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Wu JW, Gao W, Shen LP, Chen YL, Du SQ, Du ZY, Zhao XD, Lu XJ. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. modulates neuronal apoptosis in intracerebral hemorrhage: Insights from network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118223. [PMID: 38642624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae), commonly known as Chinese motherwort, is a herbaceous flowering plant that is native to Asia. It is widely acknowledged in traditional medicine for its diuretic, hypoglycemic, antiepileptic properties and neuroprotection. Currently, Leonurus japonicus (Leo) is included in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recognizes Leo for its myriad pharmacological attributes, but its efficacy against ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis is unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of Leo in alleviating neuronal apoptosis after ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study employed network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique, molecular docking, pharmacodynamic studies, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques to explore its potential mechanisms. RESULTS Leo was found to assist hematoma absorption, thus improving the neurological outlook in an ICH mouse model. Importantly, molecular docking highlighted JAK as Leo's potential therapeutic target in ICH scenarios. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that Leo adjusts JAK1 and STAT1 phosphorylation, curbing Bax while augmenting Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION Leo showcases potential in mitigating neuronal apoptosis post-ICH, predominantly via the JAK/STAT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Yong-Lin Chen
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing Du
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Du
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Neurosurgical Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
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He L, Zhang J, Ling Z, Zeng X, Yao H, Tang M, Huang H, Xie X, Qin T, Feng X, Chen Z, Deng F, Yue X. Structural optimizations on the 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold to develop highly selective, safe and potent JAK3 inhibitors for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107499. [PMID: 38815476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) is important for the signaling transduction of cytokines in immune cells and is identified as potential target for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, we designed and synthesized two JAK3 inhibitors J1b and J1f, which featured with high selectivity but mild bioactivity. Therefore, in present study the structure was optimized to increase the potency. As shown in the results, most of the compounds synthesized showed stronger inhibitory activities against JAK3 in contrast to the lead compounds, among which 9a was the most promising candidate because it had the most potent effect in ameliorating carrageenan-induced inflammation of mice and exhibited low acute in vivo toxicity (MTD > 2 g/kg). Further analysis revealed that 9a was highly selective to JAK3 (IC50 = 0.29 nM) with only minimal effect on other JAK members (>3300-fold) and those kinases bearing a thiol in a position analogous to that of Cys909 in JAK3 (>150-fold). Meanwhile, the selectivity of JAK3 was also confirmed by PBMC stimulation assay, in which 9a irreversibly bound to JAK3 and robustly inhibited the signaling transduction with mild suppression on other JAKs. Moreover, it was showed that 9a could remarkably inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin A and significantly mitigate disease severity in collagen induced arthritis. Therefore, present data indicate that compound 9a is a selective JAK3 inhibitor and could be a promising candidate for clinical treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong He
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Ling
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianxia Zeng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hualiang Yao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaizheng Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tinsheng Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengyuan Deng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
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3
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Shan M, Zhao X, Sun P, Qu X, Cheng G, Qin LP. Revisiting Structure-activity Relationships: Unleashing the potential of selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107506. [PMID: 38833989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs), a kind of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, the function has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, immune, inflammatory response and malignancies. Among them, JAK1 represents an essential target for modulating cytokines involved in inflammation and immune function. Rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis and psoriatic arthritis are areas where approved JAK1 drugs have been applied for the treatment. In the review, we provided a brief introduction to JAK1 inhibitors in market and clinical trials. The structures of high active JAK1 compounds (IC50 ≤ 0.1 nM) were highlighted, with primary focus on structure-activity relationship and selectivity. Moreover, the druggability processes of approved drugs and high active compounds were analyzed. In addition, the issues involved in JAK1 compounds clinical application as well as strategies to surmount these challenges, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Chandrasekhar B, Gor R, Ramalingam S, Thiagarajan A, Sohn H, Madhavan T. Repurposing FDA-approved compounds to target JAK2 for colon cancer treatment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:226. [PMID: 38869738 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the common cancers worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The current treatment has the inherent drawbacks and there is a need of developing a new treatment. Interleukin-6 a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer. JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway functions as a critical regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and immune expression. The abnormality in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the tumorigenesis of colon cancer including apoptosis. In this study, we identified novel inhibitors for JAK2 protein by performing virtual screening against FDA-approved compounds. To address the selectivity issue, we implemented cross-docking method followed by DFT calculations to understand the chemical reactivity of the identified compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for the top FDA compounds against JAK2 to understand the molecular interactions and structural stability of the complex over a period of 200 ns. Our results indicated that ergotamine, entrectinib, exatecan, dihydroergotamine, and paritaprevir can be used as alternative drugs for colon cancer. In addition, ergotamine was found to efficiently lower the cell viability with IC50 values of 100 µM on colon cancer cell lines. The long-term inhibitory effect of the ergotamine led to a decrease in colony size, and the toxicity properties were studied using hemolysis assay. Our study shows the potential of targeting JAK2 as a novel approach to colon cancer treatment, and demonstrate that ergotamine as a promising effects as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavya Chandrasekhar
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ravi Gor
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anuradha Thiagarajan
- Deparment of Physics with Computer Application, Agurchand Manmull Jain College, Meenambakam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Honglae Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
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5
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Mammoliti O, Martina S, Claes P, Coti G, Blanque R, Jagerschmidt C, Shoji K, Borgonovi M, De Vos S, Marsais F, Oste L, Quinton E, López-Ramos M, Amantini D, Brys R, Jimenez JM, Galien R, van der Plas S. Discovery of GLPG3667, a Selective ATP Competitive Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8545-8568. [PMID: 38805213 PMCID: PMC11181332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) mediates cytokine signaling through type 1 interferon, interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23, and the IL-10 family. There appears to be an association between TYK2 genetic variants and inflammatory conditions, and clinical evidence suggests that selective inhibition of TYK2 could produce a unique therapeutic profile. Here, we describe the discovery of compound 9 (GLPG3667), a reversible and selective TYK2 adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor in development for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The preclinical pharmacokinetic profile was favorable, and TYK2 selectivity was confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood assays. Dermal ear inflammation was reduced in an IL-23-induced in vivo mouse model of psoriasis. GLPG3667 also completed a phase 1b study (NCT04594928) in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis where clinical effect was shown within the 4 weeks of treatment and it is now in phase 2 trials for the treatment of dermatomyositis (NCT05695950) and systemic lupus erythematosus (NCT05856448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mammoliti
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Claes
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ghjuvanni Coti
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Roland Blanque
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Kenji Shoji
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Monica Borgonovi
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Steve De Vos
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Florence Marsais
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Line Oste
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Quinton
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - David Amantini
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - René Galien
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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Klein K, Kollmann S, Hiesinger A, List J, Kendler J, Klampfl T, Rhandawa M, Trifinopoulos J, Maurer B, Grausenburger R, Betram CA, Moriggl R, Rülicke T, Mullighan CG, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Walter W, Hoermann G, Sexl V, Gotthardt D. A lineage-specific STAT5BN642H mouse model to study NK-cell leukemia. Blood 2024; 143:2474-2489. [PMID: 38498036 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Patients with T- and natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasms frequently have somatic STAT5B gain-of-function mutations. The most frequent STAT5B mutation is STAT5BN642H, which is known to drive murine T-cell leukemia, although its role in NK-cell malignancies is unclear. Introduction of the STAT5BN642H mutation into human NK-cell lines enhances their potential to induce leukemia in mice. We have generated a mouse model that enables tissue-specific expression of STAT5BN642H and have selectively expressed the mutated STAT5B in hematopoietic cells (N642Hvav/+) or exclusively in NK cells (N642HNK/NK). All N642Hvav/+ mice rapidly develop an aggressive T/NKT-cell leukemia, whereas N642HNK/NK mice display an indolent NK-large granular lymphocytic leukemia (NK-LGLL) that progresses to an aggressive leukemia with age. Samples from patients with NK-cell leukemia have a distinctive transcriptional signature driven by mutant STAT5B, which overlaps with that of murine leukemic N642HNK/NK NK cells. To our knowledge, we have generated the first reliable STAT5BN642H-driven preclinical mouse model that displays an indolent NK-LGLL progressing to aggressive NK-cell leukemia. This novel in vivo tool will enable us to explore the transition from an indolent to an aggressive disease and will thus permit the study of prevention and treatment options for NK-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Klein
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Hiesinger
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia List
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonatan Kendler
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Klampfl
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehak Rhandawa
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Trifinopoulos
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof A Betram
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Unit for Functional Cancer Genomics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | | | | | - Veronika Sexl
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rodman EPB, Emch MJ, Hou X, Bajaj A, Pearson NA, John AJ, Ortiz Y, Bass AD, Singh S, Baldassarre G, Kaufmann SH, Weroha SJ, Hawse JR. Lestaurtinib's antineoplastic activity converges on JAK/STAT signaling to inhibit advanced forms of therapy resistant ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597753. [PMID: 38895264 PMCID: PMC11185641 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy, owing to its late-stage diagnosis and high rates of recurrence and resistance following standard-of-care treatment, highlighting the need for novel treatment approaches. Through an unbiased drug screen, we identified the kinase inhibitor, lestaurtinib, as a potent antineoplastic agent for chemotherapy- and PARP-inhibitor (PARPi)-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells and patient derived xenografts (PDXs). RNA-sequencing revealed that lestaurtinib potently suppressed JAK/STAT signaling and lestaurtinib efficacy was shown to be directly related to JAK/STAT pathway activity in cell lines and PDX models. Most ovarian cancer cells exhibited constitutive JAK/STAT pathway activation and genetic loss of STAT1 and STAT3 resulted in growth inhibition. Lestaurtinib also displayed synergy when combined with cisplatin and olaparib, including in a model of PARPi resistance. In contrast, the most well-known JAK/STAT inhibitor, ruxolitinib, lacked antineoplastic activity against all ovarian cancer cell lines and PDX models tested. This divergent behavior was reflected in the ability of lestaurtinib to block both Y701/705 and S727 phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, whereas ruxolitinib failed to block S727. Consistent with these findings, lestaurtinib additionally inhibited JNK and ERK activity, leading to more complete suppression of STAT phosphorylation. Concordantly, combinatorial treatment with ruxolitinib and a JNK or ERK inhibitor resulted in synergistic antineoplastic effects at dose levels where single agents were ineffective. Taken together, these findings indicate that lestaurtinib, and other treatments that converge on JAK/STAT signaling, are worthy of further pre-clinical and clinical exploration for the treatment of highly aggressive and advanced forms of ovarian cancer. Statement of significance Lestaurtinib is a novel inhibitor of ovarian cancer, including chemotherapy- and PARPi-resistant models, that acts through robust inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway and synergizes with standard-of-care agents at clinically relevant concentrations.
