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Nicol M, Lahaye E, El Mehdi M, do Rego JL, do Rego JC, Fetissov SO. Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus gasseri supplementation reduces stress-induced sugar craving in mice. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:1041-1054. [PMID: 37365682 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased intake of sweets or sugar craving may occur in response to chronic stress representing a risk factor for development of eating disorders and obesity. However, no safe treatment of stress-induced sugar craving is available. In this study we analysed effects of two Lactobacillus strains on food and sucrose intake in mice before and during their exposure to a chronic mild stress (CMS). RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES C57Bl6 mice were gavaged daily for 27 days with a mix of L. salivarius (LS) LS7892 and L. gasseri (LG) LG6410 strains or with 0.9% NaCl as a control. Following 10 days of gavage, mice were individually placed into the Modular Phenotypic cages, and after 7 days of acclimation were exposed to a CMS model for 10 days. Food, water and 2% sucrose intakes as well as meal pattern were monitored. Anxiety and depressive-like behaviour were analysed by standard tests. RESULTS Exposure of mice to CMS was accompanied by increased size of sucrose intake in the control group likely reflecting the stress-induced sugar craving. A consistent, about 20% lower total sucrose intake, was observed in the Lactobacilli-treated group during stress which was mainly due to a reduced number of intakes. Lactobacilli treatment also modified the meal pattern before and during the CMS, showing a decrease of meal number and an increase of meal size with a tendency of reduced total daily food intake. Mild anti-depressive behavioural effects of the Lactobacilli mix were also present. CONCLUSION Supplementation of mice with LS LS7892 and LG LG6410 decreases sugar consumption suggesting a potential utility of these strains against stress-induced sugar craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Nicol
- Regulatory Peptides - Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Emilie Lahaye
- Regulatory Peptides - Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Mouna El Mehdi
- Regulatory Peptides - Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- University of Rouen Normandie, Inserm US51, CNRS UAR2026, Animal Behavioral Platform SCAC-HeRacLeS, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- University of Rouen Normandie, Inserm US51, CNRS UAR2026, Animal Behavioral Platform SCAC-HeRacLeS, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Serguei O Fetissov
- Regulatory Peptides - Energy Metabolism and Motivated Behavior Team, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1239, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
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Pagar R, Deshkar S, Mahore J, Patole V, Deshpande H, Gandham N, Mirza S, Junnarkar M, Nawani N. The microbial revolution: Unveiling the benefits of vaginal probiotics and prebiotics. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127787. [PMID: 38851010 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Vaginal health is essential to a woman's overall well-being, as abnormalities in vaginal health can lead to a variety of gynaecological disorders, such as urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and bacterial vaginosis. The vaginal microbiome is essential for the prevention of these infections. Disruptions in this microbial ecosystem can significantly impact vaginal health. The concept of utilizing probiotics and prebiotics to stimulate the growth of protective vaginal microbiota has gathered substantial interest in recent years. Probiotics are live micro-organisms that strengthen and restore vaginal microbial balance by lowering pH levels, production of bacteriocins, biofilm disruption, modulation of immune response, and production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), consequently combating the development of pathogens. Prebiotics are oligosaccharides that encourage the development of probiotics such as lactobacilli species. Probiotics and prebiotics also have some broader implications for vaginal health, including their role in minimizing the incidence of premature birth, optimizing fertility, managing menopausal symptoms, and preventing vaginal infections. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics that deliver additional benefits by encouraging the development and activity of beneficial microbes. Furthermore, postbiotics are bioactive compounds derived from probiotic bacteria during fermentation that have immunomodulatory actions and provide an additional layer of protection against vaginal infections. The present study highlights the most prevalent vaginal infections and limitations of existing therapies that influence the vaginal microbiota. The profound consequences of probiotics and prebiotics in women's health, including their role in minimizing the prevalence of vaginal infections and promoting overall vaginal health, as well as advanced therapeutic strategies such as synbiotics and postbiotics, are also discussed. The literature offers significant insights into the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of probiotics and prebiotics to healthcare providers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Sanjeevani Deshkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India.
| | - Jayashri Mahore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Vinita Patole
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Hemant Deshpande
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Nageswari Gandham
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Shahzad Mirza
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Manisha Junnarkar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
| | - Neelu Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, India
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Alba C, Arroyo R, Fernández L, Narbad A, Rodríguez JM. Characterization of a Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strain Isolated from a Cheese Seal Which Was Last Used in 1936. Foods 2024; 13:2005. [PMID: 38998510 PMCID: PMC11241558 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cheesemaking played a pivotal role in the life of the Pyrenean villages where cheese was a most prized commodity and the subject of much local competition. In one of them (Sasa de Sobrepuerto), Mrs. Sebastiana Palacio decided in 1877 to label all the cheeses made in her household with a seal to differentiate them from those made by other local producers. The cheese seal was last used in 1936 and, since then, it has been kept under excellent storage conditions. Since well-preserved cheese seals are rare, and bacterial cells may survive desiccation for long periods, the objective of this work was to isolate and characterize any lactic acid bacteria that survived in the seal. Analysis of the milky crust material revealed the presence of sheep caseins. Culture-based analysis led to the isolation of a strain of Bacillus licheniformis and a strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius SP36). The latter was characterized in vitro for safety and dairy-related functional properties. Its genome encodes several genes involved in protein, peptide, and amino acid catabolism, and flavor. Overall, the phenotypic and genetic features of this strain support a high potential for being used as adjunct culture in cheesemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Food Microbiome and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK;
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
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Song M, Huang X, Hou Y, Yang F, Li X, Li J. Perinatal group A streptococcal infection in vagina and its impact on pregnancy outcomes. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:1806-1814. [PMID: 38883355 PMCID: PMC11170569 DOI: 10.62347/zkie2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and the effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infections in the vagina of perinatal women. METHODS From June 2020 to October 2022, 270 perinatal pregnant women underwent vaginal swabs for GAS culture. The antibiotic sensitivity of the positive strains was assessed. Based on GAS detection results, the patients were divided into an observation group (GAS positive) and a control group (GAS negative). Clinical data from both groups were collected to compare the vaginal microecological changes. The adverse outcomes for pregnancy and infants in both groups were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors for adverse outcomes. RESULTS Among the 270 pregnant women, 30 tested positive for GAS and 240 tested negative, with a colonization rate of 11.1%. No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, linezolid, vancomycin, or tigecycline was found among the GAS strains. The resistance rates to tetracycline and clindamycin were 73.3% and 70.0%, respectively. Higher vaginal pH (≥4.5), and increased incidences of bacterial vaginitis, aerobic vaginitis, and microecological imbalances were observed in the observation group compared to the control group (all P<0.05). The observation group also experienced more adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes, such as chorioamnionitis, postpartum infections, fetal distress, and neonatal pneumonia (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that a vaginal pH≥4.5 and microecological imbalance were positively associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes in women with GAS infections (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study found no β-lactam resistant GAS strains. Additionally, a higher vaginal pH (≥4.5) and microecological imbalance were linked to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes in women with GAS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoge Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
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Malloy E, Kates AE, Dixon J, Riley C, Safdar N, Hanson L. Vaginal and Rectal microbiome changes following administration of a multi-species antenatal probiotic: A randomized control trial. GUT MICROBES REPORTS 2024; 1:1-10. [PMID: 38708373 PMCID: PMC11065196 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2024.2334311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The gut and vaginal microbiome undergo changes during pregnancy which may be protective or harmful to the birthing person. Probiotics have been found to cause protective changes to the gut and vaginal microbiomes, with the potential to improve perinatal outcomes. This randomized control trial compares the vaginal and rectal microbiomes before and after an antenatal probiotic or placebo intervention, with a diverse group of pregnant people and a special focus on racial disparities. The vaginal and rectal microbiomes reveal non-significant increased Lactobacillus in the probiotics group, with a greater increase in participants who identified as Black. Potential implications and future study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Malloy
