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Thalappil MA, Singh P, Carcereri de Prati A, Sahoo SK, Mariotto S, Butturini E. Essential oils and their nanoformulations for breast cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:556-591. [PMID: 37919622 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in the world. Current treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy but often are associated with high toxicity to normal tissues, chemoresistance, and relapse. Thus, developing novel therapies which could combat these limitations is essential for effective treatment. In this context, phytochemicals are increasingly getting popular due to their safety profile, ability to efficiently target tumors, and circumvent limitations of existing treatments. Essential Oils (EOs) are mixtures of various phytochemicals which have shown potential anticancer activity in preclinical BC models. However, their clinical translation is limited by factors such as high volatility, low stability, and poor solubility. Nanotechnology has facilitated their encapsulation in a variety of nanostructures and proven to overcome these limitations. In this review, we have efficiently summarized the current knowledge on the anticancer effect of EOs and constituents in both in in vitro and in in vivo BC models. Further, we also provide a descriptive account on the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing the anti-BC activity of EOs and their constituents. The papers discussed in this review were selected using the keywords "antiproliferative Essential Oils in breast cancer," "anticancer activity of Essential Oil in breast cancer," and "cytotoxicity of Essential Oils in breast cancer" performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ashiq Thalappil
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Priya Singh
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Alessandra Carcereri de Prati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Mariotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lakshmi SG, Kamaraj M, Nithya TG, Chidambaranathan N, Pushpalatha GGL, Santhosh P, Balavaishnavi B, Mahajan M. Network pharmacology integrated with molecular docking reveals the anticancer mechanism of Jasminum sambac Linn. essential oil against human breast cancer and experimental validation by in vitro and in vivo studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:350-381. [PMID: 37129744 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasminum sambac L. (J. sambac) belongs to the family Oleaceae and it is an ornamental subtropical evergreen shrub used in traditional treatments of certain ailments and diseases. This study aimed at devising an integrated strategy attempts to evaluate the bioactive components in the J. sambac essential oil (JEO) against human breast cancer. JEO extracted by distillation process and analyzed by GC-MS was subjected to screening of therapeutic components in their allegiance to the drug-likeness index. The utility and efficacy of its molecular mechanism relating to anticancer potential were probed with network pharmacology analysis. Gene ontology, pathway enrichment, and compound-target-pathway network by Cytoscape helped to harp on hub targets and pathways involved in curative action. Drawing from the network data, molecular docking analysis of selected compounds on breast cancer targets was approached. The anti-proliferative study was carried out in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 to evaluate the cytotoxicity of JEO. Finally, in vivo anticancer activity was verified using rat models. The results showed MDA-MB-231 cell growth was highly inhibited than the MCF-7 cell line. Alongside this in vitro trial, in situ effectiveness of JEO was evaluated using female Sprague-Dawley rat animal models. In vivo experiments and histopathological analysis showed convincing results in DMBA tumor-induced rats. The larger aim of this study is to identify the potential ingredients of the JEO in cancer apoptosis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation achieved to certain extent confers credence to the concept of hiring J. sambac as floral therapy in dealing with the disastrous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gokila Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - M Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology-Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India
| | - T G Nithya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - N Chidambaranathan
- Department of Pharmacology, K. M. College of Pharmacy, Uthangudi, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625107, India
| | - G Grace Lydial Pushpalatha
- Department of Botany, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625002, India
| | - P Santhosh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - B Balavaishnavi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Megha Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Grazul M, Kwiatkowski P, Hartman K, Kilanowicz A, Sienkiewicz M. How to Naturally Support the Immune System in Inflammation-Essential Oils as Immune Boosters. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2381. [PMID: 37760822 PMCID: PMC10525302 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient functionality of the immune system is needed to fight against the development of infectious diseases, including, among others, serious recurrent chronic infections. Research has shown that many modern common diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cardiovascular diseases, e.g., thromboembolism, cancer, obesity, or depression, are connected with inflammatory processes. Therefore, new, good stimulators of the immune system's response are sought. They include synthetic compounds as well as biological preparations such as lipopolysaccharides, enzymes, bacterial metabolites, and secondary metabolites of plants, demonstrating a multidirectional effect. Essential oils are characterized by many invaluable activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating. Essential oils may stimulate the immune system via the utilization of their constituents, such as antibodies, cytokines, and dendritic cells. Some essential oils may stimulate the proliferation of immune-competent cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B and T lymphocytes. This review is focused on the ability of essential oils to affect the immune system. It is also possible that essential oil components positively interact with recommended anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. Thus, there is a need to explore possible synergies between essential oils and their active ingredients for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Hartman
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Said AA, Reda RM, Metwally MMM, Abd El-Hady HM. Therapeutic efficacy of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) enriched diets in Oreochromis niloticus: effect on hepatic-renal functions, the antioxidant-immune response and resistance to Aeromonas veronii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:687-709. [PMID: 37438674 PMCID: PMC10415512 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Coriandrum sativum to control Aeromonas veronii infection in Oreochromis niloticus were determined. Coriandrum sativum extract (CE) was tested in vitro against A. veronii by the disc diffusion assay. In in vivo, 150 O. niloticus (from El-Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt, weighing 34.95 ± 1.98 g) was distributed in five groups (with three replications) in glass aquariums (80 × 40 × 30 cm). The first group (control) was intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml of sterilized tryptic soya broth. Groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally challenged with 0.2 ml of A. veronii (4.3 × 106). The five groups were administered a basal diet until clinical signs appeared, and then therapeutic feeding (15 days) was followed: the first (CONT) and second (AV) groups were administered a normal basal diet. The third (AV+CP) and fourth (AV+CE) groups were administered diets supplemented with C. sativum powder and extract, respectively, each at 30 mg/kg. The fifth group (AV+OT) was administered a diet supplemented with oxytetracycline at 500 mg/kg diet. The results of the in vitro experiment revealed that CE has a zone of inhibition of 43 mm against A. veronii. The in vivo results showed that fish administered a therapeutic diet supplemented with CE showed a significant improvement in hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters, as well as antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and the pathological findings of the liver and kidney tissues. The current findings supported that the administration of a CE-enriched diet (30 mg/kg) is an eco-friendly strategy for controlling A. veronii in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdou Said
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Reda
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abd El-Hady
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Cherbal A, Bouabdallah M, Benhalla M, Hireche S, Desdous R. Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic Content, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Seed Extract. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:141-148. [PMID: 37416792 PMCID: PMC10321444 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are promising sources of natural substances with biological functions and several drugs have been developed from traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the chemical components of a hydromethanolic extract from Foeniculum vulgare seeds. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents were assessed, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed. To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of F. vulgare seed hydromethanolic extract, its effects on protein denaturation, protease activity, membrane stabilization, and heat-induced hemolysis in red blood cells were evaluated in vitro. F. vulgare seed extract showed significant inhibition of protein denaturation (35.68±0.4%), protease activity (58.09±0.1%), and heat-induced hemolysis in red blood cells (9.67±0.3%) at concentrations of 200, 250, and 200 μg/mL, respectively, compared to the reference drug indomethacin (P<0.001). This remarkable anti-inflammatory activity may be attributable to the abundance of flavonoids in the F. vulgare seed extract. GC-MS confirmed the presence of linalool and fatty acids (palmitic and oleic acids), which have potential anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the hydromethanolic extract of F. vulgare seeds may be a valuable anti-inflammatory candidate in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Cherbal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria
- Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry, Scientometry Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Abderrahmane Mira-Béjaïa, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria
| | - Mouna Bouabdallah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Mouna Benhalla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Saliha Hireche
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University Setif 1, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Rachid Desdous
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel 18000, Algeria