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8
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Martínez-Pérez J, Torrado C, Domínguez-Cejudo MA, Valladares-Ayerbes M. Targeted Treatment against Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6220. [PMID: 38892410 PMCID: PMC11172446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (SC) theory proposes that a population of SCs serves as the driving force behind fundamental tumor processes, including metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. The standard of care for patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) includes surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluoropyrimidines and their combination with oxaliplatin increased the cure rates, being able to eradicate the occult metastatic SC in a fraction of patients. The treatment for unresectable metastatic CRC is based on chemotherapy, antibodies to VEGF and EGFR, and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. Immunotherapy is used in MSI-H tumors. Currently used drugs target dividing cells and, while often effective at debulking tumor mass, these agents have largely failed to cure metastatic disease. SCs are generated either due to genetic and epigenetic alterations in stem/progenitor cells or to the dedifferentiation of somatic cells where diverse signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, TGF-β/SMAD, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, DNA damage response, and Hippo-YAP play a key role. Anti-neoplastic treatments could be improved by elimination of SCs, becoming an attractive target for the design of novel agents. Here, we present a review of clinical trials assessing the efficacy of targeted treatment focusing on these pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martínez-Pérez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carlos Torrado
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - María A. Domínguez-Cejudo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Manuel Valladares-Ayerbes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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9
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Lv Y, Mi P, Babon JJ, Fan G, Qi J, Cao L, Lang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Kobe B. Small molecule drug discovery targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107217. [PMID: 38777110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway functions as a central hub for transmitting signals from more than 50 cytokines, playing a pivotal role in maintaining hematopoiesis, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including immunodeficiency, autoimmune conditions, hematological disorders, and certain cancers. Proteins within this pathway have emerged as effective therapeutic targets for managing these conditions, with various approaches developed to modulate key nodes in the signaling process, spanning from receptor engagement to transcription factor activation. Following the success of JAK inhibitors such as tofacitinib for RA treatment and ruxolitinib for managing primary myelofibrosis, the pharmaceutical industry has obtained approvals for over 10 small molecule drugs targeting the JAK-STAT pathway and many more are at various stages of clinical trials. In this review, we consolidate key strategies employed in drug discovery efforts targeting this pathway, with the aim of contributing to the collective understanding of small molecule interventions in the context of JAK-STAT signaling. We aspire that our endeavors will contribute to advancing the development of innovative and efficacious treatments for a range of diseases linked to this pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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10
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Grisé A, Valere LC, Weinstein D, Sami N. Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: case report and review. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:238. [PMID: 38795155 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare inflammatory dermatologic condition with neutrophilic infiltration of the skin that causes pustules and ulcerations. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are immunomodulating agents that have been recently described in the literature as an effective treatment for PG. We describe a patient with PG on the lower extremities successfully treated with baricitinib. We also conducted a narrative review of the literature of PG patients treated with JAK inhibitors who were refractory to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Grisé
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - David Weinstein
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Naveed Sami
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Campus at Lake Nona, 32827-7408, Orlando, FL, USA.
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11
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Singh K, Showalter CA, Manring HR, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. "Oh, Dear We Are in Tribble": An Overview of the Oncogenic Functions of Tribbles 1. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1889. [PMID: 38791967 PMCID: PMC11120034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudokinases are catalytically inactive proteins in the human genome that lack the ability to transfer phosphate from ATP to their substrates. The Tribbles family of pseudokinases contains three members: Tribbles 1, 2, and 3. Tribbles 1 has recently gained importance because of its involvement in various diseases, including cancer. It acts as a scaffolding protein that brings about the degradation of its substrate proteins, such as C/EBPα/β, MLXIPL, and RAR/RXRα, among others, via the ubiquitin proteasome system. It also serves as an adapter protein, which sequesters different protein molecules and activates their downstream signaling, leading to processes, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and lipid metabolism. It has been implicated in cancers such as AML, prostate cancer, breast cancer, CRC, HCC, and glioma, where it activates oncogenic signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK and inhibits the anti-tumor function of p53. TRIB1 also causes treatment resistance in cancers such as NSCLC, breast cancer, glioma, and promyelocytic leukemia. All these effects make TRIB1 a potential drug target. However, the lack of a catalytic domain renders TRIB1 "undruggable", but knowledge about its structure, conformational changes during substrate binding, and substrate binding sites provides an opportunity to design small-molecule inhibitors against specific TRIB1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Tham HL, Davis JL. Pharmacology of drugs used in autoimmune dermatopathies in cats and dogs: A narrative review. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38708551 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are the mainstay of treatment for many feline and canine autoimmune skin diseases, either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Treatment with these drugs is often lifelong and may have long-term consequences on the affected animal's overall quality-of-life. Clinicians need to understand the pharmacology of immunosuppressants in planning and executing the treatment regimen for the best possible clinical outcome, as well as reducing the risk of adverse effects. This review paper will focus on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical uses and adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs used to treat autoimmune dermatoses in cats and dogs. These include glucocorticoids, ciclosporin A, azathioprine, chlorambucil, mycophenolate mofetil, oclacitinib and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L Tham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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13
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Husein-ElAhmed H, Husein-ElAhmed S. Comparative efficacy of oral Janus kinase inhibitors and biologics in adult alopecia areata: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:835-843. [PMID: 38279559 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the hair follicles, resulting in patchy recurrent hair loss. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the favourable clinical response of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and biologics, but a lack of comprehensive comparison among these therapies exists in the current literature. This study aimed to compare their efficacy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed including randomized trials that report the outcomes of the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT)50 and/or the mean change in SALT. These articles were pooled and a network meta-analysis (NAM) was conducted. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve estimates obtained for the mean change in SALT score, baricitinib_4 mg (0.7949656) had the best probability of being the most effective therapy, followed by ritlecitinib_200_50 mg (0.7391906) and ivarmacitinib_4 mg (0.7292594). In contrast, dupilumab, secukinumab, tralokinumab and apremilast were less likely to be effective. Targeting the JAK signalling pathway holds great potential for restoring hair regrowth, albeit the contribution of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 inhibition to the therapeutic effect on AA is apparently different. Baricitinib_4 mg and ritlecitinib 200_50 mg demonstrated notable efficacy, and both molecules displayed a dose-dependent effect, which is not observed with ivarmacitinib. Further investigations into the specific mechanisms of action of these JAK inhibitors are warranted to elucidate the reasons behind these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husein Husein-ElAhmed
