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Okonye LU, Ren J. A comprehensive review of PETW recycling for supercapacitor applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35285. [PMID: 39170277 PMCID: PMC11336431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising measure of waste produced from polyethene terephthalate (PET) and the interest in eco-accommodating energy storage arrangements have prompted escalated examination into reusing waste PET into supercapacitors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate waste (PETW), as a supercapacitor electrode precursor. The review looks at different methodologies for recovering PET from waste, including mechanical, chemical, enzyme, etc. It further explores the combination strategies for electrode materials produced using PET. Besides, PET-derived materials' electrochemical performance in supercapacitor application is likewise broken down, with an emphasis on key electrochemical boundaries like capacitive behaviour, cyclic stability, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The need for scalable and cost-effective recycling methods, the creation of eco-friendly electrolytes, and the improvement of the electrochemical performance of recycled PET-based supercapacitors are just a few of the issues and opportunities highlighted in this expanding eco-friendly industry. Overall, the goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cutting-edge developments in the use of recycled PETW as a precursor for supercapacitor electrodes, highlighting the eco-friendly energy storage solution's potential and contributing to a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard U. Okonye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Kingsway and University Roads, Auckland Park, 2092, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Cnr Lynwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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Costa NL, Hiranobe CT, Cardim HP, Dognani G, Sanchez JC, Carvalho JAJ, Torres GB, Paim LL, Pinto LF, Cardim GP, Cabrera FC, dos Santos RJ, Silva MJ. A Review of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Properties and Progress. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1720. [PMID: 38932070 PMCID: PMC11207359 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a synthetic rubber widely used in industry and commerce due to its high thermal and chemical resistance. Nanotechnology has enabled the incorporation of nanomaterials into polymeric matrixes that maintain their flexibility and conformation, allowing them to achieve properties previously unattainable, such as improved tensile and chemical resistance. In this work, we summarize the influence of different nanostructures on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of EPDM-based materials to keep up with current research and support future research into synthetic rubber nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Lima Costa
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
- School of Technology and Sciences (FCT–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Toshiyuki Hiranobe
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Pina Cardim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme Dognani
- School of Technology and Sciences (FCT–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Juan Camilo Sanchez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Pascual Bravo University Institution (IUPB), Medellín 050036, Colombia; (J.C.S.); (J.A.J.C.)
| | | | - Giovanni Barrera Torres
- Industrial Design Engineering Department, Arts and Humanities Faculty, Metropolitan Institute of Technology (ITM), Medellín 050036, Colombia;
| | - Leonardo Lataro Paim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Leandro Ferreira Pinto
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme Pina Cardim
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Flávio Camargo Cabrera
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Renivaldo José dos Santos
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
| | - Michael Jones Silva
- School of Engineering and Science (FEC–UNESP), São Paulo State University, Rosana 19274-000, SP, Brazil; (N.L.C.); (C.T.H.); (H.P.C.); (L.L.P.); (L.F.P.); (G.P.C.); (R.J.d.S.)
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Trandabat AF, Ciobanu RC, Schreiner OD, Schreiner TG, Aradoaei S. Chemiresistors Based on Hybrid Nanostructures Obtained from Graphene and Conducting Polymers with Potential Use in Breath Methane Detection Associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5552. [PMID: 38791590 PMCID: PMC11121982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the process of producing chemiresistors based on hybrid nanostructures obtained from graphene and conducting polymers. The technology of graphene presumed the following: dispersion and support stabilization based on the chemical vapor deposition technique; transfer of the graphene to the substrate by spin-coating of polymethyl methacrylate; and thermal treatment and electrochemical delamination. For the process at T = 950 °C, a better settlement of the grains was noticed, with the formation of layers predominantly characterized by peaks and not by depressions. The technology for obtaining hybrid nanostructures from graphene and conducting polymers was drop-casting, with solutions of Poly(3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-bithiophene] (F8T2). In the case of F8T2, compared to P3HT, a 10 times larger dimension of grain size and about 7 times larger distances between the peak clusters were noticed. To generate chemiresistors from graphene-polymer structures, an ink-jet printer was used, and the metallization was made with commercial copper ink for printed electronics, leading to a structure of a resistor with an active surface of about 1 cm2. Experimental calibration curves were plotted for both sensing structures, for a domain of CH4 of up to 1000 ppm concentration in air. A linearity of the curve for the low concentration of CH4 was noticed for the graphene structure with F8T2, presenting a sensitivity of about 6 times higher compared with the graphene structure with P3HT, which makes the sensing structure of graphene with F8T2 more feasible and reliable for the medical application of irritable bowel syndrome evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru F. Trandabat
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.T.); (O.D.S.); (T.G.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Romeo C. Ciobanu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.T.); (O.D.S.); (T.G.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Oliver Daniel Schreiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.T.); (O.D.S.); (T.G.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.T.); (O.D.S.); (T.G.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medical Specialties III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sebastian Aradoaei
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.T.); (O.D.S.); (T.G.S.); (S.A.)
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Chen Z, Zhou X, Mo M, Hu X, Liu J, Chen L. Systematic review of the osteogenic effect of rare earth nanomaterials and the underlying mechanisms. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:185. [PMID: 38627717 PMCID: PMC11020458 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on osteogenesis, such as promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, have been investigated. However, the contributions of the properties of RE NMs to bone regeneration and their interactions with various cell types during osteogenesis have not been reviewed. Here, we review the crucial roles of the physicochemical and biological properties of RE NMs and focus on their osteogenic mechanisms. RE NMs directly promote the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They also increase collagen secretion and mineralization to accelerate osteogenesis. Furthermore, RE NMs inhibit osteoclast formation and regulate the immune environment by modulating macrophages and promote angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia in endothelial cells. These effects create a microenvironment that is conducive to bone formation. This review will help researchers overcome current limitations to take full advantage of the osteogenic benefits of RE NMs and will suggest a potential approach for further osteogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Mo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liangjiao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kumar R, Lalnundiki V, Shelare SD, Abhishek GJ, Sharma S, Sharma D, Kumar A, Abbas M. An investigation of the environmental implications of bioplastics: Recent advancements on the development of environmentally friendly bioplastics solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117707. [PMID: 38008206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The production and utilization of plastics may prove beneficial, but the environmental impact suggests the opposite. The single-use plastics (SUP) and conventional plastics are harmful to the environment and need prompt disposal. Bioplastics are increasingly being considered as a viable alternative to conventional plastics due to their potential to alleviate environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. However, the previous reviews revealed a lack of consistency in the methodologies used in the Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), making it difficult to compare the results across studies. The current study provides a systematic review of LCAs that assess the environmental impact of bioplastics. The different mechanical characteristics of bio plastics, like tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural modulus, and elongation at break are reviewed which suggest that bio plastics are comparatively much better than synthetic plastics. Bioplastics have more efficient mechanical properties compared to synthetic plastics which signifies that bioplastics are more sustainable and reliable than synthetic plastics. The key challenges in bioplastic adoption and production include competition with food production for feedstock, high production costs, uncertainty in end-of-life management, limited biodegradability, lack of standardization, and technical performance limitations. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among stakeholders to drive innovation, reduce costs, improve end-of-life management, and promote awareness and education. Overall, the study suggests that while bioplastics have the potential to reduce environmental impact, further research is needed to better understand their life cycle and optimize their end-of-life (EoL) management and production to maximize their environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - V Lalnundiki
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sagar D Shelare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, M.S, 440019, India.
