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Iatcu OC, Lobiuc A, Covasa M. Micronutrient Patterns and Low Intake of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Folate, Magnesium, and Potassium Among Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e60906. [PMID: 38800767 PMCID: PMC11117023 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing micronutrient intake is important in identifying deficiencies that may contribute to insulin resistance, poor glycemic control, and increased risk of diabetes-related complications. The study's objectives were to evaluate micronutrient intake in prediabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients compared to recommended dietary intakes (RDI) and to determine the associations between the micronutrient patterns and both anthropometric measurements and biomarkers of diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 349 patients with T2DM and 252 patients with PD. Micronutrient intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Micronutrient patterns were extracted from factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Participants in the highest tertile were considered to have the highest adherence to the corresponding micronutrient pattern. Results T2DM patients had a significantly lower intake of vitamin E (9.4 ± 0.2 vs. 10.1 ± 0.3 mg; p = 0.048), vitamin D (44.3 ± 1.1 vs. 48.9 ± 1.7 IU; p = 0.020), and thiamin (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.4 ± 0.1 mg; p = 0.013) compared to PD patients. All patients had a significantly lower intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folate, magnesium, and potassium and a significantly higher intake of vitamin B12 and copper compared to RDI. Three distinct micronutrient patterns were identified within each group. In the PD group, the Fe-Mn-Se pattern correlated significantly with waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The Vit.C-K-Folate pattern showed significant associations with body fat (BF). The Vit.B2-P-Vit.B12 pattern was significantly linked to WC, body mass index (BMI), BF, FPG, and serum insulin (SI). For the T2DM patients, the K-Folate-Mg pattern displayed an inverse and significant association with weight and WC. The Iron-Se-Vit.B3 pattern showed a significant association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. The Vit.B2-P-Ca pattern was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Conclusion This study demonstrated that T2DM patients had significantly lower vitamin E, vitamin D, and thiamin intake than PD patients. Both T2DM and PD patients had a significantly lower intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folate, magnesium, and potassium compared to the RDI. Among the identified micronutrient patterns, only the K-Folate-Mg pattern exhibited a significant association with reduced body weight and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Iatcu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", Iasi, ROU
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Suceava, ROU
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Suceava, ROU
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Suceava, ROU
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Hizli-Guldemir H, Saleki N, Sezer FE, Yoldas-Ilktac H, Akman C, Ersoy G, Garipagaoglu M. Vegetable and Fruit Consumption and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index in Adults: A Cross-Sectional and Seasonal Research from Türkiye. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1168-1179. [PMID: 37199339 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2214504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and the BMI in Türkiye. In this cross-sectional study, which 6332 adults were included, fruit and vegetable consumption, and preferences were collected. The quantities of vegetables and fruits were classified based on the WHO and the national recommendations. Of the adults (33.39 ± 12.59 years), 52.9% of men and 39.7% of women had an above-normal BMI. Based on WHO recommendations, overweight and obese people consumed less vegetables and fruits compared to their counterparts (ORs for women, overweight: 1.2, obese: 1.3; ORs for men, overweight: 1.3, obese: 1.5; 95% CI). The regression analysis revealed that the quantities of vegetable and fruit intake were higher in young individuals, men, and married people. Although the majority consume more than 400 g/day of vegetables and fruits, the intake is inadequate in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Hizli-Guldemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Neda Saleki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Elif Sezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havvanur Yoldas-Ilktac
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cansu Akman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulgun Ersoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muazzez Garipagaoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fenerbahce University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gregory S, Ntailianis G, Shannon O, Stevenson E, Ritchie C, Wells K, Muniz-Terrera G. The Mediterranean diet is associated with better cardiometabolic health for women in mid-life but not men: A PREVENT dementia cohort cross-sectional analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2251-2260. [PMID: 37580237 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been associated with better cardiovascular health in a number of studies. This study aimed to explore cross-sectional associations between MedDiet adherence in the PREVENT Dementia (PREVENT) programme, stratified by sex. METHODS AND RESULTS Three MedDiet scores were calculated (MEDAS, MEDAS continuous and Pyramid) alongside a Western diet score. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects models to test for associations between the MEDAS score and cardiovascular health. Propensity scores were calculated to strengthen causality inferences from the data, and used as covariates along with total energy intake and Western diet scores. Exploratory analysis repeated the linear regression models for each individual food component. This study included 533 participants, with a mean age 51.25 (±5.40) years, and a majority of women (60.0%). Women had higher MedDiet scores across all three scoring methods, had a lower Western diet score and consumed fewer total calories. Higher MedDiet scores were associated with lower blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and lower cardiovascular risk scores. When stratified by sex, women had significant positive associations between MedDiet scores and lower blood pressure, BMI and glycemia, whereas men only had a significant association with lower BMI. CONCLUSION There were significant associations between higher MedDiet scores and a number of cardiovascular health outcome measures. These associations were seen more consistently for women compared to men, which may have implications for the development of personalised nutritional recommendations to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Georgios Ntailianis
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie Wells
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Ohio, USA
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Li SY, Leung JCS, Lu ZH, Kwok TCY. Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4096. [PMID: 37836380 PMCID: PMC10574446 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between fruit and vegetable intake, considering both quantity and variety, and weight change among older adults remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. METHODS A total of 2944 participants aged ≥65 years from Hong Kong communities were included. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated by a locally validated food frequency questionnaire. Adiposity measures (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat and lean mass) were assessed at baseline and the year four follow-up. Restricted cubic spline and logistic models were performed to estimate the associations between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures. RESULTS A nonlinear association between vegetable intake and weight change was found, following a J-shape curve. Increased vegetable intake was associated with less increases in weight, BMI, and fat mass among those below median intakes. However, these associations became insignificant at higher intakes (all P-nonlinearity < 0.05). The ORs (95% CIs) for weight gain across the quartiles of vegetable intake were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (0.56, 1.17), 0.55 (0.36, 0.83), and 0.88 (0.58, 1.33). Similar patterns were observed in overweight and normal weight participants, but not in those with low body weight. No associations with weight change were found for fruit intake or fruit and vegetable variety. CONCLUSIONS Moderate vegetable intake was associated with less weight gain among community-dwelling Chinese older adults, but not in those with low body weight. No association was observed between fruit intake or variety with weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. S. Leung
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Lu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy C. Y. Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Küçük N, Urak F, Bilgic A, Florkowski WJ, Kiani AK, Özdemir FN. Fruit and vegetable consumption across population segments: evidence from a national household survey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:54. [PMID: 37291641 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2002 World Health Report documented that low fruit and vegetable intake are among the top ten risk factors contributing to attributable mortality and up to three million lives could be saved each year by adequate consumption of F&V across the globe, leading an examination of behavioral preferences of the individual and family social, environmental, and behavioral factors that constitute perceived barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption. OBJECTIVE The study examines factors affecting the choice of eating fruits and vegetables by household members and calculates eating frequency probabilities of different population-origin associated with personal attributes and behavior. METHOD Turkish Health Survey (THS) 2019 data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) national representative household panel is applied. Estimating a random-effect bivariate probit model of fruit and vegetable choice, we calculated marginal probabilities of choosing fruits and vegetables, the joint probability of choosing both, and conditional probabilities between choosing to eat either, detecting consumption synergy. RESULTS The role of uncontrolled variables in choosing to eat fruits and vegetable (F&V) differs between the decision of an average family and the decision of individual family members. The attitude is positive for an average family and contrasts with the negative attitude among some family members. Most individual and family attributes inversely affect fruit and vegetable choice across different groups, while a positive relationship exists between the likelihood of fruit and vegetable choice and attributes such as age, marital status, education, weight, having health insurance, income, and time and forms of physical activity. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Instead of a general policy for the implementation of a healthy and balanced nutrition program to improve fruit and vegetable eating frequency, it appears more effective to adopt programs with distinct characteristics that segregate society into different cohorts. We suggest appropriate policies and offer suitable approaches to reach targeted groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Küçük
- Department of Economics, College of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Harran University, Osmanbey Campus, 2nd Floor, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Faruk Urak
- TRT Erzurum Regional Directorate, The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), Adnan Menderes Mahallesi, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Cd., Room # 5, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Abdulbaki Bilgic
- Department of Management Information Systems, College of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, A Block 3rd Floor, Room #323, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Wojciech J Florkowski
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, The University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Adiqa K Kiani
- Future Technology Research Centre, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Ferda Nur Özdemir
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Dean's Building, 2nd Floor, Room #17, Erzurum, Turkey
