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Darkhawaja R, Hänggi J, Bringolf-Isler B, Kayser B, Suggs LS, Kwiatkowski M, Probst-Hensch N. Weekend physical activity profiles and their relationship with quality of life: The SOPHYA cohort of Swiss children and adolescents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298890. [PMID: 38820541 PMCID: PMC11142694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality of life (QoL) is an important health indicator among children and adolescents. Evidence on the effect of physical activity (PA)-related behaviors on QoL among youth remains inconsistent. Conventional accelerometer-derived PA metrics and guidelines with a focus on whole weeks may not adequately characterize QoL relevant PA behavior. OBJECTIVE This study aims to a) identify clusters of accelerometer-derived PA profiles during weekend days among children and adolescents living in Switzerland, b) assess their cross-sectional and predictive association with overall QoL and its dimensions, and c) investigate whether the associations of QoL with the newly identified clusters persist upon adjustment for the commonly used PA metrics moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and time spent in sedentary behavior (SB). METHODS The population-based Swiss children's Objectively measured PHYsical Activity (SOPHYA) cohort among children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years was initiated at baseline in 2013. PA and QoL information was obtained twice over a five-year follow-up period. The primary endpoint is the overall QoL score and its six dimension scores obtained by KINDL® questionnaire. The primary predictor is the cluster membership of accelerometer-derived weekend PA profile. Clusters were obtained by applying the k-medoid algorithm to the distance matrix of profiles obtained by pairwise alignments of PA time series using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. Secondary predictors are accelerometer-derived conventional PA metrics MVPA and SB from two combined weekend days. Linear regression models were applied to assess a) the cross-sectional association between PA cluster membership and QoL at baseline and b) the predictive association between PA cluster membership at baseline and QoL at follow-up, adjusting for baseline QoL. RESULTS The study sample for deriving PA profile clusters consisted of 51.4% girls and had an average age of 10.9 [SD 2.5] years). The elbow and silhouette methods indicated that weekend PA profiles are best classified in two or four clusters. The most differentiating characteristic for the two-clusters classification ("lower activity" and "high activity"), and the four-clusters classification ("inactive", "low activity", "medium activity", and "high activity"), respectively was the participant's mean counts per 15-seconds epoch. Participants assigned to high activity clusters were younger and more often male. Neither the clustered PA profiles nor MVPA or SB were cross-sectionally or predictively associated with overall QoL. The only association of a conventional PA metrics with QoL while adjusting for cluster membership was observed between MVPA during the weekend days and social well-being with a mean score difference of 2.4 (95%CI: 0.3 to 4.5; p = 0.025). CONCLUSION The absence of strong associations of PA metrics for the weekend with QoL, except for the positive association between MVPA during the weekend days and social well-being, is in line with results from two randomized studies not showing efficacy of PA interventions on youth QoL. But because PA decreases with age, its promotion and relevance to QoL remain important research topics. Larger longitudinal study samples with more than two follow-up time points of children and adolescents are needed to derive new novel accelerometer-derived PA profiles and to associate them with QoL dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranin Darkhawaja
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Hänggi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Suzanne Suggs
- Institute for Public Health and Institute of Communication and Public Policy, Università della SvizzeraItaliana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marek Kwiatkowski
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Mebarak M, Mendoza J, Romero D, Amar J. Healthy Life Habits in Caregivers of Children in Vulnerable Populations: A Cluster Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:537. [PMID: 38791757 PMCID: PMC11121232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Intervention programs aimed at mitigating the effects of chronic noncommunicable disease (CNDs) focus on promoting healthy lifestyle habits (HLH), especially in the early stages of life. Because of this, different typologies of caregivers have been identified according to HLH during middle childhood and adolescence. However, the available studies have focused on aspects such as nutrition, physical activity, and rest, ignoring other HLHs that are equally important for children's well-being. Likewise, few studies address HLH during the first five years of life and how caregivers affect children's health. In a sample of 544 caregivers of children aged zero to five years from low-income Colombian communities, we established a typology of attitudes toward different HLHs. The results indicate the presence of three clusters that grouped caregivers with (1) positive attitudes toward all HLHs, (2) toward some HLHs, and (3) relatively low positive attitudes toward all HLHs. Membership in clusters with less positive attitudes toward HLHs was also found to be associated with low educational levels and living in rural areas. This study detected profiles of caregivers who may have unhealthy lifestyles, so the results would allow social workers to design differential interventions on HLHs in non-industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Mebarak
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Juan Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Duban Romero
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
| | - José Amar
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
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Lim H, Lee H. Eating Habits and Lifestyle Factors Related to Childhood Obesity Among Children Aged 5-6 Years: Cluster Analysis of Panel Survey Data in Korea. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51581. [PMID: 38578687 PMCID: PMC11031700 DOI: 10.2196/51581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has emerged as a major health issue due to the rapid growth in the prevalence of obesity among young children worldwide. Establishing healthy eating habits and lifestyles in early childhood may help children gain appropriate weight and further improve their health outcomes later in life. OBJECTIVE This study aims to classify clusters of young children according to their eating habits and identify the features of each cluster as they relate to childhood obesity. METHODS A total of 1280 children were selected from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Data on their eating habits (eating speed, mealtime regularity, consistency of food amount, and balanced eating), sleep hours per day, outdoor activity hours per day, and BMI were obtained. We performed a cluster analysis on the children's eating habits using k-means methods. We conducted ANOVA and chi-square analyses to identify differences in the children's BMI, sleep hours, physical activity, and the characteristics of their parents and family by cluster. RESULTS At both ages (ages 5 and 6 years), we identified 