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Chen R, Liu H, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Hua W, Zhang L, Lv N, Zhang Y, Dai D, Zhao R, Li Q, Huang Q, Xu Y, Yang P, Liu J, Zuo Q. Antioxidants and the risk of stroke: results from NHANES and two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:50. [PMID: 38217043 PMCID: PMC10785483 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and observational studies have suggested a correlation between antioxidants and reduced stroke risk. However, it remains unclear whether causal relationships exist. METHODS This study first performed a cross-sectional study of the association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and stroke using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Second, a two-sample univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) was performed to analyze the causal effect of circulating levels of antioxidants on different subtypes of stroke. RESULTS The cross-sectional study included a total of 24,892 participants representing more than 200 million US non-institutionalized residents, a multivariable logistic regression model revealed that the risk of stroke decreased by 3.4% for each unit increase in CDAI (P = 0.017), with a non-linear association found, indicating a reduction in stroke risk before an inflection point of 3.078. MR analysis revealed that genetically determined levels of retinol had a suggestive protective effect on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (OR = 0.348, P = 0.025), and genetically determined levels of selenium had a suggestive protective effect against SAH (OR = 0.826, P = 0.007). However, no causal relationship was found between antioxidants and ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage risk. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that diet-derived antioxidants may reduce the risk of stroke, as indicated by the protective effects of retinol and selenium against SAH. However, more research is needed to fully understand how antioxidants prevent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Chen
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guanghao Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilong Hua
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongwei Dai
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiao Zuo
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, #168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Zhang W, Peng Q, Zhang X, Guo J, Tong H, Li S. Vitamin A Promotes the Repair of Mice Skeletal Muscle Injury through RARα. Nutrients 2023; 15:3674. [PMID: 37686706 PMCID: PMC10490340 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VitA) is an important fat-soluble vitamin which plays an important role in cell growth and individual development. However, the effect of VitA on the repair process of muscle injury and its molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, VitA and RA were first added to the culture medium of differentiated cells. We then detected cell differentiation marker proteins and myotube fusion. Moreover, the effects of VitA on RARα expression and nuclear translocation were further examined. The results showed that VitA significantly promoted the differentiation of C2C12, and the expression of RARα was significantly increased. Furthermore, VitA was injected into skeletal muscle injury in mice. HE staining and Western Blot results showed that VitA could significantly accelerate the repair of skeletal muscle injury and VitA increase the expression of RARα in mice. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulation mechanism of VitA-mediated muscle development and the development of therapeutic drugs for muscle diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (Q.P.); (X.Z.); (J.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingyun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (Q.P.); (X.Z.); (J.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (Q.P.); (X.Z.); (J.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaxu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (Q.P.); (X.Z.); (J.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huili Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (Q.P.); (X.Z.); (J.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (W.Z.); (Q.P.); (X.Z.); (J.G.); (H.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Iyer VJ, Osman MA. Haldol Targets IQGAP1 Pathway and Promotes Novel Partner Interactions in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000822. [PMID: 37228393 PMCID: PMC10203884 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is an incurable heterogenous brain cancer with few clinical target options. IQGAP1 is a scaffold oncoprotein involved in GBM with unclear mechanism. Here we report that the antipsychotic drug Haldol differentially alters IQGAP1 signaling and inhibits GBM cell proliferation, thus providing novel molecular signatures for GBM classification and potential targeted therapy in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun J. Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, 43614 United States
| | - Mahasin A. Osman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio, 43614 United States
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Hu R, Jiang X, Yang H, Liu G. Selection signature analysis reveals RDH5 performed key function in vision during sheep domestication process. Arch Anim Breed 2023. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-81-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. As one of the most successful domesticated animals in the Neolithic age,
sheep gradually migrated all over the world with human activities. During the
domestication process, remarkable changes have taken place in morphology,
physiology, and behavior, resulting in different breeds with different
characters via artificial and natural selection. However, the genetic
background responsible for these phenotypic variations remains largely
unclear. Here, we used whole genome resequencing technology to compare and
analyze the genome differences between Asiatic mouflon wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) and Hu
sheep (Ovis aries). A total of 755 genes were positively selected in the process of
domestication and selection, and the genes related to sensory perception had
directional evolution in the autosomal region, such as OPRL1, LEF1, TAS1R3, ATF6, VSX2, MYO1A, RDH5, and some novel
genes. A missense mutation of c.T722C/p.M241T in exon 4 of RDH5 existing in sheep
were found, and the T allele was completely fixed in Hu sheep. In addition, the
mutation with the C allele reduced the retinol dehydrogenase activity encoding
by RDH5, which can impair retinoic acid metabolism and further influenced the visual
cycle. Overall, our results showed significant enrichment for positively
selected genes involved in sensory perception development during sheep
domestication; RDH5 and its variants may be related to the retinal degeneration
in sheep. We infer that the wild sheep ancestors with weaker visual sensitivity
were weeded out by humans, and the mutation was selective, swept by the dual
pressures of natural and artificial selection.
