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Zhao Y, Yang H, Jiao R, Wang Y, Xiao M, Song M, Yu H, Liao C, Pang Y, Gao W, Huang T, Yu C, Lv J, Li S, Qi L, Li L, Sun D. Phenotypic age mediates effects of Life's Essential 8 on reduced mortality risk in US adults. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2024; 7:pbae019. [PMID: 39309670 PMCID: PMC11413533 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to find out whether phenotypic age could mediate the protective effects of a healthy lifestyle on mortality. Methods We included adult participants with available data for individual phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 (three cycles) and linked mortality records until 31 December 2019. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated to evaluate the associations of PhenoAge and LE8 scores with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the proportional contribution of PhenoAge to the effect of LE8 on mortality risks. Results A 1-year increment in PhenoAge was associated with a higher risk of all-cause (HR = 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.05]) and cardiovascular (HR = 1.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.05]) mortality, independent of chronological age, demographic characteristics, and disease history. High level of LE8 (score: 80-100) was associated with a 3.30-year younger PhenoAge. PhenoAge was estimated to mediate 36 and 22% of the effect of LE8 on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively (all P < 0.001). As for single-metric scores of LE8, PhenoAge mediated 30%, 11%, 9%, and 7% of the effects of the healthy diet, smoking status, blood pressure, and physical activity on all-cause mortality risk, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Adherence to LE8 recommendations slows phenotypic aging. PhenoAge could mediate the effect of LE8 on mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Li X, Li M, Cheng J, Guan S, Hou L, Zu S, Yang L, Wu H, Li H, Fan Y, Zhang B. Association of healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets with telomere length. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1694-1701. [PMID: 38879916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have shown that plant-rich dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, are associated with longer telomeres. However, no association has been found between vegetarian diet and telomere length. We hypothesized that the quality of plant-based diets plays an important role in telomere length. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diet was assessed using a 24-h recall method. Plant-based diet quality was assessed using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Telomere length was measured using quantitative PCR. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the association of PDIs with log-transformed telomere length and ordinal quintiles of telomere length in descending order, respectively. RESULTS In both regression models, the overall PDI was not associated with telomere length. The hPDI was associated with longer telomere length [percentage change = 2.34%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42%, 4.31%, Ptrend = 0.016; odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.95, Ptrend = 0.013]. However, uPDI was associated with shorter telomere length (percentage change = -3.17%, 95% CI: -5.65%, -0.62%, Ptrend = 0.017; OR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.03, 1.53, Ptrend = 0.014) and this inverse association was stronger in the non-Hispanic white population (Pinteraction = 0.001 in both regression models). CONCLUSIONS A plant-based dietary pattern rich in healthy plant foods is associated with longer telomeres. However, plant-based dietary patterns rich in unhealthy plant-based foods are associated with shorter telomere lengths, especially in non-Hispanic white populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Shixia Guan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Shuang Zu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hanhan Wu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Huixian Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
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3
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Gou R, Xiong S, Liang X, Wu H, Qin S, Li B, Luo C, Chen J. Relationship between Life's Essential 8 and metabolic syndrome among older Americans (NHANES, 2007-2010): navigating biological aging and inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380464. [PMID: 38903808 PMCID: PMC11188479 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health concern, and it is particularly harmful to middle-aged and elderly individuals. Life Element Eight (LE8), a measure to improve cardiovascular health, may offer benefits for MetS. Herein, we examined the relationship between LE8 and MetS among middle-aged and elderly individuals, and elucidated the role of biological aging and inflammation in this process. Methods We obtained the LE8 scores of 2,901 Americans, along with their biological aging indicators (Biological age, Phenotypic age, Serum Klotho), and computed their inflammatory indicators SII, DII. Using logistic regression model, we assessed the association among inflammatory markers, Biological aging, LE8 and MetS. Additionally, we generated restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots to display trends in significant variables in logistic regression. Using parallel mediation analysis, we evaluated the possible mediating role of various factors in the risk relationship between LE8 and MetS. Results Our examination revealed that higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower incidence of MetS in a fully adjusted model. The high LE8 subgroup had a 79.73% reduction in the risk of MetS compared to the low subgroup with an OR = 0.2027 (95% Cl 0.0871, 0.4714), with similar correlations between health factor scores and MetS risk. Biological aging mediated the associations between LE8, health behaviors and health factor scores and MetS risk. Conclusion A rise in the LE8 score among middle-aged and elderly individuals is a protective factor for MetS, and this association may be partially mediated by biological aging, suggesting that LE8 may reduce the risk of MetS by ameliorating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Gou
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xudong Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuitao Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Junan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Gürel S, Pak EN, Tek NA. Aging Processes Are Affected by Energy Balance: Focused on the Effects of Nutrition and Physical Activity on Telomere Length. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:264-279. [PMID: 38498288 PMCID: PMC11133118 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The number and proportion of individuals aged 60 and over are increasing globally. The increase in the elderly population has important social and economic effects. Telomere length is an important marker for healthy aging. Here, we review the relevance between telomere length and energy balance by determining the effects of physical activity, nutrients, dietary patterns, and foods on healthy aging and telomere length with related studies. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence emphasizes the importance of telomere length and integrity for healthy aging. It also focuses on the importance of potential interventions such as physical activity and a healthy diet to improve this process. We suggest that ensuring energy balance with regular physical activity and healthy diets can contribute to the aging process by protecting telomere length. In addition, different methods in studies, short and inconsistent durations, different types of exercise, different diet patterns, and non-standard foods have led to conflicting results. More studies are needed to elucidate molecular-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satı Gürel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Elif Nisa Pak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey.
| | - Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Ma J, Li P, Jiang Y, Yang X, Luo Y, Tao L, Guo X, Gao B. The Association between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Acceleration of Aging: Evidence from NHANES. Nutrients 2024; 16:1635. [PMID: 38892569 PMCID: PMC11174358 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The acceleration of aging is a risk factor for numerous diseases, and diet has been identified as an especially effective anti-aging method. Currently, research on the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging remains limited, with existing studies focusing on the intake of a small number of individual dietary nutrients. Comprehensive research on the single and mixed anti-aging effects of dietary nutrients has not been conducted. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of numerous dietary nutrient intakes, both singly and in combination, on the acceleration of aging. Data for this study were extracted from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The acceleration of aging was measured by phenotypic age acceleration. Linear regression (linear), restricted cubic spline (RCS) (nonlinear), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) (mixed effect) models were used to explore the association between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging. A total of 4692 participants aged ≥ 20 were included in this study. In fully adjusted models, intakes of 16 nutrients were negatively associated with accelerated aging (protein, vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, dietary fiber, and alcohol). Intakes of total sugars, vitamin C, vitamin K, caffeine, and alcohol showed significant nonlinear associations with accelerated aging. Additionally, mixed dietary nutrient intakes were negatively associated with accelerated aging. Single dietary nutrients as well as mixed nutrient intake may mitigate accelerated aging. Moderately increasing the intake of specific dietary nutrients and maintaining dietary balance may be key strategies to prevent accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Gao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing 100069, China
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6
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Koemel NA, Laouali N, Senior AM, Celermajer DS, Grech A, Solon-Biet SM, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Gill TP, Skilton MR. The Relationship between Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Telomere Length Among US Adults. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300619. [PMID: 38229191 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of dietary macronutrients and energy intake in the aging process has been well-established. However, previous research has mainly focused on the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and individual macronutrients, while the effects of macronutrient composition on LTL remain unclear. This cross-sectional analysis involved 4130 US adults (44.8 ± 17.0 years; 51% female) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1999-2002. A single 24-h dietary recall is used to collect dietary data. The relationship between dietary macronutrient composition and LTL is examined using three-dimensional generalized additive models. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, education, physical activity, BMI, and dietary quality, a three-dimensional association of macronutrient composition with LTL (P = 0.02) is revealed. Diets lower in protein (5-10%), higher in carbohydrates (75%), and lower in fat (15-20%) are associated with the longest LTL corresponding to 7.7 years of slower biological aging. Diets lowest in protein (5%) and carbohydrate (40%), while highest in dietary fat (55%) are associated with the shortest LTL, corresponding to accelerated biological aging of 4.4 years. The associations appeared magnified with higher energy intake. These findings support a complex relationship between dietary macronutrients and biological aging independent of diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Koemel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CESP UMR1018, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, 94805, France
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Amanda Grech
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Timothy P Gill
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
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7
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Madison AA, Burd CE, Andridge R, Wilson SJ, Bailey MT, Belury MA, Spakowicz DJ, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Gut Microbiota Richness and Diversity Track With T Cell Aging in Healthy Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad276. [PMID: 38123141 PMCID: PMC10878250 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined how gut microbiota diversity and richness relate to T cell aging among 96 healthy adults of all ages. It also explored whether these links differed throughout the lifespan. METHODS Peripheral blood was obtained from 96 study participants (N = 96, aged 21-72) to assess mRNA markers of T cell aging (p16ink4a, p14ARF, B3gat1, Klrg1) and DNA methylation. T cell aging mRNA markers were combined into an aging index, and the Horvath epigenetic clock algorithm was used to calculate epigenetic age based on DNA methylation status of over 500 loci. Participants also collected a stool sample from which the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to derive the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the total count of observed operational taxonomic units (richness). Models controlled for BMI, comorbidities, sex, dietary quality, smoking status, physical activity, and sleep quality. RESULTS Lower microbiota richness was associated with higher T cell age based on mRNA markers, but when probing the region of significance, this relationship was only significant among adults 45 years and older (p = .03). Lower Shannon diversity (p = .05) and richness (p = .07) marginally correlated with higher epigenetic age (ie, greater T cell DNA methylation). CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota complexity may correspond with the rate of T cell aging, especially in mid-to-late life. These results suggest an interplay between the gut microbiome and immunological aging that warrants further experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christin E Burd
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and the Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William B Malarkey
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA (Biological Sciences Section)
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8
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Zhu X, Xue J, Maimaitituerxun R, Xu H, Zhou Q, Zhou Q, Dai W, Chen W. Relationship between dietary macronutrients intake and biological aging: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:243-251. [PMID: 37845359 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association between macronutrient intake and biological age. METHODS Data were collected from 26,381 adults who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Two biological ages were estimated using the Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) and PhenoAge algorithms. Biological age acceleration (AA) was computed as the difference between biological age and chronological age. The associations between macronutrient intakes and AA were investigated. RESULTS After fully adjusting for confounding factors, negative associations were observed between AA and fiber intake (KDM-AA: β - 0.53, 95% CI - 0.62, - 0.43, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β - 0.30, 95% CI - 0.35, - 0.25, P < 0.05). High-quality carbohydrate intake was associated with decreased AA (KDM-AA: β - 0.57, 95% CI - 0.67, - 0.47, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β - 0.32, 95% CI - 0.37, - 0.26, P < 0.05), while low-quality carbohydrate was associated with increased AA (KDM-AA: β 0.30, 95% CI 0.21, 0.38, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β 0.16, 95% CI 0.11, 0.21, P < 0.05). Plant protein was associated with decreased AA (KDM-AA: β - 0.39, 95% CI - 0.51, - 0.27, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β - 0.21, 95% CI - 0.26, - 0.15, P < 0.05). Long-chain SFA intake increased AA (KDM-AA: β 0.16, 95% CI 0.08, 0.24, P < 0.05; PhenoAge acceleration: β 0.11, 95% CI 0.07, 0.15, P < 0.05). ω-3 PUFA was associated with decreased KDM-AA (β - 0.18, 95% CI - 0.27, - 0.08, P < 0.05) and PhenoAge acceleration (β - 0.09, 95% CI - 0.13, - 0.04, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that dietary fiber, high-quality carbohydrate, plant protein, and ω-3 PUFA intake may have a protective effect against AA, while low-quality carbohydrate and long-chain SFA intake may increase AA. Therefore, dietary interventions aimed at modifying macronutrient intakes may be useful in preventing or delaying age-related disease and improving overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Department of Scientific Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rehanguli Maimaitituerxun
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No. 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenhang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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9
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Coltell O, Asensio EM, Sorlí JV, Ortega-Azorín C, Fernández-Carrión R, Pascual EC, Barragán R, González JI, Estruch R, Alzate JF, Pérez-Fidalgo A, Portolés O, Ordovas JM, Corella D. Associations between the New DNA-Methylation-Based Telomere Length Estimator, the Mediterranean Diet and Genetics in a Spanish Population at High Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2004. [PMID: 38001857 PMCID: PMC10669035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is a relevant risk factor for chronic diseases, and several indicators for measuring this factor have been proposed, with telomere length (TL) among the most studied. Oxidative stress may regulate telomere shortening, which is implicated in the increased risk. Using a novel estimator for TL, we examined whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), a highly antioxidant-rich dietary pattern, is associated with longer TL. We determined TL using DNA methylation algorithms (DNAmTL) in 414 subjects at high cardiovascular risk from Spain. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by a validated score, and genetic variants in candidate genes and at the genome-wide level were analyzed. We observed several significant associations (p < 0.05) between DNAmTL and candidate genes (TERT, TERF2, RTEL1, and DCAF4), contributing to the validity of DNAmTL as a biomarker in this population. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower odds of having a shorter TL in the whole sample (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99; p = 0.049 after fully multivariate adjustment). Nevertheless, this association was stronger in women than in men. Likewise, in women, we observed a direct association between adherence to the MedDiet score and DNAmTL as a continuous variable (beta = 0.015; SE: 0.005; p = 0.003), indicating that a one-point increase in adherence was related to an average increase of 0.015 ± 0.005 kb in TL. Upon examination of specific dietary items within the global score, we found that fruits, fish, "sofrito", and whole grains exhibited the strongest associations in women. The novel score combining these items was significantly associated in the whole population. In the genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified ten polymorphisms at the suggestive level of significance (p < 1 × 10-5) for DNAmTL (intergenics, in the IQSEC1, NCAPG2, and ABI3BP genes) and detected some gene-MedDiet modulations on DNAmTL. As this is the first study analyzing the DNAmTL estimator, genetics, and modulation by the MedDiet, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Coltell
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Eva M. Asensio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José V. Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva C. Pascual
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José I. González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alzate
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica—CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria—SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-F.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer (CIBERONC), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Portolés
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-F.)
