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Ulusoy-Gezer HG, Rakıcıoğlu N. The Future of Obesity Management through Precision Nutrition: Putting the Individual at the Center. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:455-477. [PMID: 38806863 PMCID: PMC11327204 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise steadily. While obesity management typically relies on dietary and lifestyle modifications, individual responses to these interventions vary widely. Clinical guidelines for overweight and obesity stress the importance of personalized approaches to care. This review aims to underscore the role of precision nutrition in delivering tailored interventions for obesity management. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent technological strides have expanded our ability to detect obesity-related genetic polymorphisms, with machine learning algorithms proving pivotal in analyzing intricate genomic data. Machine learning algorithms can also predict postprandial glucose, triglyceride, and insulin levels, facilitating customized dietary interventions and ultimately leading to successful weight loss. Additionally, given that adherence to dietary recommendations is one of the key predictors of weight loss success, employing more objective methods for dietary assessment and monitoring can enhance sustained long-term compliance. Biomarkers of food intake hold promise for a more objective dietary assessment. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of obesity, precision nutrition stands poised to transform obesity management by tailoring dietary interventions to individuals' genetic backgrounds, gut microbiota, metabolic profiles, and behavioral patterns. However, there is insufficient evidence demonstrating the superiority of precision nutrition over traditional dietary recommendations. The integration of precision nutrition into routine clinical practice requires further validation through randomized controlled trials and the accumulation of a larger body of evidence to strengthen its foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Gül Ulusoy-Gezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Türkiye.
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Kim B, Song A, Son A, Shin Y. Gut microbiota and epigenetic choreography: Implications for human health: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39051. [PMID: 39029010 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The interwoven relationship between gut microbiota and the epigenetic landscape constitutes a pivotal axis in understanding human health and disease. Governed by a myriad of dietary, genetic, and environmental influences, the gut microbiota orchestrates a sophisticated metabolic interplay, shaping nutrient utilization, immune responses, and defenses against pathogens. Recent strides in genomics and metabolomics have shed light on the intricate connections between these microbial influencers and the host's physiological dynamics, presenting a dynamic panorama across diverse disease spectra. DNA methylation and histone modifications, as key players in epigenetics, intricately align with the dynamic orchestration of the gut microbiota. This seamless collaboration, notably evident in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, has captured the attention of researchers, prompting an exploration of its nuanced choreography. Nevertheless, challenges abound. Analyzing data is intricate due to the multifaceted nature of the gut microbiota and the limitations of current analytical methods. This underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach, where diverse disciplines converge to pave innovative research pathways. The integration of insights from microbiome and epigenome studies assumes paramount importance in unraveling the complexities of this intricate partnership. Deciphering the synchronized interactions within this collaboration offers a deeper understanding of these delicate interplays, potentially heralding revolutionary strides in treatment modalities and strategies for enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee Kim
- Crescenta Valley High School, La Crescenta, CA
| | - Angel Song
- Harvard-Westlake School, Studio City, CA
| | - Andrew Son
- Bellarmine College Preparatory, San Jose, CA
| | - Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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3
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Eveleens Maarse BC, Eggink HM, Warnke I, Bijlsma S, van den Broek TJ, Oosterman JE, Caspers MPM, Sybesma W, Gal P, van Kraaij SJW, Schuren FHJ, Moerland M, Hoevenaars FPM. Impact of fibre supplementation on microbiome and resilience in healthy participants: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1416-1426. [PMID: 38499450 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gut microbiome exerts important roles in health, e.g., functions in metabolism and immunology. These functions are often exerted via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by gut bacteria. Studies demonstrating causal relationships between interventions targeting the microbiome and clinical outcomes are limited. This study aimed to show a causal relationship between microbiome modulation through fibre intervention and health. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study included 65 healthy subjects, aged 45-70 years, with increased metabolic risk (i.e., body mass index [BMI] 25-30 kg/m2, low to moderate daily dietary fibre intake, <30g/day). Subjects took daily a fibre mixture of Acacia gum and carrot powder or placebo for 12 weeks, with an 8-week wash-out period. Faecal samples for measurement of SCFAs and microbiome analysis were collected every 4 weeks. Before and after each intervention period subjects underwent the mixed-meal PhenFlex challenge Test (PFT). Health effects were expressed as resilience to the stressors of the PFT and as fasting metabolic and inflammatory state. The fibre mixture exerted microbiome modulation, with an increase in β-diversity (p < 0.001). α-diversity was lower during fibre mixture intake compared to placebo after 4, 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.002; p = 0.012; p = 0.031). There was no effect observed on faecal SCFA concentrations, nor on any of the primary clinical outcomes (Inflammatory resilience: p = 0.605, Metabolic resilience: p = 0.485). CONCLUSION Although the intervention exerted effects on gut microbiome composition, no effects on SCFA production, on resilience or fasting metabolic and inflammatory state were observed in this cohort. REGISTRATION NUMBER CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT04829396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ines Warnke
- dsm-firmenich, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Bijlsma
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J van den Broek
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H J Schuren
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Simpson AMR, De Souza MJ, Damani J, Rogers CJ, Williams NI, Weaver CM, Ferruzzi MG, Nakatsu CH. Gut microbes differ in postmenopausal women responding to prunes to maintain hip bone mineral density. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1389638. [PMID: 38706560 PMCID: PMC11067506 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Foods high in phenolics such as prunes have been shown to exert protective effects on bone mineral density (BMD), but only certain individuals experience these benefits. This post-hoc analysis of a 12-month randomized controlled trial aimed to identify the relationship among the gut microbiome, immune responses, and bone protective effects of prunes on postmenopausal women. Subjects who consumed 50-100 g prunes daily were divided into responders (n = 20) and non-responders (n = 32) based on percent change in total hip bone mineral density (BMD, ≥1% or ≤-1% change, respectively). DXA scans were used to determine body composition and BMD. Immune markers were measured using immunoassays and flow cytometry. Targeted phenolic metabolites were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The fecal microbiota was characterized through 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicon sequencing. After 12 months of prune consumption, anti-inflammatory markers showed responders had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. QIIME2 sequence analysis showed that microbiomes of responders and non-responders differed in alpha (Shannon and Faith PD, Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.05) and beta diversity (unweighted Unifrac, PERMANOVA p < 0.04) metrics both before and after prune treatment. Furthermore, responders had a higher abundance of bacterial families Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae (ANCOM-BC p < 0.05). These findings provide evidence that postmenopausal women with initial low BMD can benefit from prunes if they host certain gut microbes. These insights can guide precision nutrition strategies to improve BMD tailored to diet and microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA, United States
