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Sandez Penidez SH, De Moreno De Le Blanc A, Gerez CL, Rollán GC. Quinoa snack elaborated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1964 sourdough increases the mineral bioavailability in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39132918 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of pseudocereal-based foods decreased in phytate concentration can provide better nutrition concerning mineral bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the mineral bioavailability of quinoa sourdough-based snacks in a murine model. The mice were divided into five groups. One group was fed with basal snacks; three control groups received quinoa-based snacks made from non-fermented dough, dough without inoculum, and chemically acidified dough; and the test group (GF) received quinoa snacks elaborated from sourdough fermented by a phytase-positive strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 1964. Food intake, body weight, and mineral concentration in blood and organs (liver, kidney, and femur) were determined. RESULTS Food consumption increased during the feeding period and had the highest (16.2-24.5%) consumption in the GF group. Body weight also increased during the 6-weeks of trial. The GF group showed higher (6.0-10.2%) body weight compared with the other groups from the fifth week. The concentrations of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood, iron and phosphorus in the liver, manganese and magnesium in the kidney, and calcium and phosphorus in the femur increased significantly (1.1-2.7-fold) in the GF group compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION The diet that includes quinoa snacks elaborated with sourdough fermented by phytase-positive strain L. plantarum CRL 1964 increased the concentrations of minerals in the blood, liver, kidney, and femur of mice, counteracting the antinutritional effects of phytate. This study demonstrates that the diminution in phytate content and the consequent biofortification in minerals are a suitable tool for producing novel foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla L Gerez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) - CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela C Rollán
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA) - CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Nier A, Ulrich C, Volk C, Wolffgang MC, Brandsch C, Wensch-Dorendorf M, Girndt M, Stangl GI. Effects of a single phosphate-enriched test meal on inflammasome activity and postprandial inflammatory markers in healthy subjects. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:797-807. [PMID: 38175251 PMCID: PMC10948537 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The consumption of highly processed food is often associated with a high intake of inorganic phosphate. Hyperphosphatemia is accompanied by an inflammatory status in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the immune response to high phosphorus intake in healthy individuals is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a single phosphate-enriched meal on inflammasome activity and plasma levels of inflammatory markers. METHODS The analysis included 28 participants who received a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus or a placebo with a test meal. At baseline, 4 and 8 h post-meal, plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, c-reactive protein (CRP), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) levels were determined. At baseline and 4 h post-meal, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to assess inflammasome activity. Subsequently, the effect of phosphate with or without glucose on IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression and secretion in U937 monocytes was examined. RESULTS While both groups showed a marked postprandial increase in IL-6 plasma levels, neither plasma levels of IL-6, IL-1β, CRP, IL-10, sIL-6R, and sgp130 nor inflammasome activity were affected by phosphate compared to placebo. In U937 cells, there was also no effect of phosphate on IL-6 expression, but the addition of glucose increased it. Phosphate, however, reduced the IL-1β secretion of these cells. CONCLUSION Postprandial inflammatory markers were not affected by dietary phosphate. However, IL-6 plasma levels were markedly increased post-meal, which appears to be a metabolic rather than a pro-inflammatory phenomenon. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03771924, date of registration: 11th December 2018, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Christin Volk
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Competence Cluster of Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Monika Wensch-Dorendorf
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Competence Cluster of Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
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Franco LP, Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Hua Y, Nöthlings U, Wudy SA, Remer T. Phosphorus Intake and Potential Dietary Influences Examined via 24-Hour Urinary Biomarker Measurements in German Children and Adolescents Over 3 Decades. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00083-2. [PMID: 38360183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in phosphorus intake have been observed over the past years in adult populations. However, biomarker-based data are lacking on whether or not phosphorus intake also increased in children. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine 24-hour urinary phosphate excretion (PO4-Ex) and diet-related biomarkers potentially influencing phosphorus status in German children and adolescents from 1985 to 2015. DESIGN This longitudinal noninvasive biomarker-based cohort study examined 24-hour urine samples from children and adolescents of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, collected over 3 decades. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Examined individuals (n = 1,057) were healthy participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, situated in Dortmund, Germany, who had been asked to collect one yearly 24-hour urine sample. Six thousand seven hundred thirty-seven samples collected from participants aged 3 to 17 years between 1985 (baseline) and 2015, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES phosphorus intake was examined biomarker-based by analyzed PO4-Ex in 24-hour urine samples. Whether acid-base status and intakes of protein, salt, and fruits and vegetables, may have relevantly contributed to PO4-Ex levels was assessed by determining 24-hour excretions of net acid, urea-nitrogen, and sodium as well as specific standardized excretions of potassium plus oxalate. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Trend analysis over 30 years and potentially influencing diet factors were examined using linear mixed-effect regression models (PROC-MIXED). Adjustments for sex, age, and body surface area were performed. RESULTS No change was identifiable for PO4-Ex over the 3 decades; neither in 3 to 8, 9 to 13, nor in 14 to 17 year olds. However, sodium excretion increased (P = .001). PROC-MIXED analysis on intraindividual changes in PO4-Ex revealed direct relationships with net acid excretion, urea-nitrogen, and sodium excretion and an inverse relationship with a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS Despite a direct relationship between PO4-Ex and a biomarker of industrially processed food consumption; that is, sodium excretion, which showed an increasing time trend, phosphorus intake was found to remain stable over decades in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Peixoto Franco
- DONALD Study Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Yifan Hua
- DONALD Study Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany.