- Nutrition and Genomics, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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10
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Sandstedt M, Chung RWS, Skoglund C, Lundberg AK, Östgren CJ, Ernerudh J, Jonasson L. Complete fatty degeneration of thymus associates with male sex, obesity and loss of circulating naïve CD8 + T cells in a Swedish middle-aged population. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:45. [PMID: 37653480 PMCID: PMC10470174 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty degeneration of thymus (or thymus involution) has long been considered a normal ageing process. However, there is emerging evidence that thymic involution is linked to T cell aging, chronic inflammation and increased morbidity. Other factors, aside from chronological age, have been proposed to affect the involution rate. In the present study, we investigated the imaging characteristics of thymus on computed tomography (CT) in a Swedish middle-aged population. The major aims were to establish the prevalence of fatty degeneration of thymus and to determine its associations with demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors, as well as inflammation, T cell differentiation and thymic output. RESULTS In total, 1 048 randomly invited individuals (aged 50-64 years, 49% females) were included and thoroughly characterized. CT evaluation of thymus included measurements of attenuation, size and a 4-point scoring system, with scale 0-3 based on the ratio of fat and soft tissue. A majority, 615 (59%) showed complete fatty degeneration, 259 (25%) predominantly fatty attenuation, 105 (10%) half fatty and half soft-tissue attenuation, while 69 (6.6%) presented with a solid thymic gland with predominantly soft-tissue attenuation. Age, male sex, high BMI, abdominal obesity and low dietary intake of fiber were independently associated with complete fatty degeneration of thymus. Also, fatty degeneration of thymus as well as low CT attenuation values were independently related to lower proportion of naïve CD8+ T cells, which in turn was related to lower thymic output, assessed by T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels. CONCLUSION Among Swedish middle-aged subjects, nearly two-thirds showed complete fatty degeneration of thymus on CT. This was linked to depletion of naïve CD8+ T cells indicating that CT scans of thymus might be used to estimate immunological aging. Furthermore, our findings support the intriguing concept that obesity as well as low fiber intake contribute to immunological aging, thereby raising the possibility of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Sandstedt
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rosanna W S Chung
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Camilla Skoglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna K Lundberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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11
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Liu S, Wu M, Wang Y, Xiang L, Luo G, Lin Q, Xiao L. The Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Serum Klotho Levels in Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:3147. [PMID: 37513564 PMCID: PMC10385840 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is an aging-related marker closely associated with a number of diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that dietary factors and lifestyle habits can impact serum Klotho levels. The effect of dietary fiber, a key component of a healthy diet, on the body's serum Klotho levels has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels in people aged 40-79 years in the United States. METHODS A total of 11,282 participants were included in this study, all from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. Dietary fiber intake was assessed by uniformly trained interviewers using the 24 h dietary recall method. Serum Klotho was quantified using commercially available ELISA kits manufactured by IBL International, Japan. The relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Subsequently, the non-linear dose-response relationship between the two was further explored using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, serum Klotho levels increased by 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8%, 3.0%) for each interquartile range increase in dietary fiber intake in all participants. Considering dietary fiber intake as a categorical variable, serum Klotho levels were found to be 4.7% higher in participants in the highest quartile of dietary fiber intake than in those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.8%, 7.6%). RCS plots depicted a non-linear positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that the relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels was more pronounced in older (percentage change: 7.0%; 95% CI: 2.5%, 11.7%) and overweight and obese participants (percentage change: 4.9%; 95% CI: 1.5%, 8.4%). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with serum Klotho levels in participants. This finding is yet to be further confirmed by prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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12
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Tucker LA. Legume Intake, Body Weight, and Abdominal Adiposity: 10-Year Weight Change and Cross-Sectional Results in 15,185 U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020460. [PMID: 36678331 PMCID: PMC9864712 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There were three objectives: (1) evaluate the relationship between legume intake and weight change across the previous 10 years, (2) examine the cross-sectional associations between legume consumption, BMI, and abdominal adiposity, and (3) determine if the relationship between legume intake and the outcomes were influenced by multiple covariates, particularly fiber intake. The sample included 15,185 randomly selected adults representative of the U.S. population. Percent change in weight was used as the outcome measure for the 10-year analysis. BMI, and waist circumference, corrected for height, were employed as the outcomes for the cross-sectional analyses. Legume, fiber, and energy intakes were measured using the average of two 24-h dietary recalls. Legume intake was divided into three categories. Five demographic and five lifestyle covariates were controlled statistically. There was an inverse dose-response relationship between legume intake and percent weight change over the previous 10 years after adjusting for 9 of the covariates (F = 6.5, p = 0.0028). However, after controlling for fiber with the other covariates, there were no differences across the three legume intake groups (F = 1.9, p = 0.1626). The cross-sectional findings showed similar inverse dose-response results until fiber intake was controlled. Then the associations became non-significant. In conclusion, legume intake is a good predictor of percent weight change over the previous 10 years, and it is also a significant predictor of BMI and abdominal adiposity cross-sectionally. These relationships are strongly influenced by fiber consumption. Evidently, legumes have dietary advantages, especially high fiber levels, that seem to be valuable in the battle against weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Tucker
- College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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13
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Shi H, Li X, Yu H, Shi W, Lin Y, Zhou Y. Potential effect of dietary zinc intake on telomere length: A cross-sectional study of US adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:993425. [PMID: 36466397 PMCID: PMC9709254 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.993425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length, which is related to chronic diseases and premature mortality, is influenced by dietary factors. Zinc is known as a dietary antioxidant micronutrient, however, its impact on telomere length remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the potential effect of dietary zinc intake on telomere length among middle-aged and older individuals in the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 3,793 US participants aged 45 years and older from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 24-h dietary recall interviews were employed to evaluate zinc consumption. Leukocyte telomere length was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We adopted generalized linear models to investigate the effect of dietary zinc intake on telomere length, and subgroup analyses were further applied. We further evaluated the dose-response relationship using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS Among the 3,793 participants, the average telomere length was 0.926 ± 0.205 (T/S ratio) or 5509.5 ± 494.9 (bp). After adjusting for major confounders, every 5 mg increment in dietary zinc consumption was related to 0.64% (95% CI: 0.17%, 1.10%) longer telomere length. In the subgroup analyses, significant relationships were found in females (Percentage change: 1.11%; 95% CI: 0.48%, 1.75%), obese (Percentage change: 0.88%; 95% CI: 0.26%, 1.50%), and low energy intake individuals (Percentage change: 0.99%; 95% CI: 0.51%, 1.46%). Additionally, we revealed a positive linear relationship between dietary zinc intake and telomere length (P for non-linearity = 0.636). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that elevated dietary zinc intake was significantly related to longer telomere length among adults aged 45 years and older in the US. And the association was more pronounced in females, obese, and low energy intake individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchen Shi
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haihong Yu
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanting Shi
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Lin
