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Milinčić DD, Vidović BB, Gašić UM, Milenković M, Kostić AŽ, Stanojević SP, Ilić T, Pešić MB. A systematic UHPLC Q-ToF MS approach for the characterization of bioactive compounds from freeze-dried red goji berries (L. barbarum L.) grown in Serbia: Phenolic compounds and phenylamides. Food Chem 2024; 456:140044. [PMID: 38876071 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterise different classes of bioactive compounds from freeze-dried red goji berries (RGB) grown in Serbia, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-ToF MS). In addition, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of applying the advanced UHPLC Q-ToF MS technique in the identification of various biocompounds. The analysis showed the presence of 28 phenolic compounds, 3 organic acids, and 26 phenylamides. The 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) was identified by UHPLC Q-ToF MS and quantified by standardised UHPLC-DAD method. Most of the compounds detected were derivatives of caffeic acid and ferulic acid, followed by quercetin derivatives. Among the phenylamides, several glucosylated caffeoyl and/or dihydrocaffeoyl derivatives of spermidine and spermine were characterized, confirming their recent characterization. Some glycosylated/non-glycosylated putrescine derivatives and caffeoyl-dihydrocaffeoyl-feruloyl spermidines were identified in goji berriesfor the first time. Their tentative structures and fragmentations were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel D Milinčić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Vidović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš M Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Milenković
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana P Stanojević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T Ilić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zheng Y, Schlag S, Wernlein T, Vetter W. Comprehensive gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis of sterols in red goji berries (Lycium sp.). Food Chem 2024; 453:139640. [PMID: 38762945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and fractionation steps were used to determine the sterol patterns of red goji berries in detail. Twenty-five sterols were detected in fresh berries of two species (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense) from bushes grown in the botanical garden of the University of Hohenheim, and 20 sterols were identified. The rarely occurring campesta-5,24(25)-dienol, β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol, campesterol, and cycloartenol represented >60 % of the total sterol content. Maturity and drying of fresh red goji berries caused small changes but did not affect the characteristic sterol pattern. This was confirmed by analyzing various commercial dried red goji berry samples from different sources. Separated flesh and seed samples revealed pronounced differences in the sterol pattern. A new method of merging GC/MS chromatograms showed that ∼75 % of the sterols were present in seeds and ∼25 % in flesh. The unique sterol profile may be exploited to authenticate red goji berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170a), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schlag
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Tanja Wernlein
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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3
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Hu W, Nie Y, Huang L, Qian D. Contribution of phenolamides to the quality evaluation in Lycium spp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118220. [PMID: 38657878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Goji berry is a general term for various plant species in the genus Lycium. Goji has long been historically used in traditional Chinese medicines. Goji is a representative tonic medicine that has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney and benefiting the essence and eyesight. It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea and blood deficiency, since ancient times. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study aims to comprehensively summarize the quality evaluation methods of the main compounds in goji, as well as the current research status of the phenolamides in goji and their pharmacological effects, to explore the feasibility of using phenolamides as quality control markers and thus improve the quality and efficacy in goji. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, CNKI and other databases was comprehensively collected, screened and summarized. RESULTS According to the collected literature, the quality evaluation markers of goji in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China are Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and betaine. As a result of its structure complexity, only the total level of LBP can be determined, while betaine is not prominent in the pharmacological action of goji and lacks species distinctiveness. Neither of them can well explain the quality of goji. KuA and KuB are commonly used as quality evaluation markers of the Lycii cortex because of their high levels and suitable pharmacological activity. Goji is rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and alkaloids. Many studies have used the above compounds to establish quality evaluation methods but the results have not been satisfactory. Phenolamides have often been neglected in previous studies because of their low single compound levels and high separation difficulty. However, in recent years, the favorable pharmacological activities of phenolamides have been gradually recognized, and studies on goji phenolamides are greatly increasing. In addition, phenolamides have higher species distinctiveness than other compounds and can be combined with other compounds to better evaluate the quality of goji to improve its average quality. CONCLUSIONS The phenolamides in the goji are rich and play a key role in antioxidation, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. As a result of their characteristics, it is suitable to evaluate the quality by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker and fingerprint. This method can be combined with other techniques to improve the quality evaluation system of goji, which lays a foundation for their effectiveness and provides a reference for new quality evaluation methods of similar herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yinglan Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dan Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Miranda MR, Basilicata MG, Vestuto V, Aquino G, Marino P, Salviati E, Ciaglia T, Domínguez-Rodríguez G, Moltedo O, Campiglia P, Pepe G, Manfra M. Anticancer Therapies Based on Oxidative Damage: Lycium barbarum Inhibits the Proliferation of MCF-7 Cells by Activating Pyroptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:708. [PMID: 38929147 PMCID: PMC11200455 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum, commonly recognized as goji berry or wolfberry, is highly appreciated not only for its organoleptic and nutritional properties but also as an important source of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, carotenoids, phenolics, and various other non-nutritive compounds. These constituents give it a multitude of health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, the precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for its anticancer effects remain unclear, and the comprehensive composition of goji berry extracts is often insufficiently explored. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical pathways modulated in breast cancer cells by an ethanolic extract of Lycium barbarum fruit (LBE). Following metabolomic profiling using UHPLC-HRMS/MS, we assessed the antitumoral properties of LBE on different breast cancer cell lines. This investigation revealed that LBE exhibited cytotoxic effects, inducing a pro-oxidant effect that triggered pyroptosis activation through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent activation of the P-IRE1α/XBP1/NLRP3 axis in MCF-7 cells. In addition, LBE did not display cytotoxicity toward healthy human cells but demonstrated antioxidant properties by neutralizing ROS generated by doxorubicin. These findings underscore the potential of LBE as a highly promising natural extract in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giovanna Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Marino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.A.); (E.S.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.M.); (M.M.)
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Liao W, Zhang R, Chen G, Ma L, Yu H. The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1531. [PMID: 38891336 PMCID: PMC11174690 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural plants contain numerous chemical compounds that are beneficial to human health. The berries from the Lycium genus are widely consumed and are highly nutritious. Moreover, their chemical constituents have attracted attention for their health-promoting properties. In East Asia, there are three varieties of the Lycium genus (Lycium barbarum L., Lycium chinense Miller, and L. ruthenicum Murray) that possess medicinal value and are commonly used for treating chronic diseases and improving metabolic disorders. These varieties are locally referred to as "red Goji berries" or "black Goji berries" due to their distinct colors, and they differ in their chemical compositions, primarily in terms of carotenoid and anthocyanin content. The pharmacological functions of these berries include anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-exercise fatigue effects. This review aims to analyze previous and recent studies on the active ingredients and pharmacological activities of these Lycium varieties, elucidating their signaling pathways and assessing their impact on the gut microbiota. Furthermore, the potential prospects for using these active ingredients in the treatment of COVID-19 are evaluated. This review explores the potential targets of these Lycium varieties in the treatment of relevant diseases, highlighting their potential value in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Ma
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (C.J.); (Z.C.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (G.C.)
| | - Haijie Yu
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (C.J.); (Z.C.); (W.L.); (R.Z.); (G.C.)