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Grabia M, Perkowski J, Socha K, Markiewicz-Żukowska R. Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Nutritional Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:359. [PMID: 38337644 PMCID: PMC10857508 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The female athlete triad (TRIAD) is a spectrum of disorders involving low energy availability (LEA), low bone mineral density, and menstrual disorders. It is increasingly common to use the term 'relative energy deficiency in sport' (RED), emphasising the extensive impact of LEA on the body. The aim of this narrative review was to gather original research encompassing female athletes across various sports as well as to collect findings on the potential of a nutrition-focused approach to prevent or treat the aforementioned disorders. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. Several challenges were identified regarding the adequacy of the energy availability, protein, and carbohydrate requirements in the diets of female athletes. Moreover, insufficient intake of vitamin D has been observed across all athlete groups studied. This insufficiency also extends to the average requirement for Ca, Mg, the Ca/P ratio, Zn, and Fe. To address those concerns, a nutritional approach is proposed in the latter part of this review. The factors that can improve the absorption of micronutrients have also been discussed. The TRIAD/REDs affect an ever-growing number of women and require appropriate therapeutic management, particularly through nutritional care. Therefore, cooperation within an interdisciplinary team comprising a physician, nutritionist, physiotherapist, and psychologist is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Grabia
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 2D Mickiewicza Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland (K.S.)
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Debnath S, Dey A, Khanam R, Saha S, Sarkar D, Saha JK, Coumar MV, Patra BC, Biswas T, Ray M, Radhika MS, Mandal B. Historical shifting in grain mineral density of landmark rice and wheat cultivars released over the past 50 years in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21164. [PMID: 38036556 PMCID: PMC10689764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'Green Revolution (GR)' has been successful in meeting food sufficiency in India, but compromising its nutritional security. In a first, we report altered grain nutrients profile of modern-bred rice and wheat cultivars diminishing their mineral dietary significance to the Indian population. To substantiate, we evaluated grain nutrients profile of historical landmark high-yielding cultivars of rice and wheat released in succeeding decades since the GR and its impacts on mineral diet quality and human health, with a prediction for decades ahead. Analysis of grain nutrients profile shows a downward trend in concentrations of essential and beneficial elements, but an upward in toxic elements in past 50 y in both rice and wheat. For example, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in grains of rice decreased by ~ 33.0 (P < 0.001) and 27.0% (P < 0.0001); while for wheat it decreased by ~ 30.0 (P < 0.0001) and 19.0% (P < 0.0001) in past more than 50 y, respectively. A proposed mineral-diet quality index (M-DQI) significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased ~ 57.0 and 36.0% in the reported time span (1960-2010) in rice and wheat, respectively. The impoverished M-DQI could impose hostile effects on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like iron-deficiency anemia, respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal among the Indian population by 2040. Our research calls for an urgency of grain nutrients profiling before releasing a cultivar of staples like rice and wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovan Debnath
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Regional Station Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
- ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Ahana Dey
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Rubina Khanam
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Susmit Saha
- College of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan Sadar, West Bengal, 713 101, India
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
| | - Jayanta K Saha
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Mounissamy V Coumar
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Bhaskar C Patra
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - Tufleuddin Biswas
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 761 211, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ray
- Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modeling, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Madhari S Radhika
- Department of Dietetics, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Biswapati Mandal
- Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India.
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 252, India.