4 clusters based on the children's eating habits. Cluster 1 was characterized by a fast eating speed (fast eaters); cluster 2 by a slow eating speed (slow eaters); cluster 3 by irregular eating habits (poor eaters); and cluster 4 by a balanced diet, regular mealtimes, and consistent food amounts (healthy eaters). Slow eaters tended to have the lowest BMI (P<.001), and a low proportion had overweight and obesity at the age of 5 years (P=.03) and 1 year later (P=.005). There was a significant difference in sleep time (P=.01) and mother's education level (P=.03) at the age of 5 years. Moreover, there was a significant difference in sleep time (P=.03) and the father's education level (P=.02) at the age of 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to establish healthy eating habits in early childhood may contribute to the prevention of obesity in children. Specifically, providing dietary guidance on a child's eating speed can help prevent childhood obesity. This research suggests that lifestyle modification could be a viable target to decrease the risk of childhood obesity and promote the development of healthy children. Additionally, we propose that future studies examine long-term changes in obesity resulting from lifestyle modifications in children from families with low educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemoon Lim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Olejua P, McLain AC, Inak N, Dowda M, Pate RR. Clustering Patterns of 24-Hour Physical Activity in Children 6-36 Months Old. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38307017 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine 24-hour physical activity (PA) clusters in children 6-36 months of age, factors associated with the clusters, and their agreement across time. METHOD A longitudinal study followed 150 infants from South Carolina up to 36 months of age. Measures included 24-hour PA and demographic data. Functional clustering was used to obtain the clusters. The association between cluster membership and infant/parent characteristics was examined by Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests. Concordance was measured with the kappa coefficient and percent agreement. RESULTS At each follow-up, 3 clusters were optimal, identified as late activity (cluster 1), high activity (cluster 2), and medium activity (cluster 3). The defining feature of the late activity cluster was that their physical activity (PA) activity was shifted to later in the day versus children in clusters 2 and 3. At 6 months, the clusters were associated with race (<0.001), crawling (0.043), other children in the household (0.043), and mother's education (0.004); at 12 months with race (0.029), childcare (<0.001), and education (<0.001); and at 36 months with other children in the household (0.019). Clusters showed moderate agreement (kappa = .41 [.25 to .57], agreement = 61% [49% to 72%]) between 6 and 12 months and, at 36 months, showed no agreement with either 6 or 12 months. CONCLUSION Twenty-four-hour PA can be clustered into medium, high, and late PA. Further research is needed into the consequences of late sleeping in children at this age. Clusters are associated with household and childcare factors, and cluster membership is dynamic across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olejua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Nabila Inak
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC,USA
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Zapico AG, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Quesada-González C, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Medrano M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Pulgar S, Tur JA, Segu M, Fíto M, Homs C, Benavente-Marín JC, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Bouzas C, Sistac C, Schröder H, Gesteiro E, González-Gross M. Lifestyle behaviors clusters in a nationwide sample of Spanish children and adolescents: PASOS study. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:2077-2084. [PMID: 37454185 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth is a vulnerable period. To classify lifestyle behaviors and its relationship with health-related outcomes of Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 3261 children aged 7.5-17.5 y (52.8% females). Physical activity (PA), screen-time, sleep time, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD), weight status (WS) by validated methods. Cluster analysis was run considering chronological age. RESULTS Six clusters were identified: C1: high screen time, low adherence to MD and sleep time (n = 431,13.20%); C2: high WS, medium adherence to MD,high sleep time, and low screen time (n = 466,14.30%); C3: young group with low screen time and high PA, adherence to MD and sleep (n = 537,16.40%); C4: worst profile regarding adherence to MD, PA, WS and sleep time (n = 609,18.70%); C5: low screen time and PA, high sleep time (n = 804,24.70%); C6: high PA and screen time, low WS (n = 414,12.70%). Mean absolute values were statistically different among PA levels, screen and sleep time, adherence to MD, age, and WS (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The most prevalent pattern was low levels of PA, MD, and screen time, and high sleep time. The second most prevalent was characterized by very low levels of PA, sleep time, and adherence to MD, and high screen time, and WS in adolescents. IMPACT STATEMENT The main identified lifestyle behavior was poor physical activity, low adherence to Mediterranean Diet and high screen and sleep time. Children should increase physical activity levels, adherence to Mediterranean diet, decrease screen and sleep the appropriate hours per day. Families, schools, and medical communities must work together to gloss over present and future diseases. Sleep time had not been previously included in cluster analysis with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, obesity, and nutritional status, thus the present data open a new perspective in Spanish population. Health policies should focus on promoting physical activity, Mediterranean diet, adequate sleep and reducing screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto G Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Quesada-González
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Felipe Gómez
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Epidemiology and Public Health studies (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- EpiPHAAN Research Group. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- ELIKOS group, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD). CIBEROBN, ISCIII Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, Asturias, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Fíto
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- GRoW, Global Research on Wellbeing, Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- EpiPHAAN Research Group. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Helmut Schröder