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6
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Li SY, Wang GQ, Long L, Gao JL, Zhou ZQ, Wang YH, Lv JM, Chen GD, Hu D, Abe I, Gao H. Functional and structural dissection of glycosyltransferases underlying the glycodiversity of wolfberry-derived bioactive ingredients lycibarbarspermidines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4588. [PMID: 38816433 PMCID: PMC11139883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycibarbarspermidines are unusual phenolamide glycosides characterized by a dicaffeoylspermidine core with multiple glycosyl substitutions, and serve as a major class of bioactive ingredients in the wolfberry. So far, little is known about the enzymatic basis of the glycosylation of phenolamides including dicaffeoylspermidine. Here, we identify five lycibarbarspermidine glycosyltransferases, LbUGT1-5, which are the first phenolamide-type glycosyltransferases and catalyze regioselective glycosylation of dicaffeoylspermidines to form structurally diverse lycibarbarspermidines in wolfberry. Notably, LbUGT3 acts as a distinctive enzyme that catalyzes a tandem sugar transfer to the ortho-dihydroxy group on the caffeoyl moiety to form the unusual ortho-diglucosylated product, while LbUGT1 accurately discriminates caffeoyl and dihydrocaffeoyl groups to catalyze a site-selective sugar transfer. Crystal structure analysis of the complexes of LbUGT1 and LbUGT3 with UDP, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, revealed the structural basis of the difference in glycosylation selectivity between LbUGT1 and LbUGT3. Site-directed mutagenesis illuminates a conserved tyrosine residue (Y389 in LbUGT1 and Y390 in LbUGT3) in PSPG box that plays a crucial role in regulating the regioselectivity of LbUGT1 and LbUGT3. Our study thus sheds light on the enzymatic underpinnings of the chemical diversity of lycibarbarspermidines in wolfberry, and expands the repertoire of glycosyltransferases in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yang Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liang Long
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Ling Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Cheng Y, Chen K, He D, He Y, Lei Y, Sun Y. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of the Rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum L. from Four Main Producing Areas in Northwest China and Their Effect on Plant Growth. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:286. [PMID: 38667957 PMCID: PMC11050802 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants absorb more mineral nutrients after they colonize plant roots, and the mycelia harmonize the soil structure and physical and chemical properties by secreting compounds. AMF species co-evolve with their habitat's geographic conditions and hosts; this gradually causes differences in the AMF species. By using Melzer's reagent to analyze the morphology and using Illumina Miseq sequencing technology to perform the molecular identification of AMF communities among the four typical L. barbarum planting areas (Zhongning, Guyuan, Jinghe, and Dulan) investigated, the variety of L. barbarum roots and rhizosphere AMF communities was greater in the Zhongning area, and every region additionally had endemic species. The successfully amplified AMF was re-applied to the L. barbarum seedlings. We found that the total dry weight and accumulation of potassium increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the root volume and number of root branches were significantly higher in the plants that were inoculated with Paraglomus VTX00375 in the pot experiment, indicating that AMF improves root development and promotes plant growth. We have investigated AMF germplasm species in four regions, and we are committed to the development of native AMF resources. The multiplication and application of AMF will be conducive to realizing the potential role of biology in the maintenance of agroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Cheng
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Kaili Chen
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Dalun He
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Yaling He
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Yonghui Lei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
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8
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Koşar M, Karatoprak GŞ, Atlı B, İlgün S, Köngül Şafak E, Öztinen N, Akçakaya Mutlu S, Ak Sakallı E. Unveiling the Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Chemical Compositional Information of an Invasive Plant: Lycium ferocissimum Miers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1035. [PMID: 38611563 PMCID: PMC11013897 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging, ferric-reducing, iron (II)-chelating), anti-inflammatory (LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cell line), and cytotoxic activities (Du145 and A549 cell lines) of raw fruit, ripe fruit and leaves of the Lycium ferocissimum species were examined. By using high-pressure liquid chromatography, p-OH benzoic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were detected in the ethanol and water extracts. For the most active raw fruit ethanol extract, the IC50 in terms of the DPPH-scavenging activity was 0.57 mg/mL, and the ABTS inhibition percentage was 88.73% at a 3 mg/mL concentration. The raw fruit ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of viability in the Du145 cell line in the concentration range of 62.5-1000 µg/mL. Additionally, the extract effectively reduced the LPS-induced inflammation parameters (TNF-α, IFN-γ, PGE 2, and NO) at a concentration of 31.25 µg/mL. The biological activities of L. ferocissimum, which have been elucidated for the first time, have yielded promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müberra Koşar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (G.Ş.K.); (E.K.Ş.)
| | - Beste Atlı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (S.İ.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Esra Köngül Şafak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (G.Ş.K.); (E.K.Ş.)
| | - Nesrin Öztinen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Sena Akçakaya Mutlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye; (S.İ.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Ezgi Ak Sakallı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus, Via Mersin-10, 99628 Famagusta, Türkiye; (B.A.); (N.Ö.); (E.A.S.)
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PING Y, LIU J, WANG H, WANG Y, QIU H, ZHANG Y. Research progress in the treatment of an immune system disease-type 1 diabetes-by regulating the intestinal flora with Chinese medicine and food homologous drugs. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:150-161. [PMID: 38966054 PMCID: PMC11220337 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific autoimmune disease related to genetic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies have found that the intestinal flora is one of the important environmental factors in the development of T1D. The gut microbiota is the largest microbiota in the human body and has a significant impact on material and energy metabolism. Related studies have found that the intestinal floras of T1D patients are unbalanced. Compared with normal patients, the abundance of beneficial bacteria is reduced, and various pathogenic bacteria are significantly increased, affecting the occurrence and development of diabetes. Medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a multicomponent, multitarget, and biphasic regulatory effect. Its chemical composition can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, improve the diversity of the intestinal flora, reduce blood sugar, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating T1D by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites. Therefore, based on a review of T1D, intestinal flora, and TCM derived from medicine and food, this review describes the relationship between T1D and the intestinal flora, as well as the research progress of TCM interventions for T1D through regulation of the intestinal flora. Medicine and food homologous TCM has certain advantages in treating diabetes and regulating the intestinal flora. It can be seen that there is still great research space and broad development prospects for the treatment of diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora with drug and food homologous TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang PING
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi
154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianing LIU
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huilin WANG
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan WANG
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbin QIU
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007,
Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi
154007, Heilongjiang, China
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10
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Mancak M, Altintas D, Balaban Y, Caliskan UK. Evidence-based herbal treatments in liver diseases. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2024; 5:50-60. [PMID: 38283267 PMCID: PMC10809338 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The liver is the main organ for metabolic and detoxification reactions in the body. Therefore, its diseases can be associated with both metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and exogenous insults such as drugs, xenobiotics, or alcohol. Indeed, lifestyle changes are the primary approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Since ancient times, herbals have also been used for preventive and therapeutic purposes, because of their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Here, the literature was reviewed for potential therapeutic effects of plants and their compounds by including in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials. Although the available data imply some beneficial roles of herbals on the liver, the indications and posology of specific plants need to be clarified through multicenter, randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methiye Mancak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Dudu Altintas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Duzce University Faculty of Pharmacy, Duzce, Turkiye
| | - Yasemin Balaban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ufuk Koca Caliskan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkiye
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11
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Zhu C, Zhang Z, Wang S, Sun Z. Study on the mechanism of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in sedation and tranquillising mind. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10756-x. [PMID: 37917323 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the pharmacological mechanism of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in sedation and tranquillising mind using network pharmacology methods. The findings of this study aimed to serve as a reference for the development of novel drugs and the clinical expansion and application of traditional Chinese medicine formulas. The chemical constituents and therapeutic targets of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were acquired from TCMSP, HERB, and ETCM databases. Active components were identified using ADME criteria, while the primary targets associated with sedation and mental tranquillity were obtained from GENECARDS, OMIM, and DRUGBANK databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted using the STRING platform to investigate potential functional protein modules by the network. The METASCAPE platform was employed for the study of the "component-target" and its associated biological processes and pathways. Subsequently, the "component-target" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. Finally, the validation of molecular docking was conducted through AUTODOCK. The findings revealed that Quercetin, Atropine, Dauricine, (S)-Coclaurine, and other active ingredients were identified as the core constituents of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. Additionally, PTGS2, PTGS1, MAOB, GABRA1, SLC6A2, ADRB2, CHRM1, HTR2A, and other targets were identified as the core targets. The results of the molecular docking analysis demonstrated that Quercetin, Atropine, Dauricine, and (S)-Coclaurine exhibited binding solid affinity towards PTGS2 and PTGS1. The predominant biological pathways associated with sedation and tranquilisation primarily involved Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and activation of receptors involved in chemical carcinogenesis. This study provided initial findings on the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism underlying the sedative and tranquillising effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. These findings had the potential to serve as a foundation for the future development and utilisation of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhengru Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shangtao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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12
