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Bernardette Martínez-Rizo A, Fosado-Rodríguez R, César Torres-Romero J, César Lara-Riegos J, Alberto Ramírez-Camacho M, Ly Arroyo Herrera A, Elizabeth Villa de la Torre F, Ceballos Góngora E, Ermilo Arana-Argáez V. Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112292. [PMID: 38788446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions are among the principal causes of morbidity worldwide, and their treatment continues to be a challenge, given the restricted availability of effective and safe drugs. Thus, the identification of new compounds with biological activity that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders is an essential field in medical and health research, in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs requires the implementation of models that accurately depict the biochemical and/or physiological responses that characterize human inflammation; for this reason, several in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, providing a platform for discovering novel or repurposed compounds. For this reason, in the present review we have selected twelve commonly used models for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, and extensively describes the difference between in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. On the other hand, the inflammatory mechanisms involved in them, the methods employed for their establishment, and the different parameters assessed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of a given compound are extensively discussed. We expect to provide a comprehensive guide for the improved selection of a suitable model for the preclinical evaluation of plausible anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Bernardette Martínez-Rizo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México; Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, México
| | - Ricardo Fosado-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Lara-Riegos
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mario Alberto Ramírez-Camacho
- Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Ly Arroyo Herrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Emanuel Ceballos Góngora
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor Ermilo Arana-Argáez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Wang Q, Li A, Yu H, Wang C, Wang T, Zhang J. Evaluation of Cross-Talk and Alleviate Potential of Cytotoxic Factors Induced by Deoxynivalenol in IPEC-J2 Cells Interference with Curcumin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6984. [PMID: 39000093 PMCID: PMC11241398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum, and curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in turmeric. However, the combined treatment of CUR and DON to explore the mitigating effect of CUR on DON and their combined mechanism of action is not clear. Therefore, in this study, we established four treatment groups (CON, CUR, DON and CUR + DON) to investigate their mechanism in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). In addition, the cross-talk and alleviating potential of CUR interfering with DON-induced cytotoxic factors were evaluated by in vitro experiments; the results showed that CUR could effectively inhibit DON-exposed activated TNF-α/NF-κB pathway, attenuate DON-induced apoptosis, and alleviate DON-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress through PERK/CHOP pathways, which were verified at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these promising findings may contribute to the future use of CUR as a novel feed additive to protect livestock from the harmful effects of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
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Baig MS, Barmpoutsi S, Bharti S, Weigert A, Hirani N, Atre R, Khabiya R, Sharma R, Sarup S, Savai R. Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355012. [PMID: 38482001 PMCID: PMC10933033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways that are tightly regulated and interconnected. This process involves, among others, autoregulatory loops that activate and deactivate macrophages through various cytokines, stimulants, and other chemical mediators. Adaptor proteins play an indispensable role in facilitating various inflammatory signals. These proteins are dynamic and flexible modulators of immune cell signaling and act as molecular bridges between cell surface receptors and intracellular effector molecules. They are involved in regulating physiological inflammation and also contribute significantly to the development of chronic inflammatory processes. This is at least partly due to their involvement in the activation and deactivation of macrophages, leading to changes in the macrophages' activation/phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the 20 adaptor molecules and proteins that act as negative regulators of inflammation in macrophages and effectively suppress inflammatory signaling pathways. We emphasize the functional role of adaptors in signal transduction in macrophages and their influence on the phenotypic transition of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1-like states to anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. This endeavor mainly aims at highlighting and orchestrating the intricate dynamics of adaptor molecules by elucidating the associated key roles along with respective domains and opening avenues for therapeutic and investigative purposes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S. Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Spyridoula Barmpoutsi
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Shivmuni Sarup
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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de Figueiredo AMB, Moraes D, Bailão AM, Rocha OB, Silva LOS, Ribeiro-Dias F, Soares CMDA. Proteomic analysis reveals changes in the proteome of human THP-1 macrophages infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1275954. [PMID: 38045758 PMCID: PMC10693345 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1275954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp. is the etiologic agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic disease with wide distribution in Latin America. Macrophages are very important cells during the response to infection by P. brasiliensis. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis to evaluate the consequences of P. brasiliensis yeast cells on the human THP-1 macrophage proteome. We have identified 443 and 2247 upregulated or downregulated proteins, respectively, in macrophages co-cultured with yeast cells of P. brasiliensis in comparison to control macrophages unexposed to the fungus. Proteomic analysis revealed that interaction with P. brasiliensis caused metabolic changes in macrophages that drastically affected energy production pathways. In addition, these macrophages presented regulated many factors related to epigenetic modifications and gene transcription as well as a decrease of many proteins associated to the immune system activity. This is the first human macrophage proteome derived from interactions with P. brasiliensis, which contributes to elucidating the changes that occur during the host response to this fungus. Furthermore, it highlights proteins that may be targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marina Barroso de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Dayane Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Olivia Basso Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lana Ohara Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Laboratório de Imunidade Natural (LIN), Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Antitumor Effect of Chalcone Derivatives against Human Prostate (LNCaP and PC-3), Cervix HPV-Positive (HeLa) and Lymphocyte (Jurkat) Cell Lines and Their Effect on Macrophage Functions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052159. [PMID: 36903405 PMCID: PMC10004497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are synthetic and naturally occurring compounds that have been widely investigated as anticancer agents. In this work, the effect of chalcones 1-18 against the metabolic viability of cervical (HeLa) and prostate (PC-3 and LNCaP) tumor cell lines was tested, to compare the activity against solid and liquid tumor cells. Their effect was also evaluated on the Jurkat cell line. Chalcone 16 showed the highest inhibitory effect on the metabolic viability of the tested tumor cells and was selected for further studies. Recent antitumor therapies include compounds with the ability to influence immune cells on the tumor microenvironment, with immunotherapy being one actual goal in cancer treatment. Therefore, the effect of chalcone 16 on the expression of mTOR, HIF-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β, after THP-1 macrophage stimulation (none, LPS or IL-4), was evaluated. Chalcone 16 significantly increased the expression of mTORC1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 of IL-4 stimulated macrophages (that induces an M2 phenotype). HIF-1α and TGF-β were not significantly affected. Chalcone 16 also decreased nitric oxide production by the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line, this effect probably being due to an inhibition of iNOS expression. These results suggest that chalcone 16 may influence macrophage polarization, inducing the pro-tumoral M2 macrophages (IL-4 stimulated) to adopt a profile closer to the antitumor M1 profile.