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Nouri M, Shateri Z, Faghih S. The relationship between intake of fruits, vegetables and dairy products with overweight and obesity in a large sample in Iran: Findings of STEPS 2016. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1082976. [PMID: 36733471 PMCID: PMC9886861 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the association between fruits and vegetables (FVs) and dairy product intake with body weight based on the data from the nationwide Stepwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey in Iran. Methods STEPS is a national-based cross-sectional study conducted on 3,0541 people selected by stratified cluster random sampling in Iran from April to November 2016. The outcome of the current study was body mass index (BMI) which was classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese. Also, as exposure variables, dietary intakes of fruits, vegetables and dairy products were extracted from the STEPS questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dairy products, FVs consumption, and BMI category in the crude and adjusted models. Results In the adjusted model, we observed 41% [odd ratio (OR) = 0.59; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.50, 0.68, P < 0.001], 27% (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.84, P < 0.001), and 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87, P < 0.001) lower odds of being overweight, and 46% (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.64, P < 0.001), 29% (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.84, P < 0.001), and 21% (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95, P = 0.014) decrease in obesity odds among the participants who consumed 1, 2, and more than 2 servings of fruits per day in comparison to less than one serving, respectively. Also, we observed participants who consumed 1, 2, and more than 2 servings in comparison to less than one serving of dairy products per day had 31% (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.81, P < 0.001), 23% (OR = 0.77; 95 %CI: 0.65, 0.91, P = 0.002), and 21% (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.94, P = 0.011) lower odds of being overweight and 47% (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.64, P < 0.001), 36% (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.77, P < 0.001), and 32% (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.83, P < 0.001) lower odds of obesity, respectively. In addition, compared to participants who consumed less than 2 servings of vegetables per day, participants who consumed 2, 3, and more than 3 servings had 40% (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.76, P < 0.001), 29% (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.90, P = 0.006), and 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.96, P = 0.027) lower odds of being overweight, respectively. Furthermore, we observed 36% lower odds of obesity among participants who ate 2 servings of vegetables per day compared to less than 2 serving (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.84, P = 0.002). Conclusion Our findings showed that intake of FVs and dairy products is associated with a healthier weight status in adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,*Correspondence: Shiva Faghih,
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Valenčič E, Beckett E, Collins CE, Koroušić Seljak B, Bucher T. SnackTrack-An App-Based Tool to Assess the Influence of Digital and Physical Environments on Snack Choice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020349. [PMID: 36678219 PMCID: PMC9862135 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As food choices are usually processed subconsciously, both situational and food environment cues influence choice. This study developed and tested a mobile app to investigate the association between physical and digital environments on snack choices. SnackTrack was designed and used to collect data on the snack choices of 188 users in real-life settings during an 8-week feasibility trial. The app asks users to take a photo of the food they are planning to consume and to provide additional information regarding the physical environment and context in which this food was eaten. The app also displayed various user interface designs (i.e., different background images) to investigate the potential effects of images on snack choice. Preliminary results suggest that the time of snack obtainment did not have a significant effect on the healthfulness of the snacks chosen. Conversely, it was found that unhealthy background images appeared to encourage healthier snack choices. In conclusion, despite consumers having the knowledge to make healthy choices, environmental cues can alter food choices. SnackTrack, a novel tool to investigate the influence of physical and digital environments on consumers' food choices, provides possibilities for exploring what encourages (un)healthy eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Valenčič
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Emma Beckett
- Food and Nutrition Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Barbara Koroušić Seljak
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Bucher
- Food and Nutrition Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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Makura-Kankwende CBT, Gradidge PJ, Crowther NJ, Ratshikombo T, Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK, Norris SA, Chikowore T. Association of Longitudinal Nutrient Patterns with Body Composition in Black Middle-Aged South African Women: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12792. [PMID: 36232088 PMCID: PMC9565998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association of longitudinal nutrient patterns with body composition in a cohort of 132 black South African middle-aged women over five years. Nutrient patterns were identified using principal component analysis at baseline and follow-up 5 years later. Associations between nutrient patterns and repeated body composition measures were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, before and after adjusting for baseline education and repeated measures of age, socio-economic status, physical activity and employment. The animal-driven nutrient pattern was associated with increases in repeated measures of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (β coefficient, 5.79 [95% CI, 0.01-11.57] cm2), fat mass index (FMI) (0.47 [0.01-0.93] kg·m-2) and lean mass index (LMI) (0.50 [0.18-1.17] kg·m-2) (p < 0.05) after adjustment. Vitamin C, sugar, and potassium-driven nutrient pattern was associated with higher FMI (0.50 [0.12-0.88] kg·m-2) and LMI (0.58 [0.07-1.10] kg·m-2) before and after adjustment (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary interventions to curb obesity in black middle-aged South African women should focus on attenuation of nutrient patterns centred on added sugar, animal fat and animal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Philippe J. Gradidge
- Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
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Slapø H, Bugge AB, Sandaker I, Lekhal S. Can in-store interventions reduce the socioeconomic gap in fruit and vegetable purchases in grocery stores? A descriptive study of volume sales from 2012 to 2020 in Norway's largest grocery store chain. Appetite 2022; 176:106100. [PMID: 35660077 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetable (FVs) consumption is an essential determinant of health, and intake is strongly patterned by socioeconomic status (SES). Inside grocery store interventions have increasingly been explored to promote healthier diets, especially for people with lower SES. This study describes how the supermarket chain Kiwi used a combination of in-store interventions to increase annual sales of FVs between 2012 and 2020. In particular, this study examined how sales developed in counties with different demographic characteristics (e.g., education, income, overweight and obesity, and self-reported FVs consumption level) in order to evaluate whether the effect differs between different populations. The primary outcome measurement was annual volume sales, adjusted for new stores opening and closing during the study period, also called like-for-like sales. The study has used a descriptive study design. The chain used interventions such as better placement, promoting healthy foods, giving out discounts, and placing "on the go" FVs and cups with portioned FVs at the cash registry. Results show that like-for-like volume sales of FVs grew by 34.1% during the study period. The increase was especially strong for vegetables, which increased by 41.8%, compared to fruits and berries, which increased by 25%. Sales increased for all eleven counties in Norway. Using the Spearman correlation, a moderately positive association was found between the number of overweight or obese people in counties and the development in FVs sales. To conclude, in-store interventions positively impacted FVs sales. More research in an experimental context is needed to determine if interventions may reduce the socioeconomic gap in FVs consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Slapø
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. BOX 4 St., Olavs Plass, N-0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Annechen Bahr Bugge
- Consumption Research Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. BOX 4 St., Olavs Plass, N-0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingunn Sandaker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. BOX 4 St., Olavs Plass, N-0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Samira Lekhal
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Halfdan Wilhelmsens allé 17, 3116, Tønsberg, Norway.
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Associations between soft drink consumption and lifestyle patterns with overweight and obesity in European adults: Feel4Diabetes-Study. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Fruit Juice and Fruit Fermented Beverages and Their Consumer Acceptance. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent social, economic, and technological evolutions have impacted consumption habits. The new consumer is more rational, more connected and demanding with products, more concerned with the management of the family budget, with the health, origin, and sustainability of food. The food industry over the last few years has shown remarkable technological and scientific evolution, with an impact on the development and innovation of new products using non-thermal processing. Non-thermal processing technologies involve methods by which fruit juices receive microbiological inactivation and enzymatic denaturation with or without the direct application of low heat, thereby lessening the adverse effects on the nutritional, bioactive, and flavor compounds of the treated fruit juices, extending their shelf-life. The recognition of the nutritional and protective values of fruit juices and fermented fruit beverages is evident and is attributed to the presence of different bioactive compounds, protecting against chronic and metabolic diseases. Fermentation maintains the fruit's safety, nutrition, and shelf life and the development of new products. This review aims to summarize the chemical and sensory characteristics of fruit juices and fermented fruit drinks, the fermentation process, its benefits, and its effects.
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Ridoutt B, Baird D, Hendrie GA. Diets with Higher Vegetable Intake and Lower Environmental Impact: Evidence from a Large Australian Population Health Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:1517. [PMID: 35406130 PMCID: PMC9002518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the consumption of vegetables is a public health nutrition priority in Australia. This must be achieved in the context of lowering dietary environmental impacts. In this study, a subgroup of 1700 Australian adult daily diets having a higher diet-quality score and a lower environmental impact score was isolated from Australian Health Survey data. These diets were primarily distinguished by their lower content of energy-dense/nutrient-poor discretionary foods. Among these diets, those with higher levels of vegetable intake were characterized by greater variety of vegetables eaten, lower intake of bread and cereal foods, and higher intake of red meat. These diets also had a greater likelihood of achieving recommended intakes for a range of vitamins and minerals. These findings highlighted the importance of considering the total diet in developing strategies to promote healthy and sustainable food consumption, as well as the need to understand the interrelationships between foods that exist in a local cultural context. As vegetables are usually eaten with other foods, higher vegetable consumption in Australia could be supported by encouraging more regular consumption of the types of meals that include larger quantities of vegetables. Our results showed that this was possible while also substantially lowering total dietary environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Ridoutt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Danielle Baird
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.B.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Gilly A. Hendrie
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (D.B.); (G.A.H.)