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Różanowska MB, Czuba-Pełech B, Różanowski B. Is There an Optimal Combination of AREDS2 Antioxidants Zeaxanthin, Vitamin E and Vitamin C on Light-Induced Toxicity of Vitamin A Aldehyde to the Retina? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061132. [PMID: 35740030 PMCID: PMC9220409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins C and E and zeaxanthin are components of a supplement tested in a large clinical trial-Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)-and it has been demonstrated that they can inhibit the progression of age-related macular degeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal combinations of these antioxidants to prevent the phototoxicity mediated by vitamin A aldehyde (ATR), which can accumulate in photoreceptor outer segments (POS) upon exposure to light. We used cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells ARPE-19 and liposomes containing unsaturated lipids and ATR as a model of POS. Cells and/or liposomes were enriched with lipophilic antioxidants, whereas ascorbate was added just before the exposure to light. Supplementing the cells and/or liposomes with single lipophilic antioxidants had only a minor effect on phototoxicity, but the protection substantially increased in the presence of both ways of supplementation. Combinations of zeaxanthin with α-tocopherol in liposomes and cells provided substantial protection, enhancing cell viability from ~26% in the absence of antioxidants to ~63% in the presence of 4 µM zeaxanthin and 80 µM α-tocopherol, and this protective effect was further increased to ~69% in the presence of 0.5 mM ascorbate. The protective effect of ascorbate disappeared at a concentration of 1 mM, whereas 2 mM of ascorbate exacerbated the phototoxicity. Zeaxanthin or α-tocopherol partly ameliorated the cytotoxic effects. Altogether, our results suggest that the optimal combination includes upper levels of zeaxanthin and α-tocopherol achievable by diet and/or supplementations, whereas ascorbate needs to be at a four-fold smaller concentration than that in the vitreous. The physiological relevance of the results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata B. Różanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-292087-5057
| | - Barbara Czuba-Pełech
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
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The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031014. [PMID: 35162940 PMCID: PMC8835581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that occurs in various chemical forms. It is essential for several physiological processes. Either hyper- or hypovitaminosis can be harmful. One of the most important vitamin A functions is its involvement in visual phototransduction, where it serves as the crucial part of photopigment, the first molecule in the process of transforming photons of light into electrical signals. In this process, large quantities of vitamin A in the form of 11-cis-retinal are being isomerized to all-trans-retinal and then quickly recycled back to 11-cis-retinal. Complex machinery of transporters and enzymes is involved in this process (i.e., the visual cycle). Any fault in the machinery may not only reduce the efficiency of visual detection but also cause the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the retina. This review provides a comprehensive overview of diseases that are directly or indirectly connected with vitamin A pathways in the retina. It includes the pathophysiological background and clinical presentation of each disease and summarizes the already existing therapeutic and prospective interventions.