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Epidemiology and Public Health studies (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Oukheda M, Bouaouda K, Mohtadi K, Lebrazi H, Derouiche A, Kettani A, Saile R, Taki H. Association between nutritional status, body composition, and fitness level of adolescents in physical education in Casablanca, Morocco. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1268369. [PMID: 38024348 PMCID: PMC10661314 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1268369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to analyze and compare dietary intake, as well as to examine the associations between energy intake in terms of macronutrients, body composition, and physical fitness (PF) specifically cardiorespiratory endurance (CE) among a sample of young adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, who participate in physical education and sports sessions in public schools in Casablanca, Morocco. Materials and methods A total of 311 participants, including 156 girls and 154 boys, were included in the study. Each participant maintained a food diary for 3 days during the same study week. Additionally, body composition measurements were taken using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The PF was assessed using the validated mini-Cooper test (6 min). Results The results show that the participants had an average total energy intake of 2386.7 ± 492.7 kcal. A significant difference was observed between boys and girls, with average energy intakes of 2468.8 ± 531.1 kcal and 2304.0 ± 437.0 kcal, respectively. These dietary intakes were significantly lower than their needs and nutritional recommendations. The associations of nutritional status, sex, body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness (PF) were tested and a positive correlation was observed following an adequate intake of carbohydrates (CHO) and proteins on Vo2max, while a negative association was observed with regard to Body fat for both sexes. Boys exhibit significantly better PF than girls (p < 0.01). Obese participants had the lowest PF and an unbalanced nutritional status, the adolescents with a normal weight p < 0.01 displayed a high level of PF compared to individuals in other weight categories. Conclusion The PF is significantly associated with macronutrient intake status and body composition, especially BMI and BF. The Underweight, overweight, and obese students demonstrated poorer performance in physical fitness indices compared to normal-weight. Adolescents adhering to recommended CHO and protein intake levels tend to exhibit enhanced physical fitness. Implementing strategies to encourage students to maintain a balanced diet and engage in regular physical exercise is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Oukheda
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khawla Bouaouda
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karima Mohtadi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Halima Lebrazi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah Derouiche
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anass Kettani
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Saile
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Taki
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC 34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Health and BiotechnologyResearch Center, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Salas-González MD, Bermejo LM, González-Rodríguez LG, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM. Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in Spanish schoolchildren and its association with insulin resistance: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146580. [PMID: 37492132 PMCID: PMC10365640 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Being more active, being less sedentary, and sleeping enough are associated with adequate body weight and adiposity in children. However, few researchers have analyzed these different lifestyle behaviors and the adherence to 24 h movement guidelines with respect to insulin resistance (IR) at school age. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the association between the adherence to 24 h movement guidelines (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep) and IR in Spanish schoolchildren. Methods A cross-sectional study of 839 children (8-13 years, 51.1% girls) were studied. Anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle behavioral data were collected. IR was defined as HOMA-IR>3.16. Compliance with the 24 h movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 min/day of moderate and/or vigorous physical activity, < 120 min/day of screen time, and 9-11 h/day of sleep time. Associations between adherence to the 24 h movement guidelines and IR were performed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The IR in our sample was 5.0%, being higher in girls. Compliance with physical activity or screen time, but not with sleep recommendations, was associated with lower fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR values. A low adherence to 24 h movement guidelines was associated with a higher risk of IR (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.150 [1.089-4.247]), especially in girls (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.800 [1.180-6.645]). Conclusion Higher physical activity levels and lower screen times were associated with a lower risk of IR in schoolchildren, underlining the importance of adhering to as many healthy lifestyle recommendations as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana G. González-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT, Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Domaradzki J. The Discriminant Power of Specific Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors to Distinguish between Lean, Normal and Excessive Fat Groups in Late Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051230. [PMID: 36904229 PMCID: PMC10005529 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviors (DBs) are crucial determinants of body mass composition. This work is a continuation of the previous study of PA and DBs patterns in late adolescents. The main aim of this work was to assess the discriminant power of PA and dietary behaviors and to identify the set of variables that discriminated participants with low, normal, and excessive fat the most. The results were also canonical classification functions that can allow the classification of individuals into adequate groups. A total of 107 individuals (48.6% male) participated in examinations, which used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Questionnaire of Eating Behaviors (QEB) to assess PA and DBs. The participants self-reported body height, body weight, and BFP, with the accuracy of the data confirmed and empirically verified. Analyses included the metabolic equivalent task (MET) minutes of PA domains and intensity, and indices of healthy and non-healthy DBs, calculated as a sum of the intake frequency of specific food items. At the beginning, Pearson's r-coefficients and chi-squared tests were calculated to study various relationships between variables, while the main considerations were based on discriminant analyses conducted to determine the set of variables with the most power to distinguish between lean, normal, and excessive body fat groups of participants. Results showed weak relationships between PA domains and strong relationships between PA intensity, sitting time, and DBs. Vigorous and moderate PA intensity related positively to healthy behaviors (r = 0.14, r = 0.27, p < 0.05), while sitting time related negatively to unhealthy DBs (r = -0.16). Sankey diagrams illustrated that lean persons displayed healthy DBs and low sitting time, while those with excessive fat had non-healthy DBs spent more time sitting. The variables that effectively distinguished between the groups include active transport and leisure time domains alongside low-intensity PA, represented by walking intensity and healthy dietary behaviors. The first three variables participated significantly in the optimal discriminant subset (p = 0.002, p = 0.010, p = 0.01, respectively). The discriminant power of the optimal subset (contained four above-mentioned variables) was average (Wilk's Λ = 0.755) and determined that weak relationships between PA domains and DBs resulted from heterogeneous behaviors and mixed patterns of behaviors. Identifying the trajectory of the frequency flow through specific PA and DBs allowed for well-designed tailored intervention programs to improve healthy habits in adolescents. Therefore, identifying the set of variables that discriminate the most between lean, normal, and excessive fat groups is a suitable target for intervention. The practical achievements are canonical classification functions that can be used to classify (predict) participants in groups based on the three the most discriminating PA and DB variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Department of Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