| | - Galla John Abhishek
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 266520, Qingdao, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
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Ramezani G, Stiharu I, van de Ven TGM, Nerguizian V. Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose-Physical Properties. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:82. [PMID: 38258201 PMCID: PMC10819598 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in integrating two-dimensional (2D) materials with cellulose to enhance biosensing technology. The incorporation of 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, along with nanocellulose, improves the sensitivity, stability, and flexibility of biosensors. Practical applications of these advanced biosensors are explored in fields like medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This innovative approach is driving research opportunities and expanding the possibilities for diverse applications in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| | - Vahe Nerguizian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
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Wang S, Chen S, Sun J, Liu Z, He D, Xu S. Effects of Rare Earth Oxides on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Phenolic-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:131. [PMID: 38201796 PMCID: PMC10780444 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of rare earth oxides and nano-silica has been found to significantly enhance the mechanical and tribological characteristics of phenolic-based hybrid nanocomposites. In this work, the impact of these additives was investigated through single-factor experiments. The study revealed that cerium oxide and yttrium oxide were the primary factors influencing changes in the impact strength, shear strength, coefficient of friction, and wear rate. Additionally, the content of nano-silica exerted the most substantial influence on the hardness and compressive strength of the specimens. Furthermore, the material ratios of the phenolic-based hybrid nanocomposites were optimized using an orthogonal experimental design and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The optimal material ratio for these nanocomposites was determined to be 2% cerium oxide, 2.5% yttrium oxide, and 3% nano-silica, based on their mechanical, frictional, and wear properties. This research provides valuable insights for the development of new brake friction materials with low friction and high wear resistance and contributes to meeting the demand for polymer composites with superior mechanical performance in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglian Wang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Automotive Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zimo Liu
- School of Resources and Architectural Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Dingxiang He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- School of Resources and Architectural Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Bernagozzi G, Arrigo R, Frache A. Evolution of the Microstructure of PP-LDHs Nanocomposites during Melt Compounding: A Simulation Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:70. [PMID: 38201735 PMCID: PMC10780429 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of polymer-based nanocomposites containing layered nanofillers, the achievement of good extents of dispersion and distribution of the embedded nanoparticles and, even more, the obtainment of intercalated and/or exfoliated structures through melt compounding still represents a persistent challenge, especially in the case of anionic layered double hydroxides (LDHs)-containing systems and non-polar polymeric matrices. In this work, a simulation approach is proposed to evaluate the influence of the processing conditions on the morphology of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites containing organomodified LDHs. In particular, the effect of the screw rotation speed and the feed rate on the final microstructure of the materials formulated through melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder was assessed. The rheological and morphological characterizations demonstrated that a more homogeneous morphology was achieved when high levels of both exploited processing parameters are selected. The results coming from the simulation of the processing were used to establish some relationships between the flow parameters and the microstructure of the nanocomposites, demonstrating that low residence times coupled with high local shear rates are required to ensure the achievement of homogenous morphologies, likely involving the occurrence of intercalation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bernagozzi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.)
- INSTM Local Unit, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberto Frache
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.)
- INSTM Local Unit, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Varganici CD, Rosu L, Rosu D, Rosca I, Ignat ME, Ignat L. Surface Degradation of DGEBA Epoxy Resins Cured with Structurally Different Amine Hardeners: Effects of UV Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 38201733 PMCID: PMC10780492 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of three diamine curing agents (aromatic, cycloaliphatic, aliphatic) on the photochemical behavior of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether networks were comparatively examined. In order to monitor structural changes and study the curing agents' action mode, the cured epoxy resins were characterized before and after photoirradiation by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, mass loss, and color modification measurements. Water absorption tests were also conducted. The cured epoxy resins are to be used in different multicomponent polymer materials for outdoor protection. The presence of the cycloaliphatic hardener led to reduced water absorption, and after UV irradiation, an increase in the glass transition temperature and lowest mass loss of the corresponding cured epoxy resin compared to the ones cured with aromatic and aliphatic hardener.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Rosu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-D.V.); (I.R.); (M.-E.I.); (L.I.)
| | - Dan Rosu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (C.-D.V.); (I.R.); (M.-E.I.); (L.I.)
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Kawamura R, Michinobu T. PEDOT:PSS versus Polyaniline: A Comparative Study of Conducting Polymers for Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 38139909 PMCID: PMC10747145 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on conducting polymers have attracted significant attention in the field of biosensors. PEDOT:PSS and polyaniline (PANI) are representative conducting polymers used for OECTs. While there are many studies on PEDOT:PSS, there are not so many reports on PANI-based OECTs, and a detailed study to compare these two polymers has been desired. In this study, we investigated the fabrication conditions to produce the best performance in the OECTs using the above-mentioned two types of conducting polymers. The two main parameters were film thickness and film surface roughness. For PEDOT:PSS, the optimal conditions for fabricating thin films were a spin-coating rate of 3000 rpm and a DI water immersion time of 18 h. For PANI, the optimal conditions were a spin-coating rate of 3000 rpm and DI water immersion time of 5 s, and adding dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) was found to provide better OECT performances. The OECT performances based on PEDOT:PSS were superior to those based on PANI in terms of conductivity and transconductance, but PANI showed excellence in terms of film thickness and surface smoothness, leading to the good reproducibility of OECT performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan;
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Benjamin I, Louis H, Ogungbemiro FO, Agurokpon DC, Ekpong BO, Gber TE, Pembere AMS. Single-atoms (N, P, S) encapsulation of Ni-doped graphene/PEDOT hybrid materials as sensors for H 2S gas applications: intuition from computational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18856. [PMID: 37914823 PMCID: PMC10620405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study was dedicated to augmenting the sensing capabilities of Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S through the strategic functionalization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur heteroatoms. Governed by density functional theory (DFT) computations at the gd3bj-B3LYP/def2svp level of theory, the investigation meticulously assessed the performance efficacy of electronically tailored nanocomposites in detecting H2S gas-a corrosive byproduct generated by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), bearing latent threats to infrastructure integrity especially in the oil and gas industry. Impressively, the analysed systems, comprising Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, N_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, P_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, and S_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, unveiled both structural and electronic properties of noteworthy distinction, thereby substantiating their heightened reactivity. Results of adsorption studies revealed distinct adsorption energies (- 13.0887, - 10.1771, - 16.8166, and - 14.0955 eV) associated respectively with N_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, P_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, S_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S, and Ni@GP_PEDOT systems. These disparities vividly underscored the diverse strengths of the adsorbed H2S on the surfaces, significantly accentuating the robustness of S_Ni@GP_PEDOT@H2S as a premier adsorbent, fuelled by the notably strong sulfur-surface interactions. Fascinatingly, the sensor descriptor findings unveiled multifaceted facets pivotal for H2S detection. Ultimately, molecular dynamic simulations corroborated the cumulative findings, collectively underscoring the pivotal significance of this study in propelling the domain of H2S gas detection and sensor device innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Festus O Ogungbemiro
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nassarawa State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel C Agurokpon
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bassey O Ekpong
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Anthony M S Pembere
- Department of Chemistry, Jaramogi Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
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12
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Mashkoor F, Shoeb M, Jeong C. Alginate Modified Magnetic Polypyrrole Nanocomposite for the Adsorptive Removal of Heavy Metal. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4285. [PMID: 37959965 PMCID: PMC10650565 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals with high acute toxicity in wastewater poses a substantial risk to both the environment and human health. To address this issue, we developed a nanocomposite of alginate-encapsulated polypyrrole (PPy) decorated with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Alg@Mag/PPy NCs), fabricated for the removal of mercury(II) from synthetic wastewater. In the adsorption experiments, various parameters were examined to identify the ideal conditions. These parameters included temperature (ranging from 298 to 323 K), initial pH levels (ranging from two to nine), interaction time, amount of adsorbent (from 8 to 80 mg/40 mL), and initial concentrations (from 10 to 200 mg/L). The results of these studies demonstrated that the removal efficiency of mercury(II) was obtained to be 95.58% at the optimum pH of 7 and a temperature of 303 K. The analysis of adsorption kinetics demonstrated that the removal of mercury(II) adhered closely to the pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, it displayed a three-stage intraparticle diffusion model throughout the entire adsorption process. The Langmuir model most accurately represented equilibrium data. The Alg@Mag/PPy NCs exhibited an estimated maximum adsorption capacity of 213.72 mg/g at 303 K, surpassing the capacities of most of the other polymer-based adsorbents previously reported. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the removal of mercury(II) from the Alg@Mag/PPy NCs was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. In summary, this study suggests that Alg@Mag/PPy NCs could serve as a promising choice for confiscating toxic heavy metal ions from wastewater through adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Changyoon Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (F.M.); (M.S.)
