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Conca S, Gatto V, Samiolo R, Giovando S, Cassani A, Tarabra E, Beghetto V. Characterisation and tanning effects of purified chestnut and sulfited quebracho extracts. COLLAGEN AND LEATHER 2024; 6:28. [PMID: 39246408 PMCID: PMC11378616 DOI: 10.1186/s42825-024-00171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable tannins are environmentally friendly tanning agents. However, they generally impart a dark colour to the tanned leather and highly contribute to the organic load in wastewaters. In this study, we employed a purification protocol separately on chestnut tannin (CT) and sulfited quebracho tannin (QT) to obtain the purified fractions (PCT and PQT). These samples were characterised by GPC, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and HPLC-DAD techniques and applied for tanning tests. Through the purification process, non-tannin components and smaller molecules such as gallic acid, glucopyranose, and catechin were effectively removed from CT and QT, which consequently led to the reduced moisture content, pH value, and lighter colour of purified fractions. The crust leathers processed with PCT and PQT showed desirable light shades. Moreover, the organic loads in PCT and PQT tanning wastewater were reduced by 13.5% and 19.1%, respectively, when compared to those in traditional CT and QT tanning wastewater. Additionally, the physical and mechanical characteristics of crust leathers processed with PCT and PQT were comparable to those processed with CT and QT. Thus, purification of vegetable tannins may serve as a feasible strategy for producing light-colored vegetable-tanned leather while minimizing organic pollutant discharge during the vegetable tanning process. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42825-024-00171-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Conca
- Crossing S.R.L., Viale Della Repubblica 193/B, Treviso, 31100 Italy
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing S.R.L., Viale Della Repubblica 193/B, Treviso, 31100 Italy
| | - Riccardo Samiolo
- Crossing S.R.L., Viale Della Repubblica 193/B, Treviso, 31100 Italy
| | - Samuele Giovando
- CRCF Srl for Silvateam Spa, Via Torre 7, San Michele Mondovì, 12080 Italy
| | - Andrea Cassani
- CRCF Srl for Silvateam Spa, Via Torre 7, San Michele Mondovì, 12080 Italy
| | - Elisa Tarabra
- CRCF Srl for Silvateam Spa, Via Torre 7, San Michele Mondovì, 12080 Italy
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Crossing S.R.L., Viale Della Repubblica 193/B, Treviso, 31100 Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Per Le Reattività Chimiche E La Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126 Italy
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2
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Morra M, Iviglia G, Cassinelli C, Sartori M, Cavazza L, Martini L, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Preliminary Evaluation of Bioactive Collagen-Polyphenol Surface Nanolayers on Titanium Implants: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Bone Implant Study. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 39057292 PMCID: PMC11278435 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To endow an implant surface with enhanced properties to ensure an appropriate seal with the host tissue for inflammation/infection resistance, next-generation bone implant collagen-polyphenol nanolayers were built on conventional titanium surfaces through a multilayer approach. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to investigate the chemical arrangement of molecules within the surface layer and to provide an estimate of their thickness. A short-term (2 and 4 weeks) in vivo test of bone implants in a healthy rabbit model was performed to check possible side effects of the soft surface layer on early phases of osteointegration, leading to secondary stability. Results show the building up of the different nanolayers on top of titanium, resulting in a final composite collagen-polyphenol surface and a layer thickness of about 10 nm. In vivo tests performed on machined and state-of-the-art microrough titanium implants do not show significant differences between coated and uncoated samples, as the surface microroughness remains the main driver of bone-to-implant contact. These results confirm that the surface nanolayer does not interfere with the onset and progression of implant osteointegration and prompt the green light for specific investigations of the potential merits of this bioactive coating as an enhancer of the device/tissue seal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, V. Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (G.I.); (C.C.)
| | - Giorgio Iviglia
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, V. Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (G.I.); (C.C.)
| | - Clara Cassinelli
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, V. Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (G.I.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Sartori
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Luca Cavazza
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Lucia Martini
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Milena Fini
- Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (G.G.)
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3
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Facchin M, Gatto V, Samiolo R, Conca S, Santandrea D, Beghetto V. May 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives be the future of leather tanning? A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123472. [PMID: 38320686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Leather is produced by a multi-step process among which the tanning phase is the most relevant, transforming animal skin collagen into a stable, non-putrescible material used to produce a variety of different goods, for the footwear, automotive, garments, and sports industry. Most of the leather produced today is tanned with chromium (III) salts or alternatively with aldehydes or synthetic tannins, generating high environmental concern. Over the years, high exhaustion tanning systems have been developed to reduce the environmental impact of chromium salts, which nevertheless do not avoid the use of metals. Chrome-free alternatives such as aldehydes and phenol based synthetic tannins, are suffering from Reach restrictions due to their toxicity. Thus, the need for environmentally benign and economically sustainable tanning agents is increasingly urgent. In this review, the synthesis, use and tanning mechanism of a new class of tanning agents, 1,3,5-triazines derivatives, have been reported together with organoleptic, physical mechanical characteristics of tanned leather produced. Additionally environmental performance and economic data available for 1,3,5-triazines have been compared with those of a standard basic chromium sulphate tanning process, evidencing the high potentiality for sustainable, metal, aldehyde, and phenol free leather manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Facchin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Vanessa Gatto
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Samiolo
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Silvia Conca
- Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Domenico Santandrea
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre, Italy; Crossing S.r.l., Viale della Repubblica 193/b, 31100, Treviso, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Reattività Chimiche e La Catalisi (CIRCC), Via C. Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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4