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Baza, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS Granada, Granada, España
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14
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Vafaeian A, Mahmoudi H, Daneshpazhooh M. What is novel in the clinical management of pemphigus vulgaris? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:489-503. [PMID: 38712540 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2350943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pemphigus, an uncommon autoimmune blistering disorder affecting the skin and mucous membranes, currently with mortality primarily attributed to adverse reactions resulting from treatment protocols. Additionally, the existing treatments exhibit a notable recurrence rate. The high incidence of relapse and the considerable adverse effects associated with treatment underscore the imperative to explore safer and more effective therapeutic approaches. Numerous potential therapeutic targets have demonstrated promising outcomes in trials or preliminary research stages. These encompass anti-CD-20 agents, anti-CD-25 agents, TNF-α inhibition, FAS Ligand Inhibition, FcRn inhibition, BAFF inhibition, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition, CAAR T Cells, JAK inhibition, mTOR inhibition, abatacept, IL-4 inhibition, IL-17 inhibition, IL-6 inhibition, polyclonal Regulatory T Cells, and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AREAS COVERED The most significant studies regarding the impact and efficacy of the mentioned treatments on pemphigus were meticulously curated through a comprehensive search conducted on the PubMed database. Moreover, the investigations of interest cited in these studies were also integrated. EXPERT OPINION The efficacy and safety profiles of the other treatments under discussion do not exhibit the same level of robustness as anti-CD20 therapy, which is anticipated to endure as a critical element in pemphigus treatment well into the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Vafaeian
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ma X, Borzillo G, Kothe MJC, Sanga M, Chu G, Greger JG, Deiteren A, Attiyeh E. A Phase I, Randomized, Multi-Dose Study to Evaluate the Enteric Selectivity and Safety of JAK Inhibitor, Lorpucitinib, in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:1075-1084. [PMID: 38159266 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) signaling has been implicated in human inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Lorpucitinib (JNJ-64251330) is an oral, small molecule, pan-JAK inhibitor. Unlike systemic JAK antagonists, lorpucitinib was found to have enteric (gut)-selective properties, providing possible applications in diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, lorpucitinib was evaluated in a phase I, two-part, dosing study (NCT04552197) to assess pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and safety in healthy participants. In part 1, 24 participants were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms receiving either lorpucitinib (30 mg daily, 30 mg every 12 hours (q12h), or 75 mg q12h) or tofacitinib (5 mg q12h) for 5 days. Part 2 was a food-effect study in which 12 participants received a single 75-mg dose of lorpucitinib under either fasting or fed conditions. In part 1, plasma and gut tissue concentrations of lorpucitinib showed approximately dose-proportional increases. At all doses, lorpucitinib concentrations were significantly higher (392- to 1928-fold) in the gut mucosal biopsies vs. the corresponding plasma samples, demonstrating high enteric selectivity and significantly exceeding both the tissue concentrations (> 200-fold) and tissue/plasma ratios observed with tofacitinib. JAK inhibition in biopsies was confirmed via reduction in pSTAT-3 levels. In part 2, lorpucitinib plasma concentrations were detectable but at low levels, with no statistical differences in PK parameters between the fed and fasted groups. Lorpucitinib was safe and well-tolerated, and the data may be useful in designing studies to evaluate lorpucitinib in patients with JAK/STAT-driven gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Ma
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Borzillo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Madhu Sanga
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Brisbane, California, USA
| | - Gerald Chu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James G Greger
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Chesterbrook, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Edward Attiyeh
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Meng F, Liu J, Cao Z, Yu J, Steurer B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Cai X, Zhang M, Ren F, Aliper A, Ding X, Zhavoronkov A. Discovery of macrocyclic CDK2/4/6 inhibitors with improved potency and DMPK properties through a highly efficient macrocyclic drug design platform. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107285. [PMID: 38547721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are critical cell cycle regulators that are often overexpressed in tumors, making them promising targets for anti-cancer therapies. Despite substantial advancements in optimizing the selectivity and drug-like properties of CDK inhibitors, safety of multi-target inhibitors remains a significant challenge. Macrocyclization is a promising drug discovery strategy to improve the pharmacological properties of existing compounds. Here we report the development of a macrocyclization platform that enabled the highly efficient discovery of a novel, macrocyclic CDK2/4/6 inhibitor from an acyclic precursor (NUV422). Using dihedral angle scan and structure-based, computer-aided drug design to select an optimal ring-closing site and linker length for the macrocycle, we identified compound 8 as a potent new CDK2/4/6 inhibitor with optimized cellular potency and safety profile compared to NUV422. Our platform leverages both experimentally-solved as well as generative chemistry-derived macrocyclic structures and can be deployed to streamline the design of macrocyclic new drugs from acyclic starting compounds, yielding macrocyclic compounds with enhanced potency and improved drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanye Meng
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongying Cao
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Barbara Steurer
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Yilin Yang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Ding
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong; Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi 145748, United Arab Emirates.
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17
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Balducci L, Falandry C, Silvio Monfardini. Senotherapy, cancer, and aging. J Geriatr Oncol 2024; 15:101671. [PMID: 37977898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to highlight the effects of senotherapy on the prevention and treatment of cancer in older individuals. The aim of senotherapy is to eliminate senescent cells. These cells express the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). With production of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and different type of proteases, the SASP is responsible for aging-associated disability and diseases. All mammalian cells experience senescence. The main agents of aging include fibroblasts and adipose cells. Senescent tumor cells may undergo genomic reprogramming and re-enter cell cycle with a stem cell phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a Medline search for the following key words: senotherapy, senolysis, senomorphic agents. We provide a narrative review of the finding. RESULTS Different agents may eliminate senescent cells from cell cultures and murine models. These include metformin, rapamycin, desatinib, quercitin, fisetin, ruloxitinib, and BCL2 inhibitors. A randomized controlled study of metformin in 3,000 patients aged 65-79 without glucose intolerance aiming to establish whether senotherapy may prevent or reverse disability and aging associated diseases, including cancer, is ongoing. Senotherapy prolongs the life span and decreases the incidence of cancer in experimental animal models, as well as delays and reverses disability. Senescent tumor cells are found prior to treatment and after chemotherapy and radiation. These elements may be responsible for tumor recurrence and treatment refractoriness. DISCUSSION Senotherapy may have substantial effects on cancer management including decreased incidence and aggressiveness of cancer, improved tolerance of antineoplastic treatment, and prevention of relapse after primary treatment. Senotherapy may ameliorate several complications of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Falandry
- Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitaliser Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire CarMeN, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France.
| | - Silvio Monfardini
- Director Oncopaedia Project European School of Oncology. Director Emeritus Division of Medical Oncology Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova., Italy.
