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Orzel D, Ravald H, Dillon A, Rantala J, Wiedmer SK, Russo G. Immobilised artificial membrane liquid chromatography vs liposome electrokinetic capillary chromatography: Suitability in drug/bio membrane partitioning studies and effectiveness in the assessment of the passage of drugs through the respiratory mucosa. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1734:465286. [PMID: 39191185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study pioneers a comparison of the application of biomimetic techniques, immobilised artificial membrane liquid chromatography (IAM LC) and liposome electrokinetic capillary chromatography (LEKC), for the prediction of pulmonary drug permeability. The pulmonary absorption profiles of 26 structurally unrelated drug-like molecules were evaluated using their IAM hydrophobicity index (CHI IAM) measured in IAM LC, and the logarithm of distribution constants (log KLEKC) derived from the LEKC experiments. Lipophilicity (phospholipids) parameters obtained from IAM LC and most LEKC analyses were linearly related to the n-octanol/water partitioning coefficients of the neutral forms (i.e., log Po/w values) to a moderate extent. However, the relationship with distribution coefficients at the experimental pH (7.4) (i.e., log D7.4) were weaker overall for IAM LC data and sigmoidal for some liposome compositions (phosphatidyl choline (PC): phosphatidyl inositol (PI) 85:15 mol% and 90:10 mol%) and concentrations (4 mM) in LEKC. This suggests that phospholipid partitioning supports both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions occurring between ionised drugs and charged phospholipid moieties. The latter interactions are original when compared to those taking place in the more established n-octanol/water partitioning systems. A stronger correlation (R2 > 0.65) was identified between the LEKC retention parameters, and the experimental apparent lung permeability (i.e., log Papp values) as opposed to the values obtained by IAM LC. Therefore, LEKC offers unprecedented advantages over IAM LC in simulating cell membrane partitioning processes in the pulmonary delivery of drugs. Although LEKC has the advantage of more effectively simulating the electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in drug/pulmonary membrane interactions in vitro, the technique is unsuitable for analysing highly hydrophilic neutral or anionic compounds at the experimental pH. Conversely, IAM LC is useful for analysing compounds spanning a wider range of lipophilicity. Its simpler and more robust implementation, and propensity for high-throughput automation make it a favourable choice for researchers in drug development and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Orzel
- Centre of Biomedicine and Global Health, School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Henri Ravald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P. O. Box 55 00014, Finland
| | - Amy Dillon
- Centre of Biomedicine and Global Health, School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Rantala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P. O. Box 55 00014, Finland
| | - Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P. O. Box 55 00014, Finland.
| | - Giacomo Russo
- Centre of Biomedicine and Global Health, School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
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Ebert A, Dahley C. Can membrane permeability of zwitterionic compounds be predicted by the solubility-diffusion model? Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 199:106819. [PMID: 38815700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterions contain both positively and negatively charged functional groups, resulting in an overall net neutral charge. Nevertheless, the membrane permeability of the zwitterionic form of a compound is assumed to be much lower than the permeability of the uncharged neutral form. Although a significant proportion of pharmaceuticals are zwitterionic, it has not been clear so far whether their permeability is dominated by the permeation of the zwitterionic or the neutral form, since neutral fractions are often quite low as compared to the zwitterionic fraction. This complicates the in silico prediction of the permeability of zwitterionic compounds. In this work, we re-evaluated existing in vitro permeability data from literature measured with Caco-2/MDCK cell assays, using more strict exclusion criteria for effects like diffusion limitation by the aqueous boundary layers, paracellular transport, active transport and retention. Using this re-evaluated data set, we show that extracted intrinsic permeabilities of the neutral fraction are well predicted by the solubility-diffusion model (RMSE = 1.21; n = 18) if the permeability of the zwitterionic species is assumed negligible. Our work thus suggests that only the neutral species is relevant for the membrane permeability of zwitterionic compounds, and that membrane permeability of zwitterionic compounds is indeed predictable by the solubility-diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Computational Biology & Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Carolin Dahley
- Department of Computational Biology & Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Eltanameli B, Piñeiro-Llanes J, Cristofoletti R. Recent advances in cell-based in vitro models for predicting drug permeability across brain, intestinal, and pulmonary barriers. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:439-458. [PMID: 38850058 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2366390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in the development of cell-based in vitro models aimed at predicting drug permeability, particularly focusing on replicating the barrier properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), intestinal epithelium, and lung epithelium. AREA COVERED This review provides an overview of 2D in vitro platforms, including monocultures and co-culture systems, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, it discusses tools and techniques utilized to overcome these limitations, paving the way for more accurate predictions of drug permeability. Furthermore, this review delves into emerging technologies, particularly microphysiological systems (MPS), encompassing static platforms such as organoids and dynamic platforms like microfluidic devices. Literature searches were performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. We focus on key terms such as in vitro permeability models, MPS, organoids, intestine, BBB, and lungs. EXPERT OPINION The potential of these MPS to mimic physiological conditions more closely offers promising avenues for drug permeability assessment. However, transitioning these advanced models from bench to industry requires rigorous validation against regulatory standards. Thus, there is a pressing need to validate MPS to industry and regulatory agency standards to exploit their potential in drug permeability prediction fully. This review underscores the importance of such validation processes to facilitate the translation of these innovative technologies into routine pharmaceutical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassma Eltanameli
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Janny Piñeiro-Llanes
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Osman N, Curley P, Box H, Liptrott N, Sexton D, Saleem I. In vitro evaluation of physicochemical-dependent effects of polymeric nanoparticles on their cellular uptake and co-localization using pulmonary calu-3 cell lines. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:376-386. [PMID: 38533688 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2332889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluated physicochemical properties of eight different polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and their interaction with lung barrier and their suitability for pulmonary drug delivery. METHODS Eight physiochemically different NPs were fabricated from Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA, PL) and Poly glycerol adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone (PGA-co-PDL, PG) via emulsification-solvent evaporation. Pulmonary barrier integrity was investigated in vitro using Calu-3 under air-liquid interface. NPs internalization was investigated using a group of pharmacological inhibitors with subsequent microscopic visual confirmation. RESULTS Eight NPs were successfully formulated from two polymers using emulsion-solvent evaporation; 200, 500 and 800 nm, negatively-charged and positively-charged. All different NPs did not alter tight junctions and PG NPs showed similar behavior to PL NPs, indicating its suitability for pulmonary drug delivery. Active endocytosis uptake mechanisms with physicochemical dependent manner were observed. In addition, NPs internalization and co-localization with lysosomes were visually confirmed indicating their vesicular transport. CONCLUSION PG and PL NPs had shown no or low harmful effects on the barrier integrity, and with effective internalization and vesicular transport, thus, prospectively can be designed for pulmonary delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Osman
- Nanoformulations and drug delivery group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Paul Curley
- Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Box
- Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neill Liptrott
- Centre of Excellence for Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Sexton
- Nanoformulations and drug delivery group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Saleem