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7
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Lee YG, Kim C, Sun L, Lee TH, Jin YS. Selective production of retinol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the expression of retinol dehydrogenase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:399-410. [PMID: 34850377 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin A that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, retinol is commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Microbial production of retinol has been alternatively explored but restricted to a mixture of retinoids including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. Thus, we introduced heterologous retinol dehydrogenase into retinoids mixture-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the selective production of retinol using xylose. Expression of human RDH10 and Escherichia coli ybbO led to increase in retinol production, but retinal remained as a major product. In contrast, S. cerevisiae harboring human RDH12 produced retinol selectively with negligible production of retinal. The resulting strain (SR8A-RDH12) produced retinol only. However, more glycerol was accumulated due to intracellular redox imbalance. Therefore, Lactococcus lactis noxE coding for H2 O-forming NADH oxidase was additionally introduced to resolve the redox imbalance. The resulting strain produced 52% less glycerol and more retinol with a 30% higher yield than a parental strain. As the produced retinol was not stable, we examined culture and storage conditions including temperature, light, and antioxidants for the optimal production of retinol. In conclusion, we achieved selective production of retinol efficiently from xylose by introducing human RDH12 and NADH oxidase into S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tae-Hee Lee
- Solus BioTech, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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8
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Kim YJ, Park S, Ha T, Kim S, Lim S, You H, Kim JW. Retinoid Metabolism in the Degeneration of Pten-Deficient Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Mol Cells 2021; 44:613-622. [PMID: 34376625 PMCID: PMC8424139 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) provides structural and functional homeostasis to the retina. The RPE takes up retinol (ROL) to be dehydrogenated and isomerized to 11-cis-retinaldehyde (11-cis-RAL), which is a functional photopigment in mammalian photoreceptors. As excessive ROL is toxic, the RPE must also establish mechanisms to protect against ROL toxicity. Here, we found that the levels of retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) are commonly decreased in phosphatase tensin homolog (Pten)-deficient mouse RPE, which degenerates due to elevated ROL and that can be rescued by feeding a ROL-free diet. We also identified that RDH gene expression is regulated by forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors, which are inactivated by hyperactive Akt in the Pten-deficient mouse RPE. Together, our findings suggest that a homeostatic pathway comprising PTEN, FOXO, and RDH can protect the RPE from ROL toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Joung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Taejeong Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seungbeom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Han You
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Dhurandhar D, Sahoo NK, Mariappan I, Narayanan R. Gene therapy in retinal diseases: A review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2257-2265. [PMID: 34427196 PMCID: PMC8544052 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3117_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 2 million people worldwide are suffering from gene-related retinal diseases, inherited or acquired, and over 270 genes have been identified which are found to be responsible for these conditions. This review article touches upon the mechanisms of gene therapy, various enzymes of the visual cycle responsible for different genetic diseases, Luxturna—the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic gene product, and several ongoing trials of gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Gene therapy has tremendous potential for retinal conditions due to its ease of accessibility, immune-privileged status, and tight blood-retinal barriers, limiting systemic side effects of the drug. In recent years, advances in gene therapy in retinal conditions have increasing significantly, with progress in cell-specific targeting and transduction efficiency of gene products through the use of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs), suggesting that even greater success in future clinical trials is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven Dhurandhar
- Retina and Uveitis Department, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahoo
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Indumathi Mariappan
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells by a retinoic acid receptor-α agonist. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11842. [PMID: 34088917 PMCID: PMC8178299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells plays a key role in proliferative retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration by contributing to subretinal fibrosis. To investigate the potential role of retinoic acid receptor-α (RAR-α) signaling in this process, we have now examined the effects of the RAR-α agonist Am580 on EMT induced by transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in primary mouse RPE cells cultured in a three-dimensional type I collagen gel as well as on subretinal fibrosis in a mouse model. We found that Am580 inhibited TGF-β2-induced collagen gel contraction mediated by RPE cells. It also attenuated the TGF-β2-induced expression of the mesenchymal markers α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen type I; production of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 2 and interleukin-6; expression of the focal adhesion protein paxillin; and phosphorylation of SMAD2 in the cultured RPE cells. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis showed that Am580 suppressed both the TGF-β2-induced translocation of myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of cultured RPE cells as well as subretinal fibrosis triggered by laser-induced photocoagulation in a mouse model. Our observations thus suggest that RAR-α signaling inhibits EMT in RPE cells and might attenuate the development of fibrosis associated with proliferative retinal diseases.