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13
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Araújo ES, Pereira MFG, da Silva GMG, Tavares GF, Oliveira CYB, Faia PM. A Review on the Use of Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites for the Remediation of Organics-Contaminated Water via Photocatalysis: Fundamentals, Bibliometric Study and Recent Advances. TOXICS 2023; 11:658. [PMID: 37624163 PMCID: PMC10458580 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The improper disposal of toxic and carcinogenic organic substances resulting from the manufacture of dyes, drugs and pesticides can contaminate aquatic environments and potable water resources and cause serious damage to animal and human health and to the ecosystem. In this sense, heterogeneous photocatalysis stand out as one effective and cost-effective water depollution technique. The use of metal oxide nanocomposites (MON), from the mixture of two or more oxides or between these oxides and other functional semiconductor materials, have gained increasing attention from researchers and industrial developers as a potential alternative to produce efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalysts for the remediation of water contamination by organic compounds. Thus, this work presents an updated review of the main advances in the use of metal oxide nanocomposites-based photocatalysts for decontamination of water polluted by these substances. A bibliometric analysis allowed to show the evolution of the importance of this research topic in the literature over the last decade. The results of the study also showed that hierarchical and heterogeneous nanostructures of metal oxides, as well as conducting polymers and carbon materials, currently stand out as the main materials for the synthesis of MON, with better photocatalysis performance in the degradation of dyes, pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evando S. Araújo
- Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil;
| | - Michel F. G. Pereira
- Research Group on Electrospinning and Nanotechnology Applications, Department of Materials Science, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Juazeiro 48902-300, Brazil;
| | - Georgenes M. G. da Silva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina 56314-520, Brazil;
| | - Ginetton F. Tavares
- Research and Extension Center, Laboratory of Fuels and Materials (NPE/LACOM), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Y. B. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Phycology, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-535, Brazil;
| | - Pedro M. Faia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Polo 2, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal;
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14
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Bekhoukh A, Kiari M, Moulefera I, Sabantina L, Benyoucef A. New Hybrid Adsorbents Based on Polyaniline and Polypyrrole with Silicon Dioxide: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies for the Removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenol. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092032. [PMID: 37177179 PMCID: PMC10181055 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, polyaniline and polypyrrole with silicon dioxide (PAni:PPy@SiO2) were combined to formulate a new adsorbent, which was examined using XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA, and BET, and the adsorption kinetics were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. The optical band gap was also evaluated. The electrochemical behavior was investigated using cyclic voltammograms. Moreover, experimental conditions were used to evaluate the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) adsorption based on the pH, temperature, reaction time, and initial concentration. The analytical isotherm data were determined by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips, and Redlich-Peterson models. For the analysis of the kinetic data, the pseudo-first- and -second-order models and the intraparticle diffusion model were investigated. It was found that this new adsorbent possessed the highest adsorption efficiency after several regeneration cycles. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption, such as entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH), and standard Gibbs were measured. These results suggest that the PAni:PPy backbone can generally be better applied for the elimination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by appropriately dispersing it over the surface of suitable SiO2. This search provides a novel way to develop separable, high-performance adsorbents for adsorbing organic contamination from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bekhoukh
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mustapha Stambouli Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Kiari
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Materials Institute, University of Alicante (UA), 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Imane Moulefera
- Chemical Engineering Departement, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 300071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lilia Sabantina
- Berlin School of Culture + Design, Berlin University of Applied Sciences-HTW Berlin, 12459 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Paramshetti S, Angolkar M, Al Fatease A, Alshahrani SM, Hani U, Garg A, Ravi G, Osmani RAM. Revolutionizing Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: The Biomedical Applications of Conductive Polymers and Composites-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041204. [PMID: 37111689 PMCID: PMC10145001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first conductive polymers (CPs) were developed during the 1970s as a unique class of organic substances with properties that are electrically and optically comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and metals while also exhibiting the desirable traits of conventional polymers. CPs have become a subject of intensive research due to their exceptional qualities, such as high mechanical and optical properties, tunable electrical characteristics, ease of synthesis and fabrication, and higher environmental stability than traditional inorganic materials. Although conducting polymers have several limitations in their pure state, coupling with other materials helps overcome these drawbacks. Owing to the fact that various types of tissues are responsive to stimuli and electrical fields has made these smart biomaterials attractive for a range of medical and biological applications. For various applications, including the delivery of drugs, biosensors, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering, electrical CPs and composites have attracted significant interest in both research and industry. These bimodalities can be programmed to respond to both internal and external stimuli. Additionally, these smart biomaterials have the ability to deliver drugs in various concentrations and at an extensive range. This review briefly discusses the commonly used CPs, composites, and their synthesis processes. Further highlights the importance of these materials in drug delivery along with their applicability in various delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankitha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gundawar Ravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
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16
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Kausar A. Epitome of Fullerene in Conducting Polymeric Nanocomposite—Fundamentals and Beyond. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- Nanosciences Division, National Center for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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17
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Zhang X, Tan X, Wang P, Qin J. Application of Polypyrrole-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:674. [PMID: 36839042 PMCID: PMC9967576 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is easy to treat surgically and can be combined with postoperative chemotherapy, its five-year survival rate is still not optimistic. Therefore, developing sensitive, efficient, and compliant detection technology is essential to diagnose CRC at an early stage, providing more opportunities for effective treatment and intervention. Currently, the widely used clinical CRC detection methods include endoscopy, stool examination, imaging modalities, and tumor biomarker detection; among them, blood biomarkers, a noninvasive strategy for CRC screening, have shown significant potential for early diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, and staging of cancer. As shown by recent studies, electrochemical biosensors have attracted extensive attention for the detection of blood biomarkers because of their advantages of being cost-effective and having sound sensitivity, good versatility, high selectivity, and a fast response. Among these, nano-conductive polymer materials, especially the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy), have been broadly applied to improve sensing performance due to their excellent electrical properties and the flexibility of their surface properties, as well as their easy preparation and functionalization and good biocompatibility. This review mainly discusses the characteristics of PPy-based biosensors, their synthetic methods, and their application for the detection of CRC biomarkers. Finally, the opportunities and challenges related to the use of PPy-based sensors for diagnosing CRC are also discussed.
