1
|
Nowak K, Wójcikowska B, Gajecka M, Elżbieciak A, Morończyk J, Wójcik AM, Żemła P, Citerne S, Kiwior-Wesołowska A, Zbieszczyk J, Gaj MD. The improvement of the in vitro plant regeneration in barley with the epigenetic modifier of histone acetylation, trichostatin A. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:13-30. [PMID: 37962803 PMCID: PMC10789698 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Genotype-limited plant regeneration is one of the main obstacles to the broader use of genetic transformation in barley breeding. Thus, developing new approaches that might improve responses of in vitro recalcitrant genotypes remains at the center of barley biotechnology. Here, we analyzed different barley genotypes, including "Golden Promise," a genotype commonly used in the genetic transformation, and four malting barley cultivars of poor regenerative potential. The expression of hormone-related transcription factor (TF) genes with documented roles in plant regeneration was analyzed in genotypes with various plant-regenerating capacities. The results indicated differential expression of auxin-related TF genes between the barley genotypes in both the explants and the derived cultures. In support of the role of auxin in barley regeneration, distinct differences in the accumulation of free and oxidized auxin were observed in explants and explant-derived callus cultures of barley genotypes. Following the assumption that modifying gene expression might improve plant regeneration in barley, we treated the barley explants with trichostatin A (TSA), which affects histone acetylation. The effects of TSA were genotype-dependent as TSA treatment improved plant regeneration in two barley cultivars. TSA-induced changes in plant regeneration were associated with the increased expression of auxin biosynthesis-involved TFs. The study demonstrated that explant treatment with chromatin modifiers such as TSA might provide a new and effective epigenetic approach to improving plant regeneration in recalcitrant barley genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wójcikowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Gajecka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Elżbieciak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Morończyk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna M Wójcik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Przemysław Żemła
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
- Toxicology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna, Doświadczalna 27, 43-200, Pszczyna, Poland
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Agnieszka Kiwior-Wesołowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Zbieszczyk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata D Gaj
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nowakowska M, Pavlovic Z, Nowicki M, Boggess SL, Trigiano RN. In Vitro Regeneration from Leaf Explants of Helianthus verticillatus, a Critically Endangered Sunflower. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:285. [PMID: 38256838 PMCID: PMC10820345 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae), a whorled sunflower, is a perennial species restricted to a few locations in the southeastern United States and is now considered endangered. Therefore, restoring and protecting H. verticillatus as a species is a priority. This study introduces a highly efficient in vitro adventitious plant regeneration system from leaf explants, utilizing five diverse specimens of H. verticillatus, each representing distinct genotypes with phenotypic variations in leaf and stem morphology. Key factors influencing in vitro morphogenesis, including genetic constitution, explant source, and plant growth regulators (PGRs), were identified. The study revealed a remarkably strong genotype-dependent impact on the regeneration efficiency of the investigated H. verticillatus genotypes, ranging from a lack of regeneration to highly effective regeneration. The selection of two genotypes with varying regeneration abilities provides valuable models for genetic analyses, offering insights into factors influencing the regeneration potential of this endangered species. Optimum adventitious shoot regeneration results were achieved using Murashige and Skoog basal media (MS) supplemented with 8.8 µM N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1.08 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). This combination yielded the highest adventitious shoot production. Subsequent successful rooting on ½ MS medium without PGRs further solidified the efficiency of the developed protocol. Regenerated plantlets, demonstrating robust shoots and roots, were successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions with a 95% survival rate. The protocol developed in this study is the first such report for this endangered species and is expected to contribute to future genetic manipulation and modification studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Nowakowska
- Department of Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology of Vegetable Crops, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Zaklina Pavlovic
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Z.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Z.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Sarah L. Boggess
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Z.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Robert N. Trigiano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Z.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saeedi SA, Vahdati K, Sarikhani S, Daylami SD, Davarzani M, Gruda NS, Aliniaeifard S. Growth, photosynthetic function, and stomatal characteristics of Persian walnut explants in vitro under different light spectra. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1292045. [PMID: 38046599 PMCID: PMC10690960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1292045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Light plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, which is an essential process for plantlets produced during in vitro tissue culture practices and ex vitro acclimatization. LED lights are an appropriate technology for in vitro lighting but their effect on propagation and photosynthesis under in vitro condition is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different light spectra on growth, photosynthetic functionality, and stomatal characteristics of micropropagated shoots of Persian walnut (cv. Chandler). Tissue-cultured walnut nodal shoots were grown under different light qualities including white, blue, red, far-red, green, combination of red and blue (70:30), combination of red and far-red (70:30), and fluorescent light as the control. Results showed that the best growth and vegetative characteristics of in vitro explants of Persian walnut were achieved under combination of red and blue light. The biggest size of stomata was detected under white and blue lights. Red light stimulated stomatal closure, while stomatal opening was induced under blue and white lights. Although the red and far-red light spectra resulted in the formation of elongated explants with more lateral shoots and anthocyanin content, they significantly reduced the photosynthetic functionality. Highest soluble carbohydrate content and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were detected in explants grown under blue and white light spectra. In conclusion, growing walnut explants under combination of red and blue lights leads to better growth, photosynthesis functionality, and the emergence of functional stomata in in vitro explants of Persian walnuts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Arash Saeedi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Vahdati
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saadat Sarikhani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Davarzani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazim S. Gruda
- Department of Horticultural Science, INRES–Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC), College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanchez-Corrionero A, Sánchez-Vicente I, Arteaga N, Manrique-Gil I, Gómez-Jiménez S, Torres-Quezada I, Albertos P, Lorenzo O. Fine-tuned nitric oxide and hormone interface in plant root development and regeneration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6104-6118. [PMID: 36548145 PMCID: PMC10575706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant root growth and developmental capacities reside in a few stem cells of the root apical meristem (RAM). Maintenance of these stem cells requires regenerative divisions of the initial stem cell niche (SCN) cells, self-maintenance, and proliferative divisions of the daughter cells. This ensures sufficient cell diversity to guarantee the development of complex root tissues in the plant. Damage in the root during growth involves the formation of a new post-embryonic root, a process known as regeneration. Post-embryonic root development and organogenesis processes include primary root development and SCN maintenance, plant regeneration, and the development of adventitious and lateral roots. These developmental processes require a fine-tuned balance between cell proliferation and maintenance. An important regulator during root development and regeneration is the gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO). In this review we have sought to compile how NO regulates cell rate proliferation, cell differentiation, and quiescence of SCNs, usually through interaction with phytohormones, or other molecular mechanisms involved in cellular redox homeostasis. NO exerts a role on molecular components of the auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways in primary roots that affects cell proliferation and maintenance of the RAM. During root regeneration, a peak of auxin and cytokinin triggers specific molecular programs. Moreover, NO participates in adventitious root formation through its interaction with players of the brassinosteroid and cytokinin signaling cascade. Lately, NO has been implicated in root regeneration under hypoxia conditions by regulating stem cell specification through phytoglobins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sanchez-Corrionero
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noelia Arteaga
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Manrique-Gil
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Quezada
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Albertos
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh Y, Kumar U, Panigrahi S, Balyan P, Mehla S, Sihag P, Sagwal V, Singh KP, White JC, Dhankher OP. Nanoparticles as novel elicitors in plant tissue culture applications: Current status and future outlook. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108004. [PMID: 37714027 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture is the primary, fundamental, and applied aspect of plant biology. It is an indispensable and valuable technique for investigating morphogenesis, embryogenesis, clonal propagation, crop improvements, generation of pathogen-free plants, gene transfer and expression, and the production of secondary metabolites. The extensive use of various nanoparticles (NPs) in fields such as cosmetics, energy, medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, and biotechnology have demonstrated positive impacts in microbial decontamination, callus differentiation, organogenesis, somatic variations, biotransformation, cryopreservation, and enhanced synthesis of bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the use of nanoparticles in plant tissue culture, with a particular focus on the beneficial outcomes. The positive (beneficial) and negative (toxic) effects of engineered NPs in tissue culture medium, delivery of transgenes, NPs toxicity concerns, safety issues, and potential hazards arising from utilization of nanomaterials in agriculture through plant tissue culture are discussed in detail, along with the future prospects for these applications. In addition, the potential use of novel nanomaterials such as graphene, graphite, dendrimers, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes as well as unique metal or metalloid NPs are proposed. Further, the potential mechanisms underlying NPs elicitation of tissue culture response in different applications are critically evaluated. The potential of these approaches in plant nanobiotechnology is only now becoming understood and it is clear that the role of these strategies in sustainably increasing crop production to combat global food security and safety in a changing climate will be significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India; Department of Plant Science, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243001, India.
