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Yang G, Wang N, Liu H, Si L, Zhao Y. Cord blood vitamin E and lipids in infants born small for gestational age. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:4397-4402. [PMID: 39103540 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin E is associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism. Our previous study revealed an inverse relationship between birth weight and cord blood vitamin E levels, suggesting a potential link between vitamin E and fetal growth. The aim of this study was to determine the association between vitamin E with fetal growth and lipids. In this investigation, a study involving 146 mother-infant pairs was performed. Cord plasma concentrations of vitamin E and lipids were measured. Our findings showed that cord plasma vitamin E levels were elevated in small for gestational age (SGA) infants, and higher vitamin E levels were associated with an increased risk of SGA (OR = 2.239, 95% CI 1.208, 4.742). Additionally, among lipid levels, higher cord plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were associated with increased risks of SGA (OR = 97.020, 95% CI 5.137, 1832.305), whereas after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk became no longer statistically significant. We also found a positive correlation between cord blood vitamin E concentrations and lipid levels. CONCLUSION elevated cord blood vitamin E concentrations may be associated with a higher risk of SGA and are positively correlated with lipid levels, suggesting a potential role for vitamin E in fetal lipid metabolism. WHAT IS KNOWN • Vitamin E is associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism. • Vitamin E is inversely related to birth weight. WHAT IS NEW • Elevated cord blood vitamin E concentrations may be associated with a higher risk of SGA and positively correlated with lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nianrong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Si
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Tappia PS, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. The Efficacy of Vitamins in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9761. [PMID: 39337248 PMCID: PMC11432297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are known to affect the regulation of several biochemical and metabolic pathways that influence cellular function. Adequate amounts of both hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamins are required for maintaining normal cardiac and vascular function, but their deficiencies can contribute to cardiovascular abnormalities. In this regard, a deficiency in the lipophilic vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, and E, as well as in the hydrophilic vitamins, such as vitamin C and B, has been associated with suboptimal cardiovascular function, whereas additional intakes have been suggested to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Here, we have attempted to describe the association between low vitamin status and cardiovascular disease, and to offer a discussion on the efficacy of vitamins. While there are inconsistencies in the impact of a deficiency in vitamins on the development of cardiovascular disease and the benefits associated with supplementation, this review proposes that specific vitamins may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk rather than serve as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Anureet K Shah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2E 0J9, Canada
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3
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Cui A, Xiao P, Wang P, Wang H, Cong Y, Fan Z, Wei X, Zhuang Y. No genetic causal association between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and osteoarthritis, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10099. [PMID: 38698019 PMCID: PMC11066079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The causal association between vitamin E status and osteoarthritis (OA) remains controversial in previous epidemiological studies. We employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels (main forms of vitamin E in our body) and OA. The instrumental variables (IVs) of circulating alpha-tocopherol levels were obtained from a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of 7781 individuals of European descent. The outcome of OA was derived from the UK biobank. Two-sample MR analysis was used to estimate the causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and OA. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis in this analysis. We used the MR-Egger method to determine horizontal pleiotropic in this work. The heterogeneity effect of instrumental IVs was detected by MR-Egger and IVW analyses. Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) one by one. Three SNPs (rs964184, rs2108622, and rs11057830) (P < 5E-8) strongly associated with circulating alpha-tocopherol levels were used in this analysis. The IVW-random effect indicated no causal relationship between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and clinically diagnosed OA (OR = 0.880, 95% CI 0.626, 1.236, P = 0.461). Similarly, IVW analysis showed no causal association between circulating alpha-tocopherol levels and self-reported OA (OR = 0.980, 95% CI 0.954, 1.006, P = 0.139). Other methods of MR analyses and sensitivity analyses revealed consistent findings. MR-Egger and IVW methods indicated no significant heterogeneity between IVs. The MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropic. The results of this linear Mendelian randomization study indicate no causal association between genetically predicted alpha-tocopherol levels and the progression of OA. Alpha-tocopherol may not provide beneficial and more favorable outcomes for the progression of OA. Further MR analysis based on updated GWASs with more IVs is required to verify the results of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Yuxuan Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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4
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Ye Q, Zhong Q, Huang G, Zhang W. Establishment of Reference Range for Serum Concentration of Vitamin A and Vitamin E in Southern Sichuan Area of China. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25074. [PMID: 38847175 PMCID: PMC11211669 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the reference range of serum concentration of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) in Southern Sichuan area of China. METHODS From August 1, 2021, to May 31, 2023, 9482 blood tablets were received for the screening of VA and VE. The information was divided into four different age groups: ≤1 year old, 1< to ≤6 years, 6< to ≤17 years, and 17< to ≤59 years. In each age group, the four seasons were further subdivided into spring, summer, autumn, and winter, as well as male and female genders. The serum concentration of VA and VE was detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and the reference range was established for verification. RESULTS The concentration of VA and VE in 9482 cases showed skewed distribution. When comparing between different age groups, the serum concentration of VA and VE was statistically significant (p < 0.05). While comparing different seasons, the serum VA levels in different seasons were significantly different (p < 0.05) except in summer and autumn. There was statistical significance in VE level in different seasons (p < 0.05). And while comparing different genders, there was no statistical significance in VA concentration levels (p > 0.05). The VE concentration levels were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The established reference range was established and verified, and the results were in accordance with the standard. CONCLUSION The reference range of VA and VE should be set according to different ages, different seasons, and different genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ye
- Zigong Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalSichuan ZigongChina
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Sichuan Sanwu Technology Co., LtdSichuan ChengduChina
| | - Guoping Huang
- Zigong Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalSichuan ZigongChina
| | - Wen Zhang
- Sichuan Sanwu Technology Co., LtdSichuan ChengduChina
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5
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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6
