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Li X, Zheng K, Liu L, Zhang T, Gu W, Hou X, Geng J, Song G. Relationship of postprandial fibroblast growth factor 21 with lipids, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease during oral fat tolerance test. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343853. [PMID: 38828414 PMCID: PMC11140040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is closely associated with serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21; however, previous studies have typically focused on the static fasting state, and the relationships between postprandial FGF21 levels, postprandial metabolic status, and MAFLD remain unclear. Therefore, we measured postprandial lipids, inflammatory factors, and FGF21 levels in MAFLD and further analyzed their relationship using an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT). Patients and methods In total, 103 non-diabetic adult volunteers, including 46 patients with MAFLD, were included in this study. All participants underwent the OFTT. Venous blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Circulating total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), hypersensitive-C reactive protein(hs-CRP) and FGF21 were assessed. Results Serum FGF21 significantly increased in the fasting state (P < 0.05) and showed a biphasic change of first decreasing and then increasing in MAFLD during the OFTT. The postprandial levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, FFA, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP were significantly increased in MAFLD (P < 0.05). After adjusting for multiple factors, the FGF21 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was linearly correlated with the FFA iAUC, TG iAUC, and IL-6 iAUC (P < 0.05) and was an independent factor for MAFLD (P < 0.05, OR=1.403). Conclusion Dyslipidemia and excessive inflammation in MAFLD are associated to FGF21 levels in the postprandial period. An abnormal postprandial FGF21 response may be an important mechanism of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kunjie Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Tingxue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianlin Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Reis ASLDS, Furtado GE, Menuchi MRTP, Borges GF. The Impact of Exercise on Interleukin-6 to Counteract Immunosenescence: Methodological Quality and Overview of Systematic Reviews. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:954. [PMID: 38786366 PMCID: PMC11121001 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the methodological quality of published systematic reviews on randomized and non-randomized clinical trials to synthesize evidence on the association between IL-6, immunosenescence, and aerobic and/or resistance exercise. METHOD The Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Systematic Reviews (PRIO-harms) guideline was used, with registration number CRD42022346142-PROSPERO. Relevant databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using English Medical Subject Headings terms. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews analyzing aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both and assessing IL-6 as a biomarker of cellular immunosenescence in humans. The Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) was employed. RESULTS Out of 742 identified articles, 18 were eligible, and 13 were selected for analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 249 to 1421 participants, mostly female, with ages ranging from 17 to 95 years. Aerobic exercise was the most studied type (46.15%), followed by combined exercise (38.46%) and resistance exercise (15.38%). Aerobic exercise showed a statistically significant reduction in IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Among the 13 reviews analyzed using AMSTAR-2, 8 were rated as critically low quality, and 5 were classified as low quality. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to modulate IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α levels in immunosenescence. However, the limited methodological quality of the analyzed systematic reviews highlights the urgent need for robust, high-quality studies to improve access to information and facilitate evidence-based decision-making in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sulivan Lopes da Silva Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, The State University of Santa Cruz (PPGEF/UESB/UESC), Ilhéus 45650-000, BA, Brazil; (A.S.L.d.S.R.); (M.R.T.P.M.)
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços-S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Inovation Center, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | | | - Grasiely Faccin Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, The State University of Santa Cruz (PPGEF/UESB/UESC), Ilhéus 45650-000, BA, Brazil; (A.S.L.d.S.R.); (M.R.T.P.M.)
- Center for Public Policies and Social Technologies, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Praça José Bastos, s/n, Centro, Itabuna 45600-923, BA, Brazil
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Deng L, Michielsen CCJR, Vrieling F, Hooiveld GJEJ, Stienstra R, Feitsma AL, Kersten S, Afman LA. Milk fat globule membrane modulates inflammatory pathways in human monocytes: A crossover human intervention study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:232-245. [PMID: 38101314 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of high-fat foods raises postprandial plasma triglycerides and inflammatory markers, which may depend on the type of fat ingested. Dairy products are commonly consumed, but not much is known about the impact of milk fat and the milk fat globule membrane on postprandial inflammation. Here, we aimed to study the effect of milk fat with and without milk fat globule membrane and a vegetable fat blend on post-prandial inflammation, with a focus on blood monocyte gene expression. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial in 37 middle-aged healthy male and female volunteers (BMI 22-27 kg/m2). The participants consumed a meal shake containing 95.5 g of fat consisting of either a vegetable fat blend (VEGE), anhydrous milk fat (AMF, without milk fat globule membrane), or cream (CREAM, containing milk fat globule membrane). Blood monocytes were collected at 0 h and 6 h postprandially and used for bulk RNA sequencing and ex vivo stimulation with LPS. RESULTS Consumption of all three shakes significantly decreased the percentage of classical monocytes and increased the percentages of intermediate monocytes and non-classical monocytes. No differences in these measures were observed between shakes. Using a threshold of p < 0.01, 787 genes were differentially regulated postprandially between the three shakes. 89 genes were differentially regulated postprandially between AMF and VEGE, 373 genes between AMF and CREAM, and 667 genes between VEGE and CREAM, indicating that the effect of CREAM on monocyte gene expression was distinct from AMF and VEGE. Pathway analyses showed that VEGE significantly increased the expression of genes involved in inflammatory pathways, whereas this was less pronounced after AMF and not observed after CREAM. In addition, CREAM significantly down-regulated the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism-related pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as HIF-1 signaling. CONCLUSION Compared to the consumption of an anhydrous milk fat without milk fat globule membrane and a vegetable fat blend, the consumption of cream with milk fat globule membrane downregulated inflammatory pathways in blood monocytes, thus suggesting a potential inflammation inhibitory effect of milk fat globule membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C J R Michielsen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk L Feitsma