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Zeng X, Zhao W, Wang S, Xiong H, Wu J, Ren J. L. barbarum (Lycium barbarum L.) supplementation for lipid profiles in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34952. [PMID: 37773857 PMCID: PMC10545344 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a global health concern with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) is widely used as a medicinal and functional food, and evidence suggests that it may be beneficial for lipid management. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of L. barbarum supplementation on lipid profiles in adults. METHODS PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until October 2022. The random-effect model was applied, and the pooled effect sizes were expressed as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials involving 259 subjects indicated that L. barbarum supplementation significantly decreased the triglyceride (TG) concentration (MD: 0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) (MD: -0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.01). However, the reductions in total cholesterol (TC) concentration (MD: 0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.59) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (MD: 0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.89) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present study showed that L. barbarum supplementation might have some beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C concentrations in adults, and L. barbarum fruit has an even greater effect on TG and HDL-C concentrations. Considering the sensitivity analyses and limitations of the study included, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Siming Wang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Huazhong Xiong
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Junliang Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jixiang Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
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Chen H, Zhang WJ, Kong JB, Liu Y, Zhi YL, Cao YG, Du K, Xue GM, Li M, Zhao ZZ, Sun YJ, Feng WS, Xie ZS. Structurally Diverse Phenolic Amides from the Fruits of Lycium barbarum with Potent α-Glucosidase, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitory, and PPAR-γ Agonistic Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11080-11093. [PMID: 37462007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of nine new phenolic amides (1-9), including four pairs of enantiomeric mixtures (3-5 and 8), along with ten known analogues (10-19) were identified from the fruits of Lycium barbarum using bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses, chiral HPLC analyses, and quantum NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 5-7 are the first example of feruloyl tyramine dimers fused through a cyclobutane ring. The activity results indicated that compounds 1, 11, and 13-17 exhibited remarkable inhibition against α-glucosidase with IC50 of 1.11-33.53 μM, 5-150 times stronger than acarbose (IC50 = 169.78 μM). Meanwhile, compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 13, and 14 exerted moderate agonistic activities for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), with EC50 values of 10.09-44.26 μM. Especially,compound 14 also presented inhibitory activity on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), with an IC50 value of 47.13 μM. Furthermore, the banding manner of compounds 14 and 17 with the active site of α-glucosidase, DPPIV, and PPAR-γ was explored by employing molecular docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Le Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Kun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Min Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shen Xie
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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14
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Yan XQ, Wu HL, Wang B, Wang T, Chen Y, Chen AQ, Huang K, Chang YY, Yang J, Yu RQ. Front-face excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with interpretable deep learning for the rapid identification of the storage year of Ningxia wolfberry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122617. [PMID: 36963220 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ningxia wolfberry stored for many years may be disguised as fresh wolfberry by unscrupulous traders and sold for huge profits. In this work, the front-face excitation-emission matrix (FF-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with interpretable deep learning was proposed to identify the storage year of Ningxia wolfberry in a lossless, fast and accurate way. Alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm was used to decompose the three-way data array obtained by Ningxia wolfberry samples, extracting the chemically meaningful information. Meanwhile, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for the identification of the storage year of Ningxia wolfberry, called EEMnet, was proposed. The model successfully classified wolfberry samples from different storage years by extracting the subtle feature differences of the spectra, and the correct classification rate of the training set, test set and prediction set was more than 98%. In addition, a series of interpretability analyses were implemented to break the "black box" of the deep learning model. These results indicated that the method based on FF-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy combined with EEMnet could quickly and accurately identify the year of Ningxia wolfberry in a green way, providing a new idea for the identification of the storage years of Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hai-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412008, PR China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yue-Yue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijng 100700, PR China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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15
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Xie Z, Luo Y, Zhang C, An W, Zhou J, Jin C, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome during Fruit Development Reveal Metabolic Differences and Molecular Basis between Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum. Metabolites 2023; 13:680. [PMID: 37367839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) is a traditional cash crop in China and is well-known worldwide for its outstanding nutritional and medicinal value. Lycium ruthenicum is a close relative of Lycium barbarum but differs significantly in size, color, flavor and nutritional composition. To date, the metabolic differences between the fruits of the two wolfberry varieties and the genetic basis behind them are unclear. Here, we compared metabolome and transcriptome data of two kinds of wolfberry fruits at five stages of development. Metabolome results show that amino acids, vitamins and flavonoids had the same accumulation pattern in various developmental stages of fruit but that Lycium ruthenicum accumulated more metabolites than Lycium barbarum during the same developmental stage, including L-glutamate, L-proline, L-serine, abscisic acid (ABA), sucrose, thiamine, naringenin and quercetin. Based on the metabolite and gene networks, many key genes that may be involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway in wolfberry were identified, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H and FLS. The expression of these genes was significantly higher in Lycium ruthenicum than in Lycium barbarum, indicating that the difference in the expression of these genes was the main reason for the variation in flavonoid accumulation between Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum. Taken together, our results reveal the genetic basis of the difference in metabolomics between Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum and provide new insights into the flavonoid synthesis of wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xie
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
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Ragab OG, Mamdouh D, Bedair R, Smetanska I, Gruda NS, Yousif SKM, Omer RM, Althobaiti AT, Abd El-Raouf HS, El-Taher AM, El-Sayed AS, Eldemerdash MM. Distinguishing features of Lycium L. species (family Solanaceae) distributed in Egypt based on their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162695. [PMID: 37251766 PMCID: PMC10213676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Among the 70-80 species of the genus Lycium (family Solanaceae) disjunctly distributed around the world, only three are frequently distributed in different locations in Egypt. Due to the morphological similarities between these three species, there is a need for alternative tools to distinguish them. Thus, the objective of this study was to revise the taxonomic features of Lycium europaeum L., Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult., and Lycium schweinfurthii var. aschersonii (Dammer) Feinbrun in consideration of their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. In addition to analysis of their anatomical and ecological features, DNA barcoding was performed for molecular characterization through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Furthermore, metabolic profiling of the studied species was conducted based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The observed anatomical features of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, type of mesophyll, crystals, number of palisade and spongy layers, and the vascular system showed variations between the studied species. Beyond this, the anatomy of the leaves showed an isobilateral structure in the studied species, without distinct differences. Species were molecularly identified in terms of ITS sequences and SCoT markers. The ITS sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ON149839.1, OP597546.1, and ON521125.1 for L. europaeum L., L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii, respectively. The sequences showed variations in GC content between the studied species; this was 63.6% in L. europaeum, 61.53% in L. shawii, and 63.55% in L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii. A total of 62 amplified fragments, including 44 polymorphic fragments with a ratio of 70.97%, were obtained in the SCoT analysis, as well as unique amplicons in L. europaeum L., shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii of 5, 11, and 4 fragments, respectively. Through GC-MS profiling, 38 compounds were identified with clear fluctuations in the extracts of each species. Of these, 23 were distinguishing chemicals that could help in chemical identification of the extracts of the studied species. The present study succeeds in identifying alternative clear and diverse characteristics that can be used to distinguish between L. europaeum, L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama G. Ragab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa Mamdouh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Ramadan Bedair
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iryna Smetanska
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Nazim S. Gruda
- Division of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sawsan K. M. Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hany S. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Taher
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Eldemerdash
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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17