- Aurora UW Medical Group Midwifery & Wellness, Advocate Aurora Healthcare Milwaukee, USA
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Ashley E. Kates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Jonah Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Colleen Riley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, USA
| | - Lisa Hanson
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
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Das S, Konwar BK. Influence of connatural factors in shaping vaginal microflora and ensuring its health. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:871-886. [PMID: 37676318 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal canal (VC) is exposed to the external environment affected by habitual factors like hygiene and sexual behaviour as well as physiological factors like puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, child birth and menopause. Healthy VC harbours beneficial microflora supported by vaginal epithelium and cervical fluid. Connatural antimicrobial peptide (AMPs) of female reproductive tract (FRT) conjunctly with these beneficial microbes provide protection from a large number of infectious diseases. Such infections may either be caused by native microbes of the VC or transitory microbes like bacteria or virus which are not a part of VC microflora. This review highlight's the role of hormones, enzymes, innate immunological factors, epithelial cells and vaginal mucus that support beneficial microbes over infectious ones thus, helping to maintain homeostasis in VC and further protect the FRT. We also discuss the prospective use of vaginal probiotics and AMPs against pathogens which can serve as a potential cure for vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Bolin K Konwar
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
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Kasai Y, Komatsu M, Toyama Y, Nakano S, Hisata K, Yamada M, Shimizu T. Effect of probiotics on mother-to-neonate vertical transmission of group B streptococci: A prospective open-label randomized study. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:145-151. [PMID: 37684161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B Streptococci (GBS) are common vaginal bacteria found in 20-30% of pregnant women and a significant cause of invasive infections in newborns. Recently, attention has been focused on the efficacy of probiotics during the perinatal period. However, the effect of probiotic intake on the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of GBS remains unknown. METHODS Pregnant women with positive GBS results from vaginal and rectal swab cultures at 35-37 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to the probiotic group or the control group in an open-label manner at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San-ikukai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. The probiotic group received Lactobacillus reuteri during antenatal checkups from 35 to 37-week gestation to 1 month after delivery. Rectal swabs were obtained from the newborns at 5 days and at 1 month of age. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to test for GBS strains in the mother, whose newborn carried GBS at the 1-month checkup. Multi-locus sequence typing and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses were performed to identify MTCT. RESULTS Overall, 67 mother-infant pairs were included, with 31 in the probiotic group and 36 in the control group. The positivity rate of GBS in newborns at 1 month of age was 10% (n = 3) in the probiotic group and 28% (n = 10) in the control group. In newborns carrying GBS at 1 month of age, genetic analysis revealed that the MTCT rate was 6% in the probiotic group and 22% in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0927). CONCLUSION No statistically significant difference was found; however, the consumption of L. reuteri by women with GBS-positive pregnancies may inhibit the MTCT of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriha Kasai
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, San-Ikukai Hospital, 3-20-2 Taihei, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 130-0012, Japan.
| | - Yudai Toyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, 3-1-10 Takanodai, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Saki Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Rinkai Hospital, 1-4-2 Rinkai-cho, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-0086, Japan
| | - Ken Hisata
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Mie Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San-Ikukai Hospital, 3-20-2 Taihei, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 130-0012, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
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Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Armeanu T, Stoian IL, Anton N, Babici RG, Ilea C. A Narrative Review Discussing the Obstetric Repercussions Due to Alterations of Personalized Bacterial Sites Developed within the Vagina, Cervix, and Endometrium. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5069. [PMID: 37568471 PMCID: PMC10419759 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reproductive tract microbiota that evolved as an integrative component has been studied intensively in the last decade. As a result, novel research, clinical opportunities, and perspectives have been derived following the close investigation of this microecological environment. This has paved the way for an update to and improvement of the management strategies and therapeutic approaches. However, obscurities, contradictions, and controversies arise regarding the ascension route from the vagina to the endometrium via the cervix, with finality in adverse obstetric outcomes. METHODS Starting from these considerations, we aimed to gather all existing data and information from four major academic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) published in the last 13 years (2010-2023) using a controlled vocabulary and dedicated terminology to enhance the coverage, identification, and sorting of potentially eligible studies. RESULTS Despite the high number of returned entries (n = 804), only a slight percentage (2.73%) of all manuscripts were deemed eligible following two rounds of evaluation. Cumulatively, a low level of Lactobacillus spp. and of other core microbiota members is mandatory, with a possible eubiosis-to-dysbiosis transition leading to an impairment of metabolic and endocrine network homeostasis. This transposes into a change in the pro-inflammatory landscape and activation of signaling pathways due to activity exerted by the bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)/endotoxins that further reflect a high risk of miscarriage in various stages. While the presence of some pathogenic entities may be suggestive of an adverse obstetric predisposition, there are still pros and cons of the role of specific strains, as only the vagina and cervix have been targeted as opposed to the endometrium, which recently started to be viewed as the key player in the vagina-cervix-endometrium route. Consequently, based on an individual's profile, diet, and regime, antibiotics and probiotics might be practical or not. CONCLUSIONS Resident bacteria have a dual facet and are beneficial for women's health, but, at the same time, relaying on the abundance, richness, and evenness that are definitory indexes standing as intermediaries of a miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street No. 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street No. 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Theodora Armeanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street No. 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street No. 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Liviana Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Anton
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona-Geanina Babici
- Department of Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street No. 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
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Gavrilova E, Kostenko V, Zadorina I, Khusnutdinova D, Yarullina D, Ezhkova A, Bogachev M, Kayumov A, Nikitina E. Repression of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain AG10 in Drosophila melanogaster In Vivo Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1297. [PMID: 37317271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria exhibiting antagonistic activities against pathogenic bacteria are widely considered as potential options for the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases and represent potential substitutes of antibiotics. Here we show that the L. plantarum AG10 strain represses the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro and diminishes their negative effects in vivo in a Drosophila melanogaster model of survival on embryonic (larvae) and pupa stages. In an agar drop diffusion test, L. plantarum AG10 exhibited antagonistic properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and repressed the growth of E. coli and S. aureus during milk fermentation. In a Drosophila melanogaster model, L. plantarum AG10 alone did not provide any significant effect, either during the embryonic stage or during further development of the flies. Despite this, it was able to restore the viability of groups infected with either E. coli and S. aureus, almost to the level of non-treated control at all stages of development (larvae, pupa and adult). Moreover, in the presence of L. plantarum AG10, pathogens-induced mutation rates and recombination events reduced 1.5-2-fold. The genome of L. plantarum AG10 was sequenced and deposited at NCBI under the accession number PRJNA953814 and consists of annotated genome and raw sequence data. It consists of 109 contigs and is 3,479,919 bp in length with a GC content of 44.5%. The analysis of the genome has revealed considerably few putative virulence factors and three genes responsible for the biosynthesis of putative antimicrobial peptides, with one of them exhibiting a high probability of antimicrobial properties. Taken together, these data allow the suggestion that the L. plantarum AG10 strain is promising for use in both dairy production and probiotics as a preservative from foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Gavrilova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Victoria Kostenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Iva Zadorina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dilyara Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina Yarullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Asya Ezhkova