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Lemamsha H, Randhawa G, Papadopoulos C. Investigating the Association between Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity among Libyan Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1076. [PMID: 35162100 PMCID: PMC8834426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an increasing number of studies have reported on nutrition transition and unhealthy eating habits (UEHs) worldwide, there is a paucity of studies on UEHs in the Arab region, particularly in Libya. Aim: This study investigated the associations between obesity among Libyan adults and UEHs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the five major districts in Benghazi, Libya. A multistage cluster sampling strategy was implemented to choose and recruit Libyan adults. Anthropometric measurements were gathered by highly qualified nurses, using the Segmental Body Composition Monitor and a portable Stadiometer. The study used and adapted the two Self-administered questionnaires: the WHO STEPS Instrument and eating behaviors linked with obesity questionnaire. Results: Among a total of 401 participants who were successfully recruited in this study, 253 (63%) were female (aged 20-65 years), the response rate achieved was 78%. The prevalence of obesity amongst Libyan adults was estimated to be 42.4%. The results revealed the presence of a significant association between obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and five UEHs for Libyan men and six UEHs for Libyan women. For Libyan men, an association was found between obesity and the following five explanatory factors: fast food intake in a day and a week, which were (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 4.04-12.32) and (OR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.04-9.46), respectively; large food portion sizes consumed at one sitting (OR: 19.54, 95% CI: 1.41-27.74); a high frequency of skipping breakfast either in a typical day or a week, which were (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.77) and (OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.24), respectively. For Libyan women, a significant association was found between obesity and the following six explanatory factors: fast food intake in a day and a week, which were (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 3.32-11.12) and (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.88-16.11), respectively; intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in a typical week (OR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.35-11.99); and large food portion sizes consumed at one sitting at one sitting (OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.18-9.84); and a high frequency of skipping breakfast either in a typical day or a week, which were (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.43) and (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.08-0.63), respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the study reveal areas of action for Libyan researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and government officials about UEHs in the Libyan context. This could inform establishing and developing new interventions for preventing and controlling the obesity epidemic through food system improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Lemamsha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Bayda Campus, Labraq Road, Al-Bayda B1L12, Libya;
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, UK;
| | - Chris Papadopoulos
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Hitchin Road, Luton LU2 8LE, UK;
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Fujihara K, Nogawa S, Saito K, Horikawa C, Takeda Y, Cho K, Ishiguro H, Kodama S, Nakagawa Y, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Sone H. Carrot Consumption Frequency Associated with Reduced BMI and Obesity through the SNP Intermediary rs4445711. Nutrients 2021; 13:3478. [PMID: 34684477 PMCID: PMC8538500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether genetic interactions are involved in the association between vegetable intake and reduced body mass index (BMI) or obesity. We conducted a comprehensive search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are associated with the interaction between vegetable intake frequency and BMI or obesity. We performed a genome-wide association analysis to evaluate the genetic interactions between self-reported intake of vegetables such as carrot, broccoli, spinach, other green vegetables (green pepper and green beans), pumpkin, and cabbage with BMI and obesity, which is defined as a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 in the Japanese population (n = 12,225). The mean BMI and prevalence of obesity was 23.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2 and 32.3% in men and 22.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2 and 17.3% in in women, respectively. A significant interaction was observed between rs4445711 and frequency of carrot intake on BMI (p = 4.5 × 10-8). This interaction was slightly attenuated after adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity and the frequency of total vegetable intake (p = 2.1 × 10-7). A significant interaction was also observed between rs4445711 and frequency of carrot intake on obesity (p = 2.5 × 10-8). No significant interactions that were the same as the interaction between frequency of carrot intake and rs4445711 were observed between the intake frequency of broccoli, spinach, other green vegetables, pumpkin or cabbage and BMI or obesity. The frequency of carrot consumption is implicated in reducing BMI by the intermediary of rs4445711. This novel genetic association may provide new clues to clarify the association between vegetable intake and BMI or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.T.); (K.C.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Shun Nogawa
- Genequest Inc., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenji Saito
- Genequest Inc., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Chika Horikawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata 950-8680, Japan;
| | - Yasunaga Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.T.); (K.C.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Kaori Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.T.); (K.C.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hajime Ishiguro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.T.); (K.C.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.T.); (K.C.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Research and Development, University of Toyama Institute of Natural Medicine, Tomaya 930-8555, Japan;
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba School of Medicine, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba School of Medicine, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.T.); (K.C.); (H.I.); (S.K.)
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15
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Sithey G, Wen LM, Dzed L, Li M. Noncommunicable diseases risk factors in Bhutan: A secondary analysis of data from Bhutan's nationwide STEPS survey 2014. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257385. [PMID: 34555064 PMCID: PMC8459987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bhutan is facing an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; they are responsible for 53% of all deaths. Four main modifiable risk factors, including tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, are the causes of most noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess 1) the prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors in Bhutan’s adult population and 2) associations between the sociodemographic factors and the NCDs modifiable risk factors with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Methods We used the 2014 Bhutan WHO Stepwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) Survey dataset in this study. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions, constructed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes as outcome variables and modifiable risk factors as independent variables. Results The prevalence of tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet (low fruits and vegetables intake) and physically inactive was 24.8% (95% CI: 21.5, 28.5), 42.4% (95% CI: 39.4, 45.5), 66.9% (95% CI: 61.5, 71.8), and 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9, 7.8), respectively. The prevalence of overweight or obesity, hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% (95%CI: 30.0, 36.0), 35.7% (95% CI: 32.8, 38.7) and 6.4% (95% CI: 5.1, 7.9), respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that older age groups were more likely to be overweight or obese, hypertensive, and diabetic. Our analysis also found that tobacco users were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52, 0.96), and to be hypertensive (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97); but they were more likely to be diabetic (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.05, 2.56). Alcohol users were more likely to be hypertensive aOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.15, 1.74). Furthermore, vigorous physical activity could protect people from being overweight or obese, aOR 0.47 (95% CI 0.31, 0.70), and those consuming more than five serves of fruits and vegetables per day were more likely to be overweight or obese, aOR 1.46 (95% CI 1.17, 1.82). Conclusion The prevalence of NCDs modifiable risk factors and overweight or obesity and hypertension was high in Bhutan. We found strong associations between tobacco use and diabetes, alcohol use, hypertension, physically inactive, and overweight or obesity. The results suggest that the government should prioritize NCDs prevention and control programs, focusing on reducing modifiable risk factors. The health sector alone cannot address the NCDs epidemic in Bhutan, and we recommend the whole of government approach to tackle NCDs through the Bhutan Gross National Happiness framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyambo Sithey
- Centre for Research Initiatives, Changangkha, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laigden Dzed
- Nutrition Program, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Mu Li
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kagaruki GB, Mahande MJ, Kimaro GD, Ngadaya ES, Mayige T M, Selemani M, Jaacks LM, Jaffar S, Mfinanaga SG, Bonfoh B. Prevalence and Correlates of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Regular Street Food Consumers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1011-1024. [PMID: 33707960 PMCID: PMC7943326 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s287999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular street food consumers (RSFCs) in Africa are at an increased risk of unhealthy eating practices, which have been associated with intermediate risk factors of cardio-metabolic diseases. However, knowledge of the magnitude and correlates of these risk factors is limited in Tanzania. This study aimed to fill this gap using data collected from RSFCs in Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was carried out among 560 RSFCs in three districts of Dar es Salaam between July and September 2018. Information on socio-economic factors and demographics, behavioral risks, anthropometric and biochemical indicators was collected. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and prevalence ratio (PR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable binary logistic and modified Poisson regression models, respectively. RESULTS On average, participants consumed 11 street food meals/week. The prevalence (95% CI) of cardio-metabolic risk factors was 63.9% (60.6-69.9%) for overweight/obesity, 42.5% (38.3-46.9%) for raised blood pressure, 13.5% (10.9-16.8%) for raised triglycerides and 6.6% (4.9-9.3%) for raised glucose levels. The correlates of overweight/obesity were female vs male sex (APR=1.3; 95% CI 1.2-1.5), age of 41-64 vs 25-40 years (APR=1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.6), high vs low income (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.04-1.3), being married/cohabiting vs other (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.01-1.4) and family history of diabetes vs no family history (APR=1.2; 95% CI 1.01-1.3). Age 41-64 vs 25-40 years, was the only significant factor associated with raised blood pressure APR (95% CI) 2.2 (1.7-2.9) and raised glucose AOR (95% CI) 3.9 (1.5-10.5). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that RSFCs are at risk of cardio-metabolic health problems, especially women, middle-aged people and those with higher incomes. Transdisciplinary studies to understand the drivers of street food consumption are needed in order to inform interventions to mitigate the risk of developing cardio-metabolic diseases. These interventions should target both street food vendors and their consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson B Kagaruki
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Tukuyu Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael J Mahande
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Godfather D Kimaro
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Esther S Ngadaya
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Mayige T
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Majige Selemani
- Eastern Africa Statistical Training Centre, Graduate Studies, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Shabbar Jaffar
- International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Sayoki G Mfinanaga
- Research Programs, National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Public Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Public Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abdjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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17
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Xhakollari V, Canavari M, Osman M. Why people follow a gluten-free diet? An application of health behaviour models. Appetite 2021; 161:105136. [PMID: 33513415 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand factors affecting adherence to GFD by celiac and non-celiac people through the application of behavioural theories, Integrative Model (IM) and Multi Theory Model (MTM). METHODS Analyses were conducted for a sample of 308 subjects, majority females, celiac and non-celiac. Adherence to GFD was measured considering two scales, self-declared adherence and scored adherence, in order to discern possible inconsistencies between what subjects believe and what they really do. Subsequently, adherence to GFD was modelled by considering constructs of MTM and IM. Moreover, the constructs were designed based on literature review. Ordered logit (OL) model was used to test the IM and MTM theoretical models. RESULTS The findings show that adherence to GFD is affected mainly by attitudes towards GFD, self-efficacy, injunctive norms, knowledge about GFD and health conditions. Between the two models, IM and MTM, results show that all constructs of IM explain the behaviour. Contrary, for MTM, results indicate only some constructs of the MTM explain adherence to GFD. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study should be considered for improving the adherence to GFD for celiac people. Furthermore, it is important to consider the non-celiac people's perceptions for GFD and GF products. In other words an accurate information about the diet and products it is relevant for supporting people to make healthier food choices. Finally, as the results show, IM explain adherence to GFD better than MTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Xhakollari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Canavari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Magda Osman
- Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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18
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Leszko M, Keenan-Devlin L, Grobman WA, Smart B, Borders A, Mroczek DK. Is there a relationship between personality traits and fruit and vegetable intake among pregnant women? Health Psychol Open 2020; 7:2055102920974245. [PMID: 33282329 PMCID: PMC7691923 DOI: 10.1177/2055102920974245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that certain personality traits such as neuroticism
and conscientiousness influence dietary choices. Pregnancy is a unique period in
a woman’s life during which most women are highly intrinsically and
extrinsically motivated to start a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Yet, an
adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables remains a challenge for many
women. The present study investigates the relationships between personality
traits and fish, dairy, fruit, and vegetable intake. Data was collected from 602
pregnant women and analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical
regression analyses in order to examine predictive relationships between the
variables of interest. The results demonstrated that high scores in openness to
experience, older maternal age, higher income, and educational attainment were
positively associated with increased fish, vegetable, and fruit intake. These
findings have important implications for interventions that seek to improve
eating behaviors of pregnant women, thereby increasing the health of their
pregnancies.