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Zhang R, Huang C, Wu F, Fang K, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Chen G, Dong R. Review on melanosis coli and anthraquinone-containing traditional Chinese herbs that cause melanosis coli. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160480. [PMID: 37214441 PMCID: PMC10193150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: The incidence of melanosis coli (MC) has gradually increased annually, attracting significant attention and efforts into this field. A potential risk for MC is the long-term use of anthraquinone laxatives in patients with constipation. Most traditional cathartic drugs are made from herbs containing anthraquinone compounds. This review aims to provide guidance for the application of traditional Chinese herbs containing anthraquinones for physicians and researchers. Materials and methods: We reviewed risk factors and pathogenesis of MC, and natural anthraquinones isolated from TCM herbs. We searched Pubmed and CNKI databases for literature related to MC with keywords such as"traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbs", "anthraquinones", and "melanosis coli". The literature is current to January 2023 when the searches were last completed. After the literature retrieval, the TCM herbs containing anthraquinones (including component identification and anthraquinone content determination) applied in clinical were selected. According to the collected evidence, we provide a list of herbs containing anthraquinones that could cause MC. Results: We identified 20 herbs belonging to 7 families represented by Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rubiaceae, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of MC. Among these, the herbs most commonly used include Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizome), Heshouwu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori), Huzhang (Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati), Juemingzi (Semen Cassiae), Luhui (Aloe) and Qiancao (Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma). Conclusion: Due to a lack of awareness of the chemical composition of TCM herbs, many patients with constipation and even some TCM physicians take cathartic herbal remedies containing abundant anthraquinones to relieve defecation disturbances, resulting in long-term dependence on these herbs, which is potentially associated with most cases of MC. When such treatments are prescribed, TCM physicians should avoid long-term use in large doses to reduce their harm on colonic health. Individuals who take healthcare products containing these herbs should also be under the supervision of a doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cai Huang
- Grade 2019 of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ding L, Zhou X, Liang X, Dong Y, Fang C, Wu Y, Li B, Mu W, Lin J, Li Y. Achieving High Efficacy and Low Safety Risk by Balancing Pesticide Deposition on Leaves and Fruits of Chinese Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum L.). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14672-14683. [PMID: 37125088 PMCID: PMC10134462 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residue has become the main technical barrier that restricts the export of Chinese wolfberry. Can we achieve high efficacy and low safety risk by balancing pesticide deposition on the leaves and fruits of Chinese wolfberry? In this research, the structural characteristics and wettability of leaves and fruits of Chinese wolfberry at different growth stages were studied. The adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves were hydrophobic, whereas the fruit surfaces were hydrophilic. Adding spray adjuvant could increase the retention of droplets on the leaf surfaces of Chinese wolfberry by 52.28-97.89% and reduce the retention on the fruit surfaces by 21.68-42.14%. A structural equation model analysis showed that the adhesion tension was the key factor affecting the retention of the solutions among various interface behaviors. When the concentrations of Silwet618, AEO-5, Gemini 31551, and 1227 were 2-5 times higher than their CMCs, the retention of pesticide solutions (pyraclostrobin and tylophorine) on Chinese wolfberry leaves significantly increased, and the control efficacies on aphids and powdery mildew also dramatically improved (65.90-105.15 and 41.18-133.06%, respectively). Meanwhile, the retention of pesticides on the fruit of Chinese wolfberry was reduced. This study provides new insights into increasing the utilization of pesticides in controlling pests and improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- National
Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
- Wolfberry
Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy
of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- National
Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
- Wolfberry
Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy
of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- National
Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
- Wolfberry
Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy
of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Yujin Dong
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cunbao Fang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
- Research
Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
- Research
Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jin Lin
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect
Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong
Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
- Research
Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuekun Li
- National
Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
- Wolfberry
Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy
of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, P. R. China
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Yu Z, Xia M, Lan J, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang R, Tao H, Shi Y. A comprehensive review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of the genus Lycium in China. Food Funct 2023; 14:2998-3025. [PMID: 36912477 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The Lycium genus, perennial herbs of the Solanaceae family, has been an important source of medicines and nutrient supplements for thousands of years in China, where seven species and three varieties are cultivated. Among these, Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill., two "superfoods", together with Lycium ruthenicum Murr, have been extensively commercialized and studied for their health-related properties. The dried ripe fruits of the genus Lycium are well recognized as functional foods for the management of various ailments including waist and knee pain, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, blood deficiency and weak eyes since ancient times. Phytochemical studies have reported numerous chemical components in the Lycium genus, categorized as polysaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and fatty acids, and its therapeutic roles in antioxidation, immunomodulation, antitumor treatment, hepatoprotection and neuroprotection have been further confirmed by modern pharmacological studies. As a multi-functional food, the quality control of Lycium fruits has also attracted attention internationally. Despite its popularity in research, limited systematic and comprehensive information has been provided on the Lycium genus. Therefore, herein, we provide an up-to-date review of the distribution, botanical features, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of the Lycium genus in China, which will provide evidence for further in-depth exploration and comprehensive utilization of Lycium, especially its fruits and active ingredients in the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Mengqin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jiping Lan
- Experiment center for teaching & learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongxun Tao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212016, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Institute of TCM International Standardization, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hu Y, Li K, Bai Y, Li H, Chen J. Effect of combined ultrasonic and enzymatic assisted treatment on the fermentation process of whole Lycium barbarum (goji berry) fruit. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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21
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Bendjedou H, Benamar H, Bennaceur M, Rodrigues MJ, Pereira CG, Trentin R, Custódio L. New Insights into the Phytochemical Profile and Biological Properties of Lycium intricatum Bois. (Solanaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:996. [PMID: 36903857 PMCID: PMC10004830 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to boost the valorisation of Lycium intricatum Boiss. L. as a source of high added value bioproducts. For that purpose, leaves and root ethanol extracts and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were prepared and evaluated for radical scavenging activity (RSA) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating potential against copper and iron ions. Extracts were also appraised for in vitro inhibition of enzymes implicated on the onset of neurological diseases (acetylcholinesterase: AChE and butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE), type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, α-glucosidase), obesity/acne (lipase), and skin hyperpigmentation/food oxidation (tyrosinase). The total content of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and hydrolysable tannins (THTC) was evaluated by colorimetric methods, while the phenolic profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode-array ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV-DAD). Extracts had significant RSA and FRAP, and moderate copper chelation, but no iron chelating capacity. Samples had a higher activity towards α-glucosidase and tyrosinase, especially those from roots, a low capacity to inhibit AChE, and no activity towards BuChE and lipase. The ethyl acetate fraction of roots had the highest TPC and THTC, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction of leaves had the highest flavonoid levels. Gallic, gentisic, ferulic, and trans-cinnamic acids were identified in both organs. The results suggest that L. intricatum is a promising source of bioactive compounds with food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houaria Bendjedou
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Department of Biology, University of Oran1, El M’Naouer, P.O. Box 1524, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Houari Benamar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Department of Biology, University of Oran1, El M’Naouer, P.O. Box 1524, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Malika Bennaceur
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Department of Biology, University of Oran1, El M’Naouer, P.O. Box 1524, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Research in Arid Areas, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, P.O. Box 32, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Trentin
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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22
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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23
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Kim HM, Kim JY, Kim JH, Kim CY. Kukoamine B from Lycii Radicis Cortex Protects Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells through Covalent Modification by Trans-2-Nonenal. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:163. [PMID: 36616291 PMCID: PMC9823295 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturated aldehyde trans-2-nonenal is known to be generated by lipid peroxidation at the surface of the skin in an aging-related manner and has harmful effects on keratinocytes in the skin. In this study, the protective effect of a Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC) extract against trans-2-nonenal-induced cell damage on human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) was investigated. Notably, treatment with the LRC extract resulted in an increase in cell survival, while trans-2-nonenal decreased the viability of HaCaT cells. For identification of interaction between the LRC extract and trans-2-nonenal, this mixture was incubated in simulated physiological conditions, showing a strong decrease in the amount of trans-2-nonenal by the LRC extract. Subsequent LC-ESI-MS analysis revealed that kukoamine B (KB) formed Schiff base-derived pyridinium adducts with trans-2-nonenal. Thus, these results suggest that KB could be a potential agent that may protect HaCaT cells by forming new products with trans-2-nonenal.
