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Geng J, Ren N, Yang C, Wang F, Huang D, Rodriguez S, Yuan Z, Xia H. Favipiravir Treatment Prolongs Survival in a Lethal BALB/c Mouse Model of Ebinur Lake Virus Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:631. [PMID: 38675972 PMCID: PMC11054260 DOI: 10.3390/v16040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthobunyavirus is the largest and most diverse genus in the family Peribunyaviridae. Orthobunyaviruses are widely distributed globally and pose threats to human and animal health. Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV) is a newly classified Orthobunyavirus detected in China, Russia, and Kenya. This study explored the antiviral effects of two broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, favipiravir and ribavirin, in a BALB/c mouse model. Favipiravir significantly improved the clinical symptoms of infected mice, reduced viral titer and RNA copies in serum, and extended overall survival. The median survival times of mice in the vehicle- and favipiravir-treated groups were 5 and 7 days, respectively. Favipiravir significantly reduced virus titers 10- to 100-fold in sera at all three time points compared to vehicle-treated mice. And favipiravir treatment effectively reduced the virus copies by approximately 10-fold across the three time points, relative to vehicle-treated mice. The findings expand the antiviral spectrum of favipiravir for orthobunyaviruses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Geng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Nanjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Sergio Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77551, USA
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430200, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430207, China
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Sharma P, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Alotaibi F, Bhardwaj R, Singh IK. A simulation-based approach to target Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with marine compounds for antiviral development. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38415996 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant efforts, currently, there is no particular drug available to treat Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. To identify putative inhibitors of the ZIKV RdRp protein's RNA binding function, the present study applied an extensive in-silico drug discovery methodology. The initial phase involved virtual screening using Lipinski's rule of five as a filter, ensuring the selection of molecules with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This process yielded 238 compounds with promising docking scores, ranging from -6.0 to -7.48 kcal/mol, indicative of their potential binding affinity to the ZIKV RdRp. To refine the selection, these compounds underwent a re-docking process, comparing their binding energies with a reference molecule known for its inhibitory action against RdRp. Remarkably, five compounds, labeled CMNPD30598, CMNPD27464, CMNPD25971, CMNPD27444, and CMNPD16599, demonstrated superior re-docking energies compared to the reference, suggesting a stronger interaction with the RdRp allosteric site. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided insights into the stability of these complexes over time, reinforcing their potential as RdRp inhibitors. Additionally, the calculation of free binding energies and principal component analysis (PCA) of the free energy landscape offered a deeper understanding of the binding dynamics and energetics. This study not only highlights the utility of marine fungi compounds in antiviral drug discovery but also showcases the power of computational tools in identifying novel therapeutics. The identified compounds represent promising candidates for further experimental validation and development as ZIKV RdRp inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Poona College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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de Lima RC, Valente LMM, Familiar Macedo D, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM, dos Santos FB, Mazzei JL, Siani AC, Nunes PCG, de Azeredo EL. Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2024; 16:369. [PMID: 38543735 PMCID: PMC10974475 DOI: 10.3390/v16030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa (UT) is a medicinal plant popularly known as cat's claw belonging to the Rubiaceae family that has been reported to display antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks constitute a Brazilian public health concern. CHIKV infection develops an abrupt onset of fever, usually accompanied by a skin rash, besides incapacitating polyarthralgia. There is no vaccine available or treatment for CHIKV infection. The present study evaluates the hydroalcoholic extract of UT bark as a potential antiviral against CHIKV. The in vitro antiviral activity of the UT extract against the Brazilian CHIKV strain was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and plaque assay. Results obtained demonstrated that UT inhibits CHIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner. At the non-cytotoxic concentration of 100 µg/mL, UT exhibited antiviral activity above 90% as determined by plaque reduction assay, and it reduced the viral cytopathic effect. Similarly, a significant virucidal effect of 100 µg/mL UT was observed after 24 and 48 h post-infection. This is the first report on the antiviral activity of UT against CHIKV infection, and the data presented here suggests UT as a potential antiviral to treat CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Curtinhas de Lima
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Ligia Maria Marino Valente
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil;
| | - Débora Familiar Macedo
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Flavia Barreto dos Santos
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde, Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (J.L.M.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Siani
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde, Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (J.L.M.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
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Vaz LBA, Amparo TR, Reis ACC, de Mello Silva B, de Brito Magalhães CL, Kohlhoff M, Brandão GC. Identification, characterization and quantification of xanthones from Fridericia formosa leaves extract with antiviral activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2258. [PMID: 38278839 PMCID: PMC10817953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fridericia formosa (Bureau) L.G. Lohmann (Bignonaceae) is a neotropical liana species found in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. It has been of great interest to the scientific community due to its potential as a source of new antivirals, including xanthones derived from mangiferin. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize and quantify the xanthones present in the ethanol extract of this species using high performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, the antiviral activity against Chikungunya, Zika, and Mayaro viruses was evaluated. The chromatographic analyses partially identified twenty-six xanthones, among which only fourteen had already been described in the literature. The xanthones mangiferin, 2'-O-trans-caffeoylmangiferin, and 2'-O-trans-coumaroylmangiferin, are present in higher quantities in the extract, at concentrations of 9.65%, 10.68%, and 3.41% w/w, respectively. In antiviral assays, the extract inhibited the multiplication cycle only for the Mayaro virus with a CE50 of 36.1 μg/mL. Among the isolated xanthones, 2'-O-trans-coumaroylmangiferin and 2'-O-trans-cinnamoylmangiferin inhibited the viral cytopathic effect with CE50 values of 180.6 and 149.4 μg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the extract from F. formosa leaves, which has a high content of xanthones, has antiviral potential and can be a source of new mangiferin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Beatriz Araújo Vaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35.402-163, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Roquete Amparo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35.402-163, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cotta Cardoso Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35.402-163, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Zip Code 35.402-163, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Zip Code 35.402-163, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro Do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 35.402-163, Brazil.