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Luo J, Zhang L, Fu M, Hong Y, Du X, Cheng G, Xia J, Dong H. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplement in beagle dogs after castration: Effects on the haematology and serum chemistry profiles, immune response, and oxidative stress status. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:98-110. [PMID: 36583959 PMCID: PMC9857013 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in dogs. However, based on increasing evidence, male animals experience significant pain after castration. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the main bioactive components in A. membranaceus bunge, has been widely used as part of Fu-Zheng therapy to enhance natural defense mechanisms. INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing different doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS; control, 0 mg/kg; APSL, 400 mg/kg; and APSH, 800 mg/kg) for 8 weeks on the haematology and serum chemistry profiles, immune response, and oxidative stress status in weanling beagle dogs. METHODS After adapting to the experimental environment for 1 week, 18 male beagle dogs (Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, China; average initial weight, 3.80 ± 0.43 g; age, 3-month-old) were randomly allotted to diets supplemented with three doses of APS (Control, 0 mg/kg; low, 400 mg/kg; and high, 800 mg/kg), referred to as control, APSL, and APSH, respectively; six dogs were assigned to each treatment. The dogs were fed the respective diets twice daily at 08:30 and 16:30 h in sufficient quantity to supply the metabolizable energy requirements for 8 weeks. On day 43 (19 weeks old), the dogs were castrated. On days 42 (prior to castration, 19 weeks old), 50 (day 7 after castration, 20 weeks old), and 57 (day 14 after castration, 21 weeks old) to measure the haematology, blood chemistry, immune response, and oxidative stress status parameters. RESULTS Based on our findings, the APSH diet decreased weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio in dogs (P < 0.05). At 14 days after castration, the wound was almost closed, slightly swollen, dry, and clean in the groups supplemented with APS. In addition, optimal APS supplementation was found to decrease erythrocyte count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and cortisol and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet (PLT) levels, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and glutathione (GSH) content, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activities were increased in the APS supplemented groups (P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that supplementing weanling beagle dogs with optimum APS could positively affect wound healing by improving their haematological profile (decreased RBC and HCT content, increased MCH and PLT levels), serum biochemical parameters (decreased ALP and ALT content), immune status (decreased CRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels; increased IL-10 content), and antioxidant defense (decreased cortisol and PC content; increased GSH content, and SOD1, CAT, and Se-GPx activities). However, the detailed mechanism whereby APS regulates these changes requires further investigation. In addition, the results of this study suggest that 400 mg/kg diet is the optimum APS dose for beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bo Luo
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesAcademy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalSichuanChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- Sichuan Animal Sciences AcademyChengduChina
| | - Yang Hong
- Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Yin Du
- Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Qiang Cheng
- Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jie‐Ying Xia
- Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Han Dong
- Animal Laboratory Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine SciencesChengduPeople's Republic of China
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Qian Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Mao Z, Shi Y, Wu D, Gu B, Liu Z, Zhang Q. Nrf2 regulates downstream genes by targeting miR-29b in severe asthma and the role of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in a murine model of steroid-insensitive asthma. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:347-358. [PMID: 35171066 PMCID: PMC8856085 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2032205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is effective in treating severe asthma (SA). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between Nrf2-miR-29b axis and SA, and to detect whether preventive use of GSPE relieves SA via it. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 10 healthy controls, 10 patients with non-severe asthma (nSA), and 9 patients with SA from February 2017 to December 2017. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these volunteers were extracted. A murine model of steroid-insensitive asthma was established in six-week-old female BALB/c mice that were sensitised and challenged with OVA, Al(OH)3 and LPS for 31 days. Mice in the treated groups were injected with DXM (5 mg/kg/d), with or without GSPE (100 mg/kg/d). Control group received PBS. We performed quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assay in animal and cell models. RESULTS SA group demonstrated significantly lower concentrations of Nrf2 protein, Nrf2 mRNA, and miR-29b than nSA group and control group. Conversely, higher levels of platelet derived growth factor C (PDGFC), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), and collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) were measured in SA than in the other two groups. PDGFC, PIK3R1, and COL3A1 were the target genes of miR-29b. GSPE + DXM significantly elevated the expression of Nrf2 (+188%), Nrf2 mRNA (+506%), and miR-29b (+201%), and significantly reduced the expression of PDGFC (-72%), PIK3R1 (-40%), and COL3A1 (-65%) compared with OVA + LPS. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2-miR-29b axis is involved in the pathogenesis of SA. GSPE, as an adjuvant drug, maybe a potential therapeutic agent for SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Gu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Ming K, Zhuang S, Ma N, Nan S, Li Q, Ding M, Ding Y. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammatory lung injury by altering intestinal microbiota in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1033875. [PMID: 36386641 PMCID: PMC9640976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung injury is a common respiratory disease with limited therapeutic effects. Increasing opinions approved that prevention is more important than drug treatment for inflammatory lung injury. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) has multiple bioactivities including anti-inflammation and immunoregulation. However, its preventive effects on inflammatory lung injury remain unclear. In this study, mice were pretreated with APS via intragastric gavage and then were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to determine the role of APS in preventing lung injury. The results showed that APS pre-treatment improved the pathological changes of lung tissues, reduced the neutrophils infiltration, and inhibited the LPS-induced inflammation. Increasing evidence confirmed the close relationship between intestinal microbiota and lung inflammatory response. 16S rRNA analysis showed that APS treatment changed the microbiota composition in colon, increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genus such as Oscillospira, Akkermansia, and Coprococcus. Also, APS treatment significantly increased the serum concentrations of SCFAs including butyrate and propionate, and their anti-inflammation effects were demonstrated on mice primary alveolar macrophages. Our data confirmed the preventive effects of APS on LPS-induced lung injury, which were partly contributed by the alteration of intestinal microbiota composition and the resulting increase of serum SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Li X, Guo X, Li J, Yuan L, Wang H. Preventing effect of astragalus polysaccharide on cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy of epirubicin: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30000. [PMID: 35960075 PMCID: PMC9371539 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the clinical effect of astragalus polysaccharide in preventing cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy of epirubicin. Two hundred forty-eight patients with breast cancer or malignant lymphoma were randomly divided into the experimental group (EG) (n = 124) and the control group (CG) (n = 124). The EG received chemotherapy regimen containing anthracycline epirubicin and astragalus injection, while CG received only chemotherapy regimen containing anthracycline epirubicin. We detected myocardial function (cardiac troponin I [cTnI], creatine kinase isoenzyme [CK-MB], left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], and the ratio of mitral annular diastolic peak velocity to atrial systolic velocity [E/A]) and incidences of cardiotoxicity to assess cardiac function, they were compared at before the first treatment course (T1), end of the second course (T2) and 6-month follow-up. We also detected proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) aimed to discover potential mechanism. There were no statistical significances in differences of LVEF and E/A between 2 groups (P > .05) at T1 and T2, while levels of LVEF and E/A of EG were significant higher than those of the CG at 6 month follow-up, with statistically significant differences (P < .05). At T1, there were no statistical significances in differences of cTnI and CK-MB between 2 groups (P > .05); at T2 and 6 months follow-up, the cTnI, and CK-MB levels of EG was significantly lower than those of the CG, with statistically significant differences (P < .05). The incidence of cardiotoxicity of EG was 15% (17/113), which was significant lower than that of the CG (60%, 66/110), with statistically significant difference (P < .05). Moreover, the level of TNF-α, GPx, and SOD did not show significant difference (P > .05). The data in this pilot study suggested that astragalus polysaccharide may be an effective therapy for preventing cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy of epirubicin. Furthermore, larger, placebocontrolled, perspective studies are needed to assess the efficacy of astragalus injection treatment for preventing cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy of epirubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofang Li, MS, Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China (e-mail: ); Haixiong Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, No. 18 Yifen Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (e-mail: )
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Haixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Chemical Profiles and Antiobesity Effect of a Mixture of Astragalus membranaceus and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extract in High Fat Diet Fed Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9642427. [PMID: 35990844 PMCID: PMC9391103 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9642427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity potential and synergistic effects of ALM16, a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) extracts, in HFD-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + AM, HFD + LE or HFD + ALM16 (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) daily for 5 weeks. Compared to the ND group, HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, food efficiency ratio, weights of white adipose tissues, adipocytes size, liver weight, and hepatic steatosis grade. However, ALM16 significantly reduced those increases induced by HFD. Moreover, as compared to the HFD group, the ALM16 group significantly ameliorated serum levels of lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL, and LDL), adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and liver damage markers (AST and ALT levels). Notably, ALM16 was more effective than AM or LE alone and had a similar or more potent effect than Garcinia cambogia extracts, as a positive control, at the same dose. These results demonstrate that ALM16 synergistically exerts anti-obesity effects based on complementary interactions between each component. Also, metabolic profiling between each extract and the ALM16 was confirmed by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and the difference was confirmed by relative quantification.