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11
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Ma JYW, Sze YH, Bian JF, Lam TC. Critical role of mass spectrometry proteomics in tear biomarker discovery for multifactorial ocular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:83. [PMID: 33760148 PMCID: PMC7992922 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tear film is a layer of body fluid that maintains the homeostasis of the ocular surface. The superior accessibility of tears and the presence of a high concentration of functional proteins make tears a potential medium for the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers in ocular diseases. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled determination of an in-depth proteome profile, improved sensitivity, faster acquisition speed, proven variety of acquisition methods, and identification of disease biomarkers previously lacking in the field of ophthalmology. The use of MS allows efficient discovery of tear proteins, generation of reproducible results, and, more importantly, determines changes of protein quantity and post-translation modifications in microliter samples. The present review compared techniques for tear collection, sample preparation, and acquisition applied for the discovery of tear protein markers in normal subjects and multifactorial conditions, including dry eye syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, thyroid eye disease and primary open-angle glaucoma, which require an early diagnosis for treatment. It also summarized the contribution of MS to early discovery by means of disease-related protein markers in tear fluid and the potential for transformation of the tear MS-based proteome to antibody-based assay for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yuen Wuen Ma
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hon Sze
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang Bian
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Zheng S, Huang W, Liu C, Xiao J, Wu R, Wang X, Cai Z, Wu K. Behavioral change and transcriptomics reveal the effects of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether exposure on neurodevelopmental toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) in early life stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141783. [PMID: 32890828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of widely used flame retardants, and their residue in the environment may threaten the ecosystem and human health. The neurodevelopmental toxic effects of PBDEs have been verified in previous studies, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Behavioral analysis and transcriptomics were performed in this study to assess the neurodevelopmental toxic effects of PBDEs on zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the potential mechanisms. The embryos were collected after fertilization and exposed to control (0.05% DMSO), 10, 50, 100 (ug/L) 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) for 7 days. The locomotion parameters of larvae were recorded and analyzed by a behavioral analysis system (EthoVision XT, Noldus). Enrichment of functions and signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by GO and DAVID database. The comparison with the control group showed adverse developments such as low hatching rate, high mortality rate, alterative heart rate, and abnormal spontaneous tail coiling frequency of embryos (24hpf). For the zebrafish larvae, behavioral analyses results suggested decreased activities and movements of the treatment in the light-dark period at 120, 144 and 168hpf, especially the 50 and 100μg/L groups. The affected functions included steroid hormone regulation, neuro regulation, circadian regulation, cardioblast differentiation, immune-related regulation. The enrichment of KEGG pathways were Hedgehog signaling (Shh), Toll-like receptor signaling, FoxO signaling, and Steroid biosynthesis pathway. Hedgehog signaling pathway was further verified via RT-qPCR for its major role in the development of neurogenesis. The mRNA levels of Shh pathway indicated the inhibition of Shh signal in our study since shha, patched1, gli1 and gli2 genes were significantly down-regulated. In summary, PBDEs might influence the neurodevelopment of zebrafish in the early life stage by multiple toxic signaling pathways alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiefeng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruotong Wu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Widjaja-Adhi MAK, Golczak M. The molecular aspects of absorption and metabolism of carotenoids and retinoids in vertebrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158571. [PMID: 31770587 PMCID: PMC7244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient necessary for numerous basic physiological functions, including reproduction and development, immune cell differentiation and communication, as well as the perception of light. To evade the dire consequences of vitamin A deficiency, vertebrates have evolved specialized metabolic pathways that enable the absorption, transport, and storage of vitamin A acquired from dietary sources as preformed retinoids or provitamin A carotenoids. This evolutionary advantage requires a complex interplay between numerous specialized retinoid-transport proteins, receptors, and enzymes. Recent advances in molecular and structural biology resulted in a rapid expansion of our understanding of these processes at the molecular level. This progress opened new avenues for the therapeutic manipulation of retinoid homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current research related to the biochemistry of carotenoid and retinoid-processing proteins with special emphasis on the structural aspects of their physiological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Airanthi K Widjaja-Adhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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Rausch S, Barholz M, Föller M, Feger M. Vitamin A regulates fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110988. [PMID: 32961447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal phosphate and vitamin D metabolism are regulated by proteohormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which is secreted by bone cells. FGF23 inhibits phosphate reabsorption and the production of calcitriol, active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). FGF23 generated by other cells exerts further paracrine effects in the liver, heart, and immune system. The FGF23 plasma concentration is positively associated with the onset and progression of kidney and cardiovascular diseases, disclosing FGF23 as a potential disease biomarker. The effects of vitamin A on the expression of FGF23 are controversial. Vitamin A components, retinoids, are mainly effective through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and exert different effects on bone. The aim of this study was to clarify whether vitamin A modulates the production of FGF23. METHODS We studied the relevance of vitamin A for FGF23 production. Fgf23 transcripts were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in UMR106 osteoblast-like cells and IDG-SW3 osteocytes. FGF23 protein in the cell culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS All-trans-retinoic acid, retinyl acetate, RAR agonist TTNPB (4-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl]benzoic acid), and 13-cis-retinoic acid downregulated the expression of the Fgf23 gene in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was significantly attenuated by RAR antagonist AGN193109 (4-[2-[5,6-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-8-(4-methylphenyl)-2-naphthalenyl]ethynyl]benzoic acid). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that vitamin A is a potent suppressor of FGF23 production through RAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rausch