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunping Zhou
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Chen C, Yuan S, Zhao X, Qiao M, Li S, He N, Huang L, Lyu J. Metformin Protects Cardiovascular Health in People With Diabetes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:949113. [PMID: 35903672 PMCID: PMC9314881 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.949113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is the most commonly used drug for patients with diabetes, but there is still some controversy about whether it has a protective effect on cardiovascular health. We therefore used the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) database to analyze the impact of metformin use on cardiovascular health in patients with diabetes. Methods We extracted the demographic data and laboratory test results of all people with diabetes in the NHANES database from January 2017 to March 2020. The outcomes were seven indicators of cardiovascular health from the American Heart Association, each was scored as 0, 1, and 2 to represent poor, moderate, and ideal health statuses, respectively. The scores for the indicators (excluding diet and glycemic status) were summed, and the sum score was then considered to indicate unhealthy (0–5) or healthy (>5). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used, and subgroup analyses were performed by age, alcohol consumption, education, and marital status. Results This study included 1,356 patients with diabetes, among which 606 were taking metformin. After adjusting for all included variables, oral metformin in patients with diabetes had a protective effect on the cardiovascular health of patients (OR = 0.724, 95% CI = 0.573–0.913, P = 0.007). Subgroup analysis indicated that metformin protects the cardiovascular health of people with diabetes more clearly in those who are young (OR = 0.655, 95% CI = 0.481–0.892, P = 0.007), married (OR = 0.633, 95% CI = 0.463–0.863, P = 0.003), and drink alcohol (OR = 0.742, 95% CI = 0.581–0.946, P = 0.016). Conclusion This study found that metformin has a protective effect on the cardiovascular health of patients with diabetes. The study findings support the general applicability of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenuo Zhao
- Qingdao University School of Public Health, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengmeng Qiao
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningxia He
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lyu
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15
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Aronov DM, Drapkina OM, Bubnova MG. Role of genetic factors (biology of telomeres) in cardiac rehabilitation. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is one of the effective healthcare types for cardiovascular patients. At the same time, the choice of the most effective CR methods for a particular patient remains a problem. An increasing number of studies are devoted to the application of genetic methods for studying human health. Particular attention is drawn to determining the telomere length. The review purpose was to analyze the literature on various studies on the significance of assessing the chromosome telomeres for characterizing human health and choosing effective CR methods. The article discusses issues related to the relationship between the telomere length and cardiovascular risk factors, dietary pattern, and psychological status of a person. We also assessed the effectiveness of various exercise types at the genetic level. In preparing the review, publications over the past 14 years were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PEDro, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar databases. The presented facts indicate the need for further study and effective use of one of the genetic factors protecting chromosome telomeres in CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Aronov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - M. G. Bubnova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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16
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Assis V, de Sousa Neto IV, Ribeiro FM, de Cassia Marqueti R, Franco OL, da Silva Aguiar S, Petriz B. The Emerging Role of the Aging Process and Exercise Training on the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Telomere Length. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137810. [PMID: 35805470 PMCID: PMC9266215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process of organism deterioration, which possibly impairs multiple physiological functions. These harmful effects are linked to an accumulation of somatic mutations, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, protein damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It is known that these factors are capable of inducing telomere shortening, as well as intestinal dysbiosis. Otherwise, among the biological mechanisms triggered by physical exercise, the attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators accompanied by redox state improvement can be the main mediators for microbiota homeostasis and telomere wear prevention. Thus, this review highlights how oxidative stress, inflammation, telomere attrition, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis are interconnected. Above all, we provide a logical foundation for unraveling the role of physical exercise in this process. Based on the studies summarized in this article, exercise training can increase the biodiversity of beneficial microbial species, decrease low-grade inflammation and improve oxidative metabolism, these factors together possibly reduce telomeric shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Assis
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil; (V.A.); (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil; (V.A.); (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Filipe M. Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education–Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis Center, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil; (O.L.F.); (B.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology–Physical Education Department, University Center–UDF, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil; (V.A.); (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis Center, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil; (O.L.F.); (B.P.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology–Physical Education Department, University Center–UDF, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education–Federal University of Mato Grosso–UFMT, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-61-99425-5260
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis Center, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil; (O.L.F.); (B.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology–Physical Education Department, University Center–UDF, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences–University of Brasília, Brasília 72220-275, Brazil
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17
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Chen SS, Liao XM, Wei QZ, Zhou YY, Su MY, Hu Y, Song YY, Zhang ZQ, Liang JJ. Associations of the Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids with Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-sectional Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:1549-1559. [PMID: 35278080 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length (TL) serves as a marker of cellular senescence and appears to plateau between the age of 4 y and young adulthood, after which the gut microbiota are supposed to be established. However, scarce data are available regarding the correlation between gut microbiota composition and TL in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether the gut microbiota and the concentrations of SCFAs in feces are associated with leukocyte TL in children. METHODS In total, 401 children aged 6-9 y from Guangzhou were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. qPCR was used to determine relative TL in peripheral blood leukocytes. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and the fecal concentrations of total SCFAs and SCFA subtypes were determined using HPLC. The multivariate methods with an unbiased variable selection (MUVR) algorithm and partial least square models were used to select predictable operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Further correlation analyses were performed based on multiple linear regression models with adjustment for covariates and false discovery rate. RESULTS With the use of MUVR, 35 relevant and minimal optimal OTUs were finally selected. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the abundance of several OTUs, including OTU334 (belonging to the genus Family XIII AD3011 group), OTU726 (belonging to the species Lachnoclostridium phocaeense), OTU1441 (belonging to the genus Ruminococcus torques group), OTU2553 (belonging to the genus Lachnospiraceae UCG-010), and OTU3375 (belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae), was negatively associated with leukocyte TL (β: -0.187 to -0.142; false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P value (PFDR) = 0.009-0.035]. However, neither SCFA subtype nor total SCFA content in feces exhibited significant associations with TL (β: -0.032 to 0.048; PFDR = 0.915-0.969). CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota, but not fecal SCFA concentration, was significantly associated with TL in this pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liao
