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Shao S, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhang X. Research progress on the role of mindfulness in intervention for adolescent obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1412522. [PMID: 39234508 PMCID: PMC11371582 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1412522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of the increasingly serious background of overweight and obesity rates among adolescents in China, mindfulness, as an emerging therapeutic approach, has shown its unique effectiveness. This article reviewed the research progress of mindfulness in the intervention of adolescent obesity, summarized its effects on improving physiological and psychological indicators, and listed the different options for implementing mindfulness therapy. These studies supported the preliminary effectiveness of mindfulness in the intervention of adolescent obesity, providing a basis for mindfulness to become a new approach for obesity intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Telles S, Gupta A, Sharma SK, Balkrishna A. Volitionally Regulated Breathing with Prolonged Expiration Influences Food Craving and Impulsivity. Complement Med Res 2024; 31:376-389. [PMID: 38955170 DOI: 10.1159/000539618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, an intervention involving volitional slow breathing reduced trait food craving with protective effects on cardiac vagal activity (CVA). Breathing with a low inspiration-to-expiration (i/e) ratio also increases CVA. High CVA was separately associated with low unregulated eating and lesser impulsivity. Hence, the present study assessed breathing with a low i/e for effects on state food craving, hunger and satiety, state impulsivity, and heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy obese persons. METHODS Forty obese persons were randomized to two groups. The intervention group (mean age ± SD, 41.15 ± 12.63, M:F, 10:10) practiced metronome-regulated breathing with low i/e at 12 breaths per minute (expiration 72% of total breath duration) and attained expiration 55.8% of total breath duration, while the active control group (mean age ± SD, 44.45 ± 11.06, M:F, 13:07) sat motionless and directed their gaze and awareness to the stationary metronome without modifying their breath consciously. The HRV was recorded before, during, and after breathing intervention (or control) (standard limb lead I, acquisition at 2,000 Hz, with an LF filter = 0.5 Hz and HF filter = 50 Hz). Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters were obtained with Kubios software. State food craving, and hunger and satiety were recorded before and after the intervention/control. RESULTS The intervention group decreased total state food craving scores and the sub-domains (i.e., desire to eat, positive reinforcement, lack of control and hunger), increased current satisfaction with food, decreased total state impulsivity (repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05 in all cases), increased HF-HRV and RMSSD (linear mixed model analyses with age and gender as fixed factors; p < 0.05 in all cases) during the intervention compared to the preceding baseline. The intervention group also showed an increase in positive mood and a decrease in aroused and negative mood states. CONCLUSION Changes in state food craving and impulsivity could be related to an increase in HRV or to changes in subjective relaxation and positive mood or to both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ami Gupta
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, India
- Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | | | - Acharya Balkrishna
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, India
- Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
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Zagaria A, Fiori V, Vacca M, Lombardo C, Pariante CM, Ballesio A. Inflammation as a mediator between adverse childhood experiences and adult depression: A meta-analytic structural equation model. J Affect Disord 2024; 357:85-96. [PMID: 38677656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) confers a higher risk of developing depression in adulthood, yet the mediation of inflammation remains under debate. To test this model, we conducted a systematic review and two-stage structural equation modelling meta-analysis of studies reporting correlations between ACEs before age 18, inflammatory markers and depression severity in adulthood. Scopus, Pubmed, Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched up to 2 October 2023. Twenty-two studies reporting data on C-reactive protein (CRP, n = 12,935), interleukin-6 (IL-6, n = 4108), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, n = 2256) and composite measures of inflammation (n = 1674) were included. Unadjusted models revealed that CRP (β = 0.003, 95 % LBCI 0.0002 to 0.0068), IL-6 (β = 0.003, 95 % LBCI 0.001 to 0.006), and composite inflammation (β = 0.009, 95 % LBCI 0.004 to 0.018) significantly mediated the association between ACEs and adult depression. The mediation effects no longer survived after adjusting for BMI; however, a serial mediation model revealed that BMI and IL-6 sequentially mediated the association between ACEs and depression (β = 0.002, 95 % LBCI 0.0005 to 0.0046), accounting for 14.59 % and 9.94 % of the variance of IL-6 and depressive symptoms, respectively. Due to the cross-sectional nature of assessment of inflammation and depression findings should be approached with caution; however, results suggest that complex interactions of psychoneuroimmunological and metabolic factors underlie the association between ACEs and adulthood depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fiori
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Vacca
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Delahunt A, Killeen SL, O'Brien EC, Geraghty AA, O'Reilly SL, McDonnell CM, Cushion R, Mehegan J, McAuliffe FM. Stability of child appetitive traits and association with diet quality at 5 years and 9-11 years old: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:607-614. [PMID: 38575724 PMCID: PMC11230891 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored change in child appetitive traits from 5 to 9-11 years old and examined associations between appetitive traits at both timepoints and child diet quality. METHODS This is secondary analyses of the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study, including mother-child dyads from the 5 and 9-11-year old follow-up. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire measured child appetitive traits, with 167 children having matched data for both timepoints. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) measured diet quality. Linear mixed models and multiple linear regression were completed. RESULTS Mean (SD) score for 'Emotional Overeating' (1.63 (0.51) vs. 1.99 (0.57), p = <0.001) and 'Enjoyment of Food' (3.79 (0.72) vs. 3.98 (0.66), p = <0.001) increased from 5 to 9-11 years. Mean score for 'Desire to Drink' (2.63 (0.94) vs. 2.45 (0.85), p = 0.01), 'Satiety Responsiveness (3.07 (0.66) vs. 2.71 (0.66), p = <0.001), 'Slowness Eating' (3.02 (0.77) vs. 2.64 (0.78), p = <0.001), and 'Food Fussiness' (3.00 (1.04) vs. 2.81 (0.96), p = 0.001) decreased. At 5-years-old, 'Food Responsiveness' and 'Enjoyment of Food' were positively associated with HEI and 'Desire to Drink', 'Satiety Responsiveness' and 'Food Fussiness' were negatively associated with HEI. At 9-11-years, 'Enjoyment of Food' was positively and 'Desire to Drink' and 'Food 'Fussiness' were negatively associated with HEI. CONCLUSIONS Food approach appetitive traits increased over time, whereas food avoidant appetitive traits tended to decrease. At both time points 'Food Fussiness' and 'Desire to Drink" were inversely associated with HEI. Further research on how appetitive traits track over childhood and how this relates to dietary quality and weight is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Delahunt
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Louise Killeen
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eileen C O'Brien
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Biological, Health and Sport Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sharleen L O'Reilly
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Ciara M McDonnell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Health Ireland Temple St & Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosemary Cushion
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Demir Kösem D, Demir Ş, Bektaş M. The effect of middle and high school students' emotional eating behavior on obesity. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:e257-e262. [PMID: 38658305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to determine the effect of middle and high school students' emotional eating behavior on obesity. METHOD A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study design was used. The sample consisted of 267 students studying in 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. Data were collected using a Child Information Form and the Emotional Eating Scale. The researchers measured the students' height and weight and calculated their body mass indices (BMI), and BMI percentiles were evaluated according to age and gender. Percentage calculations, mean scores, Spearman correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS Of the students participating in the study, 54.7% were girl and 45.3% were boy. It was determined that 28.4% of the students were overweight and obese. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was determined that students' emotional eating behavior explained 25% of obesity (p < 0.001). It was found that anxiety-anger- frustration, one of the subscales of the emotional eating scale, was the only variable that significantly predicted students' obesity status (β = 0.387). Emotional eating significantly predicted the obesity status of boy and girl students (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, it was concluded that students' emotional eating behavior affected obesity. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In line with these results, it is recommended that studies on other variables that may predict the effect of students' emotional eating behavior on obesity should be conducted and that nurses should contact schools to conduct emotional eating behavior screenings and provide emotional eating education for students who exhibit emotional eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Demir Kösem
- Hakkari University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Hakkari, Turkey.