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michelle Barholz
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Feldman T, Yakovleva M, Viljanen M, Lindström M, Donner K, Ostrovsky M. Dark-adaptation in the eyes of a lake and a sea population of opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta): retinoid isomer dynamics, rhodopsin regeneration, and recovery of light sensitivity. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:871-889. [PMID: 32880702 PMCID: PMC7603447 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied dark-adaptation at three levels in the eyes of the crustacean Mysis relicta over 2-3 weeks after exposing initially dark-adapted animals to strong white light: regeneration of 11-cis retinal through the retinoid cycle (by HPLC), restoration of native rhodopsin in photoreceptor membranes (by MSP), and recovery of eye photosensitivity (by ERG). We compare two model populations ("Sea", Sp, and "Lake", Lp) inhabiting, respectively, a low light and an extremely dark environment. 11-cis retinal reached 60-70% of the pre-exposure levels after 2 weeks in darkness in both populations. The only significant Lp/Sp difference in the retinoid cycle was that Lp had much higher levels of retinol, both basal and light-released. In Sp, rhodopsin restoration and eye photoresponse recovery parallelled 11-cis retinal regeneration. In Lp, however, even after 3 weeks only ca. 25% of the rhabdoms studied had incorporated new rhodopsin, and eye photosensitivity showed only incipient recovery from severe depression. The absorbance spectra of the majority of the Lp rhabdoms stayed constant around 490-500 nm, consistent with metarhodopsin II dominance. We conclude that sensitivity recovery of Sp eyes was rate-limited by the regeneration of 11-cis retinal, whilst that of Lp eyes was limited by inertia in photoreceptor membrane turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Feldman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Marina Yakovleva
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Martta Viljanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnus Lindström
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Donner
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Ostrovsky
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin st. 4, Moscow, Russia, 119334
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16
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Lin B, McLelland BT, Aramant RB, Thomas BB, Nistor G, Keirstead HS, Seiler MJ. Retina Organoid Transplants Develop Photoreceptors and Improve Visual Function in RCS Rats With RPE Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:34. [PMID: 32945842 PMCID: PMC7509771 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study if human embryonic stem cell-derived photoreceptors could survive and function without the support of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after transplantation into Royal College of Surgeons rats, a rat model of retinal degeneration caused by RPE dysfunction. Methods CSC14 human embryonic stem cells were differentiated into primordial eye structures called retinal organoids. Retinal organoids were analyzed by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence and compared with human fetal retina. Retinal organoid sheets (30-70 day of differentiation) were transplanted into immunodeficient RCS rats, aged 44 to 56 days. The development of transplant organoids in vivo in relation to the host was examined by optical coherence tomography. Visual function was assessed by optokinetic testing, electroretinogram, and superior colliculus electrophysiologic recording. Cryostat sections were analyzed for various retinal, synaptic, and donor markers. Results Retinal organoids showed similar gene expression to human fetal retina transplanted rats demonstrated significant improvement in visual function compared with RCS nonsurgery and sham surgery controls by ERGs at 2 months after surgery (but not later), optokinetic testing (up to 6 months after surgery) and electrophysiologic superior colliculus recordings (6-8 months after surgery). The transplanted organoids survived more than 7 months; developed photoreceptors with inner and outer segments, and other retinal cells; and were well-integrated within the host. Conclusions This study, to our knowledge, is the first to show that transplanted photoreceptors survive and function even with host's dysfunctional RPE. Our findings suggest that transplantation of organoid sheets from stem cells may be a promising approach/therapeutic for blinding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Bryce T. McLelland
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Robert B. Aramant
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Biju B. Thomas
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Gabriel Nistor
- AIVITA Biomedical Inc., Irvine, California, United States
| | | | - Magdalene J. Seiler
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
- Ophthalmology, University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
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17
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Short-Wavelength and Near-Infrared Autofluorescence in Patients with Deficiencies of the Visual Cycle and Phototransduction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8998. [PMID: 32488013 PMCID: PMC7265524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundus autofluorescence is a valuable imaging tool in the diagnosis of inherited retinal dystrophies. With the advent of gene therapy and the numerous ongoing clinical trials for inherited retinal degenerations, quantifiable and reliable outcome measurements continually need to be identified. In this retrospective analysis, normalized and non-normalized short-wavelength (SW-AF) and near-infrared (NIR-AF) autofluorescence images of ten patients with mutations in visual cycle (VC) genes and nineteen patients with mutations in phototransduction (PT) genes were analyzed. Normalized SW-AF and NIR-AF images appeared darker in all patients with mutations in the VC as compared to patients with mutations in PT despite the use of significantly higher detector settings for image acquisition in the former group. These findings were corroborated by quantitative analysis of non-normalized SW-AF and NIR-AF images; signal intensities were significantly lower in all patients with mutations in VC genes as compared to those with mutations in PT genes. We conclude that qualitative and quantitative SW-AF and NIR-AF images can serve as biomarkers of deficiencies specific to the VC. Additionally, quantitative autofluorescence may have potential for use as an outcome measurement to detect VC activity in conjunction with future therapies for patients with mutations in the VC.
