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Gonçalves IS, Lima LR, Berretta AA, Amorim NA, Pratavieira S, Corrêa TQ, Nogueira FAR, Barud HS. Antimicrobial Formulation of a Bacterial Nanocellulose/Propolis-Containing Photosensitizer for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040987. [PMID: 36850271 PMCID: PMC9968145 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the development of more efficient materials for wound care, new topical formulations based on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) hydrogels containing propolis were produced. Characterizations confirmed the incorporation of propolis into the BNC matrix, maintaining its structure and properties. Rheological analysis confirmed that the hydrogels showed thixotropic behavior appropriate for topical application. Chromatographic profiles showed sustained release of propolis biomarkers for at least 20 h. The formulations did not present mutagenicity. For application in photodynamic inactivation (PDI), BNC/propolis hydrogels were prepared with the photosensitizers methylene blue (MB). Spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed the interaction of MB and propolis in BNC hydrogels, as well as the formation of a new composite material. In the antibacterial assays, formulations containing MB and propolis significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus growth. In the presence of light, BNC/MB hydrogels completely inhibited the microorganism. Therefore, the results suggest potential materials for the prevention or treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Salgado Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Biomateriais—BioPolMat, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil
- Exact Sciences and Technology Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Roncalho Lima
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.R.L.); (H.S.B.); Tel.: +55-(16)-988-144-338 (L.R.L.); +55-(16)-981-233-935 (H.S.B.)
| | - Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ribeirão, Preto 14020-670, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathaly Alcazar Amorim
- Research, Development and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ribeirão, Preto 14020-670, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaila Quatrini Corrêa
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hernane Silva Barud
- Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Biomateriais—BioPolMat, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-320, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.R.L.); (H.S.B.); Tel.: +55-(16)-988-144-338 (L.R.L.); +55-(16)-981-233-935 (H.S.B.)
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2
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Ozelin SD, Senedese JM, Alves JM, Munari CC, Costa JDCD, Resende FA, Campos DL, Lima IMDS, Andrade AF, Varanda EA, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Preventive activity of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. leaves extract and its major compounds, afzelin and quercitrin, on DNA damage in in vitro and in vivo models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:569-581. [PMID: 33730993 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1898505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. is a plant found in South America, especially in Brazil. Oleoresin and the leaves of this plant is used as a popular medicinal agent. However, few studies on the chemical composition of aerial parts and related biological activities are known. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic potential of C. langsdorffii aerial parts hydroalcoholic extract (CLE) and two of its major compounds afzelin and quercitrin. The cytotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of CLE was determined as follows: 1) against genotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR) or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in V79 cells; 2) by direct and indirect-acting mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium strains; and 3) by MMS in male Swiss mice. The protective effects of afzelin and quercitrin against DXR or MMS were also evaluated in V79 and HepG2 cells. CLE was cytotoxic as evidenced by clonogenic efficiency assay. Further, CLE did not induce a significant change in frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei; as well as number of revertants in the Ames test demonstrating absence of genotoxicity. In contrast, CLE was found to be antigenotoxic in mammalian cells. The results also showed that CLE exerted inhibitory effect against indirect-acting mutagens in the Ames test. Afzelin and quercitrin did not reduce genotoxicity induced by DXR or MMS in V79 cells. However, treatments using afzelin and quercitrin decreased MMS-induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cells. The antigenotoxic effect of CLE observed in this study may be partially attributed to the antioxidant activity of the combination of major components afzelin and quercitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Duarte Ozelin
- Laboratório De Mutagênese, Universidade De Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Facudade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Beserra FP, Gushiken LFS, Hussni MF, Ribeiro VP, Bonamin F, Jackson CJ, Pellizzon CH, Bastos JK. Artepillin C as an outstanding phenolic compound of Brazilian green propolis for disease treatment: A review on pharmacological aspects. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2274-2286. [PMID: 32935428 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a viscous resin consisting of plant material (shoots, flowers, and plant exudates), salivary secretions and waxes produced by Apis mellifera bees. Its popular use aroused the interests of scientific research, which proved to be a potential source of various bioactive substances. The chemical composition of propolis depends on several factors, such as the different types of plant sources collected by bees, geographic origin, and the time of year in which they are produced, but it is known that phenolic represent the main bioactive constituents of propolis. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the most important botanical source of propolis and a native to southeastern Brazil. It is widely known as the green propolis because of its deep green color. One of its major phenolic acids is artepillin C (Art-C), a diprenyl-p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of Art-C. The limited number of publications on this topic over the past two decades have been collected from databases and summarized. Numerous biological activities have been described for the Art-C, such as gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor. This article describes aspects of occurrence, synthesis, biological activities and pharmacokinetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Hussni