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24
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Miguel MDG. Chemical and Biological Properties of Three Poorly Studied Species of Lycium Genus-Short Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:1265. [PMID: 36557303 PMCID: PMC9788301 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Lycium belongs to the Solanaceae family and comprises more than 90 species distributed by diverse continents. Lycium barbarum is by far the most studied and has been advertised as a “superfood” with healthy properties. In contrast, there are some Lycium species which have been poorly studied, although used by native populations. L. europaeum, L. intricatum and L. schweinfurthii, found particularly in the Mediterranean region, are examples of scarcely investigated species. The chemical composition and the biological properties of these species were reviewed. The biological properties of L. barbarum fruits are mainly attributed to polysaccharides, particularly complex glycoproteins with different compositions. Studies regarding these metabolites are practically absent in L. europaeum, L. intricatum and L. schweinfurthii. The metabolites isolated and identified belong mainly to polyphenols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids, tocopherols, and alkaloids (L. europaeum); phenolic acids, lignans, flavonoids, polyketides, glycosides, terpenoids, tyramine derivatives among other few compounds (L. schweinfurthii), and esters of phenolic acids, glycosides, fatty acids, terpenoids/phytosterols, among other few compounds (L. intricatum). The biological properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic against some cancer cell lines) found for these species were attributed to some metabolites belonging to those compound groups. Results of the study concluded that investigations concerning L. europaeum, L. intricatum and L. schweinfurthii are scarce, in contrast to L. barbarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Graça Miguel
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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25
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Peraza-Labrador A, Buitrago DM, Coy-Barrera E, Perdomo-Lara SJ. Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of a Phenolic-Rich Extract from Lycium barbarum Fruits on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16-Positive Head Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113568. [PMID: 35684505 PMCID: PMC9182172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro antiproliferative activity of a phenolic-rich extract from Lycium barbarum fruits against head and neck HPV16 squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been demonstrated, indicating for the first time that L. barbarum extract inhibits human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 cell lines. Ethanol extract of L. barbarum was used for cell viability evaluation on SCC090, CAL27, and HGnF cell lines. After 24 and 48 h, the cell cycle effect of L. barbarum extract (at 1.0, 10, and 100 µg/mL) was measured via flow cytometry. In addition, the mRNA expression on E6/E7 and p53 via RT-PCR and the expression of p16, p53, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 via immunohistochemistry were also determined. Untreated cells, 20 µM cisplatin, and a Camellia sinensis-derived extract were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. We demonstrated that the studied L. barbarum extract resulted in G0/G1 arrest and S phase accumulation in SCC090 at 1.0 and 10 μg/mL. A reduction in mRNA levels of E6/E7 oncogenes (p < 0.05) with p53 overexpression was also observed through PCR, while immunohistochemical analyses indicated p16 overexpression (p > 0.05) and a decrease in p53 overexpression. The observed effects were associated with anticancer and immunomodulatory phenolics, such as flavonols/flavan-3-ols and tyramine-conjugated hydroxycinnamic acid amides, identified in the studied extract. These findings revealed that the phenolic-rich extract of L. barbarum fruits has promising properties to be considered further for developing new therapies against oral and oropharyngeal HPV lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Peraza-Labrador
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia; (A.P.-L.); (D.M.B.)
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group-INMUBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Buitrago
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia; (A.P.-L.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Sandra J. Perdomo-Lara
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group-INMUBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-164-89000
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The anti-aging activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide extracted by yeast fermentation: In vivo and in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:2032-2041. [PMID: 35500780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is an important active substance in Lycium barbarum. In this study, LBP was extracted by the hot water method and yeast fermentation method to obtain products called LBP-W and LBP-Y, respectively. Both LBPs have a strong ability to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radicals and have a total antioxidant capacity. Both LBPs prolong the lifespan of C. elegans under normal conditions, oxidative stress and heat stress and do not affect fertility, LBPs could prolong the lifespan of C. elegans by upregulating the expression of daf-16, sod-3 and hsp-16.2 genes, and LBP-Y is more efficacious. The molecular weight of the LBPs was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the results showed that LBP-Y is smaller and more uniform than LBP-W. The skin penetration experiment showed that the absorption effect of LBP-Y is better than that of LBP-W. These lines of evidence suggest that the yeast fermentation extraction of LBP produces better antioxidant and anti-aging effects than those obtained with the traditional hot water extraction, which is more suitable for obtaining raw materials with anti-aging functions that can potentially be used in the food and cosmetic industries.
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Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal High Induction of the Phenolamide Pathway in Tomato Plants Attacked by the Leafminer Tuta absoluta. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060484. [PMID: 35736416 PMCID: PMC9230075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are attacked by a variety of herbivore pests and among them, the leafminer Tuta absoluta, which is currently a major threat to global tomato production. Although the commercial tomato is susceptible to T. absoluta attacks, a better understanding of the defensive plant responses to this pest will help in defining plant resistance traits and broaden the range of agronomic levers that can be used for an effective integrated pest management strategy over the crop cycle. In this study, we developed an integrative approach combining untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the local and systemic metabolic responses of young tomato plants to T. absoluta larvae herbivory. From metabolomic analyses, the tomato response appeared to be both local and systemic, with a local response in infested leaves being much more intense than in other parts of the plant. The main response was a massive accumulation of phenolamides with great structural diversity, including rare derivatives composed of spermine and dihydrocinnamic acids. The accumulation of this family of specialized metabolites was supported by transcriptomic data, which showed induction of both phenylpropanoid and polyamine precursor pathways. Moreover, our transcriptomic data identified two genes strongly induced by T. absoluta herbivory, that we functionally characterized as putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. They catalyze the biosynthesis of several phenolamides, among which is caffeoylputrescine. Overall, this study provided new mechanistic clues of the tomato/T. absoluta interaction.