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Abstract
Vitamin A and derivatives, the natural retinoids, underpin signaling pathways of cellular differentiation, and are key chromophores in vision. These functions depend on transfer across membranes, and carrier proteins to shuttle retinoids to specific cell compartments. Natural retinoids, ultimately derived from plant carotenoids by metabolism to all-trans retinol, are lipophilic and consist of a cyclohexenyl (β-ionone) moiety linked to a polyene chain. This structure constrains the orientation of retinoids within lipid membranes. Cis-trans isomerization at double bonds of the polyene chain and s-cis/s-trans rotational isomerization at single bonds define the functional dichotomy of retinoids (signaling/vision) and specificities of interactions with specific carrier proteins and receptors. Metabolism of all-trans retinol to 11-cis retinal, transfer to photoreceptors, and removal and recycling of all-trans retinal generated by photoreceptor irradiation, is the key process underlying vision. All-trans retinol transferred into cells is metabolized to all-trans retinoic acid and shuttled to the cell nucleus to regulate gene expression controlling organ, tissue and cell differentiation, and cellular homeostasis. Research methods need to address the potential of photoisomerization in vitro to confound research results, and data should be interpreted in the context of membrane-association properties of retinoids and physiological concentrations in vivo. Despite a century of research, there are many fundamental questions of retinoid cellular biochemistry and molecular biology still to be answered. Computational modeling techniques will have an important role for understanding the nuances of vitamin A signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P F Redfern
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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19
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Leber congenital amaurosis in a young female. JAAPA 2019; 32:1-4. [PMID: 31567747 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000580540.26228.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis is a rare congenital disorder caused by a mutation in any of several different genes that causes rod-cone dystrophy and may eventually lead to blindness. Characteristic findings on fundoscopic examination include retinal pigment migration and macular atrophy. Confirmation can be obtained using electroretinograms and the specific gene can be identified with genetic testing. No treatment is available, but multiple clinical trials are underway.