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18
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Theansun W, Sriprachuabwong C, Chuenchom L, Prajongtat P, Techasakul S, Tuantranont A, Dechtrirat D. Acetylcholinesterase modified inkjet-printed graphene/gold nanoparticle/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) hybrid electrode for ultrasensitive chlorpyrifos detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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19
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Controllable Preparation of Eucommia Wood-Derived Mesoporous Activated Carbon as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030663. [PMID: 36771963 PMCID: PMC9920536 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated carbons (ACs) for supercapacitors were synthesized from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) wood by H3PO4 with systemic activation processes. The target structure of ACs could be prepared by adjusting the technological parameters. As the H3PO4 concentration was 25%, the mass ratio of feedstocks to activator was 1:4, the activation time was 6 h, and the activation temperature was 400 °C, the obtained AC revealed a high specific surface area (2033.87 m2·g-1) and well-developed mesoporous (the rate of mesoporous was 96.4%) with the best economic feasibility. Besides, it possessed excellent electrochemical performance: the maximum specific capacitance reached up to 252 F·g-1, the charging and discharging period was 3098.2 s at 0.2 A·g-1, and the retention rate of specific capacitance reached 92.3% after 10,000 cycles. This low temperature and convenience technology provide a valuable reference for synthesizing the EUO-based ACs, making high-value utilization on the EUO branches, and owning a broad application prospect in supercapacitors.
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20
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Simulation of electrical conductivity for polymer silver nanowires systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 36593261 PMCID: PMC9807585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple model is developed for the conductivity of polymeric systems including silver nanowires (AgNWs). This model reveals the effects of interphase thickness, tunneling distance, waviness and aspect ratio of nanowires, as well as effective filler volume fraction on the percolation and electrical conductivity of AgNW-reinforced samples. The validity of this model is tested by using the measured data from several samples. Based on this model, the conductivity calculations are in proper accordance with the measured values. A large network and a low percolation onset are produced by nanowires with a high aspect ratio developing the nanocomposite conductivity. The results also show that a thicker interphase expands the network, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity. Furthermore, non-waved AgNWs exhibit more conductivity compared to wavy nanowires. It is concluded that the surface energies of polymer medium and nanowires have no effect on the conductivity of samples. On the other hand, the volume fraction and aspect ratio of nanowires, in addition to the interphase thickness and tunneling distance have the greatest influences on the conductivity of nanocomposites.
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21
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Design synthesis and excellent anti-corrosion property of GO/Mn-Zn2SiO4 composite materials. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Rahman I, Singh P, Dev N, Arif M, Yusufi FNK, Azam A, Alam MM, Singh S, Chohan JS, Kumar R, Sharma L, Tag-Eldin E, Sharma S, Asyraf MRM. Improvements in the Engineering Properties of Cementitious Composites Using Nano-Sized Cement and Nano-Sized Additives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15228066. [PMID: 36431551 PMCID: PMC9696350 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement-fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement-fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement-fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibadur Rahman
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Nirendra Dev
- Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad, Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Mohammed Arif
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Faiz Noor Khan Yusufi
- Department of Statistics & Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M. Masroor Alam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Lovneesh Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Elsayed Tag-Eldin
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.T.-E.); or (S.S.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Correspondence: (E.T.-E.); or (S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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23
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Electrosynthesis of poly (4-amino-3-nitrostyrene) film and its characterization. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Head-to-Tail and Head-to-Head Molecular Chains of Poly(p-Anisidine): Combined Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196326. [PMID: 36234863 PMCID: PMC9571860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(p-anisidine) (PPA) is a polyaniline derivative presenting a methoxy (–OCH3) group at the para position of the phenyl ring. Considering the important role of conjugated polymers in novel technological applications, a systematic, combined experimental and theoretical investigation was performed to obtain more insight into the crystallization process of PPA. Conventional oxidative polymerization of p-anisidine monomer was based on a central composite rotational design (CCRD). The effects of the concentration of the monomer, ammonium persulfate (APS), and HCl on the percentage of crystallinity were considered. Several experimental techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), multifractal analysis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR), Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and complex impedance spectroscopy analysis, in addition to Density Functional Theory (DFT), were employed to perform a systematic investigation of PPA. The experimental treatments resulted in different crystal structures with a percentage of crystallinity ranging from (29.2 ± 0.6)% (PPA1HT) to (55.1 ± 0.2)% (PPA16HT-HH). A broad halo in the PPA16HT-HH pattern from 2θ = 10.0–30.0° suggested a reduced crystallinity. Needle and globular-particle morphologies were observed in both samples; the needle morphology might have been related to the crystalline contribution. A multifractal analysis showed that the PPA surface became more complex when the crystallinity was reduced. The proposed molecular structures of PPA were supported by the high-resolution 13C NMR results, allowing us to access the percentage of head-to-tail (HT) and head-to-head (HH) molecular structures. When comparing the calculated and experimental FTIR spectra, the most pronounced changes were observed in ν(C–H), ν(N–H), ν(C–O), and ν(C–N–C) due to the influence of counterions on the polymer backbone as well as the different mechanisms of polymerization. Finally, a significant difference in the electrical conductivity was observed in the range of 1.00 × 10−9 S.cm−1 and 3.90 × 10−14 S.cm−1, respectively, for PPA1HT and PPA16HT-HH.