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H H H, R W, E M G, G T. Rapid deterioration in buried leather: archaeological implications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3762-3770. [PMID: 38274167 PMCID: PMC10808855 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding archaeological leather degradation helps inform economies, crafts, and technologies of historic communities. However, archaeological leather is at high risk of degradation due to deterioration and changes within the burial conditions. This research applied non-destructive FTIR-ATR to experimentally buried vegetable-tanned leather and archaeological leather excavated at the Roman site of Vindolanda, UK to explore survival, destruction, and preservation processes of tanned leather. Analyses focused on observing and monitoring changes in chemical functional groups related to leather tannins, collagen and lipid components following burial. FTIR-ATR results highlighted rapid changes following experimental burial in wet soil, tentatively associated with early onset microbial activity, which targeted readily available lipids but not tightly bound collagen. Prior to burial, differences in structural composition were present in leather spectra based on manufacture; however, following burial in wet soil, FTIR-ATR spectra indicated de-tanning occurs rapidly, especially in waterlogged conditions, with archaeological leather becoming more uniform and similar to untanned leather. Therefore, the comparison of FTIR-ATR results from archaeological leather to experimentally buried leather samples was informative for showing the destructive de-tanning in waterlogged environments. The comparison of FTIR-ATR data from modern unburied leather cannot be compared against archaeological samples. Importantly, despite de-tanning occurring soon after burial, the vegetable-tanning method promoted long-term preservation of leather in wet soil. The observed changes could not be directly associated with the proportion of condensed to hydrolysable tannin, suggesting alternate variables impacted the preservation. Furthermore, mineral components introduced into the leather through the animal skin, tannin material and/or tannin liquid are suggested to contribute to these changes. Crucially a high degree of heterogeneity in error results within the experimentally buried sample material underlined that any changes in collagen ratios cannot be overinterpreted and must be considered within the context of larger datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halldórsdóttir H H
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX UK
- National Horizons Centre 38 John Dixon Lane Darlington DL1 1HG UK
| | - Williams R
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX UK
- National Horizons Centre 38 John Dixon Lane Darlington DL1 1HG UK
| | - Greene E M
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Classical Studies, Western University 1151 Richmond St. London Ontario N6A 5B8 Canada
| | - Taylor G
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX UK
- National Horizons Centre 38 John Dixon Lane Darlington DL1 1HG UK
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5
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Long X, Guo S, Gu J, Zhang L, Liu H, Fan Y, Wen W. Chemical Fingerprint Analysis and Content Determination of Horned Gallnut and Bellied Gallnut in Galla Chinensis. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:8849341. [PMID: 38188368 PMCID: PMC10771921 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8849341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To establish an objective and comprehensive methodology to analyse the connections and differences between horned gallnut (HG) and bellied gallnut (BG) in Galla Chinensis (GC). The HPLC fingerprints from 15 batches of HG and 15 batches of BG were performed, and chemometric analysis including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) was also set up. The results showed that the similarity of all batch samples was more than 0.9. In fingerprint analysis, 8 distinct common peaks were detected, among which gallic acid (GA), 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (TGG), and 1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) were identified by comparing with the standard compounds. Meanwhile, samples were clearly grouped into two classifications corresponding to HG and BG. This study demonstrated that HPLC fingerprints coupled with chemometric analysis could be applied to discriminate HG and BG and evaluate the qualities of HG and BG rapidly, which provided a certain experimental basis for the selection of GC raw materials and subsequent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Long
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianxing Gu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650041, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, Yunnan, China
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6
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Bezuneh TT, Ofgea NM, Tessema SS, Bushira FA. Tannic Acid-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as Colorimetric Probe for the Simultaneous and Sensitive Detection of Aluminum(III) and Fluoride Ions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37293-37301. [PMID: 37841115 PMCID: PMC10568998 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed tannic acid (TA)-functionalized silver nanoparticles (TA@AgNPs) as colorimetric probe for the simultaneous and sensitive detection of Al(III) and F- ions. The proposed sensor was based on the aggregation and anti-aggregation effects of target Al(III) and F- ions on TA@AgNPs, respectively. Because of the strong coordination bond between Al(III) ions and TA, the addition of Al(III) ions to TA@AgNPs could cause aggregation and, hence, result in a significant change in the absorption and color of the test solution. Interestingly, in the presence of F- ions, the aggregation effect of Al(III) ions on TA@AgNPs can be effectively prevented. The extent of aggregation and anti-aggregation effects was concentration-dependent and can be used for the quantitative detection of Al(III) and F- ions. The as-proposed sensor presented the sensitive detection of Al(III) and F ions with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.2 and 0.19 μM, respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor showed excellent applicability for the detection of Al(III) and F- ions in real water samples. Moreover, the sensing strategy offered a simple, rapid, and sensitive detection procedure and could be used as a potential alternative to conventional methods, which usually involve sophisticated instruments, complicated processes, and a long detection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terefe Tafese Bezuneh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Arbaminch University, P.O. Box 21 Arbaminch, Ethiopia
| | - Natinael Mekonnen Ofgea
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Arbaminch University, P.O. Box 21 Arbaminch, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Simie Tessema
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Salale University, P.O. Box 245 Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Fuad Abduro Bushira
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jima University, P.O. Box 378 Jima, Ethiopia
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7
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Xiao Y, Zhou J, Wang C, Zhang J, Radnaeva VD, Lin W. Sustainable metal-free leather manufacture via synergistic effects of triazine derivative and vegetable tannins. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRestrictions on heavy metals, especially chromium, have encouraged alternative tanning systems that can reduce environmental and human health risks from conventional chrome-based tanning. In this work, metal-free combination tanning was developed by using vegetable tannins and a triazine-based syntan containing active chlorine groups (SACC). Specifically, the relationship between leather performance (e.g., hydrothermal stability and organoleptic properties) and technical protocols (e.g., types and dose of tannins) was systematically established. The optimized protocol involving a unique procedure (i.e., 10% SACC pre-tanning, shaving, and 25% wattle tanning) endowed the leather with high shrinkage temperature (~ 92 °C) and met the Chinese standards for shoe upper leather (QB/T 1873-2010). Our method not only produces zero chrome-containing solid wastes, but also uses ~ 75% less tannin for leather manufacture. The excellent leather performance was ascribed to the synergistic effects, where SACC and wattle diffused into collagen fibrils and may bind to collagen via covalent, hydrogen and ionic bonding, locking the hierarchical structure of collagen from microfibrils to fiber bundles. Moreover, we summarized these findings and proposed a diffusion-binding-locking mechanism, providing new insights for current tanning theory. Together with the biodegradable spent tanning liquor, this approach will underpin the development of sustainable leather manufacture.