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Christopher John Jackson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney (USYD) at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Kaur S, Kumar A, Pandit K, Kaur S. Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6619-6634. [PMID: 33000335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of extracts of Cassia fistula prepared by sequentially fractionation of 80% methanolic (CaLM extract) extract of C. fistula leaves, namely CaLH (hexane), CaLC (chloroform), CaLE (ethyl acetate), CaLB (n-butanol), and CaLA (aqueous) fractions. The antimutagenicity of the fractions was tested against mutagens viz. S9-independent, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) and S9-dependent, 2-AF (2-aminofluorene). Among the tested fractions, CaLE fraction showed a potent efficacy with an inhibition percentage of 85.57% (TA98) and 89.93% (TA100) against the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminofluorene. The CaLE fraction could significantly scavenge free radicals in various assays, namely DPPH, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays with an IC50 of 12.80, 144, and 257.3 μg/ml respectively. The antiproliferative potential of the effective CaLE fraction was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with GI50 value of 243.4 and 324.6 μg/ml respectively. The fraction exhibited remarkable apoptosis-inducing effects through the externalization of phosphatidylserine in HeLa cells as analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. The HPLC analysis of CaLE revealed the presence of catechin, epiafzelechin, and chlorogenic acid which are responsible for its antimutagenic and antiproliferative efficacy. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kritika Pandit
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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5
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Boulebd H, Mechler A, Hoa NT, Nam PC, Quang DT, Vo QV. Insights into the mechanisms and kinetics of the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of Artepillin C. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Through the single electron transfer mechanism, Artepillin C scavenges the hydroperoxyl radical in water approximately 572 times faster than Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest
- University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1
- Constantine
- Algeria
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- La Trobe University
- Victoria 3086
- Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education
- Danang 550000
- Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology
- Danang 550000
- Vietnam
| | | | - Quan V. Vo
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education
- Danang 550000
- Vietnam
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6
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Dantas FGDS, Castilho PFD, Almeida-Apolonio AAD, Araújo RPD, Oliveira KMPD. Mutagenic potential of medicinal plants evaluated by the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay: A systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108338. [PMID: 33339578 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ames test has become one of the most commonly used tests to assess the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants since they have several biological activities and thus have been used in traditional medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry as a source of raw materials. Accordingly, this review aims to report previous use of the Ames test to evaluate the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants. A database was constructed by curating literature identified by a search on the electronic databases Medline (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1975 to April 2020, using the following terms: "genotoxicity tests" OR "mutagenicity tests" OR "Ames test" AND "medicinal plants." From the research, 239 articles were selected, including studies of 478 species distributed across 111 botanical families, with Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae being the most frequent. It was identified that 388 species were non-mutagenic. Of these, 21% (83/388) showed antimutagenic potential, most notable in the Lamiaceae family. The results also indicate that 18% (90/478) of the species were mutagenic, of which 54% were mutagenic in the presence and absence of S9. Strains TA98 and TA100 showed a sensitivity of 93% in detecting plant extracts with mutagenic potential. However, the reliability of many reviewed studies regarding the botanical extracts may be questioned due to technical issues, such as testing being performed only in the presence or absence of S9, use of maximum doses below 5 mg/plate and lack of information on the cytotoxicity of tested doses. These methodological aspects additionally demonstrated that a discussion about the doses used in research on mixtures, such as the ones assessed with botanical extracts and the most sensitive strains employed to detect the mutagenic potential, should be included in a possible update of the guidelines designed by the regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Pires de Araújo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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7
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Shahinozzaman M, Basak B, Emran R, Rozario P, Obanda DN. Artepillin C: A comprehensive review of its chemistry, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104775. [PMID: 33152464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artepillin C (ARC), a prenylated derivative of p-coumaric acid, is one of the major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP) and its botanical source Baccharis dracunculifolia. Numerous studies on ARC show that its beneficial health effects correlate with the health effects of both BGP and B. dracunculifolia. Its wide range of pharmacological benefits include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Most studies have focused on anti-oxidation, inflammation, diabetic, and cancers using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Mechanisms underlying anti-cancer properties of ARC are apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a protein characterized in many human diseases/disorders including COVID-19 infection. Therefore, further pre-clinical and clinical studies with ARC are necessary to explore its potential as intervention for a wide variety of diseases including the recent pandemic coronaviral infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive data on the pharmacological effects of ARC and could be a guideline for its future study and therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Patricia Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Diana N Obanda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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8