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Zhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yang Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Qing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Zhao G, Guo D, Li L, Yang C, Dong J. The Association between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Telomere Length in Adults with Hypertension. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:1010-1015. [PMID: 36437769 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary micronutrients are significantly associated with telomere length, as shown in multiple studies. However, no study has investigated the association between magnesium intake and telomere length in adults with hypertension. METHODS Participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. Dietary magnesium intake was assessed using the 24 - hour recall method and the telomere length of leukocytes was measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A multivariate regression model was then used to assess the association between dietary magnesium intake and telomere length in adults with hypertension. RESULTS Our final analysis included 2199 hypertensive adults (46.79% males) with a mean dietary magnesium intake of 254.82±133.47 mg/day. Linear regression, adjusted for race, sex, age, smoking, uric acid, and other variables, showed that every 1 mg increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a 0.20 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.39, p = 0.043) longer telomere length in all participants. In the ≥45 years age group, there was a statistically significant association between the telomere length and dietary magnesium (95% CI: 0.16, 0.63, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that increased magnesium intake is associated with a longer telomere length in hypertensive adults, especially in those ≥45 years of age. However, further research is needed to determine a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- Jianzeng Dong, MD, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China,
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19
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Turner ND, Lupton JR. Dietary Fiber. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2553-2555. [PMID: 34687531 PMCID: PMC8634306 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Turner
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joanne R Lupton
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Güneşliol BE, Karaca E, Ağagündüz D, Acar ZA. Association of physical activity and nutrition with telomere length, a marker of cellular aging: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:674-692. [PMID: 34553645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the population has great social and economic effects because it is characterized by a gradual loss in physiological integrity, resulting in functional decline, thereby loss of ability to move independently. Telomeres, the hallmarks of biological aging, play a protective role in both cell death and aging. Critically short telomeres give rise to a metabolically active cell that is unable to repair damage or divide, thereby leading to aging. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) and nutrition could be associated with telomere length (TL). Indeed, regular PA and healthy nutrition as integral parts of our lifestyle can slow down telomere shortening, thereby delaying aging. In this context, the present comprehensive review summarizes the data from recent literature on the association of PA and nutrition with TL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esen Karaca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Silva GMD, Assumpção DD, Barros MBDA, Barros Filho ADA, Corona LP. [Low intake of dietary fibers among the elderly: 2014/2015 ISACAMP population-based study]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:3865-3874. [PMID: 34468679 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.28252019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to evaluate the prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber intake and associated factors among elderly adults. A cross-sectional population-based study evaluating participants from the Health Survey of the City of Campinas (ISACAMP) was conducted in 2014/2015, with 1,074 elderly individuals (≥60 years). Dietary fiber intake was obtained using a 24-hour recall, and the prevalence of inadequate fibers was estimated according to the cut-off point of the Institute of Medicine (30 g/day for men and 21 g/day for women). The factors evaluated were sociodemographic conditions (sex, age, schooling, income, marital status), health (number of reported diseases) and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption). The prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber intake was 86.6%, being higher in men (RP=1.10), single or divorced (RP=1.09) and physically inactive (PR=1.07). Elderly adults with higher incomes and who reported having 1 to 2 chronic non-communicable diseases had a higher intake of fibers. The high prevalence of inadequate dietary fiber intake in the elderly adults indicates that health and nutrition actions should be developed to ensure adequate dietary intake of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Maria da Silva
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). R. Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Jd. Santa Luiza. 13484-350 Limeira SP Brasil.
| | - Daniela de Assumpção
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP. Campinas SP Brasil
| | | | | | - Ligiana Pires Corona
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). R. Pedro Zaccaria 1300, Jd. Santa Luiza. 13484-350 Limeira SP Brasil.
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Tucker LA. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Telomere Length in a Random Sample of 5448 U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:1415. [PMID: 33922436 PMCID: PMC8146059 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and telomere length was examined using a cross-sectional design and an NHANES random sample of 5448 U.S. adults. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption was assessed using a 24 h recall, and telomere length, an index of cellular aging, was measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Telomere length was linearly related to F&V intake when combined (F = 22.7, p < 0.0001) and also when separated as fruit (F = 7.2, p < 0.0121) or vegetables (F = 15.4, p < 0.0005), after adjusting for covariates. Specifically, telomeres were 27.8 base pairs longer for each 100 g (3.5 ounces) of F&V consumed. Because each additional year of chronological age was associated with telomeres that were 14.9 base pairs shorter, when women and men were analyzed together, results indicated that a 100 g (3.5 oz) per day increment in F&V corresponded with 1.9 years less biological aging. When the 75th percentile of F&V intake was compared to the 25th, the difference was 4.4 years of cellular aging. When separated by sex, fruits and vegetables were both related to telomere length in women, but only vegetable intake was predictive of telomere length in men. In conclusion, evidence based on a random sample of U.S. adults indicates that the more the servings of F&V, the longer telomeres tend to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Tucker
- College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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23
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Gavia-García G, Rosado-Pérez J, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:253. [PMID: 33804844 PMCID: PMC8063797 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A great amount of scientific evidence supports that Oxidative Stress (OxS) can contribute to telomeric attrition and also plays an important role in the development of certain age-related diseases, among them the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by clinical and biochemical alterations such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and insulin resistance, all of which are considered as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated in turn with an increase of OxS. In this sense, we review scientific evidence that supports the association between OxS with telomere length (TL) dynamics and the relationship with MetS components in aging. It was analysed whether each MetS component affects the telomere length separately or if they all affect it together. Likewise, this review provides a summary of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase, the mechanisms of telomeric DNA repair, how telomere length may influence the fate of cells or be linked to inflammation and the development of age-related diseases, and finally, how the lifestyles can affect telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (J.R.-P.); (T.L.A.-U.)
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Saint-Criq V, Lugo-Villarino G, Thomas M. Dysbiosis, malnutrition and enhanced gut-lung axis contribute to age-related respiratory diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101235. [PMID: 33321253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Older people are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or lung infections. Susceptibility to these diseases is partly due to the intrinsic ageing process, characterized by genomic, cellular and metabolic hallmarks and immunosenescence, and is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Importantly, in the lungs, ageing is also associated with a dysbiosis and loss of resilience of the resident microbiota and alterations of the gut-lung axis. Notably, as malnutrition is often observed in the elderly, nutrition is one of the most accessible modifiable factors affecting both senescence and microbiota. This article reviews the changes affecting the lung and its resident microbiota during ageing, as well as the interconnections between malnutrition, senescence, microbiota, gut-lung axis and respiratory health. As the communication along the gut-lung axis becomes more permissive with ageing, this review also explores the evidence that the gut and lung microbiota are key players in the maintenance of healthy lungs, and as such, are potential targets for nutrition-based preventive strategies against lung disease in elderly populations.