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25
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Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM, Bayraktar E. Bio and Synthetic Based Polymer Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183778. [PMID: 36145924 PMCID: PMC9503542 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Emin Bayraktar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, ISAE-SUPMECA Institute of Mechanics of Paris, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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Kumar M, Anand A, Chatterjee R, Sharma S, Maiti TK, Dwivedi SP, Saxena A, Li C, Eldin EMT. Investigation on Carbonation and Permeability of Concrete with Rice Hush Ash and Shop Solution Addition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15176149. [PMID: 36079530 PMCID: PMC9457775 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the coefficient of permeability as well as the rate of carbonation of concrete constructed with rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement for cement (i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15%) and two different concentrations of soap solutions (i.e., 1 percent and 2 percent). The microstructural studies of RHA, and carbonated samples have been conducted by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to this study, the carbonation depth of concrete made with 1% and 2% soap solution concentration and without rice husk ash decreased by 11.89% and 46.55%, respectively. From the results, it may also be observed that the carbonation depth of concrete made with up to 10% replacement of cement by rice husk ash led to maximum carbonation resistance, while more than 10% replacement of cement showed higher carbonation depth. It is also observed that the coefficient of permeability of concrete with 2% soap solution significantly decreased as compared to the 1% soap solution and control mix. It may be observed from the SEM images that 0% soap solution (M1) concrete has a very rough concrete surface which may indicate more voids. However, 2% soap solution concrete has a much smoother surface, which indicates a smaller number of voids. Furthermore, the SEM images showed that the soap solution helps in filling the voids of concrete which ultimately helps in reduction in permeability. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) of concrete with 0% (M1) and 2% (M6) soap solution disclosed that the concrete with 2% soap solution (M6) exhibited more silica element formation than the concrete with no soap solution (M1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Ashutosh Anand
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Rajeshwari Chatterjee
- Department of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus-Kapurthala, Kapurthala 144603, India
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | | | - Ambuj Saxena
- G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Changhe Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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27
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Parajuli D, Murali N, K. C. D, Karki B, Samatha K, Kim AA, Park M, Pant B. Advancements in MXene-Polymer Nanocomposites in Energy Storage and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163433. [PMID: 36015690 PMCID: PMC9415062 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
MXenes are 2D ceramic materials, especially carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides derived from their parent ‘MAX’ phases by the etching out of ‘A’ and are famous due to their conducting, hydrophilic, biocompatible, and tunable properties. However, they are hardly stable in the outer environment, have low biodegradability, and have difficulty in drug release, etc., which are overcome by MXene/Polymer nanocomposites. The MXenes terminations on MXene transferred to the polymer after composite formation makes it more functional. With this, there is an increment in photothermal conversion efficiency for cancer therapy, higher antibacterial activity, biosensors, selectivity, bone regeneration, etc. The hydrophilic surfaces become conducting in the metallic range after the composite formation. MXenes can effectively be mixed with other materials like ceramics, metals, and polymers in the form of nanocomposites to get improved properties suitable for advanced applications. In this paper, we review different properties like electrical and mechanical, including capacitances, dielectric losses, etc., of nanocomposites more than those like Ti3C2Tx/polymer, Ti3C2/UHMWPE, MXene/PVA-KOH, Ti3C2Tx/PVA, etc. along with their applications mainly in energy storing and biomedical fields. Further, we have tried to enlist the MXene-based nanocomposites and compare them with conducting polymers and other nanocomposites. The performance under the NIR absorption seems more effective. The MXene-based nanocomposites are more significant in most cases than other nanocomposites for the antimicrobial agent, anticancer activity, drug delivery, bio-imaging, biosensors, micro-supercapacitors, etc. The limitations of the nanocomposites, along with possible solutions, are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Parajuli
- Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
- Department of Physics, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu 44605, Nepal
| | - N. Murali
- Department of Engineering Physics, AUCE, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | | | - Bhishma Karki
- Department of Physics, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu 44605, Nepal
| | - K. Samatha
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Allison A Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Korea
- Smart Convergence Life Care Research Institute, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Bishweshwar Pant
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Korea
- Smart Convergence Life Care Research Institute, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (M.P.)
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28
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Guo H, Li Y, Liu T, Wu Z. Damage Location Monitoring of Graphene/Conducting Polymer Composites Film Based on Self-Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2823. [PMID: 36014690 PMCID: PMC9412304 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conductive graphene polymer composites are considered promising functional materials in gas detection, strain detection, metal corrosion prevention, and electromagnetic wave absorption, owing to their good flexibility, lightweight, and adjustable conductivity. The internal defects or external damages of composite films will seriously affect the electrical and functional properties of the materials. Based on the conductive network inside the conductive polymer film and the self-inductance to ultrasonic wave, the defect self-monitoring system of the conductive polymer film is designed and optimized in this work. The self-damage detection system is composed of an electrode array, excitation source, resistance signal acquisition and processing circuit, and damage display. Aiming at different scenarios, the improved interdigital structure transducer for sensors and damage detection device for coating film with a large area are presented and optimized respectively. Meanwhile, the damage location algorithm based on time difference measurement and kernel density estimation algorithm is also optimized. The multiple damage detection is realized by a device with a 4 × 8 electrode array, and the relative error of damage area with 1 mm × 1 mm is less than 5%, and the lower detection limits of damage size are 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Guo
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Robot Technology Used for Special Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zuquan Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdu 611743, China
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29
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Hudaib B, Abu-Zurayk R, Waleed H, Ibrahim AA. Fabrication of a Novel (PVDF/MWCNT/Polypyrrole) Antifouling High Flux Ultrafiltration Membrane for Crude Oil Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080751. [PMID: 36005666 PMCID: PMC9412350 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the fabrication of novel poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)/Polypyrrole (PPy) ultrafiltration membrane by phase inversion technique for the removal of crude oil from refinery wastewater. In situ polymerization of pyrrole with different concentrations of MWCNT ranging from 0.025 wt.% to 0.3 wt.% in PVDF prepared solutions. Measurement of permeability, porosity, contact angle, tensile strength, zeta potential, rejection studies and morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The results showed that membrane with (0.05% MWCNT) concentration had the highest permeability flux (850 LMH/bar), about 17 folds improvement of permeability compared to pristine PVDF membrane. Moreover, membrane rejection of crude oil reached about 99.9%. The excellent performance of this nanocomposite membrane suggests that novel PVDF modification with polypyrrole had a considerable effect on permeability with high potential for use in the treatment of oily wastewater in the refinery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banan Hudaib
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-781468037
| | - Rund Abu-Zurayk
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.-Z.); (A.A.I.)
- Nanotechnology Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Haneen Waleed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Abed Alqader Ibrahim
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.-Z.); (A.A.I.)
- Nanotechnology Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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30
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Singh B, Kumar R, Chohan J, Sharma S, Singh J, Ilyas RA, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S, Naresh K, Raghu S, James R. Investigation of copper reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Nylon 6 based thermoplastic polymer nanocomposite filaments for 3D printing of electronic components. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most efficient and frequently used methods for the development of biomedical implants, bio-sensors, and customized products. In the FDM process, the filament made of polymers or composites is passed through a nozzle in which heaters are provided to melt the feedstock filament. The addition of copper particles to the polymer filament would enhance its thermal and electrical conductivity which finds vast applications in the development of sensors and other electronic components. Thus, it is obligatory to maintain the melt flow index of the filament following the size of the nozzle and the speed of the filament through the nozzle. The virgin polymer materials used as feedstock filament have an appropriate melt flow index (MFI), but the rheological properties of the polymer composites are not defined. This study focuses on the calculation and measurement of the melt flow rate of copper reinforced with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and nylon 6 thermoplastic matrices using fused deposition modeling. The copper particles of different sizes (149 μm, 74 μm, and 37 μm) were added in ABS and nylon 6 thermoplastic matrices to study the mechanical properties. The melt flow rate has been checked for different concentration ratios varying from 1% to 10% of copper reinforcements. The impact of single, double, and triple-sized copper particles on MFI has been investigated. It has been found that with an increase in copper powder concentration in nylon 6, the melt flow index decreases. On the other hand, the MFI initially increases up to 6% and further decreases by adding more particulates of copper powder in ABS. The surface topography of copper reinforced with different percent-compositions of ABS and nylon 6 based polymer composites have been carried out by using scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwant Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Jasgurpreet Chohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Jujhar Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay M Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kakur Naresh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sowmya Raghu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robin James
- GM R&D - Manufacturing Systems Research, General Motors Global Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA
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31
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Dong J, Wang Z, Yang F, Wang H, Cui X, Li Z. Update of ultrasound-assembling fabrication and biomedical applications for heterogeneous polymer composites. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102683. [PMID: 35523099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As a power-driving approach, ultrasound irradiation is very appealing to the preparation or modification of new materials. In the review, we overviewed the latest development of ultrasound-mediated effects or reactions in polymer composites, and demonstrated its unique and powerful aspects on the polymerization or aggregation. The review generalized the different categories of heterogeneous polymer composites by defining the constituents, and described the shapes, sizes and basic properties of various purpose-specific or site-specific products. Importantly, the review paid more attention to the main biomedicine applications of heterogeneous polymer composites, such as drug or bioactive substance entrapment, delivery, release, imaging, and therapy, and emphasized many advantages of ultrasound-assembling approaches and heterogeneous polymer composites in biology and medicine fields. In addition, the review also indicated the prospective challenges of heterogeneous polymer composites both in ultrasound-assembling designs and in biomedical applications.