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Káňová K, Petrásková L, Pelantová H, Rybková Z, Malachová K, Cvačka J, Křen V, Valentová K. Sulfated Metabolites of Luteolin, Myricetin, and Ampelopsin: Chemoenzymatic Preparation and Biophysical Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11197-11206. [PMID: 32910657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Authentic standards of food flavonoids are important for human metabolic studies. Their isolation from biological materials is impracticable; however, they can be prepared in vitro. Twelve sulfated metabolites of luteolin, myricetin, and ampelopsin were obtained with arylsulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and fully characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, MS, and NMR. The compounds were tested for their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine radicals, to reduce ferric ions and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and to inhibit tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. The activity differed considerably even between monosulfate isomers. The parent compounds and myricetin-3'-O-sulfate were the most active while other compounds displayed significantly lower activity, particularly luteolin sulfates. No mutagenic activity of the parent compounds and their main metabolites was observed; only myricetin showed minor pro-mutagenicity. The prepared sulfated metabolites are now available as authentic standards for future in vitro and in vivo metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Káňová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Rybková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malachová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Bouguellid G, Russo C, Lavorgna M, Piscitelli C, Ayouni K, Wilson E, Kim HK, Verpoorte R, Choi YH, Kilani-Atmani D, Atmani D, Isidori M. Antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. leaves and stem bark extracts and their phytochemical composition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230690. [PMID: 32298276 PMCID: PMC7161964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chronic degenerative diseases such as certain types of cancers, are becoming an evident issue. DNA damage has been for long recognized as a causal factor for cancer development because mutations or chromosomal aberrations affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes leading cells to malignant transformation and to the subsequent cancerous growth. Medicinal plants are often used for the prevention or treatment of various diseases with great scientific interest. Among the medicinal plants distributed in the Mediterranean region, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. has been used in traditional medicine for its remarkable curative properties. However, in spite of this popularity, little works have been performed on the activity so that further studies should be performed to investigate in depth the antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the plant. Thus, the present study was aimed to the evaluation of the potential antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative properties of leaves and stem bark extracts of this well-known tree. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Salmonella mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. The antigenotoxic potential was assessed by umu test in the strain of S. typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Antiproliferative activity was studied on human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2) and on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT assay. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity observed on cancer cells was compared with that on the human normal-like fibroblasts (TelCOFS02MA) and the selectivity index was calculated to understand if extracts were able to exert selective toxicity towards cancer cells. Moreover, phenolic compounds are plant substances with a large spectrum of biochemical activities with antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. Based on the strong evidence of biological activities of phenolic compounds, the study was focused on the determination of total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the phytochemical composition of the extracts assessed by LC/MS. The ethanol extracts of both leaves and stem barks showed significant from moderate to strong antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects. In addition, selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells was shown by ethanolic leaves extract and aqueous/chloroform leaves and stem bark extracts. The latter showed high levels of total phenolic contents among all the other extracts. Identified phenylethanoids (calceolariosides, verbascoside) and secoiridoids (oleuropein and ligstroside) could be responsible for the demonstrated broad spectrum of healthy properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Bouguellid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Karima Ayouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Erica Wilson
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hye Kyonn Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Kilani-Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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10
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Jaramillo-García V, Trindade C, Lima E, Guecheva TN, Villela I, Martinez-Lopez W, Corrêa DS, Ferraz ADBF, Moura S, Sosa MQ, Da Silva J, Henriques JAP. Chemical characterization and cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties of Baccharis trinervis (Lam, Persoon) from Colombia and Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:210-220. [PMID: 29100934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Baccharis trinervis (Lam, Persoon) leaves are used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of high fevers, edema, inflammation, sores and muscle cramps, snakebites and as antiseptic. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of extracts and fractions of B. trinervis from Brazil and Colombia in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, and to examine the mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aqueous extracts (AE) of aerial parts of B. trinervis from Brazil (B) and Colombia (C) were fractioned in ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), butanol extract (BF), and aqueous residue fraction (ARF). Qualitative chemical screening and determination of total flavonoid content were made. Identification of chemical constituents was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). For the in vitro tests, CHO cells were treated for 3h with extracts and fractions. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by clonal survival and 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2.5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT). Genotoxic and mutagenic effects were evaluated by the alkaline comet assay and Cytokinesis-blockage micronucleus test (CBMN), respectively. Additionally, Salmonella/microsome assay was carried out to determinate the mutagenic effects in EAF from Brazil and Colombia. RESULTS Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of saponins and flavonoids. AE and EAF were the samples with the highest quantity of total flavonoids. HPLC showed the presence of luteolin only in AEC, and caffeic acid, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, and rutin were identified in AEB and AEC (AEC>AEB). The HRMS in positive mode of EAFB and EAFC showed presence of two carboxylic acids, coumarin, and two terpenoids. In addition, were identified one terpenoid and two carboxylic acids in AE, BF and ARF of B. trinervis from both countries in negative mode. Dose-dependent cytotoxic effects were observed in CHO cells treated with B. trinervis extracts and fractions by using clonal survival and MTT at concentrations higher than 0.05mg/mL. All the extracts and fractions induced DNA strand breaks in CHO cells with dose-dependent response, mostly EAFB and EAFC. The EAF from Brazil and Colombia showed mutagenic effect at 0.5mg/mL, while the other fractions did not show a significant difference in relation to the control. No mutagenic effects were found in EAF from both countries by the Salmonella/microsome assay. CONCLUSIONS Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were demonstrated in all extracts and fractions used, although only EAF showed mutagenic effects by CBMN, but not by Salmonella/microsome assay. Our results suggest that flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, coumarins, and diterpenes may be responsible for the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jaramillo-García