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Serini S, Trombino S, Curcio F, Sole R, Cassano R, Calviello G. Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Phenolic Compound Nanodelivery for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1751. [PMID: 37376199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are bioactive phytochemicals showing a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Moreover, they are associated with fewer side effects compared to most currently used antitumor drugs. Combinations of phenolic compounds with commonly used drugs have been largely studied as an approach aimed at enhancing the efficacy of anticancer drugs and reducing their deleterious systemic effects. In addition, some of these compounds are reported to reduce tumor cell drug resistance by modulating different signaling pathways. However, often, their application is limited due to their chemical instability, low water solubility, or scarce bioavailability. Nanoformulations, including polyphenols in combination or not with anticancer drugs, represent a suitable strategy to enhance their stability and bioavailability and, thus, improve their therapeutic activity. In recent years, the development of hyaluronic acid-based systems for specific drug delivery to cancer cells has represented a pursued therapeutic strategy. This is related to the fact that this natural polysaccharide binds to the CD44 receptor that is overexpressed in most solid cancers, thus allowing its efficient internalization in tumor cells. Moreover, it is characterized by high biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Here, we will focus on and critically analyze the results obtained in recent studies regarding the use of hyaluronic acid for the targeted delivery of bioactive phenolic compounds to cancer cells of different origins, alone or in combination with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Sole
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Volatile and Non-Volatile Content Determination and Biological Activity Evaluation of Fresh Humulus lupulus L. (cv. Chinook) Leaves and Inflorescences. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the fresh leaves and inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L. cv. Chinook hops were investigated in order to describe their chemical composition and evaluate their biological activities. The analyses were carried out first on fresh untreated samples and then on pulverized ones using the SPME-GC-MS technique. In total, forty-two molecules belonging to different chemical classes were identified, and among these, twenty-three were terpene compounds. In order to carry out the activity assays, the powders were subjected to extraction with two different solvents (methanol and distilled water) by stirring and subsequent sonication at room temperature. To chemically characterize the extracts, the methanolic ones were analyzed by direct injection into the GC-MS apparatus, while the aqueous ones were analyzed by DI-SPME-GC-MS. In addition, with the aim to obtain information on the non-volatile content of the methanolic extracts, they were also subjected to derivatization, and the silylated derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was then evaluated by means of DPPH and ABTS assays after the determination of the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The greatest effects were observed on the methanolic extracts rather than on the aqueous ones. Furthermore, a preliminary study on the cytotoxic power of the methanolic extracts was also conducted on three different human cancer cell lines, such as non-small cell lung cancer (H1299), melanoma (A375) and breast cancer (MCF7). The obtained results showed that the two extracts induced a marginal effect on reducing breast tumor, melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation.
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Sonicated Extract from the Aril of Momordica Cochinchinensis Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Cells. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:1149856. [PMID: 36605288 PMCID: PMC9810401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1149856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica cochinchinensis or gac fruit has been reported to have several biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, the effect on cancer cell metastasis has not been extensively studied. With this aim, the extract from the aril part was selected and investigated for prostate cancer cell migration. The aril extracts were prepared as boiled extract, sonicated extract, ethanol extract, and HAE (hexane:acetone:ethanol; 2 : 1 : 1) extract, while the prostate cancer cell models were PC-3 and LNCaP cells. An MTT assay was performed to compare the antiproliferative effect between prostate cancer cells and normal Vero cells. As a result, the sonicated extract had the highest efficiency in PC-3 cells, with IC50 values of 2 mg/mL and 0.59 mg/mL for 48 and 72 h, respectively, while it had less of an effect in LNCaP cells and was not toxic to normal cells. Cell damage was further confirmed using LDH and cell cycle analysis. As a result, the sonicated extract did not cause cell damage or death and only inhibited cell proliferation. The effect on cancer metastasis was further examined by wound healing, transwell migration assays, and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the sonicated extract inhibited PC-3 cell migration and decreased MMP-9 but increased TIMP-1 expression. All these results support that gac fruit is a valuable source for further development as an anticancer agent for prostate cancer patients.
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Yazdanshenas H, Tafrihi M. The biological and therapeutic potentials of Cyclotrichium genus: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2589-2599. [PMID: 34528839 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1977784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cyclotrichium includes nine species that are mainly distributed in Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, and Iran, and are used in the kitchen, and also in complementary medicine to treat various diseases. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in analyzing their phytochemical composition in parallel with their antimicrobial properties and their therapeutic potentials. This study reviews the present knowledge about investigations on antimicrobial, insecticidal, and anticancer properties of the essential oils and any other purified chemical compounds of the Cyclotrichium species. Various phytochemicals have been isolated from the extracts of the plants of this genus having significant biological and therapeutic potentials. In conclusion, these gathered data strongly support the viewpoint that the species belonging to the genus Cyclotrichium have various biological and pharmaceutical activities to treat various diseases including cancer in addition to the remarkable antimicrobial and insecticidal potential with no or minimal health and environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoon Yazdanshenas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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Hou M, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zhan H, Jia T, Li M, Hu J, Zhao Y. Linalool Impress Colorectal Cancer Deterioration by Mediating AKT/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4801703. [PMID: 35860797 PMCID: PMC9293539 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4801703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the more common causes of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of CRC, but it can produce a range of adverse effects that can significantly reduce the quality of life of CRC patients. The selection of drugs that are effective in treating CRC with few adverse effects is now an important task and is aimed at prolonging the survival of patients and improving their prognosis. In this study, CRC cells were treated with linalool using CRC cell lines as the study subjects, and cell viability, apoptosis, and cell migration were observed after treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of linalool on CRC and its ability to inhibit CRC progression by modulating the AKT/mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Qingmei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
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Elbe H, Ozturk F, Yigitturk G, Baygar T, Cavusoglu T. Anticancer activity of linalool: comparative investigation of ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:348-358. [PMID: 35727696 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women ın the world. Many anticancer drugs are currently used clinically have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Linalool is aromatic compounds from the monoterpene group. It is the main constituents of essential oils and show antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antiseptic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferativeand apoptotic, effects of linalool in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of linalool (100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 µM) at 24 h and 48 h. MTT assay for cell proliferation and Annexin V assay for apoptosis was done. The morphology of breast cancer cells was investigated by lıght mıcroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The study show that linalool significantly induced apoptosis in all groups as dose and time-dependent (p < .05). Linalool has apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in a concentration and time-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of linalool on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was found to be associated with apoptotic cell death. Linalool was more effective on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in smaller amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Feral Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Tuba Baygar
- Research Laboratories Center, Material Research Laboratory, Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Mugla, Turkey
| | - Turker Cavusoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmır Bakırcay University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Stachys pilifera Benth: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Potential, and Toxicology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7621599. [PMID: 35722156 PMCID: PMC9200515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7621599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) includes more than 300 annual or perennial species growing in temperate regions of Southern Africa, the Mediterranean, America, and Asia. Stachys pilifera Benth (S. pilifera), also known as Marzeh Kuhi, is an endemic species from Iran. It is found in the mountainous habitats of the Zagros area. It has various traditional uses, and the phytochemical ingredients and some biological activities of this species have been examined in previous studies. Methods PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Web databases were used to gather the data. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the scattered knowledge reported in the literature about botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and safety of S. pilifera and suggest its potential medicinal properties. Key Findings. In traditional Iranian medicine, S. pilifera manages various illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, common cold, infections, asthma, and tussive. More than 30 compounds have been identified in S. pilifera essential oil. The compounds found in S. pilifera are phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which have various properties such as antioxidant, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and anticancer properties. Conclusions The literature reveals that S. pilifera is an essential source of bioactive phytochemicals and illustrates the unknown area of this plant for new investigations. Moreover, we recommend that future research focus on toxicology and quality control studies for S. pilifera to fill the knowledge gap and provide theoretical support for the plant's possible functional and clinical uses.