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Zina SM, Hoarau G, Labetoulle M, Khairallah M, Rousseau A. Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections. Pathogens 2023; 12:1457. [PMID: 38133340 PMCID: PMC10747099 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by arthropods (mainly mosquitoes) that cause severe endemic infections and epidemics on a global scale. They represent a major cause of systemic morbidity and death and are expanding worldwide. Among this group, dengue fever, the West Nile virus, yellow fever, Japanese Encephalitis, and, recently, the Zika virus have been linked to a spectrum of ocular manifestations. These manifestations encompass subconjunctival hemorrhages and conjunctivitis, anterior and posterior uveitis (inclusive of vitritis, chorioretinitis, and retinal vasculitis), maculopathy, retinal hemorrhages, and optic neuritis. Clinical diagnosis of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. Diagnosis confirmation relies on laboratory testing, including RT-PCR and serological testing. Ocular involvement typically follows a self-limited course but can result in irreversible visual impairment. Effective treatments of flavivirus infections are currently unavailable. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control. Effective vaccines are available only for the yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and Japanese Encephalitis virus. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge regarding the ophthalmic manifestations of the foremost flavivirus-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourour Meziou Zina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Gautier Hoarau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Commission (CEA), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, Public Assistance, Hospitals of Paris, Reference Network for Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology (OPHTARA), 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (S.M.Z.); (G.H.); (M.L.)
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), Infectious Diseases Models for Innovative Therapies (IDMIT), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Commission (CEA), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Rocha DCP, Sisnande T, Gavino-Leopoldino D, Guimarães-Andrade IP, Cruz FF, Assunção-Miranda I, Mendonça SC, Leitão GG, Simas RC, Mohana-Borges R, Leitão SG, Allonso D. Antiviral, Cytoprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke Ethanolic Wood Extract on Chikungunya Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2232. [PMID: 38005909 PMCID: PMC10674702 DOI: 10.3390/v15112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever, a debilitating disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is characterized by a high fever of sudden onset and an intense arthralgia that impairs individual regular activities. Although most symptoms are self-limited, long-term persistent arthralgia is observed in 30-40% of infected individuals. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment against CHIKV infection, so there is an urgent need for the discovery of new therapeutic options for CHIKF chronic cases. This present study aims to test the antiviral, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities of an ethanol extract (FF72) from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke wood, chemically characterized using mass spectrometry, which indicated the major presence of dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins. The major saponin in the extract, with a deprotonated molecule ion m/z 897 [M-H]-, was tentatively assigned as a jujubogenin triglycoside, a dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin. Treatment with FF72 resulted in a significant reduction in both virus replication and the production of infective virions in BHK-21-infected cells. The viability of infected cells was assessed using an MTT, and the result indicated that FF72 treatment was able to revert the toxicity mediated by CHIKV infection. In addition, FF72 had a direct effect on CHIKV, since the infectivity was completely abolished in the presence of the extract. FF72 treatment also reduced the expression of the major pro-inflammatory mediators overexpressed during CHIKV infection, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. Overall, the present study elucidates the potential of FF72 to become a promising candidate of herbal medicine for alphaviruses infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C. P. Rocha
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (T.S.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Tháyna Sisnande
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (T.S.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Daniel Gavino-Leopoldino
- Laboratório de Resposta Celular à Infecções Virais, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (D.G.-L.); (I.P.G.-A.); (I.A.-M.)
| | - Iris Paula Guimarães-Andrade
- Laboratório de Resposta Celular à Infecções Virais, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (D.G.-L.); (I.P.G.-A.); (I.A.-M.)
| | - Fernanda F. Cruz
- Laboratório de Investigação Pulmonar, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Laboratório de Resposta Celular à Infecções Virais, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (D.G.-L.); (I.P.G.-A.); (I.A.-M.)
| | - Simony C. Mendonça
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (S.C.M.); (G.G.L.)
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (S.C.M.); (G.G.L.)
| | - Rosineide Costa Simas
- Faculdade de Química, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (T.S.); (R.M.-B.)
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
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Reshamwala D, Shroff S, Liimatainen J, Tienaho J, Laajala M, Kilpeläinen P, Viherä-Aarnio A, Karonen M, Jyske T, Marjomäki V. Willow ( Salix spp.) bark hot water extracts inhibit both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses: study on its anti-coronavirus and anti-enterovirus activities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249794. [PMID: 38029113 PMCID: PMC10663278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurring viral outbreaks have a significant negative impact on society. This creates a need to develop novel strategies to complement the existing antiviral approaches. There is a need for safe and sustainable antiviral solutions derived from nature. Objective This study aimed to investigate the antiviral potential of willow (Salix spp.) bark hot water extracts against coronaviruses and enteroviruses. Willow bark has long been recognized for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicines. However, its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent remains relatively unexplored. Methods Cytopathic effect inhibition assay and virucidal and qPCR-based assays were used to evaluate the antiviral potential of the bark extracts. The mechanism of action was investigated using time-of-addition assay, confocal microscopy, TEM, thermal, and binding assays. Extracts were fractionated and screened for their chemical composition using high-resolution LC-MS. Results The native Salix samples demonstrated their excellent antiviral potential against the non-enveloped enteroviruses even at room temperature and after 45 s. They were equally effective against the seasonal and pandemic coronaviruses. Confocal microscopy verified the loss of infection capacity by negligible staining of the newly synthesized capsid or spike proteins. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that Salix bark extract had a direct effect on the virus particles but not through cellular targets. Negative stain TEM and thermal assay showed that antiviral action on enteroviruses was based on the added stability of the virions. In contrast, Salix bark extract caused visible changes in the coronavirus structure, which was demonstrated by the negative stain TEM. However, the binding to the cells was not affected, as verified by the qPCR study. Furthermore, coronavirus accumulated in the cellular endosomes and did not proceed after this stage, based on the confocal studies. None of the tested commercial reference samples, such as salicin, salicylic acid, picein, and triandrin, had any antiviral activity. Fractionation of the extract and subsequent MS analysis revealed that most of the separated fractions were very effective against enteroviruses and contained several different chemical groups such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and procyanidins. Conclusion Salix spp. bark extracts contain several virucidal agents that are likely to act synergistically and directly on the viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sailee Shroff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Jenni Tienaho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mira Laajala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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8