| | - Şenay Demir
- Selcuk University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Inciraltı, Izmir, Turkey.
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Debeuf T, Verbeken S, Boelens E, Volkaert B, Tanghe A, Michels N, Braet C. Emotion Regulation Training as an Add-on in the Treatment of Obesity in Young Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial. Behav Ther 2024; 55:839-855. [PMID: 38937054 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In an inpatient treatment center for pediatric obesity, the effectiveness of an emotion regulation (ER) training on top of the multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT) was tested by means of an RCT. The ER training was evaluated on primary outcomes: ER and emotional eating, and secondary outcomes: well-being and weight loss, taking into account pre, post, and follow-up measurements. Of the 115 10- to-14-year old adolescents with obesity (52.2% girls), 65 were allocated to the ER training. Physicians measured their height and weight objectively (4 times). Participants also filled out questionnaires on ER competencies (ER abilities and ER strategies), emotional eating and well-being (3 times). Significant pre-post interactions were found for "emotional awareness," "problem solving," and "evoking a positive mood." Moreover, the positive effects of the ER training on emotion regulation strategies were maintained at follow-up. Concerning well-being, no significant pre-post interaction effects were found but a significant interaction effect was found when comparing pre with follow-up. Analyses show a significant main effect of time on weight loss, but this was not qualified by a Time × Condition interaction effect. The current RCT study shows limited but promising effects of adding an ER training to the MOT. Further research should investigate whether the positive short-term effects will be maintained.
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Lucibello KM, Gohari MR, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Factors associated with prospective changes in weight control intentions among adolescents. J Adolesc 2024; 96:953-968. [PMID: 38402411 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examined predictors of negative changes in weight control intentions from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents. METHODS Participants were Canadian secondary school students enrolled in the COMPASS study and had completed self-report surveys before (T1; 2018/2019 and/or 2019/2020 school year) and during (T2; 2020/2021 and/or 2021/2022) the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 11,869, Mage ± SD = 13.79 years old ± 1.15, 52.89% girls, 45.30% boys, 1.81% gender diverse). Demographic, interpersonal, behavioral, and psychological predictors of weight control intention change from T1 (stay the same weight, not doing anything about weight) to T2 (lose weight, gain weight) were tested using multilevel logistic regressions. RESULTS Over one-third (37.0%) of adolescents who reported wanting to stay the same weight at T1 changed their intention to lose or gain weight at T2, as did 28.5% of adolescents who reported not wanting to do anything about their weight at T1. Changing weight control intention from "not doing anything about weight" at T1 to weight gain/loss at T2 was associated with resistance training, emotion dysregulation, bullying, social media use, and gender. Changing weight control intention from "stay the same weight" at T1 to weight gain/loss at T2 was associated with gender, perceived financial comfort, social media use, and flourishing. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the prevalence of maladaptive weight control intention changes among adolescents, and elucidate related behavioral, interpersonal, demographic, and psychological factors. Findings can inform targeted intervention and prevention strategies to disrupt maladaptive changes in weight control intentions among high-risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Lucibello
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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Spinner H, Thompson KA, Bauman V, Lavender JM, Thorstad I, Schrag R, Sbrocco T, Schvey NA, Ford B, Ford C, Wilfley DE, Jorgensen S, Klein DA, Quinlan J, Yanovski JA, Haigney M, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Emotional dysregulation moderates the relation between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1609-1615. [PMID: 38600832 PMCID: PMC11262967 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent children of US service members (i.e., military-dependent youth) face unique stressors that increase risk for various forms of disinhibited eating, including emotional eating. Difficulties with adaptively responding to stress and aversive emotions may play an important role in emotional eating. This study examined emotion dysregulation as a potential moderator of the association between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents. METHOD Participants were military-dependent youth (N = 163, 57.7% female, Mage = 14.5 ± 1.6, MBMI-z = 1.9 ± 0.4) at risk for adult binge-eating disorder and high weight enrolled in a randomized controlled prevention trial. Prior to intervention, participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress and emotional eating. Parents completed a questionnaire assessing their adolescent's emotion dysregulation. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS and adjusted for theoretically relevant sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The interaction between adolescent perceived stress and emotion dysregulation (parent-reported about the adolescent) in relation to adolescent emotional eating was found to be significant, such that higher emotion dysregulation magnified the association between perceived stress and emotional eating (p = .010). Examination of simple slopes indicated that associations between perceived stress and emotional eating were strongest for youth with above-average emotion dysregulation, and non-significant for youth with average or below-average emotion dysregulation. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that greater emotion dysregulation may increase risk for emotional eating in response to stress among military-dependent youth at risk for binge-eating disorder or high weight. Improving emotion regulation skills may be a useful target for eating disorder prevention among youth who are at risk for emotional eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Prior research has shown that adolescent military dependents are at increased risk for eating disorders and high weight. The current study found that emotion dysregulation moderated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating among military-dependent youth. There may be clinical utility in intervening on emotion regulation for adolescent dependents at particular risk for emotional eating and subsequent eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Spinner
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Katherine A. Thompson
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Viviana Bauman
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA
| | - Isabel Thorstad
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Ruby Schrag
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, USA
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Ford
- Department of Family Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, USA
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sarah Jorgensen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, USA
| | - David A. Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, USU, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, USU, USA
| | - Jeffrey Quinlan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Mark Haigney
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, USA
