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Afloarea OT, Nacu I, Vereștiuc L, Yilmaz CN, Panainte AD, Peptu CA, Ostafe IG, Bibire N. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Novel Methacrylated Chitosan-PNIPAAm-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Loaded with Progesterone for Applications in Vaginal Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2160. [PMID: 39125186 PMCID: PMC11313938 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy before 24 weeks and administration of progesterone in pregnancy has considerably decreased the risk of premature birth. Progesterone (PGT) starting from the luteal phase stabilizes pregnancy, promotes differentiation of the endometrium, and facilitates the implantation of the embryo. Within the present study, novel hybrid hydrogels based on chitosan methacrylate (CHT), hyaluronic acid (HA), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) for vaginal delivery of progesterone were evaluated. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural identity assessment and evaluation of their morphological aspects. The ability to swell, the release capacity, enzymatic degradation, cytotoxicity, and mucoadhesion were also reported. The characterized hydrogels demonstrated mucoadhesive properties in contact with the vaginal tissue of swine and bovine origin as substrates, and biodegradability and controlled release in a simulated vaginal environment. Cytocompatibility tests confirmed the ability of the hydrogels and progesterone to support cell viability and growth. The results showed pH-dependent behavior, controlled drug release, good cytocompatibility, and mucoadhesive properties. The hydrogels with higher chitosan amounts demonstrated better bioadhesive properties. This study provides insights into the potential of these hydrogels for the controlled vaginal delivery of progesterone, with promising therapeutic effects and no cytotoxicity observed. The experimental results indicated that a composition with a moderate content of PNIPAAm was suitable for the controlled delivery of progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Teodora Afloarea
- Doctoral School, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Isabella Nacu
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Vereștiuc
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cătălina Natalia Yilmaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Dokuz Eylül University, Kültür Mah. Cumhuriyet Bulv. No:144 Alsancak, 35210 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alina Diana Panainte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Cătălina Anișoara Peptu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Giorgiana Ostafe
- “Cuza Voda” Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital, 34 Cuza Voda Street, 700038 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Nela Bibire
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700116 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (N.B.)
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Sharma S, Kishen A. Bioarchitectural Design of Bioactive Biopolymers: Structure-Function Paradigm for Diabetic Wound Healing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:275. [PMID: 38786486 PMCID: PMC11117869 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers are a major complication in diabetes caused by hyperglycemia, prolonged inflammation, high oxidative stress, and bacterial bioburden. Bioactive biopolymers have been found to have a biological response in wound tissue microenvironments and are used for developing advanced tissue engineering strategies to enhance wound healing. These biopolymers possess innate bioactivity and are biodegradable, with favourable mechanical properties. However, their bioactivity is highly dependent on their structural properties, which need to be carefully considered while developing wound healing strategies. Biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and collagen have previously been used in wound healing solutions but the modulation of structural/physico-chemical properties for differential bioactivity have not been the prime focus. Factors such as molecular weight, degree of polymerization, amino acid sequences, and hierarchical structures can have a spectrum of immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant properties that could determine the fate of the wound. The current narrative review addresses the structure-function relationship in bioactive biopolymers for promoting healing in chronic wounds with emphasis on diabetic ulcers. This review highlights the need for characterization of the biopolymers under research while designing biomaterials to maximize the inherent bioactive potency for better tissue regeneration outcomes, especially in the context of diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Sharma
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
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3