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Nunes DADF, Lopes GFM, Nizer WSDC, Aguilar MGD, Santos FRDS, Sousa GFD, Ferraz AC, Duarte LP, Brandão GC, Vieira-Filho SA, Magalhães CLDB, Ferreira JMS, de Magalhães JC. Virucidal antiviral activity of Maytenus quadrangulata extract against Mayaro virus: Evidence for the presence of catechins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116436. [PMID: 37003399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus endemic to the Amazon region, which comprises the states of the North and Midwest region of Brazil and encompasses the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon Forest. The confirmation of its potential transmission by Aedes aegypti and recent cases in Brazil, mainly in large centers in the northern region, led to the classification of Mayaro fever as an emerging disease. Traditional medicine is commonly used to treat various diseases, mainly by local riverside populations. Some species of the genus Maytenus, which have similar morphologies, are popularly used to treat infections and inflammations. In this context, our research group has studied and confirmed the antiviral activity of several plant-derived compounds. However, several species of this same genus have not been studied and therefore deserve attention. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of ethyl acetate extracts of leaves (LAE) and branches (TAE) of Maytenus quadrangulata against MAYV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mammalian cells (Vero cells) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. After cell infection by MAYV and the treatment with the extracts, we evaluated the selectivity index (SI), the virucidal effect, viral adsorption and internalization, and the effect on viral gene expression. The antiviral action was confirmed by quantifying the viral genome using RT-qPCR and by analyzing the effect on virus yield in infected cells. The treatment was performed based on the effective concentration protective for 50% of the infected cells (EC50). RESULTS The leaves (LAE; EC50 12.0 μg/mL) and branches (TAE; EC50 101.0 μg/mL) extracts showed significative selectivity against the virus, with SI values of 79.21 and 9.91, respectively, which were considered safe. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the antiviral action was associated with the presence of catechins, mainly in LAE. This extract was chosen for the subsequent studies since it reduced the viral cytopathic effect and virus production, even at high viral loads [MOI (multiplicity of infection) 1 and 5]. The effects of LAE resulted in a marked reduction in viral gene expression. The viral title was drastically reduced when LAE was added to the virus before infection or during replication stages, reducing virus production up to 5-log units compared to infected and untreated cells. CONCLUSION Through kinetic replication, MAYV was not detected in Vero cells treated with LAE throughout the viral cycle. The virucidal effect of LAE inactivates the viral particle and can intercept the virus at the end of the cycle when it gains the extracellular environment. Therefore, LAE is a promising source of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariana G de Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ariane Coelho Ferraz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucienir Pains Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Virology and Cellular Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioprocess Engineering, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil.
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Ong J, Ho SH, Soh SXH, Wong Y, Ng Y, Vasquez K, Lai YL, Setoh YX, Chong CS, Lee V, Wong JCC, Tan CH, Sim S, Ng LC, Lim JT. Assessing the efficacy of male Wolbachia-infected mosquito deployments to reduce dengue incidence in Singapore: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:1023. [PMID: 36528590 PMCID: PMC9758775 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a severe environmental public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. In Singapore, decreasing seroprevalence and herd immunity due to successful vector control has paradoxically led to increased transmission potential of the dengue virus. We have previously demonstrated that incompatible insect technique coupled with sterile insect technique (IIT-SIT), which involves the release of X-ray-irradiated male Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, reduced the Aedes aegypti population by 98% and dengue incidence by 88%. This novel vector control tool is expected to be able to complement current vector control to mitigate the increasing threat of dengue on a larger scale. We propose a multi-site protocol to study the efficacy of IIT-SIT at reducing dengue incidence. METHODS/DESIGN The study is designed as a parallel, two-arm, non-blinded cluster-randomized (CR) controlled trial to be conducted in high-rise public housing estates in Singapore, an equatorial city-state. The aim is to determine whether large-scale deployment of male Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes can significantly reduce dengue incidence in intervention clusters. We will use the CR design, with the study area comprising 15 clusters with a total area of 10.9 km2, covering approximately 722,204 residents in 1713 apartment blocks. Eight clusters will be randomly selected to receive the intervention, while the other seven will serve as non-intervention clusters. Intervention efficacy will be estimated through two primary endpoints: (1) odds ratio of Wolbachia exposure distribution (i.e., probability of living in an intervention cluster) among laboratory-confirmed reported dengue cases compared to test-negative controls and (2) laboratory-confirmed reported dengue counts normalized by population size in intervention versus non-intervention clusters. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence from a multi-site, randomized controlled trial for the efficacy of IIT-SIT in reducing dengue incidence. The trial will provide valuable information to estimate intervention efficacy for this novel vector control approach and guide plans for integration into national vector control programs in dengue-endemic settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05505682 . Registered on 16 August 2022. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soon Hoe Ho
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Stacy Xin Hui Soh
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Wong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Youming Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kathryn Vasquez
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Ling Lai
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee-Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vernon Lee
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Cheong Huat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuzhen Sim
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jue Tao Lim
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Novena Campus, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Barr KL. Development and Application of Treatment for Chikungunya Fever. Res Rep Trop Med 2022; 13:55-66. [PMID: 36561535 PMCID: PMC9767026 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s370046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of treatment for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) remains complicated as there is no current standard treatment and many barriers to research exist. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes serious global health implications due to its socioeconomic impact and high morbidity rates. In research, treatment through natural and pharmaceutical techniques is being evaluated for their efficacy and effectiveness. Natural treatment options, such as homeopathy and physiotherapy, give patients a variety of options for how to best manage acute and chronic symptoms. Some of the most used pharmaceutical therapies for CHIKV include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), methotrexate (MTX), chloroquine, and ribavirin. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for chikungunya, but vaccine development is crucial for this virus. Potential treatments need further research until they can become a standard part of treatment. The barriers to research for this complicated virus create challenges in the efficacy and equitability of its research. The rising need for increased research to fully understand chikungunya in order to develop more effective treatment options is vital in protecting endemic populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Millsapps
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emma C Underwood
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelli L Barr
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Correspondence: Kelli L Barr, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd. Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA, Tel +1 813 974 4480, Fax +1 813 974 4962, Email