| | - Sourav Panigrahi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P.G. College, CCS University, Meerut, 245206, India
| | - Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India; Vice-Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243001, India
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fehér A. A Common Molecular Signature Indicates the Pre-Meristematic State of Plant Calli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13122. [PMID: 37685925 PMCID: PMC10488067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to different degrees of mechanical injury, certain plant cells re-enter the division cycle to provide cells for tissue replenishment, tissue rejoining, de novo organ formation, and/or wound healing. The intermediate tissue formed by the dividing cells is called a callus. Callus formation can also be induced artificially in vitro by wounding and/or hormone (auxin and cytokinin) treatments. The callus tissue can be maintained in culture, providing starting material for de novo organ or embryo regeneration and thus serving as the basis for many plant biotechnology applications. Due to the biotechnological importance of callus cultures and the scientific interest in the developmental flexibility of somatic plant cells, the initial molecular steps of callus formation have been studied in detail. It was revealed that callus initiation can follow various ways, depending on the organ from which it develops and the inducer, but they converge on a seemingly identical tissue. It is not known, however, if callus is indeed a special tissue with a defined gene expression signature, whether it is a malformed meristem, or a mass of so-called "undifferentiated" cells, as is mostly believed. In this paper, I review the various mechanisms of plant regeneration that may converge on callus initiation. I discuss the role of plant hormones in the detour of callus formation from normal development. Finally, I compare various Arabidopsis gene expression datasets obtained a few days, two weeks, or several years after callus induction and identify 21 genes, including genes of key transcription factors controlling cell division and differentiation in meristematic regions, which were upregulated in all investigated callus samples. I summarize the information available on all 21 genes that point to the pre-meristematic nature of callus tissues underlying their wide regeneration potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, 62 Temesvári Körút, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; or
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52 Közép Fasor, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park JS, Choi Y, Jeong MG, Jeong YI, Han JH, Choi HK. Uncovering transcriptional reprogramming during callus development in soybean: insights and implications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239917. [PMID: 37600197 PMCID: PMC10436568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Callus, a valuable tool in plant genetic engineering, originates from dedifferentiated cells. While transcriptional reprogramming during callus formation has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, our knowledge of this process in other species, such as Glycine max, remains limited. To bridge this gap, our study focused on conducting a time-series transcriptome analysis of soybean callus cultured for various durations (0, 1, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days) on a callus induction medium following wounding with the attempt of identifying genes that play key roles during callus formation. As the result, we detected a total of 27,639 alterations in gene expression during callus formation, which could be categorized into eight distinct clusters. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes associated with hormones, cell wall modification, and cell cycle underwent transcriptional reprogramming throughout callus formation. Furthermore, by scrutinizing the expression patterns of genes related to hormones, cell cycle, cell wall, and transcription factors, we discovered that auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroid signaling pathways activate genes involved in both root and shoot meristem development during callus formation. In summary, our transcriptome analysis provides significant insights into the molecular mechanisms governing callus formation in soybean. The information obtained from this study contributes to a deeper understanding of this intricate process and paves the way for further investigation in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Seok Park
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoram Choi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyun Jeong
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Il Jeong
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Han
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galuszynski NC, Forbes RE, Rishworth GM, Potts AJ. Restoring South African subtropical succulent thicket using Portulacaria afra: exploring the rooting window hypothesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15538. [PMID: 37601260 PMCID: PMC10437031 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought prone, arid and semi-arid ecosystems are challenging to restore once degraded due to low levels of natural recruitment and survival of reintroduced plants. This is evident in the restoration of degraded succulent thicket habitats in the Albany Subtropical Thicket Biome located in South Africa. The current restoration practice for this ecosystem focuses predominantly on reintroducing Portulacaria afra L. Jacq., which is naturally dominant in terms of cover and biomass, but largely absent in regions degraded by domestic livestock. This has been achieved by planting unrooted cuttings with limited consideration of soil water availability in a drought-prone ecosystem. This study tests the effects of the timing of water availability after planting on the root development of P. afra cuttings. Cuttings were harvested from seven individual plants and grown in a glasshouse setting. Eighty four cuttings were taken from each individual, twelve for each of the seven watering treatments per individual plant. The treatments represented a time-staggered initial watering after planting, including: on the day of planting, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after planting. After 32 days, all treatments were watered on a bi-weekly basis for two weeks; a control treatment with no watering throughout the experiment was included. The proportion of rooted cuttings per treatment and dry root mass were determined at the end of the experimental period (day 42). The early onset of watering was associated with a higher percentage of rooting (X2(5) = 11.352, p = 0.045) and had a weak, but non-significant, impact on the final dry root mass (F5,36 = 2.109, p = 0.0631). Importantly, no clear rooting window within 28 days was detected as the majority of cuttings exhibited root development (greater than 50% of cuttings rooted for each individual parent-plant); this suggests that watering at the time of planting P. afra cuttings in-field for restoration may not be necessary. An unexpected, but important, result was that parent-plant identity had a strong interaction with the accumulation of root mass (F36,460 = 5.026, p < 0.001; LR7 = 122.99, p < 0.001). The control treatment, which had no water throughout the experiment, had no root development. These findings suggest that water availability is required for the onset of rooting in P. afra cutting. However, the duration of the experiment was insufficient to detect the point at which P. afra cuttings could no longer initiate rooting once exposed to soil moisture, and thus no rooting window could be defined. Despite harvesting material from the same source population, parent-plant identity strongly impacted root development. Further work is required to characterise the rooting window, and to explore the effect of parent-plant condition on in-field and experimental restoration results; we urge that experiments using P. afra closely track the parent-source at the individual level as this may be a factor that may have a major impact on results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Galuszynski
- Spekboom Restoration Research Group, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Botany Department, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Ryan E. Forbes
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Gavin M. Rishworth
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Alastair J. Potts
- Spekboom Restoration Research Group, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
- Botany Department, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Bie XM, Lin X, Li M, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhang XS, Xiao J. Uncovering the transcriptional regulatory network involved in boosting wheat regeneration and transformation. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:908-925. [PMID: 37142750 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation is important for gene functional study and crop improvement. However, it is less effective in wheat. Here we employed a multi-omic analysis strategy to uncover the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) responsible for wheat regeneration. RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and CUT&Tag techniques were utilized to profile the transcriptional and chromatin dynamics during early regeneration from the scutellum of immature embryos in the wheat variety Fielder. Our results demonstrate that the sequential expression of genes mediating cell fate transition during regeneration is induced by auxin, in coordination with changes in chromatin accessibility, H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 status. The built-up TRN driving wheat regeneration was found to be dominated by 446 key transcription factors (TFs). Further comparisons between wheat and Arabidopsis revealed distinct patterns of DNA binding with one finger (DOF) TFs in the two species. Experimental validations highlighted TaDOF5.6 (TraesCS6A02G274000) and TaDOF3.4 (TraesCS2B02G592600) as potential enhancers of transformation efficiency in different wheat varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Min Bie