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Kim YS, Hwang J, Lee SG, Jo HY, Oh MJ, Liyanage NM, Je JG, An HJ, Jeon YJ. Structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri and immune-enhancing activity of polysaccharides combined with lactic acid bacteria. Food Funct 2022; 13:8214-8227. [PMID: 35833451 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (SH), a marine brown alga, is known to contain a variety of bioactive ingredients and previous studies reported sulfated polysaccharides in SH as a potential candidate for a functional ingredient. However, immune-enhancing activity combined with Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) is not yet studied. In the present study, we attempted to characterize sulfated polysaccharides (SHCPs) in SH by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and evaluate their immune-enhancing effect on macrophage cells. The main residue of SHCPs in SH is 2-sulfated 1,4-linked L-fucose and this epitope combined with LAB shows immune enhancement properties through cytokine production at the cellular level and increases the population of lymphocytes and myelomonocytes in the adult zebrafish kidney. These results indicate that SHCPs, along with LAB, have potent immune-enhancing activity and may be utilized as a potential immunomodulatory ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwang
- Natural Products Laboratory, Daebong LS Co., Ltd, 40., Chemdan-ro 8-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hee Young Jo
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Oh
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - N M Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Gu D, Wang Y, Jin H, Kang S, Liu Y, Zan K, Fan J, Wei F, Ma S. Changes of Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides During Processing of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934710. [PMID: 35784754 PMCID: PMC9243645 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) have a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and are still widely utilized today. PM in raw or processed form has different biological activities and is commonly used to treat different diseases. Polysaccharides are the main component of PM, and it is unclear whether their physicochemical properties and activities change after processing. In this study, the polysaccharides from thirty-one raw PM (RPMPs) and nine processed PM (PPMPs) were extracted, and the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of polysaccharide samples were evaluated. Results showed that RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in physicochemical properties. RPMPs and PPMPs were both composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. However, RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in their yields, molecular weight (Mw), and the molar ratio of Glc/GalA (p < 0.05), which can be used to distinguish raw and processed PM. The fingerprint of monosaccharide composition was analyzed by chemometrics, and it was further demonstrated that Glc and GalA could be used as differential markers. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that RPMPs and PPMPs could significantly enhance phagocytosis and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity of PPMPs with lower Mw was significantly better than that of RPMPs. This study furthers the understanding of the polysaccharides from raw and processed PM and provides a reference for improving the quality standard of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Gu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangcheng Ma,
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Flores AI, Pipino C, Jerman UD, Liarte S, Gindraux F, Kreft ME, Nicolas FJ, Pandolfi A, Tratnjek L, Giebel B, Pozzobon M, Silini AR, Parolini O, Eissner G, Lang-Olip I. Perinatal derivatives: How to best characterize their multimodal functions in vitro. Part C: Inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:965006. [PMID: 35992360 PMCID: PMC9386263 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.965006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal derivatives (PnD) are birth-associated tissues, such as placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic and chorionic membrane, and thereof-derived cells as well as secretomes. PnD play an increasing therapeutic role with beneficial effects on the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this review is to elucidate the modes of action of non-hematopoietic PnD on inflammation, angiogenesis and wound healing. We describe the source and type of PnD with a special focus on their effects on inflammation and immune response, on vascular function as well as on cutaneous and oral wound healing, which is a complex process that comprises hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation (including epithelialization, angiogenesis), and remodeling. We further evaluate the different in vitro assays currently used for assessing selected functional and therapeutic PnD properties. This review is a joint effort from the COST SPRINT Action (CA17116) with the intention to promote PnD into the clinics. It is part of a quadrinomial series on functional assays for validation of PnD, spanning biological functions, such as immunomodulation, anti-microbial/anti-cancer activities, anti-inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Flores
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, StemTech Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Urška Dragin Jerman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergio Liarte
- Laboratorio de Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-β, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Günther Eissner, ; Sergio Liarte,
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 466, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francisco J. Nicolas
- Laboratorio de Regeneración, Oncología Molecular y TGF-β, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, StemTech Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy and Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research Fondazione Città Della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Günther Eissner, ; Sergio Liarte,
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Liu Y, Zhang WS, Tang ZH, Ye DD, Su S, Zhang SM, Qiu J. Anti-inflammatory effects of the immobilization of SEMA4D on titanium surfaces in an endothelial cell/macrophage indirect coculture model. Biomed Mater 2021; 17. [PMID: 34731839 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we established a procedure to prepare a Semaphorin4D (SEMA4D)-immobilized titanium surface and explored its effects on macrophage behaviors in an endothelial cell/macrophage indirect coculture model. The SEMA4D-bovine serum albumin complex was immobilized onto a preprocessed poly L-lysine titanium surface through NaOH hydrothermal treatment and self-assembly technology. All titanium specimens were examined for surface microstructure, surface element composition, and surface wettability by field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle measurement, respectively. Subsequently, we constructed an endothelial cell/macrophage indirect coculture model and evaluated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β) in macrophages. In XPS analysis, the SEMA4D-immobilized titanium surface appeared as a loose porous structure covered with uniform film, which exhibited better hydrophilicity than the control smooth titanium surface. In the indirect coculture model, SEMA4D attenuated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages, thereby downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. In conclusion, SEMA4D could be immobilized on titanium surfaces through NaOH hydrothermal treatment and self-assembly technology. Meanwhile, SEMA4D immobilization altered the characteristics of the titanium surfaces, which negatively regulated macrophage behaviors in the endothelial cell/macrophage indirect coculture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Si Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Hua Tang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-di Ye
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Mei Zhang
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Natural Product Ingredients in the Treatment of Uveitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6683411. [PMID: 34778467 PMCID: PMC8585548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the spectrum of ophthalmic diseases keeps changing, uveitis has gradually become one of the major blinding eye diseases in the world. In recent years, it has become a research hotspot to select effective components for uveitis treatment from natural drugs. Methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies written in English as well as Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CQVIP, and Wan Fang database for studies written in Chinese (inception through 30 December 2020). Results Eight kinds of natural product ingredients were included in this article. They were found to not only regulate the expression of cytokines, proliferation, and differentiation of T help cells but also inhibit the damage of cytokines and inflammatory cells to uvea, blood aqueous barrier, and blood retinal barrier. Conclusion Natural product ingredients have their unique advantages in the treatment of uveitis. They have good anti-inflammatory effects without causing serious adverse reactions, which enables them to be promising choices for preventive and therapeutic strategy of uveitis.
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Li J, Wu H, Liu Y, Nan J, Park HJ, Chen Y, Yang L. The chemical structure and immunomodulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by Morchella esculenta under submerged fermentation. Food Funct 2021; 12:9327-9338. [PMID: 34606556 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01683k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular polysaccharide of Morchella esculenta cultivated under submerged fermentation was extracted. A single polysaccharide was purified through DEAE-Cellulose 52 and Sephadex G 100, and named as MEP 2a. The molecular weight of MEP 2a was determined by HPGPC and it is about 1391.5 kDa. MEP 2a is composed of mannose and glucose as the monosaccharide unit with a molar ratio of 8.15 : 1.07. The main polysaccharide chemical structure was analyzed by 1D and 2D NMR. Methylation and NMR analysis revealed that the backbone of MEP 2a consists of 1,3,4-linked-Manp, 1,2-linked-Manp and 1,6-linked-Glcp. 1D and 2D NMR results indicated that the main chain is based on →1)-β-D-Glcp-(6→, →1)-α-D-Manp-(3,4→, →1)-α-D-Manp-(2→) and the branch chain is composed of α-D-Manp-(1→, →1)-β-D-Glcp-(6→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→). MEP 2a promoted the phagocytosis function and secretion of NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α of macrophages. In the present study, the chemical structure and immunomodulatory ability of an extracellular polysaccharide of Morchella esculenta was investigated which guarantees further research studies and promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Haishan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Yuting Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Nan
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, 410007 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
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Liu Y, Li QZ, Li LDJ, Zhou XW. Immunostimulatory effects of the intracellular polysaccharides isolated from liquid culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes) on RAW264.7 cells via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114130. [PMID: 33892066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese Cordyceps (DongChong XiaCao), a parasitic complex of a fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and a caterpillar, is a traditional Chinese medicine. Polysaccharides extracted from O. sinensis have immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. However, the mechanism of polysaccharides on macrophage and the composition of polysaccharides are not known. AIM OF STUDY We aimed to investigate composition and structure of the intracellular polysaccharides from O. sinensis mycelia (designed as OSP), and evaluate its the immunomodulatory effect on macrophages and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a liquid-state fermentation of O. sinensis to produce mycelia. The DEAE-Sephadex-A25 cellulose column and Sephadex-G100 gel column chromatography were employed to purify and character the intracellular OSP. Macrophages RAW264.7 cells were employed to evaluate OSP's immunomodulatory activity and the possible mechanism responsible for the activation of macrophages in vitro. RESULTS The average molecular weight of OSP was distributed at 27,972 Da, OSP was composed of xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with the ratio of 2.9 : 6.6 : 166 : 2.6, with a trace amount of fucose, arabinose and rhamnose. The phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells was improved significantly and remarkable changes were observed in the morphology with OSP-treated cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that OSP had an ability to regulate the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and to induce the mRNA expression level of iNOS in a concentration dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting analysis showed that the regulation of NO and cytokines was mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that OSP was with a capacity to activate macrophage cells RAW264.7 for an improvement of immunomodulation activities, which was through regulation of inflammatory mediators via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, And Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qi-Zhang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, And Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Liu-Ding-Ji Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, And Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, And Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
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Effect of 1-Carbaldehyde-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone on Prostate and HPV-18 Positive Cervical Cancer Cell Lines and on Human THP-1 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123721. [PMID: 34207168 PMCID: PMC8235309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthone derivatives have shown promising antitumor properties, and 1-carbaldehyde-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone (1) has recently emerged as a potent tumor cell growth inhibitor. In this study, its effect was evaluated (MTT viability assay) against a new panel of cancer cells, namely cervical cancer (HeLa), androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer, and nonsolid tumor derived cancer (Jurkat) cell lines. The effect of xanthone 1 on macrophage functions was also evaluated. The effect of xanthone 1-conditioned THP-1 human macrophage supernatants on the metabolic viability of cervical and prostate cancer cell lines was determined along with its interference with cytokine expression characteristic of M1 profile (IL-1 ≤ β; TNF-α) or M2 profile (IL-10; TGF-β) (PCR and ELISA). Nitric oxide (NO) production by murine RAW264.7 macrophages was quantified by Griess reaction. Xanthone 1 (20 μM) strongly inhibited the metabolic activity of the cell lines and was significantly more active against prostate cell lines compared to HeLa (p < 0.05). Jurkat was the cell most sensitive to the effect of xanthone 1. Compound 1-conditioned IL-4-stimulated THP-1 macrophage supernatants significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the metabolic activity of HeLa, LNCaP, and PC-3. Xanthone 1 did not significantly affect the expression of cytokines by THP-1 macrophages. The inhibiting effect of compound 1 observed on the production of NO by RAW 264.7 macrophages was moderate. In conclusion, 1-carbaldehyde-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone (1) decreases the metabolic activity of cancer cells and seems to be able to modulate macrophage functions.
