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Xu Y, Zhang S, Zhang M, Jiao S, Guo Y, Jiang T. The role of reactive oxygen species in plant-virus interactions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:197. [PMID: 39014054 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a complex role in interactions between plant viruses and their host plants. They can both help the plant defend against viral infection and support viral infection and spread. This review explores the various roles of ROS in plant-virus interactions, focusing on their involvement in symptom development and the activation of plant defense mechanisms. The article discusses how ROS can directly inhibit viral infection, as well as how they can regulate antiviral mechanisms through various pathways involving miRNAs, virus-derived small interfering RNAs, viral proteins, and host proteins. Additionally, it examines how ROS can enhance plant resistance by interacting with hormonal pathways and external substances. The review also considers how ROS might promote viral infection and transmission, emphasizing their intricate role in plant-virus dynamics. These insights offer valuable guidance for future research, such as exploring the manipulation of ROS-related gene expression through genetic engineering, developing biopesticides, and adjusting environmental conditions to improve plant resistance to viruses. This framework can advance research in plant disease resistance, agricultural practices, and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Sutong Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Sibo Jiao
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- A School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
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2
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Sepehry Javan Z, Razavi SM, Khalofah A, Ghorbani A. The ameliorating effects of cinnamic acid-based nanocomposite against salt stress in peppermint. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45055-45073. [PMID: 38958856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are important in regulating plant tolerance to salt stress. Peppermint is one of the most widely used aromatic plants, with a high sensitivity to salt stress. The present study investigated physiological and biochemical factors to understand better the behavior of cinnamic acid (CA) and cinnamic acid nanocomposite in salinity control in peppermint plants. The first factor was salt stress with different salt concentrations, including 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L, the second factor was 50 μM CA, and the third factor was 50 μM CA nanocomposite based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-CA NC). Results showed that stress markers increased with increasing salinity levels. On the contrary, plants treated with salinity showed a decrease in physiological and photosynthetic parameters, while the application of CA and CMC CA NC increased these critical parameters. Under salinity, compared to the control, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents decreased by 11.3% and 70.4%, respectively. Furthermore, CA and CMC-CA NC enhanced peppermint tolerance to salinity by increasing compatible solute content such as proline, free amino acids, protein content, and soluble carbohydrates, increasing antioxidant enzymes, and decreasing stress markers in plant tissues. Compared to the control, chlorophyll fluorescence and proline content increased by 1.1% and 172.1%, respectively. Salinity stress negatively affected all physiological and biochemical parameters, but CA and CMC-CA NC treatments improved them. We concluded that the nanocomposite, a biostimulant, significantly enhances mint tolerance under salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sepehry Javan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 13131561991, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Razavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 13131561991, Iran.
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abazar Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 13131561991, Iran
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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El-Saadony MT, Desoky ESM, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF, Saad AM. Exploiting the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in reducing heavy metal toxicity of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27465-27484. [PMID: 38512572 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative methods for removing heavy metals (HM) from contaminated agricultural soils. Therefore, this study aims to identify and characterize HM-tolerant (HMT) plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from industry-contaminated soils to determine their impact as bioremediators on HM-stressed pepper plants. Four isolates [Pseudomonas azotoformans (Pa), Serratia rubidaea (Sr), Paenibacillus pabuli (Pp) and Bacillus velezensis (Bv)] were identified based on their remarkable levels of HM tolerance in vitro. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the growth promotion and tolerance to HM toxicity of pepper plants grown in HM-polluted soils. Plants exposed to HM stress showed improved growth, physio-biochemistry, and antioxidant defense system components when treated with any of the individual isolates, in contrast to the control group that did not receive PGPR. The combined treatment of the tested HMT PGPR was, however, relatively superior to other treatments. Compared to no or single PGPR treatment, the consortia (Pa+Sr+Pp+Bv) increased the photosynthetic pigment contents, relative water content, and membrane stability index but lowered the electrolyte leakage and contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide by suppressing the (non) enzymatic antioxidants in plant tissues. In pepper, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni contents decreased by 88.0-88.5, 63.8-66.5, 66.2-67.0, and 90.2-90.9% in leaves, and 87.2-88.1, 69.4-70.0%, 80.0-81.3, and 92.3%% in fruits, respectively. Thus, these PGPR are highly effective at immobilizing HM and reducing translocation in planta. These findings indicate that the application of HMT PGPR could be a promising "bioremediation" strategy to enhance growth and productivity of crops cultivated in soils contaminated with HM for sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 6150, W.A., Murdoch, Australia
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Kumar V, Srivastava AK, Sharma D, Pandey SP, Pandey M, Dudwadkar A, Parab HJ, Suprasanna P, Das BK. Antioxidant Defense and Ionic Homeostasis Govern Stage-Specific Response of Salinity Stress in Contrasting Rice Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:778. [PMID: 38592827 PMCID: PMC10975454 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most severe environmental stresses limiting the productivity of crops, including rice. However, there is a lack of information on how salt-stress sensitivity varies across different developmental stages in rice. In view of this, a comparative evaluation of contrasting rice varieties CSR36 (salt tolerant) and Jaya (salt sensitive) was conducted, wherein NaCl stress (50 mM) was independently given either at seedling (S-stage), tillering (T-stage), flowering (F-stage), seed-setting (SS-stage) or throughout plant growth, from seedling till maturity. Except for S-stage, CSR36 exhibited improved NaCl stress tolerance than Jaya, at all other tested stages. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the improved NaCl stress tolerance in CSR36 coincided with enhanced activities/levels of enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants (root ascorbate peroxidase for T- (2.74-fold) and S+T- (2.12-fold) stages and root catalase for F- (5.22-fold), S+T- (2.10-fold) and S+T+F- (2.61-fold) stages) and higher accumulation of osmolytes (shoot proline for F-stage (5.82-fold) and S+T+F- (2.31-fold) stage), indicating better antioxidant capacitance and osmotic adjustment, respectively. In contrast, higher shoot accumulation of Na+ (14.25-fold) and consequent increase in Na+/K+ (14.56-fold), Na+/Mg+2 (13.09-fold) and Na+/Ca+2 (8.38-fold) ratio in shoot, were identified as major variables associated with S-stage salinity in Jaya. Higher root Na+ and their associated ratio were major deriving force for other stage specific and combined stage salinity in Jaya. In addition, CSR36 exhibited higher levels of Fe3+, Mn2+ and Co3+ and lower Cl- and SO42-, suggesting its potential to discriminate essential and non-essential nutrients, which might contribute to NaCl stress tolerance. Taken together, the findings provided the framework for stage-specific salinity responses in rice, which will facilitate crop-improvement programs for specific ecological niches, including coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- BARC Campus, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ashish K. Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur 492012, India