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Sarkar H, Moosajee M. Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12): Role in vision, retinal disease and future perspectives. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107793. [PMID: 31505163 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is an NADPH-dependent retinal reductase, which is expressed in the inner segments of the photoreceptors. It functions as part of the visual cycle, which is a series of enzymatic reactions required for the regeneration of the visual pigment, and has also been implicated in detoxification of lipid peroxidation products. Mutations in RDH12 have been linked to Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. A number of in-vitro studies have shown that mutations in RDH12 result in little or no enzyme activity. Knockout mouse models however do not recapitulate the severe phenotype observed in patients, resulting in a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. With gene replacement and small molecule drugs emerging for inherited retinal dystrophies, herein we provide a review of RDH12 structure, its role in vision and the current understanding of disease mechanisms linked to clinical phenotype to support therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Sarkar
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK; Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
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21
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Nedelec B, Rozet JM, Fares Taie L. Genetic architecture of retinoic-acid signaling-associated ocular developmental defects. Hum Genet 2019; 138:937-955. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Liu B, Calton MA, Abell NS, Benchorin G, Gloudemans MJ, Chen M, Hu J, Li X, Balliu B, Bok D, Montgomery SB, Vollrath D. Genetic analyses of human fetal retinal pigment epithelium gene expression suggest ocular disease mechanisms. Commun Biol 2019; 2:186. [PMID: 31123710 PMCID: PMC6527609 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) serves vital roles in ocular development and retinal homeostasis but has limited representation in large-scale functional genomics datasets. Understanding how common human genetic variants affect RPE gene expression could elucidate the sources of phenotypic variability in selected monogenic ocular diseases and pinpoint causal genes at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci. We interrogated the genetics of gene expression of cultured human fetal RPE (fRPE) cells under two metabolic conditions and discovered hundreds of shared or condition-specific expression or splice quantitative trait loci (e/sQTLs). Co-localizations of fRPE e/sQTLs with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and myopia GWAS data suggest new candidate genes, and mechanisms by which a common RDH5 allele contributes to both increased AMD risk and decreased myopia risk. Our study highlights the unique transcriptomic characteristics of fRPE and provides a resource to connect e/sQTLs in a critical ocular cell type to monogenic and complex eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Liu
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Melissa A. Calton
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nathan S. Abell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Gillie Benchorin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Michael J. Gloudemans
- Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305 CA USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jane Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095 CA USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Dean Bok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095 CA USA
| | - Stephen B. Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Douglas Vollrath
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Liou JC, Yang SL, Wang PH, Wu JL, Huang YP, Chen BY, Lee MC. Protective effect of crocin against the declining of high spatial frequency-based visual performance in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Darbani B, Kell DB, Borodina I. Energetic evolution of cellular Transportomes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:418. [PMID: 29848286 PMCID: PMC5977736 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transporter proteins mediate the translocation of substances across the membranes of living cells. Many transport processes are energetically expensive and the cells use 20 to 60% of their energy to power the transportomes. We hypothesized that there may be an evolutionary selection pressure for lower energy transporters. RESULTS We performed a genome-wide analysis of the compositional reshaping of the transportomes across the kingdoms of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. We found that the share of ABC transporters is much higher in bacteria and archaea (ca. 27% of the transportome) than in primitive eukaryotes (13%), algae and plants (10%) and in fungi and animals (5-6%). This decrease is compensated by an increased occurrence of secondary transporters and ion channels. The share of ion channels is particularly high in animals (ca. 30% of the transportome) and algae and plants with (ca. 13%), when compared to bacteria and archaea with only 6-7%. Therefore, our results show a move to a preference for the low-energy-demanding transporters (ion channels and carriers) over the more energy-costly transporter classes (ATP-dependent families, and ABCs in particular) as part of the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The transportome analysis also indicated seven bacterial species, including Neorickettsia risticii and Neorickettsia sennetsu, as likely origins of the mitochondrion in eukaryotes, based on the phylogenetically restricted presence therein of clear homologues of modern mitochondrial solute carriers. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the transportomes of eukaryotes evolved strongly towards a higher energetic efficiency, as ATP-dependent transporters diminished and secondary transporters and ion channels proliferated. These changes have likely been important in the development of tissues performing energetically costly cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Darbani
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Verbakel SK, van Huet RAC, Boon CJF, den Hollander AI, Collin RWJ, Klaver CCW, Hoyng CB, Roepman R, Klevering BJ. Non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 66:157-186. [PMID: 29597005 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) encompasses a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by the primary degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. RP is a leading cause of visual disability, with a worldwide prevalence of 1:4000. Although the majority of RP cases are non-syndromic, 20-30% of patients with RP also have an associated non-ocular condition. RP typically manifests with night blindness in adolescence, followed by concentric visual field loss, reflecting the principal dysfunction of rod photoreceptors; central vision loss occurs later in life due to cone dysfunction. Photoreceptor function measured with an electroretinogram is markedly reduced or even absent. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging show a progressive loss of outer retinal layers and altered lipofuscin distribution in a characteristic pattern. Over the past three decades, a vast number of disease-causing variants in more than 80 genes have been associated with non-syndromic RP. The wide heterogeneity of RP makes it challenging to describe the clinical findings and pathogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of RP specific to genetically defined patient subsets. We supply a unique atlas with color fundus photographs of most RP subtypes, and we discuss the relevant considerations with respect to differential diagnoses. In addition, we discuss the genes involved in the pathogenesis of RP, as well as the retinal processes that are affected by pathogenic mutations in these genes. Finally, we review management strategies for patients with RP, including counseling, visual rehabilitation, and current and emerging therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne K Verbakel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon A C van Huet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Jeroen Klevering