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named after N.E. Bauman, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Airat Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Nikitina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Meat and Milk Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Mejia ME, Robertson CM, Patras KA. Interspecies Interactions within the Host: the Social Network of Group B Streptococcus. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0044022. [PMID: 36975791 PMCID: PMC10112235 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00440-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a pervasive neonatal pathogen accounting for a combined half a million deaths and stillbirths annually. The most common source of fetal or neonatal GBS exposure is the maternal microbiota. GBS asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa of 1 in 5 individuals globally, although its precise role in these niches is not well understood. To prevent vertical transmission, broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered to GBS-positive mothers during labor in many countries. Although antibiotics have significantly reduced GBS early-onset neonatal disease, there are several unintended consequences, including an altered neonatal microbiota and increased risk for other microbial infections. Additionally, the incidence of late-onset GBS neonatal disease remains unaffected and has sparked an emerging hypothesis that GBS-microbe interactions in developing neonatal gut microbiota may be directly involved in this disease process. This review summarizes our current understanding of GBS interactions with other resident microbes at the mucosal surface from multiple angles, including clinical association studies, agriculture and aquaculture observations, and experimental animal model systems. We also include a comprehensive review of in vitro findings of GBS interactions with other bacterial and fungal microbes, both commensal and pathogenic, along with newly established animal models of GBS vaginal colonization and in utero or neonatal infection. Finally, we provide a perspective on emerging areas of research and current strategies to design microbe-targeting prebiotic or probiotic therapeutic intervention strategies to prevent GBS disease in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyd E. Mejia
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clare M. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Patras
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Liu P, Lu Y, Li R, Chen X. Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1153894. [PMID: 37077531 PMCID: PMC10106725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1153894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is a distinct component of the human microbiome that is colonized by a wide variety of microorganisms. Lactobacilli are the most frequently identified microorganisms in the healthy human vagina. These Gram-positive bacilli can acidify the vaginal microenvironment, inhibit the proliferation of other pathogenic microorganisms, and promote the maintenance of a eubiotic vaginal microbiome. However, a vaginal flora with a reduced proportion or abundance of lactobacilli is associated with various vaginal infections that have been linked to serious health consequences such as infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature rupture of membranes, and miscarriage. Due to their “Generally Recognized as Safe” classification and critical role in vaginal health, probiotic lactobacilli have been widely used as an alternative or adjunct to traditional antibiotic therapy for the treatment of vaginal infections and restoration of the vaginal microbiome. This review focuses on the significant role of probiotic lactobacilli in the vaginal microenvironment and discusses the use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of female vaginal infections in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rongguo Li
- *Correspondence: Rongguo Li, ; Xiaodi Chen,
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12
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Radzinsky VE, Doronina OK, Olenev AS, Stetsyuk OV. Group B streptococcus in obstetrics: unsolved problems. RUDN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2023-27-1-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For several decades, among all possible pathogens of neonatal infections, group B streptococcus has been one of the leading positions. Sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia are among the most common clinical manifestations of neonatal infection associated with group B streptococcus. In this review, our goal was to analyze the literature demonstrating a worldwide approach to the prevention of vertical transmission of group B streptococcus from mother to child. When writing the review, scientific publications of foreign and domestic authors from the PubMed database were studied. The review considers the drugs of choice for intranatal antibiotic prophylaxis, and their pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic features. The analysis details the problem of the growth of resistance of group B streptococcus to antibacterial drugs. The antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin was noted at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 μg/ml. The presented review also reflects the protective and therapeutic effects of oral intake of probiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 . Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that penicillin G and ampicillin have the most pronounced bactericidal effect against group B streptococcus. At the same time, the most common side effects of β-lactam penicillins include an allergic reaction with the possible development of anaphylactic shock. Given this, the antibiotics of the first-line reserve group include cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin. At the same time, it is important to take into account the decrease in the therapeutic concentration of clindamycin with a change in the alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in the blood of the mother and fetus, the nephrotoxic effect of vancomycin and the cross-a llergic reaction of cefazolin with antibiotics of the penicillin group. A promising direction in solving the problem of group B streptococcus is the development of new strategies for the prevention of perinatal infection of the fetus and newborn based on a more detailed study of the effects of lactoferrin and probiotics.
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13
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Rodríguez JM, Garranzo M, Segura J, Orgaz B, Arroyo R, Alba C, Beltrán D, Fernández L. A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111652. [PMID: 36865781 PMCID: PMC9971985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyperuricemia and gout are receiving an increasing scientific and medical attention because of their relatively high prevalence and their association with relevant co-morbidities. Recently, it has been suggested that gout patients have an altered gut microbiota. The first objective of this study was to investigate the potential of some Ligilactobacillus salivarius strains to metabolize purine-related metabolites. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of administering a selected potential probiotic strain in individuals with a history of hyperuricemia. Methods Inosine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and uric acid were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The uptake and biotransformation of these compounds by a selection of L. salivarius strains were assessed using bacterial whole cells and cell-free extracts, respectively. The efficacy of L. salivarius CECT 30632 to prevent gout was assessed in a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial involving 30 patients with hyperuricemia and a history of recurrent gout episodes. Half of the patients consumed L. salivarius CECT 30632 (9 log10 CFU/day; probiotic group; n = 15) for 6 months while the remaining patients consumed allopurinol (100-300 mg/daily; control group; n = 15) for the same period. The clinical evolution and medical treatment received by the participants were followed, as well as the changes in several blood biochemical parameters. Results L. salivarius CECT 30632 was the most efficient strain for inosine (100%), guanosine (100%) and uric acid (50%) conversion and, therefore, it was selected for the pilot clinical trial. In comparison with the control group, administration of L. salivarius CECT 30632 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of gout episodes and in the use of gout-related drugs as well as an improvement in some blood parameters related to oxidative stress, liver damage or metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Regular administration of L. salivarius CECT 30632 reduced serum urate levels, the number of gout episodes and the pharmacological therapy required to control both hyperuricemia and gout episodes in individuals with a history of hyperuricemia and suffering from repeated episodes of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Juan M. Rodríguez, ✉
| | - Marco Garranzo
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Segura
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Orgaz
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Beltrán
- Centro de Diagnóstico Médico, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Leónides Fernández, ✉
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14
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Immunomodulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem by Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632 Improves Pregnancy Rates among Women with Infertility of Unknown Origin or Habitual Abortions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020362. [PMID: 36678233 PMCID: PMC9860997 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the probiotic potential of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632 was assessed, including properties specifically related with gynecological targets. This strain displayed co-aggregative and antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of vaginal pathogens while being respectful with the growth of vaginal lactobacilli. The strain produced a high concentration of lactic acid and displayed α-amylase activity when assayed in vitro. It showed a noticeable survival rate after exposition to conditions similar to those present in the human digestive tract and was adhesive to both vaginal and intestinal cells. Subsequently, their capacity to increase pregnancy rates among women with habitual abortion or infertility of unknown origin was studied. Administration of L. salivarius CECT 30632 (~9 log10 CFU) daily for a maximum of six months to these women was safe and led to a successful pregnancy rate of 67.5% (80% and 55% for women with repetitive abortion and infertile women, respectively). Significant differences in Nugent score, vaginal pH, and vaginal concentrations of lactobacilli, TGF-β, and VEFG were observed when the samples collected before the intervention were compared with those collected after the treatment among those women who got pregnant. Therefore, this strain can modulate the vaginal ecosystem and lead to better fertility outcomes.