| | - Shailaja P. Pandey
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Manish Pandey
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ayushi Dudwadkar
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Harshala J. Parab
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Bikram K. Das
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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An XH, Wang N, Wang H, Li Y, Si XY, Zhao S, Tian Y. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of response of walnuts ( Juglans regia) to Pantoea agglomerans infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1294643. [PMID: 38116156 PMCID: PMC10728658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1294643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Walnut blight is a serious bacterial disease that affects the yield and quality of walnuts. Pantoea agglomerans is one of the main causative agents of walnut blight. However, there have been few studies on the response of walnuts to P. agglomerans infection. Methods In this study, the soluble sugar, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and secondary metabolites were measured, and the transcriptomic analysis was performed to determine the response of walnut tissue cultures to P. agglomerans infection. Results After pathogen inoculation, the soluble sugar content decreased, and photosynthesis was inhibited. Antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoid) contents increased, especially in the early stages of inoculation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is induced after infection, and pathogen infection promotes ABA and ethylene signal transduction and inhibits auxin signaling. In addition, SA and JA-related gene expression was altered after inoculation with P. agglomerans, and the FLS- and calcium-mediated disease resistance signaling pathways were activated. Furthermore, our results suggested an involvement of the R-protein RPM-mediated disease resistance pathway in the response of walnuts to bacterial infections. Discussion Our findings indicated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction have key roles in pathogenic inoculation, which provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in the response of walnuts to P. agglomerans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong An
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Si
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shugang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yi Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas, Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Oppong-Danquah E, Blümel M, Tasdemir D. Metabolomics and Microbiomics Insights into Differential Surface Fouling of Three Macroalgal Species of Fucus (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) That Co-Exist in the German Baltic Sea. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:595. [PMID: 37999420 PMCID: PMC10672516 DOI: 10.3390/md21110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown algal genus Fucus provides essential ecosystem services crucial for marine environments. Macroalgae (seaweeds) release dissolved organic matter, hence, are under strong settlement pressure from micro- and macrofoulers. Seaweeds are able to control surface epibionts directly by releasing antimicrobial compounds onto their surfaces, and indirectly by recruiting beneficial microorganisms that produce antimicrobial/antifouling metabolites. In the Kiel Fjord, in the German Baltic Sea, three distinct Fucus species coexist: F. vesiculosus, F. serratus, and F. distichus subsp. evanescens. Despite sharing the same habitat, they show varying fouling levels; F. distichus subsp. evanescens is the least fouled, while F. vesiculosus is the most fouled. The present study explored the surface metabolomes and epiphytic microbiota of these three Fucus spp., aiming to uncover the factors that contribute to the differences in the fouling intensity on their surfaces. Towards this aim, algal surface metabolomes were analyzed using comparative untargeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, to identify the marker metabolites influencing surface fouling. Their epiphytic microbial communities were also comparatively characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, to pinpoint the differences in the surface microbiomes of the algae. Our results show that the surface of the least fouling species, F. distichus subsp. evanescens, is enriched with bioactive compounds, such as betaine lipids MGTA, 4-pyridoxic acid, and ulvaline, which are absent from the other species. Additionally, it exhibits a high abundance of the fungal genera Mucor and Alternaria, along with the bacterial genus Yoonia-Loktanella. These taxa are known for producing antimicrobial/antifouling compounds, suggesting their potential role in the observed fouling resistance on the surface of the F. distichus subsp. evanescens compared to F. serratus and F. vesiculosus. These findings provide valuable clues on the differential surface fouling intensity of Fucus spp., and their importance in marine chemical defense and fouling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Oppong-Danquah
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Blümel
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; (E.O.-D.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Raldugina GN, Bogoutdinova LR, Shelepova OV, Kondrateva VV, Platonova EV, Nechaeva TL, Kazantseva VV, Lapshin PV, Rostovtseva HI, Aniskina TS, Kharchenko PN, Zagoskina NV, Gulevich AA, Baranova EN. Heterologous codA Gene Expression Leads to Mitigation of Salt Stress Effects and Modulates Developmental Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13998. [PMID: 37762301 PMCID: PMC10531037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the choline oxidase gene from A. globiformis showed an increase in resistance at the level of primary and secondary biosynthesis of metabolites, removing the damage characteristic of salinity and stabilizing the condition of plants. We used 200 mM NaCl, which inhibits the growth of tobacco plants at all stages of development. Leaves of transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants Nicotiána tabácum were used for biochemical, cytological and molecular biological analysis. However, for transgenic lines cultivated under normal conditions (without salinity), we noted juvenile characteristics, delay in flowering, and slowing down of development, including the photosynthetic apparatus. This caused changes in the amount of chlorophyll, a delay in the plastid grana development with the preservation of prolamellar bodies. It also caused changes in the amount of sugars and indirectly downstream processes. A significant change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a change in metabolism is probably compensated by the regulation of a number of genes, the expression level of which was also changed. Thus, the tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants to salinity, which manifested itself as a result of the constitutive expression of codA, demonstrates an advantage over WT plants, but in the absence of salinity, transgenic plants did not have such advantages due to juvenilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina N. Raldugina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Lilia R. Bogoutdinova
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Olga V. Shelepova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Vera V. Kondrateva
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
| | | | - Tatiana L. Nechaeva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Varvara V. Kazantseva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Pyotr V. Lapshin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Helen I. Rostovtseva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Tatiana S. Aniskina
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Pyotr N. Kharchenko
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Natalia V. Zagoskina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (T.L.N.); (V.V.K.); (P.V.L.); (H.I.R.); (N.V.Z.)
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- All Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550 Moscow, Russia (P.N.K.); (A.A.G.)
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia (V.V.K.); (T.S.A.)