| | - Janhavi Damani
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA, United States
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA, United States
| | - Nancy I Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA, United States
| | - Connie M Weaver
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Cindy H Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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5
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Zhu SJ, Ding Z. Association between gut microbiota and seven gastrointestinal diseases: A Mendelian randomized study. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3623. [PMID: 37957025 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational research has shed light on the ability of gut microbes to influence the onset and progression of gastrointestinal diseases. The causal relationships between specific gut microbiomes and various gastrointestinal conditions, however, remain unknown. METHODS We investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and seven specific gastrointestinal disorders using a robust two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis tool in our study. Furthermore, we conducted multiple sensitivity analyses to strengthen the robustness of our findings and ensure the reliability of the IVW method. RESULTS Our research has discovered significant links between the composition of gut microbiota and a variety of gastrointestinal ailments. We found compelling links between 13 gut microbiota and fatty liver, four gut microbiota and cirrhosis, eight gut microbiota and hepatocellular carcinoma, four gut microbiota and cholelithiasis, 12 gut microbiota and acute pancreatitis, eight gut microbiota and chronic pancreatitis, and 11 gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer. These findings shed light on the intricate relationship between gut microbes and the emergence of these specific gastrointestinal conditions. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this extensive study not only validate the potential role of specific gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases, but also fill a critical gap in previous research. The discovery of these specific gut microbiota is a significant step forward because they may serve as novel and promising biomarkers for both the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jing Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Khiroya K, Sekyere E, McEwen B, Bayes J. Nutritional considerations in major depressive disorder: current evidence and functional testing for clinical practice. Nutr Res Rev 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37964733 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a multifaceted condition with diverse underlying causes. Several contributing and inter-related factors such as genetic, nutritional, neurological, physiological, gut-brain-axis, metabolic and psychological stress factors play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review aims to highlight the role that nutritional factors play in the aetiology of depression. Secondly, we discuss the biomedical and functional pathology tests which measure these factors, and the current evidence supporting their use. Lastly, we make recommendations on how practitioners can incorporate the latest evidence-based research findings into clinical practice. This review highlights that diet and nutrition greatly affect the pathophysiology of depression. Nutrients influence gene expression, with folate and vitamin B12 playing vital roles in methylation reactions and homocysteine regulation. Nutrients are also involved in the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Additionally, diet influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response and the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, both of which have been implicated in depression. A comprehensive dietary assessment, combined with appropriate evaluation of biochemistry and blood pathology, may help uncover contributing factors to depressive symptoms. By employing such an approach, a more targeted and personalised treatment strategy can be devised, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Khiroya
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, Haymarket, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Sekyere
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, Haymarket, NSW, Australia
| | - Bradley McEwen
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Bayes
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Barreiros-Mota I, R. Araújo J, Marques C, Sousa L, Morais J, Castela I, Faria A, Neto MT, Cordeiro-Ferreira G, Virella D, Pita A, Pereira-da-Silva L, Calhau C. Changes in Microbiota Profile in the Proximal Remnant Intestine in Infants Undergoing Surgery Requiring Enterostomy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2482. [PMID: 37894140 PMCID: PMC10609405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life gut dysbiosis has been associated with an increased risk of inflammatory, metabolic, and immune diseases later in life. Data on gut microbiota changes in infants undergoing intestinal surgery requiring enterostomy are scarce. This prospective cohort study examined the enterostomy effluent of 29 infants who underwent intestinal surgery due to congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract, necrotizing enterocolitis, or spontaneous intestinal perforation. Initial effluent samples were collected immediately after surgery and final effluent samples were collected three weeks later. Gut microbiota composition was analysed using real-time PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Three weeks after surgery, an increase in total bacteria number (+21%, p = 0.026), a decrease in Staphylococcus (-21%, p = 0.002) and Candida spp. (-16%, p = 0.045), and an increase in Lactobacillus (+3%, p = 0.045) and in less abundant genera belonging to the Enterobacteriales family were found. An increase in alpha diversity (Shannon's and Simpson's indexes) and significant alterations in beta diversity were observed. A correlation of necrotizing enterocolitis with higher Staphylococcus abundance and higher alpha diversity was also observed. H2-blockers and/or proton pump inhibitor therapy were positively correlated with a higher total bacteria number. In conclusion, these results suggest that positive changes occur in the gut microbiota profile of infants three weeks after intestinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barreiros-Mota
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.T.N.); (L.P.-d.-S.)
| | - João R. Araújo
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Sousa
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Juliana Morais
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.T.N.); (L.P.-d.-S.)
| | - Inês Castela
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.T.N.); (L.P.-d.-S.)
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.T.N.); (L.P.-d.-S.)
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Neto
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.T.N.); (L.P.-d.-S.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.-F.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
- Medicine of Woman, Childhood and Adolescence Academic Area, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cordeiro-Ferreira
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.-F.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniel Virella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.-F.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Ana Pita
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.-F.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.T.N.); (L.P.-d.-S.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.C.-F.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
- Medicine of Woman, Childhood and Adolescence Academic Area, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; (I.B.-M.); (J.R.A.); (C.M.); (L.S.); (I.C.); (A.F.)