- Nanoformulations and drug delivery group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hua T, Li S, Han B. Nanomedicines for intranasal delivery: understanding the nano-bio interactions at the nasal mucus-mucosal barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:553-572. [PMID: 38720439 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2339335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal administration is an effective drug delivery routes in modern pharmaceutics. However, unlike other in vivo biological barriers, the nasal mucosal barrier is characterized by high turnover and selective permeability, hindering the diffusion of both particulate drug delivery systems and drug molecules. The in vivo fate of administrated nanomedicines is often significantly affected by nano-biointeractions. AREAS COVERED The biological barriers that nanomedicines encounter when administered intranasally are introduced, with a discussion on the factors influencing the interaction between nanomedicines and the mucus layer/mucosal barriers. General design strategies for nanomedicines administered via the nasal route are further proposed. Furthermore, the most common methods to investigate the characteristics and the interactions of nanomedicines when in presence of the mucus layer/mucosal barrier are briefly summarized. EXPERT OPINION Detailed investigation of nanomedicine-mucus/mucosal interactions and exploration of their mechanisms provide solutions for designing better intranasal nanomedicines. Designing and applying nanomedicines with mucus interaction properties or non-mucosal interactions should be customized according to the therapeutic need, considering the target of the drug, i.e. brain, lung or nose. Then how to improve the precise targeting efficiency of nanomedicines becomes a difficult task for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangsiyuan Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou Univesity, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Shuling Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Li J, Wu A, Kim S. Mechanistic Modeling of Intrathecal Chemotherapy Pharmacokinetics in the Human Central Nervous System. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1397-1408. [PMID: 38289997 PMCID: PMC10984761 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pharmacokinetics of intrathecally administered antibody or small-molecule drugs in the human central nervous system (CNS) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to provide mechanistic and quantitative perspectives on the CNS pharmacokinetics of intrathecal chemotherapy, by using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A novel CNS PBPK model platform was developed and verified, which accounted for the human CNS general anatomy and physiologic processes governing drug distribution and disposition. The model was used to predict CNS pharmacokinetics of antibody (trastuzumab) and small-molecule drugs (methotrexate, abemaciclib, tucatinib) following intraventricular injection or intraventricular 24-hour infusion, and to assess the key determinants of drug penetration into the deep brain parenchyma. RESULTS Intraventricularly administered antibody and small-molecule drugs exhibited distinct temporal and spatial distribution and disposition in human CNS. Both antibody and small-molecule drugs achieved supratherapeutic or therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments and adjacent brain tissue. While intrathecal small-molecule drugs penetrated the deep brain parenchyma to a negligible extent, intrathecal antibodies may achieve therapeutic concentrations in the deep brain parenchyma. Intraventricular 24-hour infusion enabled prolonged CNS exposure to therapeutically relevant concentrations while avoiding excessively high and potentially neurotoxic drug concentrations. CONCLUSIONS CNS PBPK modeling, in line with available clinical efficacy data, confirms the therapeutic value of intrathecal chemotherapy with antibody or small-molecule drugs for treating neoplastic meningitis and warrants further clinical investigation of intrathecal antibody drugs to treat brain parenchyma tumors. Compared with intraventricular injection, intraventricular 24-hour infusion may mitigate neurotoxicity while retaining potential efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 482012
| | - Andrew Wu
- Northville High School, 45700 Six Mile Rd, Northville, MI 48168
| | - Seongho Kim
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 482012
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Ebert A, Dahley C, Goss KU. Pitfalls in evaluating permeability experiments with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106699. [PMID: 38232636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
When studying the transport of molecules across biological membranes, intrinsic membrane permeability (P0) is more informative than apparent permeability (Papp), because it eliminates external (setup-specific) factors, provides consistency across experiments and mechanistic insight. It is thus an important building block for modeling the total permeability in any given scenario. However, extracting P0 is often difficult, if not impossible, when the membrane is not the dominant transport resistance. In this work, we set out to analyze Papp values measured with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers of 69 literature references. We checked the Papp values for a total of 318 different compounds for the extractability of P0, considering possible limitations by aqueous boundary layers, paracellular transport, recovery issues, active transport, a possible proton flux limitation, and sink conditions. Overall, we were able to extract 77 reliable P0 values, which corresponds to about one quarter of the total compounds analyzed, while about half were limited by the diffusion through the aqueous layers. Compared to an existing data set of P0 values published by Avdeef, our approach resulted in a much higher exclusion of compounds. This is a consequence of stricter compound- and reference-specific exclusion criteria, but also because we considered possible concentration-shift effects due to different pH values in the aqueous layers, an effect only recently described in literature. We thus provide a consistent and reliable set of P0, e.g. as a basis for future modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Carolin Dahley
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Federal Republic of Germany
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8
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Chiu YW, Tung CW, Wang CC. Multitask learning for predicting pulmonary absorption of chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114453. [PMID: 38244667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary absorption is an important route for drug delivery and chemical exposure. To streamline the chemical assessment process for the reduction of animal experiments, several animal-free models were developed for pulmonary absorption research. While Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells and their derived computational models were used in estimating pulmonary permeability, the ex vivo isolated perfused lung (IPL) models are considered more clinically relevant measurements. However, the IPL experiments are resource-consuming making it infeasible for the large-scale screening of potential inhaled toxicants and drugs. In silico models are desirable for estimating pulmonary absorption. This study presented a novel machine learning method that employed an extratrees-based multitask learning approach to predict the IPL absorption rate constant (kaIPL) of various chemicals. The shared permeability knowledge was extracted by simultaneously learning three relevant tasks of Caco-2 and Calu-3 cell permeability and IPL absorption rate. Seven informative physicochemical descriptors were identified. A rigorous evaluation of the developed prediction model showed good performance with a high correlation between predictions and observations (r = 0.84) in the independent test dataset. Two case studies of inhalation drugs and respiratory sensitizers revealed the potential application of this model, which may serve as a valuable tool for predicting pulmonary absorption of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chiu
- Department and Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department and Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Lihe H, Lu L, Zhang Z, Yang S, Meng N, Xiong Y, Fan X, Chen Z, Lu W, Xie C, Liu M. Intranasal G5-BGG/pDNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 by Transfecting Mucosal Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303261. [PMID: 37961920 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease pandemics, including the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, have heightened the demand for vaccines. Although parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity, their effectiveness in respiratory mucosae is limited. Considering the crucial role of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in mucosal immune responses, in this study, the intranasal complex composed of G5-BGG and antigen-expressing plasmid DNA (pSP), named G5-BGG/pSP complex, is developed to activate NALT and to promote both systemic and mucosal immune defense. G5-BGG/pSP could traverse mucosal barriers and deliver DNA to the target cells because of its superior nasal retention and permeability characteristics. The intranasal G5-BGG/pSP complex elicits robust antigen-specific immune responses, such as the notable production of IgG antibody against several virus variants. More importantly, it induces elevated levels of antigen-specific IgA antibody and a significant expansion of the lung-resident T lymphocyte population. Notably, the intranasal G5-BGG/pSP complex results in antigen expression and maturation of dendritic cells in nasal mucosae. These findings exhibit the potential of G5-BGG, a novel cationic material, as an effective gene carrier for intranasal vaccines to obtain robust systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zezhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongye Lihe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zongxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shengmin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingyan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhikai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutica Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular non-coding RNA Institute for Frontier Medical Technology Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Tayzen Pharmlab Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cao Xie
- Shanghai Tayzen Pharmlab Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Stannard H, Koszalka P, Deshpande N, Desjardins Y, Baz M. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Epigalocatechin-3-Gallate, a Component of Green Tea, against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2447. [PMID: 38140688 PMCID: PMC10747412 DOI: 10.3390/v15122447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza antiviral drugs are important tools in our fight against both annual influenza epidemics and pandemics. Polyphenols are a group of compounds found in plants, some of which have demonstrated promising antiviral activity. Previous in vitro and mouse studies have outlined the anti-influenza virus effectiveness of the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); however, no study has utilised the ferret model, which is considered the gold-standard for influenza antiviral studies. This study aimed to explore the antiviral efficacy of EGCG in vitro and in ferrets. We first performed studies in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) and human lung carcinoma (Calu-3) cells, which demonstrated antiviral activity. In MDCK cells, we observed a selective index (SI, CC50/IC50) of 77 (290 µM/3.8 µM) and 96 (290 µM/3.0 µM) against A/California/07/2009 and A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus, respectively. Calu-3 cells demonstrated a SI of 16 (420 µM/26 µM) and 18 (420 µM/24 µM). Ferrets infected with A/California/07/2009 influenza virus and treated with EGCG (500 mg/kg/day for 4 days) had no change in respiratory tissue viral titres, in contrast to oseltamivir treatment, which significantly reduced viral load in the lungs of treated animals. Therefore, we demonstrated that although EGCG showed antiviral activity in vitro against influenza viruses, the drug failed to impair viral replication in the respiratory tract of ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Stannard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (H.S.)
| | - Paulina Koszalka
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (H.S.)
| | - Nikita Deshpande
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (H.S.)