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Baykan H, Altunöz S, Can MŞ. Effect of obesity on mood regulation and eating attitudes in mental disorders. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20231055. [PMID: 38655999 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The precise relationship between obesity and eating habits, attitudes, and emotion regulation is still ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations among body mass index, challenges related to managing emotions, and attitudes toward eating among adult participants with known psychiatric diagnoses. METHODS The body mass indices of participants were calculated, and data on eating styles were collected using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. The level of difficulty in managing emotions was evaluated using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. RESULTS The research findings indicated a meaningful positive association. An observation was made between body mass index and results from the Eating Attitude Test-40, as well as the restrained eating subdimension of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Conversely, a meaningful reverse relationship was identified between the scores of the "strategies" subdimension of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. No meaningful differences in eating attitudes and emotion regulation were found between non-obese and obese patients. CONCLUSION While a partial and meaningful correlation was observed among body mass index, eating attitudes, and emotion regulation difficulties, it is suggested that factors such as patients' age, disease duration, current body mass index, and the simultaneous presence of depression and anxiety should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Baykan
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Mental Health and Diseases - Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Sinan Altunöz
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Mental Health and Diseases - Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Merve Şahin Can
- Balikesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Mental Health and Diseases - Balıkesir, Turkey
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Duarte A, Martins S, Lopes L, Silva MJ, Augusto C, Santos R, Rosário R. Is the association between sleep and socio-emotional development mediated by weight in toddlers aged 12 to 36 months? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190081. [PMID: 38125855 PMCID: PMC10731978 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood is an important stage for socio-emotional development. Understanding the associations of lifestyle habits with the healthy development of social and emotional skills is crucial for better interventions early in life. This study aims to analyze the association between sleep and socio-emotional development in toddlers aged 12 to 36 months and examine whether weight mediated these associations. Methods This study is part of a cluster randomized controlled trial developed in Portuguese childcare centers. A sample of 344 children (176 females) enrolled in the study. Participants' anthropometrics were measured while at childcare centers using standardized procedures. Body mass index (BMI) was computed as the body weight/height2 (kg/m2) ratio. Sleep quality was collected with the Tayside Children's Sleep Questionnaire, a 10-item scale that evaluates the child's ability to initiate and maintain sleep. Two additional questions regarding sleep duration were added. Parental questionnaires assessed the child's sex and date of birth, socioeconomic status, and total energy intake (TEI). Motor (fine and gross) was assessed using Bayley-III scales and socio-emotional (SE) by the Greenspan Social-Emotional Growth Chart questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between sleep (duration and quality) and SE with adjustments for sex, age, BMI, mothers' education, motor development, and TEI. Mediation analysis was conducted using path analysis. Results SE development was significantly associated with nighttime sleep duration even when adjusted for confounders (β = 0.223; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.004 and β = 0.168; 0.0003, 0.003; respectively). Sleep quality was not significantly associated with SE development, and the weight did not explain the associations between sleep and SE development. Conclusion This study supports that sleep duration is directly associated with SE development in toddlers. From a public health perspective, sleep duration should be prioritized in intervention programs to improve socio-emotional development early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Duarte
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), School of Nursing of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), Institution of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Silvana Martins
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), School of Nursing of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Silva
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), School of Nursing of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Nursing Research Centre, School of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Augusto
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), School of Nursing of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Nursing Research Centre, School of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), Institution of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), School of Nursing of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), Institution of Education, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Nursing Research Centre, School of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- School of Nursing, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Kulisch LK, Arumäe K, Briley DA, Vainik U. Triangulating causality between childhood obesity and neurobehavior: Behavioral genetic and longitudinal evidence. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13392. [PMID: 36950909 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious health concern that is not yet fully understood. Previous research has linked obesity with neurobehavioral factors such as behavior, cognition, and brain morphology. The causal directions of these relationships remain mostly untested. We filled this gap by using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study cohort comprising 11,875 children aged 9-10. First, correlations between the age- and sex-specific 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95) and neurobehavioral measures were cross-sectionally analyzed. Effects were then aggregated by neurobehavioral domain for causal analyses. Behavioral genetic Direction of Causation modeling was used to test the direction of each relationship. Findings were validated by longitudinal cross-lagged panel modeling. %BMIp95 correlated with impulsivity, motivation, psychopathology, eating behavior, and cognitive tests (executive functioning, language, memory, perception, working memory). Greater %BMIp95 was also associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal and temporal brain areas but with increased thickness in parietal and occipital areas. Similar although weaker patterns emerged for cortical surface area and volume. Behavioral genetic modeling suggested causal effects of %BMIp95 on eating behavior (β = 0.26), cognition (β = 0.05), cortical thickness (β = 0.15), and cortical surface area (β = 0.07). Personality/psychopathology (β = 0.09) and eating behavior (β = 0.16) appeared to influence %BMIp95. Longitudinal evidence broadly supported these findings. Results regarding cortical volume were inconsistent. Results supported causal effects of obesity on brain functioning and morphology. The present study highlights the importance of physical health for brain development and may inform interventions aimed at preventing or reducing pediatric obesity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A continuous measure related to obesity, %BMIp95, has correlations with various measures of brain functioning and structure Behavioral genetic and longitudinal modeling suggest causal links from personality, psychopathology, and eating behavior to %BMIp95 Results also indicate directional links from %BMIp95 to eating behavior, cognition, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area Obesity may play a role for healthy brain development during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Konstantin Kulisch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Wilhem Wundt Institute for Pschology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kadri Arumäe
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Daniel A Briley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Uku Vainik