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32
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Jamil YMS, Awad MAH, Al‐Maydama HMA, EL‐Ghoul Y, Al‐Hakimi AN. Synthesis and study of enhanced electrochemical properties of NiO Nanoparticles Deposited on TiO
2
nanotubes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yassine EL‐Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Qassim University Buraidah Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia
| | - Ahmed N. Al‐Hakimi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Qassim University Buraidah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ibb University Ibb Yemen
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33
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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124312. [PMID: 35744371 PMCID: PMC9228835 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized as a potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics for applications in both the engineering and medical sectors. Hence, the present article throws lights on the essential physical and mechanical properties of PLA that can be beneficial for the development of composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, and so on. The article discusses various processes that can be utilized in the fabrication of PLA-based composites. In a later section, we have a detailed discourse on the various composites and nanocomposites-based PLA along with the properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation on the effects of various fibers, fillers, and nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of PLA. Lastly, the various applications in which PLA is used extensively are discussed in detail.
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34
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Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Residual Behavior of Concrete Containing Marble Dust and Foundry Sand. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103632. [PMID: 35629658 PMCID: PMC9145382 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Concrete is a composite material that is commonly used in the construction industry. It will certainly be exposed to fires of varying intensities when used in buildings and industries. The major goal of this article was to look into the influence of mineral additions such as foundry sand and marble dust on the residual characteristics of concrete. To examine the behavior of residual characteristics of concrete after fire exposure, marble dust was substituted for cement and fine sand was substituted for foundry sand in varying amounts ranging from 0% to 20%. It aided in the better disposal of waste material so that it might be used as an addition. The purpose of the experiment was to see how increased temperatures affected residual properties of concrete, including flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, static as well as dynamic elastic modulus, water absorption, mass loss, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. At temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C, the typical fire exposure behavior of concrete was investigated. The effects of two cooling techniques, annealing and quenching, on the residual properties of concrete after exposure to high temperatures were investigated in this study. Replacement of up to 10% of the cement with marble dust and fine sand with foundry sand when concrete is exposed to temperatures up to 400 °C does not influence the behavior of concrete. At temperatures above 400 °C, however, the breakdown of concrete, which includes marble dust and foundry sand, causes a rapid deterioration in the residual properties of concrete, primarily for replacement of more than 10%.
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35
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Yoon Y, Truong PL, Lee D, Ko SH. Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials Synthesis and Applications in Flexible and Wearable Sensors. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:64-92. [PMID: 37101661 PMCID: PMC10114907 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxide nanomaterials (MONs) have gained considerable interest in the construction of flexible/wearable sensors due to their tunable band gap, low cost, large specific area, and ease of manufacturing. Furthermore, MONs are in high demand for applications, such as gas leakage alarms, environmental protection, health tracking, and smart devices integrated with another system. In this Review, we introduce a comprehensive investigation of factors to boost the sensitivity of MON-based sensors in environmental indicators and health monitoring. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of MON-based flexible/wearable sensors are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeosang Yoon
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Phuoc Loc Truong
- Laser
and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Daeho Lee
- Laser
and Thermal Engineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research, Seoul National
University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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36
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Singh S, Khairandish MI, Razahi MM, Kumar R, Chohan JS, Tiwary A, Sharma S, Li C, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Zakaria SZS. Preference Index of Sustainable Natural Fibers in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixture Using Waste Marble. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082729. [PMID: 35454422 PMCID: PMC9027365 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the preference index of natural fibers such as sisal, coir, and rice straw fibers in stone matrix asphalt mixtures (SMA), using waste marble as filler. Waste marble was used as the filler in asphalt mixtures and was crushed by abrasion machine and sieved according to SMA filler requirements. The SEM topography and EDS analysis of sisal, coir, and rice straw fibers were also carried out. The Marshall test was conducted, which is the most acceptable, cost-effective, and widely adopted method to estimate the optimum bitumen and to examine several Marshall Measures, such as flow value, voids filled with bitumen (VFB), stability, voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and air voids (VA). Furthermore, tests were performed on the specimen with the optimum amount of bitumen, different percentages of fibers, and waste marble as filler to calculate drain down, moister sensitivity, and Marshall Stability. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were implemented to obtain subjective and objective weights, which were further used to compute the values of the preference index of natural fiber contents. The outcomes revealed favorable results for the usage of marble dust as filler in Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). In addition, the preference index upshots are inclined toward the usage of rice straw over coir followed by sisal fiber. It was observed that the value of the preference index in rice straw at 0.3 varied from 0.918, 0.925, and 0.931 in rice straw using equal, objective, and subjective weights, respectively. The maximum drain down value observed is 0.335 based on ASTM-D 6390 and IRC-SP-79 are against 0.3 percent natural fiber. Moreover, as per the prescribed limit of MoRTH, because of the thin film around aggregates, moisture susceptibility characteristics, i.e., better resistance to moisture, were enhanced by more than 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (S.S.); (M.I.K.); (M.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Khairandish
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (S.S.); (M.I.K.); (M.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Mustafa Musleh Razahi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (S.S.); (M.I.K.); (M.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Raman Kumar
- University Centre of Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (R.K.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- University Centre of Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (R.K.); (J.S.C.)
| | - Aditya Tiwary
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (S.S.); (M.I.K.); (M.M.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- University Centre of Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India; (R.K.); (J.S.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus, Kapurthala 144603, India
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (S.Z.S.Z.)
| | - Changhe Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - S. Z. S. Zakaria
- Research Centre for Environment, Economic and Social Sustainability (KASES), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (S.Z.S.Z.)
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Juneja S, Chohan JS, Kumar R, Sharma S, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Razman MR. Impact of Process Variables of Acetone Vapor Jet Drilling on Surface Roughness and Circularity of 3D-Printed ABS Parts: Fabrication and Studies on Thermal, Morphological, and Chemical Characterizations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071367. [PMID: 35406241 PMCID: PMC9002569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the introduction of 3D printing, industries have seen an exponential growth in production and efficiency. Three-dimensional printing is the process of additive manufacturing (AM) in which the conventional method of material removal is challenged. Layer-on-layer deposition is the basic principle of the AM. Additive manufacturing technologies are used to create 3D-printed objects. An object is built in an additive technique by laying down successive layers of material until the object is complete. Each of these layers can be viewed as a cross-section of the item that has been lightly cut. When compared to traditional production methods, 3D printing allows the creation of complicated shapes with less material. In conventional methods, the materials go through several damages due to the tool–workpiece contact creating friction between them and the dissipated heat that damages the material. Overcoming the conventional method of machining with the help of 3D printing is a new advancement in the industries. The process involves using non-conventional methods for the machining of the parts. This research was oriented towards the chemical vapor jet drilling of the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) materials. ABS materials are highly machinable and can be recycled for further usage. This paper focused on the usage of acetone as the chemical for drilling. The surface roughness and circularity of the drilled hole was taken into account for this research paper. We set up a manual experiment to run tests and get results. A vapor jet machine was designed with acetone as the core for the vapor. Various analyses were also formulated and conducted during experimentations. Surface roughness analysis provided the insight of roughness after the machining with the help of acetone vapor jet spray. SEM and micro-image parameters were also considered for more clear and advanced reports. In this research paper, DSC and FTIR analysis were performed to understand changes in the internal structure and the material properties of the ABS. Moreover, the research aimed to investigate the effect of various inputs processing parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and stand-off distance on the surface roughness and circularity of ABS workpiece material. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design was utilized to conduct tests by chemical vapor jet drilling using acetone and to evaluate the performance of the set-up while reducing the influence of interfering factors in order to provide reliable surface finish and circularity results. The results and conclusion of the research paper aimed to determine the most suitable parameters for the non-conventional acetone vapor jet drilling of the ABS material. The theoretical calculations predicted 1.64432 and 0.3289080 values of surface roughness and circularity, respectively. On the other hand, the experimental values were recorded as 1.598 for surface roughness and 0.322 for circularity. Therefore, a negligible error of 0.046 for surface roughness and 0.0031 for circularity, respectively, was noted which validate the statistical equations and the consistency of the combined vapor jet drilling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Juneja
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140301, India;
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, India; (J.S.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Raman Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, India; (J.S.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, India; (J.S.C.); (R.K.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus-Kapurthala, Kapurthala 144603, India
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (M.R.R.)