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Alagili MF, AlQuadeib BT, Ashri LY, Ibrahim MA. Optimization and evaluation of Lisinopril mucoadhesive sustained release matrix pellets: In-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101690. [PMID: 37457369 PMCID: PMC10344808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lisinopril (LIS) is antihypertensive drug, classified as a class III drug with high water solubility and low permeability. To overcome the low permeability, 32 factorial designs aimed to formulate LIS as a sustained-release (LIS-SR) matrix pellet by extrusion/spheronization. Matrix pellets were composed of wet mass containing Avicel® and polymeric matrix polymers (sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS)). Evaluation of the effect of two independent variables, matrix-forming units (SA and CS) on mean line torque, on pellet size, dissolution rate after 6 h, and mucoadhesion strength of the pellets were assessed using Statgraphics software. The tested formulations (F1-F9) showed that mean line torque ranged from 1.583 to 0.461 Nm, with LIS content in the LIS-SR pellets ranged from 87.9 to 103%, sizes varied from 1906 to 1404 µm and high percentages of drug released from pellets formulations (68.48 to 74.18 %), while the mean zeta potential value of mucoadhesive range from -17.5 to -22.9 mV. The selection of optimized formulation must have the following desirability: maximum peak torque, maximum pellets' particle size, and minimum % LIS release after 6hr. LIS optimized sustained release pellet formula composed of 2,159 % SA and 0.357 % CS was chosen as optimized formula. It's showed a 1.055 Nm mean line torque was responsible for the increased pellet size to 1830.8 μm with decreased release rate 56.2 % after 6 hr, and -20.33 mV average mucin zeta potential. Ex-vivo mucoadhesion studies revealed that that the optimize formulation, exhibited excellent mucoadhesive properties, after 1 h, about 73% of the pellets were still attached to the mucus membrane. Additionally, ex-vivo permeation determination of LIS from the optimized LIS-SR formulation was found to be significantly higher (1.7-folds) as compared to free LIS. In conclusion: LIS-SR matrix pellets, prepared with an extrusion/spheronization have desirable excellent characteristics in-vitro and ex-vivo sustained-release pellet formulation of LIS-SR was able to sustain the release of LIS for up to 8 h.
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Ferreira LMB, Cardoso VMO, Dos Santos Pedriz I, Souza MPC, Ferreira NN, Chorilli M, Gremião MPD, Zucolotto V. Understanding mucus modulation behavior of chitosan oligomers and dextran sulfate combining light scattering and calorimetric observations. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120613. [PMID: 36746564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the fundamental understanding of mucus-modulatory strategies combining charged biopolymers with distinct molecular weights and surface charges. Here, key biophysical evidence supports that low-molecular-weight (Mw) polycation chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) and high-Mw polyanion dextran sulfate (DS) exhibit distinct thermodynamic signatures upon interaction with mucin (MUC), the main protein of mucus. While the COS → MUC microcalorimetric titrations released ~14 kcal/mol and ~60 kcal/mol, the DS → MUC titrations released ~1200 and ~1450 kcal/mol at pH of 4.5 and 6.8, respectively. The MPT-2 titrations of COS → MUC and DS → MUC indicated a greater zeta potential variation at pH = 4.5 (relative variation = 815 % and 351 %, respectively) than at pH = 6.8 (relative variation = 282 % and 136 %, respectively). Further, the resultant binary (COS-MUC) and ternary (COS-DS-MUC) complexes showed opposite behavior (aggregation and charge inversion events) according to the pH environment. Most importantly, the results indicate that electrostatics could not be the driving force that governs COS-MUC interactions. To account for this finding, we proposed a two-level abstraction model. Macro features emerge collectively from individual interactions occurring at the molecular level. Therefore, to understand the outcomes of mucus modulatory strategy based on charged biopolymers it is necessary to integrate both visions into the same picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M B Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Valéria M O Cardoso
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Igor Dos Santos Pedriz
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maurício P C Souza
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália N Ferreira
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria P D Gremião
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
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5
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Schimpf U, Caldas-Silveira E, Katchan L, Vigier-Carriere C, Lantier I, Nachmann G, Gidlöf S, Jonasson AF, Björndahl L, Trombotto S, Druart X, Crouzier T. Topical reinforcement of the cervical mucus barrier to sperm. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm2417. [PMID: 36449601 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Close to half of the world's pregnancies are still unplanned, reflecting a clear unmet need in contraception. Ideally, a contraceptive would provide the high efficacy of hormonal treatments, without systemic side effects. Here, we studied topical reinforcement of the cervical mucus by chitosan mucoadhesive polymers as a form of female contraceptive. Chitosans larger than 7 kDa effectively cross-linked human ovulatory cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration in vitro. We then demonstrated in vivo using the ewe as a model that vaginal gels containing chitosan could stop ram sperm at the entrance of the cervical canal and prevent them from reaching the uterus, whereas the same gels without chitosan did not substantially limit sperm migration. Chitosan did not affect sperm motility in vitro or in vivo, suggesting reinforcement of the mucus physical barrier as the primary mechanism of action. The chitosan formulations did not damage or irritate the ewe vaginal epithelium, in contrast to nonoxynol-9 spermicide. The demonstration that cervical mucus can be reinforced topically to create an effective barrier to sperm may therefore form the technological basis for muco-cervical barrier contraceptives with the potential to become an alternative to hormonal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schimpf