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Jancey J, Lee AH, James AP, Howat P, Hills AP, Anderson AS, Tran VD, Blackford K. Long-term sustainability of a physical activity and nutrition intervention for rural adults with or at risk of metabolic syndrome. Aust N Z J Public Health 2020; 44:421-426. [PMID: 32955747 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine longer-term (18-month) sustainability of a six-month physical activity and nutrition intervention for 50-69-year-olds with or at risk of metabolic syndrome residing in a rural Australian community. METHODS Participants (n=151) were followed-up at 12 and 18 months post-intervention. Changes in nutrition behaviours (fat and fibre barometer); physical activity behaviours (IPAQ); anthropometry (waist-hip ratio, weight, BMI), blood pressure, blood parameters (triglycerides, glucose, LDL-, HDL-, non-HDL, total-cholesterol) were analysed using t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Across three time points (6, 12 and 18 months) marginal decrease was observed for waist circumference (p=0.001), a modest increase was observed for diastolic blood pressure (p=0.010) and other outcome measures remained stable. CONCLUSION Maintenance and ongoing improvement of health behaviours in the longer-term is challenging. Future studies must look for ways to embed interventions into communities so they are sustainable and investigate new approaches to reduce the risk of chronic disease. Implications for public health: Metabolic syndrome is a major health issue in Australia and worldwide. Early identification and management are required to prevent the progression to chronic disease. This 18-month follow-up showed that outcomes measures remained relatively stable; however, there is a need to investigate opportunities for embedded community interventions to support long-term health behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Western Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Anthony P James
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Peter Howat
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Western Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | | | - Annie S Anderson
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research, Division of Population Health & Genomics, Ninewells Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Van Dinh Tran
- Department of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam
| | - Krysten Blackford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Western Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia
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20
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Zoszak K, Neale E, Tapsell L, Probst Y. Exploring dietary changes in an interdisciplinary intervention trial: Application of a dietary guidelines food composition database. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:265-272. [PMID: 32725838 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of food groups aligning with dietary guidelines is advised for obesity management and was used in a recent lifestyle intervention trial, the Health Track study. We have conducted a number of dietary pattern analyses on this trial but, with recent access to the new Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) food composition database, we can now assess ADG adherence, with the advantage of categorising mixed dishes. The present study aimed to compare changes over time in consumption of ADG food groups. METHODS Secondary analysis of baseline and three-month diet history data was conducted. Participants received individualised dietary advice (I), individualised dietary advice plus 30 g of walnuts per day (IW) or usual care (C). The ADG database was used to determine food group servings with changes in five food groups used as a measure of dietary quality. RESULTS Fruit and vegetable intakes increased in the IW (+0.4 and +1.1 serves, P < 0.05) and I (+0.5 and +0.4 serves, P > 0.05) arms. Consumption of meat/protein foods increased in the IW arm (+0.3 serves, P > 0.05) but decreased in the I and C arms (both - 0.4 serves, P < 0.05). Consumption of grains and milk/alternatives decreased in all study arms (P < 0.05). Greater improvements in grain and dairy food quality were observed in the intervention arms. CONCLUSIONS The ADG database enabled ADG specific food group analysis, addressed food quality and showed the HealthTrack intervention increased adherence to dietary guidelines compared to usual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zoszak
- School of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - E Neale
- School of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - L Tapsell
- School of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Probst
- School of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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21
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Dreher ML, Ford NA. A Comprehensive Critical Assessment of Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Weight Loss in Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071919. [PMID: 32610460 PMCID: PMC7399879 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
No previous reviews or meta-analyses have specifically assessed the effects of increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake on weight loss with a primary focus on women. Several studies show differences between men and women in how increased FV intake affects their weight loss and maintenance, risk of becoming overweight or obese, and the influence of eating speed and frequency on weight control. This analysis provides a comprehensive and visual assessment of the effects of increasing FV intake and long-term weight change from observational studies and weight loss from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in women. Consistent evidence from prospective studies and RCTs shows that increased intake of FV is a chief contributor to weight loss in women. This effect is enhanced with concurrent dietary restriction of high energy density (ED) or high-fat foods. Yet, the type of FV differentially impacts weight loss in women. Whole FV intake may influence weight through a variety of mechanisms including a reduction in eating rate, providing a satisfying, very-low to low energy density, low glycemic load or low-fat content. Also, FV are the primary source of dietary fiber, which can provide additional support for weight loss in women when consumed at adequate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, 900 S Rainbow Ranch Rd, Wimberley, TX 78676, USA;
| | - Nikki A. Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-341-3250
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Agriopoulou S, Stamatelopoulou E, Sachadyn-Król M, Varzakas T. Lactic Acid Bacteria as Antibacterial Agents to Extend the Shelf Life of Fresh and Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables: Quality and Safety Aspects. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E952. [PMID: 32599824 PMCID: PMC7356186 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating fresh fruits and vegetables is, undoubtedly, a healthy habit that should be adopted by everyone (particularly due to the nutrients and functional properties of fruits and vegetables). However, at the same time, due to their production in the external environment, there is an increased risk of their being infected with various pathogenic microorganisms, some of which cause serious foodborne illnesses. In order to preserve and distribute safe, raw, and minimally processed fruits and vegetables, many strategies have been proposed, including bioprotection. The use of lactic acid bacteria in raw and minimally processed fruits and vegetables helps to better maintain their quality by extending their shelf life, causing a significant reduction and inhibition of the action of important foodborne pathogens. The antibacterial effect of lactic acid bacteria is attributed to its ability to produce antimicrobial compounds, including bacteriocins, with strong competitive action against many microorganisms. The use of bacteriocins, both separately and in combination with edible coatings, is considered a very promising approach for microbiological quality, and safety for postharvest storage of raw and minimally processed fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the purpose of the review is to discuss the biopreservation of fresh fruits and vegetables through the use of lactic acid bacteria as a green and safe technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (S.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Eygenia Stamatelopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (S.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Monika Sachadyn-Król
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (S.A.); (E.S.)
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Identifier of Regional Food Presence (IRFP): A New Perspective to Evaluate Sustainable Menus. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The menu offered in restaurants must meet different aspects of quality. Cultural elements are related to their acceptance and can contribute to the preservation of habits, sustainable agricultural systems, and the maintenance of biodiversity and sustainability, among other factors. In this context, this research proposes an instrument for classifying menus regarding the presence/absence of regional foods called the identifier of regional foods presence (IRFP) as a new perspective to evaluate sustainable menus. For this, lists of regional preparations and ingredients were prepared for each Brazilian region. Sequentially, we submitted the dishes/ingredients to a developed decision tree for the classification of foods into regional or national foods. The score, based on the presence/absence of regional foods, considered the components of a menu, with zero attributed to a lack of regional ingredients/dishes. For national dishes/ingredients, researchers attributed a minimum score equal to ten. One regional food gave a score of50 to the menu, and with more than one regional food, a daily menu scored 100. The final menu evaluation was based on the mean scores of the menus in each restaurant. Scores between 0–49.9 were considered inadequate; 50–74.9, adequate; and excellent between 75–100. The IRFP was applied to 111 menus with data collected from all the offered dishes. In total, the study evaluated data from 774 recipes from the menus of 37 restaurants located in the five Brazilian regions with a similar operating system. ANOVA was used to verify if there was a statistical difference between the mean score of each Brazilian region (p < 0.05). The average score obtained by the IRFP in menus from Brazilian community restaurants was 80.3 ± 30.9 (excellent), showing a significant difference between the Northeast and Southeast Regions, with a more significant presence of regional foods in the Northeast (87.7 ± 28.7). The use of the IRFP in menus was shown to be easy in its application, contributing to a stimulation of the use of regional items and, consequently, to the direct and indirect benefits generated for the food system and the local population.