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia-UFRGS, Porto Alegre- RS-Brasil.; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Elisiane Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Temenouga N Guecheva
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, PPG em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Izabel Villela
- InnVitro Research and Development, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 1022 sl 1415, 90035-190 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilner Martinez-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Epigenética e Inestabilidad Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dione S Corrêa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de B F Ferraz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul - UCS Caxias do Sul - RS, Brazil
| | - Milton Quintana Sosa
- Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pegas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia-UFRGS, Porto Alegre- RS-Brasil.; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul - UCS Caxias do Sul - RS, Brazil.
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Rodrigues CRF, Plentz LC, Flores MDA, Dihl RR, Lehmann M. Assessment of genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of artepillin C in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Pereira CA, Costa ACBP, Liporoni PCS, Rego MA, Jorge AOC. Antibacterial activity of Baccharis dracunculifolia in planktonic cultures and biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:324-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Valentová K, Šíma P, Rybková Z, Křížan J, Malachová K, Křen V. (Anti)mutagenic and immunomodulatory properties of quercetin glycosides. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1492-1499. [PMID: 25960089 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) are common components of a normal human diet and are increasingly used in food supplements. Here their effect on mutagenesis and immunity is shown. RESULTS The in vitro (anti)mutagenic potential was compared with that of quercetin using the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium His(-) strains TA100, TA98 and TA102. Isoquercitrin only slightly increased the number of revertants, while rutin was totally non-mutagenic. On the other hand, all compounds displayed dose-dependent protective activity against H2O2 - and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage to the TA102 strain and at 75 µmol L(-1) inhibited H2O2/Fe(2+)-induced formation of the open circular and linear forms of the DNA plasmid pBSIISK(-). In mice, none of the flavonols (0.86 µmol day(-1), 34 days) induced harmful effects. In immunized animals, all compounds enhanced ex vivo B cell proliferation; quercetin stimulated lymphocyte basal proliferation and increased the number of IgM-producing lymphocytes. Rutin promoted NK cytotoxic activity, supported T cells and enhanced gut epithelium renewal. No effect on IgG-forming cells was found. CONCLUSION Isoquercitrin displayed negligible and rutin no mutagenicity, but both showed significant antimutagenic and DNA-protective effects against oxidative damage. In vivo, they supported the readiness of the immune system for specific humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šíma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Rybková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Křížan
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malachová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Yashiro K, Hanaya K, Shoji M, Sugai T. New synthesis of artepillin C, a prenylated phenol, utilizing lipase-catalyzed regioselective deacetylation as the key step. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1926-30. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1058704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have synthesized artepillin C, a diprenylated p-hydroxycinnamate originally isolated from Brazilian propolis and exhibiting antioxidant and antitumor activities, from 2,6-diallylphenol. Replacement of the terminal vinyl with 2,2-dimethylvinyl group by olefin cross-metathesis and subsequent transformation yielded 2,6-diprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone diacetate. Candida antarctica lipase B-catalyzed deacetylation in 2-propanol regioselectively removed the less hindered acetyl group to give 2,6-diprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone 1-monoacetate. After triflation of the liberated 4-hydroxy group, a three-carbon side chain was introduced by palladium-mediated alkenylation with methyl acrylate. Final hydrolysis of the esters furnished artepillin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yashiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
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Arginine-induced insulin secretion in endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:717-22. [PMID: 26348775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is known as one of the most strongest insulin secretagogues in a glucose-dependent manner, but major mechanism is unknown. Arginine induced insulin secretion in mice as well as β cell line, NIT-1, in which more than 90% of intracellular insulin is prionsulin without arginine cultivation. Arginine administration reduced prionsulin amount in 30 s, then insulin is secreted from NIT1 cells. These data indicated that the target factor(s) for arginine-induced insulin secretion located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We established the screening system for identifying the arginine mimetics. Brazilian propolis, not Chinese propolis, induced insulin secretion. To identify target factor(s) of arginine induced insulin secretion, our previous study was that nanobeads technology facilitated us to purify chemical-target factors. This time we chose the other way, proinsulin associating factor purification and arginine-immobilized agarose. Three proinsulin associating factors and 5 arginine interacting factors were identified. Among theses factors, Calnexin (CNX) was the only one factor, which belonged to both groups, suggesting that CNX might play a key role in arginine-induced insulin secretion in ER.
