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Crommen S, Rheinwalt KP, Plamper A, Rösler D, Weinhold L, Metzner C, Egert S. Prognostic Characteristics of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver in Patients with Obesity Who Undergo One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Data. Nutrients 2024; 16:3210. [PMID: 39339810 PMCID: PMC11435136 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Identifying characteristics that predict a higher risk of fibrosis using noninvasive methods is particularly important. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data from an RCT of 48 patients after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) surgery, supplemented with specifically formulated probiotics and micronutrients or control treatment for 12 weeks. Patients were categorized using alanine aminotransferase (ALAT; >35 U/L for women, >50 U/L for men), higher NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) > -1.455), and IR (HOMA-IR > 2.0). This trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT03585413). RESULTS Abnormal ALAT was associated with high triglycerides, blood pressure (BP), glucose, and fatty liver index (FLI). NFS > -1.455 was linked to higher age, body mass, waist circumference, and FLI, and lower albumin and platelet count. HOMA-IR > 2.0 was associated with higher BP and triglycerides, lower HDL-cholesterol, higher serum transaminases, and higher probabilities of steatosis and fibrosis. Twelve weeks postoperatively, patients with NFS > -1.455 showed greater reductions in body mass, systolic BP, serum insulin, and HbA1c, whereas those with NFS ≤ -1.455 showed improvements in FLI and lipid metabolism but had high glucose concentrations. Patients with HOMA-IR ≤ 2.0 also had high glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of common biomarker scores for fibrosis and IR may help clinicians to recognize severe NAFLD and improve the outcomes of OAGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Crommen
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Peter Rheinwalt
- Department of Bariatric, Metabolic and Plastic Surgery, Cellitinnen-Krankenhaus St. Franziskus Cologne, 50825 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Plamper
- Department of Bariatric, Metabolic and Plastic Surgery, Cellitinnen-Krankenhaus St. Franziskus Cologne, 50825 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Rösler
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r.A., 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Metzner
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r.A., 50935 Cologne, Germany
- Medical Clinic III-Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Internal Intensive Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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Stachowicz A, Czepiel K, Wiśniewska A, Stachyra K, Ulatowska-Białas M, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Surmiak M, Majka G, Kuś K, Wood ME, Torregrossa R, Whiteman M, Olszanecki R. Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor reduces fatty liver and obesity in mice fed a high fat diet by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis and inflammation via mTOR/SREBP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 209:107428. [PMID: 39303773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases that include obesity and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are a rapidly growing worldwide public health problem. The pathogenesis of MAFLD includes abnormally increased lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mounting evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important player in the liver, regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. However, direct delivery of H2S to mitochondria has not been investigated as a therapeutic strategy in obesity-related metabolic disorders. Therefore, our aim was to comprehensively evaluate the influence of prolonged treatment with a mitochondria sulfide delivery molecule (AP39) on the development of fatty liver and obesity in a high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Our results demonstrated that AP39 reduced hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice, which was corresponded with decreased triglyceride content. Furthermore, treatment with AP39 downregulated pathways related to biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, lipoprotein assembly and PPAR signaling. It also led to a decrease in hepatic de novo lipogenesis by downregulating mTOR/SREBP-1/SCD1 pathway. Moreover, AP39 administration alleviated obesity in HFD-fed mice, which was reflected by reduced weight of mice and adipose tissue, decreased leptin levels in the plasma and upregulated expression of adipose triglyceride lipase in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Finally, AP39 reduced inflammation in the liver and eWAT measured as the expression of proinflammatory markers (Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Mcp1), which was due to downregulated mTOR/NF-κB pathway. Taken together, mitochondria-targeted sulfide delivery molecules could potentially provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment/prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stachowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Czepiel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ulatowska-Białas
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mark E Wood
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Chen C, Dong J, Liu H, Ma T, Sun Y. Associations between dietary iron intake from different sources and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2024; 33:413-423. [PMID: 38965729 PMCID: PMC11389813 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202409_33(3).0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide public health problem. Current evidence on the association between dietary iron intake and the risk of NAFLD is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of animal-derived dietary iron (ADDI) intake, plant-derived dietary iron (PDDI) intake, and the ratio of PDDI:ADDI with NAFLD risk among U.S. adult population. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This was a repeated cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. NAFLD was defined as a United States Fatty Lives Index ≥30, and dietary iron intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall in-terviews. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to examine the associations between dietary iron intake from different sources and NAFLD risk. RESULTS A total of 9478 participants aged ≥20 years were enrolled in the present study. After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, relative to the lowest quartile, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of NAFLD for the highest quartile was 1.01(95% CI, 0.82-1.24) for ADDI intake, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.64-0.99) for PDDI intake, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.81-1.24) for the PDDI: ADDI intake ratio. In stratified analysis by sex and age, the significantly negative associations of PDDI intake with NAFLD was observed in women and participants older than 45 years. Dose-response analyses indicated that NAFLD was negatively associated with PDDI intake in a non-linear manner. CONCLUSIONS PDDI intake was negatively associated with NAFLD in U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjing Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhong Dong
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Community Health Service Center, Shibei District, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yongye Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Afonso MB, David JC, Alves MI, Santos AA, Campino G, Ratziu V, Gautheron J, Rodrigues CMP. Intricate interplay between cell metabolism and necroptosis regulation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A narrative review. Metabolism 2024; 158:155975. [PMID: 39004396 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompasses a progressive spectrum of liver conditions, ranging from steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, characterised by hepatocellular death and inflammation, potentially progressing to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. In both experimental and human MASLD, necroptosis-a regulated immunogenic necrotic cell death pathway-is triggered, yet its exact role in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Noteworthy, necroptosis-related signalling pathways are emerging as key players in metabolic reprogramming, including lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. Additionally, metabolic dysregulation is a well-established contributor to MASLD development and progression. This review explores the intricate interplay between cell metabolism and necroptosis regulation and its impact on MASLD pathogenesis. Understanding these cellular events may offer new insights into the complexity of MASLD pathophysiology, potentially uncovering therapeutic opportunities and unforeseen metabolic consequences of targeting necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bento Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jan Caira David
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Isabel Alves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Anastácio Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Campino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Hepatology, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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Frumuzachi O, Gavrilaș LI, Vodnar DC, Rohn S, Mocan A. Systemic Health Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1040. [PMID: 39334699 PMCID: PMC11428715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause 41 million deaths annually, accounting for 74% of global fatalities. The so-called Mediterranean diet, with its especially significant consumption of olive oil, has shown promising results in reducing the risk of developing NCDs, such as cardiovascular, liver, or bone diseases. In the context of the nutritional health benefits of foods, phenolic compounds such as olive oil's main components, oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT), have been shown to possess different beneficial effects. However, no systematic review has evaluated the health-promoting effects of OLE and HT until now. Consequently, this systematic review analyzed 12 human randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving 683 participants, to assess the effects of supplements, pure compounds, or enriched foods containing OLE and HT regarding systemic health outcomes, including CVD risk factors, liver parameters, and bone, joint, and cognitive health. The review found contrasting but encouraging results, with some studies reporting significant modulation of body weight, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism, and improvements in bone, joint, and cognitive functions. The studies described different dosages and forms of supplementation, ranging from 5 mg/d HT to 990 mL/d olive leaf infusion (320.8 mg OLE and 11.9 mg HT), highlighting the need for further research to determine the optimal dosing and duration. Despite the mixed outcomes, OLE and HT supplementation show potential for improving some of the cardiometabolic health outcomes and bone, joint, and cognitive health. However, further studies are necessary to understand their benefits better and address existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Frumuzachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.F.); (A.M.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Ioana Gavrilaș
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.F.); (A.M.)