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry (MMK), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Caldas-Silveira
- PIXANIM, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Ljudmila Katchan
- Cirqle Biomedical Contraception ApS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Isabelle Lantier
- French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), UMR ISP, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilai Nachmann
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aino Fianu Jonasson
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels alle 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Björndahl
- ANOVA-Andrology, Sexual Medicine, Transmedicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Norra Stationsgatan 69, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IMP, UMR 5223, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Druart
- PIXANIM, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Cirqle Biomedical Contraception ApS, Ole Maaløes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Romanov DP, Skorik YA. pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery System Based on Chitin Nanowhiskers-Sodium Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175860. [PMID: 36079241 PMCID: PMC9456586 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), based on partially deacetylated chitin nanowhiskers (CNWs) and anionic polysaccharides, are characterized by their variability of properties (particle size, ζ-potential, and pH-sensitivity) depending on the preparation conditions, thereby allowing the development of polymeric nanoplatforms with a sustained release profile for active pharmaceutical substances. This study is focused on the development of hydrogels based on PECs of CNWs and sodium alginate (ALG) for potential vaginal administration that provide controlled pH-dependent antibiotic release in an acidic vaginal environment, as well as prolonged pharmacological action due to both the sustained drug release profile and the mucoadhesive properties of the polysaccharides. The desired hydrogels were formed as a result of both electrostatic interactions between CNWs and ALG (PEC formation), and the subsequent molecular entanglement of ALG chains, and the formation of additional hydrogen bonds. Metronidazole (MET) delivery systems with the desired properties were obtained at pH 5.5 and an CNW:ALG ratio of 1:2. The MET-CNW-ALG microparticles in the hydrogel composition had an apparent hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 1.7 µm and a ζ-potential of -43 mV. In vitro release studies showed a prolonged pH-sensitive drug release from the designed hydrogels; 37 and 67% of MET were released within 24 h at pH 7.4 and pH 4.5, respectively. The introduction of CNWs into the MET-ALG system not only prolonged the drug release, but also increased the mucoadhesive properties by about 1.3 times. Thus, novel CNW-ALG hydrogels are promising carriers for pH sensitive drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia V. Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Petrova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry P. Romanov
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Adm. Makarova emb. 2, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. V.O. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Alginate as a Promising Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Wound Healing: A Review of the State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169035. [PMID: 36012297 PMCID: PMC9409034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymeric nanoparticulate systems hold favorable carrier properties for active delivery. The enhancement in the research interest in alginate formulations in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, owing to its biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioadhesive characteristics, reiterates its future use as an efficient drug delivery matrix. Alginates, obtained from natural sources, are the colloidal polysaccharide group, which are water-soluble, non-toxic, and non-irritant. These are linear copolymeric blocks of α-(1→4)-linked l-guluronic acid (G) and β-(1→4)-linked d-mannuronic acid (M) residues. Owing to the monosaccharide sequencing and the enzymatically governed reactions, alginates are well-known as an essential bio-polymer group for multifarious biomedical implementations. Additionally, alginate’s bio-adhesive property makes it significant in the pharmaceutical industry. Alginate has shown immense potential in wound healing and drug delivery applications to date because its gel-forming ability maintains the structural resemblance to the extracellular matrices in tissues and can be altered to perform numerous crucial functions. The initial section of this review will deliver a perception of the extraction source and alginate’s remarkable properties. Furthermore, we have aspired to discuss the current literature on alginate utilization as a biopolymeric carrier for drug delivery through numerous administration routes. Finally, the latest investigations on alginate composite utilization in wound healing are addressed.