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Cheng KK, Nadri MH, Othman NZ, Rashid SNAA, Lim YC, Leong HY. Phytochemistry, Bioactivities and Traditional Uses of Michelia × alba. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113450. [PMID: 35684387 PMCID: PMC9182571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Michelia × alba (M. alba) is a flowering tree best known for its essential oil, which has long been used as a fragrance ingredient for perfume and cosmetics. In addition, the plant has been used in traditional medicine in Asia and dates back hundreds of years. To date, there is a limited number of publications on the bioactivities of M. alba, which focused on its tyrosinase inhibition, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, M. alba may have additional unexplored bioactivities associated with its bioactive compounds such as linalool (72.8% in flower oil and 80.1% in leaf oil), α-terpineol (6.04% flower oil), phenylethyl alcohol (2.58% flower oil), β-pinene (2.39% flower oil), and geraniol (1.23% flower oil). Notably, these compounds have previously been reported to exhibit therapeutic activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-depression, anti-ulcer, anti-hypertriglyceridemia, and anti-hypertensive activities. In this review paper, we examine and discuss the scientific evidence on the phytochemistry, bioactivities, and traditional uses of M. alba. Here, we report a total of 168 M. alba biological compounds and highlight the therapeutic potential of its key bioactive compounds. This review may provide insights into the therapeutic potential of M. alba and its biologically active components for the prevention and treatment of diseases and management of human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian-Kai Cheng
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Muar 84600, Malaysia; (K.-K.C.); (M.H.N.); (N.Z.O.); (S.N.A.A.R.)
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Helmi Nadri
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Muar 84600, Malaysia; (K.-K.C.); (M.H.N.); (N.Z.O.); (S.N.A.A.R.)
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Zalina Othman
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Muar 84600, Malaysia; (K.-K.C.); (M.H.N.); (N.Z.O.); (S.N.A.A.R.)
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Azlina Abd Rashid
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Muar 84600, Malaysia; (K.-K.C.); (M.H.N.); (N.Z.O.); (S.N.A.A.R.)
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia
| | - Ying-Chin Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
| | - Hong-Yeng Leong
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Muar 84600, Malaysia; (K.-K.C.); (M.H.N.); (N.Z.O.); (S.N.A.A.R.)
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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A Narrative Review of the Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes from Essential Oils: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6317201. [PMID: 35655488 PMCID: PMC9155973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6317201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a group of natural products that have been widely studied due to their therapeutic potential against various pathologies. These compounds are abundant in the chemical composition of essential oils. Cancer is a term that covers more than 100 different types of malignant diseases and is among the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, the search for new pharmacotherapeutic options applicable to cancer is urgent. In this review, studies on the antitumor activity of monoterpenes found in essential oils were selected, and botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects were discussed. The most investigated monoterpenes were carvacrol and linalool with highly significant in vitro and in vivo tumor inhibition in several types of cancers. The action mechanisms of these natural products are also presented and are wildly varied being apoptosis the most prevalent followed by cell cycle impairment, ROS production, autophagy, necroptosis, and others. The studies reported here confirm the antitumor properties of monoterpenes and their anticancer potential against various types of tumors, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies using various types of cancer cells and tumors in animal models. The data described serve as a reference for the advancement in the mechanistic studies of these compounds and in the preparation of synthetic derivatives or analogues with a better antitumor profile.
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15
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Van HT, Thang TD, Luu TN, Doan VD. An overview of the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Alpinia genus (Zingiberaceae). RSC Adv 2021; 11:37767-37783. [PMID: 35498079 PMCID: PMC9044187 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpinia Roxb. is the largest genus of the Zingiberaceae family. A large number of Alpinia species has been used as food and traditional medicines. Alpinia essential oils have been studied for their chemical profiles, in which 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, α-pinene, β-myrcene, camphor, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, geraniol, α-fenchyl acetate, ocimene, methyl cinnamate, and β-caryophyllene have been found to be the major compounds. Essential oils isolated from Alpinia plants have been reported to have antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, tyrosinase inhibitory, insecticidal, and larvicidal activities and slimming aromatherapy. In this review, the comprehensive information regarding the volatile components of various Alpinia plants, the bioactivities of Alpinia essential oils and their major compounds are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thien Van
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City No. 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tran Dinh Thang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City No. 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thao Nguyen Luu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City No. 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Van Dat Doan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City No. 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ward 4, Go Vap District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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16
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An Q, Ren JN, Li X, Fan G, Qu SS, Song Y, Li Y, Pan SY. Recent updates on bioactive properties of linalool. Food Funct 2021; 12:10370-10389. [PMID: 34611674 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, including essential oils and their components, have been used for their bioactivities. Linalool (2,6-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol) is an aromatic monoterpene alcohol that is widely found in essential oils and is broadly used in perfumes, cosmetics, household cleaners and food additives. This review covers the sources, physicochemical properties, application, synthesis and bioactivities of linalool. The present study focuses on the bioactive properties of linalool, including anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-stress, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and lung protective activity and the underlying mechanisms. Besides this, the therapeutic potential of linalool and the prospect of encapsulating linalool are also discussed. Linalool can induce apoptosis of cancer cells via oxidative stress, and at the same time protects normal cells. Linalool exerts antimicrobial effects through disruption of cell membranes. The protective effects of linalool to the liver, kidney and lung are owing to its anti-inflammatory activity. On account of its protective effects and low toxicity, linalool can be used as an adjuvant of anticancer drugs or antibiotics. Therefore, linalool has a great potential to be applied as a natural and safe alternative therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yue Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Khakdan F, Govahi M, Mohebi Z, Ranjbar M. Water deficit stress responses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in different Iranian cultivars of basil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:896-910. [PMID: 34161632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum, a popular aromatic plant, contains aromatic terpenes of terpenoids with in vivo and in vitro verified cytotoxicity. Considering the characteristics and potential of its utilization, it would be attractive to reveal its regulation and biosynthesis, originally at the molecular level under water deficit stress. For this aim, for the first time, the gene encoding the enzyme involved in the end step of the MEP biosynthetic pathways (HDR) was cloned, and the accumulation ratio of linalool, germacrene D and γ-cadinene compounds as well as the expression trait of four critical genes (i.e., HDR, LinS, GerS, and GadS) was assessed under water deficit stress in three Iranian cultivars of basil. The highest value of linalool and γ-cadinene were detected for Cultivar 1 (Cult. 1) under mild stress (W1; 52.6 and 21.1%), while insignificant amounts were obtained for Cultivar 3 (Cult. 3). The germacrene D level of Cultivar 2 (Cult. 2) increased under severe and moderate water stresses as compared with mild water deficit stress. Apart from some expectation, all the studied genes demonstrated divergent transcription ratios under water deficit stress. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the relative water content (RWC) and HDR gene expression correlated significantly with essential oil components and gene expression in Cult. 1 and 2, which could represent an elevated demand for corresponding metabolites in the plant tissues. The present work elaborates on the regulation of the mentioned genes, and the results indicate that the production of terpenoids might be a drought stress-dependent and cultivar-dependent procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Govahi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohebi
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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18
