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Câmara JS, Perestrelo R, Ferreira R, Berenguer CV, Pereira JAM, Castilho PC. Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Plethora of Bioactive Compounds with Several Health Functions and Industrial Applications-A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:3861. [PMID: 39202940 PMCID: PMC11357518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large class of natural secondary plant metabolites which are highly diverse in structure, formed from isoprene units (C-5), associated with a wide range of biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, antimetastatic, antiangiogenesis, and apoptosis induction, and are considered for potential application in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. In plants, terpenoids exert a variety of basic functions in growth and development. This review gives an overview, highlighting the current knowledge of terpenoids and recent advances in our understanding of the organization, regulation, and diversification of core and specialized terpenoid metabolic pathways and addressing the most important functions of volatile and non-volatile specialized terpenoid metabolites in plants. A comprehensive description of different aspects of plant-derived terpenoids as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, their biosynthetic pathway, the several biological properties attributed to these secondary metabolites associated with health-promoting effects, and their potential industrial applications in several fields will be provided, and emerging and green extraction methods will also be discussed. In addition, future research perspectives within this framework will be highlighted. Literature selection was carried out using the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, and international reference data for the period from 2010 to 2024 using the keyword "terpenoids". A total of 177,633 published papers were found, of which 196 original and review papers were included in this review according to the criteria of their scientific reliability, their completeness, and their relevance to the theme considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Rui Ferreira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Cristina V. Berenguer
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Soni AG, Verma A, Joshi R, Shah K, Soni D, Kaur CD, Saraf S, Chauhan NS. Phytoactive drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03243-z. [PMID: 38940847 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia is increasing worldwide, and finding effective treatments for these conditions is a major public health challenge. Natural bioactive drugs have been identified as a promising source of potential treatments, due to their ability to target multiple pathways and their low toxicity. This paper reviews the current state of research on natural bioactive drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The paper summarizes the findings of studies on various natural compounds, including curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine, genistein, quercetin, GinkoBiloba, Withaniasomnifera, Ginseng Brahmi, Giloy, and huperzine, and their effects on cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-beta accumulation. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action involved in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with developing natural bioactive drugs for dementia treatment, including issues related to bioavailability and standardization. Finally, the paper suggests directions for future research in this area, including the need for more rigorous clinical trials and the development of novel delivery systems to improve the efficacy of natural bioactive drugs. Overall, this review highlights the potential of natural bioactive drugs as a promising avenue for the development of safe and effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshita Gupta Soni
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Astha Verma
- ShriRawatpuraSarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Renjil Joshi
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, (U.P.), India
| | - Deependra Soni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MATS University Campus, Aarang, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Chanchal Deep Kaur
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Tripathi PN, Lodhi A, Rai SN, Nandi NK, Dumoga S, Yadav P, Tiwari AK, Singh SK, El-Shorbagi ANA, Chaudhary S. Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:47-74. [PMID: 38784601 PMCID: PMC11114142 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s452009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. While there is currently no cure for AD, several pharmacotherapeutic targets and management strategies have been explored. Additionally, traditional medicinal plants have gained attention for their potential role in AD management. Pharmacotherapeutic targets in AD include amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction. Traditional medicinal plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Huperzia serrata, Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Panax ginseng, have demonstrated the ability to modulate these targets through their bioactive compounds. Ginkgo biloba, for instance, contains flavonoids and terpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing Aβ deposition and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Huperzia serrata, a natural source of huperzine A, has acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties, thus improving cholinergic function. Curcuma longa, enriched with curcumin, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, potentially mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Panax ginseng's ginsenosides have shown neuroprotective and anti-amyloidogenic properties. The investigation of traditional medicinal plants as a complementary approach to AD management offers several advantages, including a lower risk of adverse effects and potential multi-target interactions. Furthermore, the cultural knowledge and utilization of these plants provide a rich source of information for the development of new therapies. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, standardize preparations, and assess the safety and efficacy of these natural remedies. Integrating traditional medicinal-plant-based therapies with modern pharmacotherapies may hold the key to a more comprehensive and effective approach to AD treatment. This review aims to explore the pharmacotherapeutic targets in AD and assess the potential of traditional medicinal plants in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Lodhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdel-Nasser A El-Shorbagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Almehizia AA, Aboulthana WM, Naglah AM, Hassan AS. In vitro biological studies and computational prediction-based analyses of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8397-8408. [PMID: 38476172 PMCID: PMC10928850 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new pharmaceutical discoveries from bioactive nitrogenous derivatives due to the emergence of scourges, numerous pandemics, and diverse health problems. In this context, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives 12a and 12b were synthesized and screened to evaluate their biological potentials in vitro as antioxidants, anti-diabetics, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritics, and anti-cancer agents. Additionally, the computational pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the two pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 12a and 12b were calculated and analyzed. The preliminary studies and results of this work represent the initial steps toward more advanced studies and define the bioactive chemical structure of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives with the goal of exploring new drugs to address numerous health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki 12662 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki 12622 Cairo Egypt
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Sandhu M, Irfan HM, Arshad L, Ullah A, Shah SA, Ali H. Friedelin and Glutinol induce neuroprotection against ethanol induced neurotoxicity in pup's brain through reduction of TNF-α, NF-kB, caspase-3 and PARP-1. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:274-281. [PMID: 37939858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol administration triggers an inflammatory response that leads to a complex series of immune responses including the release of an excessive amount of inflammatory mediators particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-KB) which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. The inflammatory-induced cytotoxicity is increased when the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway is inhibited. Some studies have also shown that ethanol suppresses the PI3-kinase signaling pathway induced by receptor activation. Friedelin and Glutinol belong to pentacyclic triterpenoid class and are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effects of these phytoconstituents on one of the key ethanol-induced neuronal damage pathways. The pups having (5-7 g average body weight) were used and randomly divided into groups. The control and ethanol treated pups were administered 0.9% normal saline while treated pups received glutinol and friedelin (30 mg/kg subcutaneously) respectively. After four hours all the experimental animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected carefully for protein expression analysis of p-Akt, TNF-α, NF-KB, caspase-3 and PARP-1 employing immunoblotting technique. Hemolytic, DNA protection, chelating power and β-carotene assays results revealed that freidelin and glutinol are safe for parenteral administration. Glutinol administration with ethanol significantly abridged the ethanol induced over expression of TNF-α, caspase-3 and PARP-1 in pup's brain. Similarly, freidelin attenuated the neurodegeneration by inhibiting the ethanol induced p-JNK and NF-kB expression in pups' brain. This protection may be attributed to the revival of p-Akt signaling for cell survival. It is concluded that the present study demonstrates the neuro-protective effects of friedelin and glutinol via modulating the capase-3 and PARP-1 expression and modulating the neuronal apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marva Sandhu
- College of pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; Drugs control and traditional medicines division, NIH Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Laiba Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozpur Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Saba Medical Center, P.O. Box 20316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Pakistan; Neuro Molecular Medicines Research Center (NMMRC), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Drugs control and traditional medicines division, NIH Islamabad, Pakistan