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8
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Development and evaluation of bioadhesive buccal films based on sodium alginate for allergy therapy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10364. [PMID: 36090229 PMCID: PMC9449571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal drug administration is a less explored area, therefore researchers and companies focus on its research because of its innovative potential and opportunities. Buccal polymer films (patches) are considered to be an innovative form and have a great number of advantageous properties. Firstly, patients who suffer from swallowing problems and children can also apply them. The active pharmaceutical ingredient enters the systemic circulation directly without degradation and transformation. The aim of this study was to formulate buccal films with sodium alginate (SA) because it is a rarely used, innovative polymer for the formulation of buccal films. The mechanical, chemical properties and dosage forms of the prepared films were investigated with different methods. To formulate the films, cetirizine dihydrochloride (CTZ) was used as model drug, and glycerol (GLY) was added to make the films more elastic. The samples were prepared and stored at room temperature. As a result, it can be seen that the mechanical properties of all film compositions show good results, especially breaking hardness. The films with high SA concentration containing CTZ had appropriate mucoadhesion forces, so these samples are suitable for application on the buccal mucosa. The results of dissolution confirmed this finding. Finally, it can be said we formulated fast dissolving films and it can be concluded that the films prepared with 3% SA concentration containing 1% and 3% GLY can be recommended for buccal application.
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Raghav S, Jain P, Kumar D. Alginates: Properties and Applications. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119711414.ch19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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10
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Surjit Singh CK, Lim HP, Tey BT, Chan ES. Spray-dried alginate-coated Pickering emulsion stabilized by chitosan for improved oxidative stability and in vitro release profile. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mirón-Mérida V, Wu M, Gong Y, Guo Y, Holmes M, Ettelaie R, Goycoolea F. Genipin cross-linked chitosan for signal enhancement in the colorimetric detection of aflatoxin B1 on 3MM chromatography paper. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Cattelan G, Guerrero Gerbolés A, Foresti R, Pramstaller PP, Rossini A, Miragoli M, Caffarra Malvezzi C. Alginate Formulations: Current Developments in the Race for Hydrogel-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:414. [PMID: 32457887 PMCID: PMC7226066 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), represent the main worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity. In this scenario, to contrast the irreversible damages following MI, cardiac regeneration has emerged as a novel and promising solution for in situ cellular regeneration, preserving cell behavior and tissue cytoarchitecture. Among the huge variety of natural, synthetic, and hybrid compounds used for tissue regeneration, alginate emerged as a good candidate for cellular preservation and delivery, becoming one of the first biomaterial tested in pre-clinical research and clinical trials concerning cardiovascular diseases. Although promising results have been obtained, recellularization and revascularization of the infarcted area present still major limitations. Therefore, the demand is rising for alginate functionalization and its combination with molecules, factors, and drugs capable to boost the regenerative potential of the cardiac tissue. The focus of this review is to elucidate the promising properties of alginate and to highlight its benefits in clinical trials in relation to cardiac regeneration. The definition of hydrogels, the alginate characteristics, and recent biomedical applications are herewith described. Afterward, the review examines in depth the ongoing developments to refine the material relevance in cardiac recovery and regeneration after MI and presents current clinical trials based on alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Cattelan
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Amparo Guerrero Gerbolés
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruben Foresti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CERT, Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Venkateshaiah A, Padil VV, Nagalakshmaiah M, Waclawek S, Černík M, Varma RS. Microscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Micro and Nanostructures of Biopolymers and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E512. [PMID: 32120773 PMCID: PMC7182842 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural biopolymers, a class of materials extracted from renewable sources, is garnering interest due to growing concerns over environmental safety; biopolymers have the advantage of biocompatibility and biodegradability, an imperative requirement. The synthesis of nanoparticles and nanofibers from biopolymers provides a green platform relative to the conventional methods that use hazardous chemicals. However, it is challenging to characterize these nanoparticles and fibers due to the variation in size, shape, and morphology. In order to evaluate these properties, microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are essential. With the advent of new biopolymer systems, it is necessary to obtain insights into the fundamental structures of these systems to determine their structural, physical, and morphological properties, which play a vital role in defining their performance and applications. Microscopic techniques perform a decisive role in revealing intricate details, which assists in the appraisal of microstructure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and interfacial properties. This review highlights the significance of various microscopic techniques incorporating the literature details that help characterize biopolymers and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Venkateshaiah