- Nutrition & Metabolism Department, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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Rethorst CD, Githinji P, Seguin-Fowler RA, MacMillan Uribe AL, Szeszulski J, Liao Y. Real-time Assessment of the Bidirectional Relationship Between Affective States and Glucose: Protocol for a 14-Day Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e45104. [PMID: 36947140 PMCID: PMC10132050 DOI: 10.2196/45104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose variability increases cardiometabolic disease risk. While many factors can influence glucose levels, postprandial glucose response is the primary driver of glucose variability. Furthermore, affect may directly and indirectly impact glucose variability through its effect on eating behavior. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) facilitate the real-time evaluation of blood glucose, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to assess affect in real time. Together, data collected from these sources provide the opportunity to further understand the role of affect in glucose levels. OBJECTIVE This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to (1) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using CGMs along with EMA in nondiabetic populations and (2) examine the bidirectional relationship between affect and glucose in nondiabetic adults with overweight or obesity using a CGM and EMA. METHODS Eligibility criteria for the study include participants (1) aged 18 to 65 years old, (2) with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, (3) who are able to read and write in English, and (4) who own a smartphone. Individuals will be excluded if they (1) have type 1 or 2 diabetes or have any other condition that requires glucose monitoring, (2) are pregnant, (3) use any medications that have the potential to alter blood glucose levels or interfere with the glucose sensing process, or (4) have a diagnosed gastrointestinal condition or eating disorder. In a 14-day observational study, participants will wear a FreeStyle Libre Pro CGM sensor (Abbott) and will receive mobile phone-based EMA prompts 6 times per day (randomly within six 2-hour windows between 8 AM and 8 PM) to assess positive and negative affect. Participants will also wear a Fitbit Inspire 2 (Fitbit) to continuously monitor physical activity and sleep, which will be included as covariates in the analysis. Multilevel linear regression models will be used to evaluate the acute relationship between glucose level and affect. RESULTS Recruitment started in October 2022 and is expected to be completed in March 2023. We will aim to recruit 100 participants. As of December 12, 2022, a total of 39 participants have been enrolled. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will further elucidate the role of affect in glucose variability. By identifying affective states that may lead to glucose excursions, our findings could inform just-in-time behavioral interventions by indicating opportunities for intervention delivery. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/45104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Rethorst
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Phrashiah Githinji
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca A Seguin-Fowler
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Jacob Szeszulski
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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9
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Thompson HJ, Lutsiv T. Natural Products in Precision Oncology: Plant-Based Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Kinases for Cancer Chemoprevention. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051192. [PMID: 36904191 PMCID: PMC10005680 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Striking progress is being made in cancer treatment by using small molecule inhibitors of specific protein kinases that are products of genes recognized as drivers for a specific type of cancer. However, the cost of newly developed drugs is high, and these pharmaceuticals are neither affordable nor accessible in most parts of the world. Accordingly, this narrative review aims to probe how these recent successes in cancer treatment can be reverse-engineered into affordable and accessible approaches for the global community. This challenge is addressed through the lens of cancer chemoprevention, defined as using pharmacological agents of natural or synthetic origin to impede, arrest, or reverse carcinogenesis at any stage in the disease process. In this regard, prevention refers to reducing cancer-related deaths. Recognizing the clinical successes and limitations of protein kinase inhibitor treatment strategies, the disciplines of pharmacognosy and chemotaxonomy are juxtaposed with current efforts to exploit the cancer kinome to describe a conceptual framework for developing a natural product-based approach for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-491-7748
| | - Tymofiy Lutsiv
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Graduate Program in Cell & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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10
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Haskey N, Gold SL, Faith JJ, Raman M. To Fiber or Not to Fiber: The Swinging Pendulum of Fiber Supplementation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051080. [PMID: 36904081 PMCID: PMC10005525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials. However, the pendulum has swung because of our increased understanding of the importance of fibers in maintaining a health-associated microbiome. Preliminary evidence suggests that dietary fiber can alter the gut microbiome, improve IBD symptoms, balance inflammation, and enhance health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is now more vital than ever to examine how fiber could be used as a therapeutic strategy to manage and prevent disease relapse. At present, there is limited knowledge about which fibers are optimal and in what form and quantity they should be consumed to benefit patients with IBD. Additionally, individual microbiomes play a strong role in determining the outcomes and necessitate a more personalized nutritional approach to implementing dietary changes, as dietary fiber may not be as benign as once thought in a dysbiotic microbiome. This review describes dietary fibers and their mechanism of action within the microbiome, details novel fiber sources, including resistant starches and polyphenols, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, including the move toward precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, The Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia—Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 6D33 TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephanie L. Gold
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 6D33 TRW Building, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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11
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Tacconi E, Palma G, De Biase D, Luciano A, Barbieri M, de Nigris F, Bruzzese F. Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness-A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030563. [PMID: 36771270 PMCID: PMC9920414 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits in the origin of these pathologies may be food sources, in particular, high fat meat, offal, egg yolk, whole dairy products, and fatty fish, but intercalated between these food sources and the production of pro-inflammatory TMAO, the composition of gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating this process. The aim of this review is to explain how the gut microbiota interacts with the conversion of specific compounds into TMA and its oxidation to TMAO. We will first cover the correlation between TMAO and various pathologies such as dysbiosis, then focus on cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic factors, and then on systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we will discuss primary prevention and therapies that are or may become possible. Possible treatments include modulation of the gut microbiota species with diets, physical activity and supplements, and administration of drugs, such as metformin and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Tacconi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Barbieri
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Song EJ, Shin JH. Personalized Diets based on the Gut Microbiome as a Target for Health Maintenance: from Current Evidence to Future Possibilities. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1497-1505. [PMID: 36398438 PMCID: PMC9843811 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2209.09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of personalized nutrition has been developed, which states that food components do not always lead to the same metabolic responses, but vary from person to person. Although this concept has been studied based on individual genetic backgrounds, researchers have recently explored its potential role in the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota physiologically communicates with humans by forming a bidirectional relationship with the micronutrients, macronutrients, and phytochemicals consumed by the host. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can vary from person to person and can be easily shifted by diet. Therefore, several recent studies have reported the application of personalized nutrition to intestinal microflora. This review provides an overview of the interaction of diet with the gut microbiome and the latest evidence in understanding the inter-individual differences in dietary responsiveness according to individual baseline gut microbiota and microbiome-associated dietary intervention in diseases. The diversity of the gut microbiota and the presence of specific microorganisms can be attributed to physiological differences following dietary intervention. The difference in individual responsiveness based on the gut microbiota has the potential to become an important research approach for personalized nutrition and health management, although further well-designed large-scale studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Shin