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Du Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Song K, Zeng L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Li R. CD38 deficiency up-regulated IL-1β and MCP-1 through TLR4/ERK/NF-κB pathway in sepsis pulmonary injury. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104845. [PMID: 34098107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As a disease with high mortality,many cytokines and signaling pathways are associated with sepsis.The pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are participating in the pathogenesis of sepsis, especially in early stage. Moreover, the releases and expressions of cytokines are regulated by numerous signaling pathways, including TLR4/ERK pathway. But despite many studies have expounded the pathogenesis of sepsis and the regulation of cytokines in sepsis, how CD38 influence the expressions of related molecules in sepsis are still unknown. The aim of this study is illuminating the alteration of cytokines and signaling pathways in CD38-/- mice injected with Escherichia coli.Compared with WT mice, E. coli infection results in more severe pulmonary injuries and higher mRNA expressions of cytokines. Compared with E. coli infected WT mice,CD38 knockout leads to aggravated pulmonary injury, increasedphosphorylated ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB p65, and enhancedlevels of IL-1β, iNOS and MCP-1.While compared with E. coli infected CD38-/- mice, TLR4 mutation results in alleviated pulmonary injury, down-regulated phosphorylated ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65, and decreased expressions of IL-1β and MCP-1.CD38 deficiency increased the expressions of IL-1β andMCP-1and aggravated pulmonary injury through TLR4/ERK/NF-κB pathway in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Kuangyu Song
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lifeng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhengyu Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Laboratory of Infection & Immunity, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital&People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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21
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Yang J, Qin L, Huang J, Li Y, Xu S, Wang H, Zhu S, Wang J, Zhu B, Li F, Huang W, Gong X, Hu N. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates LPS-related inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis by reducing the MAPK signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6800-6814. [PMID: 34080298 PMCID: PMC8278124 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial products can stimulate inflammatory reaction and activate immune cells to enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines, and finally promote osteoclasts recruitment and activity, leading to bone destruction. Unfortunately, effective preventive and treatment measures for inflammatory osteolysis are limited and usually confuse the orthopedist. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the main extractive of Astragali Radix, has been widely used for treating inflammatory diseases. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrated that APS notably inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation dose-dependently. Moreover, we found that APS down-regulated RANKL-related osteoclastogenesis and levels of osteoclast marker genes, such as NFATC1, TRAP, c-FOS and cathepsin K. Further underlying mechanism investigation revealed that APS attenuated activity of MAPK signalling pathways (eg ERK, JNK and p38) and ROS production induced by RANKL. Additionally, APS was also found to suppress LPS-related inflammatory osteolysis by decreasing inflammatory factors' production in vivo. Overall, our findings demonstrate that APS effectively down-regulates inflammatory osteolysis due to osteoclast differentiation and has the potential to become an effective treatment of the disorders associated with osteoclast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Leilei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Banan Second People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sizheng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing Dazu People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Outpatient Department, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Salehi B, Carneiro JNP, Rocha JE, Coutinho HDM, Morais Braga MFB, Sharifi-Rad J, Semwal P, Painuli S, Moujir LM, de Zarate Machado V, Janakiram S, Anil Kumar NV, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, El Beyrouthy M, Sadaka C. Astragalus species: Insights on its chemical composition toward pharmacological applications. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2445-2476. [PMID: 33325585 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus L. is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genus is widely used in folk medicine and in dietary supplements, as well as in cosmetics, teas, coffee, vegetable gums, and as forage for animals. The major phytoconstituents of Astragalus species with beneficial properties are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Astragalus extracts and their isolated components exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, including antiaging, antiinfective, cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabesity, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering their proven therapeutic potential, the aim of this work is to give a comprehensive summary of the Astragalus spp. and their active components, in an attempt to provide new insight for further clinical development of these xenobiotics. This is the first review that briefly describes their ethnopharmacology, composition, biological, and toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Laila Moujir Moujir
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victoria de Zarate Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Shriyaa Janakiram
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carmen Sadaka
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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23
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Traditional Chinese herb, Astragalus: possible for treatment and prevention of COVID-19? HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Astragalus is a traditional herb which has been used in China for a long time. It regulates blood circulation (vital energy), invigorates body fluid circulation, protects the flow of blood to fight against the attack of pathogens, and strengthens “blood deficiencies” according to Bencao Congxin. Astragalus was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2009 as a dietary supplement for upper respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. Thirty journals published in the past ten years were reviewed by using library search engines such as SCI/SCIE, PubMed, and Scopus. In this mini-review, we focus on the anti-inflammatory of Astragalus features, discuss the background of Astragalus and its function in various diseases from water-extracted Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus saponins, and Astragalus polysaccharides. Based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, Astragalus is a potential candidate to treat and prevent COVID-19.