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Sasso E, Baticic L, Sotosek V. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Its Medical Implications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2317. [PMID: 38137918 PMCID: PMC10744591 DOI: 10.3390/life13122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An unbalanced diet increases the risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases and cancers, leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Low-grade systemic chronic inflammation mediated by the activation of the innate immune system is common to all these pathologies. Inflammation is a biological response of the body and a normal part of host defense to combat the effects of bacteria, viruses, toxins and macronutrients. However, when the innate immune system is constantly activated, it can promote the development of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, which could play an important role in the development of chronic diseases and cancer. Since most chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with diet, a balanced healthy diet high in anti-inflammatory food components could prevent chronic diseases and cancer. The cells of the body's immune system produce chemokines and cytokines which can have pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting as well as anti-inflammatory and tumor-fighting functions. A challenge in the future will be to assess whether polymorphisms in immune-related genes may play a role in promoting pro-inflammatory activity. Thanks to this duality, future research on immune regulation could focus on how innate immune cells can be modified to convert a pro-inflammatory and tumor-friendly microenvironment into an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor one. This review describes inflammatory responses mediated by the innate immune system in various diseases such as hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipemia, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sasso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Baticic
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotosek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Dordevic AL, Williamson G. Systematic Review and Quantitative Data Synthesis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Consensus Gene Expression Changes in Response to a High Fat Meal. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300512. [PMID: 37817369 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Metabolic flexibility is essential for a healthy response to a high fat meal, and is assessed by measuring postprandial changes in blood markers including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; lymphocytes and monocytes). However, there is no clear consensus on postprandial gene expression and protein changes in these cells. METHOD AND RESULTS The study systematically reviews the literature reporting transcriptional and proteomic changes in PBMCs after consumption of a high fat meal. After re-analysis of the raw data to ensure equivalence between studies, ≈85 genes are significantly changed (defined as in the same direction in ≥3 studies) with about half involved in four processes: inflammation/oxidative stress, GTP metabolism, apoptosis, and lipid localization/transport. For meals consisting predominantly of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), notable additional processes are phosphorylation and glucocorticoid response. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), genes related to migration/angiogenesis and platelet aggregation are also changed. CONCLUSION Despite differences in study design, common gene changes are identified in PBMCs following a high fat meal. These common genes and processes will facilitate definition of the postprandial transcriptome as part of the overall postcibalome, linking all molecules and processes that change in the blood after a meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC3168, Australia
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Charoenwoodhipong P, Holt RR, Keen CL, Hedayati N, Sato T, Sone T, Hackman RM. The Effect of Hokkaido Red Wines on Vascular Outcomes in Healthy Adult Men: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4054. [PMID: 37764837 PMCID: PMC10535196 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate red wine intake has been associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, due in part to the intake of polyphenols and anthocyanins, whose content can vary from varietal and year of harvest. This study assessed the vascular effects in response to a single intake of 2015 and 2018 Zweigelt red wines from Hokkaido, Japan. Healthy men were randomly assigned to consume 240 mL each of a red wine, or a sparkling white grape juice as a control in a randomized three-arm cross-over design with a 7 day washout between arms. The augmentation index (AI; a measure of arterial stiffness) and AI at 75 beats/min (AI75), reactive hyperemia index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and platelet reactivity were assessed at baseline and two and four hours after each beverage intake. Changes from the baseline were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Significant treatment effects (p = 0.02) were observed, with AI 13% lower after the intake of the 2015 or 2018 vintages compared to the control. Intake of the 2018 vintage reduced SBP and DBP (-4.1 mmHg and -5.6 mmHg, respectively; p = 0.02) compared to the 2015 wine and the control drink. The amount of hydroxytyrosol in the 2018 wine was almost twice the amount as in the 2015 wine, which may help explain the variable blood pressure results. Future studies exploring the vascular effects of the same red wine from different vintage years and different phenolic profiles are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta R. Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.C.)
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nasim Hedayati
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Teruo Sone
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hackman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.C.)