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15
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Hanson L, VandeVusse L, Forgie M, Malloy E, Singh M, Scherer M, Kleber D, Dixon J, Hryckowian AJ, Safdar N. A randomized controlled trial of an oral probiotic to reduce antepartum group B Streptococcus colonization and gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100748. [PMID: 36108911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics have been suggested as a strategy to reduce antenatal group B Streptococcus colonization. Although probiotics are known to improve gastrointestinal symptoms, this has not been studied during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic to reduce: (1) standard-of-care antenatal group B Streptococcus colonization and colony counts and (2) gastrointestinal symptoms of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN In a double-blind fashion, 109 healthy adult pregnant people were randomized to Florajen3 probiotic or placebo capsules once daily from 28 weeks' gestation until labor onset. Baseline vaginal and rectal study swabs for group B Streptococcus colony-forming units and microbiome analysis were collected at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. Standard-of-care vaginal to rectal group B Streptococcus swabs were collected from all participants at 36 weeks' gestation and determined the need for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Data collection included solicitation of adverse events, demographic information, Antepartum Gastrointestinal Symptom Assessment score, yogurt ingestion, sexual activity, and vaginal cleaning practices. RESULTS A total of 83 participants completed the study to 36 weeks' gestation with no adverse events. Standard-of-care group B Streptococcus colonization was 20.4% in the control group and 15.4% in probiotic group participants (-5%; P=.73). The relative risk for positive standard-of-care vaginal-rectal group B Streptococcus colonization was 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-3.40) times higher in the control group than in the probiotic group (P=.55). There were no differences in median vaginal (P=.16) or rectal (P=.20) group B streptococcus colony-forming units at baseline or at 36 weeks (vaginal P>.999; rectal P=.56). Antepartum Gastrointestinal Symptom Assessment scores were similar at baseline (P=.19), but significantly decreased in probiotic group participants at 36 weeks (P=.02). No covariates significantly altered group B Streptococcus colonization. Significantly more Florajen3 bacteria components were recovered from the vaginal-rectal samples of probiotic group participants (32%; P=.04) compared with controls. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provided insufficient evidence for the clinical application of the Florajen3 probiotic intervention to reduce standard-of-care vaginal-rectal group B Streptococcus colonization. The prevalence of group B Streptococcus was lower than expected in the study population, and intervention adherence was poor. Probiotic bacteria colonization of the genitourinary tract occurred more in intervention group participants than in controls and significantly reduced gastrointestinal symptoms of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hanson
- Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, WI (Drs Hanson, VandeVusse, Malloy, and Singh).
| | - Leona VandeVusse
- Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, WI (Drs Hanson, VandeVusse, Malloy, and Singh)
| | - Marie Forgie
- Advocate Aurora UW Medical Group, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (Drs Forgie and Malloy)
| | - Emily Malloy
- Advocate Aurora UW Medical Group, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI (Drs Forgie and Malloy); Advocate Aurora Sinai Midwifery and Wellness Center, Milwaukee, WI (Dr Malloy and Ms Scherer)
| | - Maharaj Singh
- Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, WI (Drs Hanson, VandeVusse, Malloy, and Singh); Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI (Dr Singh and Ms Kleber)
| | - MaryAnne Scherer
- Advocate Aurora Sinai Midwifery and Wellness Center, Milwaukee, WI (Dr Malloy and Ms Scherer)
| | - Diana Kleber
- Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI (Dr Singh and Ms Kleber)
| | - Jonah Dixon
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Mr Dixon and Dr Safdar)
| | - Andrew J Hryckowian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (Dr Hryckowian); Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI (Dr Hryckowian)
| | - Nasia Safdar
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Mr Dixon and Dr Safdar)
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16
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Liao Q, Zhang XF, Mi X, Jin F, Sun HM, Wang QX. Influence of group B streptococcus and vaginal cleanliness on the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12578-12586. [PMID: 36579104 PMCID: PMC9791520 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i34.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome plays a critical role in the health of pregnant women and their newborns. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and vaginal cleanliness significantly affect the vaginal microecosystem and are closely associated with vaginal diseases.
AIM To explore the effects of GBS status and vaginal cleanliness on vaginal microecosystems.
METHODS We collected 160 vaginal swabs from pregnant women and divided them into the following four groups based on GBS status and vaginal cleanliness: GBS-positive + vaginal cleanliness I–II degree, GBS-negative + vaginal cleanliness I–II degree, GBS-positive + vaginal cleanliness III–IV degree, and GBS-negative + vaginal cleanliness III–IV degree. Samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
RESULTS Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon index did not significantly differ between the four groups. We identified significant variation in taxa abundance between the GBS-positive and GBS-negative groups and between the vaginal cleanliness I–II degree and III–IV degree groups. Principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis further confirmed the microbial diversity of the four groups. Moreover, the linear discriminant analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus jensenii and Actinobacteria were strongly associated with GBS-positive status, and Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillales, Bacilli and Firmicutes were closely correlated with GBS-negative status.
CONCLUSION GBS status and vaginal cleanliness significantly affect vaginal microbiome differences in pregnant women. Our findings provide instructional information for clinical antibiotic treatment in pregnant women with different GBS statuses and vaginal cleanliness degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xin Mi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Hong-Min Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
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17
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Starc M, Lučovnik M, Eržen Vrlič P, Jeverica S. Protective Effect of Lactobacillus crispatus against Vaginal Colonization with Group B Streptococci in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090980. [PMID: 36145412 PMCID: PMC9506259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A normal vaginal microbiota may protect the vaginal mucosa from colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria, including group B streptococci (GBS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between colonization with GBS and the presence of specific vaginal microbiota isolated from vaginal swabs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A semiquantitative culture of 1860 vaginal swabs from consecutive pregnant women in their third trimester was analyzed. The dominant bacteria, including lactobacilli, were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. An enrichment culture for GBS was performed on the swabs. GBS colonization correlated with the bacteria isolated at the same time. Results: Lactobacilluscrispatus was isolated in 27.5% of the cultures, followed by L. jensenii (13.9%), L. gasseri (12.6%), and L. iners (10.1%). The presence of lactobacilli as a group, and of L. crispatus, inversely correlated with GBS colonization (OR = 0.44 and OR = 0.5, respectively; both with p < 0.001). Other microorganisms, including Gardnerella vaginalis, mixed aerobic bacteria and yeasts, were not associated with GBS colonization. Conclusions: Lactobacilli, especially L. crispatus, may prevent GBS colonization in pregnancy. Maintaining a normal vaginal microbiota could be an effective method for the antibiotic-free prevention of invasive GBS infections in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Starc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lučovnik
- Department of Perinatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Eržen Vrlič
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Community Health Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Jeverica
- Center for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-40-300-855
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18
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Seif El Dahan K, Bejjani J, Nasrallah AA, Youssef L, Mladenovic A, Dosch L, Leone A, Jurjus A. Probiotics Properties: A Focus on Pregnancy Outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 272:16-23. [PMID: 35278924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A healthy microbiome plays an important role in the prevention of illness and maintenance of overall health, including reproductive health. Although the therapeutic advantages of probiotics have been shown to run across multiple organ systems, their role in pregnancy is not well explored. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential advantages and adverse effects of probiotics in pregnancy. Data were collected from the literature over the past decade using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Ovid, Scopus, and Science Direct. A total of 40 articles were utilized in this review. Collected data indicated that prenatal and post-natal supplementation with lactobacilli alone or lactobacilli with Bifidobacterium spp. seems to be protective. Probiotics may improve insulin resistance and consequently reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. Probiotics may also reduce anxiety and depression by influencing brain activity. Additionally, they interfere with vaginal flora to make it friendlier to beneficial bacteria, and enhance anti-inflammatory or reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines. They may also decrease eczema in breastfed infants and prevent allergic reactions by downregulating Th2 responses to specific allergens from mid to late gestation. Leveraging the cervicovaginal microbiota could promote a number of positive pregnancy-related health outcomes. Caution should be exercised in the selection, dosing, and monitoring of probiotics administration. More comprehensive randomized clinical trials are needed to reach a more meaningful evidence-based clinical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Bejjani
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ali A Nasrallah
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Lara Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura, Lebanon.