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Ramiharimanana FD, Haddad JG, Andrianavalonirina MA, Apel C, Olivon F, Diotel N, Desprès P, Ramanandraibe VV, El Kalamouni C. Antiviral Effect of Stenocline ericoides DC. and Stenocline inuloides DC., Two Flavonoid-Rich Endemic Plants from Madagascar, against Dengue and Zika Viruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121500. [PMID: 36558951 PMCID: PMC9787939 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue and Zika viruses are identified as the most medically important arthropod-borne viral pathogens. Over the past 20 years, the global dengue incidence has dramatically increased with epidemics of severe dengue where the case fatality rate can reach up to 20% in untreated patients. The association between Zika virus infection and severe congenital anomalies was first reported in 2015. Today no specific antiviral therapies are available for dengue and Zika virus infections, accentuating the need of adapted antiviral strategies based on medicinal plant drug discovery. Plants are a potential source of antiviral phytocompounds which act primarily by blocking virus entry in the host-cell. In the present study, we evaluated whether crude extracts from Stenocline ericoides DC. and Stenocline inuloides DC., two endemic plants from Madagascar, may have antiviral effects against dengue and Zika viruses. We showed that S. ericoides has virucidal action whereas S. inuloides inhibits the early steps of virus infection with a non-cytotoxic effect in human cells. The administration of S. ericoides and S. inuloides extracts in zebrafish had no effect on the behavior of animals at the active doses against dengue and Zika viruses, suggesting the absence of adverse effects at these doses. LC-HRMS2 and molecular networking analyses revealed the richness of these two plants in polyphenols and flavonoid with the presence of clusters of phytocompounds specific to each Stenocline species. Consequently, S. ericoides and S. inuloides represent potential sources for natural and safe antiviral phytocompounds against flaviviruses of medical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenia D. Ramiharimanana
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Université de la Réunion, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France
- International Associated Laboratory, University of Antananarivo-Lyon 1, Antananarivo P.O. Box 906, Madagascar
| | - Juliano G. Haddad
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Université de la Réunion, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | | | - Cécile Apel
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Nicolas Diotel
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, 97491 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Université de la Réunion, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | | | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Université de la Réunion, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Honokiol and Alpha-Mangostin Inhibit Mayaro Virus Replication through Different Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217362. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus with an increasing circulation across the Americas. In the present study, we evaluated the potential antiviral activity of the following natural compounds against MAYV and other arboviruses: Sanguinarine, (R)-Shikonin, Fisetin, Honokiol, Tanshinone IIA, and α-Mangostin. Sanguinarine and Shikonin showed significant cytotoxicity, whereas Fisetin, Honokiol, Tanshinone IIA, and α-Mangostin were well tolerated in all the cell lines tested. Honokiol and α-Mangostin treatment protected Vero-E6 cells against MAYV-induced damage and resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in viral progeny yields for each of the MAYV strains and human cell lines assessed. These compounds also reduced MAYV viral RNA replication in HeLa cells. In addition, Honokiol and α-Mangostin disrupted MAYV infection at different stages of the virus life cycle. Moreover, Honokiol and α-Mangostin decreased Una, Chikungunya, and Zika viral titers and downmodulated the expression of E1 and nsP1 viral proteins from MAYV, Una, and Chikungunya. Finally, in Honokiol- and α-Mangostin-treated HeLa cells, we observed an upregulation in the expression of type I interferon and specific interferon-stimulated genes, including IFNα, IFNβ, MxA, ISG15, OAS2, MDA-5, TNFα, and IL-1β, which may promote an antiviral cellular state. Our results indicate that Honokiol and α-Mangostin present potential broad-spectrum activity against different arboviruses through different mechanisms.
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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) natural antiviral inhibitors: a review. Med Chem Res 2022; 31:2089-2102. [PMID: 36193545 PMCID: PMC9520115 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases are the cause of many global epidemics, leading to deaths, affecting the quality of life of populations, and impairing public health. The limitations in the treatment of viral diseases and the constant resistance to conventional antiviral treatments encourage researchers to discover new compounds. In this perspective, this literature review presents isolated molecules and extracts of natural products capable of inhibiting the activity of the nonstructural protein that acts as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The literature review presented natural compounds with the potential to be tested as alternative medicines or used in the development of synthetic drugs to prevent the replication of RNA viruses, such as COVID-19, hepatitis C, and dengue viruses, among others. Natural products are known to exhibit remarkable activities in mitigation of different viral diseases, in addition, they help to decrease the aggravation of infections. Consequently, reducing hospitalization time and deaths.
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14
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Suleiman WB, Shehata RM, Younis AM. In vitro assessment of multipotential therapeutic importance of Hericium erinaceus mushroom extracts using different solvents. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:99. [PMID: 38647811 PMCID: PMC10991866 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease is one of the major threats to humans and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Edible mushrooms have many nutritional and medicinal values to human health. The medicinal properties of edible mushroom extract in inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms had advantages over the use of chemically synthetic antimicrobial compounds due to less unwanted side effects and can combat microbial resistance. This study hypothesized that the polarity affects the extraction quality of Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies which was prepared and subsequently affects its activity as an antimicrobial against six tested microorganisms, including MRSA, and Streptococcus mutans, Enterobacter cloaca, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida lipolytica; antiviral against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) virus; antioxidant using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay; and anti-inflammatory potential. So, the mushroom was quantitatively evaluated to assess its content of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, protein, nitrogen, and oil. The current research clarified here that aquatic extract has a significant activity as an antioxidant (IC50 = 53.7 µg/mL) and antiviral (IC50 = 24.97 µg/mL), while ethyl acetate extract showed a reasonable antimicrobial activity rather than all tested extract against tested microorganisms. Unfortunately, all extracts under investigation possess low anti-inflammatory action according to the adopting protocol. The superior results of both water and ethyl acetate extracts were later investigated by HPTLC and GC-MS for preliminary prediction of the chemical constitution of those extracts. H. erinaceus mushroom succeeded to establish promising antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities while it has low anti-inflammatory activity. Both HPTLC and GC-MS could identify the chemical constituents of the mushroom crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Bakry Suleiman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, The Permanent Camp St., 6th Ward, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reda M Shehata
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Younis
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, The Permanent Camp St., 6th Ward, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Duraisamy GS, Jo E, Huvarova I, Park KHP, Heger Z, Adam V, Růžek D, Windisch MP, Miller AD. Selected ginsenosides interfere efficiently with hepatitis B virus mRNA expression levels and suppress viral surface antigen secretion. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10465. [PMID: 36110238 PMCID: PMC9468399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a class of natural steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins found in Panax ginseng. After screening of a commercial ginsenoside compound library for low cellular cytotoxicity and the ability to mediate efficient reductions in hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA expression levels in HepG2.2.15 cells, three ginsenosides (Rg6, Rh4, and Rb3) are selected. Thereafter, using the same cellular model, all three ginsenosides are shown to mediate efficient, selective inhibition of HBV mRNA expression levels, and also interfere with the secretion of both HBV particles and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Drug combination studies are performed in both HepG2.2.15 and HBV-infected HepG2-NTCPsec+ cell models with the selected ginsenosides and lamivudine (LMV), a nucleoside analogue used to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections. These studies, involving RT-qPCR and ELISA, suggest that Rh4/LMV combinations in particular act synergistically to inhibit the secretion of HBV particles and HBsAg. Therefore, on the assumption that appropriate in vivo data are in future agreement, Rh4, in particular, might be used in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NUCs) to devise an effective, cost-efficient combination therapy for the treatment of patients with CHB infections.