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xuelei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Menglu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Niu T, Zhang J, Li J, Gao X, Ma H, Gao Y, Chang Y, Xie J. Effects of exogenous glycine betaine and cycloleucine on photosynthetic capacity, amino acid composition, and hormone metabolism in Solanum melongena L. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7626. [PMID: 37165051 PMCID: PMC10172174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exogenous glycine betaine (GB) and cycloleucine (Cyc) have been reported to affect animal cell metabolism, their effects on plant growth and development have not been studied extensively. Different concentrations of exogenous glycine betaine (20, 40, and 60 mmol L-1) and cycloleucine (10, 20, and 40 mmol L-1), with 0 mmol L-1 as control, were used to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of betaine and cycloleucine on growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, Calvin cycle pathway, abaxial leaf burr morphology, endogenous hormones, and amino acid content in eggplant. We found that 40 mmol L-1 glycine betaine had the best effect on plant growth and development; it increased the fresh and dry weight of plants, increased the density of abaxial leaf hairs, increased the net photosynthetic rate and Calvin cycle key enzyme activity of leaves, had an elevating effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, increased endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) content and decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content, and increased glutamate, serine, aspartate, and phenylalanine contents. However, cycloleucine significantly inhibited plant growth; plant apical dominance disappeared, plant height and dry and fresh weights decreased significantly, the development of abaxial leaf hairs was hindered, the net photosynthetic rate and Calvin cycle key enzyme activities were inhibited, the endogenous hormones IAA and ABA content decreased, and the conversion and utilization of glutamate, arginine, threonine, and glycine were affected. Combined with the experimental results and plant growth phenotypes, 20 mmol L-1 cycloleucine significantly inhibited plant growth. In conclusion, 40 mmol L-1 glycine betaine and 20 mmol L-1 cycloleucine had different regulatory effects on plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- Lanzhou New Area Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanqiang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Youlin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma A, Pandey H, Nampoothiri Devadas VAS, Kartha BD, Jha R. Production of, Factors Affecting, Gene Regulations, and Challenges in Tissue Cultured Plant through Soilless Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5804-5811. [PMID: 36995942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soilless culture also known as water based culture and substrate based culture has immense potential to grow tissue cultured plants in a closed and controlled environment system. This review analyzes the various factors that affect the vegetative growth, reproductive growth, metabolic processes, and gene regulatory functions of tissue cultured plants and the suitability of soilless culture for tissue culture plants. Experiments show that morphological and reproductive abnormalities are mitigated in tissue cultured plants by gene regulation in a closed and controlled environment system. Various factors of a soilless culture influence gene regulation and enhance cellular, molecular, and biochemical processes and compensate constraints in tissue cultured plants in closed and controlled environment conditions. The soilless culture can be utilized to harden and grow tissue culture plants. The tissue cultured plants counter water logging problems and are supplied with nutrients at 7 day intervals in the water based culture. It is necessary to analyze the involvement of regulatory genes in detail in combating challenges of tissue cultured plants in soilless cultures under closed systems. Detailed studies are also required to determine anatomy, genesis, and function of microtuber cells in tissue cultured plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Sharma
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh 792103, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226005, India
| | | | - Bhagya D Kartha
- Department of Fruit Crops, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India
| | - Rani Jha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh 792103, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bravo-Vázquez LA, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Bandyopadhyay A, Sharma A, Paul S. Regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:689-705. [PMID: 36753041 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-02992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key modulators of gene expression during callus induction. Their further study may promote the design of innovative plant tissue culture protocols. The use of plants by humans has recently taken on a new and expanding insight due to the advent of genetic engineering technologies. In this context, callus cultures have shown remarkable potential for synthesizing valuable biomolecules, crop improvement, plant micropropagation, and biodiversity preservation. A crucial stage in callus production is the conversion of somatic cells into totipotent cells; compelling evidence indicates that stress factors, transcriptional regulators, and plant hormones can trigger this biological event. Besides, posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression might be essential participants in callus induction. However, research related to the analysis of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that modulate callogenesis and plant cell dedifferentiation in vitro is still at an early stage. During the last decade, some relevant studies have enlightened the fact that different classes of ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in plant cell dedifferentiation through regulating the expression levels of diverse gene targets. Hence, understanding the molecular relevance of these ncRNAs in the aforesaid biological processes might represent a promising source of new biotechnological approaches for callus culture and plant improvement. In this current work, we review the experimental evidence regarding the prospective roles of ncRNAs in callus induction and plant cell dedifferentiation to promote this field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, 4031, Manila, Philippines
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Queretaro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schlathölter I, Broggini GAL, Streb S, Studer B, Patocchi A. Field study of the fire-blight-resistant cisgenic apple line C44.4.146. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1160-1175. [PMID: 36609772 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cisgenesis, the genetic modification of a plant with genes from a sexually compatible plant, was used to confer fire blight resistance to the cultivar 'Gala Galaxy' by amendment of the resistance gene FB_MR5, resulting in the line C44.4.146. To verify whether cisgenesis changed other tree-, flower- or fruit-related traits, a 5-year field trial was conducted with trees of C44.4.146 and multiple control genotypes, including members of the 'Gala' sports group. None of the 44 investigated tree-, flower- or fruit-related traits significantly differed between C44.4.146 and at least one of the control genotypes in all observation years. However, fruits of C44.4.146 and its wild-type 'Gala Galaxy' from tissue culture were paler in color than fruits of 'Gala Galaxy' that had not undergone tissue culture. There was no significant and consistently detected difference in the fruit flesh and peel metabolome of C44.4.146 compared with the control genotypes. Finally, the disease resistance of C44.4.146 was confirmed also when the fire blight pathogen was inoculated through the flowers. We conclude that the use of cisgenesis to confer fire blight resistance to 'Gala Galaxy' in C44.4.146 did not have unintended effects, and that the in vitro establishment of 'Gala Galaxy' had a greater effect on C44.4.146 properties than its generation applying cisgenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schlathölter
- Breeding Research, Research Division Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni A L Broggini
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Streb
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Patocchi
- Breeding Research, Research Division Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adly WMRM, Niedbała G, EL-Denary ME, Mohamed MA, Piekutowska M, Wojciechowski T, Abd El-Salam EST, Fouad AS. Somaclonal Variation for Genetic Improvement of Starch Accumulation in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Tubers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:232. [PMID: 36678944 PMCID: PMC9865851 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Starch content is one of the major quality criteria targeted by potato breeding programs. Traditional potato breeding is a laborious duty due to the tetraploid nature and immense heterozygosity of potato genomes. In addition, screening for functional genetic variations in wild relatives is slow and strenuous. Moreover, genetic diversity, which is the raw material for breeding programs, is limited due to vegetative propagation used in the potato industry. Somaclonal variation provides a time-efficient tool to breeders for obtaining genetic variability, which is essential for breeding programs, at a reasonable cost and independent of sophisticated technology. The present investigation aimed to create potato somaclones with an improved potential for starch accumulation. Based on the weight and starch content of tubers, the somaclonal variant Ros 119, among 105 callus-sourced clones, recorded a higher tuberization potential than the parent cv Lady Rosetta in a field experiment. Although this somaclone was similar to the parent in the number of tubers produced, it exhibited tubers with 42 and 61% higher fresh and dry weights, respectively. Additionally, this clone recorded 10 and 75% increases in starch content based on the dry weight and average content per plant, respectively. The enhanced starch accumulation was associated with the upregulation of six starch-synthesis-related genes, namely, the AGPase, GBSS I, SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III genes. AGPase affords the glycosyl moieties required for the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin. GBSS is required for amylose elongation, while SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III are responsible for amylopectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M. R. M. Adly
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Gniewko Niedbała
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Mahasen A. Mohamed
- Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wojciechowski