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Donat-Vargas C, Guallar-Castillon P, Nyström J, Larsson SC, Kippler M, Vahter M, Faxén-Irving G, Michaelsson K, Wolk A, Stenvinkel P, Åkesson A. Urinary phosphate is associated with cardiovascular disease incidence. J Intern Med 2023; 294:358-369. [PMID: 37330983 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification. OBJECTIVE To explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire-estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical, a population-based cohort study. At baseline (2004-2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register-linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5-95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40-3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92-1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148-1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = -0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)-independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077). CONCLUSION Higher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Faxén-Irving
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaelsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schöne F, Ibel A, Lorkowski S, Ihling M, Ramminger S, Kirmse R, Spörl K, Kießling G, Glei M. Composition of pork and German meat products with a focus on iron, selenium and iodine. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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8
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Yang K, Wu D, Wang L, Wang X, Ma J, Sun W. Direct current magnetic field: An optional strategy for reducing pyrophosphate in gelatinous meat products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Duong CN, Akinlawon OJ, Gung J, Noel SE, Bigornia S, Flanagan K, Pourafshar S, Lin PH, Davenport CA, Pendergast J, Scialla JJ, Tucker KL. Bioavailability of phosphorus and kidney function in the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:541-550. [PMID: 35511217 PMCID: PMC9348986 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High phosphorus (P) exposure may have negative effects on kidney function. Nutrient databases provide total P, but bioavailability varies by source. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess natural, added, and bioavailable P intake, and to relate these to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). METHODS A total of 3962 African-American participants of the JHS, aged 21-84 y, with urine albumin:creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g, and eGFR ≥ 60 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2, and without self-reported kidney disease, were included. Diet was assessed by FFQ. We assigned P in foods as naturally occurring or added, and weighted intake by P bioavailability, based on published literature. Relations between P variables and eGFR were assessed using multivariable regression. RESULTS Mean ± SE intakes were 1178 ± 6.7 mg and 1168 ± 5.0 mg for total P, 296 ± 2.8 mg and 291 ± 2.1 mg for bioavailable added P, and 444 ± 2.9 mg and 443 ± 2.2 mg for bioavailable natural P, in participants with eGFR = 60-89 and ≥90 mL · min-1 · 1.73 m-2, respectively. Major sources of total P included fish, milk, beef, eggs, cheese, and poultry; and of added P, fish, beef, processed meat, soft drinks, and poultry. After adjustment for confounders, P intakes, including total (β ± SE: -0.32 ± 0.15; P = 0.03), added (β ± SE: -0.73 ± 0.27; P = 0.01), bioavailable total (β ± SE: -0.62 ± 0.23; P = 0.01), and bioavailable added (β ± SE: -0.77 ± 0.29; P = 0.01), were significantly associated with lower eGFR. However, neither total nor bioavailable P from natural sources were associated with eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Added, but not natural, P was negatively associated with kidney function, raising concern about P additives in the food supply. Further studies are needed to improve estimation of dietary P exposure and to clarify the role of added P as a risk factor for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi N Duong
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Oladimeji J Akinlawon
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Gung
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Sherman Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Kaylea Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clemontina A Davenport
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane Pendergast
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia J Scialla
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Amaya-Montoya M, Duarte-Montero D, Nieves-Barreto LD, Montaño-Rodríguez A, Betancourt-Villamizar EC, Salazar-Ocampo MP, Mendivil CO. 100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Dietary intake and main food sources of vitamin D and calcium in Colombian urban adults. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1584-1593. [PMID: 34766920 PMCID: PMC8679881 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Data on dietary calcium and vitamin D intake from Latin America are scarce. We explored the main correlates and dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in a probabilistic, population-based sample from Colombia. We studied 1554 participants aged 18-75 from five different geographical regions. Dietary intake was assessed by employing a 157-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and national and international food composition tables. Daily vitamin D intake decreased with increasing age, from 230 IU/day in the 18-39 age group to 184 IU/day in the 60-75 age group (P -trend < 0.001). Vitamin D intake was positively associated with socioeconomic status (SES) (196 IU/day in lowest vs 234 in highest SES, P-trend < 0.001), and with educational level (176 IU/day in lowest vs 226 in highest education level, P-trend < 0.001). Daily calcium intake also decreased with age, from 1376 mg/day in the 18-39 age group to 1120 mg/day in the 60-75 age group (P -trend < 0.001). Calcium intake was lowest among participants with only elementary education, but the absolute difference in calcium intake between extreme education categories was smaller than for vitamin D (1107 vs 1274 mg/day, P-trend = 0.023). Daily calcium intake did not correlate with SES (P -trend = 0.74). Eggs were the main source of overall vitamin D, albeit their contribution decreased with increasing age. Dairy products contributed at least 48% of dietary calcium in all subgroups, mostly from cheese-containing traditional foods. SES and education were the key correlates of vitamin D and calcium intake. These findings may contribute to shape public health interventions in Latin American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos O Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia
- Correspondence should be addressed to C O Mendivil:
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Lou Arnal LM, Vercet Tormo A, Caverní Muñoz A, Medrano Villarroya C, Lou Calvo E, Munguía Navarro P, Sanz París A. Association between ultrapocessed food and chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2021; 41:489-501. [PMID: 36165132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern diet is closely linked to the consumption of processed foods, causing an increase in the intake of salt, simple sugars, phosphorus and added potassium. This excess intake is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD, which according to data from the ENRICA study affects 15% of the population, magnifies its impact due to the higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and due to limitations in the management of sodium and phosphorus. The intake of these products far exceeds the established recommendations, assuming 72% of total sodium, 25%-35% of phosphorus, 12%-18% of potassium and exceeding 10% of the caloric intake in simple sugars. Measures are necessary to reduce their contribution through nutritional advice, labeling review, education campaigns on healthy habits, fees and institutional actions that involve food safety agencies, industry, distribution and scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Vercet Tormo
- Departamento de tecnología de los alimentos, Facultad de las Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Caverní Muñoz
- Grupo de Nutrición de la SEN, España; Servicio de Dietética, Asociación de Enfermos Renales Alcer Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Elena Lou Calvo
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Torrero-La Paz, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Sanz París
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Lou Arnal LM, Vercet Tormo A, Caverní Muñoz A, Medrano Villarroya C, Lou Calvo E, Munguía Navarro P, Sanz París A. Association between ultrapocessed food and chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2021. [PMID: 33714628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern diet is closely linked to the consumption of processed foods, causing an increase in the intake of salt, simple sugars, phosphorus and added potassium. This excess intake is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD, which according to data from the ENRICA study affects 15% of the population, magnifies its impact due to the higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and due to limitations in the management of sodium and phosphorus. The intake of these products far exceeds the established recommendations, assuming 72% of total sodium, 25-35% of phosphorus, 12-18% of potassium and exceeding 10% of the caloric intake in simple sugars. Measures are necessary to reduce their contribution through nutritional advice, labeling review, education campaigns on healthy habits, fees and institutional actions that involve food safety agencies, industry, distribution and scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Vercet Tormo
- Departamento de tecnología de los alimentos, Facultad de las Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Alberto Caverní Muñoz
- Grupo de Nutrición de la SEN, España; Servicio de Dietética, Asociación de Enfermos Renales Alcer Ebro, Zaragoza, España
| | | | - Elena Lou Calvo
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Torrero-La Paz, Zaragoza, España
| | | | - Alejandro Sanz París
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
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13
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The Impact of Diet on Urinary Risk Factors for Cystine Stone Formation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020528. [PMID: 33561968 PMCID: PMC7915598 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of dietary management of cystinuria, data on the contribution of diet to urinary risk factors for cystine stone formation are limited. Studies on the physiological effects of diet on urinary cystine and cysteine excretion are lacking. Accordingly, 10 healthy men received three standardized diets for a period of five days each and collected daily 24 h urine. The Western-type diet (WD; 95 g/day protein) corresponded to usual dietary habits, whereas the mixed diet (MD; 65 g/day protein) and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (VD; 65 g/day protein) were calculated according to dietary reference intakes. With intake of the VD, urinary cystine and cysteine excretion decreased by 22 and 15%, respectively, compared to the WD, although the differences were not statistically significant. Urine pH was significantly highest on the VD. Regression analysis showed that urinary phosphate was significantly associated with cystine excretion, while urinary sulfate was a predictor of cysteine excretion. Neither urinary cystine nor cysteine excretion was affected by dietary sodium intake. A lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet is particularly suitable for the dietary treatment of cystinuria, since the additional alkali load may reduce the amount of required alkalizing agents.