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Kishimoto I. Subclinical Reactive Hypoglycemia with Low Glucose Effectiveness-Why We Cannot Stop Snacking despite Gaining Weight. Metabolites 2023; 13:754. [PMID: 37367911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has grown worldwide owing to modern obesogenic lifestyles, including frequent snacking. Recently, we studied continuous glucose monitoring in obese/overweight men without diabetes and found that half of them exhibit glucose levels less than 70 mg/dL after a 75-g oral glucose load without notable hypoglycemic symptoms. Interestingly, people with "subclinical reactive hypoglycemia (SRH)" snack more frequently than those without it. Since the ingestion of sugary snacks or drinks could further induce SRH, a vicious cycle of "Snacking begets snacking via SRH" can be formed. Glucose effectiveness (Sg) is an insulin-independent mechanism that contributes to most of the whole-body glucose disposal after an oral glucose load in people without diabetes. Our recent data suggest that both higher and lower Sg are associated with SRH, while the latter but not the former is linked to snacking habits, obesity, and dysglycemia. The present review addresses the possible role of SRH in snacking habits in people with obesity/overweight, taking Sg into account. It is concluded that, for those with low Sg, SRH can be regarded as a link between snacking and obesity. Prevention of SRH by raising Sg might be key to controlling snacking habits and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kishimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Toyooka Public Hospital, 1094, Tobera, Toyooka 668-8501, Hyogo, Japan
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Engeroff T, Groneberg DA, Wilke J. After Dinner Rest a While, After Supper Walk a Mile? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis on the Acute Postprandial Glycemic Response to Exercise Before and After Meal Ingestion in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Sports Med 2023; 53:849-869. [PMID: 36715875 PMCID: PMC10036272 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most effective way to cope with high blood sugar spikes is to engage in physical activity in temporal proximity to food intake. However, so far, it is unclear as to whether there is an optimal time for physical activity around food intake. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the impact of pre- and post-meal exercise on postprandial glucose excursions in humans with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022324070. We screened MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane/CINAHL/EMBASE, and Web of Knowledge until 1 May, 2022. We used the risk of bias rating with the crossover extension of the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool II. Standardized mean differences (SMDs, Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as pooled effect estimates of a random-effects meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria included three-armed randomized controlled trials comparing the acute effects of pre- and post-meal exercise to a no-exercise control in humans. RESULTS Eight randomized controlled trials (crossover trials, high risk of bias) with 30 interventions in 116 participants (47 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, 69 without type 2 diabetes) were eligible. Exercise after meal ingestion (real food or meal replacement drinks) led to a reduction in postprandial glucose excursions compared with exercise before eating (15 effect sizes; SMD = 0.47 [95% CI 0.23, 0.70]) and an inactive control condition (15 effect sizes; SMD = 0.55 [95% CI 0.34, 0.75]. Pre-meal exercise did not lead to significantly lower postprandial glucose compared to an inactive control (15 effect sizes; SMD = - 0.13 [95% CI - 0.42, 0.17]). The time between meal and exercise (estimate = - 0.0151; standard error = 0.00473; Z = - 3.19; p = 0.001; 95% CI - 0.024, - 0.006) had a moderating influence on postprandial glucose excursions. CONCLUSIONS Exercise, i.e., walking, has a greater acute beneficial impact on postprandial hyperglycemia when undertaken as soon as possible after a meal rather than after a longer interval or before eating. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The review was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022324070). The date of submission was 07.04.2022, with the registration on 08.05.2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engeroff
- Division Health and Performance, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Building 9B, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Thomas MC, Coughlan MT, Cooper ME. The postprandial actions of GLP-1 receptor agonists: The missing link for cardiovascular and kidney protection in type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:253-273. [PMID: 36754019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes have demonstrated beneficial actions on heart and kidney outcomes following treatment with GLP-1RAs. In part, these actions are consistent with improved glucose control and significant weight loss. But GLP-1RAs may also have additive benefits by improving postprandial dysmetabolism. In diabetes, dysregulated postprandial nutrient excursions trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, thrombogenicity, and endotoxemia; alter hormone levels; and modulate cardiac output and regional blood and lymphatic flow. In this perspective, we explore the actions of GLP-1RAs on the postprandial state and their potential role in end-organ benefits observed in recent trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin C Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
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Ennequin G, Thivel D, Mourot L, Isacco L. Physically active men present a healthier cardiometabolic profile in response to a balanced meal compared to inactive men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:283-297. [PMID: 36264326 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Post-meal cardiometabolic responses are critical for health, and may be influenced by physical activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of habitual physical activity level on the metabolic, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular responses to a balanced meal in healthy men. METHODS 12 active and 12 inactive healthy males, matched for age and body composition, attended the laboratory in fasting condition. Participants were asked to sit quietly and comfortably in an armchair for the whole duration of the experiment (~ 2h30). Metabolic, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular measurements were performed in fasting conditions, and at regular intervals until one hour after the end of a balanced breakfast. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between groups in glycaemia or energy expenditure throughout the experiment. Fat oxidation rate was significantly higher one-hour post-meal in active vs inactive men (Respiratory Quotient: 0.78 ± 0.04 vs 0.88 ± 0.03; p < 0.01). Heart rate was significantly lower in active compared to inactive individuals (p < 0.001) throughout the experiment and active participants displayed significantly enhanced vagal tone one-hour post-meal (square root of the sum of successive differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals squared: 72.4 ± 27.9 vs 46.4 ± 14.1 ms; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In healthy men, habitual physical activity level seems discriminant to decipher specific profiles in terms of cardiometabolic responses to a meal. Overall, it may suggest pre-signal cardiometabolic impairments in healthy inactive individuals and highlight the need to consider primary prevention in inactive subjects as a key factor for health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 3, rue de la Chébarde, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 3, rue de la Chébarde, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.,Division for Physical Education, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 3, rue de la Chébarde, 63178, Aubière Cedex, France. .,EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, Exercise Performance Health Innovation (EPHI) platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.