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ahmed S. Fouad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mani M, Mathiyazhagan C, Dey A, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Alok A, Shekhawat MS. Micro-morpho-anatomical transitions at various stages of in vitro development of Crinum malabaricum Lekhak and Yadav: A critically endangered medicinal plant. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:142-151. [PMID: 36040406 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crinum malabaricum Lekhak & Yadav is a recently discovered and critically endangered aquatic bulbous plant of the family Amaryllidaceae. It gained attention as a wild source of the acetylcholinesterase inhibiting alkaloid 'galanthamine' used to treat Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. The bulbs of this plant contain the highest amount of galanthamine among Crinum species. In vitro regeneration systems were developed to produce quality uniform plantlets of C. malabaricum. Bright field light microscopy was used to analyse micro-morpho-anatomical developments taking place in the leaves and roots during in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo transitions of plantlets. Leaves and roots of plants raised in vitro possessed a higher degree of microscopic structural anomalies, such as underdeveloped epicuticular wax deposition, immature and non-functional stomata, more aquiferous parenchyma with a reduced lumen. Roots developed in vitro were characterized by extremely large, uneven cortical cells and reduced intercellular spaces. The vascular tissues were under-developed and only primary vascular tissues were observed. As a result of ex vitro acclimation, there was a significant acceleration in the improvement of tissue systems in leaves and roots. Such plantlets can tolerate elevated temperatures and light under in vivo conditions. Thus, the microscopic evaluation of the structural trajectory in different stages of plantlet development provides an understanding of the acclimation process and structural adaptations, which could help enhance survival of in vitro raised plantlets under ex vitro and in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mani
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
- Department of Botany, Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Mathiyazhagan
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - A Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - M Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Alatar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alok
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Twin cities, Saint Paul, USA
| | - M S Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nuzzo F, Gambino G, Perrone I. Unlocking grapevine in vitro regeneration: Issues and perspectives for genetic improvement and functional genomic studies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 193:99-109. [PMID: 36343465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In vitro plant regeneration is a pivotal process in genetic engineering to obtain large numbers of transgenic, cisgenic and gene edited plants in the frame of functional gene or genetic improvement studies. However, several issues emerge as regeneration is not universally possible across the plant kingdom and many variables must be considered. In grapevine (Vitis spp.), as in other woody and fruit tree species, the regeneration process is impaired by a recalcitrance that depends on numerous factors such as genotype and explant-dependent responses. This is one of the major obstacles in developing gene editing approaches and functional genome studies in grapevine and it is therefore crucial to understand how to achieve efficient regeneration across different genotypes. Further issues that emerge in regeneration need to be addressed, such as somaclonal mutations which do not allow the regeneration of individuals identical to the original mother plant, an essential factor for commercial use of the improved grapevines obtained through the New Breeding Techniques. Over the years, the evolution of protocols to achieve plant regeneration has relied mainly on optimizing protocols for genotypes of interest whilst nowadays with new genomic data available there is an emerging opportunity to have a clearer picture of its molecular regulation. The goal of this review is to discuss the latest information available about different aspects of grapevine in vitro regeneration, to address the main factors that can impair the efficiency of the plant regeneration process and cause post-regeneration problems and to propose strategies for investigating and solving them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Nuzzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Strada Delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun X, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang X, Wang H, Wang D, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang G, Wei Z. Establishment of an efficient regeneration and Agrobacterium transformation system in mature embryos of calla lily ( Zantedeschia spp.). Front Genet 2022; 13:1085694. [PMID: 36561313 PMCID: PMC9763309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) have great aesthetic value due to their spathe-like appearance and richness of coloration. However, embryonic callus regeneration is absent from its current regeneration mechanism. As a result, constructing an adequate and stable genetic transformation system is hampered, severely hindering breeding efforts. In this research, the callus induction effectiveness of calla lily seed embryos of various maturities was evaluated. The findings indicated that mature seed embryos were more suitable for in vitro regeneration. Using orthogonal design experiments, the primary elements influencing in vitro regeneration, such as plant growth regulators, genotypes, and nanoscale materials, which was emergent uses for in vitro regeneration, were investigated. The findings indicated that MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L was the optimal medium for callus induction (CIM); the germination medium (GM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L and 1 mg/L CNTs, and the rooting medium (RM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.7 mg/L and 2 mg/L CNTs. This allowed us to verify, in principle, that the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system operates under optimal circumstances using the GUS reporter gene. Here, we developed a seed embryo-based genetic transformation regeneration system, which set the stage for future attempts to create new calla lily varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
| | - Zunzheng Wei
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang H, Guo M, Wu Q, Zhao M, Li R, Deng X, Xi R. Efficient regeneration of mature castanopsis hystrix from in vitro stem explants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:914652. [PMID: 36035695 PMCID: PMC9412185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.914652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Castanopsis hystrix is one of the main timber trees grown in China. However, severe shortage of natural seeds and the difficulty of explant regeneration has limited seedling supply. As such, there is a need for research on asexual multiplication of C. hystrix. This study established a rapid propagation technology system for C. hystrix genotypes, including explant treatment, proliferation, and rooting. HZ (a modified MS medium) supplemented with 4.4 μM BA and 0.5 μM IBA was found to be the optimal medium for shoot sprouting. The maximum proliferation coefficient and the number of effective shoots was obtained on HZ medium supplemented with 2.6 μM BA and 1.0 μM IBA, were 3.00 and 5.63, respectively. A rooting rate of 83.33% was achieved using half-strength HZ medium supplemented with 3.2 μM NAA. Adding vitamin C (80 mg⋅l-1) for 7 days in a dark environment reduced the browning rate, while increasing the proliferation rate. Additionally, through cytological observation, we established how and where adventitious roots occur. The survival rate of transplanted plantlets was > 90%. This is the first report of an in vitro regeneration technique that uses stem segments of mature C. hystrix as explants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaona Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruchun Xi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, Guangzhou, China
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Zhao J, Chen H, Yu X, Li H, Zhang Y, Feng L, Wu Z, Xie W, Hou D, Yu M. Plant regeneration via callus-mediated organogenesis in commercial variety of Chuanbeichai No. 1 in Bupleurum chinense DC. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 17:159-169. [PMID: 35873882 PMCID: PMC9288091 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-022-00772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense DC is an important medicinal plant with many active ingredients that are used for the treatment of different types of diseases and valued in pharmaceutical markets. In vitro shoot regeneration can efficiently contribute to the improvement of B. chinense. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the explant type and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in B. chinense. Our investigation demonstrated that 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) played a major role in promoting callus induction from leaf, hypocotyl and stem 2 explants, whereas the most effective treatment for stem 1 callus formation was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg/L kinetin (Kin). The highest shoot regeneration rate (57.14%) was obtained from hypocotyl-induced calli in MS medium with 0.5 mg/L Kin after 12 weeks of cultivation. This regeneration protocol can be used in large-scale cultivation and may be useful for future genetic modifications of B. chinense .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Xia Yu
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Wenlin Xie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Dabin Hou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010 Sichuan China
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Asghar S, Xiong Y, Che M, Fan X, Li H, Wang Y, Xu X, Li W, Han Z. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effects of strigolactone on shoot regeneration of apple. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1613-1626. [PMID: 35680714 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that strigolactone inhibitor, Tis108, could be used to improve shoot regeneration of apple, and provided insights into the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation. Lack of an efficient transformation system largely stagnated the application of transgenic and CRISPR technology in apple rootstock. High shoot regeneration ability is an important basis for establishing an effective transformation system. In this study, we first demonstrated the inhibitory effects of strigolactones on the adventitious shoot formation of apple rootstock M26. Next, we successfully verified that strigolactone-biosynthesis inhibitor, Tis108, could be used to improve the shoot regeneration of woody plants. Our results also suggest strigolactone-biosynthesis gene, MdCCD7, can be a target gene for biotechnological improvements of shoot regeneration capacity. Furthermore, we have employed transcriptome analysis to reveal the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation. Differentially expressed genes associated with photosynthesis, secondary growth, and organ development were identified. WGCNA suggests SLs might affect shoot regeneration through interaction with other hormones, especially, auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene. We were able to identify important candidate genes mediating the cross-talk between strigolactone and other hormones during the process of adventitious shoot formation. Overall, our findings not only propose a useful chemical for improving shoot regeneration in practice but also provide insights into the molecular mechanism of strigolactone-mediated inhibition of adventitious shoot formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeera Asghar