| | | | - Laura Dosch
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Section of Histology and Embryology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
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Lehtoranta L, Ala-Jaakkola R, Laitila A, Maukonen J. Healthy Vaginal Microbiota and Influence of Probiotics Across the Female Life Span. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819958. [PMID: 35464937 PMCID: PMC9024219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiota plays a central role in women's health and reproduction. Vaginal microbiota is dynamic and shaped by hormonal shifts in each stage of a woman's life from pre-puberty to postmenopause. Current research has mainly focused on vaginal bacterial and fungal members of the community and emphasized their role in disease. However, the impact of balanced vaginal microbiota on health and its interaction with the host is yet poorly understood. High abundance of vaginal lactobacilli is most strongly associated with health, but the concept of health may vary as vaginal dysbiosis may be asymptomatic. Furthermore, there is a lot of variation between ethnic groups in terms of dominating vaginal bacteria. Probiotic lactobacilli could be a safe and natural means to balance and maintain healthy vaginal microbiota. Research evidence is accumulating on their role in supporting women's health throughout life. This review describes the current literature on vaginal microbiota, the major factors affecting its composition, and how the communities change in different life stages. Furthermore, we focused on reviewing available literature on probiotics and their impact on vaginal microbiota and health.
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20
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Barger MK. Systematic Reviews to Inform Practice, March/April 2022. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67:270-276. [PMID: 35390223 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Barger
- Midwifery researcher and consultant, San Diego, CA, San Diego, California
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21
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Dong W, Ding N, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Ding X, Zhang Q, Jiang L. Alterations of Suckling Piglet Jejunal Microbiota Due to Infection With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Protection Against Infection by Lactobacillus salivarius. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:771411. [PMID: 34957282 PMCID: PMC8695681 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of neonatal piglets due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. The intestinal microbiota is an important barrier against invaders entering the gastrointestinal route. In this study, we examined the differences between intestinal microbiota of PEDV-infected and healthy piglets. According to the viral copy numbers, 16 crossbred (Landrace-Yorkshire) piglets were divided into three groups: uninfected, low virus load, and high virus load groups. Next, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the microbiota composition in jejunal content and jejunal mucosal samples from the three groups. PEDV infection induced an imbalance in the microbiota of both jejunal content and jejunal mucosa. The abundance of phylum Firmicutes was higher in uninfected piglets than in infected piglets, whereas the abundance of Proteobacteria was lower in uninfected piglets. Principal coordinate analysis showed significant separation of jejunal microbiota between different groups. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) identified Lactobacillus salivarius as a potential biomarker among three groups at the level of species. Then, in vitro, L. salivarius was able to suppress the infection of PEDV to IPEC-J2 cells and decreased the expression of GRP78 (Glucose-regulating protein 78). In addition, we detected the mRNA expression of genes involved in the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. When IPEC-J2 cells were treated with L. salivarius before PEDV infection, the mRNA expression levels of ITGA1, ITGA5, ITGB5, FAK, PIK3R1, PIK3CA and AKT1 were significantly higher than those in the control cells (without treatment) at different times post-infection, indicating that L. salivarius may upregulate the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells to resist PEDV infection. In summary, PEDV infection altered microbial communities in both jejunal content and jejunal mucosa. L. salivarius has a protective effect against PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells. This study provides a potentially effective strategy to prevent the occurrence and control the spread of PED in the pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Hanson L, VandeVusse L, Malloy E, Garnier-Villarreal M, Watson L, Fial A, Forgie M, Nardini K, Safdar N. Probiotic interventions to reduce antepartum Group B streptococcus colonization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Midwifery 2021; 105:103208. [PMID: 34890880 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and meta-analyse studies of the efficacy of probiotics to reduce antenatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonisation. PARTICIPANTS Antenatal participants with known positive GBS colonisation or unknown GBS status. INTERVENTION Probiotic interventions containing species of Lactobacillus or Streptococcus. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS The systematic review included 10 studies. Five articles contained in vitro studies of probiotic interventions to determine antagonistic activity against GBS. Six clinical trials of probiotics to reduce antenatal GBS were systematically reviewed and meta-analysed. The meta-analysis revealed that the use of an antenatal probiotic increased the probability of a negative GBS result by 79% (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 8.7%, 194.1%, p = 0.02) (n = 709). However, only one clinical trial of 6 had a low risk of bias. KEY CONCLUSIONS The probiotic interventions subjected to in vitro testing showed antagonistic activity against GBS through the mechanisms of acidification, immune modulation, and adhesion. The findings of the meta-analysis of the clinical trials revealed that probiotics are a moderately effective intervention to reduce antenatal GBS colonisation. More well-controlled trials with diverse participants and with better elucidation of variables influencing GBS colonisation rates are needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Probiotic interventions appear to be a safe and effective primary prevention strategy for antenatal GBS colonisation. Application of this low-risk intervention needs more study but may reduce the need for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in countries or regions where antenatal GBS screening is used. Midwives can be instrumental in conducting and supporting larger well-controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hanson
- Klein Endowed Professor and Associate Director, Marquette University College of Nursing, Midwifery Program, Milwaukee, WI USA.