Graphical Abstract
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Jyske T, Liimatainen J, Tienaho J, Brännström H, Aoki D, Kuroda K, Reshamwala D, Kunnas S, Halmemies E, Nakayama E, Kilpeläinen P, Ora A, Kaseva J, Hellström J, Marjomäki VS, Karonen M, Fukushima K. Inspired by nature: Fiber networks functionalized with tannic acid and condensed tannin-rich extracts of Norway spruce bark show antimicrobial efficacy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1171908. [PMID: 37152647 PMCID: PMC10154533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1171908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated the antibacterial and antiviral potential of condensed tannins and tannic acid when incorporated into fiber networks tested for functional material purposes. Condensed tannins were extracted from industrial bark of Norway spruce by using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), followed by purification of extracts by using XADHP7 treatment to obtain sugar-free extract. The chemical composition of the extracts was analyzed by using HPLC, GC‒MS and UHPLC after thiolytic degradation. The test matrices, i.e., lignocellulosic handsheets, were produced and impregnated with tannin-rich extracts, and tannic acid was used as a commercial reference. The antibacterial and antiviral efficacy of the handsheets were analyzed by using bioluminescent bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus RN4220+pAT19 and Escherichia coli K12+pCGLS11) and Enterovirus coxsackievirus B3. Potential bonding of the tannin-rich extract and tannic acid within the fiber matrices was studied by using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The deposition characteristics (distribution and accumulation patterns) of tannin compounds and extracts within fiber networks were measured and visualized by direct chemical mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and digital microscopy. Our results demonstrated for the first time, how tannin-rich extracts obtained from spruce bark side streams with green chemistry possess antiviral and antibacterial properties when immobilized into fiber matrices to create substitutes for plastic hygienic products, personal protection materials such as surgical face masks, or food packaging materials to prolong the shelf life of foodstuffs and prevent the spread of infections. However, more research is needed to further develop this proof-of-concept to ensure stable chemical bonding in product prototypes with specific chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tuula Jyske,
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Tienaho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Brännström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Teknologiakatu 7, Kokkola, Finland
| | - Dan Aoki
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Susan Kunnas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ounasjoentie 6, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eelis Halmemies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eiko Nakayama
- Department of Environmental Science Design, Showa Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ora
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Varpu S. Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. Molecules 2022; 27:8273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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10
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Ong CB, Ibrahim D, Mohd Kassim MJN. The Tannase from red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis: purification and characterization. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2136523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Boon Ong
- School of Science and Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Darah Ibrahim
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Espina A, Cañamares MV, Jurašeková Z, Sanchez-Cortes S. Analysis of Iron Complexes of Tannic Acid and Other Related Polyphenols as Revealed by Spectroscopic Techniques: Implications in the Identification and Characterization of Iron Gall Inks in Historical Manuscripts. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27937-27949. [PMID: 35990485 PMCID: PMC9386834 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a structural analysis of the polyphenol complexes with iron and copper at several conditions is reported. The investigated polyphenols were tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol, and syringic acid, being components and molecular models of the gallnuts usually employed in the past in fabrication of iron gall inks (IGIs). Commercial tannic acid extracted from gallnuts, which is a complex mixture of different gallotannins and simpler galloylglucoses, was also employed in this analysis. This analysis comprised the use of Raman, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), UV-vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The complexation of iron with these molecules leads to a strong change in color due to the deep restructuring of the polyphenol that can be clearly seen by Raman and FTIR spectra. Three main Raman bands appeared at 1450-1490 cm-1 (ν1), 1320-1345 cm-1 (ν2), and 400-650 cm-1 (ν3), which are characteristic of the metal complexes. The structural changes of the polyphenol complexes with iron were also investigated at different pHs and different polyphenol/iron stoichiometries. Other effects of the interaction of polyphenols with iron are the pH decrease of the mixture upon metal complexation and fluorescence quenching induced by the interaction of iron. This quenching is important since it facilitates the Raman inspection of manuscripts since polyphenols show a strong fluorescence emission that overlaps the Raman spectrum. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed for the first time on the gallic acid complex with iron in order to elaborate a detailed assignment of the vibrational modes of polyphenols and their metal complexes, something that was missed in previous applications of Raman to IGIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Espina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice 04154, Slovakia
| | | | - Zuzana Jurašeková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice 04154, Slovakia
| | - Santiago Sanchez-Cortes
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (CSIC), Serrano, 121. Madrid 28006, Spain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice 04154, Slovakia
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12
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Mora J, Pott DM, Osorio S, Vallarino JG. Regulation of Plant Tannin Synthesis in Crop Species. Front Genet 2022; 13:870976. [PMID: 35586570 PMCID: PMC9108539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.870976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant tannins belong to the antioxidant compound family, which includes chemicals responsible for protecting biological structures from the harmful effects of oxidative stress. A wide range of plants and crops are rich in antioxidant compounds, offering resistance to biotic, mainly against pathogens and herbivores, and abiotic stresses, such as light and wound stresses. These compounds are also related to human health benefits, offering protective effects against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in addition to providing anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial characteristics. Most of these compounds are structurally and biosynthetically related, being synthesized through the shikimate-phenylpropanoid pathways, offering several classes of plant antioxidants: flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Tannins are divided into two major classes: condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Hydrolysable tannin synthesis branches directly from the shikimate pathway, while condensed tannins are derived from the flavonoid pathway, one of the branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both types of tannins have been proposed as important molecules for taste perception of many fruits and beverages, especially wine, besides their well-known roles in plant defense and human health. Regulation at the gene level, biosynthesis and degradation have been extensively studied in condensed tannins in crops like grapevine (Vitis vinifera), persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and several berry species due to their high tannin content and their importance in the food and beverage industry. On the other hand, much less information is available regarding hydrolysable tannins, although some key aspects of their biosynthesis and regulation have been recently discovered. Here, we review recent findings about tannin metabolism, information that could be of high importance for crop breeding programs to obtain varieties with enhanced nutritional characteristics.
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Surek M, Cobre ADF, Fachi MM, Santos TG, Pontarolo R, Crisma AR, Felipe KB, Souza WMD. Propolis authentication of stingless bees by mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Vegetable tannin is widely applied in various industries, in agriculture, and in water treatment as a natural polyphenolic compound; however, little data has been collected concerning the relationship between structure and eco-toxicity. Here, the toxicity of six commercial tannin and three model chemicals was assessed using Photobacterium phosphoreum. Two kinds of hydrolyzed tannin displayed higher bioluminescence inhibition than four kinds of condensed tannin, and the model chemical of hydrolyzed tannin also showed greater toxicity than those of condensed tannin, indicating the structure dependent eco-toxicity of vegetable tannin. The reactive toxicity mechanism was proposed, which was illustrated by molecular simulations based on the model chemicals and luciferase.