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Long Y, Yang Y, Pan G, Shen Y. New Insights Into Tissue Culture Plant-Regeneration Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926752. [PMID: 35845646 PMCID: PMC9280033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant regeneration occurs when plants repair or replace damaged structures based on the totipotency and pluripotency of their cells. Tissue culture is one of the most widely used regenerative technologies. Recently, a series of breakthroughs were made in the study of plant regeneration. This review summarizes two regenerative pathways in tissue culture: somatic embryogenesis and de novo organogenesis. Furthermore, we review the environmental factors influencing plant regeneration from explant sources, basal culture medium, plant growth regulators, and light/dark treatment. Additionally, we analyse the molecular mechanisms underlying two pathways. This knowledge will promote an understanding of the fundamental principles of plant regeneration from precursor cells and lay a solid foundation for applying plant micropropagation and genetic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Long
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Andreasson E, Kieu NP, Zahid MA, Carlsen FM, Marit L, Sandgrind S, Petersen BL, Zhu LH. Invited Mini-Review Research Topic: Utilization of Protoplasts to Facilitate Gene Editing in Plants: Schemes for In Vitro Shoot Regeneration From Tissues and Protoplasts of Potato and Rapeseed: Implications of Bioengineering Such as Gene Editing of Broad-Leaved Plants. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:780004. [PMID: 35845346 PMCID: PMC9276966 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.780004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schemes for efficient regenerationand recovery of shoots from in vitro tissues or single cells, such as protoplasts, are only available for limited numbers of plant species and genotypes and are crucial for establishing gene editing tools on a broader scale in agriculture and plant biology. Growth conditions, including hormone and nutrient composition as well as light regimes in key steps of known regeneration protocols, display significant variations, even between the genotypes within the same species, e.g., potato (Solanum tuberosum). As fresh plant material is a prerequisite for successful shoot regeneration, the plant material often needs to be refreshed for optimizing the growth and physiological state prior to genetic transformation. Utilization of protoplasts has become a more important approach for obtaining transgene-free edited plants by genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9. In this approach, callus formation from protoplasts is induced by one set of hormones, followed by organogenesis, i.e., shoot formation, which is induced by a second set of hormones. The requirements on culture conditions at these key steps vary considerably between the species and genotypes, which often require quantitative adjustments of medium compositions. In this mini-review, we outline the protocols and notes for clonal regeneration and cultivation from single cells, particularly protoplasts in potato and rapeseed. We focus mainly on different hormone treatment schemes and highlight the importance of medium compositions, e.g., sugar, nutrient, and light regimes as well as culture durations at the key regeneration steps. We believe that this review would provide important information and hints for establishing efficient regeneration strategies from other closely related and broad-leaved plant species in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Erik Andreasson,
| | - Nam Phuong Kieu
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Awais Zahid
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Frida Meijer Carlsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lenman Marit
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sjur Sandgrind
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Bent Larsen Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Joshi S, Paul P, Hartman JM, Perry SE. AGL15 Promotion of Somatic Embryogenesis: Role and Molecular Mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861556. [PMID: 35419012 PMCID: PMC8996056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants have amazing regenerative properties with single somatic cells, or groups of cells able to give rise to fully formed plants. One means of regeneration is somatic embryogenesis, by which an embryonic structure is formed that "converts" into a plantlet. Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model for zygotic processes that are buried within layers of maternal tissues. Understanding mechanisms of somatic embryo induction and development are important as a more accessible model for seed development. We rely on seed development not only for most of our caloric intake, but also as a delivery system for engineered crops to meet agricultural challenges. Regeneration of transformed cells is needed for this applied work as well as basic research to understand gene function. Here we focus on a MADS-domain transcription factor, AGAMOUS-Like15 (AGL15) that shows a positive correlation between accumulation levels and capacity for somatic embryogenesis. We relate AGL15 function to other transcription factors, hormones, and epigenetic modifiers involved in somatic embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Joshi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jeanne M. Hartman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sharyn E. Perry
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kannan G, Saraswathi MS, Thangavelu R, Kumar PS, Bathrinath M, Uma S, Backiyarani S, Chandrasekar A, Ganapathi TR. Development of fusarium wilt resistant mutants of Musa spp. cv.Rasthali (AAB, Silk subgroup) and comparative proteomic analysis along with its wild type. PLANTA 2022; 255:80. [PMID: 35249170 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Induced mutagenesis using embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) explants with toxin based screening is an effective tool to create non-chimeral Fusarium wilt resistant mutants in banana. Global proteomics unravel the molecular mechanism behind resistance. Race 1 of Fusarium wilt is a serious threat to Musa spp. cv.Rasthali (AAB, Silk subgroup) which is a choice variety traditionally grown in most of the south East Asian countries. Resistant gene introgression into susceptible varieties through conventional breeding has several limitations and the predominant ones being sterility and long generation time. Under such circumstances, induced mutagenesis combined with toxin based in vitro screening remains as the viable alternative for the development of fusarium wilt resistant Rasthali. Therefore, induced mutagenesis was attempted by using ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) in embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) of Rasthali followed by in vitro screening for fusarium wilt resistance using new generation toxins and pot screening through challenge inoculation with Foc race 1. This ultimately resulted in the identification of 15 resistant lines. Global proteomic analysis in one of the resistant mutant lines namely NRCBRM15 and its wild type revealed 37 proteins, of which 20 showed differential expression. Out of 20 proteins, nineteen were significantly abundant in NRCBRM15 and only one was abundant in wild Rasthali. A total of nine genes based on protein expression were further validated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Annotation results revealed that some of the genes namely Enolase, ATP synthase-alpha subunit, Actin 2, Actin 3,-glucanase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, Respiratory burst oxidase homolog, V type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A and DUF292 domain containing protein are involved in diverse functions such as carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, electron carrier, response to wounding, binding proteins, cytoskeleton organization, extracellular region, structural molecule and defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Kannan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Marimuthu Somasundaram Saraswathi
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India.
| | - Raman Thangavelu
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Parasuraman Subesh Kumar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Murugesan Bathrinath
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Subbaraya Uma
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Suthanthiram Backiyarani
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Arumugam Chandrasekar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR, National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (post), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 102, India
| | - Thumballi R Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boosting Polyamines to Enhance Shoot Regeneration in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using AgNO3. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in shoot regeneration systems support biotechnology-based tools used in the genetic improvement of plant crops. This study aims to enhance shoot regeneration in potatoes by boosting polyamine content by adding AgNO3 to the shoot regeneration medium (MS medium supplemented with 30 g L−1 sucrose, 100 mg L−1 myoinositol, and 2.25 BA mg L−1). Five concentrations of AgNO3 (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg L−1) were used in addition to a control. The effect of AgNO3 on regeneration assumed a more or less concentration-dependent bell-shaped curve peaking at 4 mg L−1. Enhancements in shoot regeneration were attributed to the known role of AgNO3 as an ethylene action blocker in addition to improvements in polyamine accumulation without an increase in H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. The uncoupling of shoot regeneration and polyamine content recorded at high AgNO3 concentrations can be attributed to the consumption of polyamines to counteract the synchronized oxidative stress manifested by increases in H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage.