| | - Leona VandeVusse
- Associate Professor Emerita, Marquette University College of Nursing Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Emily Malloy
- PhD student, Marquette University College of Nursing; Nurse-Midwife, Midwifery and Wellness Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Advocate Aurora Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Lauren Watson
- Laboratory Manager, UW Madison School of Medicine and Infectious Disease, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alissa Fial
- Research & Instruction Services, Associate Librarian, Raynor Memorial Libraries, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marie Forgie
- Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Advocate Aurora Women's Health Care, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Katrina Nardini
- Associate Chief, Midwifery Division, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Professor, Infectious Disease, UW Madison School of Medicine. Madison WI, USA
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23
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Alamri Y, Albasri S, Abduljabbar GH, Alghamdi H, Balkhair AM, AlAam R. Awareness of Pregnancy Screening for Group B Streptococcus Infection Among Women of Reproductive Age and Physicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2021; 13:e18765. [PMID: 34796059 PMCID: PMC8590113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Group B Streptococcus is part of the normal flora of the female urogenital tract and rectum. Vaginal colonization and transmission of this bacteria during delivery can lead to neonatal life-threatening complications, which can be prevented by screening and the administration of intrapartum antibiotics. This study's aim was to assess the level of awareness of antenatal screening of Group B Streptococcus among women and physicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey from a previously published study was distributed among 767 participants in Jeddah from June to August 2020. The participants were family medicine or obstetrics and gynecology physicians and women of reproductive age. Results Our results revealed a good level of knowledge of the physicians, although almost half of them reported the need for training to correctly perform screenings. The level of the women's knowledge was relatively poor, their mean knowledge was 50.7%, and the majority were unaware of this infection (85.3%). Conclusions This study found a low level of knowledge of Group B Streptococcus among women of reproductive age and physicians in obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine. These findings confirm the importance of increasing the awareness of Group B Streptococcus among these populations to avoid complications associated with this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Alamri
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Samera Albasri
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Hajar Alghamdi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Rawan AlAam
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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24
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Nader-Macías MEF, De Gregorio PR, Silva JA. Probiotic lactobacilli in formulas and hygiene products for the health of the urogenital tract. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00787. [PMID: 34609059 PMCID: PMC8491456 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vagina. A novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections (UGTI) is the inclusion of these microorganisms as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotic formulas, and more recently in female hygienic products. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.” A list of requirements must be considered during the development of probiotic product/formula for the female urogenital tract (UGT). This review aims to resume the requirements, probiotic characteristics, and clinical trial applied to determine the effect of probiotic and potentially probiotic strains on different woman’s physiological and pathological conditions, and in preterm birth prevention. A revision of female hygienic products available in the world market is included, together with novel studies applying nanotechnology for Lactobacillus incorporation in hygienic products. Further studies and well‐designed clinical trials are urgently required to complement the current knowledge and applications of probiotics in the female UGT. The use of probiotic formulas and products will improve and restore the ecological equilibrium of the UGT microbiome to prevent and treat UGTI in women under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Fátima Nader-Macías
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Priscilla Romina De Gregorio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jessica Alejandra Silva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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25
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Huang L, Cai M, Li L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Xiao J, Huang Q, Luo G, Zeng Z, Jin C, Jin Y, He J, Yang W. Gut microbiota changes in preeclampsia, abnormal placental growth and healthy pregnant women. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34607559 PMCID: PMC8489045 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a condition of high blood pressure that is usually concurrent with proteinuria in pregnancy. PE complicates the management of both maternal and fetal health and contributes to most adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanism underlying the development of PE remains unclear. In this study, we performed a case-control study to compare the gut microbiota of PE (n = 26), abnormal placental growth (APG, n = 25) and healthy pregnant women (n = 28) and analyzed the potential pathogenic role of gut microbiota in PE progression. Results The clinical pathophysiological state did not affect the bacterial diversity, while the compositions of the gut microbiota were significantly altered in both the PE and APG groups compared with healthy pregnant women. At the phylum level, TM7 was significantly increased in women with APG. Heterogeneity was observed at the genus level, especially in genera with positive LDA scores, suggesting the stage-dependent effect of gut microbiota on the development of PE. The beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus was markedly depleted in the PE and APG groups but was only correlated with blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria levels in the PE group. Two different bacterial taxa belonged to Lactobacillus showed different correlations (OTU255 and OTU784 were significantly related to PE and APG, respectively). Conclusions Our results indicated that shifts in the gut microbiota might occur from the early stages of the development of PE, which is of possible etiological and therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Huang
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China
| | - Min Cai
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China.,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China
| | - Guijuan Luo
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China.
| | - Weitao Yang
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Hunan, China.
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26
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Oh KY, Lee S, Lee MS, Lee MJ, Shim E, Hwang YH, Ha JG, Yang YS, Hwang IT, Park JS. Composition of Vaginal Microbiota in Pregnant Women With Aerobic Vaginitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:677648. [PMID: 34568084 PMCID: PMC8458944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal dysbiosis, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV), is an important cause of premature birth in pregnant women. However, there is very little research on vaginal microbial distribution in AV compared to that in BV. This study aimed to analyze the composition of the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with AV using microbial community analysis and identify the causative organism using each criterion of the AV scoring system. Also, we compared the quantification of aerobic bacteria using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and their relative abundances (RA) using metagenomics. This prospective case–control study included 228 pregnant Korean women from our previous study. A wet mount test was conducted on 159 women to diagnose AV using the AV scoring system. Vaginal samples were analyzed using metagenomics, Gram staining for Nugent score determination, conventional culture, and qPCR for Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae. The relative abundances (RAs) of eleven species showed significant differences among the three groups (Normal flora (NF), mild AV, and moderate AV). Three species including Lactobacillus crispatus were significantly lower in the AV groups than in the NF group, while eight species were higher in the AV groups, particularly moderate AV. The decrease in the RA of L. crispatus was common in three criteria of the AV scoring system (Lactobacillary, WBC, and background flora grades), while it did not show a significant difference among the three grade groups of the toxic leukocyte criterion. Also, the RAs of anaerobes, such as Gardnerella and Megasphaera, were higher in the AV groups, particularly moderate AV, while the RAs of aerobes were very low (RA < 0.01). Therefore, qPCR was performed for aerobes (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae); however, their quantification did not show a higher level in the AV groups when compared to that in the NF group. Therefore, AV might be affected by the RA of Lactobacillus spp. and the main anaerobes, such as Gardnerella spp. Activation of leukocytes under specific conditions might convert them to toxic leukocytes, despite high levels of L. crispatus. Thus, the pathogenesis of AV can be evaluated under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun Ha Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joong Gyu Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun Seok Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In Taek Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Sook Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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27
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Brokaw A, Furuta A, Dacanay M, Rajagopal L, Adams Waldorf KM. Bacterial and Host Determinants of Group B Streptococcal Vaginal Colonization and Ascending Infection in Pregnancy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:720789. [PMID: 34540718 PMCID: PMC8446444 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a gram-positive bacteria that asymptomatically colonizes the vaginal tract. However, during pregnancy maternal GBS colonization greatly predisposes the mother and baby to a wide range of adverse outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB), stillbirth, and neonatal infection. Although many mechanisms involved in GBS pathogenesis are partially elucidated, there is currently no approved GBS vaccine. The development of a safe and effective vaccine that can be administered during or prior to pregnancy remains a principal objective in the field, because current antibiotic-based therapeutic strategies do not eliminate all cases of invasive GBS infections. Herein, we review our understanding of GBS disease pathogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface with a focus on the bacterial virulence factors and host defenses that modulate the outcome of infection. We follow GBS along its path from an asymptomatic colonizer of the vagina to an invasive pathogen at the maternal-fetal interface, noting factors critical for vaginal colonization, ascending infection, and vertical transmission to the fetus. Finally, at each stage of infection we emphasize important host-pathogen interactions, which, if targeted therapeutically, may help to reduce the global burden of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Brokaw
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anna Furuta
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew Dacanay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Mozota M, Castro I, Gómez-Torres N, Arroyo R, Lailla Y, Somada M, Alba C, Rodríguez JM. Administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP101 in an Elderly Nursing Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immunological and Nutritional Impact. Foods 2021; 10:2149. [PMID: 34574259 PMCID: PMC8470390 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population living in nursing homes is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 although individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection may be related to the host microbiota. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP101 on the functional (Barthel index), cognitive (GDS/FAST), and nutritional (MNA) status as well as on the nasal and fecal inflammatory profiles of elderly residents living in a nursing home that is highly affected by COVID-19. A total of 25 residents participated in the trial, which involved the daily ingestion of a dairy product (L. salivarius MP101: 9.3 log10 CFU per unit) for 4 months. Nasal and fecal samples were analyzed for 37 immune factors at recruitment and at the end of the study. After the trial, no change in the GDS/FAST scores were found but, in contrast, the values for the Barthel index and the MNA score improved significantly. The concentrations of some immune factors changed significantly after the trial, including a decrease in the concentrations of BAFF/TNFSF13B, APRIL/TNFSF13, IL8, IL31, osteopontin, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2, and an increase in chitinase 3-like 1, IL19, IL35, and pentraxin 3 was also observed. In conclusion, L. salivarius MP101 seems to be a promising strain for improving or maintaining health in this highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mozota
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (I.C.); (N.G.-T.); (R.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (I.C.); (N.G.-T.); (R.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Natalia Gómez-Torres
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (I.C.); (N.G.-T.); (R.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (I.C.); (N.G.-T.); (R.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Yolanda Lailla
- Villa Villera, 22142 Sieso de Huesca, Spain; (Y.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Mario Somada
- Villa Villera, 22142 Sieso de Huesca, Spain; (Y.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (I.C.); (N.G.-T.); (R.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (I.C.); (N.G.-T.); (R.A.); (C.A.)