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Vinod V.T. Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Malladi Nagalakshmaiah
- IMT Lille Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering (TPCIM), 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS10838, F-59508 Douai, France
| | - Stanisław Waclawek
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (S.W.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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14
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Balijepalli AS, Sabatelle RC, Chen M, Suki B, Grinstaff MW. A Synthetic Bioinspired Carbohydrate Polymer with Mucoadhesive Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:704-710. [PMID: 31701611 PMCID: PMC7754715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymers are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical, medical device, and cosmetic industries. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan, are known for mucoadhesive properties but suffer from poor chemical definition and solubility, while the chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is challenging with few reported examples of synthetic carbohydrate polymers with engineered-in ionic functionality. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a synthetic, cationic, enantiopure carbohydrate polymer inspired by the structure of chitosan. These water-soluble, cytocompatible polymers are prepared via an anionic ring-opening polymerization of a bicyclic β-lactam sugar monomer. The synthetic method provides control over the site of amine functionalization and the length of the polymer while providing narrow dispersities. These well-defined polymers are mucoadhesive as documented in single-molecule scale (AFM), bulk solution phase (FRAP), and ex vivo tissue experiments. Polymer length and functionality affects bioactivity as long, charged polymers display higher mucoadhesivity than long, neutral polymers or short, charged polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant S Balijepalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Robert C Sabatelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 712 Beacon Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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15
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Balijepalli AS, Sabatelle RC, Chen M, Suki B, Grinstaff MW. A Synthetic Bioinspired Carbohydrate Polymer with Mucoadhesive Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anant S. Balijepalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University 44 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Robert C. Sabatelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University 44 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University 44 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University 44 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University 44 Cummington Mall Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Chemistry Boston University 712 Beacon Street Boston MA 02215 USA
- School of Medicine Boston University 72 East Concord Street Boston MA 02118 USA
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16
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Di Cola E, Cantu' L, Brocca P, Rondelli V, Fadda GC, Canelli E, Martelli P, Clementino A, Sonvico F, Bettini R, Del Favero E. Novel O/W nanoemulsions for nasal administration: Structural hints in the selection of performing vehicles with enhanced mucopenetration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110439. [PMID: 31473410 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose novel oil-in-water nanoemulsions (O/W NEs) including PEGylated surfactants and chitosan, showing good biocompatibility and optimization for nasal administration of drugs or vaccines. The transmucosal route has been shown to be ideal for a fast and efficient absorption and represents a viable alternative when the oral administration is problematic. The critical structural features in view of optimal encapsulation and transmucosal delivery were assessed by characterizing the NEs with complementary scattering techniques, i.e. dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS). Combined results allowed for selecting the formulations with the best suited structural properties and in addition establishing their propensity to enter the mucus barrier. To this scope, mucin was used as a model system and the effect of adding chitosan to the NEs, as adjuvant, was investigated. Remarkably, the presence of chitosan had a positive impact on the diffusion of the NE particles through the mucin matrix. We can infer that chitosan-mucin interaction induces density inhomogeneity and an increase in the pore size within the gel matrix that enhances the PEGylated NEs mobility. The coupling of mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating agents is shown to be a promising strategy for innovative transmucosal delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Cola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy; Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Laura Cantu'
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Paola Brocca
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Giulia C Fadda
- Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cauchin, 93017 Bobigny, France; Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Elena Canelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adryana Clementino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Biopharmanet TEC - Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per l'Innovazione dei Prodotti per la Salute, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via fratelli Cervi 93, 20900 Segrate (Mi), Italy.