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15
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Evaluation of Tannins as Potential Green Corrosion Inhibitors of Aluminium Alloy Used in Aeronautical Industry. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work some organic natural products were studied, namely tannic acid, gallic acid, mimosa tannin and chestnut tannin, as potential green corrosion inhibitors of the aluminium alloy AA2024-T3. The anodizing treatment was performed in a solution of the referred organic compounds in diluted sulfuric acid. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the potentiodynamic polarization were performed to assess sealing quality and corrosion protection granted by the anodic films. To understand the green inhibitors; interaction with the metal surface, FTIR spectra of anodizing and anodizing and sealed samples of AA2023-T3 were recorded, and the shifts in the position of the major bands confirmed that the green inhibitor interacts with the metal surface. Images of the morphology of the coatings were provided by Scanning Electron Microscopy. From the results obtained through the various techniques that were used to carry out this study it is possible to conclude that the formed anodic films can be a good contribution for the prevention of corrosion in the aluminium alloy AA2024-T3.
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Abstract
Tannins are an interesting class of polyphenols, characterized, in almost all cases, by a different degree of polymerization, which, inevitably, markedly influences their bioavailability, as well as biochemical and pharmacological activities. They have been used for the process of tanning to transform hides into leather, from which their name derives. For several time, they have not been accurately evaluated, but now researchers have started to unravel their potential, highlighting anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, as well as their involvement in cardiovascular, neuroprotective and in general metabolic diseases prevention. The mechanisms underlying their activity are often complex, but the main targets of their action (such as key enzymes modulation, activation of metabolic pathways and changes in the metabolic fluxes) are highlighted in this review, without losing sight of their toxicity. This aspect still needs further and better-designed study to be thoroughly understood and allow a more conscious use of tannins for human health.
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17
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Impact of Hydrolysis, Acetylation or Succinylation on Functional Properties of Plant-Based Proteins: Patents, Regulations, and Future Trends. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, plant-based proteins are gaining momentum due to their wide availability, good amino acid content, and their market appeal. Unfortunately, these molecules usually have low water solubility, affecting other functional characteristics, such as foaming and emulsification, opening technological opportunities for research. Some plant-based protein applications rely on adjustments to final formulations and changing these chemical structures to produce new protein ingredients is also a path widely used in recent research. These modifications can be classified as physical or chemical, the latter being the most popular, and hydrolysis is one of the more widely reported modifications. This review explores the application of chemical modifications to plant-based proteins to improve techno-functional properties, when applied as part of food formulations. In addition, acetylation and succinylation, as the second and third most used processes, are discussed, including a deep analysis of their effects. Furthermore, since there is no concise compilation of patents associated with these technological efforts, some of the references that involve chemical modifications and current regulations used worldwide for novel foods produced with these technologies are included in this review. Finally, future perspectives for the chemical modification of proteins are discussed.
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Abstract
Tannic Acid (TA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant polyphenol that has gained popularity over the past decade in the field of biomedical research for its unique biochemical properties. Tannic acid, typically extracted from oak tree galls, has been used in many important historical applications. TA is a key component in vegetable tanning of leather, iron gall ink, red wines, and as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of maladies. The basis of TA utility is derived from its many hydroxyl groups and its affinity for forming hydrogen bonds with proteins and other biomolecules. Today, the study of TA has led to the development of many new pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. TA has been shown to reduce inflammation as an antioxidant, act as an antibiotic in common pathogenic bacterium, and induce apoptosis in several cancer types. TA has also displayed antiviral and antifungal activity. At certain concentrations, TA can be used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as hemorrhoids and diarrhea, severe burns, and protect against neurodegenerative diseases. TA has also been utilized in biomaterials research as a natural crosslinking agent to improve mechanical properties of natural and synthetic hydrogels and polymers, while also imparting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer activity to the materials. TA has also been used to develop thin film coatings and nanoparticles for drug delivery. In all, TA is fascinating molecule with a wide variety of potential uses in pharmaceuticals, biomaterials applications, and drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baldwin
- RinggoldID:170373Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Brian W Booth
- RinggoldID:170373Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
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Appiah-Brempong M, Essandoh HMK, Asiedu NY, Dadzie SK, Momade FWY. Artisanal tannery wastewater: quantity and characteristics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08680. [PMID: 35024490 PMCID: PMC8732786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannery wastewater is one of the most toxic waste generated in industries. In spite of this, there still remains a paucity of information on characteristics of wastewater generated from artisanal tanneries. This study, therefore, assessed the water consumption, wastewater generation rates, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of wastewater produced from each process unit of an artisanal tannery in Ghana. The study revealed that the total amount of water use in the tannery ranged between 1171 and 2120L/day whilst the total volume of wastewater generated was within 820 and 1324L/day. Physicochemical characteristics of the different wastewater types generated at the tannery including chemical oxygen demand (13600-24333.30 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (1445.64-2803 mg/L), ammonia (3.20-21.38 mg/L), colour (950.35-53900.10PtCo), electrical conductivity (8170 - 10080 μS/cm), turbidity (450.24-1805NTU), suspended (1033.50-3216.40 mg/L) and dissolved (26166.50-4996.65 mg/L) solids exceeded the guidelines set by the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency. There were also high levels of chlorides, sodium, sulphates and calcium ions. The most dominant anion and cation in the wastewater were chlorides (715-20490.60 mg/L) and sodium ions (258-14056.45 mg/L) respectively. Heavy metals identified in the wastewater included zinc, aluminium, iron and chromium ions with the most dominant one being aluminium ions (0.58-78.18 mg/L). Whilst the E-coli was below detectable limit, the count of total coliforms ranged between 0 and 4.5 × 104CFU/100mL. Five helminth egg species (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Enterobius vermicularis) were identified with their numbers surpassing the safe limit set by the World Health Organisation for irrigation purposes. These results indicated that the indiscriminate discharge of the untreated wastewater on the bare soil as it is practised at the tannery has the potential to adversely affect public and environmental health. Appropriate treatment schemes are therefore, required to treat the wastewater to safe limits prior to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Appiah-Brempong
- Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre Kumasi, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh
- Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre Kumasi, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nana Yaw Asiedu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kwame Dadzie
- Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation Centre Kumasi, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Warings Yao Momade
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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20
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Wei Y, Hao B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xiao H, Li L, Huang X, Shi B. Tannery solid waste-derived cross-scale deformable piezoresistive sensors for monitoring human body motions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00718e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cross-scale deformable piezoresistive sensors with a pillar-supported directional multi-layer structure were prepared by using tannery solid wastes, which were highly efficient for monitoring human body motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Baicun Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhong Xiao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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21
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Baldwin A, Hartl M, Tschaikowsky M, Balzer BN, Booth BW. Degradation and release of tannic acid from an injectable tissue regeneration bead matrix in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1165-1177. [PMID: 34904786 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of multifunctional biomaterials as both tissue regeneration and drug delivery devices is currently a major focus in biomedical research. Tannic Acid (TA), a naturally occurring plant polyphenol, displays unique medicinal abilities as an antioxidant, an antibiotic, and as an anticancer agent. TA has applications in biomaterials acting as a crosslinker in polymer hydrogels improving thermal stability and mechanical properties. We have developed injectable cell seeded collagen beads crosslinked with TA for breast reconstruction and anticancer activity following lumpectomy. This study determined the longevity of the bead implants by establishing a degradation time line and TA release profile in vivo. Beads crosslinked with 0.1% TA and 1% TA were compared to observe the differences in TA concentration on degradation and release. We found collagen/TA beads degrade at similar rates in vivo, yet are resistant to complete degradation after 16 weeks. TA is released over time in vivo through diffusion and cellular activity. Changes in mechanical properties in collagen/TA beads before implantation to after 8 weeks in vivo also indicate loss of TA over a longer period of time. Elastic moduli decreased uniformly in both 0.1% and 1% TA beads. This study establishes that collagen/TA materials can act as a drug delivery system, rapidly releasing TA within the first week following implantation. However, the beads retain TA long term allowing them to resist degradation and remain in situ acting as a cell scaffold and tissue filler. This confirms its potential use as an anticancer and minimally invasive breast reconstructive device following lumpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baldwin
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mathaeus Tschaikowsky
- Institue of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bizan N Balzer
- Institue of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brian W Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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22
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Carsote C, Şendrea C, Micu MC, Adams A, Badea E. Micro-DSC, FTIR-ATR and NMR MOUSE study of the dose-dependent effects of gamma irradiation on vegetable-tanned leather: The influence of leather thermal stability. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Du Y, Brumaud C, Winnefeld F, Lai YH, Habert G. Mechanisms for efficient clay dispersing effect with tannins and sodium hydroxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Qiao DW, Yao J, Song LJ, Yang JY. Migration of leather tannins and chromium in soils under the effect of simulated rain. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131413. [PMID: 34323793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) and tannin are two major pollutants in leather industry. However, little is known about the co-migration of leather tannins and Cr in soils. In this study, column experiments were conducted to estimate Cr leaching behavior from topsoil and the environmental risk of the leachate at various tannin dosages and different ways (tannin either directly adding to the Cr-contaminated soil or adding stepwise through simulated rain) into the soil. The total Cr concentration in leachate was positively related with tannin content in soil, while Cr (Ⅵ) concentration was negatively correlated. The maximum cumulative leaching efficiency of total Cr from soil after six leaching events was 44.65% with 3 mg/g tannin adding into soil directly, and the maximum cumulative leaching efficiency of Cr (Ⅵ) was 38.75% with simulated rain leaching Cr-contaminated soil. With 3 mg/g tannin adding into soil, tannin concentration in the top layer (0-7 cm) lost by 32.67% after leaching, the amount of decomposed tannin was 0.25 mg/g, excluding the amount of tannin in leachate (3.63 mg/L) and the original amount in the soil (0.34 mg/g), indicating a slow degradation under natural condition. Both of the total Cr and Cr (Ⅵ) concentration in each layer of the soil columns decreased under tannin treatments compared with control. Compared with tannin adding stepwise into simulated rain, adding tannin into soil significantly (p < 0.05) affected the migration of Cr. Tannin increased the residual fraction while decreased the exchangeable fraction of Cr in the soils. Overall, this research can provide reference information for environmental risk assessment of contaminants in tanning sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Qiao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jian Yao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li-Jie Song
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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25
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Silva AR, Pinela J, García PA, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L.: Optimised heat/ultrasound-assisted extraction of tannins by response surface methodology. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Sionkowska MM, Mazur O, Świątczak J, Brzezinska MS. The role of microorganisms in biodegradation of chitosan/tannic acid materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:584-592. [PMID: 34171256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High utilization of thermoplastic polymers with low degradation rates as packaging materials generates a large amount of waste. Therefore, it should be replaced by natural polymers that can be degraded by microorganisms. In this paper, chitosan (CTS)/tannic acid (TA) materials in the weight ratios of 80CTS/20TA and 50CTS/50TA were prepared as potential packaging materials. The results showed that these materials were similarly degraded in soil and compost. However, in comparison to 50CTS/50TA, 80CTS/20TA was slightly better degraded in soil. After 14 days of biodegradation, the chemical structure of materials was changed resulting from adhesion of the microorganisms. The smallest changes were observed on 80CTS/20TA film. Bacterial species were collected and identified from materials after the degradation process. Microorganisms with the highest hydrolytic activity were chosen for the degradation study. Biodegradation and hydrolytic activity were observed only in a few strains, which indicate difficulties in material degradation. Soil bacteria degraded the films better than bacteria isolated from the compost. This study showed also that consortia of bacteria added to soil and compost had a positive effect on the biodegradation of the tested materials and increased the biodegradation of these materials in the studied environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Michalska Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Olha Mazur
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87 100 Torun, Poland.