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Dol A, van Gemert-Pijnen L, Schwartz LM, Velthuijsen H, Bode C. Exploring tailored virtual emotion regulation approaches for individuals with emotional eating. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37573369 PMCID: PMC10422816 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating is a complex problem fostering obesity and resulting from maladaptive emotion regulation. Traditional behavioural weight loss interventions have shown insignificant effect. They can be improved by targeting the specific needs of individuals with emotional eating. OBJECTIVE The current study explored a tailored online approach with the aim to positively influence affect (positive and negative) and emotion regulation by applying one of three exercises: body scan, opposite action, and positive reappraisal. DESIGN An embedded mixed-method design (questionnaire data (t0, t1, t2) and perceived usefulness of exercises in t2) was used to evaluate the effects of a two-week online quasi-experimental pilot study. SUBJECTS/SETTING In total, 80 participants with self-reported emotional eating difficulties (DEBQ-E; Memo = 3.48, SD = .64, range 1.62-4.92) finished baseline measurements; 15 completed the intervention. The study sample was predominantly female (95%), from 18 till 66 (Mage = 38,0 ± SD = 14.25). RESULTS Participants reported that the exercises helped them to pay attention to their physical sensations, and to see positive aspects in negative matters. The exercises were considered difficult by the participants, with too little explanation, and dull, due to minor variation. The observed changes revealed small, and moreover, not significant improvements of the three exercises on positive and negative affect and overall emotion dysregulation. Although the quantitative results did not reach significance, the qualitative data highlighted which aspects of the tailored exercises may have contributed to mood and emotion regulation outcomes. A notable observation in the present study is the substantial dropout rate, with the number of participants decreasing from 80 at baseline (T0) to 15 at the post-intervention stage (T2). CONCLUSIONS Future studies should identify tailored online exercises in emotion regulation skills in more detail and explore the contexts in which they are most effective in a personalized virtual coach virtual coach to be developed for individuals with emotional eating. Given the high dropout rate, more emphasis should be given to a proper presentation of the exercises, as well as more explanation of their usefulness and how to perform them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Dol
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
- Research Group New Business & ICT, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lysanne M. Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Velthuijsen
- Research Group New Business & ICT, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Bode
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
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13
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Joseph PL, Gonçalves C, Fleary SA. Psychosocial correlates in patterns of adolescent emotional eating and dietary consumption. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285446. [PMID: 37224099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy eating behaviors, such as consumption of unhealthy diet and emotional eating, are common in adolescence and tend to co-occur. However, how these behaviors are patterned may vary among adolescents. This study identified patterns of dietary consumption and emotional eating behaviors in adolescents and examined the sociodemographic and psychosocial (e.g., self-efficacy beliefs and motivation) covariates associated with these eating patterns. Data were from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating study. Latent class analysis was used to estimate adolescent dietary patterns from dietary consumption (i.e., fruits, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, junk food, etc.) and emotional eating variables (i.e., eating when feeling sad or anxious). The sample included 1,568 adolescents (Mean age = 14.48-years-old, 49% girls, 55% White). A four-class solution best fit the data (e.g., Bayesian Information Criteria [BIC] = 12263.568, three-class model BIC = 12271.622). Four unhealthy eating behavior patterns were identified: poor diet/high emotional eating, mixed diet/high emotional eating, poor diet/low emotional eating, and mixed diet/low emotional eating. Compared to the poor diet/high emotional eating group, the other groups were less likely to include older adolescents, girls, and adolescents who experienced food insecurity, and more likely to have higher self-efficacy for eating fruits and vegetables and limiting junk foods as well as motivation for consuming fruits and vegetables and limiting junk foods. Our findings highlight adolescents' complex dietary patterns that include dietary consumption and emotional eating behaviors. Future studies should examine other potential dietary patterns that include emotional eating. Efforts to address unhealthy patterns of adolescents' dietary consumption and emotional eating behaviors should be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrece L Joseph
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Carolina Gonçalves
- Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Sasha A Fleary
- Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
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14
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Dollar JM, Perry NB, Calkins SD, Shanahan L, Keane SP, Shriver L, Wideman L. Longitudinal associations between specific types of emotional reactivity and psychological, physical health, and school adjustment. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:509-523. [PMID: 35034683 PMCID: PMC9288564 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using a multimethod, multiinformant longitudinal design, we examined associations between specific forms of positive and negative emotional reactivity at age 5, children's effortful control (EC), emotion regulation, and social skills at age 7, and adolescent functioning across psychological, academic, and physical health domains at ages 15/16 (N = 383). We examined how distinct components of childhood emotional reactivity directly and indirectly predict domain-specific forms of adolescent adjustment, thereby identifying developmental pathways between specific types of emotional reactivity and adjustment above and beyond the propensity to express other forms of emotional reactivity. Age 5 high-intensity positivity was associated with lower age 7 EC and more adolescent risk-taking; age 5 low-intensity positivity was associated with better age 7 EC and adolescent cardiovascular health, providing evidence for the heterogeneity of positive emotional reactivity. Indirect effects indicated that children's age 7 social skills partially explain several associations between age 5 fear and anger reactivity and adolescent adjustment. Moreover, age 5 anger reactivity, low-, and high-intensity positivity were associated with adolescent adjustment via age 7 EC. The findings from this interdisciplinary, long-term longitudinal study have significant implications for prevention and intervention work aiming to understand the role of emotional reactivity in the etiology of adjustment and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Dollar
- Department of Kinesiology and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Nicole B. Perry
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Susan D. Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Department of Psychology and Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich
| | - Susan P. Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Lenka Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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15
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Öz B, Kıvrak AC. Evaluation of depression, anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-esteem in children and adolescents with obesity. Arch Pediatr 2023; 30:226-231. [PMID: 37062655 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric obesity negatively affects many areas of mental health, especially anxiety and depression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of obesity on anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and emotion regulation in children and adolescents. METHODS Our study included 50 children and adolescents aged 11-17 years with a diagnosis of obesity and 48 control participants. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale 1 (PHCSCS) were administered to all participants. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.05) in the analysis of the PHCSCS and RCADS total score; the GAD, PD, SOC, and MDD subscale scores; the DERS total score; the Clarity, Impulse, Strategies, Goals subscale scores; and the RSE Self-Esteem subscale. A significant correlation was found between the PHCSCS, RCADS, DERS, and RSE total scores and some subscale scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of the results, it was determined that children and adolescents with obesity had high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, they had lower self-esteem, and had more difficulties in emotion regulation. Furthermore, those with anxiety and depression symptoms had lower self-esteem, and the children who had problems in emotion regulation also had lower self-esteem. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and difficulties in emotion regulation can negatively affect obesity treatment. Therefore, screening and treatment of these conditions are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Öz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Asil Can Kıvrak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey