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Lima do Vale MR, Buckner L, Mitrofan CG, Tramontt CR, Kargbo SK, Khalid A, Ashraf S, Mouti S, Dai X, Unwin D, Bohn J, Goldberg L, Golubic R, Ray S. A synthesis of pathways linking diet, metabolic risk and cardiovascular disease: a framework to guide further research and approaches to evidence-based practice. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:232-258. [PMID: 34839838 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease occurring globally. Although previous literature has provided useful insights into the important role that diet plays in CVD prevention and treatment, understanding the causal role of diets is a difficult task considering inherent and introduced weaknesses of observational (e.g. not properly addressing confounders and mediators) and experimental research designs (e.g. not appropriate or well designed). In this narrative review, we organised current evidence linking diet, as well as conventional and emerging physiological risk factors, with CVD risk, incidence and mortality in a series of diagrams. The diagrams presented can aid causal inference studies as they provide a visual representation of the types of studies underlying the associations between potential risk markers/factors for CVD. This may facilitate the selection of variables to be considered and the creation of analytical models. Evidence depicted in the diagrams was systematically collected from studies included in the British Nutrition Task Force report on diet and CVD and database searches, including Medline and Embase. Although several markers and disorders linked to conventional and emerging risk factors for CVD were identified, the causal link between many remains unknown. There is a need to address the multifactorial nature of CVD and the complex interplay between conventional and emerging risk factors with natural and built environments, while bringing the life course into the spotlight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Buckner
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ali Khalid
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sammyia Ashraf
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saad Mouti
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowu Dai
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Bohn
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Swiss Re Institute, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Goldberg
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rajna Golubic
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
- University of Ulster, School of Biomedical Sciences, Coleraine, UK
- University of Cambridge, School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Mehvari F, Imanparast F, Mohaghegh P, Alimoradian A, Khansari N, Ansari Asl B, Khosrowbeygi A. Protective effects of paraoxonase-1, vitamin E and selenium, and oxidative stress index on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in diabetic patients with/without coronary artery disease. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:300. [PMID: 37635255 PMCID: PMC10464334 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is closely associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between serum vitamin E and selenium, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values with the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification and the possibility of CAD in diabetic patients. METHOD This study was designed as a case control survey of 82 diabetes patients divided into two groups including T2DM alone (as group I) and both T2DM and CAD (as group II). Fasting blood samples were taken to the assay of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), TAC, TOS, MDA, OSI, vitamin E, selenium, oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), and activity of PON1. RESULTS Ox-LDL, MDA, TOS, and OSI values in groups II were significantly higher compared with group I (all with P value = 0.000). TAC, vitamin E, selenium, and PON1 activity values were significantly lower in group II compared with groups I (P value = 0.000; P value = 0.000; P value = 0.007; P value = 0.003, respectively). There were significant relationships between the amounts of TAC, TOS, OSI, and vitamin E with the amounts of PON1 activity and Ox-LDL (p < 0.05). But Ox-LDL and PON1 activity correlated weakly with together (p = 0.094). CONCLUSION Results of this study support the belief that oxidative stress might be an important etiologic factor which makes some diabetics more susceptible to CAD. Increased oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic target in the prevention and management of CAD in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehvari
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Imanparast
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Pegah Mohaghegh
- Depertment of community medicine school of medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Abbas Alimoradian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khansari
- A Food and Drug Deputy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Ali Khosrowbeygi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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8
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Ma XS, Sun J, Geng R, Zhao Y, Xu WZ, Liu YH, Jiang YN, Li YQ. Statins and risk of venous thromboembolic diseases: A two-sample mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1087-1092. [PMID: 36958971 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In observational studies, statins have been suggested to have protective effects on venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). To this aim, we performed a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether these associations were causal. METHODS AND RESULTS Data on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to statin medication were obtained from the FinnGen study, and data for VTE, PE and DVT of lower extremities (LEDVT) were from the UK Biobank study, respectively. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the principal analysis of MR, and sensitivity analysis was performed to detect horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. MR estimates showed an inverse causal association between statin medication and the risk of VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998-1.000, P = 0.004), PE (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.999-1.000, P = 0.011) and LEDVT (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.999-1.000, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Our findings provide direct evidence that statins might decrease the risk of VTE, PE and LEDVT in agreement with observational studies. The specific mechanism of statin therapy for venous thromboembolism needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ren Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wan-Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Ning Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Protective Effect of Olive Oil Microconstituents in Atherosclerosis: Emphasis on PAF Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory. Biomolecules 2023; 13:700. [PMID: 37189447 PMCID: PMC10135796 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular multifactorial process. The mechanisms underlining the initiating event of atheromatous plaque formation are inflammation and oxidation. Among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diet and especially the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been widely recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Olive oil (OO), the main source of the fatty components of the MedDiet is superior to the other "Mono-unsaturated fatty acids containing oils" due to the existence of specific microconstituents. In this review, the effects of OO microconstituents in atherosclerosis, based on data from in vitro and in vivo studies with special attention on their inhibitory activity against PAF (Platelet-Activating Factor) actions, are presented and critically discussed. In conclusion, we propose that the anti-atherogenic effect of OO is attributed to the synergistic action of its microconstituents, mainly polar lipids that act as PAF inhibitors, specific polyphenols and α-tocopherol that also exert anti-PAF activity. This beneficial effect, also mediated through anti-PAF action, can occur from microconstituents extracted from olive pomace, a toxic by-product of the OO production process that constitutes a significant ecological problem. Daily intake of moderate amounts of OO consumed in the context of a balanced diet is significant for healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
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10
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1484] [Impact Index Per Article: 1484.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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11