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Abstract
Numerous traditional low-alcohol fermented beverages produced from fruit or vegetables are described around the world. Fruit and vegetables and lactic fermented products both present nutritional benefits, which give reasons for the recent expansion of non-dairy lactic fermented juices on the market. In addition, fruit and vegetable juices are new carriers for probiotic bacteria. Specific phenotypic traits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are required so that LAB can effectively grow in fruit or vegetable juices, increase their safety and improve their sensory and nutritional quality. From the diversity of microbiota of spontaneous fermentations, autochthonous starters can be selected, and their higher performance than allochthonous LAB was demonstrated. Achieving long-term storage and constant high quality of these beverages requires additional processing steps, such as heat treatment. Alternatives to conventional treatments are investigated as they can better preserve nutritional properties, extract bioactive compounds and promote the growth and metabolism of LAB. Specific processing approaches were shown to increase probiotic viability of fruit and vegetable juices. More knowledge on the metabolic activity of lactic acid bacterium consortium in fruit or vegetable juices has become a bottleneck for the understanding and the prediction of changes in bioactive compounds for functional beverages development. Hopefully, the recent developments of metabolomics and methods to describe enzymatic machinery can result in the reconstruction of fermentative pathways.
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García-Gómez L, Romero-Rebollar C, Hartmann C, Siegrist M, Ferreira G, Gutierrez-Aguilar R, Villalpando S, Pacheco-Lopez G. Food Disgust Scale: Spanish Version. Front Psychol 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32116959 PMCID: PMC7020908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Food Disgust Scale (FDS) was recently developed and validated in Swiss adult population. This study aims to: (1) validate the FDS for the first time in a Spanish-speaking Mexican population, (2) correlate food disgust sensitivity with picky eating measures, and (3) explore the association between food disgust sensitivity and body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A Spanish version of the FDS (FDS-Sp) and its short version (FDS-Sp short) were tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in order to test the original item/factor structure. Bivariate correlations were performed to determine the association between FDS-Sp/FDS-Sp short scores and picky eating. Lastly, hierarchical linear regression analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between food disgust sensitivity and BMI. RESULTS The factor structure of the FDS was replicated and acceptable internal consistency values were observed for FDS-Sp subscales (α varied between 0.781 and 0.955). Moreover, FDS-Sp subscales and FDS-Sp short were correlated with picky eating. Higher score in VEGI subscale of the FDS-Sp was a significant predictor for higher BMI, explaining 4% of the variance. CONCLUSION FDS-Sp is a useful, reliable and robust psychometric instrument to measure the sensitivity to unpleasant food situations in a Mexican adult Spanish-speaking population. A relationship between food disgust sensitivity and picky eating, selective eating behaviors and neophobia in Mexicans was confirmed. BMI is multifactorial and only one subscale of FDS-Sp is a significant predictor for BMI status. These results are helpful to continue exploring food disgust in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor García-Gómez
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
- Department of Research in Smoking and COPD, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Romero-Rebollar
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Christina Hartmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Siegrist
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Gutierrez-Aguilar
- Research Division, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases: Obesity and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Mexico (HIM) Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Villalpando
- Department of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Mexico (HIM) Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez
- Health Sciences Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gray LJ, Brady EM, Albaina O, Edwardson CL, Harrington D, Khunti K, Miksza J, Raposo JF, Smith E, Vazeou A, Vergara I, Weihrauch-Blüher S, Davies MJ. Evaluation and refinement of the PRESTARt tool for identifying 12-14 year olds at high lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to a clinicians assessment of risk: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:79. [PMID: 31345191 PMCID: PMC6659313 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was associated with older age, but is now being increasingly diagnosed in younger populations due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and inactivity. We aimed to evaluate whether a tool developed for community use to identify adolescents at high lifetime risk of developing T2DM agreed with a risk assessment conducted by a clinician using data collected from five European countries. We also assessed whether the tool could be simplified. METHODS To evaluate the tool we collected data from 636 adolescents aged 12-14 years from five European countries. Each participant's data were then assessed by two clinicians independently, who judged each participant to be at either low or high risk of developing T2DM in their lifetime. This was used as the gold standard to which the tool was evaluated and refined. RESULTS The refined tool categorised adolescents at high risk if they were overweight/obese and had at least one other risk factor (High waist circumference, family history of diabetes, parental obesity, not breast fed, high sugar intake, high screen time, low physical activity and low fruit and vegetable intake). Of those found to be at high risk by the clinicians, 93% were also deemed high risk by the tool. The specificity shows that 67% of those deemed at low risk by the clinicians were also found to be a low risk by the tool. CONCLUSIONS We have evaluated a tool for identifying adolescents with risk factors associated with the development of T2DM in the future. Future work to externally validate the tool using prospective data including T2DM incidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Emer M. Brady
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | - Olatz Albaina
- Kronikgune, Torre del BEC (Bilbao Exhibition Centre), Ronda de Azkue, 1, 48902 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - Deirdre Harrington
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | - Joanne Miksza
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | | | - Ellesha Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Andriani Vazeou
- Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, P&A Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Itziar Vergara
- Kronikgune, Torre del BEC (Bilbao Exhibition Centre), Ronda de Azkue, 1, 48902 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
- Unidad de Investigación APOSIs Gipuzkoa, Osakidetza, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud y Cronicidad REDISSEC, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics/ Pediatric Endorinology I, University Hospital of Halle/S, Halle, Germany
| | - Melanie J. Davies
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
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Łuszczki E, Sobek G, Bartosiewicz A, Baran J, Weres A, Dereń K, Mazur A. Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by Children in School Canteens Depending on Selected Sociodemographic Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070397. [PMID: 31336674 PMCID: PMC6681238 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Eating habits acquired or changed during childhood are likely to track into adulthood. Due to the fact that nutritional behaviours are not so strongly formed among children, it is easier to change and develop them in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of selected sociodemographic factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption (i.e., age, parents' body mass index, parents' level education, duration of breastfeeding, child's time spent in front of computer/television) among children in school canteens. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 106 participants (52 girls, 54 boys) aged 6-12. The frequency of consuming fruits and vegetables at a school canteen was assessed using bar code cards for two weeks. Body composition estimates were obtained using a foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis, body height was measured using a stadiometer Seca 213. The questionnaire contained questions about selected factors which can have an influence on fruit and vegetable consumption. In the study group, 13.2% of participants were overweight and 17.9% were obese. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant relationship between age and fruit and vegetable consumption, and it increased with age in both sexes. Conclusions: Bearing in mind the various conditions discussed when shaping the eating habits of pre-school- and early-school-aged children, the importance of proper nutritional education should be stressed both among children and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sobek
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Baran
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aneta Weres
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Schillemans T, Shi L, Liu X, Åkesson A, Landberg R, Brunius C. Visualization and Interpretation of Multivariate Associations with Disease Risk Markers and Disease Risk-The Triplot. Metabolites 2019; 9:E133. [PMID: 31284606 PMCID: PMC6680952 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has emerged as a promising technique to understand relationships between environmental factors and health status. Through comprehensive profiling of small molecules in biological samples, metabolomics generates high-dimensional data objectively, reflecting exposures, endogenous responses, and health effects, thereby providing further insights into exposure-disease associations. However, the multivariate nature of metabolomics data contributes to high complexity in analysis and interpretation. Efficient visualization techniques of multivariate data that allow direct interpretation of combined exposures, metabolome, and disease risk, are currently lacking. We have therefore developed the 'triplot' tool, a novel algorithm that simultaneously integrates and displays metabolites through latent variable modeling (e.g., principal component analysis, partial least squares regression, or factor analysis), their correlations with exposures, and their associations with disease risk estimates or intermediate risk factors. This paper illustrates the framework of the 'triplot' using two synthetic datasets that explore associations between dietary intake, plasma metabolome, and incident type 2 diabetes or BMI, an intermediate risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases. Our results demonstrate advantages of triplot over conventional visualization methods in facilitating interpretation in multivariate risk modeling with high-dimensional data. Algorithms, synthetic data, and tutorials are open source and available in the R package 'triplot'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Schillemans
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, SE-710049 Xi'an, China
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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de Sousa JR, Botelho RBA, Akutsu RDCCA, Zandonadi RP. Nutritional Quality of Breakfast Consumed by the Low-Income Population in Brazil: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061418. [PMID: 31238519 PMCID: PMC6628221 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to characterize the nutritional quality of breakfast consumed by the low-income Brazilian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1547 low-income individuals attending 36 Community Restaurants (CRs) in Brazil. Food consumption was analyzed by the frequency of food groups presented in the 24 h recall for three days. The nutritional consumption consisted of the analysis of the total energetic value (TEV) and the macronutrients, fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, calcium, and sodium. The nutrients were evaluated considering the percentage of contribution concerning the daily recommendation of consumption. Results: Among the 4641 breakfasts expected to be consumed and reported, 17.2% (n = 797) of the consumers did not consume breakfast. Therefore, we analyzed the 3844 breakfasts. The analysis of food groups showed a high consumption of dairy and cereals, and low consumption of fruits, roots/tubers, and meat/eggs. The percentages of energy contribution of the macronutrients in the TEV were adequate for a balanced diet. The mean intake of monounsaturated fatty acids was low, and the contribution percentages of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids were within the recommendations. The mean fiber intake of the breakfast was low, agreeing with the result of low fruit consumption. Calcium intake covered 73.49% of that expected for this meal, and sodium intake was adequate in breakfast. Conclusion: The individuals studied consumed a nutritionally balanced breakfast. Although dairy was one of the most consumed groups, calcium consumption was low, indicating the need to consume higher portions of food sources of this nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Ramos de Sousa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel B A Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia C A Akutsu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