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Pradhan P, Margolin W, Beuria TK. Targeting the Achilles Heel of FtsZ: The Interdomain Cleft. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732796. [PMID: 34566937 PMCID: PMC8456036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is a serious threat to public health. Thus, identification of new targets and development of new antibacterial agents are urgently needed. Although cell division is a major driver of bacterial colonization and pathogenesis, its targeting with antibacterial compounds is still in its infancy. FtsZ, a bacterial cytoskeletal homolog of eukaryotic tubulin, plays a highly conserved and foundational role in cell division and has been the primary focus of research on small molecule cell division inhibitors. FtsZ contains two drug-binding pockets: the GTP binding site situated at the interface between polymeric subunits, and the inter-domain cleft (IDC), located between the N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the core globular domain of FtsZ. The majority of anti-FtsZ molecules bind to the IDC. Compounds that bind instead to the GTP binding site are much less useful as potential antimicrobial therapeutics because they are often cytotoxic to mammalian cells, due to the high sequence similarity between the GTP binding sites of FtsZ and tubulin. Fortunately, the IDC has much less sequence and structural similarity with tubulin, making it a better potential target for drugs that are less toxic to humans. Over the last decade, a large number of natural and synthetic IDC inhibitors have been identified. Here we outline the molecular structure of IDC in detail and discuss how it has become a crucial target for broad spectrum and species-specific antibacterial agents. We also outline the drugs that bind to the IDC and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinkilata Pradhan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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Oliva MA, Castaldo S, Rotondo R, Staffieri S, Sanchez M, Arcella A. Inhibiting effect of p-Coumaric acid on U87MG human glioblastoma cell growth. J Chemother 2021; 34:173-183. [PMID: 34424147 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1953888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid (pCA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative commonly found in many natural products that has been extensively studied for its anticancer activity in multiple cell lines. In this report we investigated the effects of this phytochemical as adjuvant therapy to treat glioblastoma, an infaust brain tumour characterized by the acquired or innate resistance to the conventional chemotherapy temozolomide (TMZ). U87Mg glioblastoma cell growth and viability was assessed by growth rate curves and MTT assay incubating cells with 0.5 and 1 mM pCA for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Cell cycle analysis, performed by flow cytometry, showed that pCA led the accumulation of GBM cells in G2/M phase. Western blot analysis shows that pCA induced CDK4 cyclin-dependent kinase reduction and p53 increase, followed by induction of the CDK inhibitor p21. Furthermore, pCA treatment mediated the activation of apoptosis and the inhibition of migration of U87Mg cells. Finally, the treatment of glioblastoma cells in vitro with pCA concomitantly with the TMZ revealed a synergistic effect between the natural substance and the chemotherapy. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that pCA acts influencing the cell viability and cell cycle of U87Mg cells by promoting cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and apoptosis.
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20
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Zhao Y, Meng X, Zeng Y, Wang C, Chen J, She Z. Linalool Inhibits MCF-7 Tumor Growth in a Xenograft Model by Apoptosis Induction and Immune Modulation. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211015125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-cancer activity of linalool was investigated in MCF-7 breast cancer-bearing mice. Natural killer (NK) and B cell populations in peripheral blood were studied by flow cytometry. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in xenograft tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to investigate apoptosis induction in an in vivo model. The results indicated that linalool possesses an inhibitory effect on breast cancer growth in the xenograft model. Linalool reduced B cell counts, but increased NK cell counts in mice peripheral blood. The immunosignals of PCNA and Ki-67 were significantly lower in the linalool treatment group than those of the control group. The TUNEL assay showed that linalool significantly induced apoptosis compared to the control group. The findings of this study provide insight and evidence on the antiproliferative activity of linalool on human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhao
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Xi Meng
- Shanghai Just Scientific Instruments, Nanhui, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Canbin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, P. R. China
| | - Zhennan She
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, P. R. China
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21
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Chen M, Zhuang YW, Wu CE, Peng HY, Qian J, Zhou JY. β-asarone suppresses HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation and liver metastasis in part by activating the innate immune system. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:435. [PMID: 33868473 PMCID: PMC8045167 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed that β-asarone exerts a powerful inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human cancer cells. The authors' previous study demonstrated that β-asarone could induce LoVo colon cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, indicating its anticancer properties. The present study aimed to determine the antineoplastic effect of β-asarone in HCT116 colon cancer cells. An in vitro proliferation assay using a real time cell analyzer demonstrated that β-asarone effectively decreased HCT116 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes following β-asarone inhibition were involved in the ‘cell cycle’, ‘cell division’, ‘cell proliferation’ and ‘apoptosis’. Subsequently, a xenograft assay evidenced the inhibitory effect of β-asarone on the growth of HCT116 tumors in vivo. Further detection of immune-associated cytokines and cells suggested that β-asarone might be involved in the antitumor immune response by stimulating granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and increasing the number of macrophage cells in the spleen. Additionally, a murine model of splenic-transplantation verified the strong suppressive role of β-asarone in colon cancer liver metastasis in vivo. Taken together, the results of the current study revealed that β-asarone decreased HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation and liver metastasis potentially by activating the innate immune system, supporting the multi-system regulation theory and providing a basis for further mechanistic studies on colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- General Internal Medicine Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhuang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China.,Oncology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Cun-En Wu
- Oncology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Peng
- Oncology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Oncology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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22
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Cai C, Wu Q, Hong H, He L, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhang S, Wang Q, Fan X, Fang J. In silico identification of natural products from Traditional Chinese Medicine for cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3332. [PMID: 33558586 PMCID: PMC7870934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized treatments in many types of cancer. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has a long history of clinical adjuvant application against cancer, is emerging as an important medical resource for developing innovative cancer treatments, including immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a quantitative and systems pharmacology-based framework to identify TCM-derived natural products for cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, we integrated 381 cancer immune response-related genes and a compound-target interaction network connecting 3273 proteins and 766 natural products from 66 cancer-related herbs based on literature-mining. Via systems pharmacology-based prediction, we uncovered 182 TCM-derived natural products having potential anti-tumor immune responses effect. Importantly, 32 of the 49 most promising natural products (success rate = 65.31%) are validated by multiple evidence, including published experimental data from clinical studies, in vitro and in vivo assays. We further identified the mechanism-of-action of TCM in cancer immunotherapy using network-based functional enrichment analysis. We showcased that three typical natural products (baicalin, wogonin, and oroxylin A) in Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) potentially overcome resistance of known oncology agents by regulating tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. In summary, this study offers a novel and effective systems pharmacology infrastructure for potential cancer immunotherapeutic development by exploiting the medical wealth of natural products in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuipu Cai
- Department of Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, 515000, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying He
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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23
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Mohamed ME, Abduldaium MS, Younis NS. Cardioprotective Effect of Linalool against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020120. [PMID: 33562483 PMCID: PMC7915311 DOI: 10.3390/life11020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), a life-threatening disorder, arises from the imbalance between oxygen supply and myocardial demand. Linalool is a naturally occurring monoterpenes with proved numerous pharmacological actions. This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of Linalool on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in rat models and explored part of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups; groups I and II served as normal and linalool control groups, Group III administered ISO alone; groups V and VI received two different doses of Linalool and were challenged by ISO. Different biochemical parameters were determined, including hemodynamic, infarction size, cardiac enzymes, apoptotic markers, and inflammatory mediators. Results: Linalool limited the infarcted area size and diminished the elevated cardiac enzymes. Linalool escalated HO-1 and Nrf2, both nuclear and cytosol fractions, and reduced Keap 1. Linalool enhanced cardiac antioxidant activities, reduced inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κ-B (NF-κB), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6)), apoptotic markers (Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bax), and elevated Bcl2. Conclusion: Linalool could act as an effective cardioprotective agent in the MI model through improving the oxidative condition, probably via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and by abolishing both apoptotic and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged E. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-542990226