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Mustafa A, Zulfiqar U, Mumtaz MZ, Radziemska M, Haider FU, Holatko J, Hammershmiedt T, Naveed M, Ali H, Kintl A, Saeed Q, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M. Nickel (Ni) phytotoxicity and detoxification mechanisms: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138574. [PMID: 37019403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Scientists studying the environment, physiology, and biology have been particularly interested in nickel (Ni) because of its dual effects (essentiality and toxicity) on terrestrial biota. It has been reported in some studies that without an adequate supply of Ni, plants are unable to finish their life cycle. The safest Ni limit for plants is 1.5 μg g-1, while the limit for soil is between 75 and 150 μg g-1. Ni at lethal levels harms plants by interfering with a variety of physiological functions, including enzyme activity, root development, photosynthesis, and mineral uptake. This review focuses on the occurrence and phytotoxicity of Ni with respect to growth, physiological and biochemical aspects. It also delves into advanced Ni detoxification mechanisms such as cellular modifications, organic acids, and chelation of Ni by plant roots, and emphasizes the role of genes involved in Ni detoxification. The discussion has been carried out on the current state of using soil amendments and plant-microbe interactions to successfully remediate Ni from contaminated sites. This review has identified potential drawbacks and difficulties of various strategies for Ni remediation, discussed the importance of these findings for environmental authorities and decision-makers, and concluded by noting the sustainability concerns and future research needs regarding Ni remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, CZ12800, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Main Campus, Defense Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska,02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Vyzkumniku 267, 788 13, Rapotin, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hammershmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Agricultural Research, Ltd., 664 4, Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Pineda M, Barón M. Assessment of Black Rot in Oilseed Rape Grown under Climate Change Conditions Using Biochemical Methods and Computer Vision. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1322. [PMID: 36987010 PMCID: PMC10058869 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is a challenge for plants and pathogens, involving profound changes in the physiology of both contenders to adapt to the new environmental conditions and to succeed in their interaction. Studies have been conducted on the behavior of oilseed rape plants and two races (1 and 4) of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and their interaction to anticipate our response in the possible future climate. Symptoms caused by both races of Xcc were very similar to each other under any climatic condition assayed, although the bacterial count from infected leaves differed for each race. Climate change caused an earlier onset of Xcc symptoms by at least 3 days, linked to oxidative stress and a change in pigment composition. Xcc infection aggravated the leaf senescence already induced by climate change. To identify Xcc-infected plants early under any climatic condition, four classifying algorithms were trained with parameters obtained from the images of green fluorescence, two vegetation indices and thermography recorded on Xcc-symptomless leaves. Classification accuracies were above 0.85 out of 1.0 in all cases, with k-nearest neighbor analysis and support vector machines performing best under the tested climatic conditions.
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Aazami MA, Maleki M, Rasouli F, Gohari G. Protective effects of chitosan based salicylic acid nanocomposite (CS-SA NCs) in grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Sultana') under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 36650251 PMCID: PMC9845209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that reduce plant growth and performance by changing physiological and biochemical processes. In addition to improving the crop, using nanomaterials in agriculture can reduce the harmful effects of environmental stresses, particularly salinity. A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with two factors including salt stress at three levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and chitosan-salicylic acid nanocomposite at three levels (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). The results showed reductions in chlorophylls (a, b, and total), carotenoids, and nutrient elements (excluding sodium) while proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, total soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate, total antioxidant, and antioxidant enzymes activity increased with treatment chitosan-salicylic acid nanocomposite (CS-SA NCs) under different level NaCl. Salinity stress reduced Fm', Fm, and Fv/Fm by damage to photosynthetic systems, but treatment with CS-SA NCs improved these indices during salinity stress. In stress-free conditions, applying the CS-SA NCs improved the grapes' physiological, biochemical, and nutrient elemental balance traits. CS-SA NCs at 0.5 mM had a better effect on the studied traits of grapes under salinity stress. The CS-SA nanoparticle is a biostimulant that can be effectively used to improve the grape plant yield under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Zhang S, Li Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Ali EF, Li R, Shaheen SM, Zhang Z. Lactic acid bacteria promoted soil quality and enhanced phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by mustard: A trial for bioengineering of toxic metal contaminated mining soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114646. [PMID: 36332671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-assisted phytoremediation provides a green approach for remediation of metal contaminated soils. However, the impacts of mono and co-applications of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on soil biochemical properties and phytoavailability of toxic metals in contaminated mining soils have not yet been sufficiently examined. Consequently, here we studied the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (P), Lactobacillus acidophilus (A), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R) applications alone and in combination on soil enzyme activities and bioavailability and uptake of Cd and Zn by mustard (Brassica juncea) in a smelter-contaminated soil under greenhouse conditions. Among the studied bacteria, P was the most tolerant to Cd-and-Zn contamination. As compared to control, R increased the fresh and dry weight of mustard plants by 53.5% and 63.2%, respectively. Co-application of P + A increased the chlorophyll content by 28.6%, as compared to control. Addition of LAB to soil increased the activity of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and β-D glucosidase increased by 1.86-fold (P + R), 1.80-fold (R) and 55.16% (P + R), respectively. Application of P + A + R enhanced catalase activity (19.3%) and superoxide dismutase activity (51.2%), while addition of A alone increased peroxidase activity (POD: 15.7%). Addition of P alone and together with A (P + A) enhanced Cd and Zn phytoextraction by mustard shoots up to 51.5% and 52.5%, respectively. We conclude that the single and/or co-application of LAB decreased soil pH, promoted plant growth, antioxidant and enzyme activities, and enhanced the phytoavailability of Cd and Zn in the studied contaminated soil. These findings might be an aid for enhancing the phytoremediation of Cd and Zn using LAB and mustard as a bioenergy crop, which may offer new ideas for field treatment of toxic metals contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiman Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Ji H, Wang J, Chen F, Fan N, Wang X, Xiao Z, Wang Z. Meta-analysis of chitosan-mediated effects on plant defense against oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158212. [PMID: 36028025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, as a natural non-toxic biomaterial, has been demonstrated to enhance plant defense against oxidative stress. However, the general pattern and mechanism of how chitosan application modifies the amelioration of oxidative stress in plants have not been elucidated yet. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis of 58 published articles up to January 2022 to fill this knowledge gap, and found that chitosan application significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activity (by 40.6 %), antioxidant metabolites content (by 24.6 %), defense enzyme activity (by 77.9 %), defense-related genes expression (by 103.2 %), phytohormones (by 26.9 %), and osmotic regulators (by 23.2 %) under stress conditions, which in turn notably reduced oxidative stress (by 32.2 %), and increased plant biomass (by 28.1 %) and yield (by 15.7 %). Moreover, chitosan-mediated effects on the amelioration of oxidative stress depended on the properties and application methods of chitosan. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of chitosan-alleviated oxidative stress, which would promote the application of chitosan in plant protection in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Ji
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ningke Fan
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Zhenggao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Zhou Y, Hu L, Chen Y, Liao L, Li R, Wang H, Mo Y, Lin L, Liu K. The combined effect of ascorbic acid and chitosan coating on postharvest quality and cell wall metabolism of papaya fruits. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Attia MS, Hashem AH, Badawy AA, Abdelaziz AM. Biocontrol of early blight disease of eggplant using endophytic Aspergillus terreus: improving plant immunological, physiological and antifungal activities. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 36030517 PMCID: PMC9420682 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eggplant suffers from many biotic stresses that cause severe damage to crop production. One of the most destructive eggplant pathogens is Alternaria solani, which causes early blight disease. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of fungal endophytes in protecting eggplant against early blight as well as in improving its growth performance. RESULTS Endophytic Aspergillus terreus was isolated from Ocimum basilicum leaves and identified morphologically and genetically. In vitro, crude extract of endophytic A. terreus exhibited promising antifungal activity against A. solani where minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.25 mg/ml. Severity of the disease and rate of protection from the disease were recorded. Vegetative growth indices, physiological resistance signs (photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes), and isozymes were estimated. Alternaria solani caused a highly disease severity (87.5%) and a noticeable decreasing in growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments except for carotenoids. Also, infection with A. solani caused significant decreases in the contents of carbohydrate and protein by 29.94% and 10.52%, respectively. Infection with A. solani caused enhancement in phenolics (77.21%), free proline (30.56%), malondialdehyde (30.26%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (125.47%), catalase (CAT) (125.93%), peroxidase (POD) (25.07%) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (125.37%) compared to healthy plants. In contrast, the use of A. terreus on infected plants succeeded in recovering eggplants from the disease, as the disease severity was recorded (caused protection by 66.67%). Application of A. terreus either on healthy or infected eggplants showed several responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes. CONCLUSION It is necessary for us to address the remarkable improvement in the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrates, and enzymatic activity compared to infected control, which opens the way for more studies on the use of biocides as safe alternatives against fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ali A Badawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