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-63-219-9446 Fax: +82-63-219-9876 E-mail:
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13
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Wilson A, Altman K, Schindler T, Schwarzenberg SJ. Updates in Nutrition Management of Cystic Fibrosis in the Highly Effective Modulator Era. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:727-742. [PMID: 36344077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Attainment and maintenance of good nutrition has been an important aspect of management in cystic fibrosis (CF) for decades. In the era of highly effective modulator therapy for CF, the quality of the nutrients we recommend is increasingly important. Our therapy must support our patients' health for many years beyond what we previously thought. Preventing cardiovascular disease, reducing hyperlipidemia, and optimizing lean body mass for active, longer lives now join the long-standing goal of promoting lung function through nutrition. This chapter summarizes recent developments in nutrition in people with CF, with an eye to the evolution of our practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wilson
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Research, Clinical Research Services, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, K333, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kimberly Altman
- Gunnar Esiason Adult Cystic Fibrosis and Lung Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terri Schindler
- Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital
| | - Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Academic Office Building, 2450 Riverside Avenue South AO-201, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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14
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Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Differential Effects of Fructo-Oligosaccharides (FOS) Supplementation on the Human Gut Ecosystem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911728. [PMID: 36233028 PMCID: PMC9569659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the gut ecosystem, including the microbiome and the metabolome, and the host immune system after fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation were evaluated. The supplementation of FOS showed large inter-individual variability in the absolute numbers of fecal bacteria and an increase in Bifidobacterium. The fecal metabolome analysis revealed individual variability in fructose utilization in response to FOS supplementation. In addition, immunoglobulin A(IgA) tended to increase upon FOS intake, and peripheral blood monocytes significantly decreased upon FOS intake and kept decreasing in the post-FOS phase. Further analysis using a metagenomic approach showed that the differences could be at least in part due to the differences in gene expressions of enzymes that are involved in the fructose metabolism pathway. While the study showed individual differences in the expected health benefits of FOS supplementation, the accumulation of “personalized” knowledge of the gut ecosystem with its genetic expression may enable effective instructions on prebiotic consumption to optimize health benefits for individuals in the future.
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15
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Thomas A, Thomas A, Butler-Sanchez M. Dietary Modification for the Restoration of Gut Microbiome and Management of Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:608-621. [PMID: 36072680 PMCID: PMC9442469 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211012968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder leading to chronic debilitating issues. A healthy diet plays an integral role in maintaining the gut microbiota equilibrium, thus promoting digestive health. The structure and function of gut microbiota are affected by genetics and environmental factors, such as altered dietary habits, gastroenteritis, stress, increased use of alcohol and drugs, and medication use. Whereas there are various management approaches cited in the literature to manage symptoms of IBS, the purpose of this article is to focus on dietary options that will restore the gut microbiome and help in managing IBS symptoms. Some of the diets that are discussed in this article include a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet, gluten-free/wheat-free diet, high-fiber diet, dietary and herbal supplements (psyllium, peppermint oil), and probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics. The clinical practice guidelines recommended by the American College of Gastroenterology outlines evidence-based dietary recommendations for patients with IBS to manage symptoms. Recent advancements in the dietary management of IBS highlighting the use of a patient-centered, personalized nutrition approach along with lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapies, and psychosocial and behavioral interventions are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thomas
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune,
India, and University of Illinois Health Sciences System, Chicago,
Illinois
| | - Annie Thomas
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola
University Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Mattes RD, Rowe SB, Ohlhorst SD, Brown AW, Hoffman DJ, Liska DJ, Feskens EJM, Dhillon J, Tucker KL, Epstein LH, Neufeld LM, Kelley M, Fukagawa NK, Sunde RA, Zeisel SH, Basile AJ, Borth LE, Jackson E. Valuing the Diversity of Research Methods to Advance Nutrition Science. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1324-1393. [PMID: 35802522 PMCID: PMC9340992 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASN Board of Directors appointed the Nutrition Research Task Force to develop a report on scientific methods used in nutrition science to advance discovery, interpretation, and application of knowledge in the field. The genesis of this report was growing concern about the tone of discourse among nutrition professionals and the implications of acrimony on the productive study and translation of nutrition science. Too often, honest differences of opinion are cast as conflicts instead of areas of needed collaboration. Recognition of the value (and limitations) of contributions from well-executed nutrition science derived from the various approaches used in the discipline, as well as appreciation of how their layering will yield the strongest evidence base, will provide a basis for greater productivity and impact. Greater collaborative efforts within the field of nutrition science will require an understanding that each method or approach has a place and function that should be valued and used together to create the nutrition evidence base. Precision nutrition was identified as an important emerging nutrition topic by the preponderance of task force members, and this theme was adopted for the report because it lent itself to integration of many approaches in nutrition science. Although the primary audience for this report is nutrition researchers and other nutrition professionals, a secondary aim is to develop a document useful for the various audiences that translate nutrition research, including journalists, clinicians, and policymakers. The intent is to promote accurate, transparent, verifiable evidence-based communication about nutrition science. This will facilitate reasoned interpretation and application of emerging findings and, thereby, improve understanding and trust in nutrition science and appropriate characterization, development, and adoption of recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonard H Epstein
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Kelley
- Michael Kelley Nutrition Science Consulting, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven H Zeisel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Lee SHF, Ahmad SR, Lim YC, Zulkipli IN. The Use of Probiotic Therapy in Metabolic and Neurological Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:887019. [PMID: 35592636 PMCID: PMC9110960 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.887019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is home to trillions of microbes that interact with host cells to influence and contribute to body functions. The number of scientific studies focusing on the gut microbiome has exponentially increased in recent years. Studies investigating factors that may potentially affect the gut microbiome and may be used for therapeutic purposes in diseases where dysbioses in the gut microbiome have been shown are of particular interest. This review compiles current evidence available in the scientific literature on the use of probiotics to treat metabolic diseases and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to analyze the efficacy of probiotics in these diseases. To do this, we must first define the healthy gut microbiome before looking at the interplay between the gut microbiome and diseases, and how probiotics affect this interaction. In metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, probiotic supplementation positively impacts pathological parameters. Conversely, the gut–brain axis significantly impacts neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASDs. However, manipulating the gut microbiome and disease symptoms using probiotics has less pronounced effects on neurodevelopmental diseases. This may be due to a more complex interplay between genetics and the environment in these diseases. In conclusion, the use of microbe-based probiotic therapy may potentially have beneficial effects in ameliorating the pathology of various diseases. Validation of available data for the development of personalized treatment regimens for affected patients is still required.