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Schooling CM, Zhao JV. Insights into Causal Cardiovascular Risk Factors from Mendelian Randomization. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:67-76. [PMID: 36640254 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes major insights into causal risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by using Mendelian randomization (MR) to obtain unconfounded estimates, contextualized within its strengths and weaknesses. RECENT FINDINGS MR studies have confirmed the role of major CVD risk factors, including alcohol, smoking, adiposity, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, lipids, and possibly inflammation, but added that the relation with alcohol is likely linear, confirmed the role of diastolic blood pressure, identified apolipoprotein B as the major target lipid, and foreshadowed results of some trials concerning anti-inflammatories. Identifying a healthy diet and the role of early life influences, such as birth weight, has proved more difficult. Use of MR has winnowed empirically driven hypotheses about CVD into a set of genetically validated targets of intervention. Greater inclusion of global diversity in genetic studies and the use of an overarching framework would enable even more informative MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Schooling
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 West 125th St, NY, 10027, New York, USA. .,School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - J V Zhao
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chen J, Zhou H, Jin H, Liu K. The causal effects of thyroid function and lipids on cholelithiasis: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1166740. [PMID: 37065749 PMCID: PMC10090462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between function of thyroid, lipids, and cholelithiasis and to identify whether lipids mediate the causal relationship between function of thyroid and cholelithiasis. METHODS A Mendelian randomization (MR) study of two samples was performed to determine the association of thyroid function with cholelithiasis. A two-step MR was also performed to identify whether lipid metabolism traits mediate the effects of thyroid function on cholelithiasis. A method of inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median method, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) methods were utilized to obtain MR estimates. RESULTS The IVW method revealed that FT4 levels were correlated with an elevated risk of cholelithiasis (OR: 1.149, 95% CI: 1.082-1.283, P = 0.014). Apolipoprotein B (OR: 1.255, 95% CI: 1.027-1.535, P = 0.027) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.354, 95% CI: 1.060-1.731, P = 0.016) were also correlated with an elevated risk of cholelithiasis. The IVW method demonstrated that FT4 levels were correlated with the elevated risk of apolipoprotein B (OR: 1.087, 95% CI: 1.019-1.159, P = 0.015) and LDL-C (OR: 1.084, 95% CI: 1.018-1.153, P = 0.012). Thyroid function and the risk of cholelithiasis are mediated by LDL-C and apolipoprotein B. LDL-C and apolipoprotein B had 17.4% and 13.5% of the mediatory effects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that FT4, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B had significant causal effects on cholelithiasis, with evidence that LDL-C and apolipoprotein B mediated the effects of FT4 on cholelithiasis risk. Patients with high FT4 levels should be given special attention because they may delay or limit the long-term impact on cholelithiasis risk.
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Yasmin F, Ali SH, Naeem A, Savul S, Afridi MSI, Kamran N, Fazal F, Khawer S, Savul IS, Najeeb H, Asim HS, Nausherwan M, Asghar MS. Current Evidence and Future Perspectives of the Best Supplements for Cardioprotection: Have We Reached the Final Chapter for Vitamins? Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:381. [PMID: 39076184 PMCID: PMC11269067 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a broad-spectrum term comprising coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, and heart failure, presents as one of the most significant strains on global healthcare systems. Coronary artery disease, caused by atherosclerosis, has various modifiable risk factors such as dietary changes and exercise. Since these risk factors are found to be linked to oxidative stress and inflammations, the dietary supplementation with vitamins' role in treating and preventing the diseases has been of much debate. With various vitamins having anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, studies have explored their correlation with cardiovascular health. Therefore, this narrative review explores and evaluates the benefits and risks of all vitamin supplementations in patients with CVD and provides future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Yasmin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hasan Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Savul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Neha Kamran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fawwad Fazal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Khawer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ilma Saleh Savul
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Joseph Medical Center, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Hala Najeeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, 74200 Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Marium Nausherwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin University, 75000 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Joseph Medical Center, Houston, TX 77002, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Zarkasi KA, Abdullah N, Abdul Murad NA, Ahmad N, Jamal R. Genetic Factors for Coronary Heart Disease and Their Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review of Common Variants from Genome-Wide Association Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2561. [PMID: 36292250 PMCID: PMC9601486 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered 163 loci related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Most GWAS have emphasized pathways related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reached genome-wide significance in their reports, while identification of CHD pathways based on the combination of all published GWAS involving various ethnicities has yet to be performed. We conducted a systematic search for articles with comprehensive GWAS data in the GWAS Catalog and PubMed, followed by a meta-analysis of the top recurring SNPs from ≥2 different articles using random or fixed-effect models according to Cochran Q and I2 statistics, and pathway enrichment analysis. Meta-analyses showed significance for 265 of 309 recurring SNPs. Enrichment analysis returned 107 significant pathways, including lipoprotein and lipid metabolisms (rs7412, rs6511720, rs11591147, rs1412444, rs11172113, rs11057830, rs4299376), atherogenesis (rs7500448, rs6504218, rs3918226, rs7623687), shared cardiovascular pathways (rs72689147, rs1800449, rs7568458), diabetes-related pathways (rs200787930, rs12146487, rs6129767), hepatitis C virus infection/hepatocellular carcinoma (rs73045269/rs8108632, rs56062135, rs188378669, rs4845625, rs11838776), and miR-29b-3p pathways (rs116843064, rs11617955, rs146092501, rs11838776, rs73045269/rs8108632). In this meta-analysis, the identification of various genetic factors and their associated pathways associated with CHD denotes the complexity of the disease. This provides an opportunity for the future development of novel CHD genetic risk scores relevant to personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Zarkasi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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15
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Is Vitamin D Deficiency the Cause or the Effect of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8689777. [PMID: 36189146 PMCID: PMC9519279 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8689777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Observational studies have reported that it is associated with SLE. In this bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we explored the genetic association between serum vitamin D (VD) levels and SLE using two models. Methods Genetic variants associated with vitamin D (n = 304,181), 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (n = 401,460), and SLE (n = 213,683) at genome-wide significance (P < 5∗10−8) derived from large-scale publicly available GWAS data were used as instrumental variables. Bidirectional two-sample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighted method (IVW, random, or fixed effect model). Sensitivity analyses including maximum likelihood, MR-Egger method, penalized weighted median method, MR-PRESSO, MR-RAPS, and MR-radial method were conducted. Results The findings showed that genetically predicted SLE using the IVW method had a negative effect on the vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the two models. The results of sensitivity analyses of different analytical approaches were consistent. Conclusions These findings indicated that genetically determined SLE had a negative effect on the vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Future studies, including random controlled clinical trials, should evaluate the association and mechanisms between serum VD levels and SLE.