| | - Mohamed S. Abduldaium
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Nancy S. Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Natural Compounds of Marine Origin as Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD): Potential Role for Cancer Interception and Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020231. [PMID: 33504012 PMCID: PMC7912082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) has always been considered a tolerogenic event. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurs as a consequence of tumour cell death accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering an immune response. ICD plays a major role in stimulating the function of the immune system in cancer during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ICD can therefore represent one of the routes to boost anticancer immune responses. According to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (2018), apoptosis (type I cell death) and necrosis (type II cell death) represent are not the only types of RCD, which also includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and others. Specific downstream signalling molecules and death-inducing stimuli can regulate distinct forms of ICD, which develop and promote the immune cell response. Dying cells deliver different potential immunogenic signals, such as DAMPs, which are able to stimulate the immune system. The acute exposure of DAMPs can prime antitumour immunity by inducing activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), leading to the downstream response by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK). As ICD represents an important target to direct and develop new pharmacological interventions, the identification of bioactive natural products, which are endowed with low side effects, higher tolerability and preferentially inducing immunogenic programmed cell death, represents a priority in biomedical research. The ability of ICD to drive the immune response depends on two major factors, neither of which is intrinsic to cell death: ‘Antigenicity and adjuvanticity’. Indeed, the use of natural ICD-triggering molecules, alone or in combination with different (immuno)therapies, can result in higher efficacy and tolerability. Here, we focused on natural (marine) compounds, particularly on marine microalgae derived molecules such as exopolysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, phospholipids, that are endowed with ICD-inducing properties and sulfavants. Here, we discuss novel and repurposed small-molecule ICD triggers, as well as their ability to target important molecular pathways including the IL-6, TNF-α and interferons (IFNs), leading to immune stimulation, which could be used alone or in combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer prevention and therapies.
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Cock IE, Cheesman M. Plants of the genus Terminalia: Phytochemical and antioxidant profiles, proliferation, and cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhao Y, Cheng X, Wang G, Liao Y, Qing C. Linalool inhibits 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 33029205 PMCID: PMC7530887 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Linalool is an unsaturated terpene that can be found in several plants and exhibits various biological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activity of linalool using the human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cell line. Flow cytometry was employed to study the effects of linalool on the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle progression, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release, whereas the effects of linalool on apoptosis-associated proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. An efficacy study was conducted using 22Rv1 tumor-bearing mice. The expression of the cell proliferation markers Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in xenograft tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to study the induction of apoptosis in an in vivo model. Linalool exerted an inhibitory effect on 22Rv1 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Western blot analysis indicated that both the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic and death-receptor-mediated extrinsic pathways were involved in the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, linalool significantly reduced the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA in the 22Rv1 ×enograft model. The findings of the present study provide evidence supporting the anti-proliferative effects of linalool on 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells, and suggest that linalool may be an effective agent for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, P.R. China
| | - Xianliang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Jabir M, Sahib UI, Taqi Z, Taha A, Sulaiman G, Albukhaty S, Al-Shammari A, Alwahibi M, Soliman D, Dewir YH, Rizwana H. Linalool-Loaded Glutathione-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with CALNN Peptide as Apoptosis Inducer and NF-κB Translocation Inhibitor in SKOV-3 Cell Line. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9025-9047. [PMID: 33235450 PMCID: PMC7680166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s276714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linalool is a monoterpene compound with various potential therapeutic applications in several medical fields. Previous studies have indicated the activity of linalool against cell lines; however, its high level of toxicity restricts its use. The aim of this study was to design and manufacture compounds with a novel structure that can be used for loading linalool, to reduce its toxicity and improve its reachable ability. Methods We synthesized and characterized a new molecule for loading linalool onto gold nanoparticles (GNPs) capped with glutathione and conjugated with a CALNN peptide. Linalool was loaded onto the GNPs via the reaction of the surface groups of both linalool and the GNPs. Moreover, the target peptide could be loaded onto the surface of the GNPs via a chemical reaction. The cytotoxic effects of linalool–GNP (LG) and linalool–GNP–CALNN peptide (LGC) conjugates against ovarian cancer cells were investigated, as were the possible mechanisms underlying the induction of apoptosis. Results Our findings illustrated the significant antiproliferative effect of LG and LGC on SKOV-3 cells. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that LG and LGC were selectively toxic in cancer cells and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-8, the p53 protein, and various proteins involved in apoptosis. The present data demonstrated that LG and LGC have a high therapeutic potential and should be given particular consideration as anticancer drug-delivery systems, as LG and LGC were remarkably more cytotoxic against a cancer cell line than were linalool and GNPs alone. Conclusion We concluded that LG and LGC are promising compounds that can be used for treating ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cells via the induction of apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jabir
- University of Technology, Department of Applied Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama I Sahib
- University of Technology, Department of Applied Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Taqi
- University of Technology, Department of Applied Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Taha
- University of Technology, Department of Applied Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ghassan Sulaiman
- University of Technology, Department of Applied Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- University of Misan, Department of Basic Science, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Al-Shammari
- Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Experimental Therapy Department, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mona Alwahibi
- King Saud University, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Soliman
- King Saud University, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Kafrelsheikh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Humaira Rizwana
- King Saud University, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Low-level laser irradiation potentiates anticancer activity of p-coumaric acid against human malignant melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:136-146. [PMID: 30855528 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid (PCA) is a kind of phenolic compound, and as one of the cinnamic acid derivatives, it has many biological functions such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anticancer activity. Low-level laser irradiation has received increasing interest in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. In this study, the effect of low-level laser irradiation on human fibroblast cells (human dermal fibroblast) and human melanoma cancer cells (A375 and SK-MEL-37) treated with PCA was investigated. The human dermal fibroblast, A375, and SK-MEL-37 cells were exposed to low-level laser at 660-nm wavelength with 3 J/cm for 90 s, and then the cells were treated with different concentrations of PCA (0-1000 μg/ml for 24 h), separately. In another experiment, first the cells were treated by PCA and then irradiated with low-level laser as described before. The effect of various irradiation energy (1-6 J/cm) on the melanoma cells, which were then treated by PCA, was studied. The cell viability using MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay was determined. Morphological changes owing to apoptosis induction by irradiation and PCA were detected by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining. The results showed that pretreatment with low-level laser irradiation and then PCA reduced the survival and growth of melanoma cells more than the early treatment with PCA and then low-level laser irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced significantly by preirradiation and then PCA treatment in comparison with the dark group in melanoma cells. The cell cytotoxicity at different irradiation energy and then IC50 concentration of PCA was increased up to 3 J/cm and then decreased following increasing irradiation energy. The morphology study with light microscopy and apoptotic assay using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining confirmed the MTT results. This study showed that low-level laser irradiation alone is not able to kill human normal fibroblast and human melanoma cancer cells. Preirradiation followed by treatment with PCA did not change the cell viability in human fibroblast significantly but reduced the cell viability in melanoma cells presumably through the apoptosis pathway.