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18
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Francis S, King T, Zeidler MP. Case report: Effectiveness of low-dose methotrexate monotherapy in post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1285772. [PMID: 38698784 PMCID: PMC11063320 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1285772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT pathway signalling is associated with both chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis and haematological malignancies such as the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here we describe a 73yo female patient with a history of chronic plaque psoriasis, post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF) and a quality of life substantially impacted by both conditions. We report that 15 mg oral Methotrexate (MTX) weekly as a monotherapy is well tolerated, provides a substantial clinical improvement for both conditions and significantly improves quality of life. We suggest that the recently identified mechanism of action of MTX as a JAK inhibitor is likely to explain this efficacy and suggest that repurposing MTX for MPNs may represent a clinical- and cost-effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Francis
- Department of Haematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom King
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P. Zeidler
- The Bateson Centre and the School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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19
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Kim S, Ruminski P, Singh M, Staser K, Ashami K, Ritchey J, Lim S, DiPersio JF, Choi J. Novel JAK Inhibitors to Reduce Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in a Preclinical Mouse Model. Molecules 2024; 29:1801. [PMID: 38675621 PMCID: PMC11052071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a highly effective, well-established treatment for patients with various hematologic malignancies and non-malignant diseases. The therapeutic benefits of allo-HCT are mediated by alloreactive T cells in donor grafts. However, there is a significant risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), in which the donor T cells recognize recipient cells as foreign and attack healthy organs in addition to malignancies. We previously demonstrated that targeting JAK1/JAK2, mediators of interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR) and IL-6 receptor signaling, in donor T cells using baricitinib and ruxolitinib results in a significant reduction in GvHD after allo-HCT. Furthermore, we showed that balanced inhibition of JAK1/JAK2 while sparing JAK3 is important for the optimal prevention of GvHD. Thus, we have generated novel JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors, termed WU derivatives, by modifying baricitinib. Our results show that WU derivatives have the potential to mitigate GvHD by upregulating regulatory T cells and immune reconstitution while reducing the frequencies of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and CD80 expression on these APCs in our preclinical mouse model of allo-HCT. In addition, WU derivatives effectively downregulated CXCR3 and T-bet in primary murine T cells. In summary, we have generated novel JAK inhibitors that could serve as alternatives to baricitinib or ruxolitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaebok Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (S.K.); (P.R.); (M.S.); (K.S.); (K.A.); (J.R.); (S.L.); (J.F.D.)
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20
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Utama A, Wijesinghe R, Thng S. Janus kinase inhibitors and the changing landscape of vitiligo management: a scoping review. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38610078 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition caused by an autoimmune response that results in the progressive loss of melanocytes and recent studies have suggested that Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are emerging as a promising new treatment modality. Therefore, to assess and understand the extent of knowledge in the emerging field of JAKi use in vitiligo, a scoping review of the literature was undertaken. The reviewed articles explored a wide variety of JAKi administered either orally or topically for vitiligo. There were no injectable JAKi studied. Tofacitinib was the most commonly studied oral JAKi in 16 of the 35 studies selected for review, followed by baricitinib (n = 3), and one study each with ritlecitinib, ruxolitinib, and upadacitinib. Ruxolitinib (n = 6) and tofacitinib (n = 6) were the most often studied topical JAKi, followed by delgocitinib (n = 1). Potential benefits may vary between JAKi based on their receptor selectivity profile and coexistent autoimmune diseases. A topical JAKi would be advantageous in limited body area involvement and in adolescents. Concurrent use of JAKi with phototherapy or sun exposure appears beneficial. Most studies permitted the use of other topical agents. Acne-related events, though frequent yet mild, were reported with both oral and topical JAKi. Nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections, and headaches were the most common adverse effects seen in the larger trials with JAKi. No serious or clinically meaningful hematology or thromboembolic events were detected. Treatment of vitiligo with oral or topical JAKi seems to be promising and the growing evidence shows a favorable risk-benefit profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Utama
- Department of Pharmacy, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruki Wijesinghe
- Department of Pharmacy, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven Thng
- Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Papadopoulou D, Mavrikaki V, Charalampous F, Tzaferis C, Samiotaki M, Papavasileiou KD, Afantitis A, Karagianni N, Denis MC, Sanchez J, Lane JR, Faidon Brotzakis Z, Skretas G, Georgiadis D, Matralis AN, Kollias G. Discovery of the First-in-Class Inhibitors of Hypoxia Up-Regulated Protein 1 (HYOU1) Suppressing Pathogenic Fibroblast Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319157. [PMID: 38339863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are key regulators of inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. Targeting their activation in these complex diseases has emerged as a novel strategy to restore tissue homeostasis. Here, we present a multidisciplinary lead discovery approach to identify and optimize small molecule inhibitors of pathogenic fibroblast activation. The study encompasses medicinal chemistry, molecular phenotyping assays, chemoproteomics, bulk RNA-sequencing analysis, target validation experiments, and chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET)/pharmacokinetic (PK)/in vivo evaluation. The parallel synthesis employed for the production of the new benzamide derivatives enabled us to a) pinpoint key structural elements of the scaffold that provide potent fibroblast-deactivating effects in cells, b) discriminate atoms or groups that favor or disfavor a desirable ADMET profile, and c) identify metabolic "hot spots". Furthermore, we report the discovery of the first-in-class inhibitor leads for hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 (HYOU1), a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family often associated with cellular stress responses, particularly under hypoxic conditions. Targeting HYOU1 may therefore represent a potentially novel strategy to modulate fibroblast activation and treat chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papadopoulou
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Mavrikaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Charalampous
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Christos Tzaferis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Konstantinos D Papavasileiou
- Department of ChemoInformatics, Novamechanics Ltd., 1070, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Chemoinformatics, Novamechanics MIKE, 18545, Piraeus, Greece
- Division of Data Driven Innovation, Entelos Institute, 6059, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemoInformatics, Novamechanics Ltd., 1070, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Chemoinformatics, Novamechanics MIKE, 18545, Piraeus, Greece
- Division of Data Driven Innovation, Entelos Institute, 6059, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Julie Sanchez
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, NG2 7AG, Midlands, U.K
| | - J Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, Nottingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, NG2 7AG, Midlands, U.K
| | - Zacharias Faidon Brotzakis
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios N Matralis
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Research Institute of New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
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22
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Zimmerman DH, Szekanecz Z, Markovics A, Rosenthal KS, Carambula RE, Mikecz K. Current status of immunological therapies for rheumatoid arthritis with a focus on antigen-specific therapeutic vaccines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334281. [PMID: 38510240 PMCID: PMC10951376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized as an autoimmune joint disease driven by T cell responses to self (or modified self or microbial mimic) antigens that trigger and aggravate the inflammatory condition. Newer treatments of RA employ monoclonal antibodies or recombinant receptors against cytokines or immune cell receptors as well as small-molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors to systemically ablate the cytokine or cellular responses that fuel inflammation. Unlike these treatments, a therapeutic vaccine, such as CEL-4000, helps balance adaptive immune homeostasis by promoting antigen-specific regulatory rather than inflammatory responses, and hence modulates the immunopathological course of RA. In this review, we discuss the current and proposed therapeutic products for RA, with an emphasis on antigen-specific therapeutic vaccine approaches to the treatment of the disease. As an example, we describe published results of the beneficial effects of CEL-4000 vaccine on animal models of RA. We also make a recommendation for the design of appropriate clinical studies for these newest therapeutic approaches, using the CEL-4000 vaccine as an example. Unlike vaccines that create or boost a new immune response, the clinical success of an immunomodulatory therapeutic vaccine for RA lies in its ability to redirect autoreactive pro-inflammatory memory T cells towards rebalancing the "runaway" immune/inflammatory responses that characterize the disease. Human trials of such a therapy will require alternative approaches in clinical trial design and implementation for determining safety, toxicity, and efficacy. These approaches include adaptive design (such as the Bayesian optimal design (BOIN), currently employed in oncological clinical studies), and the use of disease-related biomarkers as indicators of treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltan Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Markovics
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kenneth S Rosenthal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Katalin Mikecz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Wlassits R, Müller M, Fenzl KH, Lamprecht T, Erlacher L. JAK-Inhibitors - A Story of Success and Adverse Events. Open Access Rheumatol 2024; 16:43-53. [PMID: 38435420 PMCID: PMC10906274 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s436637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory condition. Treatments options encompass conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFis) and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) including Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs). Orally administered JAKinibs have demonstrated comparable or, in specific cases, superior efficacy compared to bDMARDs in inflammatory conditions. However, the escalating clinical utilization has been accompanied by the emergence of serious adverse effects, including major adverse cardiac events (MACE), malignancies and venous thrombotic episodes (VTE), leading to regulatory restrictions imposed by health authorities in both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Wlassits
- Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department für Biomedizinische Wissenschaften, Institut für Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl H Fenzl
- Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lamprecht
- Ludwig Erlacher, Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Erlacher
- Ludwig Erlacher, Karl Landsteiner Institut für Autoimmunerkrankungen und Rheumatologie, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Tirandi A, Schiavetta E, Maioli E, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Inflammation as a cause of acute myocardial infarction in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm. World J Cardiol 2024; 16:58-63. [PMID: 38456066 PMCID: PMC10915890 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of diseases characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells. They are clinically classifiable into four main diseases: chronic myeloid leukemia, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis. These pathologies are closely related to cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases due to the increased risk of arterial thrombosis, the most common underlying cause of acute myocardial infarction. Recent evidence shows that the classical Virchow triad (hypercoagulability, blood stasis, endothelial injury) might offer an explanation for such association. Indeed, patients with MPN might have a higher number and more reactive circulating platelets and leukocytes, a tendency toward blood stasis because of a high number of circulating red blood cells, endothelial injury or overactivation as a consequence of sustained inflammation caused by the neoplastic clonal cell. These abnormal cancer cells, especially when associated with the JAK2V617F mutation, tend to proliferate and secrete several inflammatory cytokines. This sustains a pro-inflammatory state throughout the body. The direct consequence is the induction of a pro-thrombotic state that acts as a determinant in favoring both venous and arterial thrombus formation. Clinically, MPN patients need to be carefully evaluated to be treated not only with cytoreductive treatments but also with cardiovascular protective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Tirandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Elia Maioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa 16132, Italy.