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Ma S, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Tsai CL, Carroll RJ. A ROBUST AND EFFICIENT APPROACH TO CAUSAL INFERENCE BASED ON SPARSE SUFFICIENT DIMENSION REDUCTION. Ann Stat 2019; 47:1505-1535. [PMID: 31231143 PMCID: PMC6588012 DOI: 10.1214/18-aos1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental assumption used in causal inference with observational data is that treatment assignment is ignorable given measured confounding variables. This assumption of no missing confounders is plausible if a large number of baseline covariates are included in the analysis, as we often have no prior knowledge of which variables can be important confounders. Thus, estimation of treatment effects with a large number of covariates has received considerable attention in recent years. Most existing methods require specifying certain parametric models involving the outcome, treatment and confounding variables, and employ a variable selection procedure to identify confounders. However, selection of a proper set of confounders depends on correct specification of the working models. The bias due to model misspecification and incorrect selection of confounding variables can yield misleading results. We propose a robust and efficient approach for inference about the average treatment effect via a flexible modeling strategy incorporating penalized variable selection. Specifically, we consider an estimator constructed based on an efficient influence function that involves a propensity score and an outcome regression. We then propose a new sparse sufficient dimension reduction method to estimate these two functions without making restrictive parametric modeling assumptions. The proposed estimator of the average treatment effect is asymptotically normal and semiparametrically efficient without the need for variable selection consistency. The proposed methods are illustrated via simulation studies and a biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Ma
- DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA 92521, USA
| | - Liping Zhu
- CENTER FOR APPLIED STATISTICS, INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS AND BIG DATA, RENMIN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA, BEIJING 100872, CHINA
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE, RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA 92521, USA
| | - Chih-Ling Tsai
- GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA 95616, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS 77843, USA
- SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SYDNEY, BROADWAY NSW 2007, AUSTRALIA
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Mayne DJ, Morgan GG, Jalaludin BB, Bauman AE. Area-Level Walkability and the Geographic Distribution of High Body Mass in Sydney, Australia: A Spatial Analysis Using the 45 and Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040664. [PMID: 30813499 PMCID: PMC6406292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Improving the walkability of built environments to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce high body mass is increasingly considered in regional development plans. Walkability indexes have the potential to inform, benchmark and monitor these plans if they are associated with variation in body mass outcomes at spatial scales used for health and urban planning. We assessed relationships between area-level walkability and prevalence and geographic variation in overweight and obesity using an Australian population-based cohort comprising 92,157 Sydney respondents to the 45 and Up Study baseline survey between January 2006 and April 2009. Individual-level data on overweight and obesity were aggregated to 2006 Australian postal areas and analysed as a function of area-level Sydney Walkability Index quartiles using conditional auto regression spatial models adjusted for demographic, social, economic, health and socioeconomic factors. Both overweight and obesity were highly clustered with higher-than-expected prevalence concentrated in the urban sprawl region of western Sydney, and lower-than-expected prevalence in central and eastern Sydney. In fully adjusted spatial models, prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6% and 11% lower in medium-high versus low, and 10% and 15% lower in high versus low walkability postcodes, respectively. Postal area walkability explained approximately 20% and 9% of the excess spatial variation in overweight and obesity that remained after accounting for other individual- and area-level factors. These findings provide support for the potential of area-level walkability indexes to inform, benchmark and monitor regional plans aimed at targeted approaches to reducing population-levels of high body mass through environmental interventions. Future research should consider potential confounding due to neighbourhood self-selection on area-level walkability relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Mayne
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Public Health Unit, Warrawong, NSW 2502, Australia.
- University of Wollongong, School of Medicine, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- The University of Sydney, University Centre for Rural Health, Rural Clinical School-Northern Rivers, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Bin B Jalaludin
- Ingham Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Epidemiology, Healthy People and Places Unit, Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW 1871, Australia.
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Machado S, Ritchie L, Thompson H, Reed A, Castro AI, Neelon M, Madsen K. Multi-pronged intervention to increase secondary student participation in school lunch: Design and rationale. Contemp Clin Trials 2019; 78:133-139. [PMID: 30769088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is the healthiest lunch option for students, yet participation is suboptimal and fruit and vegetable waste remains high. Improving school meal convenience, engaging teachers in the school-lunch program, and enhancing the cafeteria environment are promising strategies to improve participation and dietary intake, yet little evidence is available on their impact. METHODS/DESIGN The Multi-Pronged Intervention to Increase Secondary Student Participation in School Lunch (MPI) is a 3-year quasi-experimental study in a large urban school district in California. A total of 24 middle and high schools participated in the study: half received the intervention and half served as controls. The intervention consisted of additional school lunch points of sale (vending machines and mobile carts), a school meal outreach program for teachers, and cafeteria redesigns. School meal participation, student-reported fruit and vegetable consumption, and school lunch plate waste were assessed at baseline and in years 1 and 2 of the intervention. Change in meal participation and fruit and vegetable consumption were compared between intervention and control arms to determine the impact of the intervention on school meal participation and dietary intake. DISCUSSION This study is positioned to provide evidence on the feasibility and efficacy of a multi-level intervention to increase school meal participation and consumption of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorrene Ritchie
- University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nutrition Policy Institute, United States
| | | | - Annie Reed
- University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | | | - Marisa Neelon
- University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension, United States
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Joo J, Williamson SA, Vazquez AI, Fernandez JR, Bray MS. Advanced Dietary Patterns Analysis Using Sparse Latent Factor Models in Young Adults. J Nutr 2018; 148:1984-1992. [PMID: 30418566 PMCID: PMC6280002 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Principal components analysis (PCA) has been the most widely used method for deriving dietary patterns to date. However, PCA requires arbitrary ad hoc decisions for selecting food variables in interpreting dietary patterns and does not easily accommodate covariates. Sparse latent factor models can be utilized to address these issues. Objective The objective of this study was to compare Bayesian sparse latent factor models with PCA for identifying dietary patterns among young adults. Methods Habitual food intake was estimated in 2730 sedentary young adults from the Training Interventions and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study [aged 18-35 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 26.5 ± 6.1] who exercised <30 min/wk during the previous 30 d without restricting caloric intake before study enrollment. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to generate the frequency intakes of 102 food items. Sparse latent factor modeling was applied to the standardized food intakes to derive dietary patterns, incorporating additional covariates (sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI). The identified dietary patterns via sparse latent factor modeling were compared with the PCA derived dietary patterns. Results Seven dietary patterns were identified in both PCA and sparse latent factor analysis. In contrast to PCA, the sparse latent factor analysis allowed the covariate information to be jointly accounted for in the estimation of dietary patterns in the model and offered probabilistic criteria to determine the foods relevant to each dietary pattern. The derived patterns from both methods generally described common dietary behaviors. Dietary patterns 1-4 had similar food subsets using both statistical approaches, but PCA had smaller sets of foods with more cross-loading elements between the 2 factors. Overall, the sparse latent factor analysis produced more interpretable dietary patterns, with fewer of the food items excluded from all patterns. Conclusion Sparse latent factor models can be useful in future studies of dietary patterns by reducing the intrinsic arbitrariness involving the choice of food variables in interpreting dietary patterns and incorporating covariates in the assessment of dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana I Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jose R Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Molly S Bray
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences,Address correspondence to MSB (e-mail: )
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Stephens LD, Crawford D, Thornton L, Olstad DL, Morgan PJ, van Lenthe FJ, Ball K. A qualitative study of the drivers of socioeconomic inequalities in men's eating behaviours. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1257. [PMID: 30428860 PMCID: PMC6236940 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men of low socioeconomic position (SEP) are less likely than those of higher SEP to consume fruits and vegetables, and more likely to eat processed discretionary foods. Education level is a widely used marker of SEP. Few studies have explored determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in men’s eating behaviours. The present study aimed to explore intrapersonal, social and environmental factors potentially contributing to educational inequalities in men’s eating behaviour. Methods Thirty Australian men aged 18–60 years (15 each with tertiary or non-tertiary education) from two large metropolitan sites (Melbourne, Victoria; and Newcastle, New South Wales) participated in qualitative, semi-structured, one-on-one telephone interviews about their perceptions of influences on their and other men’s eating behaviours. The social ecological model informed interview question development, and data were examined using abductive thematic analysis. Results Themes equally salient across tertiary and non-tertiary educated groups included attitudes about masculinity; nutrition knowledge and awareness; ‘moralising’ consumption of certain foods; the influence of children on eating; availability of healthy foods; convenience; and the interplay between cost, convenience, taste and healthfulness when choosing foods. More prominent influences among tertiary educated men included using advanced cooking skills but having relatively infrequent involvement in other food-related tasks; the influence of partner/spouse support on eating; access to healthy food; and cost. More predominant influences among non-tertiary educated men included having fewer cooking skills but frequent involvement in food-related tasks; identifying that ‘no-one’ influenced their diet; having mobile worksites; and adhering to food budgets. Conclusions This study identified key similarities and differences in perceived influences on eating behaviours among men with lower and higher education levels. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which such influences explain socioeconomic variations in men’s dietary intakes, and to identify feasible strategies that might support healthy eating among men in different socioeconomic groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6162-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena D Stephens
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Crawford
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lukar Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Gębski J, Jezewska-Zychowicz M, Guzek D, Świątkowska M, Stangierska D, Plichta M. The Associations between Dietary Patterns and Short Sleep Duration in Polish Adults (LifeStyle Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2497. [PMID: 30413064 PMCID: PMC6266400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Short sleep duration appears to put adults at risk of excessive energy intake and obesity; less is known specifically about how sleep quantity relates to dietary patterns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with short sleep duration. The data were collected in November 2016 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey among 972 Polish adults with both normal weight and excessive weight. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to derive DPs. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between short sleep duration (independent variable) and DPs (dependent variables). Five DPs ('Fast foods & sweets'-FF&S; 'Meat & meat products'-M&MP; 'Fruit & vegetable'-F&V; 'Wholemeal food'-WF; and 'Fruit & vegetable juices'-F&VJ) were identified. Adults whose diet was based both on fruit and vegetables (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.44⁻0.88; p < 0.01) and on fast food and sweets (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44⁻0.99; p < 0.01) were less likely to be short sleepers on weekdays. On weekdays short sleep duration was associated with smaller odds of FF&S both for men (OR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33⁻0.97; p < 0.05) and for women (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38⁻0.98; p < 0.05), and with smaller odds of F&V (OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20⁻0.58; p < 0.001) for men. Short sleep duration on weekend days was associated with a smaller odds of F&VJ (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.30⁻0.96; p < 0.05- only in crude model) and higher odds of F&V (OR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02⁻3.11; p < 0.05) for women, and with a smaller odds of FF&S (OR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17⁻0.79; p < 0.05) for men. The number of significant associations between dietary patterns and sleep duration was higher among people with normal weight and overweight compared to those with BMI ≥ 30. We found that both short sleep duration on weekdays and weekend days was associated with some dietary patterns including both healthy and unhealthy DPs. Gender significantly differed these relationships in groups with normal and excessive weight. Findings of the study confirmed the potential effectiveness of combined use of sleep duration and dietary patterns in the development of recommendations for prevention of obesity. Future studies are called for to evaluate these links using dietary patterns identified according to food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Gębski