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - M. R. Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (M.R.R.)
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Chopra L, Thakur KK, Chohan JS, Sharma S, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Zakaria SZS. Comparative Drug Release Investigations for Diclofenac Sodium Drug (DS) by Chitosan-Based Grafted and Crosslinked Copolymers. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072404. [PMID: 35407737 PMCID: PMC9000032 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogels responding to pH synthesized by graft copolymerization only and then concurrent grafting and crosslinking of monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAM) and binary comonomers acrylamide, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile (AAm, AA and AN) onto chitosan support were explored for the percent upload and release study for anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium drug (DS), w.r.t. time and pH. Diclofenac sodium DS was seized in polymeric matrices by the equilibration process. The crosslinked-graft copolymers showed the highest percent uptake than graft copolymers (without crosslinker) and chitosan itself. The sustainable release of the loaded drug was studied with respect to time at pH 2.2, 7.0, 7.4 and 9.4. Among graft copolymers (without crosslinking), Chit-g-polymer (NIPAAM-co-AA) and Chit-g-polymer (NIPAAM-co-AN) exhibited worthy results for sustainable drug deliverance, whereas Crosslink-Chit-g-polymer (NIPAAM-co-AA) and Crosslink-Chit-g-polymer (NIPAAM-co-AAm) presented the best results for controlled/sustained release of diclofenac sodium DS with 93.86 % and 96.30 % percent release, respectively, in 6 h contact time. Therefore, the grafted and the crosslinked graft copolymers of the chitosan showed excellent delivery devices for the DS with sustainable/prolonged release in response to pH. Drug release kinetics was studied using Fick’s law. The kinetic study revealed that polymeric matrices showed the value of n as n > 1.0, hence drug release took place by non-Fickian diffusion. Hence, the present novel findings showed the multidirectional drug release rate. The morphological changes due to interwoven network structure of the crosslinked are evident by the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; (L.C.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Kamal Kishor Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences (UIS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; (L.C.); (K.K.T.)
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Main Campus, Kapurthala 144603, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (S.Z.S.Z.)
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - S. Z. S. Zakaria
- Research Centre for Environment, Economic and Social Sustainability (KASES), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: or (S.S.); (S.Z.S.Z.)
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Effect of Marble Dust on the Mechanical, Morphological, and Wear Performance of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071325. [PMID: 35406199 PMCID: PMC9002972 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement of natural fibre and fillers in polymer resin is the latest trend followed by research groups and industries for the development of sustainable composites. Basalt fibre and waste marble powder are naturally occurring substances used to enhanced polymer properties. The present research examined the effect of both basalt fibre and waste marble powder in epoxy resin. The hand lay-up method was employed to fabricate the composite and test for mechanical and wear behaviour. The tensile, flexural, and impact energy were enhanced up to 7.5 wt. % of WMP, and the Vickers hardness of epoxy enhanced every state of reinforcement of WMP. The specific wear rate was observed to be increased with the addition of WMP until 7.5 wt. %. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to examine the nature of fractured surface wear phenomena.
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40
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o-Toluidine in electrochemistry – an overview. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe substituted aromatic amine o-toluidine (2-methylaniline, 1-amino-2-methylbenzene) is frequently encountered in electrochemical research as a soluble corrosion inhibitor dissolved in aqueous media used e.g., in cooling systems, as a homomonomer for formation of intrinsically conducting poly-o-toluidine and as a comonomer in formation of respective copolymers and their composites. The obtained polymers are suggested as corrosion protection coatings, as active materials in devices for electrochemical energy storage, but more frequently, they are examined as active components in electrochemical sensors.The significant and pronounced carcinogenicity of o-toluidine has hardly been addressed; presumably, most researchers are not even aware of this property. After a brief summary of the health risks and effects, the following overview presents typical examples of said studies and applications. If possible, substitutes with lower health risks are proposed, at least further studies enabling such replacement are suggested.