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16
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Bi-Directional Associations of Affective States and Diet among Low-Income Hispanic Pregnant Women Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective states play a role in dietary behaviors. Yet, little research has studied within-subjects associations between affect and diet during pregnancy. We examined the acute bidirectional relationships between affect and food intake and moderation by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in low-income, Hispanic pregnant women using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Women (N = 57) completed four days of EMA during their first trimester. Women responded to five random prompts per day about their current affect and past two-hour food intake. Higher positive affect (PA) or lower negative affect (NA) predicted greater likelihood of fruit/vegetable consumption in the next two hours in women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI and lower likelihood in women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Higher PA predicted less likelihood of fast food consumption in the next two hours in women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI and slightly higher likelihood in women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Women with lower pre-pregnancy BMI had higher PA when they reported consuming chips/fries in the past two hours, and women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI had lower PA when they reported consumption of chips/fries in the past two hours. Results showed differential relationships between affect and food intake as a function of pre-pregnancy BMI.
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17
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Hadar-Shoval D, Alon-Tirosh M, Asraf K, Tannous-Haddad L, Tzischinsky O. Lifestyle Changes, Emotional Eating, Gender, and Stress during COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2022; 14:3868. [PMID: 36145243 PMCID: PMC9501635 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating poses health risks. It is associated with adverse weight gain and a higher body mass index and is frequently triggered by stressful situations such as pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic was found to cause stress as well as lifestyle changes of different magnitudes. This study examined the relationship between lifestyle changes and emotional eating by focusing on the moderating effect of gender and COVID-19-related stressors. A total of 1969 respondents completed online questionnaires during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. The questionnaires assessed COVID-19-related lifestyle changes concerning eating habits, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, physical activity, and cigarette smoking, COVID-19-related stressors, and emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire). People with positive and negative COVID-19-related lifestyle changes demonstrated higher emotional eating compared to people with no lifestyle changes. The relationship between lifestyle changes and emotional eating was moderated by gender and COVID-19-related stressors. In conclusion, health officials should consider recommendations about lifestyle changes given to the public in times of unpredictable changes, with special attention to populations at risk of emotional eating. As emotional eating is related to poor emotional regulation skills, public nutrition recommendations should focus on improving these skills rather than adopting better diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Hadar-Shoval
- Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Michal Alon-Tirosh
- Behavioral Sciences Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Kfir Asraf
- Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Lubna Tannous-Haddad
- Behavioral Sciences Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Orna Tzischinsky
- Educational Counseling Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
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18
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Xu K, Zhang Y, Dong W, Tuerxun P, Li C, Chang R, Qi H, Zhang Y, Zhang J. The Mediation Role of Health Behaviors in the Association between Self-Regulation and Weight Status among Preschool Children: A Sex-Specific Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:1692. [PMID: 35565663 PMCID: PMC9104780 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have supported the link between children’s self-regulation (CSR) and weight status, but the potential pathways have not been elucidated yet. We aimed to investigate whether and to what extent health behaviors mediate this association, as well as to explore the sex effect. For this study, we recruited 3740 preschoolers in Wuhan, China. The height and weight of children were measured, and a body mass index of the ≥85th percentile was defined as overweight/obesity (OWO). We used the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, with measured domains including inhibitory control, impulsivity, anger, and attentional focusing, to assess CSR. The primary caregivers’ SR (PSR) was assessed with the Self-Control Scale. Information on lifestyles collected from questionnaires was utilized to construct the health behavior index (HBI). We found that Children’s HBI was associated with both CSR and PSR, inhibitory control (OR = 0.81, p < 0.001), anger (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001), attentional focusing (OR = 0.70, p < 0.001), impulsivity (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001), and PSR (OR = 0.73, p < 0.001). Children’s impulsivity was associated with their OWO (OR = 1.11, p = 0.013) which was partly mediated by the HBI (direct effect: β = 0.092, p = 0.026; indirect effect: β = 0.011, p = 0.007). The sex-specific analysis indicated that this mediation effect was only significant in boys. These results indicated that impulsivity is associated with childhood weight status, which is partially mediated by health behaviors, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, China; (K.X.); (Y.Z.); (W.D.); (P.T.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (H.Q.); (Y.Z.)
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19
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Lanza HI. Weighing the Risk: Developmental Pathways and Processes Underlying Obesity to Substance Use in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:337-354. [PMID: 34490962 PMCID: PMC8897223 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on co-occurring obesity and substance use in adolescence has grown substantially in the past decade, but questions on the pathways and processes underlying co-occurrence remain. This review first synthesizes empirical findings on the relationship between obesity and substance use (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, tobacco use). Multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks referencing behavioral medicine, neuroscience, psychology, and public health are then used to inform an interdisciplinary, conceptual model focused on pathways and processes by which obesity increases risk of substance use. Recommendations for future research underscore the importance of prospective studies that encompass multiple domains of development. Recommendations for practice include family-based interventions that promote adaptive self-regulation, targeted antibullying or victimization interventions, and increased attention by health professionals on risky behavior associated with adolescent obesity.