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Protective and Curative Activities of Paenibacillus polymyxa against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Infestation in Squash Plants. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081150. [PMID: 36009777 PMCID: PMC9405448 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of microbial products as natural biocontrol agents to increase a plant's systemic resistance to viral infections is a promising way to make agriculture more sustainable and less harmful to the environment. The rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa has been shown to have strong biocontrol action against plant diseases, but its antiviral activity has been little investigated. Here, the efficiency of the culture filtrate of the P. polymyxa strain SZYM (Acc# ON149452) to protect squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants against a Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, Acc# ON159933) infection was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the foliar application of the culture filtrate of SZYM either in protective or curative treatment conditions enhanced squash growth, reduced disease severity, and decreased ZYMV accumulation levels in the treated plants when compared to the non-treated plants. The protective treatment group exhibited the highest inhibitory effect (80%), with significant increases in their total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble protein content, ascorbic acid content, and free radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, a considerable increase in the activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) were also found. In addition, the induction of systemic resistance with a significant elevation in the transcriptional levels of polyphenolic pathway genes (CHS, PAL, and C3H) and pathogenesis-related genes (PR-1 and PR-3) was observed. Out of the 14 detected compounds in the GC-MS analysis, propanoic acid, benzenedicarboxylic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and their derivatives, as well as pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) were the primary ingredient compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of the SZYM-culture filtrate. Such compounds may act as elicitor molecules that induce systemic resistance against viral infection. Consequently, P. polymyxa can be considered a powerful plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) in agricultural applications as well as a source of bioactive compounds for sustainable disease management. As far as we know, this is the first time that P. polymyxa has been shown to fight viruses in plants.
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Singh Y, Kumar A, Saxena A, Bhatt P, Singh SP, Kumar A, Mrigesh M, Saxena MK. Assessment of free radicals and reactive oxygen species milieu in nanoparticles adjuvanted outer membrane proteins vaccine against Salmonella typhi. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:479. [PMID: 35831726 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based (STCNV) and montanide oil adjuvant vaccine (STOAV) containing outer membrane proteins (Omps) of S. Typhi were evaluated for inducing oxidative stress indicators [reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total protein] in the tissues of mice after vaccination. The GSH levels though slightly high in the liver, kidney, and lungs of STCNV group were not significantly different from STOAV and the control group (STC). There was no significant difference in LPO levels in any group for any tissue. The significantly lower activities of catalase were observed in the kidney and lungs of the STCNV group as compared to STOAV and STC group, while in the liver, STCNV group revealed lower catalase activity in comparison to the control group. No significant difference in the SOD activities between the two vaccinated groups was observed. The total protein contents in all the organs showed no significant difference in the vaccinated and the control group. The vaccines may induce long-term inflammatory response and consequently damage vital organs; this study revealed no long-term oxidative stress in all the three vital organs, suggesting that these vaccines may not cause oxidative damages in the vital organs of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India
| | - Anjani Saxena
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - S P Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Avadhesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Meena Mrigesh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Mumtesh Kumar Saxena
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India.
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Application of Glycine betaine coated chitosan nanoparticles alleviate chilling injury and maintain quality of plum (Prunus domestica L.) fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:965-977. [PMID: 35364195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of edible coatings can lead to significant extension of the postharvest life of fresh horticultural products through the regulation of water and gaseous exchange during storage. In this regard, nano-engineered materials are of great interest to design novel and multifunctional edible coatings and are increasingly employed. Chitosan and glycine betaine have been reported to enhance fruit tolerance to chilling stress during cold storage. The current study applied new coating treatments to plum (Prunus domestica L. cv. 'Stanley') fruit at maturity stage in a completely randomized factorial design with three replicates. Plums were treated with distilled water (control), glycine betaine (GB) at 2.5 and 5 mM, chitosan (CTS) at 1% (w/v) or glycine betaine-coated chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-GB NPs) at 0.5 and 1% (w/v) and stored at 1 °C for up to 40 days. The application of CTS-GB NPs (0.5% w/v) was the most effective treatment and induced lower electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2 content, and significantly alleviated chilling injury. Furthermore, this treatment remarkably increased the activity of PAL enzyme, resulting in higher levels of phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins content, and enhanced DPPH scavenging capacity. In addition, CTS-GB NPs treatment increased endogenous GB (9.25 mg g-1 DW) and proline (1929.29 μg g-1 FW) accumulation leading to higher activity of CAT, POD, SOD and APX enzymes. Based on the obtained results, the commercial application of CTS-GB NPs could effectively reduce chilling injury, preserve nutritional quality, and prolong the storage potential and shelf life of plum fruit.
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Ilyas N, Akhtar N, Yasmin H, Sahreen S, Hasnain Z, Kaushik P, Ahmad A, Ahmad P. Efficacy of citric acid chelate and Bacillus sp. in amelioration of cadmium and chromium toxicity in wheat. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133342. [PMID: 34922965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals contamination in agricultural soil is a major issue having drastic effects on plants and human health. To solve this issue, we have formulated and tested a new approach of fusion of inorganic (citric acid chelate) and organic (Bacillus sp.) amelioration methods for heavy metals. The Bacillus sp. was heavy metal tolerant and showed plant growth-promoting characteristics including phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide production, indole acetic acid production, and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase production. The analysis of data showed that plants receiving the combined application of citric acid (CA) chelate and Bacillus sp. mitigated heavy metal toxicity. They augmented the biomass production and amount of photosynthetic pigments in plant cells. They suppressed the negative effects of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) on plants' metabolic systems. A considerable increase was also observed in the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which reduced the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species and maintained internal structures of cells. The decrease in the content of Cr and Cd in wheat grains by the treatment of CA chelate and Bacillus sp. was 51%, and 27% respectively. The bioaccumulation of metals was also reduced to 49% (Cr) and 57% (Cd). This approach can be tested and applied in field conditions for soils with heavy metals contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Bio-Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Principle Scientific Officer, Pakistan Museum of Natural History/ Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Current Studies of the Effects of Drought Stress on Root Exudates and Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Crop Plant Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042374. [PMID: 35216487 PMCID: PMC8874553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the warming global climate, drought stress is considered to be the most important abiotic factor limiting plant growth and yield in the world. Drought stress has serious impacts on crop production. Many researchers have studied the influences of drought stress on crop production and plant physiology; however, few researchers have combined root exudates with root-associated microbiomes for their mutual effects under drought conditions. In this review, we systematically illustrate the impact of drought stress on root exudates and root-associated microbiomes, and then we discuss the mutual regulation of root-associated microbiomes and the host plant in helping the plant adapt to drought. Finally, we construct a framework for the mutual connections between the plant, root exudates, and the microbiome. We hope this review can provide some significant guidelines to promote the study of drought resistance in plants in association with the rhizosphere microbiota.