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18
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Park S, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Kim SH, Kim MS. Interactions between Polygenic Risk Scores, Dietary Pattern, and Menarche Age with the Obesity Risk in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:3772. [PMID: 34836030 PMCID: PMC8622855 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese Asians are more susceptible to metabolic diseases than obese Caucasians of the same body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that the genetic variants associated with obesity risk interact with the lifestyles of middle-aged and elderly adults, possibly allowing the development of personalized interventions based on genotype. We aimed to examine this hypothesis in a large city hospital-based cohort in Korea. The participants with cancers, thyroid diseases, chronic kidney disease, or brain-related diseases were excluded. The participants were divided into case and control according to their BMI: ≥25 kg/m2 (case; n = 17,545) and <25 kg/m2 (control; n = 36,283). The genetic variants that affected obesity risk were selected using a genome-wide association study, and the genetic variants that interacted with each other were identified by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. The selected genetic variants were confirmed in the Ansan/Ansung cohort, and polygenetic risk scores (PRS)-nutrient interactions for obesity risk were determined. A high BMI was associated with a high-fat mass (odds ratio (OR) = 20.71) and a high skeletal muscle-mass index (OR = 3.38). A high BMI was positively related to metabolic syndrome and its components, including lipid profiles, whereas the initial menstruation age was inversely associated with a high BMI (OR = 0.78). The best model with 5-SNPs included SEC16B_rs543874, DNAJC27_rs713586, BDNF_rs6265, MC4R_rs6567160, and GIPR_rs1444988703. The high PRS with the 5-SNP model was positively associated with an obesity risk of 1.629 (1.475-1.798) after adjusting for the covariates. The 5-SNP model interacted with the initial menstruation age, fried foods, and plant-based diet for BMI risk. The participants with a high PRS also had a higher obesity risk when combined with early menarche, low plant-based diet, and a high fried-food intake than in participants with late menarche, high plant-based diet, and low fried-food intake. In conclusion, people with a high PRS and earlier menarche age are recommended to consume fewer fried foods and a more plant-based diet to decrease obesity risk. This result can be applied to personalized nutrition for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.H.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.H.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.H.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Soon-Hee Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.H.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (M.J.K.); (H.J.H.); (S.-H.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
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19
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20
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Mills S, Ross RP. Colliding and interacting microbiomes and microbial communities - consequences for human health. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7341-7354. [PMID: 34390616 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Living 'things' coexist with microorganisms, known as the microbiota/microbiome that provides essential physiological functions to its host. Despite this reliance, the microbiome is malleable and can be altered by several factors including birth-mode, age, antibiotics, nutrition, and disease. In this minireview, we consider how other microbiomes and microbial communities impact the host microbiome and the host through the concept of microbiome collisions (initial exposures) and interactions. Interactions include changes in host microbiome composition and functionality and/or host responses. Understanding the impact of other microbiomes and microbial communities on the microbiome and host are important considering the decline in human microbiota diversity in the developed world - paralleled by the surge of non-communicable, inflammatory-based diseases. Thus, surrounding ourselves with rich and diverse beneficial microbiomes and microbial communities to collide and interact with should help to diminish the loss in microbial diversity and protect from certain diseases. In the same vein, our microbiomes not only influence our health but potentially the health of those close to us. We also consider strategies for enhanced host microbiome collisions and interactions through the surrounding environment that ensure increased microbiome diversity and functionality contributing to enhanced symbiotic return to the host in terms of health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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22
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Tanprasertsuk J, Shmalberg J, Maughan H, Tate DE, Perry LM, Jha AR, Honaker RW. Heterogeneity of gut microbial responses in healthy household dogs transitioning from an extruded to a mildly cooked diet. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11648. [PMID: 34249503 PMCID: PMC8254476 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota (GM) is associated with canine health and can be impacted by diet. Dog owners in the U.S. have increasingly shown an interest in feeding their dogs a mildly cooked (MC) diet. However, its impact on canine GM and health remains largely unknown. Methods Healthy household dogs were tracked upon switching from various brands of extruded to MC diets for four weeks. A health assessment was completed and stool samples were collected by each owner before (day 0) and after the diet transition (day 28). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed at both time points to characterize the GM. Results Dogs completed the study by either completing the health assessments (n = 31) or providing stool samples at both time points (n = 28). All owners reported either better or no change in overall health at the end of the study (61% and 39%, respectively), and none reported worse overall health. Defecation frequency was also reported to be lower (58%) or about the same (35%). Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis showed a significant shift (p = 0.004) in the β-diversity of the GM upon diet transition (34.2% and 10.3% explained by the first two axes). The abundances of 70 species increased after the diet change (adjusted p < 0.05), 67% and 24% of which belonged to the Lactobacillales and the Enterobacterales orders respectively. The abundances of 28 species decreased (adjusted p < 0.05), 46%, 18%, and 11% of which belonged to the Clostridiales, Bacillales, and Bacteroidales orders, respectively. Lower Lactobacillales and Enterobacterales, and higher Bacteroidales at baseline were associated with a greater shift along the PCo1 axis. Protein content of the baseline diet was correlated with the shift along the PCo1 axis (ρ = 0.67, p = 0.006). Conclusion Owners reported either improvement or no change in health in dogs transitioning from extruded kibble to MC diets for 4 weeks, but this report of health perception requires further exploration in a controlled trial. Diet change also led to a significant shift in the GM profile of healthy dogs. The magnitude of shift was associated with baseline GM and dietary protein, and warrants further examination of individualized responses and personalized nutrition in companion dogs. These results also support future investigation of the impact of a MC diet on health maintenance given its increasing popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Shmalberg