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Comeglio P, Guarnieri G, Filippi S, Cellai I, Acciai G, Holyer I, Zetterberg F, Leffler H, Kahl-Knutson B, Sarchielli E, Morelli A, Maggi M, Slack RJ, Vignozzi L. The galectin-3 inhibitor selvigaltin reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis in a high fat diet rabbit model of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1430109. [PMID: 39144627 PMCID: PMC11322497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1430109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galectin-3 is a pro-fibrotic β-galactoside binding lectin highly expressed in fibrotic liver and implicated in hepatic fibrosis. Selvigaltin (previously known as GB1211) is a novel orally active galectin-3 small molecule inhibitor that has high affinity for galectin-3 (human KD = 25 nM; rabbit KD = 12 nM) and high oral bioavailability in rabbits and man. In this study the efficacy of selvigaltin was investigated in a high fat diet (HFD) rabbit model of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Methods Male New Zealand White rabbits were individually caged under standard conditions in a temperature and humidity-controlled room on a 12 h light/darkness cycle. After 1 week of regular diet (RD), rabbits were randomly assigned for 8 or 12 weeks to different groups: RD/vehicle, RD/selvigaltin, HFD (8 weeks), HFD/vehicle and HFD/selvigaltin (0.3, 1.0, 5.0 or 30 mg/kg selvigaltin with vehicle/selvigaltin p.o. dosed therapeutically q.d. 5 days per week from week 9 or 12). Liver inflammation, steatosis, ballooning, and fibrosis was measured via blood metabolic markers, histomorphological evaluation [Oil Red O, Giemsa, Masson's trichome, picrosirius red (PSR) and second harmonic generation (SHG)], and mRNA and protein expression. Results Steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis were all increased from RD to HFD/vehicle groups. Selvigaltin demonstrated target engagement by significantly decreasing galectin-3 levels in the liver as measured via immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis. Selvigaltin dose-dependently reduced biomarkers of liver function (AST, ALT, bilirubin), inflammation (cells foci), and fibrosis (PSR, SHG), as well as decreasing the mRNA and protein expression of several key inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers (e.g., IL6, TGFβ3, SNAI2, collagen). Doses of 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg demonstrated consistent efficacy across most biological endpoints supporting the current clinical doses of selvigaltin being investigated in liver disease. Discussion Selvigaltin significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in an HFD rabbit model of MASH following therapeutic dosing for 4 weeks in a dose-dependent manner. These data support the human selvigaltin dose of 100 mg b.i.d. that has been shown to reduce key liver biomarkers during a clinical study in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Comeglio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cellai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Acciai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB), Rome, Italy
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Padeniya P, Premawardhena A. Obesity, liver steatosis and metabolic syndrome: The hidden enemies in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:28-29. [PMID: 38744440 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In their paper, the authors quantified liver iron concentration (LIC) and hepatic steatosis (HS) using MRI-T2* technology in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia (TDT) patients and healthy controls and found that the prevalence of HS among patients with TDT was 36.4%. In comparison with healthy controls, the hepatic fat fraction (FF) was significantly higher in the TDT population (p = 0.013). Active hepatitis C virus infection, body mass index (BMI) and LIC were independent predictors of HS. An inverse correlation between hepatic FF and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.042) and a significant association of high glycaemia level (p = 0.037) with higher hepatic FF and a significant relationship (p = 0.026) between HS and higher BMI (though in a 'lean' group of patients) in TDT patients indicated that 'metabolic syndrome' was present in this subset with TDT. The impact of metabolic syndrome on TDT, including cardiac disease unrelated to iron overload, needs further study. Commentary on: Ricchi et al. Liver steatosis in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 2024;204:2458-2467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmapani Padeniya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- Adolescent and Adult Thalassaemia Care Center (University Medical Unit), North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Kadawatha, Sri Lanka
| | - Anuja Premawardhena
- Adolescent and Adult Thalassaemia Care Center (University Medical Unit), North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Kadawatha, Sri Lanka
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Dehghani Firouzabadi M, Poopak A, Sheikhy A, Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Moosaie F, Rabizadeh S, Momtazmanesh S, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Endocrinol 2024; 2024:5328965. [PMID: 38962375 PMCID: PMC11221952 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5328965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods and Results In this prospective cohort study, 1197 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were divided into two groups (360 patients with NAFLD and 847 without NAFLD) and were followed for a median of 5 years for the incidence of CVD. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between NAFLD, liver enzyme level, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and the incidence risk of CVD and its subgroups (i.e., myocardial infarction, chronic heart disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, and percutaneous coronary intervention). There was a significant positive association between CVD incidence and NAFLD (HR = 1.488, 95% CI = 1.041-2.124, p value = 0.029). Although patients with NAFLD had higher levels of ALT and AST levels (p value = <0.001), there was no significant association between liver enzymes and the incidence risk of CVD when adjusted for different variables. Furthermore, NAFLD was associated with NAFLD APRI Q (2), APRI Q (3), and APRIQ (4) (1.365 (1.046-1.781), 1.623 (1.234-2.135), and 3.373 (2.509-4.536)), respectively. Conclusion NAFLD increased the incidence risk of CVD in T2D. However, there was no association between liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK-P, and GGT) and a higher incidence risk of CVD in T2D when adjusted for confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dehghani Firouzabadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Poopak
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhy
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesClinical CenterNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesClinical CenterNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Fatemeh Moosaie
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Rabizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC)Vali-Asr HospitalTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao G, Shi R, Ma M, Lin H, Zhang J, Sheng B. Elevated LDL-c may warn of the risk of gallbladder stones in the patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A case-control study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102363. [PMID: 38703815 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the development of new-onset gallbladder stone disease (GSD) and to identify factors that influence the occurrence of new-onset GSD in patients with MASLD. METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, patients who underwent asymptomatic GSD screening during annual routine health check-ups at two hospitals in China between August 2017 and July 2022 were included. Patients with new-onset GSD and controls without GSD were matched 1:1 based on age, sex, race, occupation, diet, drinking habits, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels. RESULTS The study comprised 1200 patients with new-onset GSD and 1200 controls without GSD. Patients with new-onset GSD had higher rates of MASLD (33.8% vs. 22.2 %, P < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (12.6% vs. 7.2 %, P < 0.001) compared to controls. Waist circumference (WC) (OR = 1.042, 95 % CI: 1.022-1.063, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR = 0.048, 95 % CI: 0.037-0.062, P < 0.001), triglycerides (OR = 0.819, 95 % CI: 0.699-0.958, P = 0.013), and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 5.023, 95 % CI: 2.735-9.225, P < 0.001) were independently associated with new-onset GSD. Among patients with MASLD, WC (OR = 1.075, 95 % CI: 1.026-1.127, P = 0.003), total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 2.094, 95 % CI: 1.259-3.484, P = 0.004), HDL-c (OR = 0.088, 95 % CI: 0.054-0.142, P < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR = 4.056, 95 % CI: 2.669-6.163, P < 0.001) were independently associated with new-onset GSD. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that hypercholesterolemia is independently associated with GSD. Among patients with MASLD, hypercholesterolemia also showed an independent association with GSD. Notably, this study is the first to identify serum LDL-c levels as potentially the most significant risk factor for GSD, highlighting that elevated LDL-c could serve as an important indicator for individuals with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Zhao
- Department of Physical Examination and Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ran'geng Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mao Ma
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hairong Lin
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jianqin Zhang
- Shaanxi Nutrition Society, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Binwu Sheng
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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10
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BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA, Al-Sanea EA, AlTamimi JZ, Aldayel TS. Resveratrol attenuates against high-fat-diet-promoted non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats mainly by targeting the miR-34a/SIRT1 axis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:300-315. [PMID: 35254877 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2046106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated if miR-34a/SIRT1 signalling mediates the anti-hepatosteatotic effect of resveratrol (RSV) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed rats. Rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6/each) as control, control + miR-34a agomir negative control, HFD, HFD + miR-34a, HFD + RSV, HFD + RSV + Ex-527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor), and HFD + RSV + miR-34a agomir. After 8 weeks, RSV suppressed dyslipidemia, lowered fasting glucose and insulin levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. These effects were associated with hepatic downregulation of SREBP1 and SREBP2, upregulation of PPARα, and acetylation of Nrf2 (activation) and NF-κβ p65 (inhibition). Also, RSV reduced the transcription of miR-34a and increased the nuclear localisation of SIRT1 in the livers, muscles, and adipose tissues of HFD-fed rats. All these effects were prevented by EX-527 and miR-34a agmir. In conclusion, RSV prevents HFD-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by suppressing miR-34a-induced activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram A Al-Sanea
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Jozaa Z AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahany S Aldayel
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Fakhoury-Sayegh N, Hamdan A, Lebbos S, Itani T, Trak-Smayra V, Khazzaka A, Dagher-Hamalian C, Sayegh LN, Mallah M, Obeid O, Sayegh R. Spirulina ( Arthrospira platensis) Improved Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Characteristics and Microbiota and Did Not Affect Organ Fibrosis Induced by a Fructose-Enriched Diet in Wistar Male Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1701. [PMID: 38892633 PMCID: PMC11174493 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is reported to play a role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota (IM). To study spirulina's effects in the improvement of NAFLD characteristics, IM, and pancreatic-renal lesions induced by a fructose-enriched diet, 40 Wistar healthy male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into four groups of 10, and each rat per group was assigned a diet of equal quantities (20 g/day) for 18 weeks. The first control group (CT) was fed a standardized diet, the second group received a 40% fructose-enriched diet (HFr), and the third (HFr-S5) and fourth groups (HFr-S10) were assigned the same diet composition as the second group but enriched with 5% and 10% spirulina, respectively. At week 18, the HFr-S10 group maintained its level of serum triglycerides and had the lowest liver fat between the groups. At the phylae and family level, and for the same period, the HFr-S10 group had the lowest increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the Ruminococcaceae and the highest fecal alpha diversity compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that at a 10% concentration, spirulina could be used in nutritional intervention to improve IM, fatty liver, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Aya Hamdan
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Sarah Lebbos
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Tarek Itani
- Laboratory of Enteric Virus Infections, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «Virome», Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 620030 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Viviane Trak-Smayra
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Aline Khazzaka
- Department of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Department of Pathology, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon;
| | - Lea Nicole Sayegh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - May Mallah
- Department of Microbiology Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Raymond Sayegh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Damascus Street, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon;
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12