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17
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Collado-González M, González Espinosa Y, Goycoolea FM. Interaction Between Chitosan and Mucin: Fundamentals and Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:E32. [PMID: 31105217 PMCID: PMC6631199 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term chitosan (CS) refers to a family of aminopolysaccharides derived from chitin. Among other properties, CS is nontoxic, mucoadhesive and can be used for load and transport drugs. Given these and other physicochemical and biological properties, CS is an optimal biopolymer for the development of transmucosal drug delivery systems, as well as for the treatment of pathologies related to mucosal dysfunctions. Mucins are glycoprotein macromolecules that are the major components of mucus overlaying epithelia. CS interacts with mucin and adsorbs on and changes the rheology of mucus. However, CS and mucins denote families of polymers/macromolecules with highly variable chemical structure, properties, and behavior. To date, their interactions at the molecular level have not been completely unraveled. Also, the properties of complexes composed of CS and mucin vary as a function of the sources and preparation of the polymers. As a consequence, the mucoadhesion and drug delivery properties of such complexes vary as well. The breadth of this review is on the molecular interactions between CS and mucin. In particular, in vitro and ex vivo characterization methods to investigate both the interactions at play during the formation of CS-mucin complexes, and the advances on the use of CS for transmucosal drug delivery are addressed.
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18
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Ding D, Kundukad B, Somasundar A, Vijayan S, Khan SA, Doyle PS. Design of Mucoadhesive PLGA Microparticles for Ocular Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:561-571. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ding
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, Enterprise
Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Binu Kundukad
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, Enterprise
Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ambika Somasundar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Sindhu Vijayan
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Saif A. Khan
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, Enterprise
Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore,4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, Enterprise
Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Building 66, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Formosa-Dague C, Castelain M, Martin-Yken H, Dunker K, Dague E, Sletmoen M. The Role of Glycans in Bacterial Adhesion to Mucosal Surfaces: How Can Single-Molecule Techniques Advance Our Understanding? Microorganisms 2018; 6:E39. [PMID: 29734645 PMCID: PMC6027152 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is currently the subject of increased interest from the research community, leading to fast progress in our understanding of this complex phenomenon. Resent research within this field has documented the important roles played by glycans for bacterial surface adhesion, either through interaction with lectins or with other glycans. In parallel with this increased interest for and understanding of bacterial adhesion, there has been a growth in the sophistication and use of sensitive force probes for single-molecule and single cell studies. In this review, we highlight how the sensitive force probes atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical tweezers (OT) have contributed to clarifying the mechanisms underlying bacterial adhesion to glycosylated surfaces in general and mucosal surfaces in particular. We also describe research areas where these techniques have not yet been applied, but where their capabilities appear appropriate to advance our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickaël Castelain
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Hélène Martin-Yken
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Karen Dunker
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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Assessing Mucoadhesion in Polymer Gels: The Effect of Method Type and Instrument Variables. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030254. [PMID: 30966289 PMCID: PMC6415125 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of mucoadhesion has been widely studied using a wide variety of methods, which are influenced by instrumental variables and experiment design, making the comparison between the results of different studies difficult. The aim of this work was to standardize the conditions of the detachment test and the rheological methods of mucoadhesion assessment for semisolids, and introduce a texture profile analysis (TPA) method. A factorial design was developed to suggest standard conditions for performing the detachment force method. To evaluate the method, binary polymeric systems were prepared containing poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 971P®, Carbopol 974P®, or Noveon® Polycarbophil. The mucoadhesion of systems was evaluated, and the reproducibility of these measurements investigated. This detachment force method was demonstrated to be reproduceable, and gave different adhesion when mucin disk or ex vivo oral mucosa was used. The factorial design demonstrated that all evaluated parameters had an effect on measurements of mucoadhesive force, but the same was not observed for the work of adhesion. It was suggested that the work of adhesion is a more appropriate metric for evaluating mucoadhesion. Oscillatory rheology was more capable of investigating adhesive interactions than flow rheology. TPA method was demonstrated to be reproducible and can evaluate the adhesiveness interaction parameter. This investigation demonstrates the need for standardized methods to evaluate mucoadhesion and makes suggestions for a standard study design.