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Rhodes CH, Zhu C, Agus J, Tang X, Li Q, Engebrecht J, Zivkovic AM. Human fasting modulates macrophage function and upregulates multiple bioactive metabolites that extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans: a pilot clinical study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:286-297. [PMID: 36811567 PMCID: PMC10196604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodic prolonged fasting (PF) extends lifespan in model organisms and ameliorates multiple disease states both clinically and experimentally owing, in part, to its ability to modulate the immune system. However, the relationship between metabolic factors, immunity, and longevity during PF remains poorly characterized especially in humans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe the effects of PF in human subjects on the clinical and experimental markers of metabolic and immune health and uncover underlying plasma-borne factors that may be responsible for these effects. METHODS In this rigorously controlled pilot study (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier, NCT03487679), 20 young males and females participated in a 3-d study protocol including assessments of 4 distinct metabolic states: 1) overnight fasted baseline state, 2) 2-h postprandial fed state, 3) 36-h fasted state, and 4) final 2-h postprandial re-fed state 12 h after the 36-h fasting period. Clinical and experimental markers of immune and metabolic health were assessed for each state along with comprehensive metabolomic profiling of participant plasma. Bioactive metabolites identified to be upregulated in circulation after 36 h of fasting were then assessed for their ability to mimic the effects of fasting in isolated human macrophage as well as the ability to extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS We showed that PF robustly altered the plasma metabolome and conferred beneficial immunomodulatory effects on human macrophages. We also identified 4 bioactive metabolites that were upregulated during PF (spermidine, 1-methylnicotinamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide) that could replicate these immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, we found that these metabolites and their combination significantly extended the median lifespan of C. elegans by as much as 96%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study reveal multiple functionalities and immunological pathways affected by PF in humans, identify candidates for the development of fasting mimetic compounds, and uncover targets for investigation in longevity research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Joanne Agus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Qianyan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
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12
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Postprandial Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Responses to Grape Pomace Extract in Healthy Normal and Overweight/Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010156. [PMID: 36615813 PMCID: PMC9824782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial oxidative stress has been shown to promote atherosclerosis. Grape pomace (GP) is a source of similar-to-wine bioactive micro-constituents with known antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate metabolic and oxidative stress responses after the intake of grape pomace (GP) extract along with a high-fat meal, in normal and overweight healthy women. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 18 women were finally included, 11 with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 7 with BMI > 25 kg/m2, and consumed a high-fat meal with placebo or GP extract capsules in two separate visits. Blood samples were collected before and 6 h after the consumption. Measurements included basic biochemical markers, uric acid (UA), protein carbonyls (PC), thiobarbituric acid substance (TBARS) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. At certain time points, the GP extract consumption in normal-weight women reduced UA, TBARS levels, and SOD activity, whereas it increased UA and reduced PC levels in overweight/obese women, compared to the placebo. GP-derived bioactive compounds may exert antioxidant actions during the postprandial state in healthy women, through different mechanisms according to their BMI status.
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13
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Fiamoncini J, Newman J, Brennan L. Editorial: Postprandial physiology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1107480. [PMID: 36570125 PMCID: PMC9784213 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jarlei Fiamoncini
| | - John Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Davis, CA, United States,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Medina-Larqué AS, Rodríguez-Daza MC, Roquim M, Dudonné S, Pilon G, Levy É, Marette A, Roy D, Jacques H, Desjardins Y. Cranberry polyphenols and agave agavins impact gut immune response and microbiota composition while improving gut barrier function, inflammation, and glucose metabolism in mice fed an obesogenic diet. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871080. [PMID: 36052065 PMCID: PMC9424773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based bioactive compounds modulates the gut microbiota and interacts with the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cranberry polyphenols (CP), rich in flavonoids, and agavins (AG), a highly branched agave-derived neo-fructans, on cardiometabolic response, gut microbiota composition, metabolic endotoxemia, and mucosal immunomodulation of C57BL6 male mice fed an obesogenic high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 9 weeks. Interestingly, CP+AG-fed mice had improved glucose homeostasis. Oral supplementation with CP selectively and robustly (five-fold) increases the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a beneficial bacteria associated with metabolic health. AG, either alone or combined with CP (CP+AG), mainly stimulated the glycan-degrading bacteria Muribaculum intestinale, Faecalibaculum rodentium, Bacteroides uniformis, and Bacteroides acidifaciens. This increase of glycan-degrading bacteria was consistent with a significantly increased level of butyrate in obese mice receiving AG, as compared to untreated counterparts. CP+AG-supplemented HFHS-fed mice had significantly lower levels of plasma LBP than HFHS-fed controls, suggesting blunted metabolic endotoxemia and improved intestinal barrier function. Gut microbiota and derived metabolites interact with the immunological factors to improve intestinal epithelium barrier function. Oral administration of CP and AG to obese mice contributed to dampen the pro-inflammatory immune response through different signaling pathways. CP and AG, alone or combined, increased toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 (Tlr2) expression, while decreasing the expression of interleukin 1ß (ILß1) in obese mice. Moreover, AG selectively promoted the anti-inflammatory marker Foxp3, while CP increased the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (Nlrp6) inflammasome. The intestinal immune system was also shaped by dietary factor recognition. Indeed, the combination of CP+AG significantly increased the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (Ahr). Altogether, both CP and AG can shape gut microbiota composition and regulate key mucosal markers involved in the repair of epithelial barrier integrity, thereby attenuating obesity-associated gut dysbiosis and metabolic inflammation and improving glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Sofía Medina-Larqué
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - María-Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation (FSAA), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcela Roquim
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, FSAA, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Research Centre, Sainte- Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation (FSAA), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, FSAA, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Yves Desjardins,
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15
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Cruz N, Flores M, Urquiaga I, Ávila F. Modulation of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Postprandial Responses Mediated by Food Bioactive Components and Mediterranean Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1513. [PMID: 36009232 PMCID: PMC9405221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoxidative stress with the consequent generation of advanced glycation end products has been implied in the etiology of numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. During the postprandial state, the levels of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds can increase, depending on numerous factors, including characteristics of the subjects mainly related to glucose metabolism disorders and nutritional status, as well as properties related to the chemical composition of meals, including macronutrient composition and the presence of dietary bioactive molecules and macromolecules. In this review, we examine the chemical, biochemical, and physiological pathways that contribute to postprandial generation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. The modulation of postprandial 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds is discussed in terms of biochemical pathways regulating the levels of these compounds, as well as the effect of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean and Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cruz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Inés Urquiaga
- Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Felipe Ávila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
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16
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Alcala-Diaz JF, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Torres-Peña JD, Rodriguez-Cantalejo F, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Yubero-Serrano EM, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Cardelo MP, Luque RM, Ordovas JM, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Lopez-Miranda J. A Gene Variation at the ZPR1 Locus (rs964184) Interacts With the Type of Diet to Modulate Postprandial Triglycerides in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: From the Coronary Diet Intervention With Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:885256. [PMID: 35782928 PMCID: PMC9247506 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.885256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims rs964184 variant in the ZPR1 gene has been associated with blood lipids levels both in fasting and postprandial state and with the risk of myocardial infarction in high-risk cardiovascular patients. However, whether this association is modulated by diet has not been studied. Objective To investigate whether the type of diet (low-fat or Mediterranean diets) interacts with genetic variability at this loci to modulate fasting and postprandial lipids in coronary patients. Materials and Methods The genotype of the rs964184 polymorphism was determined in the Cordioprev Study population (NCT00924937). Fasting and Postprandial triglycerides were assessed before and after 3 years of dietary intervention with either a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet. Postprandial lipid assessment was done by a 4-h oral fat tolerance test (OFTT). Differences in triglycerides levels were identified using repeated-measures ANCOVA. Results From 523 patients (85% males, mean age 59 years) that completed the OFTT at baseline and after 3 years of intervention and had complete genotype information, 125 of them were carriers of the risk allele G. At the start of the study, these patients showed a higher fasting and postprandial triglycerides (TG) plasma levels. After 3 years of dietary intervention, G-carriers following a Mediterranean Diet maintained higher fasting and postprandial triglycerides, while those on the low-fat diet reduced their postprandial triglycerides to similar values to the population without the G-allele. Conclusion After 3 years of dietary intervention, the altered postprandial triglyceride response induced by genetic variability in the rs964184 polymorphism of the ZPR1 gene can be modulated by a low-fat diet, better than by a Mediterranean diet, in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D. Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oriol A. Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M. Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena P. Cardelo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul M. Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-Food), Madrid, Spain
- International Advisory Board, University Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose Lopez-Miranda,
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17
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Fiamoncini J, Donado-Pestana CM, Duarte GBS, Rundle M, Thomas EL, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Gundersen TE, Bunzel D, Trezzi JP, Kulling SE, Hiller K, Sonntag D, Ivanova D, Brennan L, Wopereis S, van Ommen B, Frost G, Bell J, Drevon CA, Daniel H. Plasma Metabolic Signatures of Healthy Overweight Subjects Challenged With an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898782. [PMID: 35774538 PMCID: PMC9237474 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion following ingestion of a carbohydrate load affects a multitude of metabolic pathways that simultaneously change direction and quantity of interorgan fluxes of sugars, lipids and amino acids. In the present study, we aimed at identifying markers associated with differential responses to an OGTT a population of healthy adults. By use of three metabolite profiling platforms, we assessed these postprandial responses of a total of 202 metabolites in plasma of 72 healthy volunteers undergoing comprehensive phenotyping and of which half enrolled into a weight-loss program over a three-month period. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) served as dietary challenge test to identify changes in postprandial metabolite profiles. Despite classified as healthy according to WHO criteria, two discrete clusters (A and B) were identified based on the postprandial glucose profiles with a balanced distribution of volunteers based on gender and other measures. Cluster A individuals displayed 26% higher postprandial glucose levels, delayed glucose clearance and increased fasting plasma concentrations of more than 20 known biomarkers of insulin resistance and diabetes previously identified in large cohort studies. The volunteers identified by canonical postprandial responses that form cluster A may be called pre-pre-diabetics and defined as “at risk” for development of insulin resistance. Moreover, postprandial changes in selected fatty acids and complex lipids, bile acids, amino acids, acylcarnitines and sugars like mannose revealed marked differences in the responses seen in cluster A and cluster B individuals that sustained over the entire challenge test period of 240 min. Almost all metabolites, including glucose and insulin, returned to baseline values at the end of the test (at 240 min), except a variety of amino acids and here those that have been linked to diabetes development. Analysis of the corresponding metabolite profile in a fasting blood sample may therefore allow for early identification of these subjects at risk for insulin resistance without the need to undergo an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Donado-Pestana
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela Biude Silva Duarte
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabine E. Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Microbiology and Systems Biology, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Vitas Ltd., Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hannelore Daniel
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Radford-Smith DE, Patel PJ, Irvine KM, Russell A, Siskind D, Anthony DC, Powell EE, Probert F. Depressive symptoms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are identified by perturbed lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261555. [PMID: 34990473 PMCID: PMC8735618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and depression are common disorders and have bidirectional contributing relationships to metabolic syndrome. We aimed to determine whether a fasting serum signature of recent, self-reported depressive symptoms could be identified in a heterogeneous NAFLD cohort using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics integrated with clinical chemistry. Serum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolite profiles and corresponding clinical chemistry were compared between patients with depressive symptoms in the last 12-months (n = 81) and patients without recent depressive symptoms (n = 137 controls) using multivariate statistics. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of the biochemical and metabolomic data identified NAFLD patients with recent depression with a cross-validated accuracy of 61.5%, independent of age, sex, medication, and other comorbidities. This led to the development of a diagnostic algorithm with AUC 0.83 for future testing in larger clinical cohorts. Serum triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, and the inflammatory biomarker GlycA were key metabolites increased in patients with recent depressive symptoms, while serum glutamine level was reduced. Here, serum NMR metabolite analysis provides a link between disturbed lipid metabolism, inflammation, and active mental health issues in NAFLD, irrespective of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Radford-Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Preya J. Patel
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Russell
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth E. Powell