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Societé (NUTRISS) Center, Faculté de Sciences de L’agriculture et de L’alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4L3, Canada
| | - Mariana Baz
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (H.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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11
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Tratnjek L, Simić L, Vukelić K, Knežević Z, Kreft ME. Novel nasal formulation of xylometazoline with hyaluronic acid: In vitro ciliary beat frequency study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:136-146. [PMID: 37804998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute viral rhinosinusitis (viral ARS), or commonly referred to as the "common cold", is caused by respiratory viruses that cause disruption of the airway epithelial barrier and mucociliary dysfunction. Treatment of ARS is mainly symptomatic, with xylometazoline, a direct-acting α-adrenoceptor agonist, commonly used as a nasal decongestant. Unfortunately, this treatment does not resolve the epithelial dysfunction observed in ARS, and its use might negatively impact the nasal mucosa causing issues such as dryness, stinging, burning, rebound congestion, as well as atrophy. In light of this, a novel nasal spray formulation containing both xylometazoline and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed to provide a more effective and safer treatment for viral ARS. HA is a natural polysaccharide known to hydrate and moisturise the upper respiratory tract, maintain the integrity of the nasal mucosa, and promote mucociliary clearance and wound healing. To investigate the potential of this combination, this study was conducted using the nasal MucilAirTMin vitro model and high-speed phase-contrast microscopy to examine the effect of xylometazoline and HA on ciliary function by measuring ciliary beat frequency and their cytotoxicity by morphological, histological and ultrastructural analysis. This research is the first to assess the effects of a specific dose and molecular weight of HA as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in nasal spray formulations. The combination of a fast-acting decongestant and an additional active agent targeting nasal epithelial dysfunction has the potential to provide an improved, reliable and safe treatment for viral ARS, and may serve as the basis for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura Simić
- Jadran-galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karina Vukelić
- Jadran-galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zdravka Knežević
- Jadran-galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Bendas S, Koch EV, Nehlsen K, May T, Dietzel A, Reichl S. The Path from Nasal Tissue to Nasal Mucosa on Chip: Part 1-Establishing a Nasal In Vitro Model for Drug Delivery Testing Based on a Novel Cell Line. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2245. [PMID: 37765214 PMCID: PMC10536430 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the registration of drugs for nasal application with systemic effects. Previous preclinical in vitro test systems for transmucosal drug absorption studies have mostly been based on primary cells or on tumor cell lines such as RPMI 2650, but both approaches have disadvantages. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish and characterize a novel immortalized nasal epithelial cell line as the basis for an improved 3D cell culture model of the nasal mucosa. First, porcine primary cells were isolated and transfected. The P1 cell line obtained from this process was characterized in terms of its expression of tissue-specific properties, namely, mucus expression, cilia formation, and epithelial barrier formation. Using air-liquid interface cultivation, it was possible to achieve both high mucus formation and the development of functional cilia. Epithelial integrity was expressed as both transepithelial electrical resistance and mucosal permeability, which was determined for sodium fluorescein, rhodamine B, and FITC-dextran 4000. We noted a high comparability of the novel cell culture model with native excised nasal mucosa in terms of these measures. Thus, this novel cell line seems to offer a promising approach for developing 3D nasal mucosa tissues that exhibit favorable characteristics to be used as an in vitro system for testing drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bendas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (E.V.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Eugen Viktor Koch
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (E.V.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristina Nehlsen
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Tobias May
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.N.); (T.M.)
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (E.V.K.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (E.V.K.); (A.D.)
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13
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Henriques P, Bicker J, Silva S, Doktorovová S, Fortuna A. Nasal-PAMPA: A novel non-cell-based high throughput screening assay for prediction of nasal drug permeability. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123252. [PMID: 37479103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In nasal drug product development, screening studies are vital to select promising compounds or formulations. The Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA), a high throughput screening tool, has been applied to evaluate drug permeability across several barriers such as the skin or blood-brain barrier. Herein, a new nasal-PAMPA model was optimized to predict nasal permeability, using a biorelevant donor medium containing mucin. The apparent permeability (Papp) of 15 reference compounds was assessed in six different experimental conditions, and the most discriminating and predictive model was applied to a test drug (piroxicam) and mucoadhesive powder formulations loading the same drug. The model with 0.5% (w/v) mucin in the donor compartment and 2% (w/v) phosphatidylcholine in the lipid membrane accurately distinguished high and low permeable compounds. Additionally, it exhibited the highest correlation with permeation across human nasal epithelial cells, RPMI 2650 (R2 = 0.93). When applied to powder formulations, this model was sensitive to the presence of mucoadhesive excipients and the drug solid state. Overall, the nasal-PAMPA model was more rapid than cell-based assays, without requiring specialized training or equipment, showing to be a promising in vitro tool that can be applied in drug and formulation screening for nasal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; R&D, Drug Product Development, Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Soraia Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Fortuna
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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Boyuklieva R, Zagorchev P, Pilicheva B. Computational, In Vitro, and In Vivo Models for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery Studies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2198. [PMID: 37626694 PMCID: PMC10452071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery offers the opportunity to treat central nervous system disorders more effectively due to the possibility of drug molecules reaching the brain without passing through the blood-brain barrier. Such a delivery route allows the desired anatomic site to be reached while ensuring drug effectiveness, minimizing side effects, and limiting drug losses and degradation. However, the absorption of intranasally administered entities is a complex process that considerably depends on the interplay between the characteristics of the drug delivery systems and the nasal mucosa. Various preclinical models (in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) are used to study the transport of drugs after intranasal administration. The present review article attempts to summarize the different computational and experimental models used so far to investigate the direct delivery of therapeutic agents or colloidal carriers from the nasal cavity to the brain tissue. Moreover, it provides a critical evaluation of the data available from different studies and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Boyuklieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Plamen Zagorchev
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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15
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Martinez Ledo A, Thibodeaux S, Duong L, Altinoglu E, Dimke T, Shaw D, Rowlands D, Growcott E. Aerosol technology to mimic dry powder inhalation in vitro using pulmonary cell models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00123-6. [PMID: 37196872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled therapy confers key advantages for the treatment of topical pulmonary diseases and offers potential for systemic delivery of medicines. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are generally the preferred devices for pulmonary delivery due to improved stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, the mechanisms governing drug powder dissolution and availability in the lung and poorly understood. Here, we report a new in vitro system to study epithelial absorption of inhaled dry powders in lung barrier models of the upper and lower airway. The system is based on a CULTEX® RFS (Radial Flow System) cell exposure module joined to a Vilnius aerosol generator and allows the coupling of drug dissolution and permeability assessments. The cellular models recapitulate the barrier morphology and function of healthy and diseased pulmonary epithelium and incorporate the mucosal barrier to enable the investigation of drug powder dissolution in biorelevant conditions. With this system, we found differences in permeability across the airway tree and pinpointed the impact of diseased barriers in paracellular drug transport. Furthermore, we identified a different rank order of permeability for compounds tested in solution or powder form. These results highlight the value of this in vitro drug aerosolization setup for use in research and development of inhaled medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martinez Ledo
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Stefan Thibodeaux
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Lisa Duong
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Erhan Altinoglu
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Dimke
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Duncan Shaw
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - David Rowlands
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States.
| | - Ellena Growcott
- Disease Area X, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States.