- NomNomNow, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Heather Maughan
- NomNomNow, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Ronin Institute, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Devon E Tate
- NomNomNow, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - LeeAnn M Perry
- NomNomNow, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aashish R Jha
- NomNomNow, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Genetic Heritage Group, Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ryan W Honaker
- NomNomNow, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Dietary Fiber Hierarchical Specificity: the Missing Link for Predictable and Strong Shifts in Gut Bacterial Communities. mBio 2021; 12:e0102821. [PMID: 34182773 PMCID: PMC8262931 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01028-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most dietary fibers used to shape the gut microbiota present different and unpredictable responses, presumably due to the diverse microbial communities of people. Recently, we proposed that fibers can be classified in a hierarchical way where fibers of high specificity (i.e., structurally complex and utilized by a narrow group of gut bacteria) could have more similar interindividual responses than those of low specificity (i.e., structurally simple and utilized by many gut bacteria). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated microbiota fermentation of fibers tentatively classified as low (fructooligosaccharides), low-to-intermediate (type 2 resistant starch), intermediate (pectin), and high (insoluble β-1,3-glucan) specificity, utilizing fecal inoculum from distinct subjects, regarding interindividual similarity/dissimilarity in fiber responses. Individual shifts in target bacteria (as determined by linear discriminant analysis) confirmed that divergent fiber responses occur when utilizing both of the low-specificity dietary fibers, but fibers of intermediate and high specificity lead to more similar responses across subjects in support of targeted bacteria. The high-specificity insoluble β-glucan promoted a large increase of the target bacteria (from 0.3 to 16.5% average for Anaerostipes sp. and 2.5 to 17.9% average for Bacteroides uniformis), which were associated with increases in ratios of related metabolites (butyrate and propionate, respectively) in every microbial community in which these bacteria were present. Also, high-specificity dietary fibers promoted more dramatic changes in microbial community structure than low-specificity ones relative to the initial microbial communities.
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24
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Martínez-López LM, Pepper A, Pilla R, Woodward AP, Suchodolski JS, Mansfield C. Effect of sequentially fed high protein, hydrolyzed protein, and high fiber diets on the fecal microbiota of healthy dogs: a cross-over study. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:42. [PMID: 34116725 PMCID: PMC8194187 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary content and environmental factors can shape the gut microbiota, and consequently, the way the gut microbiota metabolizes fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, affecting overall health of the host. We evaluated the impact of 3 diets (all meat [raw], high-insoluble fiber dry extruded diet and hydrolyzed protein dry extruded diet) on the gut microbiota of healthy dogs in a cross-over sequential study. Results We showed that diet can have an effect on the gut microbiome in dogs, which was influenced by the order of feeding. High-protein (all meat) diets were characterized by an increase in bacteria belonging to the Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla, whereas a high-insoluble fiber commercial diet correlated with increases in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. However, the individual dog’s baseline microbiota had the most impact on the magnitude and nature of the changes in response to dietary intervention. Conclusion Our results suggest that the dog fecal microbiota is driven by protein and fiber composition to different degrees in individual animals, and targeted modification of these patterns could be useful in the modulation of the gut microbiota in different diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00101-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Martínez-López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Amy Pepper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia.,Veterinary Specialists of Sydney, Miranda, NSW, 2228, Australia
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Woodward
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia.
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25
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Thompson HJ, Levitt JO, McGinley JN, Chandler P, Guenther PM, Huybrechts I, Playdon MC. Measuring Dietary Botanical Diversity as a Proxy for Phytochemical Exposure. Nutrients 2021; 13:1295. [PMID: 33919845 PMCID: PMC8070776 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of natural plant molecules and their medicinal properties, pharmacognosy, provides a taxonomy for botanical families that represent diverse chemical groupings with potentially distinct functions in relation to human health. Yet, this reservoir of knowledge has not been systematically applied to elucidating the role of patterns of plant food consumption on gut microbial ecology and function. All chemical classes of dietary phytochemicals can affect the composition of the microbes that colonize the gut and their function. In turn, the gut microbiome affects the host via multiple mechanisms including gut barrier function, immune function, satiety and taste regulation and the activity of biological signaling pathways that influence health and disease. Herein, we report the development of a botanical diversity index (BDI) to evaluate plant food consumption as a novel metric for identifying and quantifying phytochemicals to which an individual is exposed. A rationale is advanced for using the BDI to investigate how plant food diversity impacts gut microbial ecology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Jack O. Levitt
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.O.L.); (P.M.G.)
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John N. McGinley
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Paulette Chandler
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Patricia M. Guenther
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.O.L.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Mary C. Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.O.L.); (P.M.G.)