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27
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Aliabadi M, Chee BS, Matos M, Cortese YJ, Nugent MJD, de Lima TAM, Magalhães WLE, de Lima GG, Firouzabadi MD. Microfibrillated cellulose films containing chitosan and tannic acid for wound healing applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:67. [PMID: 34117926 PMCID: PMC8197706 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of tannic acid as antimicrobial and wound healing for burns have been shown for a century; however, uncontrolled target dosage may result in undesirable side-effects. Remarkably, tannic acid polyphenols compounds crosslinked with polymeric materials produce a strong composite containing the beneficial properties of this tannin. However, investigation of the crosslink structure and its antibacterial and regenerative properties are still unknown when using nanocellulose by mechanical defibrillation; additionally, due to the potential crosslink structure with chitosan, its structure can be complex. Therefore, this work uses bleach kraft nanocellulose in order to investigate the effect on the physical and regenerative properties when incorporated with chitosan and tannic acid. This film results in increased rigidity with a lamellar structure when incorporated with tannic acid due to its strong hydrogen bonding. The release of tannic acid varied depending on the structure it was synthesised with, whereas with chitosan it presented good release model compared to pure cellulose. In addition, exhibiting similar thermal stability as pure cellulose films with antibacterial properties tested against S. aureus and E. coli with good metabolic cellular viability while also inhibiting NF-κB activity, a characteristic of tannic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Aliabadi
- Department of Paper sciences and engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Bor Shin Chee
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Mailson Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais - PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yvonne J Cortese
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Michael J D Nugent
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Tielidy A M de Lima
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | | | - Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais - PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Sallam IE, Abdelwareth A, Attia H, Aziz RK, Homsi MN, von Bergen M, Farag MA. Effect of Gut Microbiota Biotransformation on Dietary Tannins and Human Health Implications. Microorganisms 2021; 9:965. [PMID: 33947064 PMCID: PMC8145700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of high-molecular-weight polyphenols that are ubiquitous among plant families, especially in cereals, as well as in many fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins, in addition to phlorotannins from marine algae, are the main classes of these bioactive compounds. Despite their low bioavailability, tannins have many beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Microbiota-mediated hydrolysis of tannins produces highly bioaccessible metabolites, which have been extensively studied and account for most of the health effects attributed to tannins. This review article summarises the effect of the human microbiota on the metabolism of different tannin groups and the expected health benefits that may be induced by such mutual interactions. Microbial metabolism of tannins yields highly bioaccessible microbial metabolites that account for most of the systemic effects of tannins. This article also uses explainable artificial intelligence to define the molecular signatures of gut-biotransformed tannin metabolites that are correlated with chemical and biological activity. An understanding of microbiota-tannin interactions, tannin metabolism-related phenotypes (metabotypes) and chemical tannin-metabolites motifs is of great importance for harnessing the biological effects of tannins for drug discovery and other health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City 12566, Egypt;
| | - Amr Abdelwareth
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Heba Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Ramy K. Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.A.); (R.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | - Masun Nabhan Homsi
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ GmbH, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ GmbH, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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An Analytical Toolbox for Fast and Straightforward Structural Characterisation of Commercially Available Tannins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092532. [PMID: 33926135 PMCID: PMC8123674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins represent versatile natural polyphenolic structures exhibiting a broad range of activities that could be exploited in various fields including nutraceutics, cosmesis, consumer care, household and pharmaceutical applications. Various tannins are commercially available nowadays for use in such application fields. We have analysed a representative selection of commercially available condensed and hydrolysable tannins for structural features and purity. Using a combination of quantitative 31P NMR spectroscopy, HSQC measurements, MALDI-ToF analyses, gel permeation chromatography and wet chemical analysis, detailed structural characterisations and descriptions were possible, allowing for verification and falsification of claimed structural features.
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Chamorro F, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods 2021; 10:251. [PMID: 33530516 PMCID: PMC7912241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers' demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer's acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata RA7600, Argentina
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
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Baldwin A, Uy L, Booth BW. Characterization of collagen type I/tannic acid beads as a cell scaffold. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520988306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Surgical removal of tumors is often necessary and many patients suffer complications due to subsequent breast reconstruction. A safe and effective breast reconstructive material is needed for patients recovering from surgical removal of small breast cancer tumors. Our lab has developed injectable collagen/tannic acid beads seeded with patient-derived preadipocytes for regeneration of healthy breast tissue in patients post-lumpectomy. Previous research indicates that the inclusion of tannic acid in the matrix imparts an anticancer property. This research seeks to determine the variables needed to control collagen/tannic acid bead diameter and seeded cell attachment, which are essential to proper bead implantation and function. We found that as tannic acid concentration increases within the beads, cell attachment decreases. Bead diameter is controlled by bead generator voltage, solution osmolality, the degree of cell attachment, and tannic acid concentrations. Higher voltages resulted in significant decrease in bead diameter. Collagen/tannic acid beads decreased in diameter when placed in solutions of increasing osmolality. Higher degrees of cell attachment across the surface of the beads were associated with a significant decrease in diameter. In beads made with high concentrations of tannic acid, bead diameter was found to decrease. Collagen/TA beads are a promising subdermal tissue regenerative matrix with anticancer activity as an alternative to simple lipofilling in breast reconstructive procedures. This study was conducted to better understand the properties of collagen/TA beads in order to improve injection efficacy and tissue regenerative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Baldwin
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lisa Uy
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Brian W Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Tintner J. Recent developments in using the molecular decay dating method: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1493:29-40. [PMID: 33442875 PMCID: PMC8247969 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dating of organic findings is a fundamental task for many scientific fields. Radiocarbon dating is currently the most commonly used method. For wood, dendrochronology is another state‐of‐the‐art method. Both methods suffer from systematic restrictions, leading to samples that have not yet been able to be dated. Molecular changes over time are reported for many materials under different preservation conditions. Many of them are intrinsically monotonous. These monotonous molecular decay (MD) patterns can be understood as clocks that start at the time when a given molecule was formed. Factors that influence these clocks include input material composition and preservation conditions. Different wood species, degrees of pyrolysis, and pretreatments lead to different prediction models. Preservation conditions might change the speed of a given clock and lead to different prediction models. Currently published models for predicting the age of wood, paper, and parchment depend on infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to radiocarbon dating, dating via MD does not comprise a single methodology. Some clocks may deliver less precise results than the others. Ultimately, developing a completely different, new dating strategy‐such as MD dating–will help to bring to light a treasure trove of information hidden in the darkness of organic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tintner
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Jarboui A, Nuñez-Estevez B, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins' Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods 2021; 10:137. [PMID: 33440730 PMCID: PMC7827785 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, consumers have been continuously moving towards the substitution of synthetic ingredients of the food industry by natural products, obtained from vegetal, animal or microbial sources. Additionally, a circular economy has been proposed as the most efficient production system since it allows for reducing and reutilizing different wastes. Current agriculture is responsible for producing high quantities of organic agricultural waste (e.g., discarded fruits and vegetables, peels, leaves, seeds or forestall residues), that usually ends up underutilized and accumulated, causing environmental problems. Interestingly, these agri-food by-products are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Amira Jarboui
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Gezaf SA, Abo Nouh FA, Abdel-Azeem AM. Fungal Communities from Different Habitats for Tannins in Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acevedo-Ramírez PMDC, Hallal-Calleros C, Flores-Pérez I, Alba-Hurtado F, Mendoza-Garfias MB, Barajas R. Nematicidal Effect and Histological Modifications Induced by Hydrolysable Tannin Extract on the Third-Stage Infective Larvae of Haemonchus contortus. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E442. [PMID: 33291522 PMCID: PMC7761828 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is the most frequent and most important nematode parasite in the ruminants production of tropical and subtropical regions. There are strains resistant to all families of available anthelmintics. Consequently, the conduction of research to find other resources that allow effective control of this parasitic disease, preferably focusing on green production, is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrolysable tannin extract (HTE) on larvae 3 (L3) of H. contortus in vitro. L3 were exposed to different HTE concentrations and times. In addition, both light and scanning electron microscopy were used to explore physical damage on L3 subjected to HTE activity. After 72 h of incubation, the mean lethal concentration of HTE was 2 mg/mL; this concentration has been previously referred to as safe for consumption in cattle. Scanning electron microscopy revealed H. contortus L3 destruction, damage was evident by separation of the sheath mainly in the cervical and caudal regions of the larva and by rupture of the cuticle with larval evisceration. Our results suggest that hydrolysable tannin extract from chestnut could be considered as a green alternative for parasitic control in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Hallal-Calleros
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Morelos State, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (C.H.-C.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Iván Flores-Pérez
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Morelos State, Morelos 62209, Mexico; (C.H.-C.); (I.F.-P.)