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16
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Li L, Tan L, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Li R, Hou S. Nose-to-brain delivery of self-assembled curcumin-lactoferrin nanoparticles: Characterization, neuroprotective effect and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1168408. [PMID: 37051277 PMCID: PMC10084992 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1168408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenol extract with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which indicates its great potential for neuroprotection. Lactoferrin (LF), a commonly used oral carrier and targeting ligand, has not been reported as a multifunctional nanocarrier for nose-to-brain delivery. This study aims to develop a nose-to-brain delivery system of curcumin-lactoferrin nanoparticles (CUR-LF NPs) and to further evaluate the neuroprotective effects in vitro and brain accumulation in vivo. Herein, CUR-LF NPs were prepared by the desolvation method with a particle size of 84.8 ± 6.5 nm and a zeta potential of +22.8 ± 4.3 mV. The permeability coefficient of CUR-LF NPs (4.36 ± 0.79 × 10−6 cm/s) was 50 times higher than that of CUR suspension (0.09 ± 0.04 × 10−6 cm/s) on MDCK monolayer, indicating that the nanoparticles could improve the absorption efficiency of CUR in the nasal cavity. Moreover, CUR-LF NPs showed excellent protection against Aβ25-35-induced nerve damage in PC12 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that the brain-targeting efficiency of CUR-LF NPs via IN administration was 248.1%, and the nose-to-brain direct transport percentage was 59.7%. Collectively, nose-to-brain delivery of CUR-LF NPs is capable of achieving superior brain enrichment and potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwei Tan
- Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushan Cheng
- Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Hou, ; Rui Li,
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Hou, ; Rui Li,
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17
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Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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Temesszentandrási-Ambrus C, Nagy G, Bui A, Gáborik Z. A Unique In Vitro Assay to Investigate ABCB4 Transport Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054459. [PMID: 36901890 PMCID: PMC10003010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCB4 is almost exclusively expressed in the liver, where it plays an essential role in bile formation by transporting phospholipids into the bile. ABCB4 polymorphisms and deficiencies in humans are associated with a wide spectrum of hepatobiliary disorders, attesting to its crucial physiological function. Inhibition of ABCB4 by drugs may lead to cholestasis and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), although compared with other drug transporters, there are only a few identified substrates and inhibitors of ABCB4. Since ABCB4 shares up to 76% identity and 86% similarity in the amino acid sequence with ABCB1, also known to have common drug substrates and inhibitors, we aimed to develop an ABCB4 expressing Abcb1-knockout MDCKII cell line for transcellular transport assays. This in vitro system allows the screening of ABCB4-specific drug substrates and inhibitors independently of ABCB1 activity. Abcb1KO-MDCKII-ABCB4 cells constitute a reproducible, conclusive, and easy to use assay to study drug interactions with digoxin as a substrate. Screening a set of drugs with different DILI outcomes proved that this assay is applicable to test ABCB4 inhibitory potency. Our results are consistent with prior findings concerning hepatotoxicity causality and provide new insights for identifying drugs as potential ABCB4 inhibitors and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Temesszentandrási-Ambrus
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Laboratories Hungary, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Laboratories Hungary, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Bui
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Laboratories Hungary, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Gáborik
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Laboratories Hungary, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-303879216
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19
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Haasbroek-Pheiffer A, Van Niekerk S, Van der Kooy F, Cloete T, Steenekamp J, Hamman J. In vitro and ex vivo experimental models for evaluation of intranasal systemic drug delivery as well as direct nose-to-brain drug delivery. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:94-112. [PMID: 36736328 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route of administration provides a noninvasive method to deliver drugs into the systemic circulation and/or directly into the brain. Direct nose-to-brain drug delivery offers the possibility to treat central nervous system diseases more effectively, as it can evade the blood-brain barrier. In vitro and ex vivo intranasal models provide a means to investigate physiological and pharmaceutical factors that could play a role in drug delivery across the nasal epithelium as well as to determine the mechanisms involved in drug absorption from the nose. The development and implementation of cost-effective pharmacokinetic models for intranasal drug delivery with good in vitro-in vivo correlation can accelerate pharmaceutical drug product development and improve economic and ecological aspects by reducing the time and costs spent on animal studies. Special considerations should be made with regard to the purpose of the in vitro/ex vivo study, namely, whether it is intended to predict systemic or brain delivery, source and site of tissue or cell sampling, viability window of selected model, and the experimental setup of diffusion chambers. The type of model implemented should suit the relevant needs and requirements of the project, researcher, and interlaboratory. This review aims to provide an overview of in vitro and ex vivo models that have been developed to study intranasal and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Haasbroek-Pheiffer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suzanne Van Niekerk
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Frank Van der Kooy
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Theunis Cloete
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan Steenekamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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20
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Tian D, Yang Y, Zhang H, Du H, Zhou H, Wang T. Comparison of Ussing Chamber and Caco-2 Model in Evaluation of Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Compounds from Different BCS Classifications. DRUG METABOLISM AND BIOANALYSIS LETTERS 2023; 16:105-112. [PMID: 37711012 DOI: 10.2174/2949681016666230913105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral bioavailability (F), which is evaluated by permeability and solubility, is one of the key parameters in drug discovery. Currently, Caco-2 and Ussing chamber are both used in the study of intestinal permeability of drugs at different stages of drug development. However, comparative research between the Ussing chamber and Caco-2 for predicting the intestinal availability data (Fa×Fg) in humans has not been reported. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the permeability of 22 drugs in rat intestines by Ussing chamber and compared them with the reported permeability data from Caco-2. In addition, the active transport of gabapentin was evaluated by Ussing Chamber. RESULTS Intestine segments were selected by corresponding absorption site for Ussing chamber analysis. BCS Class I and II compounds were more absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum, and Class III and IV compounds were more absorbed in the ileum. Papp values in the Caco-2 model were moderately correlated with human Fa×Fg (R2=0.722), and the Papp of the rat in the Ussing chamber revealed a better correlation with human Fa×Fg (R2=0.952). In addition, we also used the Ussing chamber to identify the transporter of gabapentin, and the results showed that the active absorption of gabapentin was related to LAT1. CONCLUSION Ussing chamber combined with rat intestinal tissue would be a significant tool for predicting the intestinal absorption and metabolism of compounds with diverse physiochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongwen Du
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
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21
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Doryab A, Schmid O. Towards a gold standard functional readout to characterize In Vitro lung barriers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 179:106305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Lin HL, Chiu YW, Wang CC, Tung CW. Computational prediction of Calu-3-based in vitro pulmonary permeability of chemicals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 135:105265. [PMID: 36198368 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary is a potential route for drug delivery and exposure to toxic chemicals. The human bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-3 is generally considered to be a useful in vitro model of pulmonary permeability by calculating the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values. Since in vitro experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive, computational models for pulmonary permeability are desirable for accelerating drug design and toxic chemical assessment. This study presents the first attempt for developing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for addressing this goal. A total of 57 chemicals with Papp values based on Calu-3 experiments was first curated from literature for model development and testing. Subsequently, eleven descriptors were identified by a sequential forward feature selection algorithm to maximize the cross-validation performance of a voting regression model integrating linear regression and nonlinear random forest algorithms. With applicability domain adjustment, the developed model achieved high performance with correlation coefficient values of 0.935 and 0.824 for cross-validation and independent test, respectively. The preliminary results showed that computational models could be helpful for predicting Calu-3-based in vitro Pulmonary Permeability of Chemicals. Future works include the collection of more data for further validating and improving the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
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23