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Rozpędek W, Pytel D, Wawrzynkiewicz A, Siwecka N, Dziki A, Dziki Ł, Diehl JA, Majsterek I. Use of Small-molecule Inhibitory Compound of PERK-dependent Signaling Pathway as a Promising Target-based Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:223-238. [PMID: 31906838 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200106114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer constitutes one of the most common cancer with a high mortality rate. The newest data has reported that activation of the pro-apoptotic PERK-dependent unfolded protein response signaling pathway by small-molecule inhibitors may constitute an innovative anti-cancer treatment strategy. OBJECTIVE In the presented study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the PERK-dependent unfolded protein response signaling pathway small-molecule inhibitor 42215 both on HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma and CCD 841 CoN normal human colon epithelial cell lines. METHODS Cytotoxicity of the PERK inhibitor was evaluated by the resazurin-based and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests. Apoptotic cell death was measured by flow cytometry using the FITCconjugated Annexin V to indicate apoptosis and propidium iodide to indicate necrosis as well as by colorimetric caspase-3 assay. The effect of tested PERK inhibitor on cell cycle progression was measured by flow cytometry using the propidium iodide staining. The level of the phosphorylated form of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha was detected by the Western blot technique. RESULTS Obtained results showed that investigated PERK inhibitor is selective only toward cancer cells, since inhibited their viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced their apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, 42215 PERK inhibitor evoked significant inhibition of eIF2α phosphorylation within HT-29 cancer cells. CONCLUSION Highly-selective PERK inhibitors may provide a ground-breaking, anti-cancer treatment strategy via activation of the pro-apoptotic branch of the PERK-dependent unfolded protein response signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rozpędek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Adam Wawrzynkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Dziki
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dziki
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071985. [PMID: 32708138 PMCID: PMC7409346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation in clinical settings. Cannabinoids have been suggested and shown to be effective in the treatment of various conditions. In cancer, the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours and can relate to cancer prognosis and disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects in several models by suppressing the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of cancer cells, as well as tumour angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic use of cannabinoids is currently limited to the treatment of symptoms and pain associated with chemotherapy, while their potential use as cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy still requires validation in patients. Along with cannabinoids, cannabis contains several other compounds that have also been shown to exert anti-tumorigenic actions. The potential anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, present in cannabis, are explored in this literature review.
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Cao X, Liu W, Yu H, Ye L. High-level production of linalool by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae harboring dual mevalonate pathways in mitochondria and cytoplasm. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 134:109462. [PMID: 32044019 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Linalool, a valuable monoterpene alcohol, is widely used in cosmetics and flavoring ingredients. However, its scalable production by microbial fermentation is not yet achieved. In this work, considerable increase in linalool production was obtained in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by dual metabolic engineering of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway in both mitochondria and cytoplasm. A farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase mutant ERG20F96W/N127W and a linalool synthase from Cinnamomum osmophloeum (CoLIS) were introduced and meanwhile the endogenous ERG20 was down-regulated to prevent the competitive loss of precursor. In addition, overexpression of the proteins of CoLIS and ERG20F96W/N127W and another copy of the same enzymes CoLIS/ERG20F96W/N127W with mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) were carried out to further pull the flux to linalool. Finally, a maximum linalool titer of 23.45 mg/L was obtained in a batch fermentation with sucrose as carbon source. This combinatorial engineering strategy may provide hints for biosynthesis of other monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhang
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jin Wang
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xianshuang Cao
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Wei Liu
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Polyphenols as Immunomodulatory Compounds in the Tumor Microenvironment: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071714. [PMID: 30959898 PMCID: PMC6479528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural antioxidant compounds ubiquitously found in plants and, thus, ever present in human nutrition (tea, wine, chocolate, fruits and vegetables are typical examples of polyphenol-rich foods). Widespread evidence indicate that polyphenols exert strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities, and thus, they are generally regarded to as all-purpose beneficial nutraceuticals or supplements whose use can only have a positive influence on the body. A closer look to the large body of results of years of investigations, however, present a more complex scenario where polyphenols exert different and, sometimes, paradoxical effects depending on dose, target system and cell type and the biological status of the target cell. Particularly, the immunomodulatory potential of polyphenols presents two opposite faces to researchers trying to evaluate their usability in future cancer therapies: on one hand, these compounds could be beneficial suppressors of peri-tumoral inflammation that fuels cancer growth. On the other hand, they might suppress immunotherapeutic approaches and give rise to immunosuppressive cell clones that, in turn, would aid tumor growth and dissemination. In this review, we summarize knowledge of the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols with a particular focus on cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy, highlighting conceptual pitfalls and delicate cell-specific effects in order to aid the design of future therapies involving polyphenols as chemoadjuvants.
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Saeidi M, Asili J, Emami SA, Moshtaghi N, Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi S. Comparative volatile composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic evaluation of the essential oil of Zhumeria majdae from south of Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:80-85. [PMID: 30944712 PMCID: PMC6437462 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.20829.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to evaluate variations in yields, volatile composition and biological activities of essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae collected from five localities of the south of Iran. Materials and Methods: The EOs were analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The antioxidant activity of the EOs was tested using DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. In vitro cytotoxicity was tested against two cancer cell lines (A375 and MCF7) using MTT assay. Results: The oils yield varied from 6.3% (S2) to 10.2% (V/W) (S4). All of five investigated EOs samples presented three major compounds: linalool (24.4-34.6%), camphor (26.1-34.7%) and trans-linalool oxide (7.6-28.6%). Although the main constituents were common, their percentages were different. Among samples, S1 had a better antioxidant activity in both DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods (IC50= 8.01 and 11.77 mg/ml, respectively). In vitro cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines of human melanoma cell line (A375) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7), showed a moderate cytotoxicity of S3 against A375 cells with IC50 value of 624 μg/ml. Conclusion: Tangezagh (S4) plant materials revealed the highest level of oil yield as the region is recommended for collecting the plant samples.Taken together, despite the weak antioxidant and moderate cytotoxic activities of tested EOs, this study suggested a proper potential for possible use of the EOs of Z. majdae for pharmaceutical and perfume industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Saeidi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Moshtaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Medeiros PSC, de Carvalho ALMB, Ruano C, Otero JC, Marques MPM. The Impact of Antioxidants from the Diet on Breast Cancer Cells Monitored by Raman Microspectroscopy. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180502120804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:The impact of the ubiquitous dietary phenolic compound p-coumaric acid on human breast cancer cells was assessed, through a multidisciplinary approach: Combined biological assays for cytotoxicity evaluation and biochemical profiling by Raman microspectroscopic analysis in cells. </P><P> Methods: Para-coumaric acid was shown to exert in vitro chemoprotective and antitumor activities, depending on the concentration and cell line probed: a significant anti-invasive ability was detected for the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, while a high pro-oxidant effect was found for the estrogen- dependent MCF-7 cells. A striking cell selectivity was obtained, with a more noticeable outcome on the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line.Results:The main impact on the cellular biochemical profile was verified to be on proteins and lipids, thus justifying the compound´s anti-invasive effect and chemoprotective ability.Conclusion:p-Coumaric acid was thus shown to be a promising chemoprotective/chemotherapeutic agent, particularly against the low prognosis triple-negative human breast adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Ruano
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Otero