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20
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Negative affect, childhood adversity, and adolescents' eating following stress. Appetite 2022; 168:105766. [PMID: 34688730 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity commonly emerges by adolescence and is associated with serious health consequences. Emotional eating (consuming calories, fats, and sugars in response to negative affect) may promote obesity; however, evidence is mixed as to whether negative affect increases obesogenic eating. Early-life adversity may shape malleable neurobiological systems that govern inhibitory control, physiological regulation, coping strategies, and eating behavior, contributing to greater obesogenic eating in response to negative affect. Therefore, this study tested whether childhood adversity moderates the association between negative affect and food consumption in a diverse sample of female adolescents. After completing a childhood adversity assessment, 157 female adolescents (13-17 years; 28.7% African American, 39.5% Hispanic/Latina, 31.8% Non-Hispanic White) rated their negative affect in response to a standard social stress paradigm before consuming a buffet lunch, which was evaluated for calories, added sugars, and solid fats consumed. Results did not support that negative affect exerted a main effect on eating behavior. However, negative affect and childhood adversity interacted to predict calories and solid fats consumed, such that negative affect was associated with more obesogenic eating for those with high adversity exposure but not for those with low adversity exposure. Adversity and affect did not interact to predict added sugars consumed. Findings support that eating patterns in response to negative affect may differ by childhood adversity history. Reducing children's adversity exposure and bolstering emotion regulation techniques for adolescents who have been exposed to adversity may provide pathways to protect health and well-being by reducing maladaptive eating patterns.
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21
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Trevino SD, Kelly NR, Budd EL, Giuliani NR. Parent Gender Affects the Influence of Parent Emotional Eating and Feeding Practices on Child Emotional Eating. Front Psychol 2021; 12:654237. [PMID: 34566746 PMCID: PMC8460857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extant research supports a direct association between parent's own emotional eating and their child's emotional eating, and demonstrates correlations among parent emotional eating, feeding practices, and child emotional eating. However, the majority of this work focuses on the separate influences of these factors. The current study aims to add to the literature by simultaneously examining the indirect effects of three major parental feeding practices (i.e., emotion regulation, instrumental, and restrictive feeding) in the association between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating, and exploring how these indirect effects vary based on parent gender. Parents (86 fathers, 324 mothers) of an elementary school-age child (M = 8.35, SD = 2.29, range = 5-13) completed an online survey through Qualtrics Panels. Results suggested that restrictive feeding partially accounted for the association between parent and child emotional eating in the combined sample of mothers and fathers. Exploratory analyses revealed that the indirect effects of parental feeding practices in the association between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating varied based on parent gender. Among mothers, restrictive feeding was the only feeding practice that partially accounted for the association between maternal and child emotional eating, whereas all three feeding practices fully accounted for the association between father and child emotional eating. As the bulk of the literature on parent emotional eating and feeding has solely focused on mothers, these findings offer insight into how feeding practices may differentially function in the relation between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating for mothers versus fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina D. Trevino
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Shaina D. Trevino,
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Budd
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Nicole R. Giuliani
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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22
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Bui C, Lin LY, Wu CY, Chiu YW, Chiou HY. Association between Emotional Eating and Frequency of Unhealthy Food Consumption among Taiwanese Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:2739. [PMID: 34444899 PMCID: PMC8401002 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating is one factor that increases the consumption of unhealthy food. This study aimed to investigate the association between emotional eating and frequencies of consuming fast food, high-fat snacks, processed meat products, dessert foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adolescents. The baseline survey data (2015) from the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study (TAALS) were fitted into multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex, school type, Body Mass Index (BMI), eating while doing something, nutrition label reading, skipping breakfast, smoking, binge drinking, sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, peer and school support, and parental education level. Among the 18,461 participants (48.5% male and 51.5% female), those exhibiting emotional eating were more likely to consume fast food (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.18-2.64), high-fat snacks (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 2.12-2.49), processed meat products (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.78-2.08), dessert foods (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 2.31-2.69), and sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.70-1.98). Factors that were positively associated with unhealthy food consumption included eating while doing other activities, binge drinking, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle. Among all the covariates, nutrition label reading was the only factor that was inversely associated with frequent unhealthy food consumption. Sex and school type may moderate the effect of emotional eating on the frequent consumption of specific unhealthy food groups. In conclusion, adolescents with high emotional eating were more likely to report frequent consumption of unhealthy foods in Taiwan. Our findings showed that male participants appeared to consume fast foods, high-fat snacks, processed meat, and SSBs more often and dessert foods less often than females. Future longitudinal studies are recommended for understanding the causal relationship between emotional eating and unhealthy food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Bui
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Health Communication and Education, Quang Ninh Provincial Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Vietnam, 651 Le Thanh Tong St., Bach Dang Ward, Ha Long 01108, Vietnam
| | - Li-Yin Lin
- Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Mingde Road, Beitou District, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
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23
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Emotion Dysregulation within the CBT-E Model of Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Limbers CA, Summers E. Emotional Eating and Weight Status in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030991. [PMID: 33498603 PMCID: PMC7908385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence that emotional eating is associated with weight gain in adults, less is known about this association in adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the association between emotional eating and weight status in adolescents. This study also sought to describe existing measures of emotional eating in adolescents and explore weight-loss interventions that assessed emotional eating in relation to weight status in this population. METHODS Two independent reviewers searched the database PubMed for published or in press peer-reviewed studies that assessed the association between emotional eating and weight status in adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Studies were excluded from this review if they were not written in the English language, did not include a measure of emotional eating, or were a dissertation study. RESULTS A total of 13 studies met full inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of the six longitudinal studies in the review, only one found a prospective association between emotional eating and weight status. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was the most widely used measure of emotional eating in the systematic review (n = 6; 46.2%). The one intervention study included in this review found that baseline emotional eating was not associated with weight outcomes 2 years following gastric bypass surgery in obese Swedish adolescents (13-18 years). CONCLUSIONS While there were some inconsistent findings across the studies included in this review, taken as a whole, the results largely do not support an association between emotional eating and elevated weight status or reduced weight loss in adolescents.