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Sabra R, Narula A, Taylor LS, Li N. Comparisons of in Vitro Models to Evaluate the Membrane Permeability of Amorphous Drug Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3412-3428. [PMID: 35972995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous formation of amorphous drug nanoparticles following the release of a drug from a supersaturating formulation is gaining increasing attention due to their potential contribution to increased oral bioavailability. The formation of nanosized drug particles also has considerable implications for the interpretation of in vitro and in vivo data. However, the membrane transport properties of these drug particles remain less well understood. Herein, the membrane permeation of nanosized amorphous drug particles of a model drug atazanavir was evaluated using different artificial membrane-based, cell-based, and animal tissue-based models. Results showed that flux enhancement by particles was different for the various systems used. Generally, good agreement was obtained among experiments performed using the same apparatus with different model membranes, with the exception of the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell monolayer and the Long-Evans rat intestine tissue, which showed lower flux enhancements. Franz cell-based models showed slightly higher flux enhancements by particles compared to Transwell and intestinal tissue sac models. Mass transport analysis suggested that the extent of flux enhancement by particles is dependent on the geometry of the apparatus as well as the properties of the membrane and buffer used, whereas the flux plateau concentration is dependent on the unstirred water later (UWL) asymmetry. These results highlight the complexity in characterizing the permeability advantage of these nonmembrane permeable drug particles and suggest that caution should be used in selecting the appropriate in vitro model to evaluate the overall permeability of colloidal drug particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Sabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Akshay Narula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Perkušić M, Nižić Nodilo L, Ugrina I, Špoljarić D, Jakobušić Brala C, Pepić I, Lovrić J, Matijašić G, Gretić M, Zadravec D, Kalogjera L, Hafner A. Tailoring functional spray-dried powder platform for efficient donepezil nose-to-brain delivery. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122038. [PMID: 35870666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shortcomings of oral donepezil administration in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have paved the way for ongoing investigations towards more efficient and safe donepezil nose-to-brain delivery. Herein we present the development of advantageous powder platform for donepezil nose-to-brain delivery, coupling careful design of chitosan and mannitol-based carrier matrix with spray-drying technology advantages and early consideration of adequate nasal administration mode, employing QbD approach. Unprecedentedly, ultrasonic nozzle was used to atomise the drying feed in response to size-related requirements for nasal aerosol particles. The optimised spray-drying process resulted in free-flowable dry powder with a great majority of particles larger than 10 µm, ensuring localised nasal deposition upon aerosolization, as evidenced by using 3D-printed nasal cavity model. QbD approach coupling formulation, process and administration parameters enabled optimisation of drug deposition profile reaching tremendously high 65.5 % of the applied dose deposited in the olfactory region. The leading formulation exhibited favourable swelling, mucoadhesion, drug release and permeation-enhancing properties, suiting the needs for efficient brain-targeted delivery. Results of in vitro biocompatibility and physico-chemical stability studies confirmed the leading formulation potential for safe and efficient donepezil nose-to-brain delivery. The obtained results encourage extending the study to an appropriate in vivo model needed for the final proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Perkušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Nižić Nodilo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Pepić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Matijašić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Gretić
- Genera, Inc., Part of Dechra Pharmaceuticals PLC Group, Rakov Potok, Croatia
| | - Dijana Zadravec
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livije Kalogjera
- ENT Department, Zagreb School of Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: An Alternative Approach to Improve Brain Bioavailability of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs through Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071487. [PMID: 35890385 PMCID: PMC9319231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts in discovering new and effective neurotherapeutics are made daily, although most fail to reach clinical trials. The main reason is their poor bioavailability, related to poor aqueous solubility, limited permeability through biological membranes, and the hepatic first-pass metabolism. Nevertheless, crossing the blood–brain barrier is the major drawback associated with brain drug delivery. To overcome it, intranasal administration has become more attractive, in some cases even surpassing the oral route. The unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity allow partial direct drug delivery to the brain, circumventing the blood–brain barrier. Systemic absorption through the nasal cavity also avoids the hepatic first-pass metabolism, increasing the systemic bioavailability of highly metabolized entities. Nevertheless, most neurotherapeutics present physicochemical characteristics that require them to be formulated in lipidic nanosystems as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). These are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants that, after aqueous dilution, generate micro or nanoemulsions loading high concentrations of lipophilic drugs. SEDDS should overcome drug precipitation in absorption sites, increase their permeation through absorptive membranes, and enhance the stability of labile drugs against enzymatic activity. Thus, combining the advantages of SEDDS and those of the intranasal route for brain delivery, an increase in drugs’ brain targeting and bioavailability could be expected. This review deeply characterizes SEDDS as a lipidic nanosystem, gathering important information regarding the mechanisms associated with the intranasal delivery of drugs loaded in SEDDS. In the end, in vivo results after SEDDS intranasal or oral administration are discussed, globally revealing their efficacy in comparison with common solutions or suspensions.
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Guan C, Yang Y, Tian D, Jiang Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Yan J, Zhang C, Chen C, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang Y, Du H, Zhou H, Wang T. Evaluation of an Ussing Chamber System Equipped with Rat Intestinal Tissues to Predict Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism in Humans. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:639-652. [PMID: 35733077 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Oral bioavailability (F) is one of the key factors that need to be determined in drug discovery. This factor is determined by the permeability and solubility of new molecule entities (NMEs) according to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the permeability of 22 drugs in rat intestinal tissues using an Ussing chamber system and correlated the permeability with data on human intestinal absorption (Fa) and intestinal availability (Fa × Fg) reported in the literature. RESULTS The rat intestinal permeability data were better correlated with the combined effect of the absorbed fraction (Fa) and the fraction escaping intestinal metabolism (Fg) than Fa itself. Clear regional dependent absorption was observed for most of the test drugs, and ileal Papp was generally higher than that in other segments. Finally, the function of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with regard to oral absorption of substrates was evaluated with an Ussing chamber. We also demonstrated that the rat intestinal stability of the three cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates was consistent with the human data. CONCLUSION An Ussing chamber system incorporating rat intestinal tissue would be a valuable tool to predict human intestinal absorption and metabolism for molecules with various physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Guan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yali Li
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jiaxiu Yan
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Congman Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongwen Du
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Department, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Cunha S, Swedrowska M, Bellahnid Y, Xu Z, Sousa Lobo J, Forbes B, Silva A. Thermosensitive in situ hydrogels of rivastigmine-loaded lipid-based nanosystems for nose-to-brain delivery: characterisation, biocompatibility, and drug deposition studies. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Applicability of RPMI 2650 and Calu-3 Cell Models for Evaluation of Nasal Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020369. [PMID: 35214101 PMCID: PMC8877043 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The RPMI 2650 and Calu-3 cell lines have been previously evaluated as models of the nasal and airway epithelial barrier, and they have demonstrated the potential to be used in drug permeation studies. However, limited data exist on the utilization of these two cell models for the assessment of nasal formulations. In our study, we tested these cell lines for the evaluation of in vitro permeation of intranasally administered drugs having a local and systemic effect from different solution- and suspension-based formulations to observe how the effects of formulations reflect on the measured in vitro drug permeability. Both models were shown to be sufficiently discriminative and able to reveal the effect of formulation compositions on drug permeability, as they demonstrated differences in the in vitro drug permeation comparable to the in vivo bioavailability. Good correlation with the available bioavailability data was also established for a limited number of drugs formulated as intranasal solutions. The investigated cell lines can be applied to the evaluation of in vitro permeation of intranasally administered drugs with a local and systemic effect from solution- and suspension-based formulations.