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25
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Nguyen LM, Chon JJ, Kim EE, Cheng JC, Ebersole JL. Biological Aging and Periodontal Disease: Analysis of NHANES (2001-2002). JDR Clin Trans Res 2021; 7:145-153. [PMID: 33605165 DOI: 10.1177/2380084421995812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by multiple potential contributing factors such as bacterial biofilm infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth and environmental determinants and a dysregulated host response for modifying and resolving the inflammation. Because periodontal disease is a major public health concern with substantial increases in the prevalence and severity in aging populations, previous studies of periodontitis tended to approach the disease as an age-associated outcome across the life span. However, few investigations have considered that, as a chronic noncommunicable disease, periodontitis may not simply be a disease that increases with age but may contribute to more rapid biologic aging. OBJECTIVES Increasing population data supports the potential disconnect between chronological aging and biologic aging, which would contribute to the heterogeneity of aging phenotypes within chronologic ages across populations. Thus, our aim was to test whether periodontal disease affects biological aging across the life span. METHODS The prevalence of periodontitis in the adult US population is a portion of the assessment of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which has been ongoing since 1971 through 2-y cycles sampling populations across the country. We used NHANES 2001-2002 to test the hypothesis that the presence/severity of periodontal disease as an exposure variable would negatively affect telomere length, a measure of biological aging, and that this relationship is modified by factors that also affect the progression of periodontitis, such as sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking. RESULTS The data demonstrated a significant impact of periodontitis on decreasing telomere lengths across the life span. These differences were modulated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking within the population. CONCLUSION The findings lay the groundwork for future studies documenting broader effects on biological aging parameters as well as potential intervention strategies for periodontitis in driving unhealthy aging processes. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease and dysregulated host response. Shortening of telomeres is a reflection of biologic aging. Decreased telomere lengths with periodontitis are seemingly related to chronic infection and persistent local and systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that periodontitis is not simply a disease of aging but may also transmit chronic systemic signals that could affect more rapid biological aging. Clinicians can use this outcome to recognize the role of periodontitis in driving unhealthy aging processes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - J J Chon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - E E Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - J C Cheng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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26
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Mizuno Y, Konishi S, Goto C, Yoshinaga J, Hidaka M, Imai H. Association between nutrient intake and telomere length in Japanese female university students. Biomarkers 2021; 26:138-145. [PMID: 33393836 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1871409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere length can be a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation indicating biological aging. Previous studies examined association of nutrient intake with telomere length targeting middle-aged and elderly individuals. This study examined whether dietary macro- and micronutrient intake was associated with telomere length in young females. METHODS Seventy-four Japanese young females (median (interquartile range) age was 19 (19 - 20) years) participated. We estimated their intake of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, essential elements, vitamins, fatty acids, and dietary fibre) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and measured telomere length (T/S ratio, the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single-copy gene number (S)) of DNA extracted from blood by qPCR. The association between telomere length and tertiles of nutrient intake were analysed. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) of telomere length was 0.70 (0.52 - 0.98). Vitamin A intake was positively associated with telomere length (tertile 1 vs. 2, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.42 [0.12, 0.71]; tertile 1 vs. 3, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.33 [0.04, 0.62]) after adjusting for covariates (age, BMI, passive smoking, and drinking). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variation in vitamin A intake might influence telomere attrition in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mikie Hidaka
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Imai
- Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Liu X, Liu X, Shi Q, Fan X, Qi K. Association of telomere length and telomerase methylation with n-3 fatty acids in preschool children with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:24. [PMID: 33413203 PMCID: PMC7788823 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres play a crucial role in cellular survival and its length is a predictor for onset of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies on association between telomeres and obesity in children have brought discrepant results and the underlying mechanisms and influential factors are to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate changes in telomere length and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) DNA methylation, and further to determine their correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preschool children with obesity. METHODS Forty-six preschool children with obesity aged 3 to 4 years were included in the study, with equal numbers of age- and gender-matched children with normal weight as control. Leukocyte telomere length was determined by the ratio of telomeric product and single copy gene obtained using real-time qPCR. DNA methylation of TERT promoter was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. Fatty acids in erythrocytes were measured by gas chromatography with a total of 15 fatty acids analyzed. The total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), total n-6 PUFAs, total n-3 PUFAs, and the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were calculated. Then the correlation between leukocyte telomere length, TERT promoter methylation and fatty acids was determined. RESULTS In preschool children with obesity, leukocyte telomeres were shortened and had a negative association with the body mass index. The methylated fractions in 13 of 25 CpG sites in the TERT promoter were increased by approximately 3 to 35% in the children with obesity compared to the normal weight children. Erythrocyte lauric acid and total SFAs, lenoleic acid and total n-6 PUFAs were higher, and DHA was lower in the children with obesity than those in the children with normal weight. Correlative analysis showed that leukocyte telomere length had a positive association with total SFAs and DHA, and a negative association with the AA/DHA ratio. However, no association between erythrocyte DHA and the TERT promoter methylation was found. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the reduced body DHA content and increased AA/DHA ratio may be associated with shortened leukocyte telomeres in child obesity, which is probably not involved in the TERT promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qiaoyu Shi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kemin Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Association between appendicular skeletal muscle index and leukocyte telomere length in adults: A study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3470-3478. [PMID: 33309414 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with shorter telomeres. The loss of muscle mass with aging is associated with adverse outcomes. The appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) is currently used to quantify muscle mass. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association of the ASMI with leukocyte telomere length in adult Americans. METHODS This cross-sectional study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 dataset. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass was defined using sex-specific thresholds of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). The telomere-to-single-copy gene ratio (T/S ratio) was converted to base pairs. Generalized linear models were performed to evaluate the association of ASMI with telomere length. RESULTS In multivariable adjustment regression models, higher ASMI was associated with longer telomeres in US adults (β = 70.2, P < 0.001, P trend<0.001). In participants with preserved muscle mass, the ASMI was related to longer telomere length (β = 75.1, P < 0.001), but not significantly in low muscle mass participants (β = 68.7, P = 0.30). Further subgroup analysis by a combination of age groups and muscle mass status showed positive association with young-preserved muscle mass (β = 82.6, P < 0.001), old-preserved muscle mass (β = 44.4, P = 0.12), young-low muscle mass (β = 135.4, P = 0.20), and old-low muscle mass (β = 52.7, P = 0.55). Because each additional year of chronological age was associated with telomeres that were 15.3 base pairs shorter, on average, this would equate to 5.4 fewer years of biological aging (82.6 ÷ 15.3) in the young-preserved muscle mass participants. CONCLUSIONS A higher ASMI is associated with longer telomeres. The prevention of skeletal muscle loss has the potential to delay telomere shortening and account for less biological aging.