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14
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Nedoklan S, Knezovic Z, Knezovic N, Sutlovic D. NUTRITION AND MINERAL CONTENT IN HUMAN TEETH THROUGH THE CENTURIES. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105075. [PMID: 33571733 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare mineral values of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and their ratios, in teeth from Croatian populations that lived in different historical periods, namely the Medieval period, the early 20th century, and the 21 st century; and (ii) to elucidate the influence of diet and lifestyle on tooth quality in these groups. DESIGN Determination of mineral content (Ca, Mg, P and Zn) in 294 teeth from three different periods of history (Medieval Period [G1], Second World War period [G2] and the contemporary period [G3]) using atomic absorption spectrometer and UV/VIS spectrometer methods. RESULTS Our results showed that the mineral content in teeth has changed over the centuries. Between analysed samples from all groups, there were significant differences in the elemental content as well as in the interrelationship of the elements. The largest differences were observed in the mean values of magnesium and zinc concentrations while smaller differences were observed for changes in calcium and phosphorus. CONCLUSIONS From the obtained results, it is evident that there are changes in the tooth mineral composition in specimens centuries apart that could be a reflection of changes in eating habits, food quality and the environment. In addition to differences in individual elements, differences in their mutual ratios were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srđan Nedoklan
- Community Health Centre of Split-Dalmatia County, 21 251 Žrnovnica, Croatia.
| | - Zlatka Knezovic
- Public Health Institute of Split - Dalmatian County, 21 000 Split, Croatia; University Department for Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nina Knezovic
- Public Health Institute of Split - Dalmatian County, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Davorka Sutlovic
- University Department for Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21 000 Split, Croatia
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15
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Saito Y, Sakuma M, Narishima Y, Yoshida T, Kumagai H, Arai H. Greater consumption of noodle is associated with higher serum phosphorus levels: a cross-sectional study on healthy participants. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:78-85. [PMID: 33536716 PMCID: PMC7844660 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with mortality and cardiovascular events, both in healthy individuals and those with chronic kidney disease. Owing to the increasing westernization of eating habits, a decrease in rice consumption and an increase in the intake of bread and noodle products were observed in Japan. This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of staple food (rice, bread, and noodle) consumption patterns on the serum levels of phosphorus and phosphate-regulating factors in 103 healthy young participants. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected; data about dietary habits were collected using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Cluster analysis was conducted to assess subgroups classified according to staple food consumption patterns. Serum levels of phosphorus and phosphate-regulating factors did not significantly differ between subgroups classified based on the frequency of rice or bread consumption. However, the serum levels of phosphorus and fibroblast growth factor 23 were more significantly elevated in the higher than in the lower noodle consumption frequency subgroup. Cluster analysis defined three clusters, and the serum phosphorus levels in the high-noodle cluster were significantly higher than that in the high-bread and high-rice clusters. A high consumption of noodles was associated with elevated serum phosphorus levels. The trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center system (The name of the trial register: Hidekazu Arai, and UMIN accession number: UMIN000034352).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Saito
- Department of Human Life Sciences, Sakura no Seibo Junior College, 3-6 Hanazono-cho, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima 960-8585, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masae Sakuma
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.,Department of Human Nutrition, School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, 17-3 Hoshigaoka Motomachi, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8662, Japan
| | - Yuri Narishima
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kumagai
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Arai
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Management, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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16
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Markaki A, Psylinakis E, Theodoridis X, Dimitropoulakis P, Charonitaki A, Spyridaki A. Association between dietary intake and nutritional status in Eastern Mediterranean patients receiving hemodialysis. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Markaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Sitia, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Psylinakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Sitia, Crete, Greece
| | - Xenophon Theodoridis
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros Dimitropoulakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Sitia, Crete, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Charonitaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Sitia, Crete, Greece
| | - Aspasia Spyridaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Sitia, Crete, Greece
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17