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29
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Sheyholislami H, Connor KL. Are Probiotics and Prebiotics Safe for Use during Pregnancy and Lactation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072382. [PMID: 34371892 PMCID: PMC8308823 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic and prebiotic products have shown potential health benefits, including for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The incidence of adverse effects in pregnant people and their infants associated with probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic intake, however, remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the evidence on adverse effects of maternal probiotic, prebiotic, and/or synbiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and interpret the findings to help inform clinical decision-making and care of this population. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases were searched using pre-determined terms, and risk of bias assessments were conducted to determine study quality. Inclusion criteria were English language studies, human studies, access to full-text, and probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation to the mother and not the infant. In total, 11/100 eligible studies reported adverse effects and were eligible for inclusion in quantitative analysis, and data were visualised in a GOfER diagram. Probiotic and prebiotic products are safe for use during pregnancy and lactation. One study reported increased risk of vaginal discharge and changes in stool consistency (relative risk [95% CI]: 3.67 [1.04, 13.0]) when administering Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. reuteri. Adverse effects associated with probiotic and prebiotic use do not pose any serious health concerns to mother or infant. Our findings and knowledge translation visualisations provide healthcare professionals and consumers with information to make evidence-informed decisions about the use of pre- and probiotics.
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30
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Patangia DV, Ryan CA, Dempsey E, Stanton C, Ross RP. Vertical transfer of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant strains across the mother/baby axis. Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:47-56. [PMID: 34172345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a health and socioeconomic crisis recognized as a serious threat affecting humans worldwide. Overuse of antibiotics enhances the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, causing drug-resistant infections which can be difficult to treat. This resistance, mostly of the acquired type, is thus a major clinical issue. Acquired resistance can occur by horizontal transfer of genes between bacteria (community settings), by vertical transmission that can occur between mother and her offspring at birth and during lactation, or spontaneously due to antibiotic exposure. While there have been multiple studies about the horizontal transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes, not many studies have been conducted to study their vertical transmission. Vertical transmission is of importance as the early bacterial colonization of infants has an impact on their health and immune programming throughout life. This review discusses some possible mechanisms of mother-to-infant transmission of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant strains and addresses the knowledge gaps for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrati V Patangia
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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31
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The correlation between vaginal microecological dysbiosis-related diseases and preterm birth: A review. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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32
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Sobrino OJ, Alba C, Arroyo R, Pérez I, Sariego L, Delgado S, Fernández L, de María J, Fumanal P, Fumanal A, Rodríguez JM. Replacement of Metaphylactic Antimicrobial Therapy by Oral Administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP100 in a Pig Farm. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666887. [PMID: 34136556 PMCID: PMC8200559 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in swine production contributes to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria, which poses a threat on human health. Therefore, alternative approaches must be developed. The objective of this work was the characterization of the probiotic properties of a Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain isolated from sow's milk and its application as an inoculated fermented feed to pregnant sows and piglets. The study was carried in a farm in which metaphylactic use of antimicrobials (including zinc oxide) was eliminated at the time of starting the probiotic intervention, which lasted for 2 years. Feces from 8-week-old piglets were collected before and after the treatment and microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed. The procedure led to an increase in the concentrations of clostridia and lactobacilli-related bacteria. Parallel, an increase in the concentration of butyrate, propionate and acetate was observed and a notable reduction in the presence of antibiotic resistant lactobacilli became apparent. In conclusion, replacement of antimicrobials by a microbiota-friendly approach was feasible and led to positive microbiological and biochemical changes in the enteric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odón J. Sobrino
- Scientific Society of Veterinary Public and Community Health (SOCIVESC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Sariego
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Guo J, Han X, Huang W, You Y, Zhan J. Gut dysbiosis during early life: causes, health outcomes, and amelioration via dietary intervention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7199-7221. [PMID: 33909528 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1912706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The colonization and maturation of gut microbiota (GM) is a delicate and precise process, which continues to influence not only infancy and childhood but also adulthood health by affecting immunity. However, many perinatal factors, including gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic administration, feeding mode, and environmental and maternal factors, can disturb this well-designed process, increasing the morbidity of various gut dysbiosis-related diseases, such as type-1-diabetes, allergies, necrotizing enterocolitis, and obesity. In this review, we discussed the early-life colonization and maturation of the GM, factors influencing this process, and diseases related to the disruption of this process. Moreover, we focused on discussing dietary interventions, including probiotics, oligosaccharides, nutritional supplementation, and exclusive enteral nutrition, in ameliorating early-life dysbiosis and diseases related to it. Furthermore, possible mechanisms, and shortcomings, as well as potential solutions to the drawbacks of dietary interventions, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Application of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to Achieve Term Pregnancies in Women with Repetitive Abortion or Infertility of Unknown Origin by Microbiological and Immunological Modulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010162. [PMID: 33419054 PMCID: PMC7825435 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the cervicovaginal environment of women with reproductive failure (repetitive abortion, infertility of unknown origin) was assessed and compared to that of healthy fertile women. Subsequently, the ability of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to increase pregnancy rates in women with reproductive failure was evaluated. Vaginal pH and Nugent score were higher in women with reproductive failure than in fertile women. The opposite was observed regarding the immune factors TGF-β 1, TFG-β 2, and VEFG. Lactobacilli were detected at a higher frequency and concentration in fertile women than in women with repetitive abortion or infertility. The metataxonomic study revealed that vaginal samples from fertile women were characterized by the high abundance of Lactobacillus sequences, while DNA from this genus was practically absent in one third of samples from women with reproductive failure. Daily oral administration of L. salivarius CECT5713 (~9 log10 CFU/day) to women with reproductive failure for a maximum of 6 months resulted in an overall successful pregnancy rate of 56%. The probiotic intervention modified key microbiological, biochemical, and immunological parameters in women who got pregnant. In conclusion, L. salivarius CECT5713 has proved to be a good candidate to improve reproductive success in women with reproductive failure.