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Lee H, Cho S, Kim D, Lee T, Kim HS. Bioelectric medicine: unveiling the therapeutic potential of micro-current stimulation. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:367-392. [PMID: 38645592 PMCID: PMC11026362 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-024-00366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioelectric medicine (BEM) refers to the use of electrical signals to modulate the electrical activity of cells and tissues in the body for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we particularly focused on the microcurrent stimulation (MCS), because, this can take place at the cellular level with sub-sensory application unlike other stimuli. These extremely low-level currents mimic the body's natural electrical activity and are believed to promote various physiological processes. To date, MCS has limited use in the field of BEM with applications in several therapeutic purposes. However, recent studies provide hopeful signs that MCS is more scalable and widely applicable than what has been used so far. Therefore, this review delves into the landscape of MCS, shedding light on the multifaceted applications and untapped potential of MCS in the realm of healthcare. Particularly, we summarized the hierarchical mediation from cell to whole body responses by MCS including its physiological applications. Our final objective of this review is to contribute to the growing body of literature that unveils the captivating potential of BEM, with MCS poised at the intersection of technological innovation and the intricacies of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Gangwon 26493 South Korea
| | - Seungkwan Cho
- Gfyhealth Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488 South Korea
| | - Doyong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Gangwon 26493 South Korea
| | - Taehyun Lee
- Gfyhealth Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488 South Korea
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Gangwon 26493 South Korea
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13
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Li Y, Qi P, Song SY, Wang Y, Wang H, Cao P, Liu Y, Wang Y. Elucidating cuproptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116585. [PMID: 38615611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) up until January 2024 has highlighted the critical role of cuproptosis, a unique cell death mechanism triggered by copper overload, in the disease's development. This connection offers new insights into MASLD's complex pathogenesis, pointing to copper accumulation as a key factor that disrupts lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The identification of cuproptosis as a significant contributor to MASLD underscores the potential for targeting copper-mediated pathways for novel therapeutic approaches. This promising avenue suggests that managing copper levels could mitigate MASLD progression, offering a fresh perspective on treatment strategies. Further investigations into how cuproptosis influences MASLD are essential for unraveling the detailed mechanisms at play and for identifying effective interventions. The focus on copper's role in liver health opens up the possibility of developing targeted therapies that address the underlying causes of MASLD, moving beyond symptomatic treatment to tackle the root of the problem. The exploration of cuproptosis in the context of MASLD exemplifies the importance of understanding metal homeostasis in metabolic diseases and represents a significant step forward in the quest for more effective treatments. This research direction lights path for innovative MASLD management and reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Liu G, Wang YH, Zhang T, Li YQ, Chen XY, Dong W, Li W, Miao QX, Qiao WB, Tian HQ, Yin SL. Astragaloside-IV promotes autophagy via the Akt/mTOR pathway to improve cellular lipid deposition. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37846. [PMID: 38640324 PMCID: PMC11030007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in improving cellular lipid deposition and its underlying mechanism. A fatty liver cell model was established by treating hepatoma cells with palmitic acid. AS-IV and SC79 were used for treatment. Oil Red O staining was applied to detect intracellular lipid deposition, and transmission electron microscopy was utilized to assess autophagosome formation. Immunofluorescence double staining was applied to determine microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) expression. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of LC3, prostacyclin, Beclin-1, V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt), phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR. Oil Red O staining revealed that AS-IV reduced intracellular lipid accumulation. Further, it increased autophagosome synthesis and the expression of autophagy proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 in the cells. It also reduced the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR and the levels of prostacyclin. However, the effects of AS-IV decreased with SC79 treatment. In addition, LC3B + BODIPY493/503 fluorescence double staining showed that AS-IV reduced intracellular lipid deposition levels by enhancing autophagy. AS-IV can reduce lipid aggregation in fatty liver cells, which can be related to enhanced hepatocyte autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye-Hui Wang
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Li
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Miao
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Bo Qiao
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Tian
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi-Long Yin
- Qionglai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionglai, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Moriyama K. Prediction and Validation of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Using Fatty Liver-Related Indices in a Japanese Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:190-198. [PMID: 38153394 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed. It is uncertain how indices that predict fatty liver are associated with MAFLD in Japanese. Methods: Among subjects who underwent a health examination at our hospital, 1257 (men: 787, women: 474) subjects participated in fatty liver evaluation of the fatty liver index (FLI) and fatty liver predicting index (FLPI) were included in this cross-sectional study. The discriminatory ability of each index for MAFLD was tested using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The association between FLI, FLPI, and MAFLD was investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: FLI and FLPI had good discriminatory ability for identifying MAFLD in both men and women, with specific cutoff values. Both FLI and FLPI were significantly higher in subjects with MAFLD, and the odds of MAFLD were higher among those in the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile in both men and women. FLI and FLPI were higher in subjects who met the criteria for both MAFLD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to those who had MAFLD or MetS alone, and most of the examined parameters in subjects with both conditions indicated a high metabolic risk profile. Conclusions: The study suggests that FLI and FLPI are valuable tools for predicting MAFLD and are similarly correlated with the disease. Furthermore, the highest values of these indices were observed in subjects who met the criteria for both MAFLD and MetS, emphasizing the importance of considering both conditions when assessing metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Khamseh ME, Malek M, Jahangiri S, Nobarani S, Hekmatdoost A, Salavatizadeh M, Soltanieh S, Chehrehgosha H, Taheri H, Montazeri Z, Attaran F, Ismail-Beigi F, Alaei-Shahmiri F. Insulin Resistance/Sensitivity Measures as Screening Indicators of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1430-1443. [PMID: 38438774 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of insulin resistance (IR)/sensitivity (IS) are emerging tools to identify metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the comprehensive assessment of the performance of various indicators is limited. Moreover, the utility of measures of IR/IS in detecting liver fibrosis remains unclear. AIMS To evaluate the predictive ability of seventeen IR/IS and two beta cell function indices to identify MAFLD and liver fibrosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 25-75 years. Transient elastography was used to estimate liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter. The following measures were computed: homeostatic model assessment (HOMA/HOMA2) for IR, IS, and beta cell function; QUICKI; Bennett index; glucose/insulin; FIRI; McAuley index; Reynaud index; SPISE index; TyG; TyG-BMI; TyG-WC; TyG-WHtR; TG/HDL; and METS-IR. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, gender, diabetes status, and body weight. RESULTS A total of 644 individuals were included in our analysis. MAFLD and significant liver fibrosis were detected in 320 (49.7%) and 80 (12.4%) of the participants, respectively. All measures of IR/IS identified MAFLD and liver fibrosis. However, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR were the top three indicators that identified MAFLD. Measures that include insulin level in their mathematical calculation, namely, Raynaud index, HOMA-IR, HOMA 2-IR, FIRI, and QUICKI had the best performance in identifying liver fibrosis in the entire population, as well as among the study subgroups. CONCLUSIONS TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR were the best predictors of MAFLD. Insulin-based measures had better performances in the detection of advanced fibrosis. This was independent of age, gender, obesity, or diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Malek
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Jahangiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Nobarani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marieh Salavatizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Soltanieh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Chehrehgosha
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Taheri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Montazeri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Attaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fariba Alaei-Shahmiri
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Nie YF, Shang JM, Liu DQ, Meng WQ, Ren HP, Li CH, Wang ZF, Lan J. Apical papilla stem cell-derived exosomes regulate lipid metabolism and alleviate inflammation in the MCD-induced mouse NASH model. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116073. [PMID: 38395263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla(SCAPs) exhibit remarkable tissue repair capabilities, demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects, positioning them as promising assets in the realm of regenerative medicine. Recently, the focus has shifted towards exosomes derived from stem cells, perceived as safer alternatives while retaining comparable physiological functions. This study delves into the therapeutic implications of exosomes derived from SCAPs in the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced mice non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. We extracted exosomes from SCAPs. During the last two weeks of the MCD diet, mice were intravenously administered SCAPs-derived exosomes at two distinct concentrations (50 μg/mouse and 100 μg/mouse) biweekly. Thorough examinations of physiological and biochemical indicators were performed to meticulously evaluate the impact of exosomes derived from SCAPs on the advancement of NASH in mice induced by MCD diet. This findings revealed significant reductions in body weight loss and liver damage induced by the MCD diet following exosomes treatment. Moreover, hepatic fat accumulation was notably alleviated. Mechanistically, the treatment with exosomes led to an upregulation of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) levels in the liver, enhancing hepatic fatty acid oxidation and transporter gene expression while inhibiting genes associated with fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, exosomes treatment increased the transcription levels of key liver mitochondrial marker proteins and the essential mitochondrial biogenesis factor. Furthermore, the levels of serum inflammatory factors and hepatic tissue inflammatory factor mRNA expression were significantly reduced, likely due to the anti-inflammatory phenotype induced by exosomes in macrophages. The above conclusion suggests that SCAPs-exosomes can improve NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Nie
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Ming Shang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Duan-Qin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Qing Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ping Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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18
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Chen P, Zhu Z, Geng H, Cui X, Han Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Lu H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Sun C. Integrated spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics decipher the hepatoprotection mechanisms of wedelolactone and demethylwedelolactone on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100910. [PMID: 38655398 PMCID: PMC11035064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Eclipta prostrata L. has been used in traditional medicine and known for its liver-protective properties for centuries. Wedelolactone (WEL) and demethylwedelolactone (DWEL) are the major coumarins found in E. prostrata L. However, the comprehensive characterization of these two compounds on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) still remains to be explored. Utilizing a well-established zebrafish model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury, the present study sought to investigate the impacts and mechanisms of WEL and DWEL on NAFLD through integrative spatial metabolomics with liver-specific transcriptomics analysis. Our results showed that WEL and DWEL significantly improved liver function and reduced the accumulation of fat in the liver. The biodistributions and metabolism of these two compounds in whole-body zebrafish were successfully mapped, and the discriminatory endogenous metabolites reversely regulated by WEL and DWEL treatments were also characterized. Based on spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics, we identified that steroid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism are mainly involved in the hepatoprotective effects of WEL instead of DWEL. Our study unveils the distinct mechanism of WEL and DWEL in ameliorating NAFLD, and presents a "multi-omics" platform of spatial metabolomics and liver-specific transcriptomics to develop highly effective compounds for further improved therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Haoyuan Geng