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Aydin T, Saglamtas R, Gumustas M, Genisel M, Kazaz C, Cakir A. Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas, a New Herbal Source for Ursolic Acid: Quantitative Analysis, Purification and Bioactivity Studies. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300414. [PMID: 37338138 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methanol, ethanol, methanol-dichloromethane (1 : 1, v/v), acetone, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, and chloroform extracts of lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas) were prepared by maceration, and the ursolic acid contents in the extracts were determined quantitatively by HPLC analyses. The present results show that the methanol-dichloromethane (1 : 1, v/v) solvent system is the most efficient solvent system for the extraction of ursolic acid from the plant sample with the highest yield (2.22 g/100 g plant sample). In the present study, a new practical method for the isolation of ursolic acid from polar extracts was also demonstrated for the first time. The inhibition effects of the extracts and ursolic acid were also revealed on α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and human carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes by determining IC50 values for the first time. The extracts and ursolic acid acted as potent antidiabetic agents by strongly inhibiting the α-glycosidase activity, whereas they were found to be very weak neuroprotective agents. In view of the present results, L. stoechas and its major metabolite, ursolic acid, can be recommended as a herbal source to control postprandial blood sugar levels and prevent diabetes by delaying the digestion of starch in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Aydin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
| | - Ruya Saglamtas
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Pediatric Cardiology Department, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, 34000, Türkiye
| | - Mucip Genisel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, 04100, Türkiye
| | - Cavit Kazaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25000, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cakir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, 79000, Türkiye
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Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Gonzalez-Figueroa I, Alvarez-Berríos MP. Chaperone Activity and Protective Effect against Aβ-Induced Cytotoxicity of Artocarpus camansi Blanco and Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell Seed Protein Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:820. [PMID: 37375767 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is listed as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. Recent findings have linked AD to the aggregation of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), a proteolytic fragment of 39-43 amino acid residues derived from the amyloid precursor protein. AD has no cure; thus, new therapies to stop the progression of this deadly disease are constantly being searched for. In recent years, chaperone-based medications from medicinal plants have gained significant interest as an anti-AD therapy. Chaperones are responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape of proteins and play an important role against neurotoxicity induced by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, we hypothesized that proteins extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus camansi Blanco (A. camansi) and Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell (A. dubius) could possess chaperone activity and consequently may exhibit a protective effect against Aβ1-40-induced cytotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, the chaperone activity of these protein extracts was measured using the enzymatic reaction of citrate synthase (CS) under stress conditions. Then, their ability to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ1-40 using a thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and DLS measurements was determined. Finally, the neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-40 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was evaluated. Our results demonstrated that A. camansi and A. dubius protein extracts exhibited chaperone activity and inhibited Aβ1-40 fibril formation, with A. dubius showing the highest chaperone activity and inhibition at the concentration assessed. Additionally, both protein extracts showed neuroprotective effects against Aβ1-40-induced toxicity. Overall, our data demonstrated that the plant-based proteins studied in this research work can effectively overcome one of the most important characteristics of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, PR 00715-1602, USA
| | - Idsa Gonzalez-Figueroa
- Department of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, PR 00715-1602, USA
| | - Merlis P Alvarez-Berríos
- Department of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, PR 00715-1602, USA
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de Oliveira LMG, Carreira RB, de Oliveira JVR, do Nascimento RP, Dos Santos Souza C, Trias E, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. Impact of Plant-Derived Compounds on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:288-309. [PMID: 36800114 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal illness characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Conventional therapies for ALS are based on treatment of symptoms, and the disease remains incurable. Molecular mechanisms are unclear, but studies have been pointing to involvement of glia, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity as a key factor. Nowadays, we have few treatments for this disease that only delays death, but also does not stop the neurodegenerative process. These treatments are based on glutamate blockage (riluzole), tyrosine kinase inhibition (masitinib), and antioxidant activity (edaravone). In the past few years, plant-derived compounds have been studied for neurodegenerative disorder therapies based on neuroprotection and glial cell response. In this review, we describe mechanisms of action of natural compounds associated with neuroprotective effects, and the possibilities for new therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Matheus Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barreto Carreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Juciele Valeria Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
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He M, Park C, Shin Y, Kim J, Cho E. N-Feruloyl Serotonin Attenuates Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Aβ 25-35-Treated Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041610. [PMID: 36838597 PMCID: PMC9963151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition have been identified as a critical feature in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a series of functional alterations including neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. N-feruloyl serotonin (FS) is a plant-derived component that exerts antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on Aβ25-35-treated neuronal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The radical scavenging activities increased with the concentration of FS, exhibiting in vitro antioxidant activity. The Aβ25-35-treated SH-SY5Y cells exerted neuronal cell injury by decreased cell viability and elevated reactive oxygen species, but that was recovered by FS treatment. In addition, treatment of FS increased anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and decreased the pro-apoptotic factor Bcl-2-associated X protein. The FS attenuated Aβ-stimulated neuronal apoptosis by regulations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, activated CREB-BDNF signaling was observed by the treatment of FS in Aβ25-35-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that FS shows potential neuroprotective effects on Aβ25-35-induced neuronal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and suggest that FS may be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong He
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhum Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Research Institute of Medical-Bio Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusu Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eunju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (E.C.)
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11
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Reguigui A, Ott PG, Darcsi A, Bakonyi J, Romdhane M, Móricz ÁM. Nine-dimensional bioprofiles of Tunisian sages (Salvia officinalis, S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography - effect-directed analyses. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463704. [PMID: 36528897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate extracts of Tunisian Salvia aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca aerial parts and S. officinalis leaves were examined via bioanalytical profiling using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with nine bioactivity assays, namely antibacterial (Aliivibrio fischeri, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodococcus fascians), antifungal (Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium avenaceum), radical scavenging (DPPH•), and enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and lipase) ones. The screening, using toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol 6:3:0.5 (V/V/V) as a mobile phase, revealed five bioactive zones (a-e) that were analyzed by HPTLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Zones b and c, observed exclusively in S. officinalis, were active in all assays except α-glucosidase, and only c inhibited F. avenaceum. Compounds in these zones were identified by HPLC-high resolution tandem MS (LC-HRMS/MS) as rosmanol/epi-rosmanol and methyl carnosate, respectively. In the bioactive zones a and e, corosolic/maslinic acid and ursolic/oleanolic acid isomer pairs were present, which could be identified in all three Salvia species after their HPTLC separation using pre-chromatographic derivatization with iodine and MS detection. The triterpenes inhibited B. subtilis and R. fascians bacteria and α-glucosidase enzyme. Linoleic and linolenic acids were detected in zone d, which showed strong lipase inhibition in all three sage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Reguigui
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary; Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Péter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - András Darcsi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Department, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Szabolcs Str. 33, Budapest 1135, Hungary
| | - József Bakonyi
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Mehrez Romdhane
- Energy, Water, Environment and Process Laboratory, (LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Ágnes M Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
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12