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Deng Y, Huang J, Wong MCS. Associations between six dietary habits and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Mendelian randomization study. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2147-2154. [PMID: 35670026 PMCID: PMC9315115 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is reported to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether there is a causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential causal associations between dietary habits and HCC risk using Mendelian randomization in an East Asian population. From the BioBank Japan, we obtained summary-level genome-wide association studies data for the following six dietary habits: ever/never drinker (n = 165,084), alcohol consumption (n = 58,610), coffee consumption (n = 152,634), tea consumption (n = 152,653), milk consumption (n = 152,965), and yoghurt consumption (n = 152,097). We also obtained data on HCC (1866 cases and 195,745 controls). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with exposures (p < 5 × 10-8 ) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). Five, two, and six SNPs were identified for ever/never drinkers, alcohol consumption, and coffee consumption. One SNP was used for consumption of tea, milk, and yoghurt. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by inverse variance weighted (for an IV with more than one SNP) or Wald ratio (for an IV with one SNP). Ever/never drinkers (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18; p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.32-1.86; p < 0.001) were positively associated with HCC risk. Conversely, coffee consumption was inversely related to HCC risk (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.90; p = 0.007). Similar inverse associations were observed for consumption of tea, milk, and yoghurt, with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.11 (0.05-0.26), 0.18 (0.09-0.34), and 0.18 (0.09-0.34), respectively (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: There are potential causal associations between six dietary habits and HCC risk. Our findings inform clinical practice by providing evidence on the impact of dietary habits on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Deng
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineChinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina.,School of Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina.,School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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Rychter AM, Hryhorowicz S, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Antioxidant effects of vitamin E and risk of cardiovascular disease in women with obesity – a narrative review. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1557-1565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Ma M, Zhi H, Yang S, Yu EYW, Wang L. Body Mass Index and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:1878. [PMID: 35565843 PMCID: PMC9101688 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have shown positive associations between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), the causal relationship is still uncertain owing to the susceptibility to confounding and reverse causation. This study aimed to examine the potential causality of BMI on AF by conducting a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) study. METHODS The independent genetic variants associated with BMI (n = 303) at the genome-wide significant level were derived as instrumental variables (IV) from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium consisting of 681,275 individuals of European ancestry. We then derived the outcome data from a GWAS meta-analysis comprised of 60,620 cases and 970,216 controls of European ancestry. The TSMR analyses were performed in five methods, namely inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, the weighted median estimator (WME), the generalized summary data-based Mendelian randomization (GSMR), and the robust adjusted profile score (RAPS), to investigate whether BMI was causally associated with the risk of AF. RESULTS We found a genetically determined 1-standard deviation (SD) increment of BMI causally increased a 42.5% risk of AF (OR = 1.425; 95% CI, 1.346 to 1.509) based on the IVW method, which was consistent with the results of MR-Egger regression, WME, GSMR, as well as RAPS. The Mendelian randomization assumptions did not seem to be violated. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that higher BMI causally increased the risk of AF, suggesting control of BMI and obesity for prevention of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.M.); (S.Y.); (E.Y.-W.Y.)
| | - Hong Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Shengyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.M.); (S.Y.); (E.Y.-W.Y.)
| | - Evan Yi-Wen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.M.); (S.Y.); (E.Y.-W.Y.)
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.M.); (S.Y.); (E.Y.-W.Y.)