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Jiang H, Li L, Chen W, Chen B, Li H, Wang S, Wang M, Luo Y. Application of Metabolomics to Identify Potential Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:775135. [PMID: 34912241 PMCID: PMC8667077 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.775135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of deaths globally. Identification of serum metabolic biomarkers for its early diagnosis is thus much desirable. Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 86) and patients with CHD (n = 166) and subjected to untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses. Subsequently, potential biomarkers were detected and screened, and a clinical model was developed for diagnosing CHD. Four dysregulated metabolites, namely PC(17:0/0:0), oxyneurine, acetylcarnitine, and isoundecylic acid, were identified. Isoundecylic acid was not found in Human Metabolome Database, so we could not validate differences in its relative abundance levels. Further, the clinical model combining serum oxyneurine, triglyceride, and weight was found to be more robust than that based on PC(17:0/0:0), oxyneurine, and acetylcarnitine (AUC = 0.731 vs. 0.579, sensitivity = 83.0 vs. 75.5%, and specificity = 64.0 vs. 46.5%). Our findings indicated that serum metabolomics is an effective method to identify differential metabolites and that serum oxyneurine, triglyceride, and weight appear to be promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascularology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascularology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Benfa Chen
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Shanhua Wang
- Department of Cardiovascularology, Dongguan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiovascularology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Cardiovascularology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascularology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Gilani SAQ, Basit A, Sajid M, Shah ST, Ullah I, Mohamed HI. Gibberellic Acid and Boron Enhance Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content, and Yield Quality in Pyrus Communis L. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2021; 73:395-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-021-00555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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22
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El-Mahdy OM, Mohamed HI, Mogazy AM. Biosorption effect of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysosporium for Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil and their physiological effects on Vicia faba L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67608-67631. [PMID: 34258698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an important solution to soil pollution management. The goal of this study is to determine the biosorption ability of the two selected fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysosporium) under heavy metal stress on faba bean plants. The fungal strains produced phytohormones, siderophore, ACC deaminase, and secondary metabolites. The biosorption capacity of A. niger and P. chrysosporium was 0.09 and 0.06 mg g-1 and 0.5 and 0.4 mg g-1 in media containing Cd and Pb, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the fungal cell wall show primary functional groups like hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, phosphoryl, sulfhydryl, and nitro. Therefore, A. niger and P. chrysosporium were inoculated to soils, and then the faba bean seeds were sown. After 21 days of sowing, the plants were irrigated with water to severe as control, with 100 mg L-1 of Cd and 200 mg L-1 of Pb. The results show that Cd and Pb caused a significant reduction in morphological characteristics, auxin, gibberellins, photosynthetic pigments, minerals content, and antioxidant enzymes as compared to control plants but caused a substantial boost in abscisic acid, ethylene, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, proline, superoxide dismutase, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant capacity. In inoculated plants, metal-induced oxidative stress was modulated by inhibiting the transport of metal and decreased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. Finally, the inoculation of endophytic fungi contributed actively to the absorption of heavy metals and decreased their content in soil and plants. This could be utilized as an excellent technique in the fields of heavy metal-contaminated sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omima M El-Mahdy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, 11341, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Mogazy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
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Hussain T, Khan AA, Mohamed HI. Potential Efficacy of Biofilm-Forming Biosurfactant Bacillus firmus HussainT-Lab.66 Against Rhizoctonia solani and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of its Metabolites. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Basit A, Shah ST, Ullah I, Muntha ST, Mohamed HI. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation of environmental pollutants and energy recycling in sustainable agriculture. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5859-5885. [PMID: 34545411 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The perception of phytoremediation is efficiently utilized as an eco-friendly practice of green plants combating and cleaning up the stressed environment without harming it. The industrial revolution was followed by the green revolution which fulfilled the food demands of the growing population caused an increase in yield per unit area in crop production, but it also increased the use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture. Globally, the intensive use of inorganic fertilizers in agriculture has led to serious health problems and irreversible environmental damage. Biofertilizers improve the growth of the plant and can be applied as an alternative to chemical/synthetic fertilizers. Cyanobacteria, bacteria, and fungi are known as some of the principal microbe groups used to produce biofertilizers that form symbiotic associations with plants. Microorganisms perform a key role in phosphate solubilization and mobilization, nitrogen fixation, nutrient management, biotic elicitors and probiotics, and pollution management (biodegradation agents), specifically bacteria which also help in atmospheric nitrogen fixation and are thus available for the growth of the plant. Management or biodegradation of hazardous chemical residues and heavy metals produced by a huge number of large-scale industries should be given primary importance to be transformed by various bacterial strains, fungi, algae. Currently, modern omics technologies such as metagenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic are being used to develop strategies for studying the ecology of microorganisms, as well as their use in environmental monitoring and bioremediation. This review briefly discusses some of the major groups of microorganisms that can perform different functions responsible for plant health, crop production, phytoremediation and also focus on the omics techniques reportedly used in environmental monitoring to tackle the pollution load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tanveer Shah
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Tul Muntha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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25
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Eco-friendly polyurethane acrylate (PUA)/natural filler-based composite as an antifouling product for marine coating. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7023-7034. [PMID: 34477938 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the polyurethane acrylate (PUA) polymer was synthesized by the addition reaction between an isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and cured by polyol. Different properties of the synthesized PUA were determined through diverse analysis methods. The polyurethane acrylate (PUA)/natural filler-based composite (rhizome water extract of Costus speciosus) was prepared as an antifouling agent. The results revealed that the lowest weight loss percentages were detected at 2 wt% PUA/natural filler composite loadings with Escherichia coli (ATCC 23,282) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10,145). The decreased weight loss percentage may be attributed to the well dispersed natural composite resulting in a slippery surface that can prevent fouling adhesion. It was concluded that the PUA/natural filler composite might be considered an eco-friendly and economical solution to the biofouling problem. KEY POINTS: • A novel strategy for anti-biofouling. • A new composite reduced Gram-negative bacteria.