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Domaradzki J. Congruence between Physical Activity Patterns and Dietary Patterns Inferred from Analysis of Sex Differences in Lifestyle Behaviors of Late Adolescents from Poland: Cophylogenetic Approach. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030608. [PMID: 36771315 PMCID: PMC9921920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global trends toward physical inactivity and the replacement of healthy dietary behaviors with unhealthy food consumption, particularly in late adolescence, were commonly observed. Thus, the aim of this work was twofold: (1) to examine congruence between PAPs and DPs by identifying sex differences in healthy and unhealthy behaviors and (2) to assess the explanation behind why certain participants were classified into clusters using BMI and fat mass covariates. Late adolescents (19-21 years of age, n = 107) were selected to study. PAPs and DPs were assessed with questionnaires (IPAQ, QEB) and body height, weight, and fat mass percentage were self-reported (the accuracy and reliability of self-reported data were empirically verified). A cophylogenetic approach with several clustering procedures (heatmaps and tanglegrams) was the way to solve the stated problems. Results showed that students achieved the minimal level of physical activity, lower than students from other regions in Poland, Czech Republic, or Germany. There was congruence between PAPs and DPs in some males' and females' behaviors. Significant similarities in sex patterns of behaviors were revealed (Mantel tests-PAPs: r = 0.70, p < 0.001; DPs: r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Similarities in PAPs were related to transportation cycling and school/work activities behaviors. Non-healthy triads in dietary behaviors were found: fast-food, sweetened beverages, and alcoholic drinks in the first, and sweets, fried meals, and yellow cheese in the second. One healthy diad was revealed: vegetables and fruits. Only females' dietary behaviors were reflected in body mass index (F = 3.19, p = 0.049), percentage of body fat (F = 3.87, p = 0.027), and fat mass index (F = 3.83, p = 0.028). The usefulness of the cophenetic approach in patterns study was verified. Sex similarities and specific disparities could help preparing targeted tailored intervention programs that improve healthy habits in late adolescents. This is especially important in relation to females, who more strongly reflected dietary behaviors in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Department of Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
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Aragón-Vela J, Alcalá-Bejarano Carrillo J, Moreno-Racero A, Plaza-Diaz J. The Role of Molecular and Hormonal Factors in Obesity and the Effects of Physical Activity in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15413. [PMID: 36499740 PMCID: PMC9737554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are defined as abnormal fat accumulations. Adipose tissue consists of more than merely adipocytes; each adipocyte is closely coupled with the extracellular matrix. Adipose tissue stores excess energy through expansion. Obesity is caused by the abnormal expansion of adipose tissue as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The process of obesity is controlled by several molecules, such as integrins, kindlins, or matrix metalloproteinases. In children with obesity, metabolomics studies have provided insight into the existence of unique metabolic profiles. As a result of low-grade inflammation in the system, abnormalities were observed in several metabolites associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid pathways. In addition, obesity and related hormones, such as leptin, play an instrumental role in regulating food intake and contributing to childhood obesity. The World Health Organization states that physical activity benefits the heart, the body, and the mind. Several noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, can be prevented and managed through physical activity. In this work, we reviewed pediatric studies that examined the molecular and hormonal control of obesity and the influence of physical activity on children with obesity or overweight. The purpose of this review was to examine some orchestrators involved in this disease and how they are related to pediatric populations. A larger number of randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and long-term studies could lead to the discovery of new key molecules as well as the detection of significant factors in the coming years. In order to improve the health of the pediatric population, omics analyses and machine learning techniques can be combined in order to improve treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Health Sciences, Area of Physiology, Building B3, Campus s/n “Las Lagunillas”, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcalá-Bejarano Carrillo
- Department of Health, University of the Valley of Mexico, Robles 600, Tecnologico I, San Luis Potosí 78220, Mexico
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Aurora Moreno-Racero
- Research and Advances in Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Li M, Shu W, Amaerjiang N, Xiao H, Zunong J, Vermund SH, Huang D, Hu Y. Interaction of Hydration Status and Physical Activity Level on Early Renal Damage in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:910291. [PMID: 35811990 PMCID: PMC9260418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.910291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOptimal water intake positively affects various aspects of human physiology, especially renal function. Physical activity (PA) may have an impact on hydration status and renal health, but the interaction of hydration status and PA level on renal function is not well-studied in children.MethodsWe conducted four waves of urine assays in our child cohort (PROC) study from October 2018 to November 2019 in Beijing, China. We measured urinary specific gravity, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and microalbumin (MA) excretion to assess hydration status and renal damage in the context of PA level and other covariates among 1,914 primary school children. We determined the associations of renal damage with the interaction of hydration status and PA level using generalized linear mixed-effects models.ResultsThe prevalence of dehydration was 35.0%, 62.1%, 63.9%, and 63.3%, and the prevalence of insufficient PA was 86.2%, 44.9%, 90.4%, and 90.2% from wave 1 to wave 4 among 1,914 primary school children. From wave 1 to wave 4, the prevalence of renal tubular damage had a significant increasing trend