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21
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Agüero L, Zaldivar-Silva D, Peña L, Dias ML. Alginate microparticles as oral colon drug delivery device: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 168:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Rodríguez I, Vázquez JA, Pastrana L, Khutoryanskiy VV. Enhancement and inhibition effects on the corneal permeability of timolol maleate: Polymers, cyclodextrins and chelating agents. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:168-177. [PMID: 28652172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how both bioadhesive polymers (chitosan, hyaluronic acid and alginate) and permeability enhancers (ethylene glycol- bis(2-aminoethylether)- N, N, N', N'- tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin) influence the permeability of the anti-glaucoma drug timolol maleate through ex vivo bovine corneas. Our results showed that only the permeability enhancers alone were able to increase drug permeability, whereas the polymers significantly reduced drug permeation, and however, they increased the pre-corneal residence of timolol. Ternary systems (polymer-enhancer-drug) showed a reduced drug permeability compared to the polymers alone. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of the epithelium surface confirmed there was no evidence of epithelial disruption caused by these formulations, suggesting that polymer-enhancer interactions reduce drug solubilization and counteract the disruptive effect of the permeability enhancers on the surface of the cornea. Further mucoadhesive tests, revealed a stable interaction of chitosan and hyaluronic acid with the epithelium, while alginate showed poor mucoadhesive properties. The differences in mucoadhesion correlated with the permeability of timolol maleate observed, i.e. formulations containing mucoadhesive polymers showed lower drug permeabilities. The results of the present study indicate polymers acting as an additional barrier towards drug permeability which is even more evident in the presence of permeability enhancers like EGTA and hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin. Then, this study highlights the need to adequately select additives intended for ocular applications since interactions between them can have opposite results to what expected in terms of drug permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rodríguez
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading, RG66AD, United Kingdom; University of Vigo, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Ourense, Spain
| | - José Antonio Vázquez
- Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), Group of Recycling and Valorization of Waste Materials (REVAL), Vigo, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading, RG66AD, United Kingdom.
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23
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Szekalska M, Sosnowska K, Zakrzeska A, Kasacka I, Lewandowska A, Winnicka K. The Influence of Chitosan Cross-linking on the Properties of Alginate Microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride-In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Molecules 2017; 22:E182. [PMID: 28117747 PMCID: PMC6155789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium alginate is a polymer with unique ability to gel with different cross-linking agents in result of ionic and electrostatic interactions. Chitosan cross-linked alginate provides improvement of swelling and mucoadhesive properties and might be used to design sustained release dosage forms. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop and evaluate possibility of preparing chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles containing metformin hydrochloride by the spray-drying method. In addition, influence of cross-linking agent on the properties of microparticles was evaluated. Formulation of microparticles prepared by the spray drying of 2% alginate solution cross-linked by 0.1% chitosan was characterized by good mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and prolonged metformin hydrochloride release. It was shown that designed microparticles reduced rat glucose blood level, delayed absorption of metformin hydrochloride and provided stable plasma drug concentration. Additionally, histopathological studies of pancreas, liver and kidneys indicated that all prepared microparticles improved degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. Moreover, no toxicity effect and no changes in rats behavior after oral administration of chitosan cross-linked alginate microparticles were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Zakrzeska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Alicja Lewandowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
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24
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Gabriel EFM, Garcia PT, Cardoso TMG, Lopes FM, Martins FT, Coltro WKT. Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of glucose and uric acid in biological fluids using chitosan-modified paper microfluidic devices. Analyst 2016; 141:4749-56. [PMID: 27272206 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00430j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the modification of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) with chitosan to improve the analytical performance of colorimetric measurements associated with enzymatic bioassays. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer extensively used to modify biosensing surfaces due to its capability of providing a suitable microenvironment for the direct electron transfer between an enzyme and a reactive surface. This hypothesis was investigated using glucose and uric acid (UA) colorimetric assays as model systems. The best colorimetric sensitivity for glucose and UA was achieved using a chromogenic solution composed of 4-aminoantipyrine and sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzenesulfonate (4-AAP/DHBS), which provided a linear response for a concentration range between 0.1 and 1.0 mM. Glucose and UA were successfully determined in artificial serum samples with accuracies between 87 and 114%. The limits of detection (LODs) found for glucose and UA assays were 23 and 37 μM, respectively. The enhanced analytical performance of chitosan-modified μPADs allowed the colorimetric detection of glucose in tear samples from four nondiabetic patients. The achieved concentration levels ranged from 130 to 380 μM. The modified μPADs offered analytical reliability and accuracy as well as no statistical difference from the values achieved through a reference method. Based on the presented results, the proposed μPAD can be a powerful alternative tool for non-invasive glucose analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F M Gabriel