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang NY, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e153-e639. [PMID: 35078371 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2650] [Impact Index Per Article: 1325.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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20
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Ohukainen P, Virtanen JK, Ala-Korpela M. Vexed causal inferences in nutritional epidemiology-call for genetic help. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:6-15. [PMID: 34387668 PMCID: PMC8856007 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pauli Ohukainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants and Risk of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6457318. [PMID: 35082970 PMCID: PMC8786473 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6457318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is crucial in stroke pathogenesis. Many cohort-based studies suggested that the intake of exogenous antioxidants originated from food may prevent stroke. However, the corresponding randomized controlled trials did not show diet-derived antioxidants have a protective effect on stroke. Objectives To examine the association of genetically proxied diet-derived antioxidants with stroke risk using Mendelian randomization. Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal effect of diet-derived antioxidants on stroke risk. For exposure data, we extracted genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) that are strongly associated with frequently used diet-derived antioxidants, including vitamin C, vitamin E (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol), carotene, retinol, zinc, and selenium, from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS). We obtained IVs' corresponding effect estimates on the risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke from a GWAS meta-analysis with 40,585 cases and 406,111 controls. Finally, we applied five types of Mendelian randomization analysis to obtain preliminary MR results and performed four three kinds of sensitivity analysis to verify them. Results According to the primary MR estimations and further sensitivity analyses, we established two robust associations after Bonferroni correction: genetically proxied circulating γ-tocopherol was causally associated with total stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.52-0.88), p = 3.78E − 03] and ischemic stroke [OR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.51-0.86), p = 2.34E − 03]. There was no evidence to support the causal effect of other diet-derived antioxidants on the risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke. Conclusion Our study revealed a protective impact of genetic susceptibility to high circulating γ-tocopherol levels on stroke risk, providing new information on the potential therapeutic targets for primary stroke prevention.
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22
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Yang S, Zhi H, Sun Y, Wang L. Circulating Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:837207. [PMID: 35419390 PMCID: PMC8996811 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.837207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and atrial fibrillation (AF) risks. Methods Data on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and AF outcome were obtained from a UK Biobank study, SUNLIGHT consortium, and the latest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies GWASs with six independent cohorts, respectively. MR analysis was performed to obtain the estimates, followed by the use of inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, maximum likelihood, MR-egger method, and MR-PRESSO methods. Results The IVW estimate showed that genetically predicted vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were not causally associated with the risk of AF with two models. The association was consistent in complementary analyses. Conclusions Our MR finding suggested that no genetic evidence of serum vitamin D levels was significantly associated with AF risk. Further researches are necessary to explore the potential role and mechanisms of circulating serum vitamin D levels on AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Zhalongkou Community Healthcare Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sha T, Li W, He H, Wu J, Wang Y, Li H. Causal Relationship of Genetically Predicted Serum Micronutrients Levels With Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913155. [PMID: 35811987 PMCID: PMC9257254 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous observational studies have suggested associations between concentrations of several circulating micronutrients and sarcopenia. However, the causality inferred from those studies was subjected to residual confounding and reverse causation. Therefore, we aimed to examine the causal effects of the levels of genetically predicted serum micronutrients on sarcopenia. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen from large-scale genome-wide association studies of participants only with European descent and were used as genetic instruments for the levels of 10 serum micronutrients (calcium, magnesium, selenium, copper, iron, zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E). Sarcopenia was defined by referencing to the 2019 definition given by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out to examine the associations between the levels of genetically predicted serum micronutrients and the risk of sarcopenia. Then, sensitivity analyses (including weighted median, MR-Egger and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses) were performed to evaluate the robustness of study findings. The estimates were presented as odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per one standard deviation (SD) increase in the exposures. Results A total of 378,635 UK Biobank participants, including 572 participants who were identified with sarcopenia, were included in this study. The iron status was shown to have a clear effect on the risk of sarcopenia based on MR analyses. The per one SD increment in the genetically-determined serum iron level corresponded to a 53% increase in the risk of sarcopenia (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.31-1.78, P = 0.001). The exclusion of SNPs of the circulating iron level (i.e., rs1799945 SNP, rs1800562 SNP or rs855791 SNP) did not attenuate the magnitude of the signal in MR analysis. There was little evidence supporting the associations between other remaining micronutrients and sarcopenia. Conclusions An increased risk of sarcopenia was observed with a genetically higher concentration of iron, suggesting that iron may play a role in the occurrence or development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sha
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang S, Pudasaini R, Zhi H, Wang L. The Relationship between Blood Lipids and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010181. [PMID: 35011056 PMCID: PMC8746968 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the association between blood lipids and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), Apolipoprotein A1, and Apolipoprotein B. METHODS Data on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to blood lipids were obtained from the UK Biobank study with more than 300,000 subjects of White British European ancestry, and data for AF were from the latest meta-analysis of Genome-wide association study (GWASs) with six independent cohorts with more than 1,000,000 subjects of European ancestry. The univariable MR analysis was conducted to explore whether genetic evidence of individual lipid-related traits was significantly associated with AF risks and multivariable MR analysis with three models was performed to assess the independent effects of lipid-related traits. RESULTS The IVW estimate showed that genetically predicted LDL-C (OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 0.962-1.073, p = 0.560), HDL-C (OR: 0.951, 95% CI: 0.895-1.010, p = 0.102), TG (OR: 0.961, 95% CI: 0.889-1.038, p = 0.313), Apolipoprotein A1 (OR: 0.978, 95% CI: 0.933-1.025, p = 0.356), and Apolipoprotein B (OR: 1.008, 95% CI: 0.959-1.070, p = 0.794) were not causally associated with the risk of AF. Sample mode (OR: 0.852, 95% CI: 0.731-0.993, p = 0.043) and weighted mode (OR: 0.907, 95% CI: 0.841-0.979, p = 0.013) showed that a 1-unit increase in TG (mmol/L) was causally associated with a 14.8% and 9.3% relative decrease in AF risk, respectively. The multivariable MR analysis with model 1, 2, and 3 indicated that TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apolipoprotein A1, and Apolipoprotein B were not associated with the lower risk for AF. CONCLUSIONS Our multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis (MVMR) finding suggested no genetic evidence of lipid traits was significantly associated with AF risk. Furthermore, more work is warranted to confirm the potential association between lipid traits and AF risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.Y.); (R.P.)