| | - Fernando Alba-Hurtado
- Cuautitlan Faculty of Higher Studies, National autonomous University of Mexico, Estado de Mexico Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | | | - Rubén Barajas
- Faculty of Agronomy, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Sinaloa 80090, Mexico;
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Zhu C, Wang H, Ma H, Yang Y, Li F. Tanning process promotes abiotic humification: separation and characterization of humic acid-like polymers complex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41437-41445. [PMID: 32683619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances are essential components of soluble organic matter in tannery wastewater. However, the tannery process can promote the abiotic humification in wastewater. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the pathway and degree of abiotic humification and the properties of the as-derived humic acid-like (HAL) complex polymers in the tannery process in order to control the refractory organic compounds. In the present study, considering the catechol-Maillard system and commercial humic acid (HA) as control, the polyphenol-Maillard humification in the tannery process was simulated under the catalysis of MnO2. Moreover, physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the separated fractions of HAL further. As a result, it was found that the catechol-Maillard system with small molecule organic matter as precursor had higher humification degree. Furthermore, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectrum of humic acid-like 0 (HAL0) derived from it was different from those of humic acid-like 1 and 2 (HAL1 and HAL2) of polyphenol-Maillard system, indicating the differences of polymer structure between them. In the polyphenol-Maillard system, tannin was the skeleton of polymerization or polycondensation reaction, and the high content of N and the H/C value of HAL2 indicated that in adding to amino acids, proteins promoted the humification, forming industry-specific HAL polymers with a high degree of aliphatic nature. Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling the raw materials in the tannery process (especially tannins), in order to reduce the occurrence of abiotic humification may be the key to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hongrui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yonglin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Balakrishnan A, Kanchinadham SBK, Kalyanaraman C. Assessment on biodegradability prediction of tannery wastewater using EPI Suite BIOWIN model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:732. [PMID: 33123797 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic compounds would reveal important information on the final fate of a chemical in the environment. However, establishing biodegradability and fate of a chemical is cumbersome. In this scenario, the use of multimedia models help in predicting the fate and half-life of any compound to establish biodegradability. The study commenced with collection of wastewater samples, after primary and secondary treatment, from a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) treating tannery wastewater. The samples were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis identified that polyphenolic compounds were detected after biological treatment. The identified compounds emanated from tanning, dyeing, and fatliquoring process of leather making. Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite BIOWIN 3 and BIOWIN 4 model prediction revealed that while the primary biodegradation time-frame ranged from days to weeks, the ultimate biodegradation took weeks in the case of all the detected compounds. This study established that BIOWIN model could be used as a screening tool to determine biodegradability of complex chemicals used in tanneries and help to design better treatment facility with enhanced efficiency for removal of polyphenolic compounds. This methodology can also be applied to other industrial wastewaters containing recalcitrant chemicals, and with the help of BIOWIN model, information on biodegradability of chemicals present in the wastewater can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Balakrishnan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | | | - Chitra Kalyanaraman
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
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Turrini F, Donno D, Beccaro GL, Pittaluga A, Grilli M, Zunin P, Boggia R. Bud-Derivatives, a Novel Source of Polyphenols and How Different Extraction Processes Affect Their Composition. Foods 2020; 9:E1343. [PMID: 32977484 PMCID: PMC7598208 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal food supplements, as a concentrate form of vegetable extracts, increased so much over the past years to count them among the relevant sources of dietetic polyphenols. Bud-derivatives are a category of botanicals perceived as a "new entry" in this sector since they are still poorly studied. Due to the lack of a manufacturing process specification, very different products can be found on the market in terms of their polyphenolic profile depending on the experimental conditions of manufacturing. In this research two different manufacturing processes, using two different protocols, and eight species (Carpinus betulus L., Cornus mas L., Ficus carica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus montana Mill., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Tilia tomentosa Moench), commonly used to produce bud-derivatives, have been considered as a case study. An untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint of the extracts, coupled to chemometrics, provide to be a useful tool to identify these botanicals. The targeted phytochemical fingerprint by HPLC provided a screening of the main bud-derivatives polyphenolic classes highlighting a high variability depending on both method and protocol used. Nevertheless, ultrasonic extraction proved to be less sensitive to the different extraction protocols than conventional maceration regarding the extract polyphenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Dario Donno
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (D.D.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (D.D.); (G.L.B.)