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24
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Tsao SM, Wu TC, Chen J, Chang F, Tsao T. Astragalus Polysaccharide Injection (PG2) Normalizes the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer Receiving Immunotherapy. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1534735421995256. [PMID: 33583212 PMCID: PMC7890706 DOI: 10.1177/1534735421995256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic marker in patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy. Recent studies have shown that a high NLR was associated with a poor response and decreased survival. However, there is no intervention to reverse abnormally high NLR and improve clinical outcomes. Astragalus polysaccharide injection (PG2) is an immunomodulatory therapy for cancer-related fatigue. This study aimed to examine whether PG2 might normalize the NLR and affect the overall survival of patients with lung cancer treated with immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined the medical records of patients with lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between October 1, 2015 and November 30, 2019. All patients received ICI combination chemotherapies, and some similarly received PG2 (Control vs PG2). The NLR was assessed before treatment and 6 weeks after ICI initiation, and the survival data was collected at least 4 years after treatment initiation for the first enrolled patient. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were included. Six weeks after ICI initiation, 91.3% of the patients in the PG2 group exhibited a predefined "Decrease or no change" in the NLR, which was 28% higher than that in the Control group (63.3%) (P = .028). The NLR significantly decreased by 31.60% from baseline in the PG2 group (P = .012), whereas it increased by 5.80% in the Control group (P = .572). Six weeks after ICI treatment initiation, both groups had a median NLR of 3.73, and the overall survival was also similar (PG2 vs Control, 26.1 months vs 25.4 months, respectively); however, the PG2 group had a higher median baseline NLR than the Control group (PG2 vs Control, 4.51 vs 2.81, respectively). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that PG2 could normalize the NLR in patients with lung cancer receiving ICI combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tz Chin Wu
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City
| | | | - Feichi Chang
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City
| | - Thomos Tsao
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City
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25
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Yang R, Jia Q, Mehmood S, Ma S, Liu X. Genistein ameliorates inflammation and insulin resistance through mediation of gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2155-2168. [PMID: 33068158 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genistein (GEN) has been reported to have diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. This study investigated whether the ameliorative effects of GEN on inflammation and insulin resistance were associated with the modulation of gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were treated with a high-fat diet/streptozotocin to induce T2D and then gavaged with GEN (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Then, oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, lipid profiles, and pro-inflammatory factors were measured. After this, hepatic function and histopathological analysis and inflammation-related indices of the liver and colon were determined, along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and gut microbiota composition. RESULTS GEN treatment decreased hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and serum pro-inflammatory factor levels and attenuated hepatic dysfunction, pathological changes, inflammation-related protein expression, and hepatocyte apoptosis. It also ameliorated colonic pathological changes, tight junction-associated protein expression, and pro-inflammatory factor increases. Furthermore, high-dose GEN treatment increased the concentrations of SCFAs and down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level. However, GEN increased the abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella and decreased the levels of Helicobacter and Ruminococcus at the genus level in T2D mice. CONCLUSION GEN showed ameliorative effects on glucose and lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic and colonic dysfunction; most importantly, GEN could ameliorate inflammation and insulin resistance through modulation of gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | | | - Shanfeng Ma
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
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26
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Tenghao S, Ning C, Shenghai W, Qinlong S, Jiaqian W, Kuo W, Zhanbiao Y, Xigang M. Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Reduces Inflammatory Response to Acute Lung Injury Induced by Oleic Acid in Rats by Regulating Key Proteins of the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8350579. [PMID: 32655669 PMCID: PMC7322598 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8350579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reducing inflammation can effectively relieve acute lung injury (ALI). Objective. To test whether keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) can reduce oleic acid-induced inflammation in ALI of rats and explore its possible mechanism. Methods. 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ALI group, and ALI + KGF-2 group. The animal model of acute lung injury was established by injecting 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid into the tail vein of rats. Rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline (NS). Each group needs pretreatment 72 hours before the preparation of the acute lung injury model. The control group and ALI group were instilled with 5 ml/kg NS through the airway, and the same amount of KGF-2 was instilled in the ALI + KGF-2 group. It takes 8 hours to successfully prepare the ALI model. Observe the pathological changes of lung tissue through light microscopy, ultrastructural changes through electron microscopy, and the lung wettability/dry weight (w/d) ratio and lung permeability index (LPI). By detecting changes in inflammatory factors in lung tissue and changes in the number of BALF cells, the changes in inflammation in each group were observed. The expressions of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The changes of key proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the lung tissue of each group were observed. Result. Compared with the ALI group, after KGF-2 pretreatment, the degree of lung injury was reduced, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced, and the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in BALF was reduced. It can also be observed that the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC, a key protein in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is reduced. The analysis showed that the number of inflammatory factors, red blood cells, and white blood cells in BALF was positively correlated with the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC. Conclusion. KGF-2 may reduce the inflammatory response in ALI induced by oleic acid by regulating key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Tenghao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Chen Ning
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wang Shenghai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Sun Qinlong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wu Jiaqian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Wang Kuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Yu Zhanbiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Ma Xigang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
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27
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Wu X, Cao N, Zhou Z, Beck PA, Wu H, Meng Q. Effect of anti-inflammatory compounds or antibiotic administration on receiving performance and physiological responses of transported heifers. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5719593. [PMID: 32006020 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of products with anti-inflammatory properties (yeast product [YEA; 20 g/heifer daily] or astragalus polysaccharide [APS; 20 g/heifer daily]) or an antibiotic (TUL, tulathromycin; 0.025 mL/kg body weight [BW]) on receiving performance and stress responses of transported heifers. Angus heifers (n = 80) were ranked by BW (315 ± 6 kg) and assigned to one of four treatments (five pens per treatment, four heifers per pen) 7 d before shipping 1,400 km (day -7): 1) fed a basal diet of ad libitum hay and concentrate supplement (CON) from day -7 to day 29; 2) YEA in supplemental concentrate from day -7 to day 7 (YEA); 3) APS in supplemental concentrate from day -7 to day 7 (APS); 4) administration of TUL at loading for shipping (day 0; TUL). Upon arrival at the receiving facility (day 1), heifers within each treatment were ranked by BW and assigned to 20 feedlot pens in the same manner as pre-transport. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded from day 1 to day 28. Full BW was recorded on days -7, -1, 0, 1, 28, and 29. Blood samples were collected on days -7, -1, 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. Over the receiving period, average daily gain (ADG) and gain: feed did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) for YEA, APS, and TUL, which were greater (P ≤ 0.01) than CON. Average daily gain was also lower (P < 0.01) for CON vs. YEA, APS, and TUL from day -7 to day 28. During the first week of receiving, hay, concentrate, and total DMI were lower (P < 0.01) in CON than the YEA, APS, and TUL, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.13) among these three groups. Hay and total DMI were still lower (P < 0.01) in CON vs. TUL in the second week. Total DMI was greater (P = 0.01) for TUL vs. YEA, and greater (P < 0.01) for YEA vs. CON. Serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON and TUL vs. YEA and APS on day 1. Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for YEA and CON vs. APS and TUL on day 1. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for APS vs. CON, YEA, and TUL on days 1 and 4. Plasma haptoglobin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. YEA, APS, and TUL on days 1 and 4, greater (P ≤ 0.05) for YEA, APS vs. TUL on day 1, and greater (P = 0.03) for YEA vs. TUL on day 4. Plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. YEA, APS and TUL vs. APS on days 1, 4, and 7. In conclusion, YEA, APS, and TUL modulated the physiological stress responses and alleviated the performance losses caused by long-distance transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Na Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Paul A Beck
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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28
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Awad A, Khalil SR, Hendam BM, Abd El-Aziz RM, Metwally MMM, Imam TS. Protective potency of Astragalus polysaccharides against tilmicosin- induced cardiac injury via targeting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis-encoding pathways in rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20861-20875. [PMID: 32246429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (Til) was purposed to be used in the treatment of a wide range of respiratory diseases in livestock. However, undesirable adverse effects, cardiac toxicity, in particular, may be associated with Til therapy. In the present study, the response of adult rats administered Til subcutaneously at different doses (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg b.w.; single injection) was evaluated. Astragalus polysaccharide (AP) at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.; intraperitoneally) was investigated for its potential to counteract the cardiac influences, involving the oxidative stress-induced damage and apoptotic cell death, elicited by the Til treatment at a dose of 75 mg/kg b.w. in rats. Til induced mortalities and altered the levels of the biomarkers for the cardiac damage, particularly in the rats treated with the doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg b.w.; similarly, morphological alterations in cardiac tissue were seen at all studied doses. AP was found to cause a significant (P ˂ 0.05) decline in the levels of impaired cardiac injury markers (troponin, creatine phosphokinase, and creatine phosphokinase-MB), improvement in the antioxidant endpoints (total antioxidant capacity), and attenuation in the oxidative stress indices (total reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, lipid peroxides [malondialdehyde], and protein carbonyl), associated with a significant (P ˂ 0.05) modulation in the mRNA expression levels of the encoding genes (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, P53, Apaf-1, and AIF), related to the intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death in the cardiac tissue. AP administration partially restored the morphological changes in the rat's heart. The highest protective efficacy of AP was recorded at a dose level of 200 mg/kg b.w. Taken together, these results indicated that AP is a promising cardioprotective compound capable of attenuating Til-induced cardiac impact by protecting the rat cardiac tissue from Til-induced apoptosis when administered concurrently with and after the Til injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Awad
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah R Khalil
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reda M Abd El-Aziz
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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29
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Alschuler L, Weil A, Horwitz R, Stamets P, Chiasson AM, Crocker R, Maizes V. Integrative considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Explore (NY) 2020; 16:354-356. [PMID: 32229082 PMCID: PMC7270871 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Alschuler
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States.