| | - Luca Liberale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa 16132, Italy
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25
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Selmi C, Chimenti MS, Novelli L, Parikh BK, Morello F, de Vlam K, Ciccia F. Pain in axial spondyloarthritis: role of the JAK/STAT pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341981. [PMID: 38464510 PMCID: PMC10921361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by new bone formation in the axial musculoskeletal system, with X-ray discriminating between radiographic and non-radiographic forms. Current therapeutic options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in addition to biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that specifically target tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or interleukin (IL)-17. Pain is the most critical symptom for axSpA patients, significantly contributing to the burden of disease and impacting daily life. While the inflammatory process exerts a major role in determining pain in the early phases of the disease, the symptom may also result from mechanical and neuromuscular causes that require complex, multi-faceted pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment, especially in the later phases. In clinical practice, pain often persists and does not respond further despite the absence of inflammatory disease activity. Cytokines involved in axSpA pathogenesis interact directly/indirectly with the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling cascade, a fundamental component in the origin and development of spondyloarthropathies. The JAK/STAT pathway also plays an important role in nociception, and new-generation JAK inhibitors have demonstrated rapid pain relief. We provide a comprehensive review of the different pain types observed in axSpA and the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling in this context, with specific focus on data from preclinical studies and data from clinical trials with JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of “Medicina dei Sistemi”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bhumik K. Parikh
- Global Medical Affairs, AbbVie, Inc., Mettawa, IL, United States
| | | | - Kurt de Vlam
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine Napoli, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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26
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Vahabi SM, Bahramian S, Esmaeili F, Danaei B, Kalantari Y, Fazeli P, Sadeghi S, Hajizadeh N, Assaf C, Etesami I. JAK Inhibitors in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Friend or Foe? A Systematic Review of the Published Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:861. [PMID: 38473222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of lymphoid neoplasms with high relapse rates and no curative treatment other than allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). CTCL is significantly influenced by disruption of JAK/STAT signaling. Therefore, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors may be promising for CTCL treatment. This study is a systematic review aiming to investigate the role of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of CTCL, including their efficacy and safety. Out of 438 initially searched articles, we present 13 eligible ones. The overall response rate (ORR) in the treatment with JAK inhibitors in clinical trials was 11-35%, although different subtypes of CTCL showed different ORRs. Mycosis fungoides showed an ORR of 14-45%, while subcutaneous-panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) displayed an ORR ranging from 75% to 100%. Five cases were reported having a relapse/incident of CTCL after using JAK inhibitors; of these, three cases were de novo CTCLs in patients under treatment with a JAK inhibitor due to refractory arthritis, and two cases were relapsed disease after graft-versus-host disease treatment following allo-SCT. In conclusion, using JAK inhibitors for CTCL treatment seems promising with acceptable side effects, especially in patients with SPTCL. Some biomarkers, like pS6, showed an association with better responses. Caution should be taken when treating patients with an underlying autoimmune disease and prior immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Bahramian
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Bardia Danaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Yasamin Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1461884513, Iran
| | | | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Nima Hajizadeh
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Chalid Assaf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ifa Etesami
- Departments of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
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27
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Zhong X, Feng W, Liu L, Liu Q, Xu Q, Liu M, Liu X, Xu S, Deng M, Lin C. Periplogenin inhibits pathologic synovial proliferation and infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the JAK2/3-STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111487. [PMID: 38183911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joints, causing inflammation, synovitis, and erosion of cartilage and bone. Periplogenin is an active ingredient in the anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory herb, cortex periplocae. We conducted a study using a CIA model and an in vitro model of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation. We evaluated cell activity, proliferation, and migration using the CCK8 test, EDU kit, and transwell assays, as well as network pharmacokinetic analysis of periplogenin targets and RA-related effects. Furthermore, we measured inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression using ELISA and qRT-PCR assays. We also evaluated joint destruction using HE and Safranin O-Fast Green Staining and examined the changes in the JAK2/3-STAT3 pathway using western blot. The results indicated that periplogenin can effectively inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors, suppress the JAK2/3-STAT3 pathway, and impede the proliferation and migration of RA FLS. Thus, periplogenin alleviated the Synovial inflammatory infiltration of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhong
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Wei Feng
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Lianjie Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Minying Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Xiaobao Liu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Shudi Xu
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Changsong Lin
- The First Clinical Medicine College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510405, China.
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28
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da Fonseca CAR, Prado VC, Paltian JJ, Kazmierczak JC, Schumacher RF, Sari MHM, Cordeiro LM, da Silva AF, Soares FAA, Oliboni RDS, Luchese C, Cruz L, Wilhelm EA. 4-(Phenylselanyl)-2H-chromen-2-one-Loaded Nanocapsule Suspension-A Promising Breakthrough in Pain Management: Comprehensive Molecular Docking, Formulation Design, and Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessments in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38399323 PMCID: PMC10892109 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapies for the treatment of pain and inflammation continue to pose a global challenge, emphasizing the significant impact of pain on patients' quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-(Phenylselanyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (4-PSCO) on pain-associated proteins through computational molecular docking tests. A new pharmaceutical formulation based on polymeric nanocapsules was developed and characterized. The potential toxicity of 4-PSCO was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans and Swiss mice, and its pharmacological actions through acute nociception and inflammation tests were also assessed. Our results demonstrated that 4-PSCO, in its free form, exhibited high affinity for the selected receptors, including p38 MAP kinase, peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Janus kinase 2, toll-like receptor 4, and nuclear factor-kappa β. Both free and nanoencapsulated 4-PSCO showed no toxicity in nematodes and mice. Parameters related to oxidative stress and plasma markers showed no significant change. Both treatments demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-edematogenic effects in the glutamate and hot plate tests. The nanoencapsulated form exhibited a more prolonged effect, reducing mechanical hypersensitivity in an inflammatory pain model. These findings underscore the promising potential of 4-PSCO as an alternative for the development of more effective and safer drugs for the treatment of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Aline Ramson da Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Biochemical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (C.A.R.d.F.); (J.J.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Jaini Janke Paltian
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Biochemical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (C.A.R.d.F.); (J.J.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Jean Carlo Kazmierczak
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.C.K.); (R.F.S.)
| | - Ricardo Frederico Schumacher
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.C.K.); (R.F.S.)
| | | | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.M.C.); (A.F.d.S.); (F.A.A.S.)
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.M.C.); (A.F.d.S.); (F.A.A.S.)
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.M.C.); (A.F.d.S.); (F.A.A.S.)
| | - Robson da Silva Oliboni
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Food Sciences, CCQFA, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Biochemical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (C.A.R.d.F.); (J.J.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Biochemical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (C.A.R.d.F.); (J.J.P.); (C.L.)