| | - Rupak Pudasaini
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.Y.); (R.P.)
| | - Hong Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; (S.Y.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Radovanovic J, Banjac K, Obradovic M, Isenovic ER. Antioxidant enzymes and vascular diseases. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a fundamental role in regulating endothelial function and vascular tone in the physiological conditions of a vascular system. However, oxidative stress has detrimental effects on human health, and numerous studies confirmed that high ROS/RNS production contributes to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The antioxidant defense has an essential role in the homeostatic functioning of the vascular endothelial system. Endogenous antioxidative defense includes various molecules and enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. Together all these antioxidative enzymes are essential for defense against harmful ROS features. ROS are mainly generated from redox-active compounds involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Thus, targeting antioxidative enzymes and mitochondria oxidative balance may be a promising approach for vascular diseases occurrence and treatment. This review summarized the most recent research on the regulation of antioxidative enzymes in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Banjac
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 522 Belgrade, Serbia
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Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Effectiveness of Some Vitamins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729255. [PMID: 34690803 PMCID: PMC8531219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
By virtue of their regulatory role in various metabolic and biosynthetic pathways for energy status and cellular integrity, both hydro-soluble and lipo-soluble vitamins are considered to be involved in maintaining cardiovascular function in health and disease. Deficiency of some vitamins such as vitamin A, B6, folic acid, C, D, and E has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular abnormalities whereas supplementation with these vitamins has been claimed to reduce cardiovascular risk for hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and heart failure. However, the data from several experimental and clinical studies for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease due to vitamin deficiency as well as therapy due to different vitamins are conflicting. In this article, we have attempted to review the existing literature on the role of different vitamins in cardiovascular disease with respect to their deficiency and supplementation in addition to examining some issues regarding their involvement in heart disease. Although both epidemiological and observational studies have shown some merit in the use of different antioxidant vitamins for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, the results are not conclusive. Furthermore, in view of the complexities in the mechanisms of different cardiovascular disorders, no apparent involvement of any particular vitamin was seen in any specific cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, we have reviewed the evidence that deficiency of vitamin B6 promoted KCl-induced Ca2+ entry and reduced ATP-induced Ca2+-entry in cardiomyocytes in addition to decreasing sarcolemmal (SL) ATP binding. The active metabolite of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, attenuated arrhythmias due to myocardial infarction (MI) as well as cardiac dysfunction and defects in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-transport in the ischemic-reperfused hearts. These observations indicate that both deficiency of some vitamins as well as pretreatments with different vitamins showing antioxidant activity affect cardiac function, metabolism and cation transport, and support the view that antioxidant vitamins or their metabolites may be involved in the prevention rather than the therapy of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anureet K Shah
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Peeri NC, Chai W, Cooney RV, Tao MH. Association of serum levels of antioxidant micronutrients with mortality in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4859-4868. [PMID: 33183381 PMCID: PMC8116347 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between serum antioxidant levels and mortality (all-cause, cancer and CVD) among US adults. DESIGN We examined the risk of death from all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with serum antioxidant (vitamin E and carotenoids) and vitamin A levels using Cox regression models to estimate hazards ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. SETTING The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 was followed up through 31 December 2015. PARTICIPANTS The NHANES 1999-2002 cohort included 8758 participants aged ≥ 20 years. Serum carotenoid levels were only assessed for the 1999-2000 cycle. Therefore, sample size for each assessed antioxidant ranged from 4633 to 8758. RESULTS Serum vitamin E level was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1·22, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·43, highest v. lowest quartile). No other antioxidants were associated with mortality in overall analysis. In race/ethnicity-specific analyses, high vitamin E and α-tocopherol levels were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality among non-Hispanic Whites. Among non-Hispanic Blacks, serum α-tocopherol level was associated with decreased risk of cancer mortality (HR = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·75, third v. first quartile) and total carotenoid levels with reduced risk of CVD mortality (HR = 0·26; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·97, second v. lowest quartile). Hispanics with high β-carotene levels had reduced risk of CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS Serum antioxidant levels may be related to mortality; these associations may differ by race/ethnicity and appeared to be non-linear for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah C. Peeri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Weiwen Chai
- Department of Nutrition and Health sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Robert V. Cooney
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Meng-Hua Tao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Chen L, Sun X, Wang Z, Lu Y, Chen M, He Y, Xu H, Zheng L. The impact of plasma vitamin C levels on the risk of cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5327-5334. [PMID: 34537655 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous observational studies have reported associations between plasma vitamin C levels, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, no conclusive results have been obtained. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causality of vitamin C on the risk of nine CVDs [including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), stroke, ischemic stroke (IS), and IS subtypes] and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a recent genome-wide meta-analysis (N = 52,018) were used as the instrumental variables for plasma vitamin C levels. The summary-level data for CVDs and AD were extracted from consortia and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We performed MR analyses using the fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, weighted median, and MR-Egger approaches. RESULTS This MR study found suggestive evidence that genetic liability to higher vitamin C levels was associated with a lower risk of cardioembolic stroke [odds ratio (OR, presented per 1 standard deviation increase in plasma vitamin C levels) = 0.773; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.623-0.959; P = 0.020] and AD (OR = 0.968; 95% CI, 0.946-0.991; P = 0.007) using the fixed-effects IVW method. Sensitivity analysis yielded directionally similar results. A null-association was observed between vitamin C and the other CVDs. CONCLUSION Our MR study provided suggestive evidence that higher vitamin C levels were casually associated with a decreased risk of cardioembolic stroke and AD. No evidence was observed to suggest that vitamin C affected the risk of CAD, MI, AF, HF, stroke, IS, large artery stroke, or small vessel stroke. However, well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these results and determine the underlying mechanisms of the causal links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Xingang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Yuxian He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Wierzejska RE. Dietary Supplements-For Whom? The Current State of Knowledge about the Health Effects of Selected Supplement Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8897. [PMID: 34501487 PMCID: PMC8431076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements are products containing nutrients sold in various medicinal forms, and their widespread use may stem from the conviction that a preparation that looks like a drug must have therapeutic properties. The aim of this scoping review is to present what is known about the effects of using selected dietary supplements in the context of chronic diseases, as well as the risks associated with their use. The literature shows that the taking of vitamin and mineral supplements by healthy people neither lowers their risk of cardiovascular diseases nor prevents the development of malignancies. Many scientific societies recognize that omega-3 fatty acids lower blood triglycerides, but whether taking them prevents heart disease is less clear-cut. Taking weight loss supplements is not an effective method of fighting obesity. Often, some supplements are increasingly sold illegally, which is then also associated with the higher risk that they may be adulterated with banned substances, thus making them even more dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Supplements are necessary in cases of nutrient deficiency; however, even though prescription is not required, their use should be recommended and monitored by a physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ewa Wierzejska
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, Chocimska St. 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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CYP2E1 in Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury. Roles of ROS, Reactive Intermediates and Lipid Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158221. [PMID: 34360999 PMCID: PMC8348366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 is one of the fifty-seven cytochrome P450 genes in the human genome and is highly conserved. CYP2E1 is a unique P450 enzyme because its heme iron is constitutively in the high spin state, allowing direct reduction of, e.g., dioxygen, causing the formation of a variety of reactive oxygen species and reduction of xenobiotics to toxic products. The CYP2E1 enzyme has been the focus of scientific interest due to (i) its important endogenous function in liver homeostasis, (ii) its ability to activate procarcinogens and to convert certain drugs, e.g., paracetamol and anesthetics, to cytotoxic end products, (iii) its unique ability to effectively reduce dioxygen to radical species causing liver injury, (iv) its capability to reduce compounds, often generating radical intermediates of direct toxic or indirect immunotoxic properties and (v) its contribution to the development of alcoholic liver disease, steatosis and NASH. In this overview, we present the discovery of the enzyme and studies in humans, 3D liver systems and genetically modified mice to disclose its function and clinical relevance. Induction of the CYP2E1 enzyme either by alcohol or high-fat diet leads to increased severity of liver pathology and likelihood to develop ALD and NASH, with subsequent influence on the occurrence of hepatocellular cancer. Thus, fat-dependent induction of the enzyme might provide a link between steatosis and fibrosis in the liver. We conclude that CYP2E1 has many important physiological functions and is a key enzyme for hepatic carcinogenesis, drug toxicity and liver disease.
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Luo J, le Cessie S, van Heemst D, Noordam R. Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:45-54. [PMID: 33413940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, observational studies have identified associations between higher levels of dietary-derived antioxidants and lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas randomized clinical trials showed no reduction in CHD risk following antioxidant supplementation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate possible causal associations between dietary-derived circulating antioxidants and primary CHD risk using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms for circulating antioxidants (vitamins E and C, retinol, β-carotene, and lycopene), assessed as absolute levels and metabolites, were retrieved from the published data and were used as genetic instrumental variables. Summary statistics for gene-CHD associations were obtained from 3 databases: the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium (60,801 cases; 123,504 control subjects), UK Biobank (25,306 cases; 462,011 control subjects), and FinnGen study (7,123 cases; 89,376 control subjects). For each exposure, MR analyses were performed per outcome database and were subsequently meta-analyzed. RESULTS Among an analytic sample of 768,121 individuals (93,230 cases), genetically predicted circulating antioxidants were not causally associated with CHD risk. For absolute antioxidants, the odds ratio for CHD ranged between 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63 to 1.41) for retinol and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.10) for β-carotene per unit increase in ln-transformed antioxidant values. For metabolites, the odds ratio ranged between 0.93 (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.06) for γ-tocopherol and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.08) for ascorbate per 10-fold increase in metabolite levels. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from our study did not support a protective effect of genetic predisposition to high dietary-derived antioxidant levels on CHD risk. Therefore, it is unlikely that taking antioxidants to increase blood antioxidants levels will have a clinical benefit for the prevention of primary CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Corpas M, Megy K, Mistry V, Metastasio A, Lehmann E. Whole Genome Interpretation for a Family of Five. Front Genet 2021; 12:535123. [PMID: 33763108 PMCID: PMC7982663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.535123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although best practices have emerged on how to analyse and interpret personal genomes, the utility of whole genome screening remains underdeveloped. A large amount of information can be gathered from various types of analyses via whole genome sequencing including pathogenicity screening, genetic risk scoring, fitness, nutrition, and pharmacogenomic analysis. We recognize different levels of confidence when assessing the validity of genetic markers and apply rigorous standards for evaluation of phenotype associations. We illustrate the application of this approach on a family of five. By applying analyses of whole genomes from different methodological perspectives, we are able to build a more comprehensive picture to assist decision making in preventative healthcare and well-being management. Our interpretation and reporting outputs provide input for a clinician to develop a healthcare plan for the individual, based on genetic and other healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Continuing Education Madingley Hall Madingley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karyn Megy
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Metastasio