- Centre for Liver Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Lewis GF, Hegele RA. Effective, disease-modifying, clinical approaches to patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:142-148. [PMID: 34922644 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma triglyceride concentration is easily, inexpensively, and accurately measured, and when elevated is a highly informative disease marker that identifies individuals who frequently have a host of underlying metabolic, inflammatory, and atherogenic risk factors. Although this concept aligns with much that has been discussed regarding the metabolic syndrome, individuals identified with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia on a screening lipid profile are not necessarily recognised as having features of the metabolic syndrome and frequently do not receive definitive, meaningful, disease-modifying therapy. This treatment would include (1) lifestyle modification; (2) LDL-lowering therapies to aggressively treat elevated apolipoprotein B-containing particles; (3) antihypertensive therapies that have optimal therapeutic profiles for those individuals with metabolic syndrome; (4) icosapent ethyl for those individuals at high risk, particularly patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who have residual hypertriglyceridaemia despite treatment with appropriate LDL-lowering therapies; (5) preferential use of cardiovascular protective diabetes therapies, in individuals with diabetes; and (6) antithrombotic therapies for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the context of high vascular disease risk and diabetes. Several emerging therapies, such as novel weight reducing, anti-inflammatory, lipid-modifying therapies, and therapies targeting the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, could also soon enter the clinical arena for patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, and The Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Kleftaki SA, Simati S, Amerikanou C, Gioxari A, Tzavara C, Zervakis GI, Kalogeropoulos N, Kokkinos A, Kaliora AC. Pleurotus eryngii improves postprandial glycaemia, hunger and fullness perception, and enhances ghrelin suppression in people with metabolically unhealthy obesity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105979. [PMID: 34798266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine potential postprandial benefits of Pleurotus eryngii in nineteen volunteers with metabolically unhealthy obesity. An acute, randomized, crossover-designed trial comparing a meal with Pleurotus eryngii and a control meal was performed. The two meals matched in macronutrient and caloric content. Participants consumed both meals in random order after an overnight fast. Blood samples were drawn before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after meal consumption (in total 266 samples) to determine glucose, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glicentin. Visual analog scales measuring the subjective perception of hunger and fullness were completed at the same time points. The test meal resulted in lower glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC). Additionally, the iAUC of the ghrelin response over time was substantially lower after the test meal (p = 0.033). Lower desire to eat and higher fullness was reflected by significantly lower hunger iAUC (p = 0.046) and higher fullness iAUC (p = 0.042) after the test meal. No differences in insulin, PYY, GLP-1 and glicentin were observed. Pleurotus eryngii can ameliorate postprandial glycaemia, appetite and regulate ghrelin levels at the postprandial state. This effect is attributed to the bioactive polysaccharides that inhibit the activity of enzymes catalysing carbohydrate hydrolysis, cause a delayed gastric emptying and glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia-Angeliki Kleftaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Simati
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nick Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana C Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Trends in Food Innovation: An Interventional Study on the Benefits of Consuming Novel Functional Cookies Enriched with Olive Paste. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olive paste may exert bioactivity due to its richness in bioactive components, such as oleic acid and polyphenols. The present interventional human study investigated if the fortification of cookies with olive paste and herbs may affect postprandial lipemia, oxidative stress, and other biomarkers in healthy volunteers. In a cross-over design, 10 healthy volunteers aged 20–30 years, consumed a meal, rich in fat and carbohydrates (50 g cookies). After a washout week, the same volunteers consumed the same cookie meal, enhanced with 20% olive paste. Blood sampling was performed before, 0.5 h, 1.5 h, and 3 h after eating. Total plasma antioxidant capacity according to FRAP, ABTS, and resistance to copper-induced plasma oxidation, serum lipids, glucose, uric acid, and antithrombotic activity in platelet-rich plasma were determined at each timepoint. There was a significant decrease in triglycerides’ concentration in the last 1.5 h in the intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A tendency for a decrease in glucose levels and an increase in the plasma antioxidant capacity was observed 0.5 h and 1.5 h, respectively, in the intervention compared to the control group. The remaining biomarkers did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). More clinical and epidemiological studies in a larger sample are necessary in order to draw safer conclusions regarding the effect of olive paste on metabolic biomarkers, with the aim to enhance the industrial production of innovative functional cookies with possible bioactivity.
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22
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Jokioja J, Yang B, Linderborg KM. Acylated anthocyanins: A review on their bioavailability and effects on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5570-5615. [PMID: 34611984 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the natural red and purple colorants of berries, fruits, vegetables, and tubers, improve carbohydrate metabolism and decrease the risk factors of metabolic disorders, but their industrial use is limited by their chemical instability. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins, however, changes the chemical properties of anthocyanins and provides enhanced stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins are more usable as natural colorants and bioactive components of innovative functional foods. Acylated anthocyanins are common in pigmented vegetables and tubers, the consumption of which has the potential to increase the intake of health-promoting anthocyanins as part of the daily diet. For the first time, this review presents the current findings on bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and health effects of acylated anthocyanins with comparison to more extensively investigated nonacylated anthocyanins. The structural differences between nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins lead to enhanced color stability, altered absorption, bioavailability, in vivo stability, and colonic degradation. The impact of phenolic metabolites and their potential health effects regardless of the low bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins as such is discussed. Here, purple-fleshed potatoes are presented as a globally available, eco-friendly model food rich in acylated anthocyanins, which further highlights the industrial possibilities and nutritional relevance of acylated anthocyanins. This work supports the academic community and industry in food research and development by reviewing the current literature and highlighting gaps of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jokioja
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Effects of Acute Fructose Loading on Markers of Inflammation-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093110. [PMID: 34578989 PMCID: PMC8465001 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in development of diabetic complications. The postprandial state has been linked to chronic low grade inflammation. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of fructose loading, with and without a pizza, on metabolic and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7) and in healthy subjects (HS) (n = 6), age 47–76 years. Drinks consumed were blueberry drink (18 g fructose), Coca-Cola (17.5 g fructose), and fructose drink (35 g fructose). The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and inflammatory markers: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were analyzed in blood. The postprandial responses were assessed using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test, Friedman’s ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test. There was no difference in baseline levels of inflammatory markers between the groups. In T2D, MCP-1 decreased following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.02), Coca-Cola + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03). In HS, IL-6 increased following blueberry + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03), there was a decrease in MCP-1 following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.03), and in ICAM-1 following blueberry + pizza (p = 0.03). These results may indicate a role for MCP-1 as a link between postprandial state and diabetes complications, however further mechanistic studies on larger population of patients with T2D are needed for confirmation of these results.