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29
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Carmona-Rocha E, Rusiñol L, Puig L. New and Emerging Oral/Topical Small-Molecule Treatments for Psoriasis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:239. [PMID: 38399292 PMCID: PMC10892104 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The introduction of biologic therapies has led to dramatic improvements in the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Even though the efficacy and safety of the newer biologic agents are difficult to match, oral administration is considered an important advantage by many patients. Current research is focused on the development of oral therapies with improved efficacy and safety compared with available alternatives, as exemplified by deucravacitinib, the first oral allosteric Tyk2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis in adults. Recent advances in our knowledge of psoriasis pathogenesis have also led to the development of targeted topical molecules, mostly focused on intracellular signaling pathways such as AhR, PDE-4, and Jak-STAT. Tapinarof (an AhR modulator) and roflumilast (a PDE-4 inhibitor) have exhibited favorable efficacy and safety outcomes and have been approved by the FDA for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis. This revision focuses on the most recent oral and topical therapies available for psoriasis, especially those that are currently under evaluation and development for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carmona-Rocha
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (L.R.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Teaching Unit, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Rusiñol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (L.R.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Teaching Unit, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.-R.); (L.R.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pau Teaching Unit, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Taylor PC, Choy E, Baraliakos X, Szekanecz Z, Xavier RM, Isaacs JD, Strengholt S, Parmentier JM, Lippe R, Tanaka Y. Differential properties of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:298-308. [PMID: 37624925 PMCID: PMC10836981 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of cytosolic tyrosine kinases that regulate cytokine signal transduction, including cytokines involved in a range of inflammatory diseases, such as RA, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and IBD. Several small-molecule JAK inhibitors (JAKis) are now approved for the treatment of various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. There are, however, key differences between these agents that could potentially translate into unique clinical profiles. Each JAKi has a unique chemical structure, resulting in a distinctive mode of binding within the catalytic cleft of the target JAK, and giving rise to distinct pharmacological characteristics. In addition, the available agents have differing selectivity for JAK isoforms, as well as off-target effects against non-JAKs. Other differences include effects on haematological parameters, DNA damage repair, reproductive toxicity and metabolism/elimination. Here we review the pharmacological profiles of the JAKis abrocitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, peficitinib, tofacitinib and upadacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Zoltan Szekanecz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Julie M Parmentier
- Immunology Precision Medicine, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Lippe
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Zhao R, Hu Z, Zhang X, Huang S, Yu G, Wu Z, Yu W, Lu J, Ruan B. The oncogenic mechanisms of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in digestive tract tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:68. [PMID: 38273295 PMCID: PMC10809652 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays a notable role in the oncogenesis of digestive tract tumors. Typically activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, it regulates important biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and inflammation. The aberrant activation of this pathway manifests in different forms, including mutations in JAKs, overexpression of cytokine receptors, and sustained STAT activation, and contributes to promoting the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, acquisition of stem-like properties, and drug resistance. Numerous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is closely related to the development and progression of digestive tract tumors, contributing to tumor survival, angiogenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and even immune escape processes. In addition, this signaling pathway also affects the sensitivity of digestive tract tumors to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the JAK-STAT pathway in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies against digestive tract tumors. Currently, several JAK-STAT inhibitors are undergoing clinical and preclinical trials as potential treatments for various human diseases. However, further investigation is required to determine the role of this pathway, as well as the effectiveness and safety of its inhibitors, especially in the context of digestive tract tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure, classic activation, and negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling in different digestive tract tumors, with the aim of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Guodong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Maji L, Sengupta S, Purawarga Matada GS, Teli G, Biswas G, Das PK, Panduranga Mudgal M. Medicinal chemistry perspective of JAK inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, selectivity, and structure activity relationship. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5. [PMID: 38236444 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
JAK-STAT signalling pathway was discovered more than quarter century ago. The JAK-STAT pathway protein is considered as one of the crucial hubs for cytokine secretion which mediates activation of different inflammatory, cellular responses and hence involved in different etiological factors. The various etiological factors involved are haematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. The presence of the active mutation V617K plays a significant role in the progression of the JAK-STAT pathway-related disease. Consequently, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing a range of causative factors. In this current review, we provided a comprehensive discussion for the in-detail study of anatomy and physiology of the JAK-STAT pathway which contributes structural domain rearrangement, activation, and negative regulation associated with the downstream signaling pathway, relationship between different cytokines and diseases. This review also discussed the recent development of clinical trial entities. Additionally, this review also provides updates on FDA-approved drugs. In the current investigation, we have classified recently developed small molecule inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway according to different chemical classes and we emphasized their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gourab Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Cheemalavagu N, Shoger KE, Cao YM, Michalides BA, Botta SA, Faeder JR, Gottschalk RA. Predicting gene-level sensitivity to JAK-STAT signaling perturbation using a mechanistic-to-machine learning framework. Cell Syst 2024; 15:37-48.e4. [PMID: 38198893 PMCID: PMC10812086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway integrates complex cytokine signals via a limited number of molecular components, inspiring numerous efforts to clarify the diversity and specificity of STAT transcription factor function. We developed a computational framework to make global cytokine-induced gene predictions from STAT phosphorylation dynamics, modeling macrophage responses to interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, which signal through common STATs, but with distinct temporal dynamics and contrasting functions. Our mechanistic-to-machine learning model identified cytokine-specific genes associated with late pSTAT3 time frames and a preferential pSTAT1 reduction upon JAK2 inhibition. We predicted and validated the impact of JAK2 inhibition on gene expression, identifying genes that were sensitive or insensitive to JAK2 variation. Thus, we successfully linked STAT signaling dynamics to gene expression to support future efforts targeting pathology-associated STAT-driven gene sets. This serves as a first step in developing multi-level prediction models to understand and perturb gene expression outputs from signaling systems. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Cheemalavagu
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karsen E Shoger
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuqi M Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brandon A Michalides
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel A Botta
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James R Faeder
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rachel A Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Wei XH, Liu YY. Potential applications of JAK inhibitors, clinically approved drugs against autoimmune diseases, in cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1326281. [PMID: 38235120 PMCID: PMC10792058 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in immunoregulation may lead to both cancer and autoimmune diseases. Many therapeutic drugs for autoimmune diseases also display anti-tumor efficacy. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways are involved in the secretion of more than 50 distinct cytokines, which have critical roles in inducing autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Thus, Janus kinases have become classical immunotherapeutic targets for immune disease. More than 70 Janus kinase inhibitors have been approved as immunomodulatory drugs for clinical use, of which 12 are used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This systematic review aims to elucidate the anti-tumor role of clinically approved Janus kinase inhibitors that were primarily designed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and their potential for clinical translation as cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huan Wei
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Oncology Department, People’s Hospital of Peixian, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Department, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Katamanin O, Ch’en PY, Song EJ. Exploring the efficacy of baricitinib in treating alopecia areata after failed Janus kinase inhibitor therapy. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 43:36-39. [PMID: 38125968 PMCID: PMC10731593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Katamanin
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois
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36
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Schuitema A, Anjie SI, van Eeghen AM, Tas SW, Löwenberg M. Symptomatic creatine phosphokinase elevation in a Crohn's disease patient caused by upadacitinib. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8227. [PMID: 38250091 PMCID: PMC10799215 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a Crohn's disease patient receiving high dose upadacitinib treatment with elevated CPK levels and myopathy, and provide the reader with practical tips on stopping and restarting upadacitinib, emphasizing the need for adequate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schuitema
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Suzanne I. Anjie
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Agnies M. van Eeghen
- 's Heeren LooAmersfoortThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Center for Personalized MedicineAmsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of RheumatologyAmsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mark Löwenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Choi K. Structure-property Relationships Reported for the New Drugs Approved in 2022. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:330-340. [PMID: 37211842 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230519162803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structure-property relationship illustrates how modifying the chemical structure of a pharmaceutical compound influences its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and other related properties. Understanding structure-property relationships of clinically approved drugs could provide useful information for drug design and optimization strategies. METHOD Among new drugs approved around the world in 2022, including 37 in the US, structure- property relationships of seven drugs were compiled from medicinal chemistry literature, in which detailed pharmacokinetic and/or physicochemical properties were disclosed not only for the final drug but also for its key analogues generated during drug development. RESULTS The discovery campaigns for these seven drugs demonstrate extensive design and optimization efforts to identify suitable candidates for clinical development. Several strategies have been successfully employed, such as attaching a solubilizing group, bioisosteric replacement, and deuterium incorporation, resulting in new compounds with enhanced physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. CONCLUSION The structure-property relationships hereby summarized illustrate how proper structural modifications could successfully improve the overall drug-like properties. The structure-property relationships of clinically approved drugs are expected to continue to provide valuable references and guides for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea (ROK)