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26
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Amer A, Ghoneim M, Shoala T, Mohamed HI. Comparative studies of eco-friendly compounds like humic acid, salicylic, and glycyrrhizic acids and their nanocomposites on French basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Grand verde). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47196-47212. [PMID: 33886052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the green tactics for enhancing plant growth and production using naturally occurring materials are highly needed, it is important to use the nanoformulation of these materials as an attractive novel technique. Therefore, this research has been performed to evaluate the plants' morphological traits, the qualitative parameters, and molecular genetic characteristics using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of French basil independence on growth biostimulators and their nanocomposite. The treatments included normal formulations and nanocomposite formulation of humic acid (5 mM HA), salicylic acid (1.4 mM SA), and glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (0.4 mM GA) and control treatment (water application). The results show that foliar spray with HA, SA, GA, and their nanocomposites significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) on all vegetative growth characters, photosynthetic pigments, oil yield/plant, mineral content, and antibacterial activity as compared with control plants. Also, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values of different samples used varied from 70.63 to 74.93%, with a significant increase compared to untreated plants. The most marked increases have been observed in treated plants with biostimulants in the nanocomposites form than in the natural form. On the other hand, GA and its nanocomposite showed variable effects on basil plants and gave the lowest increase values in all parameters than the other biostimulant but have high antimicrobial activity. For the molecular study, ten selected primers displayed a total of 288 amplified fragments scored per primer ranging from 7 to 46 fragments; 157 bands were polymorphic with 69% polymorphism. It could be concluded that humic acid and its nanocomposite are the most effective biostimulants that increased plant productivity and oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Amer
- Medicinal and Aromatic plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ghoneim
- Cell Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tahsin Shoala
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science & Technology , Giza, October 6 City, Giza, Egypt, Egypt
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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27
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Labidi O, Vives‐Peris V, Gómez‐Cadenas A, Pérez‐Clemente RM, Sleimi N. Assessing of growth, antioxidant enzymes, and phytohormone regulation in Cucurbita pepo under cadmium stress. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2021-2031. [PMID: 33841820 PMCID: PMC8020919 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major problems worldwide is soil pollution by trace metal elements, which limits plant productivity and threatens human health. In this work, we have studied the effect of different concentrations of cadmium on Cucurbita pepo plants, evaluating different physiological and biochemical parameters: hormone signaling, metabolite concentration (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and, in addition, the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were evaluated. The production of biomass decreased under the Cd-stress. The results showed that C. pepo accumulates higher amounts of Cd2+ in roots than in shoots and fruits. Cd2+ differently affected the content of endogenous phytohormones. Furthermore, data suggest an essential involvement of roots in the regulation of tolerance to trace elements. As a result, indole acetic acid content increased in roots of treated plants, indicating that this phytohormone can stimulate root promotion and growth under Cd-stress. Similarly, salicylic acid content in roots and shoots increased in response to Cd2+, as well as abscisic acid levels in roots and fruits. In roots, the rambling accumulation pattern observed for jasmonic acid and salicylic acid suggests the lack of a specific regulation role against trace element toxicity. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased, disrupted by the metal stress. However, the proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content significantly increased in Cd2+in all the analyzed tissues of the stressed plants. All these data suggest that C. pepo plants are equipped with an effective antioxidant mechanism against oxidative stress induced by cadmium up to a concentration of 500 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumayma Labidi
- RME‐Laboratory of Resources, Materials and EcosystemsFaculty of Sciences of BizerteUniversity of CarthageBizerteTunisia
| | - Vicente Vives‐Peris
- Departmento de Ciencias Agrarias i del Medi NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastello ´de la PlanaSpain
| | - Aurelio Gómez‐Cadenas
- Departmento de Ciencias Agrarias i del Medi NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastello ´de la PlanaSpain
| | - Rosa M. Pérez‐Clemente
- Departmento de Ciencias Agrarias i del Medi NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastello ´de la PlanaSpain
| | - Noomene Sleimi
- RME‐Laboratory of Resources, Materials and EcosystemsFaculty of Sciences of BizerteUniversity of CarthageBizerteTunisia
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Rajput VD, Harish, Singh RK, Verma KK, Sharma L, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Meena M, Gour VS, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:267. [PMID: 33810535 PMCID: PMC8066271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lav Sharma
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fitomejoramiento Molecular, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes no. 250, Col. San Joachín, C.P., 81101 Guasave, Mexico;
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, NH 11C, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
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Akhtar N, Ilyas N, Yasmin H, Sayyed RZ, Hasnain Z, A. Elsayed E, El Enshasy HA. Role of Bacillus cereus in Improving the Growth and Phytoextractability of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch in Chromium Contaminated Soil. Molecules 2021; 26:1569. [PMID: 33809305 PMCID: PMC7998664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mediate heavy metal tolerance and improve phytoextraction potential in plants. The present research was conducted to find the potential of bacterial strains in improving the growth and phytoextraction abilities of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch. in chromium contaminated soil. In this study, a total of 15 bacterial strains were isolated from heavy metal polluted soil and were screened for their heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promotion potential. The most efficient strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and was identified as Bacillus cereus. The isolate also showed the potential to solubilize phosphate and synthesize siderophore, phytohormones (indole acetic acid, cytokinin, and abscisic acid), and osmolyte (proline and sugar) in chromium (Cr+3) supplemented medium. The results of the present study showed that chromium stress has negative effects on seed germination and plant growth in B. nigra while inoculation of B. cereus improved plant growth and reduced chromium toxicity. The increase in seed germination percentage, shoot length, and root length was 28.07%, 35.86%, 19.11% while the fresh and dry biomass of the plant increased by 48.00% and 62.16%, respectively, as compared to the uninoculated/control plants. The photosynthetic pigments were also improved by bacterial inoculation as compared to untreated stress-exposed plants, i.e., increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoid was d 25.94%, 10.65%, 20.35%, and 44.30%, respectively. Bacterial inoculation also resulted in osmotic adjustment (proline 8.76% and sugar 28.71%) and maintained the membrane stability (51.39%) which was also indicated by reduced malondialdehyde content (59.53% decrease). The antioxidant enzyme activities were also improved to 35.90% (superoxide dismutase), 59.61% (peroxide), and 33.33% (catalase) in inoculated stress-exposed plants as compared to the control plants. B. cereus inoculation also improved the uptake, bioaccumulation, and translocation of Cr in the plant. Data showed that B. cereus also increased Cr content in the root (2.71-fold) and shoot (4.01-fold), its bioaccumulation (2.71-fold in root and 4.03-fold in the shoot) and translocation (40%) was also high in B. nigra. The data revealed that B. cereus is a multifarious PGPR that efficiently tolerates heavy metal ions (Cr+3) and it can be used to enhance the growth and phytoextraction potential of B. nigra in heavy metal contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 46300, Pakistan;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, Maharashtra 425409, India;
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan;