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16
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Combination of the Focus-Forming Assay and Digital Automated Imaging Analysis for the Detection of Dengue and Zika Viral Loads in Cultures and Acute Disease. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:2177183. [PMID: 35911823 PMCID: PMC9325612 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2177183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimized methods for the detection of flavivirus infections in hyperendemic areas are still needed, especially for working with patient serum as a starting material. The focus-forming assay (FFA) reveals critical aspects of virus-host interactions, as it is a quantitative assay to determine viral loads. Automated image analysis provides evaluations of relative amounts of intracellular viral protein at the single-cell level. Here, we developed an optimized FFA for the detection of infectious Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) viral particles in cell cultures and clinical serum samples, respectively. Vero-76 cells were infected with DENV-2 (16681) or ZIKV (PRVA BC59). Using a panel of anti-DENV and anti-ZIKV NS1-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the primary mAbs, concentration, and the optimal time of infection were determined. To determine whether intracellular accumulation of NS1 improved the efficiency of the FFA, brefeldin A was added to the cultures. Focus formation was identified by conventional optical microscopy combined with CellProfiler™ automated image analysis software. The FFA was used with spike assays for ZIKV and clinical specimens from natural infection by DENV-1 and DENV-2. mAb 7744-644 for ZIKV and mAb 724-323 for DENV used at a concentration of 1 μg/ml and a time of 24 hours postinfection produced the best detection of foci when combining conventional counting and automated digital analysis. Brefeldin A did not improve the assessment of FFUs or their digitally assessed intensity at single-cell level. The FFA showed 95% ZIKV recovery and achieved the detection of circulating DENV-1 and DENV-2 in the plasma of acutely ill patients. The combination of the two techniques optimized the FFA, allowing the study of DENV and ZIKV in culture supernatants and clinical specimens from natural infection in hyperendemic areas.
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Tamkutė L, Haddad JG, Diotel N, Desprès P, Venskutonis PR, El Kalamouni C. Cranberry Pomace Extract Exerts Antiviral Activity against Zika and Dengue Virus at Safe Doses for Adult Zebrafish. Viruses 2022; 14:1101. [PMID: 35632841 PMCID: PMC9147401 DOI: 10.3390/v14051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) and zika virus (ZIKV) infections constitute a global health emergency. Antivirals directly targeting the virus infectious cycle are still needed to prevent dengue hemorrhagic fever and congenital zika syndrome. In the present study, we demonstrated that Cranberry Pomace (CP) extract, a polyphenol-rich agrifood byproduct recovered following cranberry juice extraction, blocks DENV and ZIKV infection in human Huh7.5 and A549 cell lines, respectively, in non-cytotoxic concentrations. Our virological assays identified CP extract as a potential inhibitor of virus entry into the host-cell by acting directly on viral particles, thus preventing their attachment to the cell surface. At effective antiviral doses, CP extract proved safe and tolerable in a zebrafish model. In conclusion, polyphenol-rich agrifood byproducts such as berry extracts are a promising source of safe and naturally derived nutraceutical antivirals that target medically important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tamkutė
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux En Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université De La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (L.T.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu, pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Juliano G. Haddad
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux En Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université De La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (L.T.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France;
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux En Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université De La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (L.T.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu, pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux En Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Université De La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, France; (L.T.); (J.G.H.); (P.D.)
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El Adham EK, Hassan AI, A Dawoud MM. Evaluating the role of propolis and bee venom on the oxidative stress induced by gamma rays in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2656. [PMID: 35173181 PMCID: PMC8850618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee products consist of many substances, which have long been known for their medicinal and health-promoting properties. This study set out to appraise the protective potential of Egyptian propolis (EP) and bee venom (BV) separately or combined against total body irradiation (TBI) induced oxidative injury in rats. Besides, we assessed the bioactive components in EP and BV using HPLC and UPLC/ ESI-MS analysis in the positive ion mode. The animals were subjected to a source of gamma ionizing radiation at a dose of 6 Gy. Propolis and BV were administered independently and in combination before 14 days of γ-irradiation. Liver and kidney functions were estimated besides, DNA damage index (8- OHdG) by ELISA. Antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were detected. Gene expression technique investigated for BAX, BCL2, and in plasma also miR125b expression in serum of rats. Besides, the histopathological for the brain, liver, kidney, and heart were investigated. In addition, lipid peroxidation was investigated in plasma and in the previous organs. The present results provide opportunities to advance the use of bee products as promising medicinal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithar K El Adham
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Amal I Hassan
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - M M A Dawoud
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
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Tran QTN, Lee RCH, Liu HJ, Ran D, Low VZL, To DQ, Chu JJH, Chai CLL. Discovery and development of labdane-oxindole hybrids as small-molecule inhibitors against chikungunya virus infection. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Sinha M, Chakraborty U, Kool A, Chakravarti M, Das S, Ghosh S, Thakur L, Khuranna A, Nayak D, Basu B, Kar S, Ray R, Das S. In-vitro antiviral action of Eupatorium perfoliatum against dengue virus infection: Modulation of mTOR signaling and autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114627. [PMID: 34509603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dengue virus (DENV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently engendered large epidemics around the world. Consequently antivirals with effective anti-DENV therapeutic activity are urgently required. In the 18th century, Europeans, as well as native inhabitants of North America, were known to adapt the medicinal property of the common perennial plant Eupatorium perfoliatum L. to treat fever and infections. Previous studies have shown that Eupatorium perfoliatum L. possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-plasmodial, anti-bacterial and antiviral activities. However, to the best of our knowledge, no anti-DENV activity of E. perfoliatum L. has been investigated at the molecular level so far. AIM OF STUDY Here, for the first time we have attempted to study the action of E. perfoliatum extract and its few bioactive components i.e., quercetin, caffeic acid and eupafolin against wild primary clinical isolate of DENV-2 infection in an in vitro model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence of the bioactive components in the E. perfoliatum extract, were analyzed by HPLC- DAD. Then, CC50 as well as IC50 values of the extract and its bioactive components were measured against DENV in HepG2 cell line. After that, the antiviral activity was studied by Time of addition assay using qRT-PCR. Further, the downstream signalling action of E. perfoliatum extract, was studied by Human phosphorylation MAPK antibody array, followed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, a molecular docking analysis was done to study the binding affinity of bioactive components of E. perfoliatum extract with TIM-1 transmembrane receptor protein, which is known for viral internalization. RESULT We found that E. perfoliatum extract has marked antiviral activity during pre-treatment against DENV infection in HepG2 cell line. The extract also significantly reduced the DENV induced autophagy in HepG2 cell line as detected by LC3 II localization. The presence of different bioactive compounds in E. perfoliatum extract were confirmed by HPLC-DAD. In the bioactive components, in parallel to earlier studies, quercetin showed the most significant preventive action against DENV infection. Further, in molecular docking analysis also, quercetin showed the strongest binding affinity towards DENV membrane receptor TIM-1 protein. CONCLUSION Our findings suggests that E. perfoliatum extract has significant potential to be an anti-DENV therapeutic agent. Moreover, among the bioactive components, quercetin may have a prophylaxis role in executing the antiviral activity of E. perfoliatum extract against DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonmoon Sinha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India; Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata-700020, India.
| | - Urmita Chakraborty
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
| | - Anirban Kool
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
| | - Mousumi Chakravarti
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
| | - Souvik Das
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata-700026, India.
| | - Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata-700026, India.
| | - Lovnish Thakur
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram, Haryana-122103, India.
| | - Anil Khuranna
- Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi-111058, India.
| | - Debadatta Nayak
- Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi-111058, India.
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Neuroendocrinology and Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata-700026, India.
| | - Subhabrata Kar
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurugram, Haryana-122103, India.
| | - Raja Ray
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata-700020, India.
| | - Satadal Das
- Department of Virology, Dr. Anjali Chatterjee Regional Research Institute, Kolkata-700035, India.
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Thomas E, Stewart LE, Darley BA, Pham AM, Esteban I, Panda SS. Plant-Based Natural Products and Extracts: Potential Source to Develop New Antiviral Drug Candidates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206197. [PMID: 34684782 PMCID: PMC8537559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are among the most complex medical problems and have been a major threat to the economy and global health. Several epidemics and pandemics have occurred due to viruses, which has led to a significant increase in mortality and morbidity rates. Natural products have always been an inspiration and source for new drug development because of their various uses. Among all-natural sources, plant sources are the most dominant for the discovery of new therapeutic agents due to their chemical and structural diversity. Despite the traditional use and potential source for drug development, natural products have gained little attention from large pharmaceutical industries. Several plant extracts and isolated compounds have been extensively studied and explored for antiviral properties against different strains of viruses. In this review, we have compiled antiviral plant extracts and natural products isolated from plants reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Siva S. Panda
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-706-667-4022; Fax: +1-706-667-4519
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22
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Monsalve-Escudero LM, Loaiza-Cano V, Pájaro-González Y, Oliveros-Díaz AF, Diaz-Castillo F, Quiñones W, Robledo S, Martinez-Gutierrez M. Indole alkaloids inhibit zika and chikungunya virus infection in different cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 34454481 PMCID: PMC8397866 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, an increase in the occurrence of illnesses caused by two clinically- important arboviruses has been reported: Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). There is no licensed antiviral treatment for either of the two abovementioned viruses. Bearing in mind that the antiviral effect of indole alkaloids has been reported for other arboviral models, the present study proposed to evaluate the antiviral in vitro and in silico effects of four indole alkaloids on infections by these two viruses in different cell lines. METHODS The antiviral effects of voacangine (VOAC), voacangine-7-hydroxyindolenine (VOAC-OH), rupicoline and 3-oxo voacangine (OXO-VOAC) were evaluated in Vero, U937 and A549 cells using different experimental strategies (Pre, Trans, Post and combined treatment). Viral infection was quantified by different methodologies, including infectious viral particles by plating, viral genome by RT-qPCR, and viral protein by cell ELISA. Moreover, molecular docking was used to evaluate the possible interactions between structural and nonstructural viral proteins and the compounds. The results obtained from the antiviral strategies for each experimental condition were compared in all cases with the untreated controls. Statistically significant differences were identified using a parametric Student's t-test. In all cases, p values below 0.05 (p < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the pre-treatment strategy in Vero cells, VOAC and VOAC-OH inhibited both viral models and OXO-VOAC inhibited only ZIKV; in U937 cells infected with CHIKV/Col, only VOAC-OH inhibited infection, but none of the compounds had activity in A549 cells; in U937 cells and A549 cells infected with ZIKV/Col, the three compounds that were effective in Vero cells also had antiviral activity. In the trans-treatment strategy, only VOAC-OH was virucidal against ZIKV/Col. In the post-treatment strategy, only rupicoline was effective in the CHIKV/Col model in Vero and A549 cells, whereas VOAC and VOAC-OH inhibited ZIKV infection in all three cell lines. In the combined strategy, VOAC, VOAC-OH and rupicoline inhibited CHIKV/Col and ZIKV/Col, but only rupicoline improved the antiviral effect of ZIKV/Col-infected cultures with respect to the individual strategies. Molecular docking showed that all the compounds had favorable binding energies with the structural proteins E2 and NSP2 (CHIKV) and E and NS5 (ZIKV). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that indole alkaloids are promising antiviral drugs in the process of ZIKV and CHIKV infection; however, the mechanisms of action evaluated in this study would indicate that the effect is different in each viral model and, in turn, dependent on the cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Milena Monsalve-Escudero