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Shiroda M, Manning SD. Lactobacillus strains vary in their ability to interact with human endometrial stromal cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238993. [PMID: 32925983 PMCID: PMC7489503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental membranes that surround the fetus during pregnancy were suggested to contain a low abundance microbiota. Specifically, abundance of Lactobacillus, a probiotic and dominant member of the microbiome of the lower reproductive tract, has been shown to correlate with healthy, term pregnancies. We therefore sought to assess the interactions between four different Lactobacillus strains with immortalized decidualized endometrial cells (dT-HESCs), which were used as a model to represent the outermost layer of the placental membranes. Notably, we demonstrated that all four Lactobacillus strains could associate with dT-HESCs in vitro. L. crispatus was significantly more successful (p < 0.00005), with 10.6% of bacteria attaching to the host cells compared to an average of 0.8% for the remaining three strains. The four strains also varied in their ability to form biofilms. Dependent on media type, L. reuteri 6475 formed the strongest biofilms in vitro. To examine the impact on immune responses, levels of total and phosphorylated protein p38, a member of the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway, were examined following Lactobacillus association with dT-HESCs. Total levels of p38 were reduced to an average of 44% that of the cells without Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). While a trend towards a reduction in phosphorylated p38 was observed, this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, association with Lactobacillus did not result in increased host cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that varying types of Lactobacillus can attach to the outermost cells of the placental membranes and that these interactions do not contribute to inflammatory responses or host cell death. To our knowledge this is the first in vitro study to support the ability of Lactobacillus to interact with placental cells, which is important when considering its use as a potential probiotic within the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Shiroda
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Crespo-Ortiz MDP, Burbano ME, Barreto M. Pathogenesis and in vivo interactions of human Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in the Galleria mellonella invertebrate model. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104400. [PMID: 32736013 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a gram positive bacterium colonizing the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts in humans. However under certain conditions GBS invades leading to severe infections in neonates, pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and the elderly people. The precise mechanisms involved in the transition from colonizer to pathogen remain to be elucidated, however it has been suggested that environmental determinants may regulate gene expression resulting in GBS invasion. We have assessed the potential of the moth Galleria mellonella as a model to study the in vivo virulence and GBS interactions of invasive and noninvasive human isolates from our population. Temperature, pH and bacterial competition effects were examined in the model as well as the response of Galleria hemocytes to GBS infection. GBS strains were able to effectively grow and infect G. mellonella in a dose dependent manner with a (half-lethal dose) LD50 1 × 107 CFU after 24 h. GBS infection induced larva melanization with hemocyte vacuolation and depletion. Larval killing increased with environmental conditions such as temperature (37 °C) and pH (≥5.5-7.2). Bacterial interference assays showed a remarkable antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri (cells and filtrates) on GBS infection and significantly improved Galleria survival. The protective effect of L. gasseri was observed even at ratios similar to those of GBS colonization suggesting that L. gasseri modulation by its metabolic products is relevant. Exposure to L. gasseri acidic filtrates induced growth inhibition and prevented larva killing after infection with the hypervirulent GBS clone (a multiresistant clinical ST 17 strain). We showed that mechanisms mediating these effects are mainly pH dependent, however other mechanisms may have a role depending on inocula. We also found that G. mellonella infected with invasive human GBS isolates showed differential killing curves with higher killing rates after 24 h when compared to those considered colonizers or noninvasive isolates. Overall it has been shown that G. mellonella may be a representative in vivo model for baseline GBS studies. Given the potential effects over the hypervirulent strain, our findings support the use of L. gasseri in the GBS control strategies based on Lactobacillus formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, University del Valle, San Fernando Campus, Calle 4 B #36-00, Cali, 760043, Colombia.
| | - Maria Elena Burbano
- Department of Microbiology, University del Valle, San Fernando Campus, Calle 4 B #36-00, Cali, 760043, Colombia.
| | - Mauricio Barreto
- Department of Microbiology, University del Valle, San Fernando Campus, Calle 4 B #36-00, Cali, 760043, Colombia.
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Siddiqui RA, Moghadasian MH. Nutraceuticals and Nutrition Supplements: Challenges and Opportunities. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061593. [PMID: 32485839 PMCID: PMC7352266 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafat A. Siddiqui
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(804)-524-5957
| | - Mohammed H. Moghadasian
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Canadian Center for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Hayes K, O'Halloran F, Cotter L. A review of antibiotic resistance in Group B Streptococcus: the story so far. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:253-269. [PMID: 32363979 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1758626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal disease worldwide, and invasive disease in adults is becoming more prevalent. Currently, some countries adopt an intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis regime to help prevent the transmission of GBS from mother to neonate during delivery. This precaution has reduced the incidence of GBS-associated early-onset disease; however, rates of late-onset disease and stillbirths associated with GBS infections remain unchanged. GBS is still recognized as being universally susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics; however, there have been reports of reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams, including penicillin, in some countries. Resistance to second-line antibiotics, such as erythromycin and clindamycin, remains high amongst GBS, with several countries noting increased resistance rates in recent years. Moreover, resistance to other antibiotic classes, such as fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, also continues to rise. In instances where patients are allergic to penicillin and second-line antibiotics are ineffective, vancomycin is administered. While vancomycin, a last resort antibiotic, still remains largely effective, there have been two documented cases of vancomycin resistance in GBS. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in GBS and outlines the specific resistance mechanisms identified in GBS isolates to date.
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Laboratory Analysis Techniques for the Perinatal Microbiome: Implications for Studies of Probiotic Interventions. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 34:239-250. [PMID: 32697544 PMCID: PMC9528808 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome is composed of many organisms and is impacted by an intricate exchange between genetics and environmental factors. The perinatal microbiome influences both the developing fetus and the pregnant person. The purpose of this article is to describe the tests that are currently available for laboratory analysis of the perinatal microbiome in relationship to probiotic interventions. This article focuses on the bacterial component of the microbiome. Although adverse outcomes associated with the perinatal microbiome have been studied, a comprehensive understanding of the physiologic perinatal microbiome is still emerging. Early efforts to influence the perinatal microbiome through probiotics are currently under investigation. Unique terminology is defined, and the microbial composition of perinatal microbiota is summarized. The outcomes of studies of antenatal probiotics are summarized. Microbiome testing and analysis are defined and compared. Implications for perinatal care and probiotics research are presented.
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Marziali G, Foschi C, Parolin C, Vitali B, Marangoni A. In-vitro effect of vaginal lactobacilli against group B Streptococcus. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103692. [PMID: 31445119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS) is a leading cause of infection during pregnancy, preterm birth and neonatal infection, with a significant clinical and socio-economic impact. To prevent maternal GBS vaginal colonization, new antibiotic-free approaches, based on lactobacilli probiotics, are advisable. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-GBS activity of 14 vaginal Lactobacillus strains, belonging to different species (L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. vaginalis), isolated from healthy pre-menopausal women. In particular, we performed 'inhibition' experiments, evaluating the ability of both Lactobacillus cells and culture supernatants in reducing Streptococcus viability, after 60 min contact time. First, we demonstrated that the acidic milieu, produced by vaginal lactobacilli metabolism, is crucial in counteracting GBS growth in a pH-dependent manner. Experiments with organic/inorganic acid solutions confirmed the strict correlation between pH levels and the anti-GBS activity. GBS was more sensitive to lactic acid than to hydrochloric acid, indicating that the presence of H+ ions is necessary but not sufficient for the inhibitory activity. Moreover, experiments with Lactobacillus pH-adjusted supernatants led to exclude a direct role in the anti-GBS activity by other bioactive molecules. Second, we found that only a few Lactobacillus strains were able to reduce Streptococcus viability by means of cell pellets. The anti-GBS effect displayed by Lactobacillus cells was related to the their ability to interact and aggregate with Streptococcus cells. We found that the anti-GBS activity was retained after methanol/proteinase K treatment, but lost after lysozyme exposure of Lactobacillus cells. Therefore, we supposed that non-proteinaceous components of Lactobacillus cell wall could be responsible for the anti-GBS activity. In conclusion, we identified specific Lactobacillus strains able to interfere with GBS viability by multiple strategies and we elucidated some of the mechanisms of action. These strains could serve as probiotic formulations for the prevention of GBS vaginal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Marziali
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Foschi
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, Italy
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