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuhao Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
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19
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Wongtrakul W, Charatcharoenwitthaya N, Charatcharoenwitthaya P. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the risk of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:351-358. [PMID: 38407898 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The systematic review aimed to assess the risks of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception to June 2022 for observational studies examining the relationship between MASLD and the risk of mortality among T2DM patients. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models with hazard ratios (HRs) to quantify the risk of mortality. A total of 5877 articles were screened, and ultimately, 12 eligible studies encompassing 368 528 T2DM patients, with a median follow-up of 8.9 years (interquartile range, 4.7-14.5), were included. Our analysis revealed a significant association between MASLD and an increased risk of all-cause mortality in T2DM patients [HR 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.58; I 2 = 90%]. Meta-regression analyses did not show significant effects of mean age, mean BMI, and percentage of smokers, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia on the association between MASLD and the risk of all-cause mortality. However, we found that MASLD was not significantly associated with mortality related to cardiovascular diseases (HR 1.05; 95% CI, 0.82-1.35; I2 = 0%) or cancer (HR 1.21; 95% CI, 0.41-3.51; I 2 = 79%) among patients with T2DM. No publication bias was observed. This comprehensive meta-analysis provides substantial evidence supporting a significant association between MASLD and an increased risk of all-cause mortality among the T2DM population. These findings underscore the potential benefits of screening for MASLD in T2DM patients, aiding in the early identification of high-risk individuals and enabling risk modification strategies to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasit Wongtrakul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Natthinee Charatcharoenwitthaya
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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20
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Ohene-Marfo P, Nguyen HVM, Mohammed S, Thadathil N, Tran A, Nicklas EH, Wang D, Selvarani R, Farriester JW, Varshney R, Kinter M, Richardson A, Rudolph MC, Deepa SS. Non-Necroptotic Roles of MLKL in Diet-Induced Obesity, Liver Pathology, and Insulin Sensitivity: Insights from a High-Fat, High-Fructose, High-Cholesterol Diet Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2813. [PMID: 38474061 PMCID: PMC10931720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key player in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) progression. Necroptosis, an inflammatory cell death pathway, is elevated in MAFLD patients and mouse models, yet its role is unclear due to the diverse mouse models and inhibition strategies. In our study, we inhibited necroptosis by targeting mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), the terminal effector of necroptosis, in a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol (HFHFrHC) mouse model of diet-induced MAFLD. Despite the HFHFrHC diet upregulating MLKL (2.5-fold), WT mice livers showed no increase in necroptosis markers or associated proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, Mlkl-/- mice experienced exacerbated liver inflammation without protection from diet-induced liver damage, steatosis, or fibrosis. In contrast, Mlkl+/- mice showed a significant reduction in these parameters that was associated with elevated Pparα and Pparγ levels. Both Mlkl-/- and Mlkl+/- mice on the HFHFrHC diet resisted diet-induced obesity, attributed to the increased beiging, enhanced oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure due to adipose tissue, and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity. These findings highlight the tissue-specific effects of MLKL on the liver and adipose tissue, and they suggest a dose-dependent effect of MLKL on liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Ohene-Marfo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Hoang Van M. Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Sabira Mohammed
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Albert Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Evan H. Nicklas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Ramasamy Selvarani
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Jacob W. Farriester
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rohan Varshney
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience & Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sathyaseelan S. Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.O.-M.); (N.T.); (A.T.); (E.H.N.); (D.W.); (R.S.); (J.W.F.); (R.V.); (A.R.); (M.C.R.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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21
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MacDonald-Ramos K, Monroy A, Bobadilla-Bravo M, Cerbón M. Silymarin Reduced Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Women with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2050. [PMID: 38396727 PMCID: PMC10888588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Silymarin has ameliorated obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and insulin resistance (IR) in combination with standard therapy, diet, or exercise in recent studies. Obesity and IR are the main risk factors for developing T2DM and other metabolic disorders. Today, there is a need for new strategies to target IR in patients with these metabolic diseases. In the present longitudinal study, a group of non-diabetic insulin-resistant women with type 1 and type 2 obesity were given silymarin for 12 weeks, with no change in habitual diet and physical activity. We used the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) to determine IR at baseline and after silymarin treatment (t = 12 weeks). We obtained five timepoint oral glucose tolerance tests, and other biochemical and clinical parameters were analyzed before and after treatment. Treatment with silymarin alone significantly reduced mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HOMA-IR levels at 12 weeks compared to baseline values (p < 0.05). Mean fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), indirect bilirubin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased compared to baseline values, although changes were non-significant. The overall results suggest that silymarin may offer a therapeutic alternative to improve IR in non-diabetic individuals with obesity. Further clinical trials are needed in this type of patient to strengthen the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla MacDonald-Ramos
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Adriana Monroy
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Bobadilla-Bravo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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22
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Tarantino G, Citro V. Could Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Due to Their Use/Misuse Be Linked to Some Mechanisms Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1993. [PMID: 38396671 PMCID: PMC10888279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, recently re-named metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease, is considered the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. Its molecular initiation events are multiple and not always well-defined, comprising insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of them acting on genetic and epigenetic grounds. Nowadays, there is a growing public health threat, which is antibiotic excessive use and misuse. This widespread use of antibiotics not only in humans, but also in animals has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Furthermore, antibiotics have been used for many decades to control certain bacterial diseases in high-value fruit and vegetables. Recently, it has been emphasised that antibiotic-induced changes in microbial composition reduce microbial diversity and alter the functional attributes of the microbiota. These antibiotic residues impact human gut flora, setting in motion a chain of events that leads straight to various metabolic alterations that can ultimately contribute to the onset and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School of Naples, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, Umberto I Hospital, Nocera Inferiore (SA), 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy;
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23
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Moreto F, Garcia JL, Ferreira ALDA, Radrezza S, Costa MR, Romualdo GR, Grandini NA, Aldini G, Correa CR, D'Amato A. Quantitative proteomics study of carnosine effect in an animal model of Western diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23644. [PMID: 38348714 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is closely related to westernized dietary (WD) patterns, displays a rising epidemiological and economic burden. Since there is no pharmacological therapy approved for this disease, mechanistic studies are warranted. In this work, we investigated the action of carnosine (CAR), a natural dipeptide with several protection roles against oxidative stress in the liver of NAFLD rats. NAFLD was induced by WD-rich sugars and fat, verifying the histological evidence of steatosis. As intraperitoneal administration of CAR reversed liver steatosis, the protein profiles of NAFLD liver and CAR NAFLD liver were evaluated by label-free proteomics approach. A total of 2531 proteins were identified and the 230 and 276 were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, by CAR treatment of NAFLD rats and involved in fundamental pathways such as oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Perilipin 2 and apolipoprotein E, components of the plasma membrane of vesicle, resulted in highly downregulated in the CAR-treated NAFLD liver. The advanced bioanalytical approach demonstrated the efficacy of CAR in overcoming the main symptoms of NAFLD, ameliorating the steatosis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Radrezza
- Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Division, Max Planck Institute, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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24
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Jagannath S, Mallanna SH, Nandini CD. Diet-inducing hypercholesterolemia show decreased O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins through modulation of AMPK. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:205-218. [PMID: 37996652 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a nutritionally driven, post-translational modification of proteins, is gaining importance because of its health implications. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation are observed in various disease conditions. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation by diet that causes hypercholesterolemia are not critically looked into in the liver. To address it, both in vitro and in vivo approaches were employed. Hypercholesterolemia was induced individually by feeding cholesterol (H)/high-fat (HF) diet. Global O-GlcNAcylation levels and modulation of AMPK activation in both preventive and curative approaches were looked into. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which was associated with decreased O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and Glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-1 (GFAT1). Activation of AMPK by metformin in preventive mode restored the O-GlcNAcylation levels; however, metformin treatment of HepG2 cells in curative mode restored O-GlcNAcylation levels in HF but failed to in H condition (at 24 h). Further, maternal faulty diet resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation in pup liver despite feeding normal diet till adulthood. A faulty diet modulates global O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which is accompanied by decreased AMPK activation which could exacerbate metabolic syndromes through fat accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Jagannath
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smitha Honnalagere Mallanna
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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25
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Yan Y, Liu H, Abedini A, Sheng X, Palmer M, Li H, Susztak K. Unraveling the epigenetic code: human kidney DNA methylation and chromatin dynamics in renal disease development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:873. [PMID: 38287030 PMCID: PMC10824731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes may fill a critical gap in our understanding of kidney disease development, as they not only reflect metabolic changes but are also preserved and transmitted during cell division. We conducted a genome-wide cytosine methylation analysis of 399 human kidney samples, along with single-nuclear open chromatin analysis on over 60,000 cells from 14 subjects, including controls, and diabetes and hypertension attributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We identified and validated differentially methylated positions associated with disease states, and discovered that nearly 30% of these alterations were influenced by underlying genetic variations, including variants known to be associated with kidney disease in genome-wide association studies. We also identified regions showing both methylation and open chromatin changes. These changes in methylation and open chromatin significantly associated gene expression changes, most notably those playing role in metabolism and expressed in proximal tubules. Our study further demonstrated that methylation risk scores (MRS) can improve disease state annotation and prediction of kidney disease development. Collectively, our results suggest a causal relationship between epigenetic changes and kidney disease pathogenesis, thereby providing potential pathways for the development of novel risk stratification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Amin Abedini
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA.
- Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA.