of 8.8%, 15.9%, 25.7%, and 29.0% (Z = 16.9, P < 0.001), while the prevalence of glomerular damage revealed a declining trend of 5.6%, 5.5%, 4.4%, and 4.1% (Z = −2.4, P = 0.016). There were stable longitudinal associations of renal tubular and glomerular damage with hydration status (euhydration: OR = 0.50 and 0.33, respectively) but not with PA level. In multivariate analysis, significant interactions of hydration status and PA level were noted with renal tubular damage (β = 0.43, P = 0.014) and glomerular damage (β = 0.60, P = 0.047). Children with euhydration and insufficient PA were less likely to have renal tubular damage (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53) or glomerular damage (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.39); children with euhydration and sufficient PA were also less likely to have renal tubular damage (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.75) or glomerular damage (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.74), adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, standardized SBP, sleep duration, computer/cell phone screen time, and fruit and vegetable intake.ConclusionChildren with euhydration and either sufficient or insufficient PA were less likely to have early renal damage. Adequate daily water intake for children is important, especially after PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nubiya Amaerjiang
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huidi Xiao
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawulan Zunong
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Office of the Dean, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dayong Huang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dayong Huang
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Yifei Hu ;
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Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Leis R, Rupérez AI, Anguita-Ruiz A, Vázquez-Cobela R, Flores-Rojas K, González-Gil EM, Aguilera CM, Moreno LA, Gil-Campos M, Bueno G. Prepubertal Children With Metabolically Healthy Obesity or Overweight Are More Active Than Their Metabolically Unhealthy Peers Irrespective of Weight Status: GENOBOX Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821548. [PMID: 35495947 PMCID: PMC9040553 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The association of a metabolically healthy status with the practice of physical activity (PA) remains unclear. Sedentarism and low PA have been linked to increased cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PA levels in metabolically healthy (MH) or unhealthy (MU) prepubertal children with or without overweight/obesity. Methods A total 275 children (144 boys) with 9 ± 2 years old were selected for the GENOBOX study. PA times and intensities were evaluated by accelerometry, and anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biochemical markers were analyzed. Children were considered to have normal weight or obesity, and further classified as MH or MU upon fulfillment of the considered metabolic criteria. Results Classification resulted in 119 MH children (21% with overweight/obesity, referred to as MHO) and 156 MU children (47% with overweight/obesity, referred to as MUO). Regarding metabolic profile, MHO showed lower blood pressure levels, both systolic and diastolic and biochemical markers levels, such as glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, triglycerides and higher HDL-c levels than MUO (P < 0.001). In addition, MHO children spent more time in PA of moderate intensity compared with MUO children. In relation to vigorous PA, MH normal weight (MHN) children showed higher levels than MUO children. Considering sex, boys spent more time engaged in moderate, vigorous, and moderate–vigorous (MV) PA than girls, and the number of boys in the MH group was also higher. Conclusion Prepubertal MHO children are less sedentary, more active, and have better metabolic profiles than their MUO peers. However, all children, especially girls, should increase their PA engagement, both in terms of time and intensity because PA appears to be beneficial for metabolic health status itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Azahara I Rupérez
- Grupo de Nutrición, Alimentación, Crecimiento y Desarrollo (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitariaibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katherine Flores-Rojas
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Nutrición, Alimentación, Crecimiento y Desarrollo (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitariaibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitariaibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Nutrición, Alimentación, Crecimiento y Desarrollo (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Center of Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Nutrición, Alimentación, Crecimiento y Desarrollo (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Physical Activity, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Abdominal Obesity of Pre-Adolescent Children in the Region of Thrace, NE Greece, in Relation to Socio-Demographic Characteristics. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030340. [PMID: 35327711 PMCID: PMC8947038 DOI: 10.3390/children9030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, and define predictive factors of their occurrence among pre-adolescents in the region of Thrace, NE Greece. A secondary aim was to record physical activity at different times (schooldays, weekends, holidays) and explore associations with characteristics such as gender, overweight and obesity, and socio-demographic conditions. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving children aged 11–12 years. Participating children were measured for height, weight, and waist circumference, and their parents answered a questionnaire. In total, 1929 children were included. Prevalence of overweight was 31.5%, prevalence of obesity 17%, and only 1% of children were underweight. Abdominal obesity was detected in 20.3% of the sample. Overweight and obesity were more frequent in males, who also had higher mean values of Body Mass Index-for-age z-scores (BMIaz) and Waist-to-Height ratio (WtHR). Obesity rates were higher among those not participating in physical activities; however, no significant difference was observed between normal-weight, overweight and obese children in the time spent for organized athletic activities or free play. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability for overweight/obesity was higher in boys (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.16–1.66) and lower in children whose fathers had a higher educational level (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60–0.93). The probability for abdominal obesity was also higher in boys (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.10–1.72) and lower in children participating at least one hour/day in an organized physical activity (compared to those with no physical activity (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51–0.85), and whose father was exercising at least 1–2 times/week (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.591–0.98). In conclusion, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among pre-adolescents in NE Greece was estimated at 48.5%. This is associated with the male gender and not participating in physical activities. The educational level and exercise habits of the father (but not of the mother) affect the probability of obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively.