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Ribeiro DL, Cilião HL, Specian AFL, Serpeloni JM, de Souza MF, Tangerina MMP, Vilegas W, Boldrin PK, Resende FA, Varanda EA, Martínez-López W, Sannomiya M, Cólus IMS. Chemical and biological characterisation of Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld: absence of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and possible chemopreventive potential. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:147-60. [PMID: 26314304 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (M.hirtum) is a plant known as 'jacarandá-bico-de-pato' whose bark is commonly used against diarrhea, cough and cancer. The aim of this study was to phytochemically characterise the hydroethanolic extract of this plant, investigate its antimutagenic activities using the Ames test and evaluate its effects on cell viability, genomic instability, gene expression and cell protection in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Antimutagenic activity was assessed by simultaneous pre- and post-treatment with direct and indirect mutagens, such as 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD), mitomycin C (MMC), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), using the Ames test, cytokinesis blocking micronucleus and apoptosis assays. Only 3 of the 10 concentrations evaluated in the MTT assay were cytotoxic in HepG2 cells. Micronucleated or apoptotic cells were not observed with any of the tested concentrations, and there were no mutagenic effects in the bacterial system. However, the Nuclear Division Index and flow cytometry data showed a decrease in cell proliferation. The extract showed an inhibitory effect against direct (NPD) and indirect mutagens (B[a]P and AFB1). Furthermore, pre- and post-treated cells showed significant reduction in the number of apoptotic and micronucleated cells. This effect is not likely to be associated with the modulation of antioxidant genes, as shown by the RT-qPCR results. Six known flavonoids were identified in the hydroethanolic extract of Machaerium hirtum leaves, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. The presence of the antioxidants apigenin and luteolin may explain these protective effects, because these components can inhibit the formation of reactive species and prevent apoptosis and DNA damage. In conclusion, the M.hirtum extract showed chemopreventive potential and was not hazardous at the tested concentrations in the experiments presented here. Moreover, this extract should be investigated further as a chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Lizotti Cilião
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Leal Specian
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilesia Ferreira de Souza
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Vilegas
- Coastal Campus, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Karina Boldrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Miriam Sannomiya
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, São Paulo University-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil,
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Périco LL, Heredia-Vieira SC, Beserra FP, de Cássia Dos Santos R, Weiss MB, Resende FA, Dos Santos Ramos MA, Bonifácio BV, Bauab TM, Varanda EA, de Gobbi JIF, da Rocha LRM, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA. Does the gastroprotective action of a medicinal plant ensure healing effects? An integrative study of the biological effects of Serjania marginata Casar. (Sapindaceae) in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:312-324. [PMID: 26099637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Serjania marginata (Sapindaceae), a medicinal plant commonly found in the Brazilian Cerrado, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina, is also known as "cipó-uva" or "cipó-timbó". Ethnopharmacological studies indicate that the leaves from this medicinal plant are used in folk medicine to treat gastric pain. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective and healing effect of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from S. marginata (HESM) leaves using rodent experimental models. As part of the integrative study of this medicinal plant, we also evaluated the acute toxicity, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, (anti)mutagenic, and hemodynamic effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a pharmacological study to test the acute toxicity and antimutagenic effect (Ames assay) of the HESM. The HESM was tested against different necrosis-promoting agents and experimental manipulations, such as absolute ethanol, cysteamine, pyloric ligature, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The gastroprotective effect of the HESM was assessed by analyzing the gastric juice (volume, pH, total acidity) and the mucus in the gastric mucosa from rats. We assessed the levels of NO, sulfhydryl compounds, PGE2, vanilloid receptor, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The gastric healing effects of the HESM were evaluated during 7 or 14 days of treatment. The intestinal motility, antidiarrheal action, and antibacterial effects (microdilution methods) of the HESM were also evaluated. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis of the HESM revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoid glycosides, and tannins. The extract exhibited no sign of acute toxicity or mutagenic effect in vitro. In contrast, this extract exhibited a protective effect against the mutagenic action of direct- and indirect-acting mutagens. Only the oral administration of HESM (250mg/kg) significantly decreased the severity of gastric damage induced by ethanol (60.13%) and I/R (58.31%). The HESM exerts its gastroprotective effects by decreasing the MPO and MDA activities in the gastric tissue and by increasing the amount of adherent mucus covering the gastric mucosa. In vitro, the extract also displayed evident antimicrobial effects against Helicobacter pylori. However, the preventive effect of the HESM was not accompanied by an ulcer-healing effect. The treatment with HESM (14 days) significantly increased gastric lesions in 99% of the tested animals compared with the control group. This result represents a highly relevant piece of evidence that should resonate as an alert against the chronic use of this medicinal plant as an antiulcer in folk medicine. CONCLUSIONS Despite the anti-H. pylori and gastroprotective actions of S. marginata in experimental models, the gastric injuries aggravation induced after chronic treatment with the HESM argues against the use of this plant species in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lucena Périco