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Dey N, Samuel GV, Raj DS, Gajalakshmi B. Nanomaterials as potential high performing electrode materials for microbial fuel cells. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rivera-Briso AL, Aparicio-Collado JL, Serra RSI, Serrano-Aroca Á. Graphene Oxide versus Carbon Nanofibers in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Films: Degradation in Simulated Intestinal Environments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:348. [PMID: 35054756 PMCID: PMC8781968 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a microbial biodegradable polymer with a broad range of promising industrial applications. The effect of incorporation of low amounts (1% w/w) of carbon nanomaterials (CBNs) such as 1D carbon nanofibers (CNFs) or 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into the PHBV polymer matrix affects its degradation properties, as it is reported here for the first time. The study was performed in simulated gut conditions using two different media: an acidic aqueous medium (pH 6) and Gifu anaerobic medium. The results of this study showed that the incorporation of low amounts of filamentous 1D hydrophobic CNFs significantly increased the degradability of the hydrophobic PHBV after 3 months in simulated intestinal conditions as confirmed by weight loss (~20.5% w/w in acidic medium) and electron microscopy. We can attribute these results to the fact that the long hydrophobic carbon nanochannels created in the PHBV matrix with the incorporation of the CNFs allowed the degradation medium to penetrate at ultrafast diffusion speed increasing the area exposed to degradation. However, the hydrogen bonds formed between the 2D hydrophilic GO nanosheets and the hydrophobic PHBV polymer chains produced a homogeneous composite structure that exhibits lower degradation (weight loss of ~4.5% w/w after three months in acidic aqueous medium). Moreover, the water molecules present in both degradation media can be linked to the hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups present on the basal planes and at the edges of the GO nanosheets, reducing their degradation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariagna L. Rivera-Briso
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José Luis Aparicio-Collado
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Roser Sabater i Serra
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
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EL-Ghoul Y, Alminderej FM, Alsubaie FM, Alrasheed R, Almousa NH. Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4327. [PMID: 34960878 PMCID: PMC8708011 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Academic research regarding polymeric materials has been of great interest. Likewise, polymer industries are considered as the most familiar petrochemical industries. Despite the valuable and continuous advancements in various polymeric material technologies over the last century, many varieties and advances related to the field of polymer science and engineering still promise a great potential for exciting new applications. Research, development, and industrial support have been the key factors behind the great progress in the field of polymer applications. This work provides insight into the recent energy applications of polymers, including energy storage and production. The study of polymeric materials in the field of enhanced oil recovery and water treatment technologies will be presented and evaluated. In addition, in this review, we wish to emphasize the great importance of various functional polymers as effective adsorbents of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine EL-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, P.O. Box 1162, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Radwan Alrasheed
- National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Norah H. Almousa
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
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Feeney SG, LaFreniere JMJ, Halpern JM. Perspective on Nanofiber Electrochemical Sensors: Design of Relative Selectivity Experiments. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3706. [PMID: 34771266 PMCID: PMC8588248 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanofibers creates the ability for non-enzymatic sensing in various applications and greatly improves the sensitivity, speed, and accuracy of electrochemical sensors for a wide variety of analytes. The high surface area to volume ratio of the fibers as well as their high porosity, even when compared to other common nanostructures, allows for enhanced electrocatalytic, adsorptive, and analyte-specific recognition mechanisms. Nanofibers have the potential to rival and replace materials used in electrochemical sensing. As more types of nanofibers are developed and tested for new applications, more consistent and refined selectivity experiments are needed. We applied this idea in a review of interferant control experiments and real sample analyses. The goal of this review is to provide guidelines for acceptable nanofiber sensor selectivity experiments with considerations for electrocatalytic, adsorptive, and analyte-specific recognition mechanisms. The intended presented review and guidelines will be of particular use to junior researchers designing their first control experiments, but could be used as a reference for anyone designing selectivity experiments for non-enzymatic sensors including nanofibers. We indicate the importance of testing both interferants in complex media and mechanistic interferants in the selectivity analysis of newly developed nanofiber sensor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley G. Feeney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824 NH, USA;
| | | | - Jeffrey Mark Halpern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824 NH, USA;
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Khare JM, Dahiya S, Gangil B, Ranakoti L, Sharma S, Huzaifah MRM, Ilyas RA, Dwivedi SP, Chattopadhyaya S, Kilinc HC, Li C. Comparative Analysis of Erosive Wear Behaviour of Epoxy, Polyester and Vinyl Esters Based Thermosetting Polymer Composites for Human Prosthetic Applications Using Taguchi Design. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3607. [PMID: 34685366 PMCID: PMC8538901 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In polymer composites, synthetic fibers are primarily used as a chief reinforcing material, with a wide range of applications, and are therefore essential to study. In the present work, we carried out the erosive wear of natural and synthetic fiber-based polymer composites. Glass fiber with jute and Grewia optiva fiber was reinforced in three different polymer resins: epoxy, vinyl ester and polyester. The hand lay-up method was used for the fabrication of composites. L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi method used to identify the most significant parameters (impact velocity, fiber content, and impingement angle) in the analysis of erosive wear. ANOVA analysis revealed that the most influential parameter was in the erosive wear analysis was impact velocity followed by fiber content and impingement angle. It was also observed that polyester-based composites exhibited the highest erosive wear followed by vinyl ester-based composites, and epoxy-based composites showed the lowest erosive wear. From the present study, it may be attributed that the low hardness of the polyester resulting in low resistance against the impact of erodent particles. The SEM analysis furthermore illustrates the mechanism took place during the wear examination of all three types of composites at highest fiber loading. A thorough assessment uncovers brittle fractures in certain regions, implying that a marginal amount of impact forces was also acting on the fabricated samples. The developed fiber-reinforced polymer sandwich composite materials possess excellent biocompatibility, desirable promising properties for prosthetic, orthopaedic, and bone-fracture implant uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Mohan Khare
- School of Engineering & Technology, University of Technology, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303903, India; (J.M.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Sanjeev Dahiya
- School of Engineering & Technology, University of Technology, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303903, India; (J.M.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Brijesh Gangil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Garhwal, Srinagar 246174, India;
| | - Lalit Ranakoti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT Uttarakhand), Srinagar 246174, India;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus, Kapurthala 144603, India
| | - Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu 97000, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | | | - Somnath Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India;
| | - Huseyin Cagan Kilinc
- Civil Engineering Department, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul 34510, Turkey;
| | - Changhe Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China;
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Cui S, Rouabhia M, Semlali A, Zhang Z. Effects of electrical stimulation on human skin keratinocyte growth and the secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34592730 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2bba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been widely explored and found effective in promoting wound healing. However, the role of ES on keratinocytes, a major player in wound healing, has not been well established. The present work investigated the cellular and molecular behaviors of human skin keratinocytes being exposed to ES. HaCaT keratinocytes were seeded on a novel electrically conductive and soft PPy-PU/PLLA membrane and cultured under electrical intensities of 100 or 200 mV mm-1for 6 and 24 h. The factors assessed after ES include cell proliferation, colony formation, cytokines, keratins, as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) kinases. The results showed that the electrically stimulated cells exhibited a higher proliferative ability and secreted more IL-6, IL-1α, IL-8, GROα, FGF2, and VEGF-A. Interestingly, the 24 h ES induced a 'stimulus memory' by showing a significant rise in colony-forming efficiency in post-ES cells that were sub-cultured. Additionally, after stopping the 24 h ES, the productions of keratin 5 and keratin 14 were continuously increased for 3 d. The productions of keratin 10 and keratin 13 were significantly increased post the 6 h ES. Finally, the ES increased pERK1/2 kinases. The overall results demonstrated that the proliferation of keratinocytes and their secretion of cytokines and growth factors can be activated through appropriate ES to benefit skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cui
- Research Group on Oral Ecology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Research Center of CHU-Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Research Group on Oral Ecology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Research Group on Oral Ecology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Research Center of CHU-Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada
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Jha K, Tyagi YK, Kumar R, Sharma S, Huzaifah MRM, Li C, Ilyas RA, Dwivedi SP, Saxena A, Pramanik A. Assessment of Dimensional Stability, Biodegradability, and Fracture Energy of Bio-Composites Reinforced with Novel Pine Cone. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3260. [PMID: 34641075 PMCID: PMC8512806 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, biodegradable composites were fabricated with polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix reinforced with pine cone powder (15%, 30%, and 45% by weight) and compatibilized with graphite powder (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight) in polycaprolactone matrix by compression molding technique. The samples were prepared as per ASTM standard and tested for dimensional stability, biodegradability, and fracture energy with scanning electron micrographs. Water-absorption and thickness-swelling were performed to examine the dimensional stability and tests were performed at 23 °C and 50% humidity. Results revealed that the composites with 15 wt % of pine cone powder (PCP) have shown higher dimensional stability as compared to other composites. Bio-composites containing 15-45 wt % of PCP with low graphite content have shown higher disintegration rate than neat PCL. Fracture energy for crack initiation in bio-composites was increased by 68% with 30% PCP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the composites have shown evenly-distributed PCP particles throughout PCL-matrix at significantly high-degrees or quantities of reinforcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Jha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Yogesh K. Tyagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India;
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus-Kapurthala, Ibban 144603, India
| | - Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu 97000, Malaysia
| | - Changhe Li
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China;
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Shashi Prakash Dwivedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India; (S.P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Ambuj Saxena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India; (S.P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alokesh Pramanik
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;
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