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Loaiza-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yina Pájaro-González
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Fitoquímicas y Farmacológicas de la Universidad de Cartagena - LIFFUC, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Farmacia Asistencial y Farmacología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Oliveros-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Fitoquímicas y Farmacológicas de la Universidad de Cartagena - LIFFUC, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Fredyc Diaz-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Fitoquímicas y Farmacológicas de la Universidad de Cartagena - LIFFUC, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Wiston Quiñones
- Grupo de Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Robledo
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) Extract Impairs Nairovirus Infection by Inhibiting the Attachment to Target Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081025. [PMID: 34451488 PMCID: PMC8401317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazara virus (HAZV) belongs to the Nairoviridae family and is included in the same serogroup of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). CCHFV is the most widespread tick-borne arbovirus. It is responsible for a serious hemorrhagic disease, for which specific and effective treatment and preventive systems are missing. Bioactive compounds derived from several natural products may provide a natural source of broad-spectrum antiviral agents, characterized by good tolerability and minimal side effects. Previous in vitro studies have shown that a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) extract containing a high content of A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-A) inhibits the replication of herpes simplex and influenza viruses by hampering their attachment to target cells. Given the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and the urgency to develop therapies for the treatment of CCHF, we investigated the antiviral activity of cranberry extract against HAZV, a surrogate nairovirus model of CCHFV that can be handled in Level 2 Biosafety Laboratories (BSL-2). The results indicate that the cranberry extract exerts an antiviral activity against HAZV by targeting early stages of the viral replication cycle, including the initial adsorption to target cells. Although the details of the molecular mechanism of action remain to be clarified, the cranberry extract exerts a virucidal effect through a direct interaction with HAZV particles that leads to the subsequent impairment of virus attachment to cell-surface receptors. Finally, the antiviral activity of the cranberry extract was also confirmed for CCHFV. As a whole, the evidence obtained suggests that cranberry extract is a valuable candidate to be considered for the development of therapeutic strategies for CCHFV infections.
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24
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Menezes JCJMDS, Campos VR. Natural biflavonoids as potential therapeutic agents against microbial diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145168. [PMID: 33493916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbes broadly constitute several organisms like viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi present in our biosphere. Fast-paced environmental changes have influenced contact of human populations with newly identified microbes resulting in diseases that can spread quickly. These microbes can cause infections like HIV, SARS-CoV2, malaria, nosocomial Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or Candida infection for which there are no available vaccines/drugs or are less efficient to prevent or treat these infections. In the pursuit to find potential safe agents for therapy of microbial infections, natural biflavonoids like amentoflavone, tetrahydroamentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin, morelloflavone, agathisflavone, hinokiflavone, Garcinia biflavones 1 (GB1), Garcinia biflavones 2 (GB2), robustaflavone, strychnobiflavone, ochnaflavone, dulcisbiflavonoid C, tetramethoxy-6,6″-bigenkwanin and other derivatives isolated from several species of plants can provide effective starting points and become a source of future drugs. These biflavonoids show activity against influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), dengue, HIV-AIDS, coxsackieviral, hepatitis, HSV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), protozoal (Leishmaniasis, Malaria) infections, bacterial and fungal infections. Some of the biflavonoids can provide antiviral and protozoal activity by inhibition of neuraminidase, chymotrypsin-like protease, DV-NS5 RNA dependant RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase (RT), fatty acid synthase, DNA polymerase, UL54 gene expression, Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation, recombinant cysteine protease type 2.8 (r-CPB2.8), Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase or cause depolarization of parasitic mitochondrial membranes. They may also provide anti-inflammatory therapeutic activity against the infection-induced cytokine storm. Considering the varied bioactivity of these biflavonoids against these organisms, their structure-activity relationships are derived and wherever possible compared with monoflavones. Overall, this review aims to highlight these natural biflavonoids and briefly discuss their sources, reported mechanism of action, pharmacological uses, and comment on resistance mechanism, flavopiridol repurposing and the bioavailability aspects to provide a starting point for anti-microbial research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C J M D S Menezes
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan.
| | - Vinícius R Campos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Targeting the DEAD-Box RNA Helicase eIF4A with Rocaglates-A Pan-Antiviral Strategy for Minimizing the Impact of Future RNA Virus Pandemics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030540. [PMID: 33807988 PMCID: PMC8001013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in pandemics caused by RNA viruses of zoonotic origin highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals against novel and re-emerging RNA viruses. Broad-spectrum antivirals could be deployed as first-line interventions during an outbreak while virus-specific drugs and vaccines are developed and rolled out. Viruses depend on the host’s protein synthesis machinery for replication. Several natural compounds that target the cellular DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A, a key component of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex eIF4F, have emerged as potential broad-spectrum antivirals. Rocaglates, a group of flavaglines of plant origin that clamp mRNAs with highly structured 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) onto the surface of eIF4A through specific stacking interactions, exhibit the largest selectivity and potential therapeutic indices among all known eIF4A inhibitors. Their unique mechanism of action limits the inhibitory effect of rocaglates to the translation of eIF4A-dependent viral mRNAs and a minor fraction of host mRNAs exhibiting stable RNA secondary structures and/or polypurine sequence stretches in their 5′UTRs, resulting in minimal potential toxic side effects. Maintaining a favorable safety profile while inducing efficient inhibition of a broad spectrum of RNA viruses makes rocaglates into primary candidates for further development as pan-antiviral therapeutics.