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Core-shell lipoplexes inducing active macropinocytosis promote intranasal delivery of c-Myc siRNA for treatment of glioblastoma. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:478-490. [PMID: 34757231 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, whose malignancy is closely correlated with elevated proto-oncogene c-myc. Intranasal administration emerges as a potential approach to deliver gene into the brain and interfere c-Myc expression. However, powerful permeability in nasal mucosa, selective delivery to glioma and avoidance of premature release during remote transport are imperative to ensure the therapeutic effectiveness. To address the above concerns, herein we constructed a lipoplex based on pre-compression of c-Myc-targeting siRNA (sic-Myc) by octaarginine and subsequent encapsulation by liposome modified with a selected peptide derived from penetratin, named 89WP. It was found that the lipoplex exhibited a stable core-shell structure and could be preferentially internalized along with cell debris by glioma cells via active macropinocytosis. Through this cellular uptake pathway, the lipoplex avoided being entrapped by lysosome and released siRNA in cytoplasm within 4 h, inducing substantial downregulation of c-Myc mRNA and protein expression of glioma cells. Furthermore, due to significantly enhanced permeability in tumor spheroids and nasal mucosa, the lipoplex was competent to deliver more siRNA to orthotopic glioma after intranasal administration, and therefore prolonged the survival time of glioma-bearing mice by inducing apoptosis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In the present work, a lipoplex was designed to address the unmet demands on intranasal siRNA delivery to the brain for treatment of glioma. First, a powerful peptide was selected to enable the lipoplex to penetrate nasal mucosa. Second, we found the lipoplex could be selectively internalized along with cell debris by glioma cells via active macropinocytosis, and recorded the entire process. This cellular uptake pathway not only prevented the lipoplex being entrapped by lysosome, but also increased distribution of the lipoplex in orthotopic glioma. Third, this lipoplex provided additional protection for siRNA to avoid premature release during transport from nasal to brain. Overall, this lipoplex improved the gene delivery efficiency of intranasal administration and was promising in the perspective of selectively silencing disease-related genes in intracranial tumor.
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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Costa CP, Barreiro S, Moreira JN, Silva R, Almeida H, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. In Vitro Studies on Nasal Formulations of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:711. [PMID: 34451808 PMCID: PMC8400558 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal route has been used for many years for the local treatment of nasal diseases. More recently, this route has been gaining momentum, due to the possibility of targeting the central nervous system (CNS) from the nasal cavity, avoiding the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this area, the use of lipid nanoparticles, such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), in nasal formulations has shown promising outcomes on a wide array of indications such as brain diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and gliomas. Herein, the state of the art of the most recent literature available on in vitro studies with nasal formulations of lipid nanoparticles is discussed. Specific in vitro cell culture models are needed to assess the cytotoxicity of nasal formulations and to explore the underlying mechanism(s) of drug transport and absorption across the nasal mucosa. In addition, different studies with 3D nasal casts are reported, showing their ability to predict the drug deposition in the nasal cavity and evaluating the factors that interfere in this process, such as nasal cavity area, type of administration device and angle of application, inspiratory flow, presence of mucoadhesive agents, among others. Notwithstanding, they do not preclude the use of confirmatory in vivo studies, a significant impact on the 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement) principle within the scope of animal experiments is expected. The use of 3D nasal casts to test nasal formulations of lipid nanoparticles is still totally unexplored, to the authors best knowledge, thus constituting a wide open field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Pina Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.C.); (H.A.); (J.M.S.L.)
| | - Sandra Barreiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.B.); (R.S.)
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- UC—University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Hugo Almeida
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.C.); (H.A.); (J.M.S.L.)
| | - José Manuel Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.C.); (H.A.); (J.M.S.L.)
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.C.); (H.A.); (J.M.S.L.)
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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Lee MC, Chen YK, Tsai-Wu JJ, Hsu YJ, Lin BR. Zinc supplementation augments the suppressive effects of repurposed NF-κB inhibitors on ACE2 expression in human lung cell lines. Life Sci 2021; 280:119752. [PMID: 34171382 PMCID: PMC8219909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system and also a major receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we reveal a role for NF-κB in human lung cell expression of ACE2, and we further explore the potential utility of repurposing NF-κB inhibitors to downregulate ACE2. Main methods Expression of ACE2 was assessed by Western blotting and RT-qPCR in multiple human lung cell lines with or without NF-κB inhibitor treatment. Surface ACE2 expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured with flow cytometry. p50 was knocked down with siRNA. Cytotoxicity was monitored by PARP cleavage and MTS assay. Key findings Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, suppressed endogenous ACE2 mRNA and protein expression in H322M and Calu-3 cells. The ROS level in H322M cells was increased after PDTC treatment, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) reversed PDTC-induced ACE2 suppression. Meanwhile, treatment with hydrogen peroxide augmented ACE2 suppression in H322M cells with p50 knockdown. Two repurposed NF-κB inhibitors, the anthelmintic drug triclabendazole and the antiprotozoal drug emetine, also reduced ACE2 mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, zinc supplementation augmented the suppressive effects of triclabendazole and emetine on ACE2 expression in H322M and Calu-3 cells. Significance These results suggest that ACE2 expression is modulated by ROS and NF-κB signaling in human lung cells, and the combination of zinc with triclabendazole or emetine shows promise for clinical treatment of ACE2-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yin-Kai Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Hematology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 10672, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyy-Jih Tsai-Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Jen Hsu
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bor-Ru Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC.
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García-Salvador A, Katsumiti A, Rojas E, Aristimuño C, Betanzos M, Martínez-Moro M, Moya SE, Goñi-de-Cerio F. A Complete In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of the Biological Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: From Acute Toxicity to Multi-Dose Subchronic Cytotoxicity Study. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061577. [PMID: 34208428 PMCID: PMC8234921 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are of significant relevance due to their unique properties, which have been exploited for widespread applications. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) are one of most exploited ENM in the industry due to their excellent catalytic and multi-enzyme mimetic properties. Thus, the toxicological effects of these ENMs should be further studied. In this study, the acute and subchronic toxicity of CeO2-NPs were assessed. First, an in vitro multi-dose short-term (24 h) toxicological assessment was performed in three different cell lines: A549 and Calu3 were used to represented lung tissue and 3T3 was used as an interstitial tissue model. After that, a sub-chronic toxicity assessment (90 days) of these NPs was carried out on a realistic and well-established reconstituted primary human airway epithelial model (MucilAir™), cultured at the Air–Liquid Interface (ALI), to study the long-term effects of these particles. Results showed minor toxicity of CeO2-NPs in acute exposures. However, in subchronic exposures, cytotoxic and inflammatory responses were observed in the human airway epithelial model after 60 days of exposure to CeO2-NPs. These results suggest that acute toxicity approaches may underestimate the toxicological effect of some ENMs, highlighting the need for subchronic toxicological studies in order to accurately assess the toxicity of ENM and their cumulative effects in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García-Salvador
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Rojas
- CIC BiomaGUNE, BRTA, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.R.); (M.M.-M.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Carol Aristimuño
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mónica Betanzos
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Martínez-Moro
- CIC BiomaGUNE, BRTA, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.R.); (M.M.-M.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Sergio E. Moya
- CIC BiomaGUNE, BRTA, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.R.); (M.M.-M.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (A.K.); (C.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-688-649-878
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Baldassi D, Gabold B, Merkel O. Air-liquid interface cultures of the healthy and diseased human respiratory tract: promises, challenges and future directions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000111. [PMID: 34345878 PMCID: PMC7611446 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture models currently represent a valid instrument to recreate the typical aspects of the respiratory tract in vitro in both healthy and diseased state. They can help reducing the number of animal experiments, therefore, supporting the 3R principle. This review discusses ALI cultures and co-cultures derived from immortalized as well as primary cells, which are used to study the most common disorders of the respiratory tract, in terms of both pathophysiology and drug screening. The article displays ALI models used to simulate inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and viral infections. It also includes a focus on ALI cultures described in literature studying respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 causing the global Covid-19 pandemic at the time of writing this review. Additionally, commercially available models of ALI cultures are presented. Ultimately, the aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of ALI models currently available and to critically discuss them in the context of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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A Dry Powder Platform for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dexamethasone: Formulation Development and Nasal Deposition Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060795. [PMID: 34073500 PMCID: PMC8229415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal route of administration offers a unique opportunity of brain targeted drug delivery via olfactory and trigeminal pathway, providing effective CNS concentrations at lower doses and lower risk for adverse reactions compared to systemic drug administration. Therefore, it has been recently proposed as a route of choice for glucocorticoids to control neuroinflammation processes in patients with severe Covid-19. However, appropriate delivery systems tailored to enhance their efficacy yet need to emerge. In this work we present the development of sprayable brain targeting powder delivery platform of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP). DSP-loaded microspheres, optimised employing Quality-by-Design approach, were blended with soluble inert carriers (mannitol or lactose monohydrate). Powder blends were characterized in terms of homogeneity, flow properties, sprayability, in vitro biocompatibility, permeability and mucoadhesion. Nasal deposition studies were performed using 3D printed nasal cavity model. Mannitol provided better powder blend flow properties compared to lactose. Microspheres blended with mannitol retained or enlarged their mucoadhesive properties and enhanced DSP permeability across epithelial model barrier. DSP dose fraction deposited in the olfactory region reached 17.0% revealing the potential of developed powder platform for targeted olfactory delivery. The observed impact of nasal cavity asymmetry highlighted the importance of individual approach when aiming olfactory region.