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Ma RH, Zhang XX, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Wang W, Yan YM, Cao YL, Zhang JG, Rengasamy KRR, Wei ZJ. Lycium barbarum (Goji) as functional food: a review of its nutrition, phytochemical structure, biological features, and food industry prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10621-10635. [PMID: 35593666 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lycium genus (Goji berry) is recognized as a good source of homology of medicine and food, with various nutrients and phytochemicals. Lately, numerous studies have focused on the chemical constituents and biological functions of the L. barbarum L., covering phytochemical and pharmacological aspects. We aim to provide exclusive data on the nutrients of L. barbarum L. fruits and phytochemicals, including their structural characterization, the evolution of extraction, and purification processes of different phytochemicals of L. barbarum L. fruit while placing greater emphasis on their wide-ranging health effects. This review also profitably offers innovative approaches for the food industry and industrial applications of L. barbarum L. and addresses some current situations and problems in the development of L. barbarum L. in deep processing products, which can provide clues for the sustainable development of L. barbarum L. industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Mei Yan
- Institute of wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Long Cao
- Institute of wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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Magalhães V, Silva AR, Silva B, Zhang X, Dias AC. Comparative studies on the anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities of black and red goji berries. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen K, Huang G, Li Y, Zhang X, Lei Y, Li Y, Xiong J, Sun Y. Illumina MiSeq Sequencing Reveals Correlations among Fruit Ingredients, Environmental Factors, and AMF Communities in Three Lycium Barbarum Producing Regions of China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0229321. [PMID: 35234495 PMCID: PMC8941938 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02293-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is important for Lycium barbarum, a highly nutritious and medicinal crop. However, the influence of environmental factors on AMF communities remains largely elusive. Based on MiSeq sequencing, we analyzed AMF communities in rhizosphere soils of L. barbarum with growth synchronization in three typical L. barbarum cultivation sites in China. The Zhongning region has poor soils with a high richness of AMF communities. Geographical environmental variances lead to differences in AMF communities which in turn affects the active ingredients of L. barbarum fruit. Furthermore, different genera of AMF showed significant correlations with environmental factors and fruit ingredients. The three genera, Claroideoglomus, Dominikia, and Funneliformis correlated to environmental factors and fruits ingredients in a similar manner affecting the whole sugar (TS) and flavonoids (FLA) contents in the fruits of L. barbarum. Also, these showed a significantly positive correlation with soil pH. This fact was unknown so far due to different soil acidity/alkalinity in different studies. IMPORTANCE The climatic and ecological environment is a complex phenomenon, involving various environmental factors that regulate the diversity and population distribution structure of AMF communities affecting plant growth, crop composition, and yield. Current studies on the effects of environmental factors on AMF communities have mainly focused on soil conditions and host plants. Fewer studies have been conducted on the correlation between temperature, enzyme activity, plant fruiting, and AMF communities. The present study investigated the diversity of AMF communities and the influence of environmental factors on their distribution patterns, which showed similar effects on some AMF species. The results suggest that screening AMF fungicides that meet the target may significantly help soil restoration reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and a large amount of human and material resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chen
- College of Life Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gang Huang
- College of Life Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuekun Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yonghui Lei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Life Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- College of Life Sciences/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Widely-Targeted Metabolic Profiling in Lycium barbarum Fruits under Salt-Alkaline Stress Uncovers Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051564. [PMID: 35268665 PMCID: PMC8911562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) is an important economic crop widely grown in China. The effects of salt-alkaline stress on metabolites accumulation in the salt-tolerant Ningqi1 wolfberry fruits were evaluated across 12 salt-alkaline stress gradients. The soil pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− contents decreased at a gradient across the salt-alkaline stress gradients. Based on the widely-targeted metabolomics approach, we identified 457 diverse metabolites, 53% of which were affected by salt-alkaline stress. Remarkably, soil salt-alkaline stress enhanced metabolites accumulation in wolfberry fruits. Amino acids, alkaloids, organic acids, and polyphenols contents increased proportionally across the salt-alkaline stress gradients. In contrast, nucleic acids, lipids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, organic acids and derivatives and vitamins were significantly reduced by high salt-alkaline stress. A total of 13 salt-responsive metabolites represent potential biomarkers for salt-alkaline stress tolerance in wolfberry. Specifically, we found that constant reductions of lipids and chlorogenic acids; up-regulation of abscisic acid and accumulation of polyamines are essential mechanisms for salt-alkaline stress tolerance in Ningqi1. Overall, we provide for the first time some extensive metabolic insights into salt-alkaline stress tolerance and key metabolite biomarkers which may be useful for improving wolfberry tolerance to salt-alkaline stress.
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Conidi C, Cassano A, Drioli E. Membrane diafiltration for enhanced purification of biologically active compounds from goji berries extracts. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Agradi S, Draghi S, Cotozzolo E, Barbato O, Castrica M, Quattrone A, Sulce M, Vigo D, Menchetti L, Ceccarini MR, Andoni E, Riva F, Marongiu ML, Curone G, Brecchia G. Goji Berries Supplementation in the Diet of Rabbits and Other Livestock Animals: A Mini-Review of the Current Knowledge. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:823589. [PMID: 35174242 PMCID: PMC8841604 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.823589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, several nutraceutical substances have received great attention for their potential role in the prevention and treatment of different diseases as well as for their beneficial effects in promoting the health of humans and animals. Goji berries (GBs) are the fruit of Lycium barbarum and other species of Lycium, used in traditional Chinese medicine, and they have recently become very popular in the Occidental world because of their properties, such as anti-aging, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, cytoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. These effects are essentially evaluated in clinical trials in humans; in experimental animal models, such as mice and rats; and in cell lines in in vitro studies. Only recently has scientific research evaluated the effects of GBs diet supplementation in livestock animals, including rabbits. Although studies in the zootechnical field are still limited and the investigation of the GB mechanisms of action is in an early stage, the results are encouraging. This review includes a survey of the experimental trials that evaluated the effects of the GBs supplementation on reproductive and productive performances, immune system, metabolic homeostasis, and meat quality principally in the rabbit with also some references to other livestock animal species. Evidence supports the idea that GB supplementation could be used in rabbit breeding, although future studies should be conducted to establish the optimal dose to be administered and to assess the sustainability of the use of GBs in the diet of the rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Elisa Cotozzolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Olimpia Barbato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Castrica
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alda Quattrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Majlind Sulce
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Menchetti ;
| | | | - Egon Andoni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Vidović BB, Milinčić DD, Marčetić MD, Djuriš JD, Ilić TD, Kostić AŽ, Pešić MB. Health Benefits and Applications of Goji Berries in Functional Food Products Development: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:248. [PMID: 35204130 PMCID: PMC8868247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goji berries have long been used for their nutritional value and medicinal purposes in Asian countries. In the last two decades, goji berries have become popular around the world and are consumed as a functional food due to wide-range bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. In addition, they are gaining increased research attention as a source of functional ingredients with potential industrial applications. This review focuses on the antioxidant properties of goji berries, scientific evidence on their health effects based on human interventional studies, safety concerns, goji berry processing technologies, and applications of goji berry-based ingredients in developing functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana B. Vidović
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijel D. Milinčić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana D. Marčetić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena D. Djuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tijana D. Ilić
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Ž. Kostić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana B. Pešić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
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Sharma R, Raghuvanshi R, Kumar R, Thakur MS, Kumar S, Patel MK, Chaurasia OP, Saxena S. Current findings and future prospective of high-value trans Himalayan medicinal plant Lycium ruthenicum Murr: a systematic review. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The genus Lycium is commercially known for its nutrient dense goji-berries, among these berries, black goji-berries obtained from Lycium ruthenicum Murr are highly valued and widely used as traditional medicine in trans-himalayan cold desert Ladakh and as functional food in several countries.
Methods
The current collection of data and literature was done by exploring different scientific portals like SciFinder, Google scholar, PubMed, Dictonary of Natural Products, Institute for Scientific Information, Web of Science and Scopus by searching keywords like black goji berry, crystal pearl, and trans-Himalayan plant.
Results
Fruits of L. ruthenicum Murr, are overwhelmingly enriched in anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, polysaccharides, spermine and spermidine alkaloids. The presence of these bioactive phyto-chemicals has been linked with reported anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, anti-atherosclerosis and neuro-protective properties of black goji berries. A unique color of these berries makes them exceptional as compared to other berries.