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24
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Papagianni O, Argyri K, Loukas T, Magkoutis A, Biagki T, Skalkos D, Kafetzopoulos D, Dimou C, Karantonis HC, Koutelidakis AE. Postprandial Bioactivity of a Spread Cheese Enriched with Mountain Tea and Orange Peel Extract in Plasma Oxidative Stress Status, Serum Lipids and Glucose Levels: An Interventional Study in Healthy Adults. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1241. [PMID: 34439907 PMCID: PMC8395019 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia, glycemia and oxidative stress may affect the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present intervention study was to investigate the effect of a spread cheese enriched with mountain tea (Sideritis sp.) and orange peel (Citrus sinensis) extract on postprandial metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers. In a cross-over design, 14 healthy subjects 20-30 years old were consumed either a meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (80 g white bread, 40 g butter and 30 g full fat spread cheese) or a meal with the spread cheese enriched with 6% mountain tea-orange peel extract. Differences in postprandial total plasma antioxidant capacity, resistance of plasma to oxidation, serum lipids, glucose and uric acid levels were evaluated at 0, 1.5 and 3 h after consumption. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased 3 h after the consumption of the meal in the presence of the extract-enriched cheese, compared to the conventional cheese (p = 0.05). Plasma resistance to oxidation was increased at 30 min in the Functional meal compared with the Control meal. A tendency to decrease the postprandial rise in glucose and triglyceride levels, 1.5 h and 3 h, respectively, after the intake of the meal with the extract-enriched cheese was observed (p = 0.062). No significant changes in the concentrations of the remaining biomarkers studied were observed (p > 0.05). Further studies with a larger sample are needed in both healthy adults and patients with cardiovascular disease to draw safer conclusions about the postprandial effect of the extracts on metabolic biomarkers that predict cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papagianni
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (O.P.); (K.A.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Konstantina Argyri
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (O.P.); (K.A.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Thomas Loukas
- Outpatιent Clinic, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Theodora Biagki
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (O.P.); (K.A.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Dimitrios Skalkos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | | | - Charalampia Dimou
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (O.P.); (K.A.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Haralampos C. Karantonis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Antonios E. Koutelidakis
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (O.P.); (K.A.); (T.B.); (C.D.)
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25
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Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082625. [PMID: 34444784 PMCID: PMC8401117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.
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26
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Mazidi M, Valdes AM, Ordovas JM, Hall WL, Pujol JC, Wolf J, Hadjigeorgiou G, Segata N, Sattar N, Koivula R, Spector TD, Franks PW, Berry SE. Meal-induced inflammation: postprandial insights from the Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) study in 1000 participants. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1028-1038. [PMID: 34100082 PMCID: PMC8408875 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meal-induced metabolic changes trigger an acute inflammatory response, contributing to chronic inflammation and associated diseases. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize variability in postprandial inflammatory responses using traditional (IL-6) and novel [glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA)] biomarkers of inflammation and dissect their biological determinants with a focus on postprandial glycemia and lipemia. METHODS Postprandial (0-6 h) glucose, triglyceride (TG), IL-6, and GlycA responses were measured at multiple intervals after sequential mixed-nutrient meals (0 h and 4 h) in 1002 healthy adults aged 18-65 y from the PREDICT (Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial) 1 study, a single-arm dietary intervention study. Measures of habitual diet, blood biochemistry, gut microbiome composition, and visceral fat mass (VFM) were also collected. RESULTS The postprandial changes in GlycA and IL-6 concentrations were highly variable between individuals. Participants eliciting an increase in GlycA and IL-6 (60% and 94% of the total participants, respectively) had mean 6-h increases of 11% and 190%, respectively. Peak postprandial TG and glucose concentrations were significantly associated with 6-h GlycA (r = 0.83 and r = 0.24, respectively; both P < 0.001) but not with 6-h IL-6 (both P > 0.26). A random forest model revealed the maximum TG concentration was the strongest postprandial TG predictor of postprandial GlycA and structural equation modeling revealed that VFM and fasting TG were most strongly associated with fasting and postprandial GlycA. Network Mendelian randomization demonstrated a causal link between VFM and fasting GlycA, mediated (28%) by fasting TG. Individuals eliciting enhanced GlycA responses had higher predicted cardiovascular disease risk (using the atherosclerotic disease risk score) than the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSIONS The variable postprandial increases in GlycA and their associations with TG metabolism highlight the importance of modulating TG in concert with obesity to reduce GlycA and associated low-grade inflammation-related diseases.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03479866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Koivula
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Zhao Y, Liu L, Yang S, Liu G, Pan L, Gu C, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao R, Wu M. Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Induced by Postprandial Lipemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:636947. [PMID: 33996937 PMCID: PMC8116525 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.636947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia plays an important role in the formation, occurrence, and development of atherosclerosis, and it is closely related to coronary heart disease and other diseases involving endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other mechanisms. Therefore, it has become a focus area for further research. The studies on postprandial lipemia mainly include TG, TRL, VLDL, CM, and remnant cholesterol. Diurnal triglyceride patterns and postprandial hyperlipidemia are very relevant and are now insufficiently covered. The possible mechanisms between postprandial lipemia and cardiovascular disease have been reviewed in this article by referring to relevant literature in recent years. The research progress on the effects of postprandial lipemia on endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation is highlighted. The intervention of postprandial lipemia is discussed. Non-medicinal intervention such as diet and exercise improves postprandial lipemia. As medicinal intervention, statin, fibrate, ezetimibe, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin have been found to improve postprandial lipid levels. Novel medications such as pemafibrate, PCSK9, and apoCIII inhibitors have been the focus of research in recent years. Gut microbiota is closely related to lipid metabolism, and some studies have indicated that intestinal microorganisms may affect lipid metabolism as environmental factors. Whether intervention of gut microbiota can reduce postprandial lipemia, and therefore against AS, may be worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhao