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Yadav P, Jakubaszek M, Spingler B, Goud B, Gasser G, Zelder F. Fe III -Salen-Based Probes for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of E450 in Foodstuff. Chemistry 2020; 26:5717-5723. [PMID: 31991020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is considered as a diagnostic marker for various diseases such as cancer and vascular calcification. PPi also plays an important preservative role as an additive E450 in foodstuff. In this work, a selective FeIII -salen-based probe for PPi is described; this probe disassembles in the presence of the target analyte into its molecular blocks, 1,2-propanediamine and 3-chloro-5-formyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid. The latter signaling unit leads to a fluorometric response. Compared with a related prototype, the new complex shows a 2.3-times stronger emission at 500 nm and a 155-times better selectivity of PPi over adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Importantly, the new probe was successfully applied for detecting E450 in foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 11, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 11, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Felix Zelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Vatanparast H, Islam N, Patil RP, Shafiee M, Whiting SJ. Calcium Intake from Food and Supplemental Sources Decreased in the Canadian Population from 2004 to 2015. J Nutr 2020; 150:833-841. [PMID: 31891395 PMCID: PMC7138660 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the publications (2008-2014) linking calcium intake, mainly from supplements, to the elevated risk of cardiovascular events, there is a need to determine if there have been any changes in usual intakes of calcium among Canadians. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine changes in dietary and total usual intake of calcium among Canadians aged ≥1 y over the period 2004-2015. METHODS We used nutrition data from 2 nationally representative surveys conducted in 2004 and 2015 (CCHS 2004 Cycle 2.2 and CCHS-Nutrition 2015). This study included all the Canadians across 10 provinces, and the analyses were performed across different age/sex groups. We used the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to estimate the usual intake of calcium and the prevalence of calcium inadequacy. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the relation between supplement uses and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS From 2004 to 2015, the usual intake of calcium from food sources significantly decreased in calcium supplement nonusers (from 872 ± 18.2 mg/d to 754 ± 18.0 mg/d), but not in calcium supplement users. The contribution of calcium from the Milk and alternatives food group significantly decreased by 7.5% and 6.1% in calcium supplement users and nonusers, respectively. The prevalence of calcium supplement use significantly decreased from 2004 to 2015 in the Canadian population, from 27.5% to 22.0%. During this time, the percentage contribution of calcium from supplemental sources significantly decreased among Canadians, especially women. The prevalence of calcium inadequacy increased from 58.0% to 68.0% in supplement nonusers; however, among users of calcium supplements, the prevalence of calcium inadequacy remained at ∼31%. CONCLUSIONS Calcium intake from both food and supplemental sources decreased in the Canadian population over an 11-y period, which must be addressed by policy-makers in their efforts to decrease the high prevalence of calcium inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatanparast
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada,Address correspondence to HV (e-mail: )
| | - Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Rashmi Prakash Patil
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
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19
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel KH, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Oskarsson A, Shah R, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Aggett P, Cupisti A, Fortes C, Kuhnle G, Lillegaard IT, Scotter M, Giarola A, Rincon A, Tard A, Gundert-Remy U. Re-evaluation of phosphoric acid-phosphates - di-, tri- and polyphosphates (E 338-341, E 343, E 450-452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05674. [PMID: 32626329 PMCID: PMC7009158 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings added to Food (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of phosphates (E 338-341, E 343, E 450-452) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Phosphates are authorised food additives in the EU in accordance with Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Exposure to phosphates from the whole diet was estimated using mainly analytical data. The values ranged from 251 mg P/person per day in infants to 1,625 mg P/person per day for adults, and the high exposure (95th percentile) from 331 mg P/person per day in infants to 2,728 mg P/person per day for adults. Phosphate is essential for all living organisms, is absorbed at 80-90% as free orthophosphate excreted via the kidney. The Panel considered phosphates to be of low acute oral toxicity and there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. No effects were reported in developmental toxicity studies. The Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates expressed as phosphorus of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day and concluded that this ADI is protective for the human population. The Panel noted that in the estimated exposure scenario based on analytical data exposure estimates exceeded the proposed ADI for infants, toddlers and other children at the mean level, and for infants, toddlers, children and adolescents at the 95th percentile. The Panel also noted that phosphates exposure by food supplements exceeds the proposed ADI. The Panel concluded that the available data did not give rise to safety concerns in infants below 16 weeks of age consuming formula and food for medical purposes.