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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26
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Mucinski JM, Vena JE, Ramos-Roman MA, Lassman ME, Szuszkiewicz-Garcia M, McLaren DG, Previs SF, Shankar SS, Parks EJ. High-throughput LC-MS method to investigate postprandial lipemia: considerations for future precision nutrition research. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E702-E715. [PMID: 33522396 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00526.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated postprandial lipemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet methods to quantitate postmeal handling of dietary lipids in humans are limited. This study tested a new method to track dietary lipid appearance using a stable isotope tracer (2H11-oleate) in liquid meals containing three levels of fat [low fat (LF), 15 g; moderate fat (MF), 30 g; high fat (HF), 60 g]. Meals were fed to 12 healthy men [means ± SD, age 31.3 ± 9.2 yr, body mass index (BMI) 24.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2] during four randomized study visits; the HF meal was administered twice for reproducibility. Blood was collected over 8 h postprandially, triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and particles with a Svedberg flotation rate >400 (Sf > 400, n = 8) were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and labeling of two TG species (54:3 and 52:2) was quantified by LC-MS. Total plasma TRL-TG concentrations were threefold greater than Sf > 400-TG. Both Sf > 400- and TRL-TG 54:3 were present at higher concentrations than 52:2, and singly labeled TG concentrations were higher than doubly labeled. Furthermore, TG 54:3 and the singly labeled molecules demonstrated higher plasma absolute entry rates differing significantly across fat levels within a single TG species (P < 0.01). Calculation of fractional entry showed no significant differences in label handling supporting the utility of either TG species for appearance rate calculations. These data demonstrate the utility of labeling research meals with stable isotopes to investigate human postprandial lipemia while simultaneously highlighting the importance of examining individual responses. Meal type and timing, control of prestudy activities, and effects of sex on outcomes should match the research goals. The method, optimized here, will be beneficial to conduct basic science research in precision nutrition and clinical drug development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel method to test human intestinal lipid handling using stable isotope labeling is presented and, for the first time, plasma appearance and lipid turnover were quantified in 12 healthy men following meals with varying amounts of fat. The method can be applied to studies in precision nutrition characterizing individual response to support basic science research or drug development. This report discusses key questions for consideration in precision nutrition that were highlighted by the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Mucinski
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria A Ramos-Roman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision nutrition and personalized diets are gaining popularity in nutritional science and medicine. To fully appreciate their potential benefits, a deep understanding of both macronutrients and nutrient-microbe interactions is required. RECENT FINDINGS Microbiome science has reaffirmed the importance of dietary fiber in microbial and host health. Additional macronutrients, digestible carbohydrate, protein and fat also influence the composition and diversity of the microbiome and, therefore, microbial response to dietary intervention. Attention to macronutrient source, dose, microbial effect and metabolite production allows the development of more established links between diet and health. SUMMARY The degree to which human diets need to be personalized for optimal health is still uncertain but a one-size-fits-all diet seems unlikely. However, for personal or precision nutrition to fulfill its promise, greater attention to the details of nutrient-microbe interactions will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O'Grady
- APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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28
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Cunningham M, Azcarate-Peril MA, Barnard A, Benoit V, Grimaldi R, Guyonnet D, Holscher HD, Hunter K, Manurung S, Obis D, Petrova MI, Steinert RE, Swanson KS, van Sinderen D, Vulevic J, Gibson GR. Shaping the Future of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:667-685. [PMID: 33551269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent and ongoing developments in microbiome science are enabling new frontiers of research for probiotics and prebiotics. Novel types, mechanisms, and applications currently under study have the potential to change scientific understanding as well as nutritional and healthcare applications of these interventions. The expansion of related fields of microbiome-targeted interventions, and an evolving landscape for implementation across regulatory, policy, prescriber, and consumer spheres, portends an era of significant change. In this review we examine recent, emerging, and anticipated trends in probiotic and prebiotic science, and create a vision for broad areas of developing influence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Cunningham
- Department of Science and Innovation, Metagenics, PO Box 675, Virginia BC, QLD, 4014, Australia.
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- UNC Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Valerie Benoit
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirsty Hunter
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Sarmauli Manurung
- Emerging Sciences Research, Reckitt Benckiser, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Obis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | - Robert E Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Microbiology BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jelena Vulevic
- veMico Ltd, Reading, UK; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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29
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Vandeputte D. Personalized Nutrition Through The Gut Microbiota: Current Insights And Future Perspectives. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:66-74. [PMID: 33259623 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review discusses how to preserve or increase health through personalized nutritional products and services using microbiome data. In contrast to other reviews, which discuss this subject in the light of metabolic disorders and/or with a nutrition-affects-the-microbiota view, this review takes the perspective that the gut microbiota (GM) affects nutrition. Gut microbes affect host nutritional status through their role in energy harvest and nutrient availability. Consequently, GM modulation could contribute to fulfil nutritional requirements and in this way conquer malnutrition and disease. This review provides an overview of microbiota modulation methods that could be used to improve nutritional status as well as the personalization of these approaches. While some of these methods are immediately applicable, others require more development to assess their feasibility and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Vandeputte
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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30
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Alvarez-Pitti J, de Blas A, Lurbe E. Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113508. [PMID: 33202614 PMCID: PMC7697724 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of nutrition during childhood and the impact on the development of obesity. In fact, the prevalence of global childhood obesity has increased substantially from 1990 and has now reached epidemic proportions. The current narrative review presents recent research on precision nutrition and its role on the prevention and treatment of obesity during pediatric years, a novel and promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.d.B.); (E.L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-1820772
| | - Ana de Blas
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.d.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Empar Lurbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.d.B.); (E.L.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clínico, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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31
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Nutritional Targeting of the Microbiome as Potential Therapy for Malnutrition and Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103032. [PMID: 33022941 PMCID: PMC7601849 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic interactions with the microbiome are central for a healthy human physiology and nutrition is the main driving force shaping the microbiome. In the past decade, a wealth of preclinical studies mainly using gnotobiotic animal models demonstrated that malnutrition and chronic inflammation stress these homeostatic interactions and various microbial species and their metabolites or metabolic activities have been associated with disease. For example, the dysregulation of the bacterial metabolism of dietary tryptophan promotes an inflammatory environment and susceptibility to pathogenic infection. Clinical studies have now begun to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nutritional and probiotic interventions in malnutrition and chronic inflammation to ameliorate disease symptoms or even prevent pathogenesis. Here, we therefore summarize the recent progress in this field and propose to move further towards the nutritional targeting of the microbiome for malnutrition and chronic inflammation.