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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25
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Influence of Sodium Alginate on Hypoglycemic Activity of Metformin Hydrochloride in the Microspheres Obtained by the Spray Drying. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/8635408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate microspheres with metformin hydrochloride were prepared by the spray drying method in order to improve residence time of drug in the stomach. Nine formulations (F1–F9) with various drug : polymer ratio (1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1) and different sodium alginate concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) were evaluated for size, morphology, drug loading, Zeta potential, and swelling degree.In vitrodrug release, mathematical release profile, and physical state of microspheres were also evaluated. Optimal formulation characterized by the highest drug loading was formulation F6 (drug : polymer ratio 2 : 1 and 2% alginate solution). Based on glucose uptake inSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells andα-amylase inhibition tests, it could be concluded that alginate microspheres enhance hypoglycemic activity of metformin hydrochloride evaluatedin vitro. Designed microspheres are promising as alternative, multicompartment dosage form for metformin hydrochloride delivery.
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26
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Alginate: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7697031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, alginates, natural multifunctional polymers, have increasingly drawn attention as attractive compounds in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile biological activities. The focus of the paper is to describe biological and pharmacological activity of alginates and to discuss the present use and future possibilities of alginates as a tool in drug formulation. The recent technological advancements with using alginates, issues related to alginates suitability as matrix for three-dimensional tissue cultures, adjuvants of antibiotics, and antiviral agents in cell transplantation in diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases treatment, and an update on the antimicrobial and antiviral therapy of the alginate based drugs are also highlighted.
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27
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Håti AG, Aachmann FL, Stokke BT, Skjåk-Bræk G, Sletmoen M. Energy Landscape of Alginate-Epimerase Interactions Assessed by Optical Tweezers and Atomic Force Microscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141237. [PMID: 26496653 PMCID: PMC4619708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannuronan C-5 epimerases are a family of enzymes that catalyze epimerization of alginates at the polymer level. This group of enzymes thus enables the tailor-making of various alginate residue sequences to attain various functional properties, e.g. viscosity, gelation and ion binding. Here, the interactions between epimerases AlgE4 and AlgE6 and alginate substrates as well as epimerization products were determined. The interactions of the various epimerase–polysaccharide pairs were determined over an extended range of force loading rates by the combined use of optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy. When studying systems that in nature are not subjected to external forces the access to observations obtained at low loading rates, as provided by optical tweezers, is a great advantage since the low loading rate region for these systems reflect the properties of the rate limiting energy barrier. The AlgE epimerases have a modular structure comprising both A and R modules, and the role of each of these modules in the epimerization process were examined through studies of the A- module of AlgE6, AlgE6A. Dynamic strength spectra obtained through combination of atomic force microscopy and the optical tweezers revealed the existence of two energy barriers in the alginate-epimerase complexes, of which one was not revealed in previous AFM based studies of these complexes. Furthermore, based on these spectra estimates of the locations of energy transition states (xβ), lifetimes in the absence of external perturbation (τ0) and free energies (ΔG#) were determined for the different epimerase–alginate complexes. This is the first determination of ΔG# for these complexes. The values determined were up to 8 kBT for the outer barrier, and smaller values for the inner barriers. The size of the free energies determined are consistent with the interpretation that the enzyme and substrate are thus not tightly locked at all times but are able to relocate. Together with the observed different affinities determined for AlgE4-polymannuronic acid (poly-M) and AlgE4-polyalternating alginate (poly-MG) macromolecular pairs these data give important contribution to the growing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the processive mode of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armend Gazmeno Håti
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Dept. of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn Lillelund Aachmann
- NOBIPOL, Dept. of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Dept. of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk
- NOBIPOL, Dept. of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- NOBIPOL, Dept. of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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