| | - Andrew Weil
- Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States; University of Arizona, United States
| | - Randy Horwitz
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | | | - Ann Marie Chiasson
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Robert Crocker
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
| | - Victoria Maizes
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, United States; Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine, United States
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30
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Astragalus Polysaccharide Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2851349. [PMID: 31998784 PMCID: PMC6970487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2851349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury remains a disturbing complication, which still lacks effective prevention. Cisplatin-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are anticipated to be crucial in the occurrence of kidney injury. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been reported to possess multiple biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondria protection. In this study, we investigated the potentially protective effect of APS against cisplatin-induced kidney injury both in vivo and in vitro. We found that APS pretreatment attenuated the cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction and histopathological damage in mice; in addition, it also protected the viability of HK-2 cells upon cisplatin exposure. APS attenuated the cisplatin-induced oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and recovering the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in mice kidney. In addition, electron microscope analysis indicated that cisplatin induced extensive mitochondrial vacuolization in mice kidney. However, APS administration reversed these mitochondrial morphology changes. In HK-2 cells, APS reduced the cisplatin-induced mitochondrial and intracellular ROS generation. Furthermore, APS protected the normal morphology of mitochondria, blocked the cisplatin-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and reduced the cytochrome c leakage. Subsequently, APS reduced the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in mice renal and HK-2 cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that APS pretreatment might prevent cisplatin-induced kidney injury through attenuating oxidative damage, protecting mitochondria, and ameliorating mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
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31
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Xie T, Bai SP, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Wang JP, Zeng QF, Peng HW, Lu HY, Bai J, Xuan Y, Su ZW. Effects of Lonicera confusa and Astragali Radix extracts supplementation on egg production performance, egg quality, sensory evaluation, and antioxidative parameters of laying hens during the late laying period. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4838-4847. [PMID: 30993339 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera confusa (LC) and Astragali Radix (AR) extracts have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in human. To determine whether LC or/and AR extracts had similar functions to improve the egg production and egg quality, 1,440 (52-wk-old) Lohmann pink-shell hens were randomly distributed into 4 treatments with nine replicates of 40 hens. The hens were fed a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% LC extracts, 0.1% AR extracts, or 0.1% LC extracts plus 0.1% AR extracts (LC-AR) for 12 wk. The eggs were collected on week 6 and 12 for analysis, and the plasma and ovaries were collected at end of trial. Dietary treatment did not influence (P < 0.05) egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio. However, LC-AR addition increased (P < 0.02) yolk color and sensory quality of hard-boiled eggs compared to other groups. The LC-AR supplementation increased (P = 0.02), and LC addition tended to increase (P = 0.08) Haugh unit of eggs on week 12 compared to CON. The LC-AR supplementation decreased (P < 0.001), and LC or AR individual addition tended to decrease (P < 0.10) plasma malondialdehyde concentration compared to CON. Conversely, LC supplementation increased (P = 0.02) total superoxide dismutase activity, and LC or/and AR supplementation increased the activities of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) (P < 0.08) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.01) in plasma, and the mRNA abundance of MnSOD, GSH-Px1, and catalase in ovaries (P < 0.05) compared to CON. The LC or/and AR supplementation decreased the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma (P < 0.05), and the mRNA abundance of IL-6 and TNF-α in ovaries (P < 0.04) compared to CON. These results suggested dietary inclusion of LC or/and AR improved the albumen quality, and a blend of LC and AR improved yolk color, which were associated with the enhancement of antioxidant capacity and the suppression of systemic inflammation in hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - H W Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Lu
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - J Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Z W Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Zhou T, Sun Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhuo L, Bu L, Xu S, Han J, Li X, Shi J. Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-10 and IL-37 Production in THP-1 Cells. Inflammation 2019; 42:987-993. [PMID: 30707387 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) have been shown to be a source of stem cells for use in cellular therapies and have immunomodulatory effects on several immune cells in an inflammatory environment. However, whether UCB-MSCs have immunomodulatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages and whether it is involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway remain unclear. After co-culture of UCB-MSCs and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated human THP-1 cells using a transwell system, it showed that LPS significantly induced increases in the expression levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 37 (IL-37), phospho-PI3K (p-PI3K), and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) in macrophages. UCB-MSCs upregulated the expression of IL-10, IL-37, p-PI3K, and p-Akt, while it had no obvious effect on PI3K and Akt levels. Inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002) significantly suppressed the expression of IL-10, IL-37, p-PI3K, and p-Akt; however, it had no effect on the expression levels of PI3K and Akt. The present study demonstrated that UCB-MSCs increased the LPS-stimulated expression of IL-10 and IL-37 in macrophages through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Luo Zhuo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Lin Bu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, No.99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Suo Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Jiayan Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China.
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, No.182 North Tongguan Road, Lianyungang, 222002, China.
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PKC Mediates LPS-Induced IL-1β Expression and Participates in the Pro-inflammatory Effect of A 2AR Under High Glutamate Concentrations in Mouse Microglia. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2755-2764. [PMID: 31650360 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) play an important role in promoting the production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in response to infection or damage in microglia. However, whether different signalling pathways regulate these two inflammatory factors remains unclear. The protein kinase C (PKC) family is involved in the regulation of inflammation, and our previous research showed that the activation of the PKC pathway played a key role in the LPS-induced transformation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) from anti-inflammatory activity to pro-inflammatory activity under high glutamate concentrations. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the role of PKC in the LPS-induced production of these inflammatory cytokines in mouse primary microglia. GF109203X, a specific PKC inhibitor, inhibited the LPS-induced expression of IL-1β messenger ribonucleic acid and intracellular protein in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 5 µM GF109203X prevented LPS-induced IL-1β expression but did not significantly affect LPS-induced TNF-α expression. PKC promoted IL-1β expression by regulating the activity of NF-κB but did not significantly impact the activity of ERK1/2. A2AR activation by CGS21680, an A2AR agonist, facilitated LPS-induced IL-1β expression through the PKC pathway at high glutamate concentrations but did not significantly affect LPS-induced TNF-α expression. Taken together, these results suggest a new direction for specific intervention with LPS-induced inflammatory factors in response to specific signalling pathways and provide a mechanism for A2AR targeting, especially after brain injury, to influence inflammation by interfering with A2AR.
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Liu YT, Lv WL. Research Progress in Astragalus Membranaceus and Its Active Components on Immune Responses in Liver Fibrosis. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:794-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Li H, Li J, Luo Y, Yan X. Novel insights into the role of LRRC8A in ameliorating alveolar fluid clearance in LPS induced acute lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172613. [PMID: 31421089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8A (LRRC8A) protein was recently identified as an essential component of volume-regulated anion channel which plays a central role in maintaining cell volume. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of LRRC8A in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and the effect of inflammatory cytokines on LRRC8A and the underlying mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to generate a rat acute lung injury model. The results showed that the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased significantly, but the expression of LRRC8A in the lung tissue decreased dramatically in the acute lung injury group followed by a decline in the AFC rate. Additionally, LRRC8A knockdown reduced AFC in normal rats. However, specific overexpression of LRRC8A in the lung could increase AFC. Furthermore, we observed the effects of LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 on the LRRC8A current in alveolar type II (ATII) cells, and IL-1β showed the greatest inhibition among them, which was involved in phospho-p38 activation. Overall, LRRC8A plays an essential role in the progression of AFC in LPS-induced acute lung injury, and chronic treatment with IL-1β or TNF-α could inhibit the function of LRRC8A in ATII cells by targeting phospho-p38. All of the findings suggested that LRRC8A could be a new partner in AFC and a potential target for the treatment of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiran Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yani Liu
- Department of pharmacology, School of pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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1,2-Dihydroxyxanthone: Effect on A375-C5 Melanoma Cell Growth Associated with Interference with THP-1 Human Macrophage Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020085. [PMID: 31167479 PMCID: PMC6630936 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthones have been suggested as prospective candidates for cancer treatment. 1,2- dihydroxyxanthone (1,2-DHX) is known to interfere with the growth of several cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of 1,2-DHX on the growth of the A375-C5 melanoma cell line and THP-1 human macrophage activity. 1,2-DHX showed a moderate growth inhibition of A375-C5 melanoma cells (concentration that causes a 50% inhibition of cell growth (GI50) = 55.0 ± 2.3 µM), but strongly interfered with THP-1 human macrophage activity. Supernatants from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 macrophage cultures exposed to 1,2-DHX significantly increased growth inhibition of A375-C5 cells, when compared to supernatants from untreated LPS-stimulated macrophages or to direct treatment with 1,2-DHX only. 1,2-DHX decreased THP-1 secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), but stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production. This xanthone also inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, possibly through inhibition of inducible NO synthase production. In conclusion, these findings suggest a potential impact of 1,2-DHX in melanoma treatment, not only due to a direct effect on cancer cells but also by modulation of macrophage activity.