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de Lamas C, Kalén A, Anguita-Ruiz A, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Picáns-Leis R, Flores K, Moreno LA, Bueno G, Gil Á, Gil-Campos M, Aguilera CM, Leis R. Progression of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiometabolic risk factors from prepuberty to puberty in children: The PUBMEP study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1082684. [PMID: 36601007 PMCID: PMC9806164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1082684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical and metabolic alterations related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Metabolic changes occurring during puberty, especially in children with overweight and obesity, can influence the risk of developing chronic diseases, especially CVD. METHODS Longitudinal study based on the follow-up until puberty of a cohort of 191 prepubertal Spanish boys and girls without congenital, chronic, or inflammatory diseases: undernutrition: or intake of any drug that could alter blood glucose, blood pressure, or lipid metabolism. The following parameters were used to determine the presence of MetS: obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-c. RESULTS A total of 75·5% of participants stayed in the same BMI category from prepuberty to puberty, whereas 6·3% increased by at least one category. The prevalence of MetS was 9·1% (prepubertal stage) and 11·9% (pubertal stage). The risk of presenting alterations in puberty for systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma triacylglycerols, HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and HOMA-IR was significantly higher in those participants who had the same alterations in prepuberty. MetS prevalence in puberty was predicted by sex and levels of HOMA-IR, BMI-z, and waist circumference in the prepubertal stage, in the whole sample: in puberty, the predictors were levels of HOMA-IR, BMI-z, and diastolic blood pressure in participants with obesity. Two fast-and-frugal decision trees were built to predict the risk of MetS in puberty based on prepuberty HOMA-IR (cutoff 2·5), SBP (cutoff 106 mm of Hg), and TAG (cutoff 53 mg/dl). DISCUSSION Controlling obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, especially HOMA-IR and blood pressure, in children during the prepubertal stage appears critical to preventing pubertal MetS effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela de Lamas
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago - University of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS–USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anton Kalén
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago - University of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS–USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago - University of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS–USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosaura Picáns-Leis
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago - University of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS–USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katherine Flores
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Institute of Sanitary Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Agri-food Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, University of Zaragoza, Institute of Sanitary Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Agri-food Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Clinical Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Concepción M. Aguilera,
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago - University of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS–USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- The Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Pires LV, González-Gil EM, Anguita-Ruiz A, Bueno G, Gil-Campos M, Vázquez-Cobela R, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Moreno LA, Gil Á, Leis R, Aguilera CM. The Vitamin D Decrease in Children with Obesity Is Associated with the Development of Insulin Resistance during Puberty: The PUBMEP Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124488. [PMID: 34960039 PMCID: PMC8709093 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cardiometabolic risk have been associated with vitamin D levels even in children. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance (IR), cardiometabolic risk factors, and vitamin D in children from prepubertal to pubertal stages. A total of 76 children from the PUBMEP study, aged 4–12 years at baseline, were included. Children were evaluated in prepubertal and pubertal stages. Anthropometric measurements and selected cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, such as plasma glucose, blood lipids, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and blood pressure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined. Children were categorized by obesity degree and IR status combined before and after puberty. Paired t-test and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. During puberty, the increase in triacylglycerols, insulin, and HOMA-IR and the decrease in QUICKI were significantly associated with the reduction in 25(OH)D (B = −0.274, p = 0.032; B = −0.219, p = 0.019; B = −0.250, p = 0.013; B = 1.574, p = 0.013, respectively) after adjustment by BMI-z, sex, and pubertal stage. Otherwise, prepubertal non-IR children with overweight/obesity that became IR during puberty showed a significant decrease in 25(OH)D and HDL-c, and an increase in waist circumference and triacylglycerol concentrations (p < 0.05 for all) over time. These results suggest that changes in IR seem to be associated with an effect on 25(OH)D levels during puberty, especially in children with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Viana Pires
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Saint Cristopher 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Esther M. González-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.B.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.B.); (L.A.M.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.B.); (L.A.M.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs., 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (C.M.A.)
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.V.P.); (E.M.G.-G.); (A.A.-R.); (Á.G.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (R.V.-C.)
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Clinical Hospital, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (C.M.A.)
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Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Jurado-Castro JM, Leis R, Vázquez-Cobela R, González-Gil EM, Aguilera CM, Bueno G, Moreno LA, Gil A, Gil-Campos M. Evaluation of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Levels Using Different Accelerometry Protocols in Children from the GENOBOX Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:86. [PMID: 34817699 PMCID: PMC8613328 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Physical activity (PA) has acquired a significant relevance due to the health benefits associated with its practice. Accelerometers are an effective tool to assess PA; however, the diversity of cut-off points used to define different PA intensities through accelerometry could interfere in the interpretation of the findings among studies.
Objectives
The present study aimed to examine the sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) levels in children using six selected accelerometry protocols based on diverse cut-off points.
Methods
Clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, and PA evaluation by accelerometry were assessed in 543 selected children (10 ± 2.4 years old) from the Spanish GENOBOX study. The ActiLife data scoring program was used to determine daily min spent in SB, and light, moderate, vigorous and moderate-vigorous PA using six validated accelerometry protocols differing in their cut-off points.