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Lehmann
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3187] [Impact Index Per Article: 1062.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Dehbalaei MG, Ashtary-Larky D, Amarpoor Mesrkanlou H, Talebi S, Asbaghi O. The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Feofanova EV, Chen H, Dai Y, Jia P, Grove ML, Morrison AC, Qi Q, Daviglus M, Cai J, North KE, Laurie CC, Kaplan RC, Boerwinkle E, Yu B. A Genome-wide Association Study Discovers 46 Loci of the Human Metabolome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:849-863. [PMID: 33031748 PMCID: PMC7675000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in levels of the human metabolome reflect changes in homeostasis, providing a window into health and disease. The genetic impact on circulating metabolites in Hispanics, a population with high cardiometabolic disease burden, is largely unknown. We conducted genome-wide association analyses on 640 circulating metabolites in 3,926 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. The estimated heritability for 640 metabolites ranged between 0%-54% with a median at 2.5%. We discovered 46 variant-metabolite pairs (p value < 1.2 × 10-10, minor allele frequency ≥ 1%, proportion of variance explained [PEV] mean = 3.4%, PEVrange = 1%-22%) with generalized effects in two population-based studies and confirmed 301 known locus-metabolite associations. Half of the identified variants with generalized effect were located in genes, including five nonsynonymous variants. We identified co-localization with the expression quantitative trait loci at 105 discovered and 151 known loci-metabolites sets. rs5855544, upstream of SLC51A, was associated with higher levels of three steroid sulfates and co-localized with expression levels of SLC51A in several tissues. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis identified several metabolites associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes. For example, two variants located in or near CYP4F2 (rs2108622 and rs79400241, respectively), involved in vitamin E metabolism, were associated with the levels of octadecanedioate and vitamin E metabolites (gamma-CEHC and gamma-CEHC glucuronide); MR analysis showed that genetically high levels of these metabolites were associated with lower odds of CHD. Our findings document the genetic architecture of circulating metabolites in an underrepresented Hispanic/Latino community, shedding light on disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gilling School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gilling School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ziegler M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S, Peter K. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E935. [PMID: 33003543 PMCID: PMC7600583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported by findings that vitamin E deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, randomized controlled trials in humans reveal conflicting and ultimately disappointing results regarding the reduction of cardiovascular events with vitamin E supplementation. As we discuss in detail, this outcome is strongly affected by study design, cohort selection, co-morbidities, genetic variations, age, and gender. For effective chronic primary and secondary prevention by vitamin E, oxidative and inflammatory status might not have been sufficiently antagonized. In contrast, acute administration of vitamin E may be more translatable into positive clinical outcomes. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with severe oxidative and inflammatory reactions, decreased plasma levels of vitamin E have been found. The offsetting of this acute vitamin E deficiency via short-term treatment in MI has shown promising results, and, thus, acute medication, rather than chronic supplementation, with vitamin E might revitalize vitamin E therapy and even provide positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Internal Medicine III, University Clinic of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Lorenzon dos Santos J, Schaan de Quadros A, Weschenfelder C, Bueno Garofallo S, Marcadenti A. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Nut-Related Antioxidants, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030682. [PMID: 32138220 PMCID: PMC7146201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is related to fat accumulation in the arterial walls and vascular stiffening, and results in acute coronary syndrome which is commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the inclusion of food sources of dietary antioxidants, such as different kinds of nuts, may improve biomarkers related to oxidative stress, contributing to a possible reduction in atherosclerosis progression. This article has briefly highlighted the interaction between oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to the effect of the consumption of different nuts and related dietary antioxidants—like polyphenols and vitamin E—on biomarkers of oxidative stress in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Studies in vitro suggest that nuts may exert antioxidant effects by DNA repair mechanisms, lipid peroxidation prevention, modulation of the signaling pathways, and inhibition of the MAPK pathways through the suppression of NF-κB and activation of the Nrf2 pathways. Studies conducted in animal models showed the ability of dietary nuts in improving biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as oxLDL and GPx. However, clinical trials in humans have not been conclusive, especially with regards to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lorenzon dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Alexandre Schaan de Quadros
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Camila Weschenfelder
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Silvia Bueno Garofallo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 395, Porto Alegre, 90040-371 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (J.L.d.S.); (A.S.d.Q.); (C.W.); (S.B.G.)
- HCor Research Institute, Coracao Hospital (IP-HCor), Abílio Soares Street, 250, 04004-05 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-3053-6611 (ext. 3558)
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Luo J, Mills K, le Cessie S, Noordam R, van Heemst D. Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: What to do next? Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100982. [PMID: 31733333 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress has been postulated to play an important role in the rate of ageing. Oxidative damage contributes to the hallmarks of ageing and essential components in pathological pathways which are thought to drive multiple age-related diseases. Nonetheless, results from studies testing the hypothesis of oxidative stress in ageing and diseases showed controversial results. While observational studies mainly found detrimental effects of high oxidative stress levels on disease status, randomized clinical trials examining the effect of antioxidant supplementation on disease status generally showed null effects. However, re-evaluations of these counterinitiative observations are required considering the lack of reliability and specificity of traditionally used biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. To facilitate these re-evaluations, this review summarizes the basic knowledge of oxidative stress and the present findings regarding the role of oxidative damage in ageing and age-related diseases. Meanwhile, two approaches are highlighted, namely proper participants selection, together with the development of reliable biomarkers. We propose that oxidized vitamin E metabolites may be used to accurately monitor individual functional antioxidant level, which might serve as promising key solutions for future elucidating the impact of oxidative stress on ageing and age-related diseases.
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