Conclusions
In this article, we have reviewed the variety of high value phytochemicals of Lycium ruthenicum Murr, with a special focus on health promoting anthocyanins which will provide an insight to the readers for exploring novel applications of L. ruthenicum Murr in field of medicine and food industries.
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Heinrich M, Yao R, Xiao P. ‘Food and medicine continuum’ – Why we should promote cross-cultural communication between the global East and West. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:3-4. [PMID: 36120124 PMCID: PMC9476788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Aparecida Plastina Cardoso M, Windson Isidoro Haminiuk C, Pedro AC, de Andrade Arruda Fernandes Fernandes I, Akemi Casagrande Yamato M, Maciel GM, Do Prado IN. Biological Effects of Goji Berry and the Association with New Industrial Applications: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2007261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Cristina Pedro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia de Alimentos (Ppgeal), Cep (81531–980), Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brasil
| | | | | | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Cep (81280–340), Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ivanor Nunes Do Prado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência de Alimentos (Ppc), Cep (87020–900), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brasil
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Zhao WH, Zhang YD, Shi YP. Visualizing the spatial distribution of endogenous molecules in wolfberry fruit at different development stages by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2021; 234:122687. [PMID: 34364486 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wolfberry fruit has been attracting attention for centuries in Asian countries as a traditional herbal medicine and valuable nourishing tonic. Revealing the spatial distribution changes of important endogenous molecules during plant development is of great significance for investigating the physiological roles, nutritional and potential functional values of phytochemicals in wolfberry fruit. However, their spatial distribution information during fruit development has not been extensively explored due to the lack of efficient analytical techniques. In this work, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was performed to visualize the spatial distribution of the endogenous molecules during fruit development. From the mass spectrum imaging, the choline, betaine and citric acid were distributed evenly throughout the entire fruit at all development stages. The hexose was distributed in the endocarp and flesh tissue, while sucrose was located in the seeds. Additionally, several phenolic acids and flavonoids were accumulated in the exocarp during fruit development, which indicated that they seemingly played protective roles in wolfberry fruit growth progress against abiotic and biotic stress. From the collected data, we found that the signal intensities of citric acid were decreased, while choline, betaine, hexose and sucrose were increased with fruit development. These results indicate that MALDI-MSI may become a favorable tool for studying of the spatial distribution and effective use of endogenous molecules, which provide a simple and intuitive way for authenticity identification, classification of drug food homologous foods and further understanding the physiological roles of endogenous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yi-Da Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Spano M, Maccelli A, Di Matteo G, Ingallina C, Biava M, Crestoni ME, Bardaud JX, Giusti AM, Mariano A, Scotto D’Abusco A, Sobolev AP, Lasalvia A, Fornarini S, Mannina L. Metabolomic Profiling of Fresh Goji ( Lycium barbarum L.) Berries from Two Cultivars Grown in Central Italy: A Multi-Methodological Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:5412. [PMID: 34500850 PMCID: PMC8433735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite profile of fresh Goji berries from two cultivars, namely Big Lifeberry (BL) and Sweet Lifeberry (SL), grown in the Lazio region (Central Italy) and harvested at two different periods, August and October, corresponding at the beginning and the end of the maturation, was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR MS) methodologies. Several classes of compounds such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and terpenes were identified and quantified in hydroalcoholic and organic Bligh-Dyer extracts. Sweet Lifeberry extracts were characterized by a higher content of sucrose with respect to the Big Lifeberry ones and high levels of amino acids (glycine, betaine, proline) were observed in SL berries harvested in October. Spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophylls and total carotenoids was also carried out, showing a decrease of carotenoids during the time. These results can be useful not only to valorize local products but also to suggest the best harvesting period to obtain a product with a chemical composition suitable for specific industrial use. Finally, preliminary studies regarding both the chemical characterization of Goji leaves generally considered a waste product, and the biological activity of Big Lifeberry berries extracts was also investigated. Goji leaves showed a chemical profile rich in healthy compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.) confirming their promising use in the supplements/nutraceutical/cosmetic field. MG63 cells treated with Big Lifeberry berries extracts showed a decrease of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8 expression indicating their significant biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Spano
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Jean-Xavier Bardaud
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CLIO, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 200, BP34, CEDEX, 91898 Orsay, France;
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Anna Scotto D’Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (A.S.D.)
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Institute for Biological Systems, Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alba Lasalvia
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.M.); (G.D.M.); (C.I.); (M.B.); (A.L.); (S.F.); (L.M.)
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Yao R, Heinrich M, Zhao X, Wang Q, Wei J, Xiao P. What's the choice for goji: Lycium barbarum L. or L. chinense Mill.? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114185. [PMID: 33964363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For over one millennium, goji berries have been used traditionally as food and medicine in eastern Asia. In recent decades, it has become increasingly popular globally. However, the biocultural development of goji is poorly known. The botanical origin of goji is controversial: in many but not all modern regional or international quality standards, L. barbarum is accepted exclusively as the botanical origin of goji. AIM OF THE STUDY Focusing on historical, biogeographical, botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological data, the overarching aim is to understand the biological origin of goji's historical uses, as well as whether the two species can be used interchangeably. MATERIALS AND METHODS The taxonomic literature on L. barbarum and L. chinense were analysed, followed by a study of botanical specimens and fieldwork. Historical herbals and gazetteers were employed to define the historical producing areas and medical properties of goji. An identification of the species used in history was carried out. In a final step the phytochemical and pharmacological literature on the species was compared. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Due to their morphological similarity and different accessibility, fruits of both L. barbarum and L. chinense have been used interchangeably as food and medicine at least since 682 CE. While the fruit of L. barbarum was recognized to be superior in quality, the fruit of L. chinense was commonly used as an equivalent because of its easier accessibility. Cultivation of L. barbarum in China since 1960s improved its availability, which likely lead to its exclusive use as source of goji in China. The long-term safe use with no reported major safety concerns supports that these two species both are useful sources for medicinal Lycium. CONCLUSIONS Medicinal plants had been used traditionally long before they were named in scientific nomenclature system. Therefore, the understanding of traditional herbal knowledge and the adequate use of those traditional medicines require a reliable identification based on archival records. This study developed an approach for the identification of species used historically, with an integrated analysis of specimens, historical herbals, and national gazetteers. Additionally, their different chemical profiles and pharmacological activities indicate that they should not be used interchangeably. Further scientific evidence is required for their safe and effective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy', UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N1AX, United Kingdom; 'Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine', and 'Chinese Medicine Research Center', China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xinning Zhao
- Farmers' Daily, Huixin West Street 15, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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41
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Chemical constituents from Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) and their chemophenetic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Elbermawi A, Halim AF, Mansour ESS, Ahmad KF, Elsbaey M, Ashour A, Amen Y, El-Gamil MM, Tomofumi M, Shimizu K. Lycium schweinfurthii: new secondary metabolites and their cytotoxic activities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5134-5141. [PMID: 34180314 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1922902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, 11S-methoxy-11,12-dihydro phytuberin (2) and 9S-methoxy-benzocyclononan-7-one (6), together with twenty-six known ones were isolated from Lycium schweinfurthii (Solanaceae). Their planar structure was established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of compound 6 was determined by time dependent density functional theory calculations (TDDFT). The cytotoxic potential of the isolates was assessed in cultured skin cancer (G-361) and colon cancer (HCT-116 and CaCo-2) cell lines. Certain flavonoids showed the highest cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 7.1 to 63.3 µM; meanwhile 5-flurouracil showed IC50 values ranging from 62.4 to >100 µM. All compounds showed minimal toxicity towards normal cells from skin (NHDF-4) and colon (CCD-841), indicating their potential selectivity and safety as cytotoxic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbermawi
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ahmed F Halim
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed S Mansour
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kadria F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elsbaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mohammed M El-Gamil
- Department of Toxic and Narcotic Drugs, Forensic Medicine, Mansoura Laboratory, Medico-legal Organization, Ministry of Justice, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Miyamoto Tomofumi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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43