Results
Very different estimations for SB and PA intensity levels were found in children, independently of the non-wear-time algorithm selected, and considering puberty stages, age and body mass index. The time spent in daily SB varied from 471 to 663.7 min, PA ranged from 141 to 301.6 min, and the moderate-vigorous PA was reported between 20.7 and 180.2 min.
Conclusion
The choice of a particular accelerometry protocol considering these factors is important to evaluate SB or PA intensities to suit the characteristics of the sample researched. It seems necessary to establish future lines of research that include different analytical approaches to measure SB and PA by accelerometry based on standardized and validated methodology.
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Obesogenic Clusters Associated with Weight Status in Brazilian Adolescents of the Movimente School-Base Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910350. [PMID: 34639650 PMCID: PMC8507682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: the relationship between behavior clusters and weight status, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between profiles of physical activity (PA), diet and sedentary behavior (SB) with weight status in adolescents from a southern Brazilian city, according to sex. Methods: data from the Movimente Intervention study were analyzed (n = 812 / mean age 13.0 years (sd 1.04). Data on SB hours per day, PA minutes per week and weekly consumption frequencies of fruits, vegetables, salty snacks, candies and soda were self-reported on the validated Movimente questionnaire. Classes of healthy and unhealthy behaviors were derived by latent class analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between adolescents’ weight status and classes. Results: two classes were identified for the whole sample and for boys and girls. All classes had high probabilities of engaging high time in SB. Male adolescents in the unhealthy class had low probabilities of being active and high probability of consuming a low-quality diet. In contrast, girls’ healthiest profile presented lower probabilities of being active compared to boys’ healthiest profiles. No association was found between weight status and classes. Conclusion: All classes had at least one unhealthy behavior, for both the whole sample, and for girls and boys. Girls’ profiles were unhealthier compared to boys’ profiles. Hence, it is recommended that intervention strategies to change behaviors need to be distinct according to sex, targeting more than one obesogenic behavior at the same time.
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Godoy-Izquierdo D, Lara R, Ogallar A, Rodríguez-Tadeo A, Ramírez MJ, Navarrón E, Arbinaga F. Psychosocial and Diet-Related Lifestyle Clusters in Overweight and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6461. [PMID: 34203684 PMCID: PMC8296278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explored intraindividual multidimensional profiles integrating psychosocial factors, namely, body image and satisfaction, weight-related self-stigma, positivity, and happiness, and behavioural-lifestyle factors, namely, adherence to a healthy diet, among Spanish adults with overweight or obesity. We further aimed to investigate the association of excess weight (i.e., measured body mass index, BMI) with the abovementioned multidimensional configurations. A convenience sample of 100 adult individuals (60% females) with excessive weight (69% overweight; 31% obesity) was recruited. They completed self-reports regarding the study variables, and their weight and height were measured. With a perspective centered on the individual, a cluster analysis was performed. Three distinct intraindividual psychosocial and diet-related profiles were identified: a group of healthy individuals with excess weight (46%); a group of individuals who were negatively affected by their excessive weight and showed the most distressed profile (18%); and a group of dysfunctional individuals who seemed to be excessively unrealistic and optimistic regarding their excessive weight and unhealthy lifestyles, but were troubled by their weight (36%). Furthermore, individuals in the affected cluster had higher obesity (mean BMI ± SD = 32.1 ± 3.7) than those in the clusters of healthy (28.0 ± 3.0) and dysfunctional individuals (28.1 ± 3.3) (p < 0.05). The results showed that there are specific psychosocial and lifestyle profiles in the adult population with excess weight and that there are relationships among psychological, behavioural, and body-composition factors. For clinical application purposes, it is important to account for the heterogeneity within individuals who are obese and to individualize the interventions, with a focus from weight change to the individual's overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Godoy-Izquierdo
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud y Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.L.); (M.J.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Raquel Lara
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud y Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.L.); (M.J.R.); (E.N.)