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Gu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Vega-Holm M, Iglesias-Guerra F, Vega-Pérez JM, Aiello F, Brizzi A. GPR120/FFAR4 Pharmacology: Focus on Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4312-4332. [PMID: 33843223 PMCID: PMC8154576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
activated by free fatty
acids (FFAs) have emerged as new and exciting drug targets, due to
their plausible translation from pharmacology to medicines. This perspective
aims to report recent research about GPR120/FFAR4 and its involvement
in several diseases, including cancer, inflammatory conditions, and
central nervous system disorders. The focus is to highlight the importance
of GPR120 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GPR120 agonists, useful
in T2DM drug discovery, have been widely explored from a structure–activity
relationship point of view. Since the identification of the first
reported synthetic agonist TUG-891, the research has paved the way
for the development of TUG-based molecules as well as new and different
chemical entities. These molecules might represent the starting point
for the future discovery of GPR120 agonists as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Iglesias-Guerra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vega-Pérez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, DoE 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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29
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Bruemmer D, Cho L. Remnant Cholesterol: The Leftovers and Their Contribution to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012615. [PMID: 33877871 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Bruemmer
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Leslie Cho
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
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30
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Meessen EC, Bakker GJ, Nieuwdorp M, Dallinga-Thie GM, Kemper EM, Olde Damink SW, Romijn JA, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Knop FK, Groen AK, Schaap FG, Soeters MR. Parenteral nutrition impairs plasma bile acid and gut hormone responses to mixed meal testing in lean healthy men. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1013-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Santoro A, Martucci M, Conte M, Capri M, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Inflammaging, hormesis and the rationale for anti-aging strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101142. [PMID: 32814129 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose in this review that hormesis, a concept profoundly and systematically addressed by Mark Mattson, has to be considered a sort of comprehensive "contact point" capable of unifying several conceptualizations of the aging process, including those focused on the stress response, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation/inflammaging. A major strength of hormesis and inflammaging is that they have a strong evolutionary basis. Moreover, both hormesis and inflammaging frame the aging process within a lifelong perspective of adaptation to different types of stresses. Such adaptation perspective also suggests that the aging process is malleable, and predicts that effective anti-aging strategies should mimic what evolution did in the course of million years and that we have to learn how to exploit the great potential inherent in the hormetic/inflammatory responses. To this regard, new topics such as the production of mitokines to cope with mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as possible anti-aging target. This approach opens theoretically the door to the possibility of modulating the individual aging rate and trajectory by adopting the most effective scientifically-based lifestyle regarding fundamentally nutrition and physical activity. In this scenario Mark Mattson's lesson and personal example will permanently enlighten the aging field and the quest for a healthy aging and longevity.
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Kimono D, Bose D, Seth RK, Mondal A, Saha P, Janulewicz P, Sullivan K, Lasley S, Horner R, Klimas N, Chatterjee S. Host Akkermansia muciniphila Abundance Correlates With Gulf War Illness Symptom Persistence via NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Decreased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520942480. [PMID: 32832901 PMCID: PMC7440889 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520942480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are commonly reported among veterans who returned from the Gulf war. Veterans who suffer from Gulf War illness (GWI) complain of continued symptom persistence that includes neurological disorders, muscle weakness, headaches, and memory loss, that developed during or shortly after the war. Our recent research showed that chemical exposure associated microbial dysbiosis accompanied by a leaky gut connected the pathologies in the intestine, liver, and brain. However, the mechanisms that caused the symptoms to persist even 30 years after the war remained elusive to investigators. In this study, we used a rodent model of GWI to investigate the persistence of microbiome alterations, resultant chronic inflammation, and its effect on neurotrophic and synaptic plasticity marker BDNF. The results showed that exposure to GW chemicals (the pesticide permethrin and prophylactic drug pyridostigmine bromide) resulted in persistent pathology characterized by the low relative abundance of the probiotic bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut, which correlated with high circulatory HMGB1 levels, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation and lowered neurotrophin BDNF levels. Mechanistically, we used mice lacking the NLRP3 gene to investigate this inflammasome's role in observed pathology. These mice had significantly decreased inflammation and a subsequent increase in BDNF in the frontal cortex. This suggests that a persistently low species abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and associated chronic inflammation due to inflammasome activation might be playing a significant role in contributing to chronic neurological problems in GWI. A therapeutic approach with various small molecules that can target both the restoration of a healthy microbiome and decreasing inflammasome activation might have better outcomes in treating GWI symptom persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ayan Mondal
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Patricia Janulewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Sullivan
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Ronnie Horner
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nancy Klimas
- Department of Clinical Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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