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Sanchez-Guzman D, Boland S, Brookes O, Mc Cord C, Lai Kuen R, Sirri V, Baeza Squiban A, Devineau S. Long-term evolution of the epithelial cell secretome in preclinical 3D models of the human bronchial epithelium. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6621. [PMID: 33758289 PMCID: PMC7988136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human bronchial epithelium is the first line of defense against atmospheric particles, pollutants, and respiratory pathogens such as the novel SARS-CoV-2. The epithelial cells form a tight barrier and secrete proteins that are major components of the mucosal immune response. Functional in vitro models of the human lung are essential for screening the epithelial response and assessing the toxicity and barrier crossing of drugs, inhaled particles, and pollutants. However, there is a lack of models to investigate the effect of chronic exposure without resorting to animal testing. Here, we developed a 3D model of the human bronchial epithelium using Calu-3 cell line and demonstrated its viability and functionality for 21 days without subculturing. We investigated the effect of reduced Fetal Bovine Serum supplementation in the basal medium and defined the minimal supplementation needed to maintain a functional epithelium, so that the amount of exogenous serum proteins could be reduced during drug testing. The long-term evolution of the epithelial cell secretome was fully characterized by quantitative mass spectrometry in two preclinical models using Calu-3 or primary NHBE cells. 408 common secreted proteins were identified while significant differences in protein abundance were observed with time, suggesting that 7-10 days are necessary to establish a mature secretome in the Calu-3 model. The associated Reactome pathways highlight the role of the secreted proteins in the immune response of the bronchial epithelium. We suggest this preclinical 3D model can be used to evaluate the long-term toxicity of drugs or particles on the human bronchial epithelium, and subsequently to investigate their effect on the epithelial cell secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Boland
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Brookes
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Mc Cord
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
| | - René Lai Kuen
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Facility, US25 Inserm-3612 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Sirri
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, 75013, Paris, France
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Cervena T, Vojtisek-Lom M, Vrbova K, Ambroz A, Novakova Z, Elzeinova F, Sima M, Beranek V, Pechout M, Macoun D, Klema J, Rossnerova A, Ciganek M, Topinka J, Rossner P. Ordinary Gasoline Emissions Induce a Toxic Response in Bronchial Cells Grown at Air-Liquid Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E79. [PMID: 33374749 PMCID: PMC7801947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasoline engine emissions have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans and represent a significant health risk. In this study, we used MucilAir™, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human airway, and BEAS-2B, cells originating from the human bronchial epithelium, grown at the air-liquid interface to assess the toxicity of ordinary gasoline exhaust produced by a direct injection spark ignition engine. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), production of mucin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenylate kinase (AK) activities were analyzed after one day and five days of exposure. The induction of double-stranded DNA breaks was measured by the detection of histone H2AX phosphorylation. Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the modulation of expression of the relevant 370 genes. The exposure to gasoline emissions affected the integrity, as well as LDH and AK leakage in the 3D model, particularly after longer exposure periods. Mucin production was mostly decreased with the exception of longer BEAS-2B treatment, for which a significant increase was detected. DNA damage was detected after five days of exposure in the 3D model, but not in BEAS-2B cells. The expression of CYP1A1 and GSTA3 was modulated in MucilAir™ tissues after 5 days of treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, the expression of 39 mRNAs was affected after short exposure, most of them were upregulated. The five days of exposure modulated the expression of 11 genes in this cell line. In conclusion, the ordinary gasoline emissions induced a toxic response in MucilAir™. In BEAS-2B cells, the biological response was less pronounced, mostly limited to gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cervena
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vojtisek-Lom
- Centre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonin Ambroz
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Zuzana Novakova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Fatima Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Michal Sima
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Vit Beranek
- Centre of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Martin Pechout
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - David Macoun
- Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Jiri Klema
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, 121 35 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Miroslav Ciganek
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (J.T.)
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.C.); (K.V.); (A.A.); (Z.N.); (F.E.); (M.S.)
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Ghosh B, Reyes-Caballero H, Akgün-Ölmez SG, Nishida K, Chandrala L, Smirnova L, Biswal S, Sidhaye VK. Effect of sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, electronic cigarette and waterpipe on human lung epithelial barrier function. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32787821 PMCID: PMC7425557 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking into consideration a recent surge of a lung injury condition associated with electronic cigarette use, we devised an in vitro model of sub-chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air-liquid interface, to determine deterioration of epithelial cell barrier from sub-chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), e-cigarette aerosol (EC), and tobacco waterpipe exposures (TW). METHODS Products analyzed include commercially available e-liquid, with 0% or 1.2% concentration of nicotine, tobacco blend (shisha), and reference-grade cigarette (3R4F). In one set of experiments, HBECs were exposed to EC (0 and 1.2%), CS or control air for 10 days using 1 cigarette/day. In the second set of experiments, exposure of pseudostratified primary epithelial tissue to TW or control air exposure was performed 1-h/day, every other day, until 3 exposures were performed. After 16-18 h of last exposure, we investigated barrier function/structural integrity of the epithelial monolayer with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux assay (FITC-Dextran), measurements of trans-electrical epithelial resistance (TEER), assessment of the percentage of moving cilia, cilia beat frequency (CBF), cell motion, and quantification of E-cadherin gene expression by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS When compared to air control, CS increased fluorescence (FITC-Dextran assay) by 5.6 times, whereby CS and EC (1.2%) reduced TEER to 49 and 60% respectively. CS and EC (1.2%) exposure reduced CBF to 62 and 59%, and cilia moving to 47 and 52%, respectively, when compared to control air. CS and EC (1.2%) increased cell velocity compared to air control by 2.5 and 2.6 times, respectively. The expression of E-cadherin reduced to 39% of control air levels by CS exposure shows an insight into a plausible molecular mechanism. Altogether, EC (0%) and TW exposures resulted in more moderate decreases in epithelial integrity, while EC (1.2%) substantially decreased airway epithelial barrier function comparable with CS exposure. CONCLUSIONS The results support a toxic effect of sub-chronic exposure to EC (1.2%) as evident by disruption of the bronchial epithelial cell barrier integrity, whereas further research is needed to address the molecular mechanism of this observation as well as TW and EC (0%) toxicity in chronic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hermes Reyes-Caballero
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sevcan Gül Akgün-Ölmez
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kristine Nishida
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lakshmana Chandrala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Cell Uptake of Cationic Beta-Cyclodextrins as Valid Tools in Nasal Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070658. [PMID: 32664676 PMCID: PMC7407921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin polymers have high applicability in pharmaceutical formulations due to better biocompatibility, solubility enhancement, loading capacity and controlled drug release than their parent, cyclodextrins. The cytotoxicity and cell uptake of new cationic beta-cyclodextrin monomers and polymers were evaluated as suitable materials for nasal formulations and their protective effects on cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide were studied. PC12 and CACO-2 cells were selected as the neuronal- and epithelial-type cells, respectively, to mimic the structure of respiratory and olfactory epithelia of the nasal cavity. All cationic beta-cyclodextrin polymers tested showed dose- and time-dependent toxicity; nevertheless, at 5 µM concentration and 60 min of exposure, the quaternary-ammonium-beta-cyclodextrin soluble polymer could be recognized as nontoxic. Based on these results, a fluorescently labelled quaternary-ammonium-beta-cyclodextrin monomer and polymer were selected for uptake studies in CACO-2 cells. The monomeric and polymeric beta-cyclodextrins were internalized in the cytoplasm of CACO-2 cells; the cationic monomer showed higher permeability than the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, employed as comparison. Therefore, these cationic beta-cyclodextrins showed potential as excipients able to improve the nasal absorption of drugs. Furthermore, amino-beta-cyclodextrin and beta-cyclodextrin soluble polymers were able to reduce oxidative damage in PC12 and CACO-2 cells and thus could be studied as bioactive carriers or potential drugs for cell protection against oxidative stress.