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Malaga, Spain
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Linalool bioactive properties and potential applicability in drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:566-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pereira I, Zielińska A, Ferreira NR, Silva AM, Souto EB. Optimization of linalool-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using experimental factorial design and long-term stability studies with a new centrifugal sedimentation method. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:261-270. [PMID: 30075252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Linalool (C10H18O), also known as 3, 7-dimethyl-1, 6-octadien-3-ol, is the most common acyclic monoterpene tertiary alcohol present in essential oils of several aromatic plant species. Previous studies indicate that linalool is a valuable compound with a wide range of therapeutic properties. The promising therapeutic effects of linalool are however limited by its poor water solubility and volatility. Recently, the encapsulation of linalool in drug delivery systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) has demonstrated to overcome linalool physicochemical limitations. The present study aimed the production and optimization of linalool encapsulation in SLN applying the experimental full factorial design. The estimation of the long-term stability of the produced linalool-loaded SLN was carried out using a new centrifugal sedimentation method, LUMiSizer®. SLN dispersions were produced by the hot high pressure homogenization (HPH) method. The influence of the independent variables, surfactant and lipid concentrations on linalool-loaded SLN particle size, polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential (ZP) was evaluated by a 22 factorial design composed of 2 variables which were set at 2-levels each. For each of the three dependent variables, analysis of the variance (ANOVA) was performed using a 95% confidence interval. The concentration of surfactant, as well as, the interaction between the different concentrations of lipid and surfactant, hada statistically significant effect on the particle size and PI. Experimental factorial design has been successfully employed to develop an optimal SLN dispersion, requiring a minimum of performed experiments. Based on the obtained results, the optimal linalool-loaded SLN dispersion was composed of 1% (w/v) linalool 2% (w/v) of solid lipid and 5% (w/v) of surfactant. Furthermore, the stability analysis revealed that the produced linalool-loaded SLN dispersions have limited storage stability which can be easily overcome through the assembly of a polymeric coating on the SLN surface. LUMiSizer® has been successfully used in the kinetic analysis of linalool-SLN during accelerated storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Nuno R Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CQ Pharma, (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mangifera indica (Mango). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:6949835. [PMID: 29456572 PMCID: PMC5804368 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6949835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mangifera indica (family Anacardiaceae), commonly known as mango, is a pharmacologically, ethnomedically, and phytochemically diverse plant. Various parts of M. indica tree have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different ailments, and a number of bioactive phytochemical constituents of M. indica have been reported, namely, polyphenols, terpenes, sterols, carotenoids, vitamins, and amino acids, and so forth. Several studies have proven the pharmacological potential of different parts of mango trees such as leaves, bark, fruit peel and flesh, roots, and flowers as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiplasmodial, and antihyperlipemic. In the present review, a comprehensive study on ethnopharmacological applications, pharmacological activities, and bioactive compounds of M. indica has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90 Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90 Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameera Ranganath Samarakoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90 Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
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Budama Kilinc Y, Cakir Koc R, Kaya Z. Preparation and Cytotoxicity of Coriandrum Sativum L. Oil Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.323798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Amber R, Adnan M, Tariq A, Mussarat S. A review on antiviral activity of the Himalayan medicinal plants traditionally used to treat bronchitis and related symptoms. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 69:109-122. [PMID: 27905101 PMCID: PMC7166987 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Bronchitis is a common respiratory tract infection of humans mainly caused by influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus and respiratory syncytial virus. The aim of this review was to gather fragmented literature on ethnomedicinal plants used against bronchitis in the Himalayan region and their in-vitro validation against bronchitis causing viral pathogens. Key findings Present review contains ethnomedicines of total 55 plants from different countries of the Himalayas. Most of the literature reported was from India followed by Pakistan, China and Nepal. Familiarly used plant families for bronchitis treatment in the Himalayan region were Leguminosae (six plants) and Lamiaceae (five plants). Leaves and roots were the most common parts used in ethnomedicines against bronchitis. Of these 55 plants, only six plants have been studied in vitro against viral pathogens causing bronchitis. Different compounds like monoterpenoids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, sesquiterpenes, benzoic and phenolic compounds were reportedly isolated from these plant extracts having strong antiviral potential. Summary The Himalayan regions possess variety of ethnomedicinal plants used against respiratory diseases, but still there are only few studies related with their in-vitro validation. We invite the attention of researchers for detailed ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on unexplored plants used to treat bronchitis for the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahila Amber
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Anantharaju PG, Gowda PC, Vimalambike MG, Madhunapantula SV. An overview on the role of dietary phenolics for the treatment of cancers. Nutr J 2016; 15:99. [PMID: 27903278 PMCID: PMC5131407 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant derived phenolic compounds have been shown to inhibit the initiation and progression of cancers by modulating genes regulating key processes such as: (a) oncogenic transformation of normal cells; (b) growth and development of tumors; and (c) angiogenesis and metastasis. Recent studies focusing on identifying the molecular basis of plant phenolics-induced cancer cell death have demonstrated down-regulation of: (a) oncogenic survival kinases such as PI3K and Akt; (b) cell proliferation regulators that include Erk1/2, D-type Cyclins, and Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs); (c) transcription factors such as NF-kβ, NRF2 and STATs; (d) histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2; and (e) angiogenic factors VEGF, FGFR1 and MIC-1. Furthermore, while inhibiting oncogenic proteins, the phenolic compounds elevate the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p53, PTEN, p21, and p27. In addition, plant phenolic compounds and the herbal extracts rich in phenolic compounds modulate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells thereby regulate cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that phenolic compounds undergo transformation in gut microbiota thereby acquire additional properties that promote their biological activities. In vitro observations, preclinical and epidemiological studies have shown the involvement of plant phenolic acids in retarding the cancer growth. However, to date, there is no clinical trial as such testing the role of plant phenolic compounds for inhibiting tumor growth in humans. More over, several variations in response to phenolic acid rich diets-mediated treatment among individuals have also been reported, raising concerns about whether phenolic acids could be used for treating cancers. Therefore, we have made an attempt to (a) address the key structural features of phenolic acids required for exhibiting potent anti-cancer activity; (b) review the reported findings about the mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds and their transformation by gut microbiota; and (c) update the toxicological aspects and anti-tumor properties of phenolic compounds and extracts containing phenolic compounds in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi G Anantharaju
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathima C Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | | | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India.
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Iwasaki K, Zheng YW, Murata S, Ito H, Nakayama K, Kurokawa T, Sano N, Nowatari T, Villareal MO, Nagano YN, Isoda H, Matsui H, Ohkohchi N. Anticancer effect of linalool via cancer-specific hydroxyl radical generation in human colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9765-9774. [PMID: 27956800 PMCID: PMC5124981 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i44.9765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anticancer mechanisms of the monoterpenoid alcohol linalool in human colon cancer cells.
METHODS The cytotoxic effect of linalool on the human colon cancer cell lines and a human fibroblast cell line was examined using the WST-8 assay. The apoptosis-inducing effect of linalool was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay and flow cytometry with Annexin V. Oxidative stress was investigated by staining for diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine, which is a cellular lipid peroxidation marker, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Sixteen SCID mice xenografted with human cancer cells were randomized into 3 groups for in vivo analysis: control and low-dose and high-dose linalool groups. The control group was administered tap water orally every 3 d. The linalool treatment groups were administered 100 or 200 μg/kg linalool solution orally for the same period. All mice were sacrificed under anesthesia 21 d after tumor inoculation, and tumors and organs were collected for immunohistochemistry using an anti-4-hydroxynonenal antibody. Tumor weights were measured and compared between groups.