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Yu L, Zhang Y, Zhao X, He Y, Wan H, Wan H, Yang J. Spectrum-Effect Relationship between HPLC Fingerprints and Antioxidant Activity of Yangyin Tongnao Prescription. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6650366. [PMID: 34239758 PMCID: PMC8238629 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6650366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yangyin Tongnao (YYTN) prescription is used as a traditional Chinese herbal formula, and it has antioxidant activity that mainly contributes in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the compounds related to its antioxidant activity are still unknown. In the present study, the fingerprints of YYTN extracts under different extraction conditions were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the common peaks to all the samples processed. A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant activity of YYTN was assessed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA). The results showed that peaks 5, 6, 13, 15, and 24 of the fingerprints were closely connected to antioxidant activity. Five peaks were identified: vanillic acid (P5), puerarin (P7), ferulic acid (P13), daidzein (P21), and formononetin (P23). Our study successfully established the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant activity of YYTN, which provided a general method for establishing quality standards with a combination of chromatography and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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44
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Abstract
Wolfberry Lycium, an economically important genus of the Solanaceae family, contains approximately 80 species and shows a fragmented distribution pattern among the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Although several herbaceous species of Solanaceae have been subjected to genome sequencing, thus far, no genome sequences of woody representatives have been available. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 13 perennial woody species of Lycium, with a focus on Lycium barbarum. Integration with other genomes provides clear evidence supporting a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by all hitherto sequenced solanaceous plants, which occurred shortly after the divergence of Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. We identified new gene families and gene family expansions and contractions that first appeared in Solanaceae. Based on the identification of self-incompatibility related-gene families, we inferred that hybridization hotspots are enriched for genes that might be functioning in gametophytic self-incompatibility pathways in wolfberry. Extremely low expression of LOCULE NUBER (LC) and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) orthologous genes during Lycium fruit development and ripening processes suggests functional diversification of these two genes between Lycium and tomato. The existence of additional flowering locus C-like MADS-box genes might correlate with the perennial flowering cycle of Lycium. Differential gene expression involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway between Lycium and tomato likely illustrates woody and herbaceous differentiation. We also provide evidence that Lycium migrated from Africa into Asia, and subsequently from Asia into North America. Our results provide functional insights into Solanaceae origins, evolution and diversification.
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45
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Chemical characterization and 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of phenolic compounds in goji berries. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114119. [PMID: 33989994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lycium fruits have a high content of phenolics as bioactive constituents with various pharmacological effects, but there is a lack of comparative analysis and chemical profiling of phenolics in Lycium fruit varieties. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE) combined with chemometrics was developed to characterize the phenolics in fruits from four Lycium species, including Lycium barbarum L. (LBL), L. chinense Mill. (LCM), L. barbarum var. auranticarpum (LBA) and L. ruthenicun Murr. (LRM). 63 phenolics were identified according to reported tandem mass fragmentation patterns and the UNIFI scientific informatics platform. Nine phenolics (5, 18, 20, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 60) were common and predominant components among four types of Lycium fruit. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were analyzed on the basis of a matrix created from 653 sets of data, and 20 Lycium fruits were classified into four groups. Further analysis identified that phenolics profiles were characteristic for each Lycium species, and five markers (13, 29, 31, 35, 99) could be utilized for fruit identification. Subsequently, inhibitory activity against 5α-reductase of phenolic extracts of Lycium fruits showed that LBL extract was the relative better effective, followed by LCM, whereas LBA and LRM showed no activity, which might be associated with the high contents of marker compounds (29, 31, 35, 43, 71, 99) in LBL. These findings will provide guidance for the development of Lycium phenolics with beneficial properties for the prevention and treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
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46
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Roumani M, Besseau S, Gagneul D, Robin C, Larbat R. Phenolamides in plants: an update on their function, regulation, and origin of their biosynthetic enzymes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2334-2355. [PMID: 33315095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolamides represent a family of specialized metabolites, consisting of the association of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with aliphatic or aromatic amines. Since the discovery of the first phenolamide in the late 1940s, decades of phytochemical analyses have revealed a high structural diversity for this family and a wide distribution in the plant kingdom. The occurrence of structurally diverse phenolamides in almost all plant organs has led to early hypotheses on their involvement in floral initiation and fertility, as well as plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. In the present work, we critically review the literature ascribing functional hypotheses to phenolamides and recent evidence on the control of their biosynthesis in response to biotic stress. We additionally provide a phylogenetic analysis of the numerous N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases involved in the synthesis of phenolamides and discuss the potential role of other enzyme families in their diversification. The data presented suggest multiple evolutionary events that contributed to the extension of the taxonomic distribution and diversity of phenolamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Roumani
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA 2106, Biomolécules et biotechnologies végétales (BBV), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Gagneul
- UMR 1158, BioEcoAgro, Université de Lille, INRAe, Université de Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Lille, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
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47
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Chen H, Kong JB, Zhang L, Wang HH, Cao YG, Zeng MN, Li M, Sun YJ, Du K, Xue GM, Wu Y, Zheng XK, Feng WS. Lycibarbarines A-C, Three Tetrahydroquinoline Alkaloids Possessing a Spiro-Heterocycle Moiety from the Fruits of Lycium barbarum. Org Lett 2021; 23:858-862. [PMID: 33481613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids, lycibarbarines A-C (1-3), possessing a unique tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline-oxazine-ketohexoside fused motif, were isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and quantum-chemical calculations. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited neuroprotective activity when evaluated for corticosterone-induced injury by reducing the apoptosis of PC12 cells through the inhibition of caspase-3 and caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China.,Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bo Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Nan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China.,Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Kun Du
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Min Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Ya Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China.,Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China.,Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
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48
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Jiang Y, Fang Z, Leonard W, Zhang P. Phenolic compounds in Lycium berry: Composition, health benefits and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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49
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Caban M, Owczarek K, Chojnacka K, Lewandowska U. Overview of Polyphenols and Polyphenol-rich Extracts as Modulators of Inflammatory Response in Dry Eye Syndrome. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1874412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Owczarek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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50
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Xiong L, Deng N, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Goji berry ( Lycium spp.) extracts exhibit antiproliferative activity via modulating cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and the p53 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:6513-6525. [PMID: 34086026 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative mechanism of two goji berry varieties were investigated in the present study. In contrast to Lycium barbarum L. (LB), Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) showed stronger antioxidant activity evaluated by ORAC, PSC and CAA assays, which might be attributed to its higher total phenolics and total flavonoids. However, LB contains greater contents of VE and carotenoids compared to LRM, which may endow LB with other unique functions instead of antioxidant activity. Additionally, high dose LRM showed a stronger capability in terms of cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis induction of MDA cells with increments of 17.85% cells blocked at the G1 phase and 50.49% cells achieving early apoptosis compared with the control group. Although supplementation with LB increased the number of cells in the G1 phase by 10%, its effect on inducing cell apoptosis was not ideal. Furthermore, both LRM and LB activated the proliferation-related p53 signaling pathway including p53, p21, CDK4, Cyclin E, Bax and Caspase3, but LB failed to downregulate bcl-2 and CDK2 levels, indicating the weaker antiproliferative effect of LB. The present findings indicated LRM and LB as potential candidates for managing the proliferation of cancer cells and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Na Deng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China. and Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510670, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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