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26
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Ohene-Marfo P, Nguyen HVM, Mohammed S, Thadathil N, Tran A, Nicklas EH, Wang D, Selvarani R, Farriester J, Varshney R, Kinter M, Richardson A, Rudolph M, Deepa SS. Non-Necroptotic Roles of MLKL in Diet-Induced Obesity, Liver Pathology, and Insulin Sensitivity: Insights from a High Fat, High Fructose, High Cholesterol Diet Mouse Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.575102. [PMID: 38260537 PMCID: PMC10802562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a key player in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) progression. Necroptosis, an inflammatory cell death pathway, is elevated in MAFLD patients and mouse models, yet its role is unclear due to diverse mouse models and inhibition strategies. In our study, we inhibited necroptosis by targeting mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL), the terminal effector of necroptosis, in a high-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol (HFHFrHC) mouse model of diet-induced MAFLD mouse model. Despite HFHFrHC diet upregulating MLKL (2.5-fold), WT mice livers showed no increase in necroptosis markers or associated proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, Mlkl -/- mice experienced exacerbated liver inflammation without protection from diet-induced liver damage, steatosis, or fibrosis. In contrast, Mlkl +/- mice showed significant reduction in these parameters that was associated with elevated Pparα and Pparγ levels. Both Mlkl -/- and Mlkl +/- mice on HFHFrHC diet resisted diet-induced obesity, attributed to increased beiging, enhanced oxygen consumption and energy expenditure due to adipose tissue, and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity. These findings highlight the tissue specific effects of MLKL on the liver and adipose tissue, and suggest a dose-dependent effect of MLKL on liver pathology.
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27
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Liu K, Yang X, Zhang G, Xiang Z. Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism Prediction of Fuzi-Gancao Herb Couple on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:773-785. [PMID: 37317908 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230614102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuzi-Gancao herb couple is one of the most common herb couples involved in the TCM formula, which was used for the treatment of chronic diseases. The herb couple has a hepatoprotective effect. However, its main components and therapeutic mechanism are not yet clear. This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the Fuzi-Gancao herb couple on NAFLD from animal experiments, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. METHODS 60 Male C57BL/6 mice (20 g ± 2 g) were randomly divided into six groups including the blank group (n=10) and NALFD group (n=50). The mice of the NALFD group were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks to establish the NAFLD model and the NALFD mice were randomly divided into five groups including positive group (berberine), model group and F-G groups with three dosages (0.257, 0.514, 0.771 g/kg) (n=10). After 10 weeks of administration, the serum was collected for the analysis of ALT, AST, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TC, and liver tissues were collected for pathological analysis. The TCMAS database was used to collect the main components and targets of the Fuzi-Gancao herb couple. The GeneCards database was used to collect NAFLD-related targets, and the key targets were obtained by intersecting with herbal targets. The diseasecomponent- target relationship diagram was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. The obtained key targets were imported into the String database to obtain the PPI network, and imported into the DAVID database for KEGG pathway analysis and GO analysis. Finally, the key targets and key gene proteins were imported into Discovery Studio 2019 for molecular docking verification. RESULTS In this study, H-E staining indicated the pathological changes of liver tissue in Fuzi- Gancao groups were significantly improved, and the levels of AST, ALT, TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c in serum of Fuzi-Gancao groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the model group. 103 active components and 299 targets in the Fuzi-Gancao herb couple were confirmed in the TCMSP database and 2062 disease targets in NAFLD were obtained. 142 key targets and 167 signal pathways were screened, such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and so on. The main bioactive ingredients of Fuzi-Gancao herb couple in the treatment of NAFLD are quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, inermine, (R)-norcoclaurine, isorhamnetin, ignavine, 2,7-Dideacetyl-2,7- dibenzoyl-taxayunnanine F, glycyrol mainly involving IL6, AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL1B, VEGFA and other core targets. Molecular docking analysis indicated that there is a good affinity between the key components and the key targets. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily explained the main components and mechanism of the Fuzi- Gancao herb couple in the treatment of NAFLD and provided an idea for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Liu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
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Kim WJ, Kil BJ, Lee C, Kim TY, Han G, Choi Y, Kim K, Shin CH, Park SY, Kim H, Kim M, Huh CS. B. longum CKD1 enhances the efficacy of anti-diabetic medicines through upregulation of IL- 22 response in type 2 diabetic mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2319889. [PMID: 38391178 PMCID: PMC10896159 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2319889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in metabolic disorders, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the synergistic potential of combining the effects of Bifidobacterium longum NBM7-1 (CKD1) with anti-diabetic medicines, LobeglitazoneⓇ (LO), SitagliptinⓇ (SI), and MetforminⓇ (Met), to alleviate hyperglycemia in a diabetic mouse model. CKD1 effectively mitigated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and enhanced pancreatic β-cell function, as well as fortifying gut-tight junction integrity. In the same way, SI-CKD1 and Met- CKD1 synergistically improved insulin sensitivity and prevented hepatic steatosis, as evidenced by the modulation of key genes associated with insulin signaling, β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, adipogenesis, and inflammation by qRT-PCR. The comprehensive impact on modulating gut microbiota composition was observed, particularly when combined with MetforminⓇ. This combination induced an increase in the abundance of Rikenellaceae and Alistipes related negatively to the T2DM incidence while reducing the causative species of Cryptosporangium, Staphylococcaceae, and Muribaculaceae. These alterations intervene in gut microbiota metabolites to modulate the level of butyrate, indole-3-acetic acid, propionate, and inflammatory cytokines and to activate the IL-22 pathway. However, it is meaningful that the combination of B. longum NBM7-1(CKD1) reduced the medicines' dose to the level of the maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). This study advances our understanding of the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. We expect this study to contribute to developing a prospective therapeutic strategy modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Ju Kil
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Research Institute, Chong Kun Dang Bio Co Ltd, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Research Institute, Chong Kun Dang Bio Co Ltd, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Chang Hun Shin
- Research Institute, Chong Kun Dang Bio Co Ltd, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Young Park
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jiang H, Zang L. GLP-1/GLP-1RAs: New Options for the Drug Treatment of NAFLD. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:100-114. [PMID: 38532322 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128283153231226103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a global public health concern. Currently, the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and, if necessary, weight loss. However, compliance is a challenge, and this approach alone may not be sufficient to halt and treat the more serious disease development, so medication is urgently needed. Nevertheless, no medicines are approved to treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteropeptide hormone that inhibits glucagon synthesis, promotes insulin secretion, and delays gastric emptying. GLP-1 has been found in recent studies to be beneficial for the management of NAFLD, and the marketed GLP-1 agonist drugs have different degrees of effectiveness for NAFLD while lowering blood glucose. In this article, we review GLP-1 and its physiological roles, the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the correlation between NAFLD and GLP-1 signaling, and potential strategies for GLP-1 treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linquan Zang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Motta G, Thangaraj SV, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep. TOXICS 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250971 PMCID: PMC10818936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups. Prenatal BPA exposure significantly elevated the expression of aging-associated genes GLB1 and CISD2 and induced large magnitude differences in the expression of other aging genes-APOE, HGF, KLOTHO, and the clock genes PER2 and CLOCK-in the liver; the other senescence markers remained unaffected. Prenatal BPA-programmed aging-related transcriptional changes in the liver may contribute to pathological changes in liver function, elucidating the involvement of aging genes in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (S.V.T.)