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32
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Koç F, Mills S, Strain C, Ross RP, Stanton C. The public health rationale for increasing dietary fibre: Health benefits with a focus on gut microbiota. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Koç
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Ireland
| | - S. Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - C. Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Ireland
| | - R. P. Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - C. Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Ireland
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33
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Augustin LSA, Aas AM, Astrup A, Atkinson FS, Baer-Sinnott S, Barclay AW, Brand-Miller JC, Brighenti F, Bullo M, Buyken AE, Ceriello A, Ellis PR, Ha MA, Henry JC, Kendall CWC, La Vecchia C, Liu S, Livesey G, Poli A, Salas-Salvadó J, Riccardi G, Riserus U, Rizkalla SW, Sievenpiper JL, Trichopoulou A, Usic K, Wolever TMS, Willett WC, Jenkins DJA. Dietary Fibre Consensus from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092553. [PMID: 32846882 PMCID: PMC7551906 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibre is a generic term describing non-absorbed plant carbohydrates and small amounts of associated non-carbohydrate components. The main contributors of fibre to the diet are the cell walls of plant tissues, which are supramolecular polymer networks containing variable proportions of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, and non-carbohydrate components, such as lignin. Other contributors of fibre are the intracellular storage oligosaccharides, such as fructans. A distinction needs to be made between intrinsic sources of dietary fibre and purified forms of fibre, given that the three-dimensional matrix of the plant cell wall confers benefits beyond fibre isolates. Movement through the digestive tract modifies the cell wall structure and may affect the interactions with the colonic microbes (e.g., small intestinally non-absorbed carbohydrates are broken down by bacteria to short-chain fatty acids, absorbed by colonocytes). These aspects, combined with the fibre associated components (e.g., micronutrients, polyphenols, phytosterols, and phytoestrogens), may contribute to the health outcomes seen with the consumption of dietary fibre. Therefore, where possible, processing should minimise the degradation of the plant cell wall structures to preserve some of its benefits. Food labelling should include dietary fibre values and distinguish between intrinsic and added fibre. Labelling may also help achieve the recommended intake of 14 g/1000 kcal/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S. A. Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-“Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Marie Aas
- Section of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Service, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnie Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS) Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Fiona S. Atkinson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, Australia; (F.S.A.); (J.C.B.-M.)
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Jennie C. Brand-Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, Australia; (F.S.A.); (J.C.B.-M.)
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43120 Parma, Italy;
| | - Monica Bullo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (J.S.-S.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany;
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Diabetes Department, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy;
| | - Peter R. Ellis
- Biopolymers Group, Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Marie-Ann Ha
- Spinney Nutrition, Shirwell, Barnstaple, Devon EX31 4JR, UK;
| | - Jeyakumar C. Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.W.C.K.); (J.L.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 201330 Milan, Italy;
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Geoffrey Livesey
- Independent Nutrition Logic Ltd., 21 Bellrope Lane, Wymondham NR180QX, UK;
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia 38, I-20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (J.S.-S.)
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ulf Riserus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Salwa W. Rizkalla
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, F75013 Paris, France;
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.W.C.K.); (J.L.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | | | - Kathy Usic
- Glycemic Index Foundation, 2037 Sydney, Australia;
| | - Thomas M. S. Wolever
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.W.C.K.); (J.L.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.W.C.K.); (J.L.S.); (T.M.S.W.); (D.J.A.J.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
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34
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Garber A, Hastie P, Murray JA. Factors Influencing Equine Gut Microbiota: Current Knowledge. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 88:102943. [PMID: 32303307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota play a crucial role in nutrient digestion, maintaining animal health and welfare. Various factors may affect microbial balance often leading to disturbances that may result in debilitating conditions such as colic and laminitis. The invention of next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics has provided valuable information on the effects of factors influencing equine gut microbiota. Among those factors are nutrition and management (e.g., diet, supplements, exercise), medical substances (e.g., antimicrobials, anthelmintics, anesthetics), animal-related factors (breed and age), various pathological conditions (colitis, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, equine gastric ulcer syndrome), as well as stress-related factors (transportation and weaning). The aim of this review is to assimilate current knowledge on equine microbiome studies, focusing on the effect of factors influencing equine gastrointestinal microbiota. Decrease in microbial diversity and richness leading to decrease in stability; decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae family members, which contribute to gut homeostasis; increase in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus; decrease in lactic acid utilizing bacteria; decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory properties may all be considered as a negative change in equine gut microbiota. Shifts in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have often been observed in the literature in response to certain treatments or when describing healthy and unhealthy animals; however, these shifts are inconsistent. It is time to move forward and use the knowledge now acquired to start manipulating the microbiota of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garber
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Peter Hastie
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo-Anne Murray
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Jaggar M, Rea K, Spichak S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. You've got male: Sex and the microbiota-gut-brain axis across the lifespan. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 56:100815. [PMID: 31805290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a critical factor in the diagnosis and development of a number of mental health disorders including autism, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa and others; likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones and genetics. Recent evidence suggests that sex can also influence the complexity and diversity of microbes that we harbour in our gut; and reciprocally that our gut microbes can directly and indirectly influence sex steroid hormones and central gene activation. There is a growing emphasis on the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the maintenance of mental health and their role in the pathogenesis of disease. In this review, we introduce mechanisms by which gastrointestinal microbiota are thought to mediate positive health benefits along the gut-brain axis, we report how they may be modulated by sex, the role they play in sex steroid hormone regulation, and their sex-specific effects in various disorders relating to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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González-Muniesa P, Martínez JA. Precision Nutrition and Metabolic Syndrome Management. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2411. [PMID: 31601025 PMCID: PMC6835755 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The journal NUTRIENTS published some time ago a special issue about "Precision Nutrition and Metabolic Syndrome Management", which included a series of articles about the role of bioactive compounds, amino acids/proteins and fatty acids for personalized nutritional applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro González-Muniesa
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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