RESULTS Linalool induced apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro, following the cancer-specific induction of oxidative stress, which was measured based on spontaneous hydroxyl radical production and delayed lipid peroxidation. Mice in the high-dose linalool group exhibited a 55% reduction in mean xenograft tumor weight compared with mice in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, tumor-specific lipid peroxidation was observed in the in vivo model.
CONCLUSION Linalool exhibited an anticancer effect via cancer-specific oxidative stress, and this agent has potential for application in colon cancer therapy.
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Comparison of the Essential Oil Composition of Selected Impatiens Species and Its Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091162. [PMID: 27598111 PMCID: PMC6274178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper describes the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from four Impatiens species, Impatiens glandulifera Royle, I. parviflora DC., I. balsamina L. and I. noli-tangere L. The GC and GC-MS methods resulted in identification of 226 volatile compounds comprising from 61.7%-88.2% of the total amount. The essential oils differed significantly in their composition. Fifteen compounds were shared among the essential oils of all investigated Impatiens species. The majority of these constituents was linalool (0.7%-15.1%), hexanal (0.2%-5.3%) and benzaldehyde (0.1%-10.2%). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the essential oils was investigated using different methods. The chemical composition of the essential oils and its antioxidant evaluation are reported for the first time from the investigated taxon.
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da Silva JKR, Maia JGS, Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Properties of Aniba parviflora Essential Oils from the Amazon. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from leaves and branches of Aniba parviflora (Meisn.) Mez were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were the most representative compound class in both EOs ( ≅ 40%). However, the leaf EO was rich in β-phellandrene (15.1%), linalool (14.1%), and γ-eudesmol (12.9%). The EO from the branches showed high concentrations of γ-eudesmol (16.8%), β-caryophyllene (15.7%), linalool (12.4%), β-phellandrene (6.7%), and bicyclogermacrene (6.0%). The EOs were screened for radical-scavenging activity using the DPPH assay. In the DPPH assay, the EOs showed an antioxidant activity with TEAC values of 296.8 ± 20.2 and 357.3 ± 43.8 mg.TE.mL−1, about one-third that of the Trolox standard. The EOs were subjected to antibacterial screening and displayed promising activity against Escherichia coli (MIC < 19.5 μg.mL−1). In addition, the EOs were tested for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast tumor cells and the leaf EO (IC50 = 67.9 ± 3.0 μg.mL−1) was more active than that from the branches (IC50 = 102.2 ± 3.0 μg.mL−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Kelly R. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68035-110, Brazil
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Zhao Y, Chen R, Wang Y, Qing C, Wang W, Yang Y. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Studies of Lavender angustifolia Essential Oil and Its Active Constituents on the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:215-226. [PMID: 27151584 PMCID: PMC5739122 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416645408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavandula angustifolia is the most widely cultivated Lavandula species. The extraction of its flower and leaves has been used as herbal medicine. In this study, the in vitro antitumor activities were tested on human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cell lines. Flow cytometry technology was applied to study apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The PC-3 cell line was used to establish subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice. Paraffin sections from xenograft tumor specimens were used in the TUNEL (terminal deocynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay and an immunohistochemistry assay to detect cell proliferation markers Ki67 and PCNA. Lavender essential oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate showed stronger inhibitory effect on PC-3 cells than on DU145 cells. The apoptotic cell populations observed in PC-3 cells treated with lavender essential oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate were 74.76%, 67.11%, and 56.14%, respectively. The PC-3 cells were mainly arrested in the G2/M phase. In the xenograft model with PC-3 cell transplantation, essential oil and linalool significantly suppressed tumor growth. The immunosignals of Ki67 and PCNA in the essential oil, linalool, and linalyl acetate treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the control group in xenograft tumor sections. The TUNEL assay indicated that each of the 3 phytochemicals significantly induced apoptosis compared to the control group. This study provides novel insight and evidence on the antiproliferative effect of L angustifolia essential oil and its major constituents on human prostate cancer. The antitumor effect was associated with cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in xenograft tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhao
- 1 Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- 1 Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- 1 Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qing
- 1 Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Yang
- 2 Emporia State University, Emporia, KS, USA
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Phenolics-saponins rich fraction of defatted kenaf seed meal exhibits cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Oladimeji AO, Babatunde O, Musa RT, M'civer FA, Lawal AT, Ogunwande IA. GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic activity of essential oils from the leaves of Abrus precatorius L. Gaertn. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karabín M, Hudcová T, Jelínek L, Dostálek P. Biologically Active Compounds from Hops and Prospects for Their Use. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:542-567. [PMID: 33401815 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although female cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) are known primarily as raw material supplying characteristic bitterness and aroma to beer, their equally significant health-promoting effects have been known to mankind for several thousand years and hop is a plant traditionally utilized in folk medicine. This paper summarizes the scientific knowledge on the effects of all 3 major groups of secondary metabolites of hops; polyphenols, essential oils, and resins. Because of their chemical diversity, it is no coincidence that these compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacologically important properties. In addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer-related properties, particular attention is being paid to prenylflavonoids that occur almost exclusively in hops and are considered to be some of the most active phytoestrogens known. Hop oils and resins are well known for their sedative and other neuropharmacological properties, but in addition, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recently, alpha bitter acids have been shown to block the development of a number of complex lifestyle diseases that are referred to by the collective name "metabolic syndrome." Information presented in this review confirms the significant potential for the use of hops in the pharmaceutical industry and provides an understanding of beer as a natural drink that, although moderately consumed, may become a source of many health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Karabín
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hudcová
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Jelínek
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dostálek
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Han HD, Cho YJ, Cho SK, Byeon Y, Jeon HN, Kim HS, Kim BG, Bae DS, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Shin BC, Park YM, Lee JW. Linalool-Incorporated Nanoparticles as a Novel Anticancer Agent for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:618-27. [PMID: 26861249 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0733-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cytotoxic chemotherapy is widely used against epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), adverse side effects and emergence of resistance can limit its utility. Therefore, new drugs with systemic delivery platforms are urgently needed for this disease. In this study, we developed linalool-incorporated nanoparticles (LIN-NP) as a novel anticancer agent. We prepared LIN-NPs by the self-assembly water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion method. LIN-NP-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis was assessed in EOC cells, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as the mechanism of action was evaluated. In addition, therapeutic efficacy of LIN-NP was assessed in cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for EOC. LIN-NPs had significant cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity against EOC cells, including A2780, HeyA8, and SKOV3ip1. LIN-NP treatment increased apoptosis in EOC cells through ROS generation and a subsequent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in caspase-3 levels. In addition, 100 mg/kg LIN-NPs significantly decreased tumor weight in the HeyA8 (P < 0.001) and SKOV3ip1 (P = 0.006) in vivo models. Although treatment with 50 mg/kg LIN-NP did not decrease tumor weight compared with the control group, combination treatment with paclitaxel significantly decreased tumor weight compared with paclitaxel alone in SKOV3ip1 xenografts (P = 0.004) and the patient-derived xenograft model (P = 0.020). We have developed LIN-NPs that induce ROS generation as a novel anticancer agent for EOC. These findings have broad applications for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 618-27. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Keun Cho
- Research Center for Medicinal Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeongseon Byeon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hat Nim Jeon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Byung Cheol Shin
- Research Center for Medicinal Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Subramanian AP, John AA, Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Jaganathan SK, Mandal M, Supriyanto E. Honey and its Phytochemicals: Plausible Agents in Combating Colon Cancer through its Diversified Actions. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Priyadharshni Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Agnes Aruna John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; West Bengal India
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
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