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Cássia Dos Santos
- Universidade São Francisco, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, CEP 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Barczyszyn Weiss
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP 14800-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia Aparecida Resende
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP 14800-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Vidal Bonifácio
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP 14800-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP 14800-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP 14800-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Regina Machado da Rocha
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Mutagenicity and chemopreventive activities of Astronium species assessed by Ames test. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:506-13. [PMID: 26002624 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the neotropical savannah, Astronium species are used in popular medicine to treat allergies, inflammation, diarrhea and ulcers. Given that natural products are promising starting points for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of Astronium spp. The mutagenicity was determined by the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102. The antimutagenicity was tested against the direct-acting and indirect-acting mutagens. The results showed that none of the extracts induce any increase in the number of revertants, demonstrating the absence of mutagenic activity. On the other hand, the results on the antimutagenic potential showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NPD and a strong protective effect against B[a]P and AFB1. This study highlights the importance of screening species of Astronium for new medicinal compounds. The promising results obtained open up new avenues for further study and provide a better understanding the mechanisms by which these species act in protecting DNA from damage. However, further pharmacological and toxicological investigations of crude extracts of Astronium spp., as well as of its secondary metabolites, are necessary to determine the mechanism(s) of action to guarantee their safer and more effective application to human health.
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Maistro EL, de Souza Marques E, Fedato RP, Tolentino F, da Silva CDAC, Tsuboy MSF, Resende FA, Varanda EA. In vitro assessment of mutagenic and genotoxic effects of coumarin derivatives 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin and 4-methylesculetin. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:109-118. [PMID: 25424619 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.943865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are naturally occurring compounds, widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom (Plantae), and possess important pharmacological properties, including inhibition of oxidative stress. In this context, newly synthesized coumarin compounds are being produced due to their potent antioxidant activities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic effects of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (6,7-HC) and 4-methylesculetin (4-ME) using the Salmonella/microsome test and in cultured human lymphocytes the comet assay and micronucleus test. The three coumarin derivatives concentrations evaluated in comet and MN assays were 2, 8, and 32 μg/mL, selected through a preliminary trypan blue-staining assay. In the Ames test, the 5 concentrations tested were 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 750 μg/plate. Positive (methyl methane-sulfonate, MMS) and negative (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) control groups were also included in the analysis. Our results showed that 4-ME induced greater cytotoxicity at high concentrations than 6,7-HC. In addition, both compounds were not mutagenic in the Ames test and not genotoxic or clastogenic/aneugenic in cultured human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Luis Maistro
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada , Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
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Preliminary assessment of mutagenic and anti-mutagenic potential of some aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone by use of the Vibrio harveyi assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 768:8-13. [PMID: 24769486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Vibrio harveyi assay was used to evaluate mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of four new aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone with anticonvulsant activity, to select the potentially safe compounds for further in vivo studies in animal models. The study showed that at a concentration of 40 ng/ml the test compounds were not mutagenic. Additionally, two of the investigated compounds, namely the (R,S)-N-methyl-1-amino-2-propanol derivative of 6-methoxyxanthone (compound III) and the (R)-N-methyl-2-amino-1-butanol derivative of 7-chloroxanthone (compound IV) were strong inhibitors of the mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) in V. harveyi strains BB7M and BB7XM. The inhibition percentages for compound IV were 49 (in BB7M) and 69 (in BB7XM), whereas for compound III these percentages were 47 (in BB7M) and 42 (in BB7XM), respectively. The present study demonstrates that four bioactive derivatives of xanthone display no mutagenic activity in the V. harveyi assay. In addition, compounds III and IV demonstrated considerable anti-mutagenic activity in this test. Based on the results obtained here, these compounds could be selected for further studies in animal models, while compounds III and IV should be tested further for their anti-mutagenic properties.