- Departamento de Psicología Social, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Adelaida Ogallar
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud y Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.L.); (M.J.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, Universidad Autónoma Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - María J. Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud y Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.L.); (M.J.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Estefanía Navarrón
- Grupo de Investigación Psicología de la Salud y Medicina Conductual (CTS-267), Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.L.); (M.J.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Félix Arbinaga
- Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Experimental, Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, Campus Universitario El Carmen, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
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Zhao W, Su D, Mo L, Chen C, Ye B, Qin S, Liu J, Pang Y. Lifestyle Clusters and Cardiometabolic Risks in Adolescents: A Chinese School-Based Study Using a Latent Class Analysis Approach. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:728841. [PMID: 34976884 PMCID: PMC8716941 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.728841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors are associated with a higher prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases and higher mortality in adults. However, there remains some uncertainty about the magnitude of the associations between lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular factors in adolescents. Methods: We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study of 895 Chinese adolescents aged 15-19 years. They participated in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood sample collection. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify heterogeneous subgroups of lifestyle behaviors. A set of 12 latent class indicators, which reflected lifestyle behaviors including dietary habits, physical activity, sleep duration, screen time, and pressure perception, were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether the derived classes were related to a cardiometabolic risk. Results: In total, 13.7 and 5.6% of the participants were overweight and obese, respectively, and 8.4 and 14.1% reported having pre-hypertension and hypertension, respectively. A two-class model provided the best fit with a healthy lifestyle pattern (65.8%) and a sub-healthy lifestyle pattern (34.2%). There were more female participants with a healthy lifestyle (56.2 vs. 43.8%), whereas there were more males with a sub-healthy lifestyle (45.4 vs. 54.6%), (all P = 0.002). Increased risk of cardiometabolic abnormality (BMI categories, blood pressure and lipids) was not significant across lifestyle patterns, except for waist circumference (70.5 vs 69.1 cm, P = 0.044). There was no significant difference in physical activity and intake of fruit and vegetable between the two patterns. Conclusion: Primary prevention based on lifestyle modification should target patterns of behaviors at high risk in adolescents. Due to the complex effect of lifestyle clusters on cardiometabolic risks, well-designed and prospective studies in adolescents are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danyan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Luxia Mo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingbing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Markers in Children and Adolescents: Genobox Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113424. [PMID: 33171599 PMCID: PMC7695147 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a key factor for obesity development; however, limited data are available on dietary cluster analysis in children with obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and obesity and several cardiometabolic markers. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial damage were determined in 674 Caucasian children, aged 5-16, with normal or excess weight. Using a food frequency questionnaire and cluster analysis, two consistent dietary patterns were shown, labeled as health conscious (HC) and sweet and processed (SP). The HC pattern included a greater proportion of participants with overweight/obesity than the SP cluster (80.1% vs. 63.8%). However, children with obesity within the HC cluster, showed less abdominal fat, through waist to hip (0.93 vs. 0.94) and waist to height (0.61 vs. 0.63) indexes (p < 0.01). Univariate general models showed several additional differences in cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the global and stratified analyses, with a healthier profile being observed mainly in the HC cluster. However, multivariate models questioned these findings and pointed out the need for further studies in this field. Anyhow, our findings support the benefits of a healthy diet and highlight the importance of dietary patterns in the cardiometabolic risk assessment of children with overweight/obesity, beyond weight control.
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Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Aguilar-Gómez FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Rupérez AI, Vázquez-Cobela R, Flores-Rojas K, Aguilera CM, Gonzalez-Gil EM, Gil-Campos M, Bueno-Lozano G, Leis R. Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197227. [PMID: 33023228 PMCID: PMC7579043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal changes of physical activity (PA) from childhood into adolescence have not been accurately described yet for the Spanish population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of PA, assessed by accelerometry and anthropometric measures in a cohort of 213 children from the prepubertal to pubertal period, focusing on those with valid data from both time points (n = 75). Sedentary time (ST) increased about 50%, while all PA intensities declined from the pre-pubertal to pubertal period. Light PA (LPA) was the major contributor, decreasing by about 30%. Boys were more active than girls in both periods, but they showed a higher decline in PA, especially moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The proportion who reached the recommendation of 60 min of MVPA decreased by 33.3% in boys and 4.6% in girls. Children with obesity or overweight had lower MVPA than those with normal-weight in the pre-pubertal period, but no differences were found in the pubertal period. This study shows a decrease of PA and an increase of sedentarism in the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in boys. Regardless of body weight, adolescents tend to be less active. Therefore, prevention programs should be implemented to achieve optimal PA and reduce sedentarism during infancy considering the differences found by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
| | - Francisco Javier Aguilar-Gómez
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.J.A.-G.); (K.F.-R.)
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Azahara Iris Rupérez
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
- GENUD Researchgroup, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), 50009 Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Katherine Flores-Rojas
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.J.A.-G.); (K.F.-R.)
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- GENUD Researchgroup, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), 50009 Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Institute Maimónides of Biomedicine Investigation of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (F.J.A.-G.); (K.F.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
- GENUD Researchgroup, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), 50009 Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital of Zaragoza, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (A.I.R.); (C.M.A.); (E.M.G.-G.); (G.B.-L.); (R.L.)
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Plaza-Díaz J, Molina-Montes E, Soto-Méndez MJ, Madrigal C, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Valero T, Lara Villoslada F, Leis R, Martínez de Victoria E, Moreno JM, Ortega RM, Ruiz-López MD, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092536. [PMID: 32825604 PMCID: PMC7551863 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - María José Soto-Méndez
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Casandra Madrigal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
| | | | - Rosaura Leis
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Navarra Clinic, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.M.-M.); (E.M.d.V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.H.-R.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-695466922
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Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Children: Influence of Puberty and Metabolically Unhealthy Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070618. [PMID: 32679739 PMCID: PMC7402162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress could help explain the relationship between childhood obesity and a metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Moreover, puberty could also influence this relationship, since it entails physiological cardiometabolic changes. We aimed to evaluate plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers in MU and metabolically healthy (MH) prepubertal and pubertal children and their associations with pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, taking puberty into account. A total of 1444 Spanish children aged 3-17 years (48.9% males, 66% prepubertal, 47.1% with obesity) were recruited. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and children were categorized as having a MU or MH status according to risk factors. Retinol, carotenes, tocopherols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein and selected pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers were analyzed. General linear models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center and body mass index, partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. Lower carotenes and tocopherols levels were found in MU than in MH children. Plasma TAC was lower in prepubertal and higher in pubertal children with obesity compared to normal-weight children. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers showed novel associations with several pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, with pubertal differences, supporting the importance of considering both the antioxidant and oxidative stress status and puberty in the prevention of metabolic diseases in childhood.
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