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Świątkowska
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Stangierska
- Section of Horticultural Economic, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Plichta
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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Liu H, Hall JJ, Xu X, Mishra GD, Byles JE. Differences in food and nutrient intakes between Australian- and Asian-born women living in Australia: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Nutr Diet 2018; 75:142-150. [PMID: 29282841 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine differences in food and nutrient intakes between Australian- and Asian-born women living in Australia. METHODS Data were obtained from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, including 6461 women born in Australia or Asia who completed food frequency questionnaires in 2001 and 2013. Diet was assessed using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2. Longitudinal generalised estimating-equation modelling was performed to determine the effect of country of birth and survey year on fruit and vegetable intake. RESULTS Asian-born women ate more cereals, soybeans and fish but less vegetables, legumes, dairy, meat and meat products than Australian-born women both in 2001 and in 2013. Asian-born women ate less cereals, rice and noodles, meat and its products (P < 0.05) in 2013 than in 2001. The earlier people came to Australia, the less their rice and noodle intake per day. However, the reverse was demonstrated regarding vegetable intake. Asian-born women had a lower daily intake of fat, calcium, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, folate and retinol compared with those born in Australia. CONCLUSIONS Asian-born women living in Australia show different food and nutrient intakes from Australian-born women, although their diets tend to deviate from typical Asian characteristics and approach a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - John J Hall
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie E Byles
- Priority Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Yuan S, Yu HJ, Liu MW, Huang Y, Yang XH, Tang BW, Song Y, Cao ZK, Wu HJ, He QQ, Gasevic D. The association of fruit and vegetable consumption with changes in weight and body mass index in Chinese adults: a cohort study. Public Health 2018. [PMID: 29524810 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Findings regarding the benefits of fruit and vegetables (FV) on weight control are inconsistent and little is known among Chinese populations. Therefore, we examined the relationship between change in FV consumption, weight, and change in body mass index (BMI) among Chinese adults, participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study. METHODS Two waves of CHNS conducted in 2006 and 2011 were used. Continuous FV consumption increase was considered as the exposure and changes in weight and BMI as outcomes. Change in FV consumption was categorized into quintiles. Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression models, after controlling for potential confounders such as energy intake, physical activity, and smoking, were used to describe the relationship between change in FV consumption and change in weight and BMI. RESULTS A total of 4357 participants aged 18-65 years were included in this study. The respective weight and BMI gains in male individuals were 1.81 kg and 0.73 kg/m2 in the fifth quintile of FV change relative to individuals in the first quintile (3.67 kg for weight gain and 1.48 kg/m2 for BMI gain). An increase in FV consumption by 100 g was associated with a 211 g weight loss (B = -2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.34, -0.89, P < 0.001) and a decrease in BMI by 0.94 kg/m2 (B = -0.94; 95% CI, -1.36, -0.46, P < 0.001) in men; and a 140 g weight loss (B = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.97, 0.69, P = 0.74) and a decrease in BMI by 0.29 kg/m2 BMI (B = -0.29; 95% CI, -0.63, 0.06, P = 0.11) in women. CONCLUSIONS Increase in FV consumption was associated with statistically significant weight loss and decrease in BMI among Chinese men, and, although suggested, weight loss among women was not significant. Considering the protective effect of FV on human health, increasing FV consumption in the Chinese population is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yuan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - H J Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - M W Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - X H Yang
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - B W Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Y Song
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Z K Cao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - H J Wu
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Q Q He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China.
| | - D Gasevic
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Parker WA, Mchiza ZJ, Sewpaul R, Job N, Chola L, Sithole M, Labadarios D. The impact of sociodemography, diet, and body size on serum retinol in women 16-35 years of age: SANHANES-1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1416:48-65. [PMID: 29125179 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine the current vitamin A status of a nationally representative sample of women aged 16-35 years, compare it with previous national data, and determine the impact of sociodemography, diet, and body size on vitamin A status, we performed secondary analysis of data on South African women who participated in the first South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1). Vitamin A status was assessed by serum retinol, and the findings are reported as means and prevalences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Overall, the age-standardized vitamin A deficiency prevalence was 11.7%, a decrease from previous national data, but serum retinol levels remained lower than in other developing countries. Overall, unweighted, multilevel, multivariate logistic regression showed that vitamin A deficiency was influenced by race only (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, P = 0.031), while weighted multiple logistic regression for 16- to 18-year-olds showed that vitamin A deficiency was influenced by locality (OR = 9.83, P = 0.005) and household income (intermediate (OR = 0.2, P = 0.022) and upper (OR = 0.25, P = 0.049)). Despite the decreased prevalence, vitamin A deficiency remains a moderate public health problem in the country. Opportunities for targeted interventions have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whadi-Ah Parker
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zandile J Mchiza
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronel Sewpaul
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nophiwe Job
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lumbwe Chola
- PRICELESS SA, University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Moses Sithole
- Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Demetre Labadarios
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Petruzzi L, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A. Thermal Treatments for Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Beverages: A Literature Overview. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:668-691. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Petruzzi
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Daniela Campaniello
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Barbara Speranza
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
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Conner TS, Thompson LM, Knight RL, Flett JAM, Richardson AC, Brookie KL. The Role of Personality Traits in Young Adult Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Front Psychol 2017; 8:119. [PMID: 28223952 PMCID: PMC5293836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This project investigated how individual differences in the big-five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) predicted plant-food consumption in young adults. A total of 1073 participants from two samples of young adults aged 17–25 reported their daily servings of fruits, vegetables, and two unhealthy foods for comparison purposes using an Internet daily diary for 21 or 13 days (micro-longitudinal, correlational design). Participants also completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) measure of personality, and demographic covariates including gender, age, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Analyses used hierarchical regression to predict average daily fruit and vegetable consumption as separate dependent variables from the demographic covariates (step 1) and the five personality traits (step 2). Results showed that young adults higher in openness and extraversion, and to some extent conscientiousness, ate more fruits and vegetables than their less open, less extraverted, and less conscientious peers. Neuroticism and agreeableness were unrelated to fruit and vegetable consumption. These associations were unique to eating fruit and vegetables and mostly did not extend to unhealthy foods tested. Young adult women also ate more fruit and vegetables than young adult men. Results suggest that traits associated with greater intellect, curiosity, and social engagement (openness and extraversion), and to a lesser extent, discipline (conscientiousness) are associated with greater plant-food consumption in this population. Findings reinforce the importance of personality in establishing healthy dietary habits in young adulthood that could translate into better health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlin S Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Laura M Thompson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rachel L Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jayde A M Flett
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kate L Brookie
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Aparicio A, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Low Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Spain, Especially in the Overweight/Obese Population: The ANIBES Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:240-247. [PMID: 28080834 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1248246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of the Spanish population according to ponderal status and body fat distribution. METHODS Data were obtained from ANIBES (Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain), a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample (1013 men, 996 women) of the Spanish population (18-64 years). The final fieldwork was carried out from mid-September to November (three months) 2013. A 3-day dietary record provided information about food and beverage consumption. Height, weight, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) calculated. RESULTS The Spanish population had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, whole cereals, and dairy and high consumption of meat products. Individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal adiposity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) showed lower compliance with dietary guidelines. In the male group, adjusting by age, inadequate consumption of cereals (<4 servings/day) and vegetables and fruit (<5 servings/day) was associated with higher risk of overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.704, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.187-2.447, p = 0.001, for cereals and OR = 3.816, 95% CI, 1.947-7.480, p = 0.001, for vegetables and fruits) and abdominal adiposity (OR = 2.081, 95% CI, 1.419-3.053, p = 0.000 and OR = 4.289, 95% CI, 2.108-8.726, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Nutritional campaigns should be conducted to improve the dietary habits of the Spanish population in general, especially men, who have poorer ponderal status and abdominal adiposity, due to their lower adherence to dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II , and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada , Armilla , Granada , Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- d ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance , Technical University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- e Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- f Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , CEU San Pablo University , Boadilla del Monte , Madrid , Spain.,g Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents: a multi-national comparison of eleven countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1799-1806. [PMID: 27866479 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A regional cross-country profile of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is lacking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This study examines the prevalence of and differences in consumption of F&V ≥5 times/d among adolescents in eleven EMR countries, and describes differences in the proportions of taking F&V ≥5 times/d by sex, age and BMI. The study included 26 328 school adolescents (13-15 years) with complete data on consumption of F&V, age, sex, weight and height taken from the Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted in the EMR between 2005 and 2009. Overall, only 19·4 % of adolescents reported consuming F&V ≥5 times/d. The highest prevalence was reported in Djibouti (40·4 %) and the lowest was reported in Pakistan (10·0 %). Statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed across countries (P<0·05). With the exception of Oman, Libya and Djibouti, significantly more males than females ate F&V ≥5 times/d. The proportion of students consuming F&V ≥5 times/d also varied significantly in all countries based on BMI (P<0·0001), with students within normal BMI having the highest frequency. A negative trend was observed between age and intake of F&V ≥5 times/d in most of the eleven EMR countries except Jordan, Djibouti and Morocco. The prevalence of adequate intake of F&V is low in the eleven EMR countries. There is a need for interventions to increase the prevalence of adolescents consuming F&V ≥5 times/d. Interventions should take into consideration the psychosocial, environmental and socio-environmental factors influencing F&V intake within countries.