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Han WM, Apornpong T, Lwin HMS, Thammapiwan S, Boonrungsirisap J, Gatechompol S, Ubolyam S, Tangkijvanich P, Kerr SJ, Avihingsanon A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With Liver Fibrosis as Predictors of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in People With HIV: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1687-1695. [PMID: 37477514 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) plus or minus a concurrent diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated with NAFLD or NASH development. METHODS In this prospective study, we analyzed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) aged ≥18 years without excessive alcohol consumption or hepatitis coinfections. NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m, whereas NASH with significant disease activity and liver fibrosis was defined as a FibroScan-AST score ≥0.67. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the association between NAFLD with or without NASH and new-onset DM. RESULTS Of 847 PWH, the median age at baseline was 45 years (interquartile range, 38-51; 43% female). Baseline NAFLD was associated with 2.8-fold higher risk of new-onset DM after adjusting for age, sex, family history of DM, antiretroviral therapy duration, smoking, statin use, stavudine/didanosine/zidovudine exposure, time-updated body mass index, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Combined NAFLD and NASH at baseline had 3.1-fold higher new-onset DM risk. In separate analyses, baseline DM did not predict progression to NAFLD or NASH, but tenofovir alafenamide use was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-4.02) or NASH development (2.31; 95% CI, 1.12-5.11). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD alone or combined with NASH strongly predicts new-onset DM. This highlights the need for systematic risk assessments and management of NAFLD/NASH, as it may contribute to metabolic complications such as DM and subsequent cardiovascular diseases in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Min Han
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Apornpong
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hay Mar Su Lwin
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siwat Thammapiwan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jedsadakorn Boonrungsirisap
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Gatechompol
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Ubolyam
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Kerr
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Sasso E, Baticic L, Sotosek V. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Its Medical Implications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2317. [PMID: 38137918 PMCID: PMC10744591 DOI: 10.3390/life13122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An unbalanced diet increases the risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases and cancers, leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Low-grade systemic chronic inflammation mediated by the activation of the innate immune system is common to all these pathologies. Inflammation is a biological response of the body and a normal part of host defense to combat the effects of bacteria, viruses, toxins and macronutrients. However, when the innate immune system is constantly activated, it can promote the development of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, which could play an important role in the development of chronic diseases and cancer. Since most chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with diet, a balanced healthy diet high in anti-inflammatory food components could prevent chronic diseases and cancer. The cells of the body's immune system produce chemokines and cytokines which can have pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting as well as anti-inflammatory and tumor-fighting functions. A challenge in the future will be to assess whether polymorphisms in immune-related genes may play a role in promoting pro-inflammatory activity. Thanks to this duality, future research on immune regulation could focus on how innate immune cells can be modified to convert a pro-inflammatory and tumor-friendly microenvironment into an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor one. This review describes inflammatory responses mediated by the innate immune system in various diseases such as hyperglycemia and/or hyperlipemia, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sasso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Baticic
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotosek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Lin M, Li Y, Cao B, Xu J, Zhang Y, Li G, Xiao X, Li C. Bavachin combined with epimedin B induce idiosyncratic liver injury under immunological stress conditions. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110774. [PMID: 37866487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Reports on Chinese patent medicines preparations containing Epimedii Folium (EF) and Psoraleae Fructus (PF) resulting in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) have received widespread attention. Previous studies have shown that bavachin and epimedin B-two active ingredients derived from both EF and PF-are potential components associated with IDILI, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated bavachin and epimedin B-induced IDILI under TNF-α-mediated immunological stress conditions and generated liver lipid metabolism profiles using lipidomics and multivariate statistical analysis. We next applied transcriptomics to identify the differential gene expression on the transcription level. Our results showed that co-exposure to bavachin, epimedin B under immunological stress conditions resulted in obvious liver injury. The differential metabolites screened in our study were closely related to the immune homeostasis of the liver. Sixteen differentially expressed genes were found, Zc3h6 and R3hdml were upregulated, while Sumo2, Cd74, Banp, Oas3, Oas2, Gbp8, Slfn8, Gbp2b, Serpina3g, Zbtb40, H2-Ab1, Osgin1, Tgtp1 and Hspa1b were all downregulated. These differentially expressed genes were associated with biological processes concerning metabolic process and immune system process. Further integrative analysis indicated that bavachin combined with epimedin B affected genes that were not only related to immune system processes, but also to lipid metabolism. Ultimately, this led to an imbalance in the immune microenvironment in the liver and may have contributed to the observed liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lin
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yingying Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Cao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guohui Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Al Jadani JM, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Alfayez FF, Yahya MA. Esculeogenin A, a Glycan from Tomato, Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats through Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4755. [PMID: 38004149 PMCID: PMC10675668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the preventative effects of esculeogenin A (ESGA), a newly discovered glycan from tomato, on liver damage and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed male rats. The animals were divided into six groups (each of eight rats): a control group fed a normal diet, control + ESGA (200 mg/kg), HFD, and HFD + ESAG in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Feeding and treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Treatment with ESGA did not affect gains in the body or fat weight nor increases in fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR or serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), tumor-necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). On the contrary, it significantly reduced the serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the HFD-fed rats. In addition, it improved the liver structure, attenuating the increase in fat vacuoles; reduced levels of TGs and CHOL, and the mRNA levels of SREBP1 and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC); and upregulated the mRNA levels of proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in HFD-fed rats. These effects were concomitant with increases in the mRNA, cytoplasmic, and nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO); a reduction in the nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and inhibition of the activity of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). All of these effects were dose-dependent effects in which a normal liver structure and normal levels of all measured parameters were seen in HFD + ESGA (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. In conclusion, ESGA prevents NAFLD in HFD-fed rats by attenuating hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by acting locally on Nrf2, NF-κB, SREBP1, and PPARα transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwharah M. Al Jadani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Soheir A. Almasri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Farah Fayez Alfayez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
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Ramezani M, Zobeiry M, Abdolahi S, Hatami B, Zali MR, Baghaei K. A crosstalk between epigenetic modulations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154809. [PMID: 37797383 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a major public health concern worldwide due to its rapidly rising prevalence and its potential to progress into end-stage liver disease. While the precise pathophysiology underlying NAFLD remains incompletely understood, it is strongly associated with various environmental triggers and other metabolic disorders. Epigenetics examines changes in gene expression that are not caused by alterations in the DNA sequence itself. There is accumulating evidence that epigenetics plays a key role in linking environmental cues to the onset and progression of NAFLD. Our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to NAFLD pathophysiology has expanded considerably in recent years as research on the epigenetics of NAFLD has developed. This review summarizes recent insights into major epigenetic processes that have been implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNAs that have emerged as promising targets for further investigation. Elucidating epigenetic mechanisms in NAFLD may uncover novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. However, many questions have remained unanswered regarding how epigenetics promotes NAFLD onset and progression. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the epigenetic landscape of NAFLD and validate the potential of epigenetic markers as clinical tools. Nevertheless, an enhanced understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of NAFLD promises to provide key insights into disease mechanisms and pave the way for novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Ramezani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kumari D, Gautam J, Sharma V, Gupta SK, Sarkar S, Jana P, Singhal V, Babele P, Kamboj P, Bajpai S, Tandon R, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Effect of herbal extracts and Saroglitazar on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic lipidome in C57BL/6J mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22051. [PMID: 38027691 PMCID: PMC10663915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of select herbal extracts (Tinospora cordifolia [TC], Tinospora cordifolia with Piper longum [TC + PL], Withania somnifera [WS], Glycyrrhiza glabra [GG], AYUSH-64 [AY-64], and Saroglitazar [S]) on various parameters in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. After 12 weeks of oral administration of the herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed plasma biochemical parameters, insulin resistance (IR), liver histology, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrosis markers, along with hepatic lipidome. We also used a 3D hepatic spheroid model to assess their impact on profibrotic gene expression. Among the extracts, TC + PL showed a significant reduction in IR, liver weight, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 expression, and hepatic lipid levels (saturated triglycerides, ceramides, lysophosphocholines, acylcarnitines, diglycerides, and phosphatidylinositol levels). Saroglitazar reversed changes in body weight, IR, plasma triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and various hepatic lipid species (fatty acids, phospholipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and triglycerides). With the exception of GG, Saroglitazar, and other extracts protected against palmitic acid-induced fibrosis marker gene expression in the 3D spheroids. TC + PL and Saroglitazar also effectively prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance, inflammation, and specific harmful lipid species in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradipta Jana
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Singhal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Babele
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Bajpai
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Rd, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
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Bockarie AS, Nartey YA, Nsiah P, Edzie EKM, Tuoyire D, Acquah S, Eliason S, Nkum B. Fatty liver biomarkers and insulin resistance indices in the prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Ghanaian patients. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e456. [PMID: 37814510 PMCID: PMC10638625 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scant West African data on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) means there is little representation of this population in the modelling used to derive biomarkers and predictive indices for risk stratification of patients for the presence of hepatic steatosis. This study evaluates the performance of the fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its derivatives in predicting ultrasound detected NAFLD in a locally resident population of Ghanaian participants. METHODS AND FINDINGS A post hoc analysis of data from a cross sectional assessment of NAFLD and cardiovascular risk was performed. Data from 210 participants without significant alcohol intake, or secondary causes of fatty liver and not on steatogenic drugs was evaluated. A structured questionnaire had been used to collect demographic data, medical and drug history. Anthropometry, blood sampling for liver chemistry and fasting lipids were performed. Hepatic steatosis was detected by ultrasonography. A retrospective analysis involving multivariate binary logistic regression assessed FLI, HIS, TyG (and its derivatives) as predictors of NAFLD with p < .05 considered statistically significant. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios were calculated and accuracy of the proxies evaluated from area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC). All the biomarkers and indices were significantly associated with NAFLD (p ≤ .001). All the lipid and fatty liver indices assessed performed acceptably as predictors of NAFLD. FLI (AUC = 0.8, 95% CI [0.74-0.87]), TyG-WC (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI [0.75-0.88]) and TyG-WHtR (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI [0.74-0.88]) performed best at predicting NAFLD. Whilst in all cases the markers had good specificity (>90%) they lacked sufficient sensitivity with FLI having the highest sensitivity of 36.7%. Their overall accuracy was greater than 70% in each case. CONCLUSION The overall accuracy of HSI, FLI, TyG index and its derivatives (TyG WHtR, TyG BMI, TyG WC) was acceptable for predicting NAFLD in this population. Given their performance in this study and in light of their low cost, accessibility, easy interpretation and non-invasive nature; they are suitable tools for screening in the Ghanaian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Bockarie