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Yılmaz ŞG, Almasri S, Karabulut YY, Korkmaz M, Bucak Ö, Balcı SO. Okadaic Acid-Induced Alzheimer's in Rat Brain: Phytochemical Cucurbitacin E Contributes to Memory Gain by Reducing TAU Protein Accumulation. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:34-44. [PMID: 36594931 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, with hallmark pathologies related to amyloid beta (Aβ) and TAU. Natural phytochemicals show promise for drug discovery to fill the current therapeutic innovation gap in AD. This study investigated the effect of cucurbitacin E (CuE), one of the bioactive components of Ecballium elaterium, on TAU fibril formation in okadaic acid-induced AD in rats. In a randomized design, we assigned 30 female Sprague Dawley rats to one of five experimental groups: (1) control, (2) stereotaxic surgery, (3) stereotaxic surgery + artificial cerebrospinal fluid, (4) stereotaxic surgery + okadaic acid (AD model), and (5) stereotaxic surgery + okadaic acid + CuE treatment. For experimental groups 4 and 5, rats were administered OKA-ICV (200 ng/kg) followed by CuE (4 mg/[kg·day], intraperitoneally) for 20 days. Expression of the MAPK1/3 and MAPK14 genes associated with TAU metabolism, hippocampal protein levels of these genes, cognitive functions of the rats, and histological accumulation of TAU in the brain were evaluated. Our findings in this preclinical model collectively suggest that phytochemical CuE contributes to memory gain by reducing TAU protein accumulation, which warrants further evaluation in future in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenay Görücü Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Salam Almasri
- Department of Biochemistry Science and Technology, Gaziantep University, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Öznur Bucak
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sibel Oğuzkan Balcı
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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13
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Alizade S, Faramarzi M, Banitalebi E, Saghaei E. Effect of resistance and endurance training with ursolic acid on oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in hippocampal tissue in HFD/STZ-induced aged diabetic rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1449-1459. [PMID: 37970434 PMCID: PMC10634045 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.71230.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The increase in age-related cognitive impairment (CIs) and diabetes mellitus is a global health concern. Exercise training has been reported to activate the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling and enhance the antioxidant defense pathways in some animal models. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) associated with resistance or endurance training on antioxidant markers, and the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway in the brain of older diabetic rats. Materials and Methods 23-month-aged diabetes induced male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=8). UA supplementation (250 mg/kg, daily) was administered along with resistance (60% maximum capacity of voluntary carrying [MVCC], 14-20 climbs) or endurance training (60-75% velocity at maximal oxygen uptake [vVO2max]), five days/week for eight weeks. Cognitive-motor functioning was assessed through open-field and passive avoidance response tests. Nrf2, Keap1, and antioxidant markers including SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH were measured in the hippocampus tissue. Results The results showed positive effect of resistance training (P≤0.001) on Nrf2. There was endurance training with supplementation main effect (P=0.018) on Keap1 concentration. SOD revealed a significant endurance/resistance training by supplementation interaction effect (P≤0.05); however, there was no main training or UA supplementation effects on CAT, GPx, and GSH, despite improving spatial memory changes in exercise or UA groups. Conclusion It appears that UA treatment with resistance or endurance exercise has some beneficial effects on Nrf2 and some antioxidant markers. However, more research is needed to elucidate UA's interaction effects and exercise interventions in diabetic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Alizade
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Elham Saghaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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14
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Refaey MS, Shah MA, Fayed MA, Rasul A, Siddiqui MF, Qasim M, Althobaiti NA, Saleem U, Malik A, Blundell R, Eldahshan OA. Neuroprotective effects of steroids. PHYTONUTRIENTS AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 2023:283-304. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824467-8.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Xu B, Bai L, Chen L, Tong R, Feng Y, Shi J. Terpenoid natural products exert neuroprotection via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036506. [PMCID: PMC9606746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/Akt, an essential signaling pathway widely present in cells, has been shown to be relevant to neurological disorders. As an important class of natural products, terpenoids exist in large numbers and have diverse backbones, so they have a great chance to be identified as neuroprotective agents. In this review, we described and summarized recent research for a range of terpenoid natural products associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway by classifying their basic chemical structures of the terpenes, identified by electronic searches on PubMed, Web of Science for research, and Google Scholar websites. Only articles published in English were included. Our discussion here concerned 16 natural terpenoids and their mechanisms of action, the associated diseases, and the methods of experimentation used. We also reviewed the discovery of their chemical structures and their derivatives, and some compounds have been concluded for their structure–activity relationships (SAR). As a result, terpenoids are excellent candidates for research as natural neuroprotective agents, and our content will provide a stepping stone for further research into these natural products. It may be possible for more terpenoids to serve as neuroprotective agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Xu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
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16
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Zheng C, Yang C, Gao D, Zhang L, Li Y, Li L, Zhang L. Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Alleviates Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Response via the NLRP3/Calpain Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11967-11980. [PMID: 36104266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is associated with cerebral hypoperfusion, which results in long-term cognitive impairment and memory loss. Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) is the major active constituent isolated from the ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis. Previous studies have shown that CIG enhances neurological function in VaD rats. In the present research, we attempted to clarify the molecular processes underlying the role of CIG in neuroinflammation in VaD. We created a chronic cerebral ischemia rat model by ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) and then treated rats with different concentrations of CIG. Comprehensive analyses revealed that CIG ameliorated myelin integrity and neuronal loss. Furthermore, we also found that CIG inhibited polarized microglia activation and attenuated inflammasome-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia cells induced by LPS/IFN-γ and in the brains of 2VO rats. To further elucidate the role of CIG in microglia-mediated inflammatory response, we investigated the expression and activity of calpain. CIG inhibited the expression and activity of calpain 1/2, which was characterized by decreased calpastatin and spectrin αII expression. In particular, intra- and extracellular calpain 1 levels were reduced by CIG. However, CIG showed weak interaction with calpain 1. In addition, we found that CG administration significantly repressed the assembly of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. In conclusion, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which CIG regulates NLRP3/calpain signaling to influence inflammatory responses offers further insights into potential therapeutic strategies to treat VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengceng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cuicui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
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17
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Anti-Alzheimer's disease potential of traditional chinese medicinal herbs as inhibitors of BACE1 and AChE enzymes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113576. [PMID: 36007279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in the elderly population. At present, most drugs for AD on the market are single-target drugs, which have achieved certain success in the treatment of AD. However, the efficacy and safety of single-target drugs have not achieved the expected results because AD is a multifactorial disease. Multi-targeted drugs act on multiple factors of the disease network to improve efficacy and reduce adverse reactions. Therefore, the search for effective dual-target or even multi-target drugs has become a new research trend. Many of results found that the dual-target inhibitors of the beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) found from traditional Chinese medicine have a good inhibitory effect on AD with fewer side effects. This article reviews sixty-six compounds extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs, which have inhibitory activity on BACE1 and AChE. This provides a theoretical basis for the further development of these compounds as dual-target inhibitors for the treatment of AD.
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18
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Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Suitability of Banana and Plantain Fruits in Modulating Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implicating the In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence from Neuroactive Narratives of Constituent Biomolecules. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152263. [PMID: 35954031 PMCID: PMC9367880 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Active principles in plant-based foods, especially staple fruits, such as bananas and plantains, possess inter-related anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, and neuromodulatory activities. Neurodegenerative diseases affect the functionality of the central and peripheral nervous system, with attendant cognitive deficits being hallmarks of these conditions. The dietary constitution of a wide range of bioactive compounds identified in this review further iterates the significance of the banana and plantain in compromising, halting, or preventing the pathological mechanisms of neurological disorders. The neuroprotective mechanisms of these biomolecules have been identified by using protein expression regulation and specific gene/pathway targeting, such as the nuclear and tumor necrosis factors, extracellular signal-regulated and mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein. This review establishes the potential double-edged neuro-pharmacological fingerprints of banana and plantain fruits in their traditionally consumed pulp and less utilized peel component for human nutrition.