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20
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McClure ST, Rebholz CM, Medabalimi S, Hu EA, Xu Z, Selvin E, Appel LJ. Dietary phosphorus intake and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomized trials and prospective observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1264-1272. [PMID: 31051505 PMCID: PMC6499505 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect BP, with some studies suggesting a direct and others an inverse association. OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed the literature on the association of dietary phosphorus with BP in adults and performed a qualitative synthesis. METHODS We included randomized and nonrandomized behavioral intervention and feeding studies (intervention studies) and prospective observational studies that measured dietary phosphorus intake or urinary phosphorus excretion and BP. We excluded studies of supplements, children, or individuals with major medical conditions. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 June, 2017 and 22 August, 2018. We assessed studies' risk of bias in their assessment of phosphorus exposure and BP. RESULTS We reviewed 4759 publications and included 14 intervention studies (2497 participants), 3 prospective observational cohorts (17,795 participants), and 2 ongoing trials. No included intervention studies were designed specifically to achieve a phosphorus contrast. Two studies found a significant positive association of dietary phosphorus with systolic BP, 4 a significant inverse association, and 8 no significant association. Four studies found a significant inverse association with diastolic BP and 10 no significant associations. Two cohorts found lower risk of incident hypertension comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of phosphorus intake and 1 found no significant difference: HR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.98); HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.02); and HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.27), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found no consistent association between total dietary phosphorus intake and BP in adults in the published literature nor any randomized trials designed to examine this association. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42017062489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T McClure
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sibyl Medabalimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily A Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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21
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Complementary Biomarker Assessment of Components Absorbed from Diet and Creatinine Excretion Rate Reflecting Muscle Mass in Dialysis Patients. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121827. [PMID: 30486226 PMCID: PMC6316271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and accumulation of waste products, dialysis patients require diet adjustments. Dietary intake assessed by self-reported intakes often provides biased information and standard 24-h urinary excretion is inapplicable in dialysis patients. We aimed to assess dietary intake via a complementary, less biased biomarker method, and to compare this to dietary diaries. Additionally, we investigated the prospective association of creatinine excretion rate (CER) reflecting muscle mass with mortality. Complete intradialytic dialysate and interdialytic urinary collections were used to calculate 24-h excretion of protein, sodium, potassium, phosphate and creatinine in 42 chronic dialysis patients and compared with protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphate intake assessed by 5-day dietary diaries. Cox regression analyses were employed to investigate associations of CER with mortality. Mean age was 64 ± 13 years and 52% were male. Complementary biomarker assessed (CBA) and dietary assessed (DA) protein intake were significantly correlated (r = 0.610; p < 0.001), but there was a constant bias, as dietary diaries overestimated protein intake in most patients. Correlations were found between CBA and DA sodium intake (r = 0.297; p = 0.056), potassium intake (r = 0.312; p = 0.047) and phosphate uptake/intake (r = 0.409; p = 0.008). However, Bland-Altman analysis showed significant proportional bias. During a median follow-up of 26.6 (25.3–31.5) months, nine dialysis patients (23%) died. CER was independently and inversely associated with survival (HR: 0.59 (0.42–0.84); p = 0.003). Excretion measurements may be a more reliable assessment of dietary intake in dialysis patients, as this method is relatively free from biases known to exist for self-reported intakes. CER seems to be a promising tool for monitoring PEM.
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22
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Trautvetter U, Ditscheid B, Jahreis G, Glei M. Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Blood Lipids and Intestinal Sterols in Human Intervention Studies Using Different Sources of Phosphate as Supplements-Pooled Results and Literature Search. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070936. [PMID: 30037054 PMCID: PMC6073240 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphates are associated with negative physiological effects. The objectives of this publication were to compare differential effects of supplementation with calcium phosphate or phosphate alone in healthy humans. Four adult human studies were conducted with pentacalcium hydroxy-trisphosphate supplementation (CaP; 90 subjects) and their data were pooled for assessment. For literature search; PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge were used and 21 items were assigned to three main topics. The pooled study results show that following CaP supplementation, faecal calcium and phosphorus and urinary calcium were increased, blood lipids were positively modulated, and faecal bile acids were increased, as compared with placebo. The literature search reveals that following calcium phosphate supplementation, urinary calcium was increased. Following solely phosphate supplementation, urinary phosphorus was increased and urinary calcium was decreased. Postprandial calcium concentrations were increased following calcium phosphate supplementation. Postprandial phosphate concentrations were increased following solely phosphate supplementation. Calcium phosphate supplementation resulted in rather positively modulated blood lipids and gut-related parameters. The presented results show the relevance to distinguish between calcium phosphate and solely phosphate supplementations, and the importance of a balanced calcium and phosphorus intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Trautvetter
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Bianka Ditscheid
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Glei
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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23
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Cupisti A, Gallieni M. Urinary Phosphorus Excretion: Not What We Have Believed It to Be? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:973-974. [PMID: 29921735 PMCID: PMC6032589 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.06260518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adamasco Cupisti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; and
| | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Luigi Sacco,” University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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