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Tian J, Liu J, Li J, Zheng J, Chen L, Wang Y, Liu Q, Ni J. The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:7. [PMID: 29410696 PMCID: PMC5778809 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenoprotein F (SELENOF, was named as 15-kDa selenoprotein) has been reported to play important roles in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and carcinogenesis. However, the biological function of SELENOF is still unclear. Methods A yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the interactive protein of SELENOF in a human fetal brain cDNA library. The interaction between SELENOF and interactive protein was validated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and pull-down assays. The production of retinol was detected by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Results Retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) was found to interact with SELENOF. RDH11 is an enzyme for the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A). The production of retinol was decreased by SELENOF overexpression, resulting in more retinaldehyde. Conclusions SELENOF interacts with RDH11 and blocks its enzyme activity to reduce all-trans-retinaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- 1College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jiapan Liu
- 1College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- 2College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jingxin Zheng
- 3College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Lifang Chen
- 4Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- 1College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Qiong Liu
- 1College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- 1College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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27
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Thyroid-associated orbitopathy and tears: A proteomics study. J Proteomics 2018; 170:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Piersma AH, Hessel EV, Staal YC. Retinoic acid in developmental toxicology: Teratogen, morphogen and biomarker. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:53-61. [PMID: 28591664 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the usefulness retinoic acid (RA) related physiological factors as possible biomarkers of embryotoxicity. RA is involved in the morphogenesis of the early embryo as well as in the development and maturation of a wide variety of organ anlagen. The region-specific homeostasis of RA in the embryo is in many ways the driving force determining developmental cell proliferation versus differentiation. As a consequence, RA concentrations are carefully controlled in time and space in the developing embryo. RA deficiency and overdosing both result in characteristic patterns of malformations that may involve many different organ systems. The central role of RA in embryo development provides us with a set of sensitive biomarkers that may be employed in developmental toxicity testing. This includes the synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes of RA, but also a myriad of related morphogenetic factors and their genes, of which the expression may be affected by changes in RA balance. Several examples of embryotoxicants interfering with the homeostasis of RA and related parameters have been described. A preliminary adverse outcome pathway framework for RA mediated malformations has been published. Expansion of this framework and its application in developmental toxicity testing may allow the detection of a large variety of embryotoxicants with diverse modes of action. RA homeostasis therefore provides a promising set of molecular tools that may be employed in the advancement of mode of action driven animal-free developmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldert H Piersma
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen V Hessel
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C Staal
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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29
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Xue Y, Sato S, Razafsky D, Sahu B, Shen SQ, Potter C, Sandell LL, Corbo JC, Palczewski K, Maeda A, Hodzic D, Kefalov VJ. The role of retinol dehydrogenase 10 in the cone visual cycle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2390. [PMID: 28539612 PMCID: PMC5443843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment regeneration is critical for the function of cone photoreceptors in bright and rapidly-changing light conditions. This process is facilitated by the recently-characterized retina visual cycle, in which Müller cells recycle spent all-trans-retinol visual chromophore back to 11-cis-retinol. This 11-cis-retinol is oxidized selectively in cones to the 11-cis-retinal used for pigment regeneration. However, the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), upregulated in rod/cone hybrid retinas and expressed abundantly in Müller cells, is the enzyme that drives this reaction. We created mice lacking RDH10 either in cone photoreceptors, Müller cells, or the entire retina. In vivo electroretinography and transretinal recordings revealed normal cone photoresponses in all RDH10-deficient mouse lines. Notably, their cone-driven dark adaptation both in vivo and in isolated retina was unaffected, indicating that RDH10 is not required for the function of the retina visual cycle. We also generated transgenic mice expressing RDH10 ectopically in rod cells. However, rod dark adaptation was unaffected by the expression of RDH10 and transgenic rods were unable to use cis-retinol for pigment regeneration. We conclude that RDH10 is not the dominant retina 11-cis-RDH, leaving its primary function in the retina unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - David Razafsky
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
- MilliporeSigma, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Bhubanananda Sahu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Susan Q Shen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Chloe Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Joseph C Corbo
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Vladimir J Kefalov
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.
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