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Favieri F, Marini A, Casagrande M. Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 33477932 PMCID: PMC7833366 DOI: 10.3390/bs11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Favieri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Marini
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical and Health Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Shriver LH, Dollar JM, Calkins SD, Keane SP, Shanahan L, Wideman L. Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image. Nutrients 2020; 13:E79. [PMID: 33383717 PMCID: PMC7824438 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = -0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = -0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = -1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = -1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka H. Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Jessica M. Dollar
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, UNCG, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
| | - Susan D. Calkins
- Office of Research and Engagement, UNCG, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
| | - Susan P. Keane
- Department of Psychology, UNCG, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, UNCG, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
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Willem C, Gandolphe MC, Doba K, Roussel M, Verkindt H, Pattou F, Nandrino JL. Eating in case of emotion dys-regulation, depression and anxiety: Different pathways to emotional eating in moderate and severe obesity. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12388. [PMID: 32633060 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emotion dys-regulation is thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of emotional eating (EE), notably through its links with anxious and depressive symptoms. AIM: The aims of the study were to: (a) examine the mediating effect of depressive and anxious symptoms on the relationship between emotion dys-regulation and EE in obesity and (b) compare those links with various degrees of obesity severity. One hundred and twenty patients with obesity, including 60 with "n" (MO) (30 ≤ BMI < 40) and 60 with "severe obesity" (SO) (BMI > 40), completed self-report measures of emotion dys-regulation, depression, anxiety and EE. Partial least square structural equation modelling and multi-group analyses were performed. Emotion dys-regulation was found to be significantly associated with EE only when the severity of obesity was taken into account. In addition, although the MO and SO groups reported similar levels of emotional and eating disorders, significant differences were found between the groups in pathways leading to EE. In MO, emotion dys-regulation was only associated with more EE through more anxiety. In SO, emotion dys-regulation was both directly and indirectly associated with more EE, but only through more depression in the latter. Emotion dys-regulation, anxiety and depression do not have the same impact on EE depending on the severity of obesity. Psychotherapeutic interventions should aim at reducing emotion dys-regulation in obesity from MO onwards, but the focus should be on the management of anxiety-related affects in MO and depression-related affects in SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Willem
- SCALab - Cognitive and Affective Sciences (UMR 9193), Department of psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Gandolphe
- SCALab - Cognitive and Affective Sciences (UMR 9193), Department of psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karyn Doba
- SCALab - Cognitive and Affective Sciences (UMR 9193), Department of psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Méline Roussel
- Diabetology Center - CETRADIMN, Roubaix Hospital, Roubaix, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- SCALab - Cognitive and Affective Sciences (UMR 9193), Department of psychology, University of Lille, Lille, France
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28
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Cotter EW, Hornack SE, Fotang JP, Pettit E, Mirza NM. A pilot open-label feasibility trial examining an adjunctive mindfulness intervention for adolescents with obesity. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:79. [PMID: 32518670 PMCID: PMC7275381 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity in adolescence is predictive of obesity in adulthood and risk for chronic disease. Traditional behavioral approaches to addressing obesity in adolescence rarely yield meaningful changes in body mass index (BMI), suggesting that adjunctive treatments are necessary. Herein, we describe a study examining whether it is feasible to integrate a brief mindfulness intervention with the usual recommended care for adolescent obesity in a pediatric weight management clinic. Methods We conducted a single arm open-label trial with 11 adolescent patients with obesity. Participants received the recommended standard of medical management of obesity (usual care) plus a six-week mindfulness intervention. To assess our primary aim of feasibility, we examined recruitment, retention, and satisfaction rates. Participants also completed measures of mindfulness, emotion regulation, disordered eating, quality of life, and executive functioning, and had their BMI and blood pressure measured. Results We recruited 11 adolescents to participate in the intervention, with 8 (73%) completing the entire program. Attendance rates (85%) and satisfaction rates (100%) were promising for a larger trial. While preliminary analyses of changes in health outcomes should be examined with caution, effect sizes ranged from small to large with some promising trends in eating behaviors. Discussion It might be feasible to augment existing behavioral interventions for adolescents with obesity with brief mindfulness; however, some adaptations are needed to enhance recruitment and retention. The lessons learned in this feasibility study can inform an adequately powered efficacy trial. Trial registration This research is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03874377).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Cotter
- Department of Health Studies, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC, 20016 USA
| | - Sarah E Hornack
- Division of Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - Jenny P Fotang
- Department of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington DC, 20016 USA
| | - Elizabeth Pettit
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Nazrat M Mirza
- IDEAL Pediatric Weight Management Clinic, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
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Neurovegetative symptom subtypes in young people with major depressive disorder and their structural brain correlates. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:108. [PMID: 32312958 PMCID: PMC7170873 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of burden of disease among young people. Current treatments are not uniformly effective, in part due to the heterogeneous nature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Refining MDD into more homogeneous subtypes is an important step towards identifying underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and improving treatment of young people. In adults, symptom-based subtypes of depression identified using data-driven methods mainly differed in patterns of neurovegetative symptoms (sleep and appetite/weight). These subtypes have been associated with differential biological mechanisms, including immuno-metabolic markers, genetics and brain alterations (mainly in the ventral striatum, medial orbitofrontal cortex, insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex amygdala and hippocampus). K-means clustering was applied to individual depressive symptoms from the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) in 275 young people (15-25 years old) with MDD to identify symptom-based subtypes, and in 244 young people from an independent dataset (a subsample of the STAR*D dataset). Cortical surface area and thickness and subcortical volume were compared between the subtypes and 100 healthy controls using structural MRI. Three subtypes were identified in the discovery dataset and replicated in the independent dataset; severe depression with increased appetite, severe depression with decreased appetite and severe insomnia, and moderate depression. The severe increased appetite subtype showed lower surface area in the anterior insula compared to both healthy controls. Our findings in young people replicate the previously identified symptom-based depression subtypes in adults. The structural alterations of the anterior insular cortex add to the existing evidence of different pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this subtype.