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Zhang JY, Sun JF, Nie P, Herdewijn P, Wang YT. Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule inhibitors of Janus kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115848. [PMID: 37793326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways, particularly in cytokine-mediated signal transduction, making them attractive therapeutic targets for a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting JAK family of proteins in various clinical trials. It also discusses the mechanisms of action, specificity, and selectivity of these inhibitors, shedding light on the challenges associated with achieving target selectivity while minimizing off-target effects. Moreover, the review offers insights into the clinical applications of JAK inhibitors, summarizing the ongoing clinical trials and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved JAK inhibitors currently available for various diseases. Overall, this review provides a thorough examination of the synthesis and clinical use of typical small-molecule JAK inhibitors in different clinical stages and offers a bright future for the development of novel small-molecule JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Martinez J, Manjaly C, Manjaly P, Ly S, Zhou G, Barbieri J, Mostaghimi A. Janus Kinase Inhibitors and Adverse Events of Acne: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:1339-1345. [PMID: 37851459 PMCID: PMC10585588 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Importance Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are increasingly used across a range of dermatologic conditions. Adverse events of acne have been noted in some studies in clinical practice, but the scope of this outcome across JAK inhibitors has not been established. Objective To systematically analyze all published phase 2 and 3 placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of JAK inhibitors for the risk of acne as an adverse effect of these medications. Data Sources Comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases through January 31, 2023. Study Selection Inclusion criteria were phase 2 and 3 placebo-controlled RCTs of JAK inhibitors published in English with reported adverse events of acne. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently reviewed and extracted information from all included studies. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of acne following JAK inhibitor use. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Results A total of 25 unique studies (10 839 unique participants; 54% male and 46% female) were included in the final analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated to be 3.83 (95% CI, 2.76-5.32) with increased ORs for abrocitinib (13.47 [95% CI, 3.25-55.91]), baricitinib (4.96 [95% CI, 2.52-9.78]), upadacitinib (4.79 [95% CI, 3.61-6.37]), deucravacitinib (2.64 [95% CI, 1.44-4.86]), and deuruxolitinib (3.30 [95% CI, 1.22-8.93]). Estimated ORs were higher across studies investigating the use of JAK inhibitors for the management of dermatologic compared with nondermatologic conditions (4.67 [95% CI, 3.10-7.05]) as well as for JAK1-specific inhibitors (4.69 [95% CI, 3.56-6.18]), combined JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitors (3.43 [95% CI, 2.14-5.49]), and tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors (2.64 [95% CI, 1.44-4.86]). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, JAK inhibitor use was associated with an elevated odds of acne. Patients should be properly counseled on this potential adverse effect of these medications before treatment initiation. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Martinez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Priya Manjaly
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Ly
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Guohai Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Barbieri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Sapountzi E, Fotis L, Kotanidou E, Fidani L, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Janus Kinase Inhibitors and Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases: An Unexplored Field. Cureus 2023; 15:e50928. [PMID: 38143732 PMCID: PMC10739229 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are often complicated by lung disease, commonly presenting as interstitial lung disease (ILD), with potentially detrimental consequences for patient survival. Although less frequent in pediatric patients, pulmonary involvement may be observed in almost all childhood-onset rheumatic conditions. The development of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs has significantly improved clinical outcomes. However, disease remission is not always complete or long-lasting, and treatment may need to be discontinued due to adverse effects. A novel class of drugs, namely Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis), has been proposed to provide a significant survival benefit for patients with rheumatic diseases. Despite the ample literature on the efficacy and safety of JAKis in rheumatic disease, only a few studies have investigated the effectiveness of these drugs in patients with pulmonary involvement, and only two case reports have presented results in pediatric patients. We provide an overview of the rationale for using JAKis in ILDs associated with rheumatic disease and summarize the main studies evaluating their efficacy in both adult and pediatric patients. The present review highlights the need for controlled long-term studies to assess the efficacy and safety of JAKis in pediatric rheumatic disease complicated by lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Sapountzi
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Lampros Fotis
- Department of Pediatrics, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Eleni Kotanidou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Liana Fidani
- Department of Medical Biology Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Li X, Han B, Li S. Treatment of Netherton syndrome with upadacitinib. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1379-1381. [PMID: 37477382 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We reported the case of a patient with Netherton syndrome (NS) who showed remarkable cutaneous improvement using upadacitinib in the short term, but the efficacy decreased long term. This patient’s case demonstrates that Janus kinase inhibitors have reduced long-term clinical efficacy, which is the same as other biologic therapies used to treat patients with NS. This shows that NS is a complex skin disorder and more studies and clinical trials are required focusing on the long-term efficacy of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin Province, China
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Sarapultsev A, Gusev E, Komelkova M, Utepova I, Luo S, Hu D. JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:40. [PMID: 37938494 PMCID: PMC10632324 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological and inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited to diseases with similar pathogenic features. Despite the modest expression of JAK-STAT in the CNS, it is crucial for functions in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, making it relevant in conditions like Parkinson's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the influence of the pathway on serotonin receptors and phospholipase C has implications for stress and mood disorders. This review expands the understanding of JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional immunological contexts to explore its role in stress-related disorders and CNS function. Recent findings, such as the effectiveness of Jakinibs in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, expand their therapeutic applicability. Advances in isoform-specific inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, promise greater specificity with fewer off-target effects. Combination therapies, involving Jakinibs and monoclonal antibodies, aiming to enhance therapeutic specificity and efficacy also give great hope. Overall, this review bridges the gap between basic science and clinical application, elucidating the complex influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on human health and guiding future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Gusev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina Utepova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Hubei Wuhan, 430022, China
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Carter-Su C, Argetsinger LS, Svezhova N. 2022 Cannon lecture: an ode to signal transduction: how the growth hormone pathway revealed insight into height, malignancy, and obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E425-E437. [PMID: 37672248 PMCID: PMC10874654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Walter Cannon was a highly regarded American neurologist and physiologist with extremely broad interests. In the tradition of Cannon and his broad interests, we discuss our laboratory's multifaceted work in signal transduction over the past 40+ years. We show how our questioning of how growth hormone (GH) in the blood communicates with cells throughout the body to promote body growth and regulate body metabolism led to insight into not only body height but also important regulators of malignancy and body weight. Highlights include finding that 1) A critical initiating step in GH signal transduction is GH activating the GH receptor-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2; 2) GH activation of JAK2 leads to activation of a number of signaling proteins, including STAT transcription factors; 3) JAK2 is autophosphorylated on multiple tyrosines that regulate the activity of JAK2 and recruit signaling proteins to GH/GH receptor/JAK2 complexes; 4) Constitutively activated STAT proteins are associated with cancer; 5) GH activation of JAK2 recruits the adapter protein SH2B1 to GH/GH receptor/JAK2 complexes where it facilitates GH regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and motility; and 6) SH2B1 is recruited to other receptors in the brain, where it enhances satiety, most likely in part by regulating leptin action and neuronal connections of appetite-regulating neurons. These findings have led to increased understanding of how GH functions, as well as therapeutic interventions for certain cancer and obese individuals, thereby reinforcing the great importance of supporting basic research since one never knows ahead of time what important insight it can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Carter-Su
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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44
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Weidle UH, Nopora A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Up-regulated Circular RNAs Which Mediate Efficacy in Preclinical In Vivo Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:500-521. [PMID: 37889063 PMCID: PMC10614070 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranges as number two with respect to the incidence of tumors and is associated with a dismal prognosis. The therapeutic efficacy of approved multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors is modest. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets and entities is of paramount importance. We searched the literature for up-regulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) which mediate efficacy in preclinical in vivo models of HCC. Our search resulted in 14 circRNAs which up-regulate plasma membrane transmembrane receptors, while 5 circRNAs induced secreted proteins. Two circRNAs facilitated replication of Hepatitis B or C viruses. Three circRNAs up-regulated high mobility group proteins. Six circRNAs regulated components of the ubiquitin system. Seven circRNAs induced GTPases of the family of ras-associated binding proteins (RABs). Three circRNAs induced redox-related proteins, eight of them up-regulated metabolic enzymes and nine circRNAs induced signaling-related proteins. The identified circRNAs up-regulate the corresponding targets by sponging microRNAs. Identified circRNAs and their targets have to be validated by standard criteria of preclinical drug development. Identified targets can potentially be inhibited by small molecules or antibody-based moieties and circRNAs can be inhibited by small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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45