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Barilli A, Visigalli R, Ferrari F, Di Lascia M, Riccardi B, Puccini P, Dall’Asta V, Rotoli BM. Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) in EpiAirway™, A Cellular Model of Normal Human Bronchial Epithelium. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050127. [PMID: 32438722 PMCID: PMC7277691 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and novel organic cation transporters (OCTNs) are responsible for drug delivery in the intestine and kidney; in the lung, OCTs mediate inhaled drugs’ transport, although their physiological role in airways remains poorly understood. The studies addressing OCTs/OCTNs in human airways were mostly performed in immortal or transformed cell lines; here, we studied OCTs in EpiAirway™, a recently developed in vitro model of normal bronchial epithelium. Calu-3 monolayers were used for comparison. The activity of OCTs was evaluated by measuring the uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) at the apical and basolateral side of monolayers and protein expression through Western Blot analysis. OCTs and OCTNs expression, along with that of Amino acid Transporter B0,+ (ATB0,+)transporter, was determined by measuring the number of mRNA molecules through quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The interaction of the transporters with bronchodilators was also assessed. Results highlight significant differences between Calu-3 cells and EpiAirway™, since, in the latter, OCTs are active only on the basolateral membrane where they interact with the bronchodilator ipratropium. No activity of OCTs is detectable at the apical side; there, the most abundant carrier is, instead, SLC6A14/ATB0,+, that can thus be potentially listed among organic cation transporters responsible for drug delivery in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Barilli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Rossana Visigalli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Francesca Ferrari
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Maria Di Lascia
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Benedetta Riccardi
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Puccini
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Valeria Dall’Asta
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (B.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (B.M.R.)
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Rotoli BM, Barilli A, Visigalli R, Ferrari F, Frati C, Lagrasta CA, Di Lascia M, Riccardi B, Puccini P, Dall’Asta V. Characterization of ABC Transporters in EpiAirway™, a Cellular Model of Normal Human Bronchial Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093190. [PMID: 32366035 PMCID: PMC7247561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) play a crucial role in the translocation of a broad range of drugs; data about their expression and activity in lung tissue are controversial. Here, we address their expression, localization and function in EpiAirway™, a three-dimensional (3D)-model of human airways; Calu-3 cells, a representative in vitro model of bronchial epithelium, are used for comparison. Transporter expression has been evaluated with RT-qPCR and Western blot, the localization with immunocytochemistry, and the activity by measuring the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical fluxes of specific substrates in the presence of inhibitors. EpiAirway™ and Calu-3 cells express high levels of MRP1 on the basolateral membrane, while they profoundly differ in terms of BCRP and MDR1: BCRP is detected in EpiAirway™, but not in Calu-3 cells, while MDR1 is expressed and functional only in fully-differentiated Calu-3; in EpiAirway™, MDR1 expression and activity are undetectable, consistently with the absence of the protein in specimens from human healthy bronchi. In summary, EpiAirway™ appears to be a promising tool to study the mechanisms of drug delivery in the bronchial epithelium and to clarify the role of ABC transporters in the modulation of the bioavailability of administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-033785
| | - Amelia Barilli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| | - Rossana Visigalli
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| | - Francesca Ferrari
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
| | - Caterina Frati
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Costanza Annamaria Lagrasta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.F.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Maria Di Lascia
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Dept., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Francesco Belloli, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Benedetta Riccardi
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Dept., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Francesco Belloli, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Puccini
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Biochemistry & Metabolism Dept., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Largo Francesco Belloli, 43122 Parma, Italy; (M.D.L.); (B.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Valeria Dall’Asta
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (R.V.); (F.F.); (V.D.)
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Luengen AE, Kniebs C, Buhl EM, Cornelissen CG, Schmitz-Rode T, Jockenhoevel S, Thiebes AL. Choosing the Right Differentiation Medium to Develop Mucociliary Phenotype of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6963. [PMID: 32332878 PMCID: PMC7181704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of airway epithelium is of interest for respiratory tissue engineering and studying airway diseases. Both applications benefit from the use of primary cells to maintain a mucociliated phenotype and thus physiological functionality. Complex differentiation procedures often lack standardization and reproducibility. To alleviate these shortfalls, we compared differentiation behavior of human nasal epithelial cells in four differentiation media. Cells were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) on collagen-coated inserts. Mucociliary differentiation status after five weeks was analyzed by electron microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The amount of ciliation was estimated and growth factor concentrations were evaluated using ELISA. We found that retinoic-acid-supplemented mixture of DMEM and Airway Epithelial Cell Growth Medium gave most promising results to obtain ciliated and mucus producing nasal epithelium in vitro. We discovered the balance between retinoic acid (RA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor β (FGF-β) to be relevant for differentiation. We could show that low VEGF, EGF and FGF-β concentrations in medium correspond to absent ciliation in specific donors. Therefore, our results may in future facilitate donor selection and non-invasive monitoring of ALI cultures and by this contribute to improved standardization of epithelial in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja E Luengen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline Kniebs
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian G Cornelissen
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Clinic for Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (Medical Clinic V), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo methods of lung absorption for inhaled drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:63-74. [PMID: 32763274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The assessment and prediction of lung absorption and disposition are an increasingly essential preclinical task for successful discovery and product development of inhaled drugs for both local and systemic delivery. Hence, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo preclinical methods of lung absorption continue to evolve with several technical, methodological and analytical refinements. As in vitro lung epithelial cell monolayer models, the air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured Calu-3 cells have most frequently been used, but the NCI-H441 and hAELVi cells have now been proposed as the first immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells capable of forming highly-restricted monolayers. The primary ALI-cultured three-dimensional (3D) human lung cell barriers have also become available; efforts to incorporate aerosol drug deposition into the in vitro lung cell models continue; and stem cell-derived lung epithelial cells and "lung-on-a-chip" technology are emerging. The ex vivo isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL) methods have increasing been used, as they enable the kinetic determination of tissue/organ-level diffusive and membrane protein-mediated absorption and competing non-absorptive loss; the assessment of "pre-epithelial" aerosol biopharmaceutical events in the lung, such as dissolution and release; and the ex vivo-to-in vivo extrapolation and prediction. Even so, in vivo small rodent-based methods have been of mainstay use, while large animal-based methods find an additional opportunity to study region-dependent lung absorption and disposition. It is also exciting that human pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and systemic exposures for inhaled drugs/molecules may be able to be predicted from these in vivo rodent PK data following lung delivery using kinetic modeling approach with allometric scaling. Overall, the value of these preclinical assessments appears to have shifted more to their translational capability of predicting local lung and systemic exposure in humans, in addition to rationalizing optimal inhaled dosage form and delivery system for drugs/molecules in question. It is critically important therefore to make appropriate selection and timely exploitation of the best models at each stage of drug discovery and development program for efficient progress toward product approval and clinical use.
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