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Assessments of Ceanothanes Triterpenes as Cholinesterase Inhibitors: An Investigation of Potential Agents with Novel Inspiration for Drug Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070668. [PMID: 35888792 PMCID: PMC9318782 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory capacity of ceanothanes triterpenes isolate from Chilean Rhamnaceae on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Seven ceanothanes triterpenes were isolated from aerial parts of plant material by classical phytochemical methods or prepared by the hemisynthetic method. Structures were determined by the spectroscopic method (1H-NMR and 13C NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). AChE and BChE activity were determined by the Ellmann method for all compounds. All tested compounds exerted a greater affinity to AChE than to BChE, where compound 3 has an IC50 of 0.126 uM for AChE and of >500 uM to BChE. Kinetic studies indicated that its inhibition was competitive and reversible. According to the molecular coupling and displacement studies of the propidium iodide test, the inhibitory effect of compound 3 would be produced by interaction with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. The compounds tested (1−7) showed an important inhibitory activity of AChE, binding to PAS. Therefore, inhibitors that bind to PAS would prevent the formation of the AChE-Aβ complex, constituting a new alternative in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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20
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Zhang ZP, Bai X, Cui WB, Chen XH, Liu X, Zhi DJ, Zhang ZX, Fei DQ, Wang DS. Diterpenoid Caesalmin C Delays Aβ-Induced Paralysis Symptoms via the DAF-16 Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126871. [PMID: 35743309 PMCID: PMC9225120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. However, there is no effective drug to cure it. Caesalmin C is a cassane-type diterpenoid abundant in Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn.) Roxb. In this study, we investigated the effect of caesalmin C on Aβ-induced toxicity and possible mechanisms in the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans AD model. Our results showed that caesalmin C significantly alleviated the Aβ-induced paralysis phenotype in transgenic CL4176 strain C. elegans. Caesalmin C dramatically reduced the content of Aβ monomers, oligomers, and deposited spots in AD C. elegans. In addition, mRNA levels of sod-3, gst-4, and rpt-3 were up-regulated, and mRNA levels of ace-1 were down-regulated in nematodes treated with caesalmin C. The results of the RNAi assay showed that the inhibitory effect of caesalmin C on the nematode paralysis phenotype required the DAF-16 signaling pathway, but not SKN-1 and HSF-1. Further evidence suggested that caesalmin C may also have the effect of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and upregulating proteasome activity. These findings suggest that caesalmin C delays the progression of AD in C. elegans via the DAF-16 signaling pathway and that it could be developed into a promising medication to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Wen-Bo Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - De-Juan Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
| | - Zhan-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong-Qing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (D.-Q.F.); (D.-S.W.)
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.-P.Z.); (X.B.); (W.-B.C.); (X.-H.C.); (X.L.); (D.-J.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.-Q.F.); (D.-S.W.)
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Bhat BA, Almilaibary A, Mir RA, Aljarallah BM, Mir WR, Ahmad F, Mir MA. Natural Therapeutics in Aid of Treating Alzheimer's Disease: A Green Gateway Toward Ending Quest for Treating Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884345. [PMID: 35651632 PMCID: PMC9149276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scientific community is facing a daunting challenge to unravel reliable natural compounds with realistic potential to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reported compounds/drugs mostly synthetic deemed the reliability and therapeutic potential largely due to their complexity and off-target issues. The natural products from nutraceutical compounds emerge as viable preventive therapeutics to fill the huge gap in treating neurological disorders. Considering that Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease, natural compounds offer the advantage of a multitarget approach, tagging different molecular sites in the human brain, as compared with the single-target activity of most of the drugs so far used to treat Alzheimer's disease. A wide range of plant extracts and phytochemicals reported to possess the therapeutic potential to Alzheimer's disease includes curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, delphinidins, quercetin, luteolin, oleocanthal, and other phytochemicals such as huperzine A, limonoids, and azaphilones. Reported targets of these natural compounds include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, amyloid senile plaques, oxidation products, inflammatory pathways, specific brain receptors, etc. We tenaciously aimed to review the in-depth potential of natural products and their therapeutic applications against Alzheimer's disease, with a special focus on a diversity of medicinal plants and phytocompounds and their mechanism of action against Alzheimer's disease pathologies. We strongly believe that the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents alone or in combination with other compounds would be effective treatments against Alzheimer's disease with lesser side effects as compared to currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University Alaqiq, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Badr M. Aljarallah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajahat R. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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22
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Cannabis terpenes display variable protective and anti-aggregatory actions against neurotoxic β amyloid in vitro: highlighting the protective bioactivity of α-bisabolol in motorneuronal-like NSC-34 cells. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:81-87. [PMID: 35278524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenes form a diverse class of naturally occurring chemicals ascribed various biological activities. Cannabis contains over 400 different terpenes of varying chemical complexity which may add to the known biological activities of phytocannabinoids of relevance to the increasing use of medical cannabis; however, to date have been incompletely characterized. We assessed three terpenes predominant in cannabis: α-bisabolol, myrcene and β-caryophyllene for neuroprotective and anti-aggregative properties in both undifferentiated and differentiated NSC-34 motorneuronal-like cells as a sensitive model for neurotoxicity to oxidative stress and amyloid β (Aβ1-42) protein exposure. METHODS Cell viability was assessed biochemically using the MTT assay in the presence of either α-bisabolol, myrcene and β-caryophyllene (1-1000µM) for 48hr. Sub-toxic threshold test concentrations of each terpene were then applied to cells, alone or with concomitant incubation with the lipid peroxidant tert-butyl hyrdroperoxide (t-BHP) or amyloid β (Aβ1-42; 0-1µM) to assess neuroprotective effects. Direct effects of each terpene on Aβ fibril formation and aggregation were also evaluated using the Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorometric kinetic assay, circular dichroism and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualise fibril and aggregate morphology. RESULTS Terpenes were intrinsically benign to NSC-34 cells up to 100µM. No significant antioxidant effects were observed following t-BHP administration with myrcene and β-caryophyllene, however α-bisabolol provided a modest but significant increase in cell viability in undifferentiated cells. α-bisabolol also demonstrated a significant neuroprotective effect against amyloid β exposure, with β-caryophyllene also providing a lesser, but significant increase in cell viability. Protective effects of terpenes were more pronounced in undifferentiated versus differentiated cells, attributable more so to an attenuated loss of cell viability in response to Aβ1-42 following NSC-34 cell differentiation. Neuroprotection was associated with a direct inhibition of Aβ1-42 fibril and aggregate density, evidenced by both attenuated ThT fluorescence kinetics and both spectral and microscopic evidence of altered and diminished density of Aβ aggregates. While myrcene and β-caryophyllene also elicited reductions in ThT fluorescence and alterations in Aβ aggregation, these were less well associated with neuroprotective capacity. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a neuroprotective role of α-bisabolol against Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity associated with an inhibition of Aβ fibrillization and modest antioxidant effect against lipid peroxidation, while β-caryophyllene also provided a small but significant measure of protection to Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity. Anti-aggregatory effects were not directly correlated with neuroprotective efficacy. This demonstrates that bioactivity of selected terpenes should be a consideration in the emergent use of medicinal cannabis formulations for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Myrtenal in an Experimental Model of Dementia Induced in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020374. [PMID: 35204256 PMCID: PMC8869161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing attention on natural substances capable of stimulating the cholinergic system and of exerting antioxidant effects, as potential therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expected neuroprotective mechanisms of myrtenal (M) in an experimental model of dementia in rats. Dementia was induced in male Wistar rats by scopolamine (Sc) administration (0.1 mg/kg for 8 days and 20.0 mg/kg on day 9). The animals were divided into 5 groups (1) Controls; (2) Sc; (3) Sc + Myrtenal (40 mg/kg), (4) Sc + Galantamine (1 mg/kg); (5) Sc + Lipoic acid (30 mg/kg). Changes in recognition memory and habituation were evaluated via the Novel Object Recognition and Open Field tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, ACh levels, and changes in oxidative status of the brain were measured biochemically. The histological changes in two brain regions—cortex and hippocampus, were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Myrtenal improved recognition memory and habituation, exerted antioxidant effects and significantly increased ACh brain levels. Histologically, the neuroprotective capacity of myrtenal was also confirmed. For the first time, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of myrtenal in an experimental model of dementia. Our study provides proof-of-concept for the testing of myrtenal, in association with standard of care treatments, in patients affected by cognitive decline.