| | - Elsayed A. Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Natural & Microbial Products Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 1165, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Sofy AR, Sofy MR, Hmed AA, Dawoud RA, Alnaggar AEAM, Soliman AM, El-Dougdoug NK. Ameliorating the Adverse Effects of Tomato mosaic tobamovirus Infecting Tomato Plants in Egypt by Boosting Immunity in Tomato Plants Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:1337. [PMID: 33801530 PMCID: PMC7958966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is one of the economically damageable Tobamovirus infecting the tomato in Egypt that has caused significant losses. It is therefore of great interest to trigger systemic resistance to ToMV. In this endeavor, we aimed to explore the capacity of ZnO-NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) to trigger tomato plant resistance against ToMV. Effects of ZnO-NPs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth indices and antioxidant defense system activity under ToMV stress were investigated. Noticeably that treatment with ZnO-NPs showed remarkably increased growth indices, photosynthetic attributes, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants compared to the challenge control. Interestingly, oxidative damage caused by ToMV was reduced by reducing malondialdehyde, H2O2, and O2 levels. Overall, ZnO-NPs offer a safe and economic antiviral agent against ToMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Hmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Rehab A. Dawoud
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (R.A.D.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Aleem M. Alnaggar
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (R.A.D.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural & Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha K. El-Dougdoug
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
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Sofy AR, Sofy MR, Hmed AA, Dawoud RA, Refaey EE, Mohamed HI, El-Dougdoug NK. Molecular Characterization of the Alfalfa mosaic virus Infecting Solanum melongena in Egypt and the Control of Its Deleterious Effects with Melatonin and Salicylic Acid. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030459. [PMID: 33670990 PMCID: PMC7997183 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the spring of 2019, distinct virus-like symptoms were observed in the Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in Egypt in naturally infected eggplants. Leaves of affected plants showed interveinal leaf chlorosis, net yellow, chlorotic sectors, mottling, blisters, vein enation, necrotic intervention, and narrowing symptoms. The Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was suspected of to be involved in this disease. Forty plant samples from symptomatic eggplants and 10 leaf samples with no symptoms were collected. The samples were tested by double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) using AMV-IgG. Six of the 40 symptomatic leaf samples tested positive for AMV, while, DAS-ELISA found no AMV in the 10 leaf samples without symptoms. The AMV Egyptian isolate (AMV-Eggplant-EG) was biologically isolated from the six positive samples tested by DAS-ELISA and from the similar local lesions induced on Chenopodium amaranticolor and then re-inoculated in healthy Solanum melongena as a source of AMV-Eggplant-EG and confirmed by DAS-ELISA. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with a pair of primers specific for coat protein (CP) encoding RNA 3 of AMV yielded an amplicon of 666 bp from infected plants of Solanum melongena with AMV-Eggplant-EG. The amplified PCR product was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the AMV-Eggplant-EG sequence revealed 666 nucleotides (nt) of the complete CP gene (translating 221 amino acid (aa) residues). Analysis of phylogeny for nt and deduced aa sequences of the CP gene using the maximum parsimony method clustered AMV-Eggplant-EG in the lineage of Egyptian isolates (shark-EG, mans-EG, CP2-EG, and FRE-EG) with a high bootstrap value of 88% and 92%, respectively. In addition to molecular studies, melatonin (MTL) and salicylic acid (SA) (100 μM) were used to increase the resistance of eggplant to AMV- infection. Foliar spray with MLT and SA caused a significant increase in the morphological criteria (shoot, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, and leaf biomass), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, antioxidant enzymes, and gene expression of some enzymes compared to the infected plants. On the other hand, treatment with MLT and SA reduced the oxidative damage caused by AMV through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and malondialdehyde. In conclusion, MLT and SA are eco-friendly compounds and can be used as antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (E.E.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mahmoud R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (E.E.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (E.E.R.)
| | - Rehab A. Dawoud
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab E. Refaey
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.H.); (E.E.R.)
| | - Heba I. Mohamed
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Noha K. El-Dougdoug
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
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Sharma N, Modak C, Singh PK, Kumar R, Khatri D, Singh SB. Underscoring the immense potential of chitosan in fighting a wide spectrum of viruses: A plausible molecule against SARS-CoV-2? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:33-44. [PMID: 33607132 PMCID: PMC7885638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a deacetylated polycationic polysaccharide derived from chitin. It is structurally constituted of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine where acetyl groups are randomly distributed across the polymer. The parameters of deacetylation and depolymerization process greatly influence various physico-chemical properties of chitosan and thus, offer a great degree of manipulation to synthesize chitosan of interest for various industrial and biomedical applications. Chitosan and its various derivatives have been a potential molecule of investigation in the area of anti-microbials especially anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and antiviral. The current review predominantly highlights and discusses about the antiviral activities of chitosan and its various substituted derivatives against a wide spectrum of human, animal, plants and bacteriophage viruses. The extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect antiviral efficacy of chitosan have also been talked about. With the rapid unfolding of COVID-19 pandemic across the globe, we look for chitosan as a plausible potent antiviral molecule for fighting this disease. Through this review, we present enough literature data supporting role of chitosan against different strains of SARS viruses and also chitosan targeting CD147 receptors, a novel route for invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. We speculate the possibility of using chitosan as potential molecule against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandrima Modak
- Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), PILANI, Pilani campus, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmender Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Mohamed HI, Abd-Elsalam KA, Tmam AM, Sofy MR. Silver-based nanomaterials for plant diseases management: Today and future perspectives. SILVER NANOMATERIALS FOR AGRI-FOOD APPLICATIONS 2021:495-526. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823528-7.00031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Ali MY, Sina AAI, Khandker SS, Neesa L, Tanvir EM, Kabir A, Khalil MI, Gan SH. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Tomatoes and Their Impact on Human Health and Disease: A Review. Foods 2020; 10:E45. [PMID: 33375293 PMCID: PMC7823427 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are consumed worldwide as fresh vegetables because of their high contents of essential nutrients and antioxidant-rich phytochemicals. Tomatoes contain minerals, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids (leucine, threonine, valine, histidine, lysine, arginine), monounsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids), carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotenoids) and phytosterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol). Lycopene is the main dietary carotenoid in tomato and tomato-based food products and lycopene consumption by humans has been reported to protect against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive function and osteoporosis. Among the phenolic compounds present in tomato, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, caffeic acid and lutein are the most common. Many of these compounds have antioxidant activities and are effective in protecting the human body against various oxidative stress-related diseases. Dietary tomatoes increase the body's level of antioxidants, trapping reactive oxygen species and reducing oxidative damage to important biomolecules such as membrane lipids, enzymatic proteins and DNA, thereby ameliorating oxidative stress. We reviewed the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of tomatoes. In addition, the impacts of the constituents on human health, particularly in ameliorating some degenerative diseases, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (M.Y.A.); (S.S.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Shahad Saif Khandker
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (M.Y.A.); (S.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Lutfun Neesa
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - E. M. Tanvir
- Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh;
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Alamgir Kabir
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (M.Y.A.); (S.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Md Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (M.Y.A.); (S.S.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Ali MY, Akter Z, Mei Z, Zheng M, Tania M, Khan MA. Thymoquinone in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111157. [PMID: 33370631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AUDs) are a multifactorial disease, among which rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis are more prevalent. Several anti-inflammatory, biologics, and AUD-modifying drugs are found effective against them, but their repeated use are associated with various adverse effects. In this review article, we have focused on the regulation of inflammatory molecules, molecular signaling pathways, immune cells, and epigenetics by natural product thymoquinone on AUDs. Studies indicate that thymoquinone can regulate inflammatory molecules including interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress, regulatory T cells, and various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ), janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at the molecular level and epigenetic alteration. As these molecules and signaling pathways with defective immune function play an important role in AUD development, controlling these molecules and deregulated molecular mechanism is a significant feature of AUD therapeutics. Interestingly thymoquinone is reported to possess all these potential. This article reviewed the deregulated mechanism of AUDs, and the action of thymoquinone on inflammatory molecules, immune cells, signaling pathways, and epigenetic machinery. Thymoquinone can be regarded as a potential drug candidate for AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhiqiang Mei
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Research Division, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Division of Molecular Cancer Biology, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Ekiert HM, Szopa A. Biological Activities of Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235769. [PMID: 33297511 PMCID: PMC7730830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Sofy MR, Elhindi KM, Farouk S, Alotaibi MA. Zinc and Paclobutrazol Mediated Regulation of Growth, Upregulating Antioxidant Aptitude and Plant Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091197. [PMID: 32937748 PMCID: PMC7569904 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is the main obstacle to worldwide sustainable productivity and food security. Zinc sulfate (Zn) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) as a cost-effective agent, has multiple biochemical functions in plant productivity. Meanwhile, their synergistic effects on inducing salt tolerance are indecisive and not often reported. A pot experiment was done for evaluating the defensive function of Zn (100 mg/L) or PBZ (200 mg/L) on salt (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl) affected pea plant growth, photosynthetic pigment, ions, antioxidant capacity, and yield. Salinity stress significantly reduces all growth and yield attributes of pea plants relative to nonsalinized treatment. This reduction was accompanied by a decline in chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (K+), the ratio between K+ and sodium (Na+), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR). Alternatively, salinity increased Na+, carotenoid (CAR), proline (PRO), ascorbic acid (AsA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) over nonsalinized treatment. Foliar spraying with Zn and PBZ under normal condition increased plant growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, K+/Na+ ratio, CAR, PRO, AsA, GSH, APX, GR, and yield and its quality, meanwhile decreased Na+ over nonsprayed plants. Application of Zn and PBZ counteracted the harmful effects of salinity on pea plants, by upregulating the antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, and improving chlorophyll biosynthesis that induced plant growth and yield components. In conclusion, Zn plus PBZ application at 30 and 45 days from sowing offset the injuries of salinity on pea plant growth and yield by upregulating the antioxidant capacity and increasing photosynthetic pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-100-2632232
| | - Khalid M. Elhindi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.E.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Vegetable and Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saad Farouk
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Majed A. Alotaibi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.E.); (M.A.A.)
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Sofy AR, Hmed AA, Alnaggar AEAM, Dawoud RA, Elshaarawy RFM, Sofy MR. Mitigating effects of Bean yellow mosaic virus infection in faba bean using new carboxymethyl chitosan-titania nanobiocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1261-1275. [PMID: 32659403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is the main cause of the mosaic and malformation of many plants, worldwide. Thus, the triggering of plant systemic resistance against BYMV is of great interest. In this endeavor, we aimed to explore the capacity of new carboxymethyl chitosan-titania nanobiocomposites (NBCs, NBC1,2) to trigger faba bean plants resistance against BYMV. Effects of NBCs on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) disease severity (DS), growth parameters, and antioxidant defense system activity were investigated under BYMV stress. Noticeably that the DS in NBCs-treated faba bean was significantly reduced compared to untreated plants. Moreover, treatment with NBCs was remarkably increased growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability index, and relative water content compared to challenge control. Additionally, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and total soluble protein were significantly increased. Contrary, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation were reduced. Interestingly that NBC1 has higher efficacy than NBC2 in triggering plant immune-system against BYMV as indicated from DS percentage (DS = 10.66% and 19.33% in case of plants treated with NBC1 and NBC2, respectively). This could be attributed to the higher content of TNPs in NBC1 (21.58%) as compared to NBC2 (14.32%). Overall, NBCs offer safe and economic antiviral agents against BYMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Aleem M Alnaggar
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Dawoud
- Department of Virus Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12619, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda F M Elshaarawy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud R Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Silicon Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Flax Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant Defense and Secondary Metabolites and Decreasing Oxidative Damage. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nutrient management has gained much attention as a way to mitigate heavy metal stress. Silicon (Si) promotes plant defense responses against toxic metal stresses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of silicon (Si) on copper (Cu) toxicity in two flax genotypes (Sakha 1 and Sakha 2) as it relates to plant growth, yield attributes, total chlorophyll, nucleic acid content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, copper and silicon content, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that Cu (100 and 200 µM) inhibited plant growth and increased Cu accumulation in soil, roots, and shoots. Cu significantly decreased the yield attributes, total chlorophyll by 9.5% and 22% in Sakha 1 and by 22.5% and 29% in Sakha 2, and enhanced the accumulation of non-enzymatic (tocopherol), enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismnutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoids). The DNA content significantly decreased in stressed plants with 100 and 200 µM Cu about 22% and 44%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and about 21.6% and 34.7% in Sakha 2, and RNA content also decreased by about 20% and 29%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and by about 2% and 13% in Sakha 2 compared to the control plant. Furthermore, Cu stress accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and induced cellular oxidative injury caused by lipid peroxidation. In parallel, Cu induced a change in the composition of fatty acids, resulting in lower unsaturated fatty acid levels and increased saturated fatty acids (increased saturation/unsaturation ratio for both genotypes). Treating the flax plants with irrigation three times with Si protected the plants from Cu toxicity. Si treatment decreased the uptake and the transport of Cu to the shoots and harvested seeds and promoted plant growth, yield attributes, and antioxidant defense systems by reducing Cu accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of H2O2. In addition, the alleviation of Cu toxicity correlated with increased Si accumulation in the roots and shoots. In conclusion, Si can be used to improve the resistance of flax plants to Cu toxicity by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) and decreasing the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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