- Department of Internal Medicine & TherapeuticsUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
- Department of MedicineCape Coast Teaching HospitalCape CoastGhana
| | - Y. A. Nartey
- Department of Internal Medicine & TherapeuticsUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
- Department of MedicineCape Coast Teaching HospitalCape CoastGhana
| | - P. Nsiah
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - E. K. M. Edzie
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - D. Tuoyire
- Department of Community MedicineUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - S. Acquah
- Department of Medical BiochemistryUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - S. Eliason
- Department of Community MedicineUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana
| | - B. Nkum
- Department of MedicineKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Balogun O, Wang JY, Shaikh ES, Liu K, Stoyanova S, Memel ZN, Schultz H, Mun L, Bertman J, Rogen CA, Ibrahim MK, Berschback M, Uche-Anya E, Wilechansky R, Simon TG, Corey KE. Effect of combined tobacco use and type 2 diabetes mellitus on prevalent fibrosis in patients with MASLD. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0300. [PMID: 37889558 PMCID: PMC10615418 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the independent effect of cigarette smoking or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on MASLD. However, the interaction effect between tobacco consumption and T2DM on MASLD severity remains underexplored. In this study, we assessed the combined effect of tobacco use and T2DM on hepatic fibrosis in MASLD. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective cross-sectional analysis of eligible participants from the Mass General Brigham Fibroscan© database. The participants were divided into 3 groups: those with T2DM and a history of tobacco use (primary exposure group), those with T2DM but no history of tobacco use (secondary exposure group), and those without T2DM and no history of tobacco use (reference group). An additional model was developed, which included a fourth group, participants with a history of tobacco use but no T2DM. The likelihood of fibrosis was determined using a defined fibrosis-4 index cutoff value of 1.3. In addition, we computed the estimated marginal means for liver stiffness measurement and compared the values among the exposure groups. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between the exposure groups and the risk for hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS Overall, 598 individuals were enrolled in the study. The bivariable logistic regression model revealed a significant independent association between T2DM, combined smoking and T2DM, and the outcome of interest, fibrosis. Age, sex, metabolic syndrome, aspirin use, statin use, hemoglobin A1C (A1C), and total bilirubin level were also significantly associated with fibrosis. In the adjusted fibrosis-4 multivariable model (comparing exposure groups to controls), cigarette smoking and T2DM interaction had higher odds of prevalent fibrosis (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.62-5.76), compared to those with T2DM alone (aOR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.37-3.85). The continuous liver stiffness measurement comparison across the exposure group showed an estimated marginal means of 6.26 (95% CL: 5.58-6.94), 7.54 (95% CL: 6.78-8.30), and 7.88 (6.78-8.99) for the reference group, T2DM only group, and tobacco-T2DM group, respectively. The diabetes-only group and the combined tobacco-T2DM group had statistically significant associations with liver stiffness measurement (p values: 0.013 and 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION Although diabetes is independently associated with hepatic fibrosis in patients with MASLD, the combination of tobacco consumption and diabetes is associated with a higher prevalence of fibrosis. Therefore, lifestyle change through tobacco use cessation in patients with diabetes could be beneficial in reducing the incidence of liver fibrosis among individuals with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Y. Wang
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., 2001
| | - Emad S. Shaikh
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karine Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefania Stoyanova
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zoe N. Memel
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hayley Schultz
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Mun
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt Pleasant, Michigan
| | - Jack Bertman
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Rogen
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maryam K. Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeline Berschback
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eugenia Uche-Anya
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Wilechansky
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (CTEU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA
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Kwak JW, Lee YJ, Park B, Jung DH. Combined effect of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and hepatic steatosis on new-onset ischemic heart disease among middle-aged and older Korean adults: a cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1275450. [PMID: 37904789 PMCID: PMC10613517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1275450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a commonly used tumor marker in cancer screening. However, it has also been associated with metabolic alterations. Hepatic steatosis, the accumulation of fat in liver cells, is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in individuals with elevated CEA levels, hepatic steatosis, and their co-occurrence. Methods The study cohort comprised 5,580 Korean adults who underwent health examinations between November 2006 and June 2010. Data regarding baseline CEA levels, hepatic steatosis status, and development of IHD were collected. Hepatic steatosis was defined as more than two findings: deep attenuation, vascular blurring, and increased liver echogenicity on abdominal ultrasound. Participants were divided into four groups based on their CEA and hepatic steatosis status: no hepatic steatosis and low CEA (group 1), no hepatic steatosis and elevated CEA (group 2), low CEA and hepatic steatosis (group 3), and elevated CEA and hepatic steatosis (group 4). Results A total of 226 (4.1%) participants developed IHD during the follow-up period. Participants with elevated CEA levels and hepatic steatosis (group 4) had the highest cumulative incidence of IHD in comparison to other groups (p < 0.001). The combined effect of elevated CEA levels and hepatic steatosis showed significantly greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than hepatic steatosis alone (p < 0.001). Furthermore, participants with elevated CEA and hepatic steatosis (group 4) had higher risk of developing IHD compared to those with low CEA and no hepatic steatosis (group 1) (hazard ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.55, p = 0.034). Conclusion Co-occurrence of elevated CEA levels and hepatic steatosis increases the risk of IHD. Comprehensive risk assessment is crucial to guide interventions and improve cardiovascular health in individuals with both the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byoungjin Park
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Jung
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Zhai T, Luo P, Miao X, Wang J, Chen Y. Beneficial effects of silibinin on serum lipids, bile acids, and gut microbiota in methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1257158. [PMID: 37867498 PMCID: PMC10587424 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1257158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Silibinin (SIL) is a flavonoid lignin isolated from the fruit and seeds of silybum marianum that exhibits good therapeutic potential for NASH. However, the effects of SIL on serum lipids, bile acids (BAs), and gut microbiota (GM) in NASH mice remain unknown. The present work aimed to explore the beneficial effects of SIL supplementation on serum lipids, bile acids, and gut microbiota in MCD mice. Experimental approach After male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet and simultaneously gavaged with SIL (20 mg/kg. d) for 8 weeks, the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by oil red O, haematoxylin-eosin, and Masson tricolor staining; the levels of serum AST and ALT, and liver TG and MDA were detected by assay kits; metabonomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to analyze the composition of serum lipids and BAs and the abundance of GM; and the mRNA expression levels of hepatic genes related to BAs homeostasis were detected by RT-qPCR. Results The results indicated that SIL treatment decreased the levels of 26 lipids (including four arachidonic acids, seven FFAs, 12 acyl carnitines, and three GPs) and two BAs (23-DCA, GLCA), while Dubosiella increased the levels of 10 lipids (including TxB3, PG16:0_18:1, Cer t18:0/24:0 and 7 TGs), five BAs (β-MCA, α-MCA, UDCA, 3-oxo-DCA and HCA), and two GMs (Verrucomicrobiota and Akkermansiaceae) of MCD mice, but had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of CYP7A1, CYP27A1, Bsep, Mrp2, Ntcp, or Oatp1b2. Therefore, influencing GM composition and then regulating the levels of serum lipids and BAs through enterohepatic axis should be an important mechanism of SIL-induced alleviative effect on MCD mice. More importantly, we found that SIL had a good coordination in regulating the abundance of GM and the contents of serum lipids and BAs in MCD mice, that is, when the abundance of probiotics was up-regulated, the content of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids in serum was up-regulated, while the serum levels of harmful lipids and BAs were down-regulated. Conclusion The alleviating effect of SIL on NASH may be closely related to the correction of intestinal bacteria disorder, serum bile acid, and lipid metabolic disturbance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Alorfi NM, Ashour AM. The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Older Adults: A Review of Clinicaltrials.gov Registry. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3115-3121. [PMID: 37822800 PMCID: PMC10564080 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominant health condition across the world due to its rising prevalence and association with various metabolic disorders. Intermittent fasting (IF) has attracted increasing attention as a dietary approach to addressing weight management and enhancing metabolic well-being, and its potential effects on NAFLD have been a topic of growing research interest. Aim This review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence on IF's impact on NAFLD, including the mechanisms underlying the observed effects in older adults (65+). Methods A comprehensive search of Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies that investigated the effects of IF on NAFLD in older adults (65+). Data on study design, sample size, intervention details, and outcomes related to NAFLD were extracted and analyzed. Results As of April 12th, 2023, there were 1304 clinical trials on NAFLD. Most of these were interventional studies. The investigation focused on completed studies and found that limited clinical trials were identified with limited interventional measures. Only five out of the 1304 studies on NAFLD involved IF. Basic and advanced outcome measures were examined. Conclusion Although some studies suggest that IF may have potential benefits for NAFLD, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Alorfi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Huang F, Marungruang N, Martinsson I, Camprubí Ferrer L, Nguyen TD, Gondo TF, Karlsson EN, Deierborg T, Öste R, Heyman-Lindén L. A mixture of Nordic berries improves cognitive function, metabolic function and alters the gut microbiota in C57Bl/6J male mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1257472. [PMID: 37854349 PMCID: PMC10580983 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1257472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our diets greatly influence our health. Multiple lines of research highlight the beneficial properties of eating berries and fruits. In this study, a berry mixture of Nordic berries previously identified as having the potential to improve memory was supplemented to young C57Bl/6J male mice to investigate effects on cognition function, metabolic health, markers of neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota composition. C57Bl/6J male mice at the age of 8 weeks were given standard chow, a high-fat diet (HF, 60%E fat), or a high-fat diet supplemented with freeze-dried powder (20% dwb) of a mixture of Nordic berries and red grape juice (HF + Berry) for 18 weeks (n = 12 animals/diet group). The results show that supplementation with the berry mixture may have beneficial effects on spatial memory, as seen by enhanced performance in the T-maze and Barnes maze compared to the mice receiving the high-fat diet without berries. Additionally, berry intake may aid in counteracting high-fat diet induced weight gain and could influence neuroinflammatory status as suggested by the increased levels of the inflammation modifying IL-10 cytokine in hippocampal extracts from berry supplemented mice. Furthermore, the 4.5-month feeding with diet containing berries resulted in significant changes in cecal microbiota composition. Analysis of cecal bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that the chow group had significantly higher microbial diversity, as measured by the Shannon diversity index and total operational taxonomic unit richness, than the HF group. The HF diet supplemented with berries resulted in a strong trend of higher total OTU richness and significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, which has been linked to protective effects on cognitive decline. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that intake of a Nordic berry mixture is a valuable strategy for maintaining and improving cognitive function, to be further evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Aventure AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lluís Camprubí Ferrer
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thao Duy Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thamani Freedom Gondo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lovisa Heyman-Lindén