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The Use of Bioactive Compounds in Hyperglycemia- and Amyloid Fibrils-Induced Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020235. [PMID: 35213966 PMCID: PMC8879577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that defective insulin signaling may increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), influence neurodegeneration through promotion of amyloid formation or by increasing inflammatory responses to intraneuronal β-amyloid. Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia is linked to cognitive decline, with elevated levels of glucose causing oxidative stress in vulnerable tissues such as the brain. The ability of β-amyloid peptide to form β-sheet-rich aggregates and induce apoptosis has made amyloid fibrils a leading target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies used in managing and treatment of neuropathological conditions such as AD-related cognitive decline. Additionally, deposits of β-sheets folded amylin, a glucose homeostasis regulator, are also present in diabetic patients. Thus, therapeutic compounds capable of reducing intracellular protein aggregation in models of neurodegenerative disorders may prove useful in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms. Furthermore, both diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as AD, are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses accompanied by the presence of dysregulated inflammatory biomarkers. This review presents current evidence describing the role of various small bioactive molecules known to ameliorate amyloidosis and subsequent effects in prevention and development of diabetes and AD. It also highlights the potential efficacy of peptide–drug conjugates capable of targeting intracellular targets.
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Wang XD, Liu S, Lu H, Guan Y, Wu H, Ji Y. Analysis of Shared Genetic Regulatory Networks for Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6692974. [PMID: 34697589 PMCID: PMC8538392 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy are neurological disorders that affect a large cohort of people worldwide. Although both of the two diseases could be influenced by genetic factors, the shared genetic mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of them is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the shared genetic networks and corresponding hub genes for AD and epilepsy. Firstly, the gene coexpression modules (GCMs) were constructed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and 16 GCMs were identified. Through further integration of GCMs, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), 4 shared GCMs of AD and epilepsy were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to analyze the shared biological processes of these GCMs and explore the functional overlaps between these two diseases. The results showed that the genes in shared GCMs were significantly enriched in nervous system-related pathways, such as Alzheimer's disease and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. Furthermore, the hub genes of AD- and epilepsy-associated GCMs were captured by weighted key driver analysis (wKDA), including TRPC1, C2ORF40, NR3C1, KIAA0368, MMT00043109, STEAP1, MSX1, KL, and CLIC6. The shared GCMs and hub genes might provide novel therapeutic targets for AD and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yalin Guan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
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Siddiqui A, Shah Z, Jahan RN, Othman I, Kumari Y. Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112250. [PMID: 34607104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The resin/gum of Boswellia species belonging to the family of Burseraceae is a naturally occurring mixture of bioactive compounds, which was traditionally used as a folk medicine to treat conditions like chronic inflammation. Several research studies have also explored its' therapeutic potential against multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main chemical constituents of this gum include boswellic acids (BAs) like 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid (AKBA) that possess potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in AD. It is also involved in inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cholinergic pathway and improve choline levels as well as its binding with nicotinic receptors to produce anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple shreds of evidence have demonstrated that BAs modulate key molecular targets and signalling pathways like 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, Nrf2, NF-kB, cholinergic, amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formation (NFTs) that are involved in AD progression. The present review focuses on the possible mechanistic therapeutic role of BAs in modulating the 5-LOX/COX pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism, activating Nrf2 through binding of ARE, inhibiting NF-kB and AChE activity. In addition, an inhibition of amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in AD by BAs is also discussed in this review. We have also highlighted that BAs possess beneficial effects in AD by targeting multiple molecular pathways and makes it an emerging drug candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqui
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo 43614, OH, USA
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neurological disorder and aging research group (NDA), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Guo YX, Zhang Y, Gao YH, Deng SY, Wang LM, Li CQ, Li X. Role of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Review of the Treatment Potential and Development Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639651. [PMID: 34262447 PMCID: PMC8273381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is mainly mediated by pathological T-cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-known animal model of MS that is used to study the underlying mechanism and offers a theoretical basis for developing a novel therapy for MS. Good therapeutic effects have been observed after the administration of natural compounds and their derivatives as treatments for EAE. However, there has been a severe lag in the research and development of drug mechanisms related to MS. This review examines natural products that have the potential to effectively treat MS. The relevant data were consulted in order to elucidate the regulated mechanisms acting upon EAE by the flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids derived from natural products. In addition, novel technologies such as network pharmacology, molecular docking, and high-throughput screening have been gradually applied in natural product development. The information provided herein can help improve targeting and timeliness for determining the specific mechanisms involved in natural medicine treatment and lay a foundation for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Han Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Ying Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Gudoityte E, Arandarcikaite O, Mazeikiene I, Bendokas V, Liobikas J. Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids: Plant Metabolites with Neuroprotective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4599. [PMID: 33925641 PMCID: PMC8124962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic and oleanolic acids are secondary plant metabolites that are known to be involved in the plant defence system against water loss and pathogens. Nowadays these triterpenoids are also regarded as potential pharmaceutical compounds and there is mounting experimental data that either purified compounds or triterpenoid-enriched plant extracts exert various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, on model systems of both human or animal origin. Some of those effects have been linked to the ability of ursolic and oleanolic acids to modulate intracellular antioxidant systems and also inflammation and cell death-related pathways. Therefore, our aim was to review current studies on the distribution of ursolic and oleanolic acids in plants, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of these triterpenoids and their derivatives, and to discuss their neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Gudoityte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.G.); (O.A.)
- Celignis Limited, Unit 11 Holland Road, Plassey Technology Park Castletroy, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Odeta Arandarcikaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.G.); (O.A.)
| | - Ingrida Mazeikiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania;
| | - Vidmantas Bendokas
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Akademija, LT-58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania;
| | - Julius Liobikas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.G.); (O.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Mathew B, Harilal S, Musa A, Kumar R, Parambi DGT, Jose J, Uddin MS, Shah MA, Behl T, Unnikrishnan MK. An Agathokakological Tale of Δ 9-THC: Exploration of Possible Biological Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:823-834. [PMID: 33001012 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201001123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the active phytocannabinoid in cannabis, is virtually an adjunct to the endogenous endocannabinoid signaling system. By interacting with G-proteincoupled receptors CB1 and CB2, Δ9-THC affects peripheral and central circulation by lowering sympathetic activity, altering gene expression, cell proliferation, and differentiation, decreasing leukocyte migration, modulating neurotransmitter release, thereby modulating cardiovascular functioning, tumorigenesis, immune responses, behavioral and locomotory activities. Δ9-THC effectively suppresses chemotherapy-induced vomiting, retards malignant tumor growth, inhibits metastasis, and promotes apoptosis. Other mechanisms involved are targeting cell cycle at the G2-M phase in human breast cancer, downregulation of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) in human glioblastoma multiforme, and stimulation of ER stress-induced autophagy. Δ9-THC also plays a role in ameliorating neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, trauma, and stroke and is associated with reliving childhood epilepsy, brain trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases. Δ9-THC via CB1 receptors affects nociception, emotion, memory, and reduces neuronal excitability and excitotoxicity in epilepsy. It also increases renal blood flow, reduces intraocular pressure via a sympathetic pathway, and modulates hormonal release, thereby decreasing the reproductive function and increasing glucose metabolism. Versatile medical marijuana has stimulated abundant research demonstrating substantial therapeutic promise, suggesting the possibilities of first-in-class drugs in diverse therapeutic segments. This review represents the current pharmacological status of the phytocannabinoid, Δ9-THC, and synthetic analogs in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NITTE Deemed to be University, Manglore, 575018, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Varshney H, Siddique YH. Role of natural plant products against Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:904-941. [PMID: 33881973 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210420135437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorder. Deposition of amyloid fibrils and tau protein are associated with various pathological symptoms. Currently limited medication is available for AD treatment. Most of the drugs are basically cholinesterase inhibitors and associated with various side effects. Natural plant products have shown potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD symptoms. Variety of secondary metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols are used to reduce the progression of the disease. Plant products have less or no side effect and are easily available. The present review gives a detailed account of the potential of natural plant products against the AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Varshney
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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31
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Neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of ethanolic extract from leaves and stems of Aster glehni. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) is an important medicinal plant distributed in many countries. It has attracted increasing attention due to it being shown to possess a range of phytochemicals with various biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Remarkably, vinblastine and vincristine isolated from this plant were the first plant-derived anticancer agents deployed for clinical use. Recently, new isolated indole alkaloids from this plant including catharoseumine, 14′,15′-didehydrocyclovinblastine, 17-deacetoxycyclovinblastine and 17-deacetoxyvinamidine effectively inhibited human cancer cell lines in vitro. Moreover, vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine and vindolinine isolated from C. roseus leaf exhibited in vitro antidiabetic property. These findings strongly indicate that this plant is still a promising source of bioactive compounds, which should be further investigated. This paper provides an overview of the traditional use and phytochemical profiles of C. roseus, and summarises updated techniques of the preparation of dried material, extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds from this plant. In addition, purported health benefits of the extracts and bioactive compounds derived from this plant were also addressed to support their potential as therapeutic agents.