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Resende FA, da Silva Almeida CP, Vilegas W, Varanda EA. Differences in the hydroxylation pattern of flavonoids alter their chemoprotective effect against direct- and indirect-acting mutagens. Food Chem 2014; 155:251-5. [PMID: 24594182 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The antimutagenicity of ten flavonoids, differing in their hydroxylation patterns against direct-acting and indirect-acting mutagens, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, mitomycin C, benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1 and 2-aminofluorene, were compared with the aim of investigating how the hydroxyl groups in their structures govern the biological activity of flavonoids, by the Ames test, with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA102. The flavonoids tested were: quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, fisetin, chrysin, galangin, flavone, 3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone and 7-hydroxyflavone. In these tests, all compounds were shown to be antimutagenic in more than one strain and various mechanisms of action were demonstrated. The results suggested that the number and position of hydroxyl groups may increase or decrease the protective effect, depending on the type and concentration of flavonoids and mutagen used. These studies contribute to clarifying the mechanisms by which these flavonoids act in protecting DNA from damage. This is required before they can be widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia A Resende
- UNESP-São Paulo State University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carolina P da Silva Almeida
- UNESP-São Paulo State University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- UNESP-São Paulo State University, Experimental Campus of the Paulista Coast, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana A Varanda
- UNESP-São Paulo State University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Biological Sciences, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira APS, de Sousa JF, da Silva MA, Hilário F, Resende FA, de Camargo MS, Vilegas W, dos Santos LC, Varanda EA. Estrogenic and chemopreventive activities of xanthones and flavones of Syngonanthus (Eriocaulaceae). Steroids 2013; 78:1053-63. [PMID: 23891669 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The possible benefits of some bioactive flavones and xanthones present in plants of the genus Syngonanthus prompted us to screen them for estrogenic activity. However, scientific research has shown that such substances may have undesirable properties, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and toxicity, which restrict their use as therapeutic agents. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the estrogenicity and mutagenic and antimutagenic properties. We used recombinant yeast assay (RYA), with the strain BY4741 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Ames test, with strains TA100, TA98, TA97a and TA102 of Salmonella typhimirium, to evaluate estrogenicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of methanolic extracts of Syngonanthus dealbatus (S.d.), Syngonanthus macrolepsis (S.m.), Syngonanthus nitens (S.n.) and Syngonanthus suberosus (S.s.), and of 9 compounds isolated from them (1=luteolin, 2=mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 3=1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone, 4=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 5=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone, 6=7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-β-glucopyranoside, 7=7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside, 8=7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside and 9=6-hydroxyluteolin). The results indicated the estrogenic potential of the S. nitens methanol extract and four of its isolated xanthones, which exhibited, respectively, 14.74±1.63 nM; 19.54±6.61; 7.20±0.37; 6.71±1.02 e 10.01±4.26 nM of estradiol-equivalents (EEQ). None of the extracts or isolated compounds showed mutagenicity in any of the test strains and all of them showed antimutagenic potential, in particular preventing mutations caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The results show that the xanthones, only isolated from the methanol extract of S. nitens capitula, probably were the responsible for its estrogenic activity and could be useful as phytoestrogens, providing a new opportunity to develop hormonal agents. In addition, flavones and xanthones could also be used as a new antimutagenic agent. Since, the mutagens are involved in the initiation and promotion of several human diseases, including cancer, the significance of novel bioactive phytocompounds in counteracting these pro-mutagenic and carcinogenic effects is now gaining credence.