- Berry Lab AB, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ustsinau U, Ehret V, Fürnsinn C, Scherer T, Helbich TH, Hacker M, Krššák M, Philippe C. Novel approach using [ 18F]FTHA-PET and de novo synthesized VLDL for assessment of FFA metabolism in a rat model of diet induced NAFLD. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1839-1848. [PMID: 37625314 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The worldwide prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) raises concerns about associated risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, for leading causes of disability and death. Besides Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS), functional imaging with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Here we describe a novel approach using the PET tracer [18F]FTHA, which is an analog of long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) and is taken up by tissues to enter mitochondria or to be incorporated into complex lipids for further export as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats, after 6 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), were used as a model of diet induced NAFLD, while a standard diet (SD) served as a control group. Liver fat was estimated by MR spectroscopy at a 9.4 T system for phenotyping. To measure hepatic FFA uptake, rats underwent 60 min dynamic [18F]FTHA-PET scans after unrestricted access to food (HFD: n = 6; SD: n = 6) or overnight (≤16h) fasting (HFD: n = 6; SD: n = 5). FFA removal was assessed from incorporated 18F-residual in de novo synthesized VLDL out of plasma. RESULTS MRS of the liver confirmed the presence of NAFLD (>5.6% fat). Under non-fasting conditions, hepatic [18F]FTHA uptake was significantly increased in NAFLD: SUVmean (p = 0.03) within [0; 60] min interval, SUVmean (p = 0.01) and SUVmax (p = 0.03) within [30; 60] min interval. SUVs for hepatic uptake under fasting conditions were not significantly different between the groups. Analysis of FFA removal demonstrated elevated values of 18F-residue in the VLDL plasma fraction of the healthy group compared to the NAFLD (p = 0.0569). CONCLUSION Our novel approach for assessing FFA metabolism using [18F]FTHA demonstrated differences in the hepatic FFA uptake and FFA incorporation into VLDL between healthy and NAFLD rats. [18F]FTHA-PET could be used to study metabolic disturbances involved in the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usevalad Ustsinau
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Ehret
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fürnsinn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wongtrakul W, Untaaveesup S, Pausawadi N, Charatcharoenwitthaya P. Bidirectional association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fatty pancreas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:1107-1116. [PMID: 37665612 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests a potential relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fatty pancreas, as both conditions are associated with fat deposition in the liver and pancreas, respectively. The meta-analysis aimed to investigate the bidirectional association between NAFLD and fatty pancreas, as well as their respective effects on disease severity. METHODS A systematic search of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, from inception to August 2022, was conducted to identify observational studies examining the association between NAFLD and fatty pancreas, as well as their impact on disease severity. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Our analysis included 26 case-control or cross-sectional studies, comprising 67,803 participants. We observed a significant association between NAFLD and an increased odds of having fatty pancreas (OR, 6.18; 95% CI, 4.49-8.51; I2 = 92%). Similarly, fatty pancreas was significantly associated with an increased odds of having NAFLD (OR, 9.56; 95% CI, 5.09-17.95; I2 = 83%). Furthermore, the presence of fatty pancreas was associated with a 1.75-fold increased risk of severe NAFLD based on ultrasonographic classification (95% CI, 1.46-2.10; I2 = 0%). Among NAFLD patients, the coexistence of fatty pancreas was associated with a trend towards increased odds of having non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 0.65-18.93; I2 = 82%) and advanced fibrosis (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 0.52-11.80; I2 = 76%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis discloses a bidirectional association between NAFLD and fatty pancreas, emphasizing the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasit Wongtrakul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suvijak Untaaveesup
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
| | - Nonthalee Pausawadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Guarisco G, Giordano M. Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7845-7861. [PMID: 37886939 PMCID: PMC10605445 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only of metabolic interest but also of a systemic type. This phenomenon means that the body's cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin resistance is a phenomenon that can be found in both men and women and in particular, in the latter, it is found mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, and the presence of estrogen can affect insulin sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, are typically higher in men and can contribute to insulin resistance. In both sexes, different human body types affect the distribution and location of body fat, also influencing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also associated with some neurological and neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, and some of the main neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and self-maintenance, can help to prevent the onset of insulin resistance, regardless of gender, although the different habits between men and women greatly affect the implementation of preventative guidelines that help in fighting the manifestations of this metabolic disorder. This review may help to shed light on gender differences in metabolic diseases by placing a necessary focus on personalized medical management and by inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Gloria Guarisco
- Diabetology, University Sapienza of Rome, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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Robea MA, Balmus IM, Girleanu I, Huiban L, Muzica C, Ciobica A, Stanciu C, Cimpoesu CD, Trifan A. Coagulation Dysfunctions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Relevance. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1614. [PMID: 37763733 PMCID: PMC10535217 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Its incidence is progressively rising and it is possibly becoming a worldwide epidemic. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of diseases accounting for the chronic accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes due to various causes, excluding excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we aimed to focus on finding evidence regarding the implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that form the multifaceted pathophysiological tableau in relation to thrombotic events that co-occur in NAFLD and associated chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence on the pathophysiology of NAFLD suggests that a complex pattern of multidirectional components, such as prooxidative, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic components, better explains the multiple factors that promote the mechanisms underlying the fatty acid excess and subsequent processes. As there is extensive evidence on the multi-component nature of NAFLD pathophysiology, further studies could address the complex interactions that underlie the development and progression of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms connecting the molecular impairments with the various clinical manifestations, focusing especially on the interactions among oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulation dysfunctions. Thus, we described the possible bidirectional modulation among coagulation homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation that occurs in the various stages of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Robea
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Girleanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Huiban
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Muzica
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Carol Stanciu
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Diana Cimpoesu
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency County Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, Blvd. Independentei 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Trifan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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Khan R, Verma AK, Datta M. mir-98-5p regulates gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis by targeting PPP1R15B in hepatocytes. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:881-895. [PMID: 36917438 PMCID: PMC10409962 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports suggest that circulatory miRNAs are deregulated in diverse diseases and used as markers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Here we show that miR-98-5p, that is down-regulated in the circulation during diabetes, regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis by targeting PPP1R15B. miR-98-5p overexpression significantly decreased the transcript and protein levels of PPP1R15B in hepatic HepG2 cells and increased p-eIF2α expression and these were prevented in the presence of its inhibitor. Two major hepatic hallmarks during diabetes i.e. hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose output were explored towards physiological relevance. As compared to scramble, overexpression of miR-98-5p decreased the transcript levels of both gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes together with a significant reduction in hepatic glucose production and fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. Using PASTAA to detect common transcription factors regulating these altered genes, CREB emerged as the most significantly enriched transcription factor. While miR-98-5p overexpression did not change the transcript levels of CREB, there was a significant change in its protein levels. While similar effects on gluconeogenic and lipogenic gene expression were detected using the PPP1R15B siRNA, the opposite was observed in the presence of miR-98-5p inhibitor alone. All these suggest that by targeting PPP1R15B, miR-98-5p regulates hepatic steatosis and glucose output; deregulation of which are characteristic hepatic features during diabetes. Therapeutic intervention of the miR-98/PPP1R15B axis might offer a potential strategy to target aberrant hepatic metabolism during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshar Khan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, Delhi, New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, Delhi, New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Malabika Datta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Cao Y, Fang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Lan X, Zhu D, Luo H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3867-3897. [PMID: 37449926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long-term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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49
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Lempesis IG, Apple SJ, Duarte G, Palaiodimos L, Kalaitzopoulos DR, Dalamaga M, Kokkinidis DG. Cardiometabolic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3682. [PMID: 37392147 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting many women of reproductive age. Although its physiology is poorly understood, hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance play a pivotal role in this complex syndrome, predisposing patients to a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic modalities. Current therapeutic options, including lifestyle modifications and medications, often do not satisfactorily improve clinical outcomes. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a novel option which can potentially improve many hormonal and metabolic parameters for patients with PCOS, though the net cardiovascular effects remain under investigation in this population of patients with PCOS. Overall, the use of SGLT-2i may be associated with beneficial somatometric, metabolic and hormonal outcomes of PCOS. To date, all available studies have recorded body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and fat mass reductions, improved insulin and androgen levels, and reduced blood pressure. The aim of the present review is to summarise PCOS-related manifestations and mechanisms leading to cardiovascular disease, to explore the cardiometabolic impact of SGLT2i on PCOS, and to critically analyse the cardiometabolic and hormonal outcomes of the recent studies on the use of SGLT2i in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Lempesis
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Samuel J Apple
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gustavo Duarte
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Leonidas Palaiodimos
- Department of Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos G Kokkinidis
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University/Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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50
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Anwar SD, Foster C, Ashraf A. Lipid Disorders and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:445-457. [PMID: 37495336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia has been linked metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Several genes and transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism can increase susceptibility to MAFLD. Multiple parallel 'hits' have been proposed for developing hepatic steatosis, NASH, and MAFLD, including insulin resistance and subsequent free fatty acid excess, de novo lipogenesis, and excessive hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol deposition in the liver. This lead to defective beta-oxidation in the mitochondria and VLDL export and increased inflammation. Given the significant cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia associated with MAFLD should be managed by lifestyle changes and lipid-lowering agents such as statins, fenofibrate, and omega-3 fatty acids, with judicious use of insulin-sensitizing agents, and adequate control of dysglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Dowla Anwar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christy Foster
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1601, 4th Avenue South, CPP M 30, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ambika Ashraf
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1601, 4th Avenue South, CPP M 30, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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