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Jara-Moreno D, Riveros AL, Barriga A, Kogan MJ, Delporte C. Inhibition of β-amyloid Aggregation of Ugni molinae Extracts. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1365-1376. [PMID: 31931693 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200113160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The β-amyloid peptide (1-42) is a molecule capable of aggregating into neurotoxic structures that have been implicated as potential etiological factors of Alzheimer's Disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts obtained from Ugni molinae leaves on neurotoxic actions of β-amyloid aggregates. Chemical analyses were carried out with the extracts in order to determine their phenolic profile and its quantification. Both extracts showed a tendency to reduce neuronal deaths caused by β-amyloid. This tendency was inversely proportional to the evaluated concentrations. Moreover, the effect of EAE and ETE on β-amyloid aggregation was studied by fluorimetric T Thioflavin assay and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM); the extracts showed a modulation in the aggregation process. Partly, it is believed that these effects can be attributed to the polyphenolic compounds present in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jara-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Quimica Farmacologica y Toxicologica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIs), Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ana L Riveros
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIs), Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Andrés Barriga
- Unidad de espectrometria de masas, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnología y Nanotoxicología, Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile.,Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIs), Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Carla Delporte
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Quimica Farmacologica y Toxicologica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile. Sergio Livingston 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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Alzheimer's Disease as a Result of Stimulus Reduction in a GABA-A-Deficient Brain: A Neurocomputational Model. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8895369. [PMID: 33123190 PMCID: PMC7582082 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8895369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several research studies point to the fact that sensory and cognitive reductions like cataracts, deafness, macular degeneration, or even lack of activity after job retirement, precede the onset of Alzheimer's disease. To simulate Alzheimer's disease earlier stages, which manifest in sensory cortices, we used a computational model of the koniocortex that is the first cortical stage processing sensory information. The architecture and physiology of the modeled koniocortex resemble those of its cerebral counterpart being capable of continuous learning. This model allows one to analyze the initial phases of Alzheimer's disease by “aging” the artificial koniocortex through synaptic pruning, by the modification of acetylcholine and GABA-A signaling, and by reducing sensory stimuli, among other processes. The computational model shows that during aging, a GABA-A deficit followed by a reduction in sensory stimuli leads to a dysregulation of neural excitability, which in the biological brain is associated with hypermetabolism, one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
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Taxonomic Distribution of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cue to Novel Drugs. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7603015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder manifested by decline in memory and mild cognitive impairment leading to dementia. Despite global occurrence of AD, the severity and hence onset of dementia vary among different regions, which was correlated with the customary use of medicinal herbs and exposure level to the causatives. In spite of execution of versatile therapeutic strategies to combat AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, success is only limited to symptomatic treatment. The role of natural remedies remained primitive and irreplaceable in all ages. In some examples, the extracted drugs failed to show comparable results due to lack of micro ingredients. Micro ingredients impart a peerless value to natural remedies which are difficult to isolate and/or determine their precise role during treatment. A variety of plants have been used for memory enhancement and other dementia-related complications since ages. Acetyl choline esterase inhibition, antioxidant potential, neuroprotection, mitochondrial energy restoration, and/or precipitated protein clearance put a vast taxonomic variety into a single group of anti-AD plants. Secondary metabolites derived from these medicinal plants have the potential to treat AD and other brain diseases of common pathology. This review summarizes the potential of taxonomically diverse medicinal plants in the treatment of AD serving as a guide to further exploration.
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Min X, Zeng X, Zhao W, Han Z, Wang Y, Han Y, Pei L, Chen X. Cryptotanshinone protects dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal inflammation. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2639-2648. [PMID: 32302031 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing in recent years. The protective effect of cryptotanshinone, a natural compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on UC was investigated both in vivo and in vitro models. UC model was established by dextran sulfate sodium administration in drinking water and cryptotanshinone was orally administrated. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without cryptotanshinone pretreatment. The body weights and disease activity index (DAI) were recorded. The pathological alterations were evaluated by H&E staining. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues and cell culture medium were determined with enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The protein expression was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that cryptotanshinone significantly increased the body weight and colon length, reduced the score of DAI, and improved pathological changes. Furthermore, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, NF-κB p65 and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 in colon tissues and LPS-stimulated cells were significantly inhibited by cryptotanshinone. Besides, cryptotanshinone significantly inhibited LPS-triggered toll-like receptor 4 luciferase reporter activity with an IC50 at 7.2 μM. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone ameliorated experimental UC possibly by inhibiting intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Min
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yantao Han
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Margabandhu G, Vanisree AJ. Dopamine, a key factor of mitochondrial damage and neuronal toxicity on rotenone exposure and also parkinsonic motor dysfunction-Impact of asiaticoside with a probable vesicular involvement. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 106:101788. [PMID: 32278634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persuasive evidence propose that the toxicity of dopamine in parkinsonism and the loss of dopaminergic neurons are the earliest events during the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In our earlier study, Asiaticoside (AS), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Centella asiatica was shown to exert a neuroprotective effect against hemiparkinsonism, purportedly due to phosphoinositides (PI)-assisted cytodynamics and synaptic function. Here, we evaluate AS in the modulation of dopamine (DA), mitochondrial integrity and neurite variations in vitro and motor dysfunctions in vivo. PC12 cells challenged with rotenone-(ROT) (0.1 μM/mL) were exposed to AS and l-DOPA (10 mM and 20 μM/mL respectively). The protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 that regulate cell death were assessed following neurite length assays. Rats were distributed into 6 groups (6 rats/group): Sham, Vehicle controls, ROT-infused (6 μg/μl/kg), AS- treated (50 mg/kg/day), Drug control, and ROT + L-DOPA-treated (6 mg/kg/day) groups. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed after performing motor behavioral analysis, and the striatum was dissected out. The contents of synaptic vesicular and cytosolic DA were analyzed. Further, the levels of striatal PI were also measured. ROT had caused significant reduction in the neurite outgrowth in the exposed PC12 cells while the tested concentrations of AS and l-DOPA can exert their protective effect on the stunted neurite growth. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochrome c which were significantly disturbed by ROT, could also be affected by AS thereby suggesting its effect on neurons. AS treatment caused an improved motor performance, vesicular and cytosolic DA, and striatal PI. These pre-clinical findings force us to speculate that AS could be a potential drug candidate in combating ROT-induced variations that are possibly precipitated by varied vesicular trafficking of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Margabandhu
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Arambakkam Janardhanam Vanisree
- Unit of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
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Haghaei H, Soltani S, Aref Hosseini S, Rashidi MR, Karima S. Boswellic Acids as Promising Leads in Drug Development against Alzheimer’s Disease. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological activity of Boswellia extract (BE) has been attributed to its main active ingredients; i.e. Boswellic acids (BAs). BE/BAs possess a promising therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders; including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multifactorial nature of AD pathophysiology necessitates the development of the disease-modifying agents (DMA). Recent multi-targeting approaches for the DMAs development have brought more attention to the plant-derived compounds regarding their better human compatibility because of their biologic origin. This review addresses the current knowledge on the anti-AD activity of BE/BAs based on the available in silico, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. The contribution of BE/BAs in inflammatory pathways, Tau and β-amyloid proteins, microtubule functions, oxidative stress, cholinesterase and diabetes/insulin pathways involved in AD have been discussed. BAs efficacy in different AD-related pathways has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo. They can be considered as valuable scaffold/lead compounds for multi-targeted DMAs in anti-AD drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Haghaei
- Nutrition and food Sciences Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaieh Soltani
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
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Dembitsky VM, Dzhemileva L, Gloriozova T, D'yakonov V. Natural and synthetic drugs used for the treatment of the dementia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:772-783. [PMID: 32037088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to comparative pharmacological analysis of synthetic drugs such as memantine and its isomers, as well as tacrine, velnacrine, rivastigmine, and donepezil, with natural alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoid peroxides, which are used to treat dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, myasthenia gravis and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently discovered by French scientists from Marseille triterpenoid hydroperoxides demonstrate high activity as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of dementia. The information presented in this review is of great interest to pharmacologists, medical chemists, physiologists, neurologists and doctors, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada.