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Wei W, Li ZP, Bian ZX, Han QB. Astragalus Polysaccharide RAP Induces Macrophage Phenotype Polarization to M1 via the Notch Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:E2016. [PMID: 31137782 PMCID: PMC6572696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages occur in polarized phenotypes, whose characteristics determine the role they play in tumor growth. The M1 phenotype macrophages promote tumoricidal responses and suppress tumor growth. Our previous study showed that a polysaccharide isolated from Radix Astragali, named RAP, was itself non-cytotoxic but induced RAW264.7 cells' cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The current study was undertaken to determine its mechanism. Series studies was conducted to show that RAP is able to induce much higher gene expression of M1 markers, including iNOS, IL-6, TNF-a, and CXCL10, compared with the control group. When RAP-induced BMDMs were transplanted together with 4T1 tumor cells in BALB/c mice, both tumor volume and tumor weight decreased. Further studies indicated that RAP induces the Notch signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. The function of Notch signaling in macrophage polarization was confirmed by using γ-secretase inhibitor. These results suggested that Astragalus polysaccharide RAP induces macrophage's polarization to M1 phenotype via the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang LY, Yong WX, Wang L, Zhang LX, Zhang YM, Gong HX, He JP, Liu YQ. Astragalus Polysaccharide Eases G1 Phase-Correlative Bystander Effects through Mediation of TGF-βR/MAPK/ROS Signal Pathway After Carbon Ion Irradiation in BMSCs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:595-612. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been shown to have various pharmacological effects, there have been no studies concerning the inhibitory effects of APS on the radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether APS could suppress RIBE damage by inhibiting cell growth, micronucleus (MN) formation and 53BP1 foci number increased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), named bystander cells, as well as to explore its mechanism. In this study, APS decreased proliferation and colony rate of bystander cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via extrinsic and intrinsic DNA damage. Regarding mechanism, APS inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway by down-regulating the expression of the key proteins, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) but not phosphorylated P38 (p-P38), and down-regulating their downstream function protein and molecule, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, in bystander cells, APS inhibits expression of transforming growth factor [Formula: see text] receptor II (TGF-[Formula: see text]R II), a cell membrane receptor, resulting in lower ROS production and secretion via TGF-[Formula: see text]R-JNK/ERK-COX-2/ROS not P38 signaling. They gave a hint that the decreased RIBE damage induced by APS treatment involved TGF-[Formula: see text]R-JNK/ERK-COX-2/ROS down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Yong
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Gong
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Peng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Nakayama Y, Kobayashi R, Iwai Y, Noda K, Yamazaki M, Kurita-Ochiai T, Yoshimura A, Ganss B, Ogata Y. C/EBPβ and YY1 bind and interact with Smad3 to modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced amelotin gene transcription in mouse gingival epithelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:276-290. [PMID: 30761253 PMCID: PMC6356155 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epithelium (JE) develops from reduced enamel epithelium during tooth formation and is critical for the maintenance of healthy periodontal tissue through ensuring appropriate immune responses and the rapid turnover of gingival epithelial cells. We have previously shown a relationship between inflammatory cytokines and expression of JE‐specific genes, such as amelotin (AMTN), in gingival epithelial cells. Here, we elucidated the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐derived lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) on Amtn gene transcription and the interaction of transcription factors. To determine the molecular basis of transcriptional regulation of the Amtn gene by PgLPS, we performed real‐time PCR and carried out luciferase assays using a mouse Amtn gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene in mouse gingival epithelial GE1 cells. Gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to identify response elements bound to LPS‐induced transcription factors. Next, we analyzed protein levels of the LPS‐induced transcription factors and the interaction of transcription factors by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. LPS increased Amtn mRNA levels and elevated luciferase activities of constructs containing regions between −116 and −238 of the mouse Amtn gene promoter. CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) 1–, C/EBP2– and Ying Yang 1 (YY1)–nuclear protein complexes were increased by LPS treatment. Furthermore, we identified LPS‐modulated interactions with C/EBPβ, YY1 and Smad3. These results demonstrate that PgLPS regulates Amtn gene transcription via binding of C/EBPβ–Smad3 and YY1–Smad3 complexes to C/EBP1, C/EBP2 and YY1 response elements in the mouse Amtn gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
| | - Ryoki Kobayashi
- Research Institute of Oral Science Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan.,Department of Oral Immunology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
| | - Yasunobu Iwai
- Department of Periodontology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
| | - Mizuho Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
| | - Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai
- Research Institute of Oral Science Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan.,Department of Oral Immunology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Japan
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Canada
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan
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Effect of the Chinese Medicine YangZheng XiaoJi on Reducing Fatigue in Mice with Orthotopic Transplantation of Colon Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3870812. [PMID: 30891076 PMCID: PMC6390313 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3870812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Fatigue is a common, distressing, and persistent symptom for patients with malignant tumor including colorectal cancer (CRC). Although studies of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) have sprung out in recent years, the pathophysiological mechanisms that induce CRF remain unclear, and effective therapeutic interventions have yet to be established. Methods To investigate the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine YangZheng XiaoJi (YZXJ) on CRF, we constructed orthotopic colon cancer mice, randomly divided into YZXJ group and control (NS) group. Physical or mental fatigue was respectively assessed by swimming exhaustion time or suspension tail resting time. At the end of the experiment, serum was collected to measure the expression level of inflammatory factors by ELISA and feces to microbiota changes by 16s rDNA, and hepatic glycogen content was detected via the anthrone method. Result The nutritional status of the YZXJ group was better than that of the control group, and there was no statistical difference in tumor weight. The swimming exhaustion times of YZXJ group and control group were (162.80 ± 14.67) s and (117.60 ± 13.42, P < 0.05) s, respectively; the suspension tail resting time of YZXJ group was shorter than that of the control group (49.85 ± 4.56) s and (68.83 ± 7.26) s, P < 0.05)). Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in YZXJ group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Liver glycogen in YZXJ group was (5.18 ± 3.11) mg/g liver tissue, which was significantly higher than that in control group (2.95 ± 2.06) mg/g liver tissue (P < 0.05). At phylum level, increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria and decreased Proteobacteria in YZXJ group emerged as the top differences between the two groups, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was decreased in YZXJ group compared to the control group. At genus level, the abundance of Parabacteroides, unidentified Saprospiraceae, and Elizabethkingia which all belong to phylum Bacteroidetes were increased, while Arcobacter, Marinobacter, Alkanindiges, Sulfuricurvum, Haliangium, and Thiobacillus in phylum Proteobacteria were decreased after YZXJ intervention. YZXJ can also increase Pirellula, Microbacterium, and Alpinimonas and decrease Rubrobacter and Iamia. Conclusion YZXJ may reduce the physical and mental fatigue caused by colorectal cancer by inhibiting inflammatory reaction, promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis, and changing the composition of intestinal microbiota.