Collapse
|
26
|
Development of an Improved Micropropagation Protocol for Red-Fleshed Pitaya ‘Da Hong’ with and without Activated Charcoal and Plant Growth Regulator Combinations. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation protocols for red-fleshed Hylocereus species (Cactaceae) have been developed; however, these methods prolong the sprout duration from areoles and produce irregular micro-propagules in ‘Da Hong’ pitaya. Thus, the present study aimed to establish an improved micropropagation protocol for this cultivar. Shoot regeneration and root induction of self-pollinating seedling segments were evaluated in response to combinations of activated charcoal (AC; 200 mg/L), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/L), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mg/L). The correlations among plantlet growth characteristics and plantlet survival rate after transplantation under field conditions were calculated. Increasing the NAA concentration increased the number of roots but reduced root length. The addition of AC enhanced shoot length and prevented the regeneration of dried-out, clustered, and abnormal shoots. Plantlets treated with 200 mg/L AC and 0.10 mg/L NAA produced the highest number of shoots, i.e., 4.1 shoots, which however, were shorter and lighter than those cultured with AC alone. Plantlets grown on medium supplemented with BAP showed no advantage in shoot number, shoot weight, plantlet surface area, or plantlet volume. The weight and shoot surface area of plantlets were strongly correlated. All plantlets grew well at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Overall, these results support this improved micropropagation method to regenerate robust ex vitro plantlets.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nanotechnology in Plant Metabolite Improvement and in Animal Welfare. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture plays an important role in plant biotechnology due to its potential for massive production of improved crop varieties and high yield of important secondary metabolites. Several efforts have been made to ameliorate the effectiveness and production of plant tissue culture, using biotic and abiotic factors. Nowadays, the addition of nanoparticles as elicitors has, for instance, gained worldwide interest because of its success in microbial decontamination and enhancement of secondary metabolites. Nanoparticles are entities in the nanometric dimension range: they possess unique physicochemical properties. Among all nanoparticles, silver-nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known for their antimicrobial and hormetic effects, which in appropriate doses, led to the improvement of plant biomass as well as secondary metabolite accumulation. This review is focused on the evaluation of the integration of nanotechnology with plant tissue culture. The highlight is especially conveyed on secondary metabolite enhancement, effects on plant growth and biomass accumulation as well as their possible mechanism of action. In addition, some perspectives of the use of nanomaterials as potential therapeutic agents are also discussed. Thus, the information provided will be a good tool for future research in plant improvement and the large-scale production of important secondary metabolites. Elicitation of silver-nanoparticles, as well as nanomaterials, function as therapeutic agents for animal well-being is expected to play a major role in the process. However, nanosized supramolecular aggregates have received an increased resonance also in other fields of application such as animal welfare. Therefore, the concluding section of this contribution is dedicated to the description and possible potential and usage of different nanoparticles that have been the object of work and expertise also in our laboratories.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mujib A, Bansal Y, Malik MQ, Syeed R, Mamgain J, Ejaz B. Internal and External Regulatory Elements Controlling Somatic Embryogenesis in Catharanthus: A Model Medicinal Plant. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2527:11-27. [PMID: 35951180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Somatic or in vitro embryogenesis is a unique embryo producing process from vegetative cells observed in plants since 1958. Even over 60 years of research, the transition of somatic cells into embryonic fate is still not elucidated fully. Various networks and signaling elements have been noted to play important role in this "vegetative to reproductive" transition process. The networks include genotypes, explant types, the sugar/carbohydrate sources, cultural/environmental conditions like light quality and intensity, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, cell density, plant growth regulator (PGR) (auxin and cytokinin) signaling, PGR-gene interplay, stresses are important and cause new cellular reprogramming during embryonic acquisition. A wide array of genes, specific to zygotic embryogenesis, also express during somatic embryogenesis. A few embryogenesis-specific genes such as SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS LIKE RECEPTOR KINASE, LEAFY COTYLEDON, AGAMOUS-LIKE 15, and BABY BOOM are crucial and have been discussed. The chapter focuses the importance of these gene products, e.g., proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors in regulating embryogenesis. Many of these encoded proteins act as potential somatic embryogenesis markers. Besides, important elements such as genotype, herbaceous/woody plants' response in culture in inducing embryos have been discussed. All these elements are connected and form network in complex fashion thus difficult to unfold fully; some of the current progress and developments have been presented in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mujib
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Yashika Bansal
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Moien Qadir Malik
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rukaya Syeed
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Mamgain
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Ejaz
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Spinoso-Castillo JL, Bello-Bello JJ. In Vitro Stress-Mediated Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2527:223-235. [PMID: 35951194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2485-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) serves as a key biological model for studying cell totipotency and the ontogenic processes of zygotic embryogenesis in plants. The SE process, under in vitro conditions, can be induced from different sources of explant cultivated in a culture medium with plant growth regulators (PGR) or by subjecting tissues to abiotic stress treatments. Somatic embryogenesis, in plant tissue culture (PTC), is a multifactorial event. The use of PGR, particularly auxins, is an important factor during induction. However, in vitro abiotic stress treatments are physiologically, biochemically, and genetically relevant and should be further studied.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu S, Wang X, Ding N, Liu Y, Li N, Ma Y, Zhao J, Wang Z, Li X, Fu X, Li L. Nucleotide Sequence Variation in Long-Term Tissue Cultures of Chinese Ginseng ( Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 35009083 PMCID: PMC8747682 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants have the salient biological property of totipotency, i.e., the capacity to regenerate a whole plant from virtually any kind of fully differentiated somatic cells after a process of dedifferentiation. This property has been well-documented by successful plant regeneration from tissue cultures of diverse plant species. However, the accumulation of somaclonal variation, especially karyotype alteration, during the tissue culture process compromises cell totipotency. In this respect, Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is an exception in that it shows little decline in cell totipotency accompanied by remarkable chromosomal stability even after prolonged tissue cultures. However, it remains unclear whether chromosomal level stability necessarily couples with molecular genetic stability at the nucleotide sequence level, given that the two types of stabilities are generated by largely distinct mechanisms. Here, we addressed this issue by genome-wide comparisons at the single-base resolution of long-term tissue culture-regenerated P. ginseng plants. We identified abundant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have accumulated in cultured ginseng callus and are retained in the process of plant regeneration. These SNPs did not occur at random but showed differences among chromosomes and biased regional aggregation along a given chromosome. In addition, our results demonstrate that, compared with the overall genes, genes related to processes of cell totipotency and chromosomal stability possess lower mutation rates at both coding and flanking regions. In addition, collectively, the mutated genes exhibited higher expression levels than non-mutated genes and are significantly enriched in fundamental biological processes, including cellular component organization, development, and reproduction. These attributes suggest that the precipitated molecular level genetic variations during the process of regeneration in P. ginseng are likely under selection to fortify normal development. As such, they likely did not undermine chromosomal stability and totipotency of the long-term ginseng cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.W.); (N.D.)
| | - Ning Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.W.); (N.D.)
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yiqiao Ma
- Jilin Academy of Vegetable and Flower Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.L.); (N.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xueqi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Linfeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.W.); (N.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Morphogenetic and physiological effects of LED spectra on the apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23628. [PMID: 34880352 PMCID: PMC8655032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of artificial light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has become a prerequisite in tissue culture studies to obtain morphogenetic enhancements on in vitro plants. This technology is essential for developmental enhancements in the growing plant cultures due to its light quality and intensity greatly influencing the in vitro growing explants at a cellular level. The current study investigates the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra on the growth of apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack. Ficus carica, commonly known as figs is rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals capable of treating microbial infections and gastric, inflammatory, and cardiac disorders. Apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack, presented morphogenetic changes when grown under six different LED spectra. The highest multiple shoots (1.80 per growing explant) and healthy growing cultures were observed under the blue + red LED spectrum. Wound-induced callus formation was observed on apical buds grown under green LED spectrum and discolouration of the growing shoots were observed on the cultures grown under far-red LED spectrum. Multiple shoots obtained from the blue + red LED treatment were rooted using 8 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised. Compared with the other monochromatic LEDs, blue + red proved to be significantly better for producing excellent plant morphogeny. It is apparent that blue and red LED is the most suitable spectra for the healthy development of plants. The findings have confirmed that the combination of blue + red LED can potentially be used for enhancing growth yields of medicinally and commercially important plants.