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Liu L, Na R, Yang L, Liu J, Tan Y, Zhao X, Huang X, Chen X. A Workflow Combining Machine Learning with Molecular Simulations Uncovers Potential Dual-Target Inhibitors against BTK and JAK3. Molecules 2023; 28:7140. [PMID: 37894618 PMCID: PMC10608827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug development process suffers from low success rates and requires expensive and time-consuming procedures. The traditional one drug-one target paradigm is often inadequate to treat multifactorial diseases. Multitarget drugs may potentially address problems such as adverse reactions to drugs. With the aim to discover a multitarget potential inhibitor for B-cell lymphoma treatment, herein, we developed a general pipeline combining machine learning, the interpretable model SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP), and molecular dynamics simulations to predict active compounds and fragments. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) are popular synergistic targets for B-cell lymphoma. We used this pipeline approach to identify prospective potential dual inhibitors from a natural product database and screened three candidate inhibitors with acceptable drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. Ultimately, the compound CNP0266747 with specialized binding conformations that exhibited potential binding free energy against BTK and JAK3 was selected as the optimum choice. Furthermore, we also identified key residues and fingerprint features of this dual-target inhibitor of BTK and JAK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Risong Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Lianjuan Yang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China;
| | - Jixiang Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yingjia Tan
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xi Zhao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xuri Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; (L.L.); (J.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xuecheng Chen
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
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46
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Nilsson M, Berggren K, Berglund S, Cerboni S, Collins M, Dahl G, Elmqvist D, Grimster NP, Hendrickx R, Johansson JR, Kettle JG, Lepistö M, Rhedin M, Smailagic A, Su Q, Wennberg T, Wu A, Österlund T, Naessens T, Mitra S. Discovery of the Potent and Selective Inhaled Janus Kinase 1 Inhibitor AZD4604 and Its Preclinical Characterization. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13400-13415. [PMID: 37738648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
JAK-STAT cytokines are critical in regulating immunity. Persistent activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathways by cytokines drives chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Herein, we report on the discovery of a highly JAK1-selective, ATP-competitive series of inhibitors having a 1000-fold selectivity over other JAK family members and the approach used to identify compounds suitable for inhaled administration. Ultimately, compound 16 was selected as the clinical candidate, and upon dry powder inhalation, we could demonstrate a high local concentration in the lung as well as low plasma concentrations, suggesting no systemic JAK1 target engagement. Compound 16 has progressed into clinical trials. Using 16, we found JAK1 inhibition to be more efficacious than JAK3 inhibition in IL-4-driven Th2 asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Nilsson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Kristina Berggren
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Susanne Berglund
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Silvia Cerboni
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mia Collins
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Göran Dahl
- Structure and Biophysics, Research and Early Development, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - David Elmqvist
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Neil P Grimster
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ramon Hendrickx
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Johan R Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Jason G Kettle
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Matti Lepistö
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Rhedin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Amir Smailagic
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Qibin Su
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Tiiu Wennberg
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Allan Wu
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca R&D, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Torben Österlund
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Research and Early Development, Discovery Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Thomas Naessens
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Suman Mitra
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
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Abboud R, Kim S, Staser K, Jayasinghe RG, Lim S, Amatya P, Frye CC, Kopecky B, Ritchey J, Gao F, Lavine K, Kreisel D, DiPersio JF, Choi J. Baricitinib with cyclosporine eliminates acute graft rejection in fully mismatched skin and heart transplant models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264496. [PMID: 37744381 PMCID: PMC10511772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplant represents a potentially lifesaving procedure for patients suffering from end-stage heart, lung, liver, and kidney failure. However, rejection remains a significant source of morbidity and immunosuppressive medications have significant toxicities. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are effective immunosuppressants in autoimmune diseases and graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we examine the role of JAK inhibition in preclinical fully major histocompatibility mismatched skin and heart allograft models. Baricitinib combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) preserved fully major histocompatibility mismatched skin grafts for the entirety of a 111-day experimental period. In baricitinib plus CsA treated mice, circulating CD4+T-bet+ T cells, CD8+T-bet+ T cells, and CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells were reduced. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed a unique expression profile in immune cells in the skin of baricitinib plus CsA treated mice, including decreased inflammatory neutrophils and increased CCR2- macrophages. In a fully major histocompatibility mismatched mismatched heart allograft model, baricitinib plus CsA prevented graft rejection for the entire 28-day treatment period compared with 9 days in controls. Our findings establish that the combination of baricitinib and CsA prevents rejection in allogeneic skin and heart graft models and supports the study of JAK inhibitors in human solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Abboud
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sena Kim
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Karl Staser
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Reyka G. Jayasinghe
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sora Lim
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Parmeshwar Amatya
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - C. Corbin Frye
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Benjamin Kopecky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Julie Ritchey
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kory Lavine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jaebok Choi
- Division of Oncology, Section of Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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48
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Miot HA, Criado PR, de Castro CCS, Ianhez M, Talhari C, Ramos PM. JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors in dermatology. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:656-677. [PMID: 37230920 PMCID: PMC10404561 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway mediates important cellular processes such as immune response, carcinogenesis, cell differentiation, division and death. Therefore, drugs that interfere with different JAK-STAT signaling patterns have potential indications for various medical conditions. The main dermatological targets of JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors are inflammatory or autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata; however, several dermatoses are under investigation to expand this list of indications. As JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors should gradually occupy a relevant space in dermatological prescriptions, this review presents the main available drugs, their immunological effects, and their pharmacological characteristics, related to clinical efficacy and safety, aiming to validate the best dermatological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio César Silva de Castro
- Hospital de Dermatologia Sanitária do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mayra Ianhez
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Dermatology, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina Talhari
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo Müller Ramos
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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49
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Li T, Yang X, Zhu J, Liu Y, Jin X, Chen G, Ye L. Current application status and structure-activity relationship of selective and non-selective JAK inhibitors in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110660. [PMID: 37478665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
JAK kinase includes four family members: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. It forms the JAK-STAT pathway with signal transmitters and activators of subscription (STAT). This pathway is one of the main mechanisms by which many cytokine receptors transduce intracellular signals, it is associated with the occurrence of various immune, inflammatory, and tumor diseases. JAK inhibitors block the signal transduction of the JAK-STAT pathway by targeting JAK kinase. Based on whether they target multiple subtypes of JAK kinase, JAK inhibitors are categorized into pan-JAK inhibitors and selective JAK inhibitors. Compared with pan JAK inhibitors, selective JAK inhibitors are associated with a specific member, thus more targeted in therapy, with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, a number of JAK inhibitors have been approval for disease treatment. This review summarized the current application status of JAK inhibitors that have been marketed, advances of JAK inhibitors currently in phase Ш clinical trials, and the structure-activity relationship of them, with an intention to provide references for the development of novel JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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50
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Zajac KK, Malla S, Babu RJ, Raman D, Tiwari AK. Ethnic disparities in the immune microenvironment of triple negative breast cancer and its role in therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1779. [PMID: 36632988 PMCID: PMC10440847 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) cases surpassed that of lung cancer among women, making it the most common female cancer globally. In spite of recent increases in incidence rates, mortality due to BC has declined since 1989. These declines have been attributed to advancements in treatment modalities as well as increased mammography surveillance. Despite these advances, African American (AA) women are 40% more likely to die from BC than Caucasian women. Multifactorial etiology has been implicated in the disparity of BC mortality rates among AA women. As an example, AA women have a disproportionate incidence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a poor prognosis and marginal treatment options. Increasingly, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained relevance as it relates to primary tumor progression, metastasis and treatment possibilities. The treatment outcomes or pathological complete response (pCR) in TNBC among AA women are affected by differences in TME. The TME of AA women exhibit several variances in acellular and cellular components associated with pro-tumorigenic effects. For example, increased levels of the adipocyte-related hormone, resistin, the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, and the CC chemokine, CCL2, within the TME of AA women gives rise to an increased density of M2 macrophages, also known as tumor-associated macrophages. Elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the TME of AA women increase the vascular density or vascularity, which facilitate aggressive tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, a pro-tumorigenic TME is supported by increased levels of the CXC chemokine, CXCL12 that results in the recruitment of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs ). Due to these and other differences in the TME of AA women, precision oncology can target specific aspects of the TME that may contribute to a poorer prognosis. In addition to the discrepancies in the TME, AA women face socio-economic barriers that limit their ability to access state-of-the-art, novel therapies against metastatic TNBC. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the tumor immune microenvironment, immune-based treatment options for TNBC and their potential to decrease health disparities due to ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsee K. Zajac
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Ramapuram Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of PharmacyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Toledo Health Science CampusToledoOhioUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
- Department of Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Toledo Health Science CampusToledoOhioUSA
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