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Sun J, Huang N, Ma W, Zhou H, Lai K. Protective effects of metformin on lipopolysaccharide‑induced airway epithelial cell injury via NF‑κB signaling inhibition. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1817-1823. [PMID: 30628691 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It has been demonstrated that metformin, an extensively used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, improves airway inflammation and remodeling. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the protective effects of metformin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells injury and the associated mechanisms. 16HBE cells were preincubated with metformin for 1 h and subsequently exposed to LPS for 12 h. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay was used to determine the extent of injury to 16HBE cells. The expression of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) was measured by ELISA. The protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 (ICAM‑1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1), as well as proteins associated with nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling, was measured by western blotting. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB p65. The LDH leakage assays suggested that metformin significantly reduced LPS‑induced 16HBE cell injury. Furthermore, it was confirmed that metformin suppressed the LPS‑induced secretion of TNF‑α, IL‑6, ICAM‑1 and VCAM‑1. The mechanism occurred at least partially via inhibition of NF‑κB signaling. The results demonstrated that metformin inhibited NF‑κB mRNA expression and the nuclear translocation of NF‑κB p65. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that metformin ameliorated LPS‑induced bronchial epithelial cell injury via NF‑κB signaling suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Niwen Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Comprehensive Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Kefang Lai
- Department of Clinical Research State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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42
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Mosaiab T, Boiteux S, Zulfiker AHM, Wei MQ, Kiefel MJ, Houston TA. A Simple Glycolipid Mimic of the Phosphatidylinositol Mannoside Core from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits Macrophage Cytokine Production. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1476-1481. [PMID: 29693771 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a profound impact on the innate immune response of the host. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor that has been shown to bind trehalose dimycolate (TDM) from the mycobacterium and instigate intracellular signalling in the immune cell. There are structural similarities between the structures of TDM and phosphatidyl inositol mannoside (PIM). We thus hypothesized that these latter structures might also modulate an immune response in a similar manner. To test this, we synthesized a series of new mannose derivatives modified with fatty esters at the 6-position and assessed the release of inflammatory cytokines in human U937 macrophages under the induction of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) after glycolipid treatment. The results showed that the amount of two major cytokines-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6-released from LPS-stimulated U937 cells decreased significantly when compared to a control upon treatment with the prepared glycolipids, thus indicating a reduction in cytokine production by the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Mosaiab
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Sandra Boiteux
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Abu Hasanat Md Zulfiker
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, John C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Ming Q Wei
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Milton J Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Todd A Houston
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
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Li Y, Lei X, Guo W, Wu S, Duan Y, Yang X, Yang X. Transgenerational endotoxin tolerance-like effect caused by paternal dietary Astragalus polysaccharides in broilers' jejunum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:769-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Sun H, Chen G, Wen B, Sun J, An H, Pang J, Xu W, Yang X, He S. Oligo-peptide I-C-F-6 inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and ameliorates CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis by suppressing NF-κB signaling and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sun LF, An DQ, Niyazi GL, Ma WH, Xu ZW, Xie Y. Effects of Tianxiangdan Granule treatment on atherosclerosis via NF‑κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1642-1650. [PMID: 29257205 PMCID: PMC5780105 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways, and explored the possible mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. A total of 48 apolipoprotein E−/− mice (age, 8 weeks) were selected and divided into two groups: The normal control group (n=12) and the modeling group (n=36). In the modeling group, mice were fed a high-fat diet and were maintained in an artificial climate box, in order to stimulate the climate and eating habit characteristics of Xinjiang. Every morning, ApoE−/− mice in the modeling group were placed in the artificial climate box at 10:00 am and were taken out at 09:00 pm and placed back in the room temperature environment. The temperature of the artificial climate box was set at 6±2°C, relative humidity was controlled at 25–32.8% and the light-dark cycle was 12 h/day. The purpose of this method was to establish the Huizhuo Tanzu type atherosclerosis model. Following successful generation of the model, mice in the modeling group were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n=10), Tianxiangdan group (n=10) and atorvastatin group (n=10). After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in each group were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK in aortic tissue were detected. The results indicated that the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in mice in the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), whereas the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were lower in the Tianxiangdan and atorvastatin groups compared with in the model group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein were higher in aortic tissues from the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), p-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein expression was reduced in the atorvastatin and Tianxiangdan groups compared with in the model group. The present study indicated that the mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis may be as follows: Tianxiangdan Granule may decrease the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and suppress activation of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Sun
- Coronary Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Gu-Lijiamali Niyazi
- Rehabilitation Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Wei Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Astragalus membranaceus-Polysaccharides Ameliorates Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis, Neuroinflammation and Cognition Impairment without Affecting Amyloid Deposition in Metabolically Stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122746. [PMID: 29258283 PMCID: PMC5751345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening the host defense system. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides is an effective component with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. In the present study, we determine the effects of Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides on metabolically stressed transgenic mice in order to develop this macromolecules for treatment of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease with metabolic risk factors. Transgenic mice, at 10 weeks old prior to the appearance of senile plaques, were treated in combination of administrating high-fat diet and injecting low-dose streptozotocin to create the metabolically stressed mice model. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides was administrated starting at 14 weeks for 7 weeks. We found that Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides reduced metabolic stress-induced increase of body weight, insulin and insulin and leptin level, insulin resistance, and hepatic triglyceride. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides also ameliorated metabolic stress-exacerbated oral glucose intolerance, although the fasting blood glucose was only temporally reduced. In brain, metabolic stress-elicited astrogliosis and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques was also diminished by Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides administration. The plaque deposition, however, was not significantly affected by Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides administration. These findings suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides may be used to ameliorate metabolic stress-induced diabesity and the subsequent neuroinflammation, which improved the behavior performance in metabolically stressed transgenic mice.
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Ren Z, Qin T, Qiu F, Song Y, Lin D, Ma Y, Li J, Huang Y. Immunomodulatory effects of hydroxyethylated Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide on macrophages RAW264.7. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:879-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu P, Zhao H, Luo Y. Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic. Aging Dis 2017; 8:868-886. [PMID: 29344421 PMCID: PMC5758356 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy and the Family Planning program of the 1970s - 1990s, China is rapidly becoming an aging society. Therefore, the investigation of healthspan-extending drugs becomes more urgent. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) is a major medicinal herb that has been commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders, or marketed as life-prolonging extracts for human use in China, for more than 2000 years. The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Pharmacological research indicates that the extract component of Astragalus membranaceus can increase telomerase activity, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, expectorant, and diuretic effects. A proprietary extract of the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus, called TA-65, was associated with a significant age-reversal effect in the immune system. Our review focuses on the function and the underlying mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus in lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer effects, based on experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 1Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Hamid M, Liu D, Abdulrahim Y, Liu Y, Qian G, Khan A, Gan F, Huang K. Amelioration of CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by selenizing Astragalus polysaccharides: Role of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and hepatic stellate cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Astragalus Polysaccharide Protect against Cadmium-Induced Cytotoxicity through the MDA5/NF-κB Pathway in Chicken Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101610. [PMID: 28946702 PMCID: PMC6151836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known environmental pollutant that is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a major component of Astragalus membranaceus, a vital qi-reinforcing herb medicine with favorable immuneregulation properties. To study the effect of APS on the inhibition of the cadmium-induced injury of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in chickens through the MDA5/NF-κB signaling pathway, PLBs acquired from 15-day-old chickens were divided into control group, Cd group, APS + Cd group, anti-MDA5 mAb + Cd group, BAY 11-7082 (a nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB] inhibitor) +Cd group, APS group, anti-MDA5 mAb group, and BAY 11-7082 group. The transcription levels of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), interferon promoter-stimulating factor 1 (IPS-1), NF-κB, and inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. MDA5 protein expression was measured by western blotting. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by corresponding antioxidant kit. The morphological change of PBLs was measured by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that Cd significantly increased the expression of MDA5, IPS-1, NF-κB, and their downstream cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, IL-6 in PLBs. In addition, a high level of MDA was observed in the Cd treatment group; the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly lower in the Cd treatment group than those in controls (p < 0.05). Ultrastructural changes of PBLs showed that Cd promoted autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis in PBLs. However, APS can efficiently improve Cd-induced cell damage by decreasing the activation of the MDA5 signaling pathway. The effect is consistent with that of anti-MDA5 mAb or/and BAY. The results indicated that APS inhibited Cd-induced cytotoxicity through the regulation of MDA5/NF-κB signaling.
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