Collapse
|
32
|
Paolo D, Locatelli F, Cominelli E, Pirona R, Pozzo S, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Palma M, Docimo T, Tucci M, Sparvoli F. Towards a Cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis)-Based Biorefinery: A Case Study of Improved Cell Cultures via Genetic Modulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111978. [PMID: 34769407 PMCID: PMC8584892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis L.) is a promising candidate species for the development of plant cell cultures suitable for large-scale biomass production and recovery of nutraceuticals. We set up a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which can be used for the improvement of cardoon cell cultures in a frame of biorefinery. As high lignin content determines lower saccharification yields for the biomass, we opted for a biotechnological approach, with the purpose of reducing lignin content; we generated transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 transcription factor, a known repressor of lignin/flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization, including metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of AtMYB4 overexpression cardoon lines, in comparison to wild type, underlining favorable traits for their use in biorefinery. Among these, the improved accessibility of the lignocellulosic biomass to degrading enzymes due to depletion of lignin content, the unexpected increased growth rates, and the valuable nutraceutical profiles, in particular for hydroxycinnamic/caffeoylquinic and fatty acids profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Paolo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Raul Pirona
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Parab AR, Chew BL, Yeow LC, Subramaniam S. Organogenesis on apical buds in common fig (Ficus carica) var. Black Jack. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
34
|
Long-Term Potato Virus X (PVX)-Based Transient Expression of Recombinant GFP Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana Culture In Vitro. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102187. [PMID: 34685995 PMCID: PMC8537016 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant molecular farming has a great potential to produce valuable proteins. Transient expression technology provides high yields of recombinant proteins in greenhouse-grown plants, but every plant must be artificially agroinfiltrated, and open greenhouse systems are less controlled. Here, we propose to propagate agrobacteria-free plants with high-efficient long-term self-replicated transient gene expression in a well-controlled closed in vitro system. Nicotiana benthamiana plant tissue culture in vitro, with transient expression of recombinant GFP, was obtained through shoot induction from leaf explants infected by a PVX-based vector. The transient expression occurs in new tissues and regenerants due to the natural systemic distribution of viral RNA carrying the target gene. Gene silencing was delayed in plants grown in vitro, and GFP was detected in plants for five to six months. Agrobacteria-free, GFP-expressing plants can be micropropagated in vitro (avoiding an agroinfiltration step), "rejuvenated" through regeneration (maintaining culture for years), or transferred in soil. The mean GFP in the regenerants was 18% of the total soluble proteins (TSP) (0.52 mg/g of fresh leaf weight (FW). The highest value reached 47% TSP (2 mg/g FW). This study proposes a new method for recombinant protein production combining the advantages of transient expression technology and closed cultural systems.
Collapse
|
35
|
Roque-Borda CA, Kulus D, Vacaro de Souza A, Kaviani B, Vicente EF. Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116157. [PMID: 34200414 PMCID: PMC8201202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction due to anthropopression and climate change. Their preservation is imperative for the sake of future breeding programs. Gene banks have been created worldwide to conserve different plant species of cultural and economic importance. Many of them apply cryopreservation, a conservation method in which ultra-low temperatures (−135 °C to −196 °C) are used for long-term storage of tissue samples, with little risk of variation occurrence. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) when the adverse effect of ice crystal formation and growth is mitigated by the removal of water and the formation of the so-called biological glass (vitrification). This state can be achieved in several ways. The involvement of key cold-regulated genes and proteins in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues may additionally improve the survival of LN-stored explants. The present review explains the importance of cryostorage in agronomy and presents an overview of the recent works accomplished with this strategy. The most widely used cryopreservation techniques, classic and modern cryoprotective agents, and some protocols applied in crops are considered to understand which parameters provide the establishment of high quality and broadly applicable cryopreservation. Attention is also focused on the issues of genetic integrity and functional genomics in plant cryobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dariusz Kulus
- Laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Bernardyńska 6, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Vacaro de Souza
- School of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã 17602-496, SP, Brazil; (A.V.d.S.); (E.F.V.)
| | - Behzad Kaviani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 4147654919, Iran;
| | - Eduardo Festozo Vicente
- School of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã 17602-496, SP, Brazil; (A.V.d.S.); (E.F.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hesami M, Baiton A, Alizadeh M, Pepe M, Torkamaneh D, Jones AMP. Advances and Perspectives in Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering of Cannabis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5671. [PMID: 34073522 PMCID: PMC8197860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desirable traits and enhanced secondary metabolite production. Micropropagation, conservation, cell suspension culture, hairy root culture, polyploidy manipulation, and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation have been studied and used in cannabis. However, some obstacles such as the low rate of transgenic plant regeneration and low efficiency of secondary metabolite production in hairy root culture and cell suspension culture have restricted the application of these approaches in cannabis. In the current review, in vitro culture and genetic engineering methods in cannabis along with other promising techniques such as morphogenic genes, new computational approaches, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR/Cas9-equipped Agrobacterium-mediated genome editing, and hairy root culture, that can help improve gene transformation and plant regeneration, as well as enhance secondary metabolite production, have been highlighted and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Austin Baiton
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Milad Alizadeh
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.H.); (A.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Manokari M, Priyadharshini S, Shekhawat MS. Micro-Structural Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Vitex negundo L. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-9. [PMID: 33858540 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Manokari
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry605008, India
- Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Palayamkottai600106, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Priyadharshini
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry605008, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry605008, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Soumare A, Diédhiou AG, Arora NK, Tawfeeq Al-Ani LK, Ngom M, Fall S, Hafidi M, Ouhdouch Y, Kouisni L, Sy MO. Potential Role and Utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes in Plant Tissue Culture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649878. [PMID: 33854489 PMCID: PMC8039301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) play major roles in diverse ecosystems, including atmospheric nitrogen fixation, water uptake, solubilization, and transport of minerals from the soil to the plant. Different PGPMs are proposed as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and/or biocontrol agents to improve plant growth and productivity and thereby to contribute to agricultural sustainability and food security. However, little information exists regarding the use of PGPMs in micropropagation such as the in vitro plant tissue culture. This review presents an overview of the importance of PGPMs and their potential application in plant micropropagation. Our analysis, based on published articles, reveals that the process of in vitro classical tissue culture techniques, under strictly aseptic conditions, deserves to be reviewed to allow vitroplants to benefit from the positive effect of PGPMs. Furthermore, exploiting the potential benefits of PGPMs will lead to lessen the cost production of vitroplants during micropropagation process and will make the technique of plant tissue culture more efficient. The last part of the review will indicate where research is needed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Soumare
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (CEA-AGRISAN), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdala G Diédhiou
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (CEA-AGRISAN), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, BBA University, Lucknow, India
| | - Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.,School of Biology Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariama Ngom
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales (LCBV), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Saliou Fall
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mame Ourèye Sy
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales (LCBV), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Hanász A, Zsombik L, Dobránszki J. Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040670. [PMID: 33807286 PMCID: PMC8066107 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Hanász
- Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Zsombik