| | - Lilya Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
| | - Vladimir D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075, Russia.
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Tian L, Sheng D, Li Q, Guo C, Zhu G. Preliminary safety assessment of oridonin in zebrafish. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:632-640. [PMID: 31545911 PMCID: PMC6764400 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1662457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Context: Oridonin, isolated from the leaves of Isodon rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara (Lamiaceae), has good antitumor activity. However, its safety in vivo is still unclear. Objective: To investigate the preliminary safety of oridonin in zebrafish. Materials and methods: Embryo, larvae and adult zebrafish (n = 40) were used. Low, medium and high oridonin concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/L for embryo; 150, 300 and 600 mg/L for larvae; 200, 400 and 800 mg/L for adult zebrafish) and blank samples were administered. At specific stages of zebrafish development, spontaneous movement, heartbeat, hatching rate, etc., were recorded to assess the developmental effects of oridonin. VEGFA, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 gene expression were also examined. Results: Low-dose oridonin increased spontaneous movement and hatching rate with median effective doses (ED50) of 115.17 mg/L at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) and 188.59 mg/L at 54 hpf, but these values decreased at high doses with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 209.11 and 607.84 mg/L. Oridonin decreased heartbeat with IC50 of 285.76 mg/L at 48 hpf, and induced malformation at 120 hpf with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 411.94 mg/L. Oridonin also decreased body length with IC50 of 324.78 mg/L at 144 hpf, and increased swimming speed with ED50 of 190.98 mg/L at 120 hpf. The effects of oridonin on zebrafish embryo development may be attributed to the downregulation of VEGFR3 gene expression. Discussions and conclusions: Oridonin showed adverse effects at early stages of zebrafish development. We will perform additional studies on mechanism of oridonin based on VEGFR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donglai Sheng
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiushuang Li
- Center of Clinical Evaluation and Analysis, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CONTACT Guofu Zhu School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Binding behavior, water solubility and in vitro cytotoxicity of inclusion complexes between ursolic acid and amino-appended β-cyclodextrins. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Dasgupta A, Acharya K. Mushrooms: an emerging resource for therapeutic terpenoids. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:369. [PMID: 31588393 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mankind has always been fascinated with nature and have heavily explored natural products since the ancient times. Evolution of diseases led to research on synthetic structure, specificity and activity-guided treatment. To combat threats of new developing diseases and the deleterious side effects posed by modern therapy, researchers have once again looked back towards natural resources. Although plants have been the main source of natural drugs, lower fungi are being recently paid attention to. Among them, mushrooms have emerged as an under-explored yet immensely rich resource, especially for bioactive terpenoids. A lot of research is going on around the world with mushroom-derived terpenoids especially their medicinal properties, some of which have even been used in pre- and post-clinical studies. From the literatures that are available, it was found that mushroom terpenoids have activity against a wide range of diseases. In this review, we have summarized different mushroom-derived terpenoids and their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Dasgupta
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
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Wen F, Zhuge W, Wang J, Lu X, You R, Liu L, Zhuge Q, Ding S. Oridonin prevents insulin resistance-mediated cognitive disorder through PTEN/Akt pathway and autophagy in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:61-78. [PMID: 31568638 PMCID: PMC6933371 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was characterized for cognitive dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) has been identified to be correlated with the pathogenesis of MHE. Oridonin (Ori) is an active terpenoid, which has been reported to rescue synaptic loss and restore insulin sensitivity. In this study, we found that intraperitoneal injection of Ori rescued IR, reduced the autophagosome formation and synaptic loss and improved cognitive dysfunction in MHE rats. Moreover, in insulin‐resistant PC12 cells and N2a cells, we found that Ori blocked IR‐induced synaptic deficits via the down‐regulation of PTEN, the phosphorylation of Akt and the inhibition of autophagy. Taken together, these results suggested that Ori displays therapeutic efficacy towards memory deficits via improvement of IR in MHE and represents a novel bioactive therapeutic agent for treating MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weishan Zhuge
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoai Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruimin You
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leping Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Neurosurgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saidan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disease Research, Department of Surgery Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Phan-Thi H, Waché Y. Behind the Myth of the Fruit of Heaven, a Critical Review on Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) Contribution to Nutrition. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4585-4605. [PMID: 31284852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190705154723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gac, Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is more considered as a super fruit. The demand for this plant is growing in countries where its reputation is high, including traditional countries of gac culture and countries fond of super fruits and food supplements. In these latter countries, the industrial strategy aims at producing high added value in food supplements or nutritional rich preparations. However, when marketing is not the driving force and claims have to be related to scientific data, the situation of gac is less "heavenly", mainly because its most remarkable properties are in the field of micronutrients. These latter components are indeed very important for health but their supplementation on healthy populations brings no significant advantage. This paper proposes to review aspects important for the nutritional reputation of this plant: where it comes from, how it is cultured to have an optimal nutritional composition, what is its composition and how it can impact health of consumers, in which products it is used and what are the regulations to use it in different markets. One important goal of this review is to give a critical and scientific approach to confirm data on this fruit, which has been promoted by marketing departments injecting so many wrong and unverified information. Missing data will be highlighted and potential positive applications are proposed all along the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Phan-Thi
- International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, UMR PAM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,The Natencaps Project, France; International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, SBFT, Hanoi University of Science & Technology, Hanoi, VietNam
| | - Yves Waché
- International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, UMR PAM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,The Natencaps Project, France; International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, SBFT, Hanoi University of Science & Technology, Hanoi, VietNam
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Paduszyński K, Więckowski M, Okuniewski M, Domańska U. New phase equilibrium data at ambient and high pressure for strongly asymmetric mixtures containing menthol. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Neuroapoptosis: Diminishing Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Aralia elata. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7849876. [PMID: 31210848 PMCID: PMC6532276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7849876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate fraction from Aralia elata (AEEF) was investigated to confirm its neuronal cell protective effect on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in MC-IXC cells and its ameliorating effect on neurodegeneration in chronic alcohol-induced mice. The neuroprotective effect was examined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assays. As a result, AEEF reduced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. To evaluate the improvement of learning, memory ability, and spatial cognition, Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were conducted. The AEEF groups showed an alleviation of the decrease in cognitive function in alcohol-treated mice. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effect of AEEF in the brain tissue. Treatment with AEEF showed a considerable ameliorating effect on biomarkers such as SOD and MDA content in alcohol-induced mice. To assess the cerebral cholinergic system involved in neuronal signaling, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content were measured. The AEEF groups showed increased ACh levels and decreased AChE activities. In addition, AEEF prevented alcohol-induced neuronal apoptosis via improvement of mitochondrial activity, including reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content. AEEF inhibited apoptotic signals by regulating phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau). Finally, the bioactive compounds of AEEF were identified as caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), and chikusetsusaponin IVa using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS system.