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Shu Y, Wu M, Yang S, Wang Y, Li H. Association of dietary selenium intake with telomere length in middle-aged and older adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3086-3091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Nudelman KNH, Lin J, Lane KA, Nho K, Kim S, Faber KM, Risacher SL, Foroud TM, Gao S, Davis JW, Weiner MW, Saykin AJ. Telomere Shortening in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:33-43. [PMID: 31322561 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although shorter telomeres have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is unclear whether longitudinal change in telomere length is associated with AD progression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of telomere length change with AD diagnosis and progression. METHODS In 653 individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort, T/S ratio (telomere versus single copy gene), a proxy of telomere length, was measured for up to five visits per participant (N = 1918 samples post-QC) using quantitative PCR (qPCR). T/S ratio was adjusted for batch effects and DNA storage time. A mixed effects model was used to evaluate association of telomere length with AD diagnostic group and interaction of age and diagnosis. Another mixed effects model was used to compare T/S ratio changes pre- to post-conversion to MCI or AD to telomere change in participants with stable diagnoses. RESULTS Shorter telomeres were associated with older age (Effect Size (ES) = -0.23) and male sex (ES = -0.26). Neither baseline T/S ratio (ES = -0.036) nor T/S ratio change (ES = 0.046) differed significantly between AD diagnostic groups. MCI/AD converters showed greater, but non-significant, telomere shortening compared to non-converters (ES = -0.186). CONCLUSIONS Although AD compared to controls showed small, non-significant effects for baseline T/S ratio and T/S ratio shortening, we did observe a larger, though still non-significant effect for greater telomere shortening in converters compared to non-converters. Although our results do not support telomere shortening as a robust biomarker of AD progression, further investigation in larger samples and for subgroups of participants may be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N H Nudelman
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Lane
- Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY, USA
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justin W Davis
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Radiology, San Francisco VA Medical Center/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Sanchez-Morate E, Gimeno-Mallench L, Stromsnes K, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Parejo-Pedrajas S, Inglés M, Olaso G, Gambini J, Mas-Bargues C. Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E287. [PMID: 32823858 PMCID: PMC7460310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to medical advances and lifestyle changes, population life expectancy has increased. For this reason, it is important to achieve healthy aging by reducing the risk factors causing damage and pathologies associated with age. Through nutrition, one of the pillars of health, we are able to modify these factors through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The Mediterranean and Oriental diets are proof of this, as well as the components present in them, such as fiber and polyphenols. These generate beneficial effects on the body thanks, in part, to their interaction with intestinal bacteria. Likewise, the low consumption of products with high fat content favors the state of the microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sanchez-Morate
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Sergi Parejo-Pedrajas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gloria Olaso
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
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Galiè S, Canudas S, Muralidharan J, García-Gavilán J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Impact of Nutrition on Telomere Health: Systematic Review of Observational Cohort Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:576-601. [PMID: 31688893 PMCID: PMC7231592 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, but also in a lower total mortality and longer life expectancy. One of the mechanisms in which diet can reduce the risk of disease is with regard to its impact on telomeres. Telomere length (TL) is highly correlated to chronological age and metabolic status. Individuals with shorter telomeres are at higher risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Diet may influence TL by several mechanisms such as regulating oxidative stress and inflammation or modulating epigenetic reactions. The present systematic review aims to examine the results from epidemiologic and clinical trials conducted in humans evaluating the role of nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns on TL. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of action that influence this process, with the perspective that TL could be a novel biomarker indicating the risk of metabolic disturbances and age-related diseases. The available evidence suggests that some antioxidant nutrients, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and Mediterranean diet are mainly associated with longer telomeres. However, most of the evidence is based on high heterogenic observational studies and very few randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Therefore, the associations summarized in the present review need to be confirmed with larger prospective cohort studies and better-designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galiè
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Canudas
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jananee Muralidharan
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Gavilán
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to MB (e-mail: )
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, IISPV, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JS-S (e-mail: )
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Ock J, Kim J, Choi YH. Organophosphate insecticide exposure and telomere length in U.S. adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:135990. [PMID: 31905589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate insecticides have been widely used for >30 years, and are reported to be associated with various age-related chronic diseases. While shortening of telomere length has been considered as a marker of cellular aging, only a few small studies have been conducted to examine any difference of telomere length in workers exposed to organophosphates versus controls. Epidemiologic studies of the dose-response associations between environmental organophosphate exposure and telomere length in the general population are few. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of organophosphate insecticide exposure and telomere length in the general population. METHODS We analyzed data for 1724 participants aged 20 years or more from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Organophosphate insecticide exposure was estimated using measures of urinary concentrations for 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) and six non-specific dialkyl phosphate metabolites, e.g., diethyl thiophosphate (DETP). Multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the association between organophosphate exposure and telomere length. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic and physical factors and urinary creatinine, participants in the second quartile for urinary TCPY had 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.10) T/S ratio shorter telomere length than those in the lowest quartile. By contrast, participants in the second and third tertiles of urinary DETP had 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02-0.14) and 0.06 (95% CI, 0.01-0.11) T/S ratio longer telomere length than those in the lowest tertile. For other five metabolites, there was no association with telomere length. CONCLUSIONS Levels of environmental exposures to certain organophosphate insecticides may be linked to altered telomere length in adults in the general population. Although our findings may need to be replicated, we provide the first evidence that environmental exposure to organophosphates may contribute to the alteration of telomere length, which is potentially related to biological aging and to the development of various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Ock
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Tucker LA. Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1026-1035. [PMID: 32175820 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1739896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5-7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry A Tucker
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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35
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Milk Fat Intake and Telomere Length in U.S. Women and Men: The Role of the Milk Fat Fraction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1574021. [PMID: 31772698 PMCID: PMC6855010 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1574021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The associations between milk intake frequency and milk fat consumption and telomere length, an index of biological aging, were studied using an NHANES sample of 5,834 U.S. adults and a cross-sectional design. The milk consumption variables were assessed with the NHANES Diet Behavior and Nutrition questionnaire. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure leukocyte telomere length. Results showed that milk consumption frequency was not related to telomere length; however, there was a strong association between milk fat intake and telomere length. With the sample delimited to milk drinkers only, milk fat intake was linearly and inversely related to telomere length, after adjusting for the covariates (F = 8.6, P = 0.0066). For each 1 percentage point increase in milk fat consumed (e.g., 1% to 2%), adults had more than 4 years of additional biological aging. With milk fat intake divided into 5 categories (i.e., milk abstainers, nonfat, 1%, 2%, and full-fat milk), mean telomere lengths differed across the categories (F = 4.1, P = 0.0093). The mean telomere difference between the extremes of milk fat intake (nonfat vs. full-fat) was 145 base pairs, representing years of additional biological aging for full-fat milk consumers. Effect modification testing indicated that the milk fat and cellular aging association may be partly due to saturated fat intake differences across the milk fat groups. When the sample was delimited to adults reporting only high total saturated fat intake (tertile 3), the milk fat and telomere relationship was strong. However, when the sample was restricted to adults reporting only low saturated fat consumption (tertile 1), there was no relationship between milk fat intake and telomere length. Overall, the findings highlight an association of increased biological aging in U.S. adults who consumed high-fat milk. The results support the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015–2020), which recommend consumption of low-fat milk, but not high-fat milk, as part of a healthy diet.