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Russell CG, Russell A. "Food" and "non-food" self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 32151265 PMCID: PMC7063723 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developmental science, there is an extensive literature on non-food related self-regulation in childhood, where several domains relating to emotions, actions and cognitions have been identified. There is now growing attention to food related self-regulation in childhood, especially difficulties with ASR, and the consequences for weight gain and adiposity. The aim of this narrative review was to conduct a reciprocal analysis of self-regulation in the food and non-food domains in childhood (referred to as appetite self-regulation (ASR) and general self-regulation (GSR) respectively). The focus was on commonalities and differences in key concepts and underpinning processes. METHODS Databases and major journals were searched using terms such as self-regulation, appetite self-regulation, or self-regulation of energy intake, together with associated constructs (e.g., Executive Function, Effortful Control, delay-of-gratification). This was followed by backward and forward snowballing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The scholarship on GSR in childhood has had a focus on the role of the cognitively-oriented Executive Function (EF), the temperamentally-based Effortful Control (EC) and the recursive interplay between bottom-up (reactive, emotion driven, approach or avoidance) and top-down (cognitive, conscious decision-making) processes. "Hot" and "cool/cold" EF and self-regulation situations have been distinguished. There were some parallels between GSR and ASR in these areas, but uncertainty about the contribution of EF and EC to ASR in young children. Possible differences between the contribution to ASR-related outcomes of delay-of-gratification in food and non-food tasks were apparent. Unique elements of ASR were identified; associated with psychological, biological and neurological responses to food and bottom-up processes. A diverse number of situations or elements connected to ASR exist: for example, energy balance homeostasis, caloric compensation, hunger regulation, satiation, satiety, energy density of food, eating in the absence of hunger, emotional eating, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Self-regulation in food and non-food domains are amenable to a reciprocal analysis. We argue that self-regulation of appetite should be added as a domain under the umbrella of self-regulation in childhood along with the other non-food related domains. This could lead to a broader understanding of self-regulation in childhood, and generate novel lines of enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Russell
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alan Russell
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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31
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Williamson VG, Dilip A, Dillard JR, Morgan-Daniel J, Lee AM, Cardel MI. The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Snacking and Weight among Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E167. [PMID: 31936076 PMCID: PMC7019740 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behaviors, including unhealthy snacking or excessive snacking leading to excess calorie consumption, may contribute to obesity among adolescents. Socioeconomic status (SES) also significantly influences eating behaviors, and low SES is associated with increased risk for obesity. However, little is known regarding the relationship between snacking behavior and SES among adolescents and how this may contribute to obesity-related outcomes. The primary objective of this scoping review was to review the literature to assess and characterize the relationship between SES and snacking in adolescents. The secondary objective was to assess weight-related outcomes and their relation to snacking habits. Included articles were published between January 2000 and May 2019; written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; and focused on adolescents (13-17 years). In total, 14 bibliographic databases were searched, and seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Preliminary evidence from the seven included studies suggests a weak but potential link between SES and snacking. Additionally, these dietary patterns seemed to differ by sex and income type of country. Finally, only three of the included studies addressed weight-related outcomes, but the overall available evidence suggests that snacking does not significantly affect weight-related outcomes. Due to the small number of included studies, results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Williamson
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Abhaya Dilip
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.D.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Julia Rose Dillard
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.D.); (J.R.D.)
| | - Jane Morgan-Daniel
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Alexandra M. Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Michelle I. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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Turan S, Özyurt G, Çatlı G, Öztürk Y, Abacı A, Akay AP. Social cognition and emotion regulation may be impaired in adolescents with obesity independent of the presence of binge eating disorder: a two-center study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1693727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ödemiş State Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gonca Özyurt
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Öztürk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aynur Pekcanlar Akay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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Willem C, Gandolphe MC, Roussel M, Verkindt H, Pattou F, Nandrino JL. Difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in interoceptive awareness in moderate and severe obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:633-644. [PMID: 31243741 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in interoceptive awareness may be responsible for overeating and weight gain in obesity by increasing the risks of problematic eating behaviors. This study aimed to: (1) examine emotion regulation difficulties and interoceptive deficits in obesity; (2) compare the emotion regulation and interoceptive abilities of moderately and severely obese patients. METHODS Participants were recruited through the university, diabetology centers and bariatric surgery departments. A total of 165 participants were categorized in three groups, matched by age and gender, according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). The severely obese (SO), moderately obese (MO) and normal weight (NW) groups were constituted of 55 participants each. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess emotion regulation difficulties (CERQ-DERS) and interoceptive awareness (MAIA-FFMQ). RESULTS Overall, obese participants reported more emotion regulation difficulties and less interoceptive awareness than NW participants did. They also reported a lack of planning strategies and emotional awareness, as well as less ability to observe, notice and trust body sensations. No differences in emotion regulation and interoceptive abilities were found between MO and SO participants. CONCLUSIONS Emotion regulation and interoceptive awareness should be targeted in the psychotherapeutic care of obese people, regardless of their BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Willem
- SCALab Laboratory, Department of Psychology, UMR 9193, CNRS, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France.
| | - Marie-Charlotte Gandolphe
- SCALab Laboratory, Department of Psychology, UMR 9193, CNRS, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France
| | - Méline Roussel
- Diabetology Center, CETRADIMN, Hospital of Roubaix, Roubaix, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, INSERM U1190, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, INSERM U1190, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- SCALab Laboratory, Department of Psychology, UMR 9193, CNRS, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France
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Calkins SD, Dollar JM, Wideman L. Temperamental vulnerability to emotion dysregulation and risk for mental and physical health challenges. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:957-970. [PMID: 31097043 PMCID: PMC8186844 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation characterizes many forms of psychopathology. Patterns of dysregulation occur as a function of a developmental process in which normative and adaptive emotion regulation skills fail to become part of the child's behavioral repertoire due to biological, psychological, and contextual processes and experiences. Here we highlight the processes involved in the dysregulation of temperamental anger and frustration that become core features of externalizing problems and place children at risk for more serious forms of psychopathology. We imbed these processes in a larger self-regulatory framework, and we discuss how they influence mental as well as physical health, using data from our 20-year longitudinal study following a large cohort of children into young adulthood. Recommendations are made for future research involving the integration of biological systems with mental and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jessica M. Dollar
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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