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Loesche A, Köwitsch A, Lucas SD, Al-Halabi Z, Sippl W, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. Ursolic and oleanolic acid derivatives with cholinesterase inhibiting potential. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:23-32. [PMID: 30599410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are in the focus of scientific interest, and they were evaluated for many pharmacological applications among them their ability to act as inhibitors of cholinesterases. These inhibitors are still of interest as drugs that improve the life quality of patients suffering from age-related dementia illnesses especially of Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we prepared several derivatives of ursolic and oleanolic acid and screened them in Ellman's assays for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and/or butyrylcholinesterase, and for each of the active compounds the type of inhibition was determined. As a result, several compounds were shown as good inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase even in a micromolar range. An ursolic acid derived hydroxyl-propinyl derivative 10 was a competitive inhibitor for butyrylcholinesterase with an inhibition constant of Ki = 4.29 μM, and therefore being twice as active as gold standard galantamine hydrobromide. The best inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase, however, was 2-methyl-3-oxo-methyl-ursoloate (18), acting as a mixed-type inhibitor showing Ki = 1.72 µM and Ki' = 1.28 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Loesche
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Köwitsch
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susana D Lucas
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácio, Instituto de Investigacao do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zayan Al-Halabi
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- University of Nizwa, Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, PO Box 33, Birkat Al-Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Perez DR, Sklar LA, Chigaev A. Clioquinol: To harm or heal. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:155-163. [PMID: 30898518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clioquinol, one of the first mass-produced drugs, was considered safe and efficacious for many years. It was used as an antifungal and an antiprotozoal drug until it was linked to an outbreak of subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON), a debilitating disease almost exclusively confined to Japan. Today, new information regarding clioquinol targets and its mechanism of action, as well as genetic variation (SNPs) in efflux transporters in the Japanese population, provide a unique interpretation of the existing phenomena. Further understanding of clioquinol's role in the inhibition of cAMP efflux and promoting apoptosis might offer promise for the treatment of cancer and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we highlight recent developments in the field and discuss possible connections, hypotheses and perspectives in clioquinol-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R Perez
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Wang S, Lin H, Cong W. Chinese Medicines Improve Perimenopausal Symptoms Induced by Surgery, Chemoradiotherapy, or Endocrine Treatment for Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 30930771 PMCID: PMC6428993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and endocrine treatment successfully increases survival rates of breast cancer patients. However, perimenopausal symptoms, the main side effects of these treatments, often afflict patients and reduce their quality of life. Perimenopausal symptoms include vasomotor symptoms, sleep problems, arthromuscular symptoms, and osteoporosis. Currently, there are no satisfactory treatments for perimenopausal symptoms that result from these treatments. Therefore, alternative and complementary therapies including herbal medicines represented by Chinese medicines (CMs), acupuncture, massage, and psychotherapy are increasingly being expected and explored. In this paper, we review the effects and potentials of several CM formulae, along with some active ingredients or fractions from CMs, Chinese herbal extracts, and other herbal medicines, which have drawn attention for improving perimenopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients. We also elaborate their possible mechanisms. Moreover, further studies for evaluation of standardized clinical efficacy should be scientifically well-designed and continuously performed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of CMs for perimenopausal symptoms due to breast cancer therapy. The safety and value of estrogen-containing CMs for breast cancer should also be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Oncology of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bose B, Tripathy D, Chatterjee A, Tandon P, Kumaria S. Secondary metabolite profiling, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro inhibitory activities of Nardostachys jatamansi on key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia, hypertension and cognitive disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:58-69. [PMID: 30668444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., 'Spikenard' or 'Jatamansi', a highly valued, aromatic herb from alpine Himalayas has a long history of use as ethnomedicine and dietary supplements in Ayurveda, Unani and Chinese system of medicine since Vedic ages (1000-800 BC). In Ayurveda and traditional system of medicine, the species is used as stimulant, sedative, brain tonic or mind rejuvenator, antidiabetic, cardio tonic, and in the treatment of various neurological disorders such as insomnia, epilepsy, hysteria, anxiety and depression. It is considered as Sattvic herb in Ayurveda and is now commercially marketed either as single or poly-herbal formulations by many companies in national and international markets. AIM OF THE STUDY The species has become threatened in its natural habitats due to over exploitation and illegal trade of its rhizomes for drug preparation in herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the increasing demand and tremendous medicinal importance of this threatened plant species, a detailed study was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant potential, secondary metabolite profiling, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory potential and in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked to hyperglycemia, hypertension and cognitive disorders in different plant parts of wild and in vitro-raised plants with respect to different solvent systems for its sustainable utilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-cholinesterase activity of leaves and rhizome of wild and cultured plant extracts was investigated against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. In vitro anti-hyperglycemic (α-amylase and PTP1B), anti-hypertensive (angiotensin-converting enzyme), anti-tyrosinase and anti-inflammatory potential (5-lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase) of different plant parts of wild and in vitro-raised plants with respect to different solvent systems were also evaluated. In vitro cytotoxic effect of rootstock extracts of wild and in vitro-derived plants were against cancer (HCT-116, MCF-7 and OE33) and two normal (HEK and MEF) cell lines. Secondary metabolite profiling of rhizome segments of wild and in vitro-derived plants was carried out by quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS In vitro-raised plantlets showed comparative higher yield of various secondary metabolites with a significantly high antioxidant activity as compared to the wild plants. Methanolic rootstock extracts of both wild and in vitro-derived plants of N. jatamansi exhibited significant AChE (IC50 36.46 ± 2.1 and 31.18 ± 2.6 µg/ml, respectively) and BuChE (IC50 64.6 ± 3.5 and 60.12 ± 3.6 µg/ml, respectively) inhibitory potential as compared to standard inhibitor galanthamine (IC50 0.94 ± 0.03 and 4.45 ± 0.5 µg/ml). Methanolic rootstock extract of in vitro-derived plants showed significant α-amylase (IC50 90.69 ± 2.1 µg/ml), PTP1B (IC50 24.56 ± 0.8 µg/ml), angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC50 42.5 ± 3.6 µg/ml) and tyrosinase (IC50 168.12 ± 3.6 µg/ml) inhibitory potential as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 52.36 ± 3.1 µg/ml), ursolic acid (IC50 5.24 ± 0.8 µg/ml), captopril (IC50 32.36 ± 2.5 µg/ml) and kojic acid (IC50 = 54.44 ± 2.3 µg/ml). Both the methanolic rootstock and leaf extracts of tissue culture-derived plants exhibited promising anti-5-LOX and anti-hyaluronidase activities against the known inhibitor of 5-LOX and hyaluronidase. Furthermore, methanolic rootstock extracts of both wild and in vitro-derived plants exhibited promising cytotoxic effects to HCT-116, MCF-7 and OE33 cell lines as compared to the normal HEK and MEF after 12 h of treatment. Secondary metabolite profiling of wild and in vitro-derived plants by quantitative GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of different classes of terpenoids and phenolic acids might be responsible for its effective biological activities. CONCLUSION In vitro-derived plants revealed a substantial anti-cholinesterases, anti-hyperglycemic anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and anti-tyrosinase potential with higher yield of various bioactive metabolites and significantly higher antioxidant activity which substantially explain medicinal importance of N. jatamansi in traditional medicine, used for centuries in different Ayurvedic formulations. The present findings suggest that cultured plants could be a promising alternative for the production of bioactive metabolites with comparative biological activities to the wild plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bose
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Debabrata Tripathy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Pramod Tandon
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Suman Kumaria
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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