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Hassan NE, Wahba S, El-Alameey IR, El-Masry SA, AbuShady MM, Hameed ERA, Ibrahim TS, Boseila S. Dietary Behaviour Pattern and Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Egyptian Mothers: Relationships with Their Children's Body Mass Index. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:353-358. [PMID: 27703555 PMCID: PMC5042615 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and related morbidity increase in Egyptian women and their children. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns is needed to reduce obesity prevalence. AIM The present study aimed to assess dietary patterns and physical activity in Egyptian overweight and obese mothers and to explore its relationships with their children's body mass index (BMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This descriptive case-control study was conducted at the National Research Center. The study included a sample of 64 overweight and obese mothers and 75 children, compared with apparently healthy non-obese mothers and their children of matched age and social class. Tested questionnaires were used to collect information of the studied subjects. RESULTS A statistically significantly higher incidence of unemployment, large family size was observed in overweight & obese women compared to controls (P < 0.05). Those women who consumed vegetables more than 3 times a week were less likely to be overweight or obese (P < 0.05). No significant association were detected between mothers' physical activity, dietary behaviour variables and children's BMI except for consuming beverages with added sugar (95%CI = 0.074-0.985, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Improper dietary patterns, nonworking mothers and big family size are associated with obesity among Egyptian women. Emphasis should be given to increasing physical activity and encourage healthier diets among Egyptian mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayera E Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saneya Wahba
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas R El-Alameey
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mones M AbuShady
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enas R Abdel Hameed
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samia Boseila
- Child Health Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents: a multi-national comparison of eleven countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1092-9. [PMID: 26817392 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regional cross-country profile of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is lacking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This study examines the prevalence and differences of consuming F&V ≥5 times/d among adolescents in eleven EMR countries, and also describes differences in the proportions of taking F&V ≥5 times/d by sex, age and BMI. The study included 26 328 school adolescents (13-15 years) with complete data on consumption of F&V, age, sex, weight and height taken from the Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted in the EMR between 2005 and 2009. Overall, only 19·4 % of adolescents reported consuming F&V ≥5 times/d. The highest prevalence was reported in Djibouti (40·4 %) and the lowest was reported in Pakistan (10·0 %). Statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed across countries (P<0·05). With the exception of Oman, Libya and Djibouti, significantly more males than females ate F&V ≥5 times/d. Proportion of students consuming F&V ≥5 times/d also varied significantly in all counties based on BMI (P<0·0001), with students within normal BMI having the highest frequency. A negative trend was observed between age and the prevalence of taking F&V ≥5 times/d in most of the eleven EMR countries but Jordan, Djibouti and Morocco. The prevalence of adequate intake of F&V was low in the eleven EMR countries. There is a need for interventions to increase the prevalence of adolescents consuming F&V ≥5 times/d. Interventions should take into consideration psychosocial, environmental and socio-environmental factors influencing F&V intake within countries.
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Ball L, Leveritt M, Cass S, Chaboyer W. Effect of nutrition care provided by primary health professionals on adults' dietary behaviours: a systematic review. Fam Pract 2015; 32:605-17. [PMID: 26289046 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Nutrition care' refers to any practice conducted by a health professional to support a patient to improve their dietary behaviours. Better understanding about the effectiveness of nutrition care is required to identify ways to enhance success of future interventions. OBJECTIVE Systematically review literature that investigated the effect of nutrition care provided by primary health professionals on adult patients' dietary behaviours. METHODS The systematic review included all studies published between January 2000 and January 2015 that involved nutrition care by one or more primary health professionals to adult patients and incorporated at least one quantified food-related outcome measure (e.g. daily intake of vegetables in grams, weekly servings of lean meats). After data extraction, the methodological quality of each study was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Twenty-one studies, totalling 12497 participants were included. The design, intensity, theoretical underpinning and follow-up period of interventions were diverse. Twelve studies found significant improvements in participants' dietary behaviours, such as increased daily consumption of fruit, vegetables, high-fibre bread and fish. However, seven studies did not identify any improvement in dietary behaviours; one observed equal improvements among participants in the intervention and control groups and one found a reduction in participants' daily fruit and vegetable intake. CONCLUSION Interventions involving nutrition care provided by primary health professionals have the potential to improve patients' dietary behaviours. However, the consistency and clinical significance of intervention outcomes are unclear. Further consideration of factors that may influence the effectiveness of interventions, but not traditionally measured, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ball
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland and
| | - Michael Leveritt
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Cass
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland and
| | - Wendy Chaboyer
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland and
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Menozzi D, Sogari G, Mora C. Explaining Vegetable Consumption among Young Adults: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Nutrients 2015; 7:7633-50. [PMID: 26378570 PMCID: PMC4586552 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fruit and vegetable consumption is highly recommended for a healthy and balanced daily diet, several European countries do not meet these recommendations. In Italy, only 45% of young people are consuming at least one portion of vegetables per day. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the main determinants of vegetables consumption among young adults to suggest possible intervention strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a samples of Italian students (n = 751), using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a conceptual framework. A structural equation model (SEM) was developed to test the TPB predictors for vegetable consumption, and the role of background factors (socio-demographic and personal characteristics) in improving the TPB model’s explaining power. Overall, 81% and 68%, respectively, of intentions and behaviour variance is explained by the TPB model. Socio-demographic and personal characteristics were found to influence intentions and behaviour indirectly by their effects on the theory’s more proximal determinants. Interventions should be targeted to improve perceived behavioural control (PBC), attitudes and subjective norms that significantly affect intentions. Tailored interventions for male students, enrolled in courses other than food science, and doing less physical activity may have a larger effect on behavioural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Menozzi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Sogari
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Mora
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, via Kennedy 6, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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Williams RL, Wood LG, Collins CE, Callister R. Comparison of fruit and vegetable intakes during weight loss in males and females. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26220570 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Globally, fruit and vegetable intakes are well below recommendations despite ample evidence to link insufficient intake with increased risk of overweight and obesity. Intakes of fruits and vegetables in the general population differ between males and females, and although there is growing evidence of intakes in men and women during weight loss, evidence that directly compares intakes in men and women during weight loss is lacking. This study aimed to identify any differences between males and females in fruit and vegetable intakes and plasma carotenoid concentrations during weight loss, and determine whether there is a relationship between any changes in fruit and vegetable intakes and weight change in both males and females. SUBJECTS/METHODS Men and women (n=100; body mass index 25-40 kg/m(2)) aged 18-60 years were selected for the study. Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables was assessed using the Australian Eating Survey and fasting blood was collected to assess plasma carotenoids, which were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS There was little change in fruit or vegetable intakes during weight loss, although men tended to increase fruit intakes. Changes in intakes were influenced by baseline intakes, with males and females with the highest intakes at baseline reducing intakes. Males had better correlations between fruit and vegetable intakes and plasma carotenoid concentrations than females, and fruit and vegetable intakes during weight loss appear to predict weight loss for males but not females. CONCLUSIONS Fruit and vegetable intake during weight loss does not appear to differ largely between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Williams
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L G Wood
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C E Collins
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Callister
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Pfister R, Michels G, Brägelmann J, Sharp SJ, Luben R, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Plasma vitamin C and risk of hospitalisation with diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:830-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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