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim WS, Seo JH, Lee JI, Ko ES, Cho SM, Kang JR, Jeong JH, Jeong YJ, Kim CY, Cha JD, Ryu YB. The Metabolite Profile in Culture Supernatant of Aster yomena Callus and Its Anti-Photoaging Effect in Skin Cells Exposed to UVB. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040659. [PMID: 33808279 PMCID: PMC8066191 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aster yomena (A. yomena) extract has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-asthma, and anti-atopic effects. However, the commercial use of A. yomena extract requires a long processing time with specific processing steps (including heat treatment and ethanol precipitation), and there are various environmental problems. We aimed to build a system to produce A. yomena extract by culturing the callus in a bioreactor that can allow rapid process scale-up to test the effect of extract (AYC-CS-E) isolated from culture supernatant of A. yomena callus on photoaging of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Through screening analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS), 17 major metabolites were tentatively identified from AYC-CS-E for the first time. The suppression of cell proliferation caused by UVB was effectively alleviated in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells treated with AYC-CS-E. Treatment with AYC-CS-E strongly induced the formation of type I procollagen and the inhibition of elastase in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells and significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. In addition, treatment of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells with AYC-CS-E effectively improved various factors associated with an inflammatory reaction, skin damage recovery, skin moisture retention, and hyper-keratinization caused by photoaging, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), MMP-3, MMP-9, filaggrin, hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS-2), keratin 1 (KRT-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) at the gene and protein levels. These results suggest that AYC-CS-E can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for various skin diseases caused by photoaging, and the current callus culture system can be used commercially to supply cosmetic ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Jeong Hun Seo
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jae-In Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Eun-Sil Ko
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Sang-Min Cho
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jea-Ran Kang
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
| | - Jeong-Dan Cha
- Department of Bio-Material and Product Development and R&D Center, General Bio, Namwon-si 55793, Korea; (J.H.S.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-M.C.); (J.-R.K.); (J.-H.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.-D.C.); (Y.-B.R.); Tel.: +82-63-263-0001 (J.-D.C.); +82-63-570-5171 (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (W.S.K.); (J.-I.L.); (Y.J.J.); (C.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.-D.C.); (Y.-B.R.); Tel.: +82-63-263-0001 (J.-D.C.); +82-63-570-5171 (Y.-B.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Monthony AS, Page SR, Hesami M, Jones AMP. The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:185. [PMID: 33478171 PMCID: PMC7835777 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.S.M.); (S.R.P.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zaragoza-Puchol D, Ortiz JE, Orden AA, Sanchez M, Palermo J, Tapia A, Bastida J, Feresin GE. Alkaloids Analysis of Habranthus cardenasianus (Amaryllidaceae), Anti-Cholinesterase Activity and Biomass Production by Propagation Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010192. [PMID: 33401696 PMCID: PMC7795992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants in the Amaryllidaceae family synthesize a diversity of bioactive alkaloids. Some of these plant species are not abundant and have a low natural multiplication rate. The aims of this work were the alkaloids analysis of a Habranthus cardenasianus bulbs extract, the evaluation of its inhibitory activity against cholinesterases, and to test several propagation strategies for biomass production. Eleven compounds were characterized by GC-MS in the alkaloid extract, which showed a relatively high proportion of tazettine. The known alkaloids tazettine, haemanthamine, and the epimer mixture haemanthidine/6-epi-haemanthidine were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory cholinesterases activity was not detected. Three forms of propagation were performed: bulb propagation from seed, cut-induced bulb division, and micropropagated bulbs. Finally, different imbibition and post-collection times were evaluated in seed germination assays. The best propagation method was cut-induced bulb division with longitudinal cuts into quarters (T1) while the best conditions for seed germination were 0-day of post-collection and two days of imbibition. The alkaloids analyses of the H. cardenasianus bulbs showed that they are a source of anti-tumoral alkaloids, especially pretazettine (tazettine) and T1 is a sustainable strategy for its propagation and domestication to produce bioactive alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zaragoza-Puchol
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C.P. 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier E. Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Alejandro A. Orden
- INTEQUI CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, C.P. D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina;
| | - Marianela Sanchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.S.); (J.P.)
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CITVM-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Campus Universitario, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Villa María, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Palermo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; (M.S.); (J.P.)
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII # 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gabriela E. Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina; (D.Z.-P.); (J.E.O.); (A.T.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C.P. 1425 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), C.P. 5400 San Juan, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-264-421-1700 (ext. 410/294); Fax: +54-264-420-0289
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gulzar B, Mujib A, Mushtaq Z, Malik MQ. Old Catharanthus roseus culture (14 years) produced somatic embryos and plants and showed normal genome size; demonstrated an increased antioxidant defense mechanism; and synthesized stress proteins as biochemical, proteomics, and flow-cytometry studies reveal. J Appl Genet 2020; 62:43-57. [PMID: 33145639 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies have been developed globally to conserve germplasm by propagating plants. One important technique is in vitro propagation and preservation through tissue culture. In many investigated plants, the long in vitro conservation is plagued with several limitations like genetic variations, developmental errors in cells or tissues due to induced stress. This provoked us to conduct a study of Catharanthus roseus culture maintained for over fourteen long years and a newly established 8-month-old culture. The present study investigated and compared the two tissue types differing by their age. The biomass accumulation, the biochemical differences of the two, dead cell analysis with aging via confocal microscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS)-based proteomic differences were studied in old and newly established Catharanthus culture. The proteomic study reveals more than 120 upregulated or high abundance proteins in old culture as compared to newly established Catharanthus. The identified upregulated proteins are stress protein 69, heat shock proteins (HSP), isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and others. These proteins had an association with antioxidant activities, related to stress, and a few are linked to respiration. Our study reveals the presence of a robust antioxidant defense mechanism, i.e., 51.94%, 78.8%, and 61% higher SOD, APX, and CAT activities in older cultures (O) as compared to newly established tissues (N), which perhaps act against stress and may play a key role in ameliorating negative impacts of long-term in vitro conditions. The inherent strong antioxidant defense system in old cultures added resilience and enabled the culture to revive growth quickly (within 1-2 days) following transfer to new medium as compared to new culture (7-10 days). The biomass accumulation was more (37.08 %) in old tissues as compared to new culture. The 2C DNA or genome size of C. roseus especially the 14-year-old culture-derived regenerated plant was measured by flow cytometry. The 2C DNA size of this Catharanthus (old culture) plant is 1.516 pg, which is very similar to new culture-derived plants' and field-grown plants' genome size. No anomaly in genome size was noted in plants of old culture, as opposed to common perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basit Gulzar
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A Mujib
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Zeenat Mushtaq
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moien Qadir Malik
- Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Natural Variation in Plant Pluripotency and Regeneration. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101261. [PMID: 32987766 PMCID: PMC7598583 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant regeneration is essential for survival upon wounding and is, hence, considered to be a strong natural selective trait. The capacity of plant tissues to regenerate in vitro, however, varies substantially between and within species and depends on the applied incubation conditions. Insight into the genetic factors underlying this variation may help to improve numerous biotechnological applications that exploit in vitro regeneration. Here, we review the state of the art on the molecular framework of de novo shoot organogenesis from root explants in Arabidopsis, which is a complex process controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci of various effect sizes. Two types of factors are distinguished that contribute to natural regenerative variation: master regulators that are conserved in all experimental systems (e.g., WUSCHEL and related homeobox genes) and conditional regulators whose relative role depends on the explant and the incubation settings. We further elaborate on epigenetic variation and protocol variables that likely contribute to differential explant responsivity within species and conclude that in vitro shoot organogenesis occurs at the intersection between (epi) genetics, endogenous hormone levels, and environmental influences.
Collapse
|
45
|
Application of Artificial Neural Network for Modeling and Studying In Vitro Genotype-Independent Shoot Regeneration in Wheat. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing in vitro shoot regeneration conditions in wheat is one of the important steps in successful micropropagation and gene transformation. Various factors such as genotypes, explants, and phytohormones affect in vitro regeneration of wheat, hindering the ability to tailor genotype-independent protocols. Novel computational approaches such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) can facilitate modeling and predicting outcomes of tissue culture experiments and thereby reduce large experimental treatments and combinations. In this study, generalized regression neural network (GRNN) were used to model and forecast in vitro shoot regeneration outcomes of wheat on the basis of 10 factors including genotypes, explants, and different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (Kin), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), zeatin, and CuSO4. In addition, GRNN was linked to a genetic algorithm (GA) to identify an optimized solution for maximum shoot regeneration. Results indicated that GRNN could accurately predict the shoot regeneration frequency in the validation set with a coefficient determination of 0.78. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that shoot regeneration frequency was more sensitive to variables in the order of 2,4-D > explant > genotype < zeatin < NAA. Results of this study suggest that GRNN-GA can be used as a tool, besides experimental approaches, to develop and optimize in vitro genotype-independent regeneration protocols.
Collapse
|