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Zunin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Raffaella Boggia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (M.G.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
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40
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Proietti N, Di Tullio V, Carsote C, Badea E. 13 C solid-state NMR complemented by ATR-FTIR and micro-DSC to study modern collagen-based material and historical leather. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:840-859. [PMID: 32250473 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ancient vegetable tanned leathers and parchments are very complex materials in which both different manufacturing and deterioration processes make their study and chemical characterisation difficult. In this research, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to identify different tannin families (condensed and hydrolysable) in historical leather objects such as bookbindings, wall upholsters, footwear and accessories, and military apparel. Furthermore, leather deterioration with special focus on collagen gelatinisation was investigated. A comparison with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC) was also performed to support the 13 C CP-MAS NMR findings and to point out the advantages and limitations of solid-state NMR in analysing historical and archaeological leathers. A wide database of NMR and FTIR spectra of commercial tannins compounds was also collected in order to characterise historical and archaeological leathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Proietti
- "Segre-Capitani" NMR Laboratory, Institute for Biological Systems (ISB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Tullio
- "Segre-Capitani" NMR Laboratory, Institute for Biological Systems (ISB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Carsote
- Center for Research and Physical-Chemical and Biological Investigations, National Museum of Romanian History, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Badea
- Advanced Research for Cultural Heritage Group (ARCH Lab), National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather, ICPI Division, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Hydrolyzable vs. Condensed Wood Tannins for Bio-based Antioxidant Coatings: Superior Properties of Quebracho Tannins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090804. [PMID: 32878314 PMCID: PMC7556001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins have always been the subject of great interest for their countless properties, first of all their ability to produce functional coatings on a variety of materials. We report herein a comparative evaluation of the antioxidant properties of wood tannin-based coated substrates. In particular, nylon membrane filters were functionalized with chestnut (hydrolyzable) or quebracho (condensed) tannins by dip coating under different conditions. The efficiency of functionalization was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, which invariably highlighted the superior ability of condensed tannins to induce the formation of a functional and robust coating. The results of the antioxidant assays revealed also the deleterious effects of aerial or enzymatic oxidation conditions on substrate functionalization, being more significant in the case of hydrolyzable tannins. On the other hand, the use of oxidizing conditions allowed to obtain more stable coatings, still exhibiting good antioxidant properties, in the case of condensed tannins. The presence of iron ions did not lead to a significant improvement of the coating efficiency for either tannins. The systematic approach used in this work provides novel and useful information for the optimal exploitation of tannins in antioxidant functional coatings.
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Cunsolo V, Tringali C. Mass Spectrometry and 1H-NMR Study of Schinopsis lorentzii (Quebracho) Tannins as a Source of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Principles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143257. [PMID: 32708865 PMCID: PMC7397293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of the commercial tannin Tan’Activ QS-SOL (from Schinopsis lorentzii wood), employed for the production of red wine, was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, providing nine fractions (A-1–A-9), which were estimated for total phenols content (GAE), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC), and hypoglycemic activity (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition). All the fractions were analyzed by means of HPLC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H-NMR to identify the principal active constituents. Fractions A-1 and A-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and gallic acid (1), pyrogallol (3), eriodictyol (6), catechin (12), and taxifolin (30) were identified as the major constituents. The highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in fractions A-7–A-9 containing condensed (9′, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 27) hydrolysable tannins (13 and 32) as well as esters of quinic acid with different units of gallic acid (5, 11, 11′, 14, and 22). This last class of gallic acid esters are here reported for the first time as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors.
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Ma H, Wang Q, Hao Y, Zhu C, Chen X, Wang C, Yang Y. Fenton reaction induced in-situ redox and re-complexation of polyphenol-Cr complex and their products. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126214. [PMID: 32088615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in-situ Fenton oxidation was used for the de-complexation and degradation of tannin-Cr(III) complexes. Cr(III) can be oxidized into free Cr(VI) under the effect of ·OH and oxidation products of tannin can be used as reductant for Cr(VI) to establish a redox cycle of Cr(III)-Cr(VI)-Cr(III). Thus, it is crucial to investigate the interactions of Cr(III) with tannin derived oxidation products due to negligible accumulation of Cr(VI) during Fenton oxidation treatment. Here, sequential filtration/ultrafiltration was applied to reveal the distribution characteristics of TOC and Cr fractions during the oxidation of tannin-Cr(III). As the increase of colloidal size of tannic acid products, residual TOC and Cr mainly distribute in larger size range after the oxidation of tannin-Cr(III) which can be ascribed to re-complexation between oxidation products and Cr(III). Besides, analytical results indicate that carboxyl group and hydroxyl group in oxidation products may cause the re-complexation of Cr(III), resulting in the formation of highly conjugated materials containing Cr(III). It can be concluded that due attention should be paid to the efficient removal technology and mechanism for polymer-Cr complexes, as well as the oxidation intermediates in the role of conversion and removal of Cr species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yongyong Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiangping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
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Watrelot AA, Norton EL. Chemistry and Reactivity of Tannins in Vitis spp.: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092110. [PMID: 32365968 PMCID: PMC7248762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a group of polyphenols found in fruits, leaves, trees, etc., well known in the leather industry and in apples, persimmons and grapes, because of their capacity to interact with other polyphenols or other components either from the food product or from saliva. Prior to being able to interact with other compounds, tannins have to be extracted from the food matrix, which depends on their chemistry, as well as the chemical structure of other components, such as cell wall material and proteins. Vitis vinifera grapes are commonly grown around the world and are used in winemaking, providing good quality wines with different levels of tannins responsible for the final wine’s astringency. Many studies have focused on tannins extractability and retention with cell wall material, and the reactivity of tannins with proteins in Vitis vinifera grapes and wine, but there are very few reports for other Vitis species. However, depending on the environmental characteristics of certain regions, Vitis hybrid grapes are grown and used to produce wines more and more. This review focuses on the comparison of the chemistry of tannins, and their reactivity with other macromolecules in Vitis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude A. Watrelot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-0343
| | - Erin L. Norton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA;
- Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA
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Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030614. [PMID: 32019231 PMCID: PMC7037717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds naturally found in vegetables. Their presence in nature has prompted their historical use in many different ways. The revision of their traditional utilization has allowed their further modification aiming for an industrial application. Sometimes these modifications have implied the addition of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen of category B1. In other cases, these natural tannins have been replaced by synthetic compounds that threaten human and animal health and damage the environment. Therefore, currently, both academy and industry are searching for the substitution of these unsafe complexes by the increasing inclusion of tannins, natural molecules that can be obtained from several and diverse renewable resources, modified using harmless additives. To achieve promising results, cost-efficient and eco-friendly extraction methods have been designed. Once these green alternatives have been isolated, they have been successfully applied to many fields with very assorted aims of utilization such as coagulants, adhesives, floatation agents, tannings, dyes, additives, or biomolecules. Therefore, this review offers a global vision of the full process that involves the tannin’s technological application including an overview of the most relevant tannin sources, effective extraction methods, and their utilization in very diverse fields.
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