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26
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Noor H, Ikram A, Rathinavel T, Kumarasamy S, Nasir Iqbal M, Bashir Z. Immunomodulatory and anti-cytokine therapeutic potential of curcumin and its derivatives for treating COVID-19 - a computational modeling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5769-5784. [PMID: 33491580 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1873190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unavailability of vaccine and medicines raised serious issues during COVID-19 pandemic and peoples from different parts of world relied on traditional medicine for their immediate recovery from COVID-19 and it found effective also. The current research aims to target COVID-19 immunological human host receptors i.e. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 using curcumin derivatives to prevent viral infection and control overproduction of early clinical responses of COVID-19. Targeting these host proteins will mitigate the infection and will filter out many complications caused by these proteins in COVID-19 patients. It is proven through computer-aided computational modeling approaches, total 30 compounds of curcumin and its derivatives were chosen. Drug-likeness parameters were calculated for curcumin and its derivatives and 20 curcumin analogs were selected for docking analysis. From docking analysis of 20 curcumin analogs against five chosen human host receptor targets reveals 11 curcumin analogs possess least binding affinity and best interaction at active sites subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis of five final shortlisted curcumin derivatives was done to show least binding affinity toward chosen host target protein. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was performed to observe behavior and interaction of potential drug hydrazinocurcumin against target proteins ACE-2 and PAR-1. It was performed at 100 nanoseconds and showed satisfactory results. Finally, our investigation reveals that hydrazinocurcumin possesses immunomodulatory and anti-cytokine therapeutic potential against COVID-19 and it can act as COVID-19 warrior drug molecule and promising choice of drug for COVID-19 treatment, however, it needs further in vivo clinical evaluation to commercialize as COVID-19 drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ikram
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Nasir Iqbal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Bashir
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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27
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Santana AC, Silva Filho RC, Menezes JCJMDS, Allonso D, Campos VR. Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Compounds: A Promising Class of Antiviral Agents against Chikungunya Virus. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:16. [PMID: 33396631 PMCID: PMC7824564 DOI: 10.3390/life11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, in general, are a global threat due to their morbidity and mortality, which results in an important social and economic impact. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), one of the most relevant arbovirus currently known, is a re-emergent virus that causes a disease named chikungunya fever, characterized by a severe arthralgia (joint pains) that can persist for several months or years in some individuals. Until now, no vaccine or specific antiviral drug is commercially available. Nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds are found in medications, such as aristeromycin, favipiravir, fluorouracil, 6-azauridine, thioguanine, pyrimethamine, among others. New families of natural and synthetic nitrogen analogous compounds are reported to have significant anti-CHIKV effects. In the present work, we focus on these nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds as an important class with CHIKV antiviral activity. We summarize the present understanding on this class of compounds against CHIKV and also present their possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza C. Santana
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil; (A.C.S.); (R.C.S.F.)
| | - Ronaldo C. Silva Filho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil; (A.C.S.); (R.C.S.F.)
| | - José C. J. M. D. S. Menezes
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
- Research & Development, Esteem Industries Pvt. Ltd., Bicholim, Goa 403 529, India
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vinícius R. Campos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil; (A.C.S.); (R.C.S.F.)
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Computational and network pharmacology analysis of bioflavonoids as possible natural antiviral compounds in COVID-19. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020; 22:100504. [PMID: 33363251 PMCID: PMC7756171 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioflavonoids are the largest group of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with diverse biological potential and have also been proven efficacious in the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The present investigation validates molecular docking, simulation, and MM-PBSA studies of fifteen bioactive bioflavonoids derived from plants as a plausible potential antiviral in the treatment of COVID-19. Molecular docking studies for 15 flavonoids on the three SARS CoV-2 proteins, non-structural protein-15 Endoribonuclease (NSP15), the receptor-binding domain of spike protein (RBD of S protein), and main protease (Mpro/3CLpro) were performed and selected protein-ligand complexes were subjected to Molecular Dynamics simulations. The molecular dynamics trajectories were subjected to free energy calculation by the MM-PBSA method. All flavonoids were further assessed for their effectiveness as adjuvant therapy by network pharmacology analysis on the target proteins. The network pharmacology analysis suggests the involvement of selected bioflavonoids in the modulation of multiple signaling pathways like p53, FoxO, MAPK, Wnt, Rap1, TNF, adipocytokine, and leukocyte transendothelial migration which plays a significant role in immunomodulation, minimizing the oxidative stress and inflammation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies illustrated the potential of glycyrrhizic acid, amentoflavone, and mulberroside in inhibiting key SARS-CoV-2 proteins and these results could be exploited further in designing future ligands from natural sources. Bioflavonoids are potential antiviral secondary metabolites. Docking, MD and network pharmacology demonstrated antiviral & adjuvant potential. MM-PBSA calculations and network pharmacology identified key bioflavonoids. Mulberroside, Glycyrrhizic acid and Amentoflavone may hold promise in COVID-19.
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Key Words
- 2019-nCoV, 2019 Novel Coronavirus
- Amentoflavone
- Bioflavonoids
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease-2019
- CoV, Corona Virus
- Glycyrrhizic acid
- In-silico study
- MD, Molecular Dynamics
- MM-PBSA, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area
- Mulberroside
- NSP, Non-structural Protein
- Novel Coronavirus-2
- OPLS, Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations
- ORF, Open Reading Frame
- RBD, Receptor Binding Domain
- RMSD, Root Mean Square Deviation
- SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2
- SDF, Structure Data File
- WHO, World Health Organization
- Å, Angstrom
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Teng YF, Xu L, Wei MY, Wang CY, Gu YC, Shao CL. Recent progresses in marine microbial-derived antiviral natural products. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1215-1229. [PMID: 33222073 PMCID: PMC7680217 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses have always been a class of pathogenic microorganisms that threaten the health and safety of human life worldwide. However, for a long time, the treatment of viral infections has been slow to develop, and only a few antiviral drugs have been using clinically. Compared with these from terrestrial environments, marine-derived microorganisms can produce active substances with more novel structures and unique functions. From 2015 to 2019, 89 antiviral compounds of 8 structural classes have been isolated from marine microorganisms, of which 35 exhibit anti-H1N1 activity. This review surveys systematically marine microbial-derived natural products with antiviral activity and illustrates the impact of these compounds on antiviral drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell , Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China.
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Arthropod-Borne Disease Control at a Glance: What's New on Drug Development? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215175. [PMID: 33172077 PMCID: PMC7664442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering and validating effective drugs to manage arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) is a timely and important research challenge with major impacts on real-world control programs at the time of quick resistance development in the targeted pathogens. This editorial highlights major research advances in the development of drugs for the control of vector-borne diseases, with a significant focus on malaria, Chagas disease, dengue, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Zika. Broad reviews providing new insights on ABD recently published in Molecules have also been covered in “The Editors’ pick” section.
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