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Serum and Dietary Folate and Vitamin B 12 Levels Account for Differences in Cellular Aging: Evidence Based on Telomere Findings in 5581 U.S. Adults. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4358717. [PMID: 31687079 PMCID: PMC6800923 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4358717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Folate and vitamin B12 are essential for a variety of metabolic processes. Both micronutrients have been shown to reduce oxidative stress significantly. The present cross-sectional investigation evaluated the association between serum and dietary folate and vitamin B12 levels and leukocyte telomere length, an index of cellular aging influenced by oxidative stress. The study included 5581 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Because participants were randomly selected, results are generalizable to all civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. A blood draw provided DNA and serum folate and B12 information. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure telomere length. The Bio-Rad Quantaphase II folate and vitamin B12 radioassay kit was used to quantify levels of folate and vitamin B12. Dietary folate and vitamin B12 were assessed using a multipass 24 h recall. In some models, age, race, smoking pack-years, alcohol use, body mass index, total physical activity, hours fasted before the blood draw, and diabetes status were employed as covariates to minimize their influence. Findings showed that for each additional year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter, on average (F = 378.8, p < 0.0001). Men had shorter telomeres than women after adjusting for all the covariates (F = 6.8, p = 0.0146). Serum (F = 10.5, p = 0.0030) and dietary (F = 5.0, p = 0.0325) folate concentrations were each linearly related to telomere length in women, but not in men, after controlling for age and race. Serum vitamin B12 and telomere length had a nonsignificant, inverse relationship in women, with age and race controlled (F = 2.8, p = 0.1056), but no relation in men. Dietary vitamin B12 was linearly related to telomere length in women, after adjusting for age and race (F = 4.3, p = 0.0468), but not in men. Overall, evidence indicates that folate and vitamin B12 levels, especially folate, account for meaningful differences in cell aging in women, but not in men.
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Rusu ME, Mocan A, Ferreira ICFR, Popa DS. Health Benefits of Nut Consumption in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E302. [PMID: 31409026 PMCID: PMC6719153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the major risk factor for most chronic disorders. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are two major contributors for cellular senescence, downregulation of stress response pathways with a decrease of protective cellular activity and accumulation of cellular damage, leading in time to age-related diseases. This review investigated the most recent clinical trials and cohort studies published in the last ten years, which presented the influence of tree nut and peanut antioxidant diets in preventing or delaying age-related diseases in middle-aged and elderly subjects (≥55 years old). Tree nut and peanut ingestion has the possibility to influence blood lipid count, biochemical and anthropometric parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers, thereby positively affecting cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, cancers, and cognitive disorders, mainly through the nuts' healthy lipid profile and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of actions. Clinical evidence and scientific findings demonstrate the importance of diets characterized by a high intake of nuts and emphasize their potential in preventing age-related diseases, validating the addition of tree nuts and peanuts in the diet of older adults. Therefore, increased consumption of bioactive antioxidant compounds from nuts clearly impacts many risk factors related to aging and can extend health span and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Laboratory of Chromatography, ICHAT, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Cold parenting is associated with cellular aging in offspring: A retrospective study. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:142-149. [PMID: 31014776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress is a known risk factor for diseases and premature death. We tested whether parenting style impacts telomere length (TL), a cellular aging biomarker. METHODS Information on parents' style of parenting was obtained from 199 participants in the Adventist Health Study-1 (AHS-1) who 27+ years later also enrolled in the AHS-2 where blood was collected for relative TL (rTL) assessment. RESULTS Subjects describing their mothers' parenting style as cold had on average 25% smaller rTL compared to subjects not reporting a cold mother (1.89 vs 2.53). This association was greatest among those with less education, and those who stayed overweight/obese or put on weight during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These results support previous findings that early life stress may have health implications by promoting cellular aging, and expands these stressors to include cold parenting during an individuals' formative years. Higher education and normal weight seem to provide some resilience.
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Nutrition Risk is Associated with Leukocyte Telomere Length in Middle-Aged Men and Women with at Least One Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030508. [PMID: 30818839 PMCID: PMC6471290 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality has been associated with several age-related chronic conditions, but its relationship to telomere length, a biological marker of cellular aging, is unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether overall diet quality was associated with relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) in a sample (n = 96) of nonsmoking middle-aged adults in Appalachia with at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMed), and the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). Peripheral rLTL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations between potentially confounding sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors and the first and fourth rLTL quartile groups were examined using Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests or logistic regression. The relationships between diet quality index scores and rLTL as a continuous variable were analyzed using simple linear regression and multivariate linear models, analogous to linear covariance analyses. The rLTL ranged from 0.46 to 1.49 (mean ± SEM was 1.02 ± 0.18). Smoking history, income level, and cardiovascular health (Life’s Simple 7) were associated with the lowest and highest quartiles of rLTL and were used as covariates. In adjusted and unadjusted models, participants considered “at nutrition risk” by the DST were more likely to have shorter rLTL than those “not at risk or at potential risk” (p = 0.004). However, there was no evidence that adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans or to a Mediterranean diet was associated with rLTL in this sample. Intervention studies are needed to determine if improving the diet quality of those at nutrition risk results in reduced telomere attrition over time.
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Dreher ML. Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1833. [PMID: 30487459 PMCID: PMC6315720 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than 10% of most Western populations consume adequate levels of whole fruits and dietary fiber with typical intake being about half of the recommended levels. Evidence of the beneficial health effects of consuming adequate levels of whole fruits has been steadily growing, especially regarding their bioactive fiber prebiotic effects and role in improved weight control, wellness and healthy aging. The primary aim of this narrative review article is to examine the increasing number of health benefits which are associated with the adequate intake of whole fruits, especially fruit fiber, throughout the human lifecycle. These potential health benefits include: protecting colonic gastrointestinal health (e.g., constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diverticular disease); promoting long-term weight management; reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; defending against colorectal and lung cancers; improving odds of successful aging; reducing the severity of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; enhancing psychological well-being and lowering the risk of depression; contributing to higher bone mineral density in children and adults; reducing risk of seborrheic dermatitis; and helping to attenuate autism spectrum disorder severity. Low whole fruit intake represents a potentially more serious global population health threat than previously recognized, especially in light of the emerging research on whole fruit and fruit fiber health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, Wimberley, 78676 TX, USA.
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