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Key Words
- +S9
- 1
- 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone
- 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone
- 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone
- 17β-estradiol
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene
- 5
- 6
- 6-hydroxyluteolin
- 7
- 7,3′-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-β-glucopyranoside
- 8
- 9
- AFB(1)
- Antimutagenicity
- BAW
- CNPq
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- DES
- DMSO
- E(2)
- EEQ
- ER
- ER-RBA
- Eriocaulaceae
- Estrogenicity
- Ex-DCM
- Ex-Hex
- Ex-MeOH
- FAPESP
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- HRT
- HSCCC
- I%
- MI
- Mutagenicity
- NPD
- Phytoestrogens
- RYA
- SA
- SD
- SERMs
- Sd
- Sm
- Sn
- Ss
- Standard Deviation
- UV
- aflatoxin B(1)
- dimethylsulfoxide
- estradiol equivalent
- estrogen diethylstilbestrol
- estrogen receptor
- estrogen receptor relative binding affinity
- hexane extract
- high speed counter current chromatography
- hormone replacement therapy
- luteolin
- methanol extract
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus dealbatus
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus macrolepsis
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus nitens
- methanolic extract of capitula of Syngonanthus suberosus
- methylene chloride extract
- mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone
- mutagenic index
- n-butanol, acetic acid and water solution
- percent of inhibition of reversion in bacterial strains
- recombinant yeast assay
- selective estrogen receptor modulators
- sodium azide, 2-AA, 2-anthramine, MMC, mitomycin C
- ultraviolet light
- with metabolization
- without metabolization
- −S9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Siqueira de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Boldrin PK, Resende FA, Höhne APO, de Camargo MS, Espanha LG, Nogueira CH, Melo MDSF, Vilegas W, Varanda EA. Estrogenic and mutagenic activities of Crotalaria pallida measured by recombinant yeast assay and Ames test. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:216. [PMID: 24134316 PMCID: PMC3766270 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Crotalaria pallida Ailton is a plant belonging to the Fabaceae family, popularly known as “rattle or rattlesnake” and used in traditional medicine to treat swelling of the joints and as a vermifuge. Previous pharmacological studies have also reported anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Nevertheless, scientific information regarding this species is scarce, and there are no reports related to its possible estrogenic and mutagenic effects. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the estrogenic potential of C. pallida leaves by means of the Recombinant Yeast Assay (RYA), seeking an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy during menopause; and to reflect on the safe use of natural products to assess the mutagenic activity of the crude extract from C. pallida leaves, the dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol by means of the Ames test. Methods The recombinant yeast assay with the strain BY4741 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was performed with the ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol isolated from the leaves of C. pallida. Mutagenic activity was evaluated by the Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test), using the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA100, TA98, TA97 and TA102, with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolization, by the preincubation method. Results All samples showed estrogenic activity, mainly stigmasterol. The ethanolic extract from C. pallida leaves showed mutagenic activity in the TA98 strain (-S9), whereas dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol were found devoid of activity. Conclusion Considering the excellent estrogenic activity performed by stigmasterol in the RYA associated with the absence of mutagenic activity when evaluated by the Ames test, stigmasterol becomes a strong candidate to be used in hormone replacement therapy during menopause.
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Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of (-)-hinokinin a trypanosomicidal compound measured by Salmonella microsome and comet assays. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:203. [PMID: 23114276 PMCID: PMC3545969 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan (−)-hinokinin (HK) was derived by partial synthesis from (−)-cubebin, isolated from the dry seeds of the pepper, Piper cubeba. Considering the good trypanosomicidal activity of HK and recalling that natural products are promising starting points for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents, the aim of the present study was to investigate the (anti) mutagenic∕ genotoxic activities of HK. Methods The mutagenic∕ genotoxic activities were evaluated by the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102, and the comet assay, so as to assess the safe use of HK in the treatment of Chagas’ disease. The antimutagenic ∕antigenotoxic potential of HK were also tested against the mutagenicity of a variety of direct and indirect acting mutagens, such as 4- nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD), sodium azide (SA), mitomycin C (MMC), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), by the Ames test, and doxorubicin (DXR) by the comet assay. Results The mutagenicity∕genotoxicity tests showed that HK did not induce any increase in the number of revertants or extent of DNA damage, demonstrating the absence of mutagenic and genotoxic activities. On the other hand, the results on the antimutagenic potential of HK showed a strong inhibitory effect against some direct and indirect-acting mutagens. Conclusions Regarding the use of HK as an antichagasic drug, the absence of mutagenic effects in animal cell and bacterial systems is encouraging. In addition, HK may be a new potential antigenotoxic ∕ antimutagenic agent from natural sources. However, the protective activity of HK is not general and varies with the type of DNA damage-inducing agent used.
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