1
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Rimmele M, Qiao Z, Panidi J, Furlan F, Lee C, Tan WL, McNeill CR, Kim Y, Gasparini N, Heeney M. A polymer library enables the rapid identification of a highly scalable and efficient donor material for organic solar cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4202-4212. [PMID: 37599602 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic improvement of the PCE (power conversion efficiency) of organic photovoltaic devices in the past few years has been driven by the development of new polymer donor materials and non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). In the design of such materials synthetic scalability is often not considered, and hence complicated synthetic protocols are typical for high-performing materials. Here we report an approach to readily introduce a variety of solubilizing groups into a benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole acceptor comonomer. This allowed for the ready preparation of a library of eleven donor polymers of varying side chains and comonomers, which facilitated a rapid screening of properties and photovoltaic device performance. Donor FO6-T emerged as the optimal material, exhibiting good solubility in chlorinated and non-chlorinated solvents and achieving 15.4% PCE with L8BO as the acceptor (15.2% with Y6) and good device stability. FO6-T was readily prepared on the gram scale, and synthetic complexity (SC) analysis highlighted FO6-T as an attractive donor polymer for potential large scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rimmele
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Zhuoran Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Chulyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications (KINPA), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen Liang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Youngkyoo Kim
- Organic Nanoelectronics Laboratory and KNU Institute for Nanophotonics Applications (KINPA), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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OSMANOĞULLARI SC, SÖYLEMEZ S, KARAKURT O, ÖZDEMİR HACIOĞLU S, ÇIRPAN A, TOPPARE L. Innovative polymer engineering for the investigation of electrochemical properties and biosensing ability. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1271-1284. [PMID: 38173753 PMCID: PMC10760843 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Subtle engineering for the generation of a biosensor from a conjugated polymer with the inclusion of fluorine-substituted benzothiadiazole and indole moieties is reported. The engineering includes the electrochemical copolymerization of the indole-6-carboxylic acid (M1) and 5-fluoro-4,7-bis(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (M2) on the indium tin oxide and graphite electrode surfaces for the investigation of both their electrochemical properties and biosensing abilities with their copolymer counterparts. The intermediates and final conjugated polymers, Poly(M1) [P-In6C], Poly(M2) [P-FBTz], and copoly(M1 and M2) [P-In6CFBTz], were entirely characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, CV, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry, and SEM techniques. HOMO energy levels of electrochemically obtained polymers were calculated from the oxidation onsets in anodic scans as -4.78 eV, -5.23 eV, and -4.89 eV, and optical bandgap (Egop) values were calculated from the onset of the lowest-energy π-π* transitions as 2.26 eV, 1.43 eV, and 1.59 eV for P-In6C, P-FBTz, and P-In6CFBTz, respectively. By incorporation of fluorine-substituted benzothiadiazole (M2) into the polymer backbone by electrochemical copolymerization, the poor electrochemical properties of P-In6C were remarkably improved. The polymer P-In6CFBTz demonstrated striking electrochemical properties such as a lower optical band gap, red-shifted absorption, multielectrochromic behavior, a lower switching time, and higher optical contrast. Overall, the newly developed copolymer, which combined the features of each monomer, showed superior electrochemical properties and was tested as a glucose-sensing framework, offering a low detection limit (0.011 mM) and a wide linear range (0.05-0.75 mM) with high sensitivity (44.056 μA mM-1 cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Can OSMANOĞULLARI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon,
Turkiye
| | - Saniye SÖYLEMEZ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya,
Turkiye
| | - Oğuzhan KARAKURT
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Serife ÖZDEMİR HACIOĞLU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İskenderun Technical University, Hatay,
Turkiye
| | - Ali ÇIRPAN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GÜNAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Levent TOPPARE
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara,
Turkiye
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3
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Hajduk B, Jarka P, Tański T, Bednarski H, Janeczek H, Gnida P, Fijalkowski M. An Investigation of the Thermal Transitions and Physical Properties of Semiconducting PDPP4T:PDBPyBT Blend Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8392. [PMID: 36499890 PMCID: PMC9741459 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the study of thermal and physical properties of thin polymer films based on mixtures of semiconductor polymers. The materials selected for research were poly [2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-3,6-diyl)-alt-(2,2';5',2″;5″,2'''-quater-thiophen-5,5'''-diyl)]-PDPP4T, a p-type semiconducting polymer, and poly(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-alt-2,2'-bithiophene)-PDBPyBT, a high-mobility n-type polymer. The article describes the influence of the mutual participation of materials on the structure, physical properties and thermal transitions of PDPP4T:PDBPyBT blends. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the phase diagram for PDPP4T:PDBPyBT blend films, constructed on the basis of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Both techniques are complementary to each other, and the obtained results overlap to a large extent. Our research shows that these polymers can be mixed in various proportions to form single-phase mixtures with several thermal transitions, three of which with the lowest characteristic temperatures can be identified as glass transitions. In addition, the RMS roughness value of the PDPP4T:PDBPyBT blended films was lower than that of the pure materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hajduk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paweł Jarka
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tański
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Henryk Bednarski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mateusz Fijalkowski
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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4
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Lee H, Moon B, Kim MJ, Kim HS, Hwang DH, Kang B, Cho K. Fluorination-Induced Charge Trapping and Operational Instability in Conjugated-Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39098-39108. [PMID: 35972221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination of a conjugated polymer backbone is an effective strategy to control the microstructure and electronic structure of a conjugated polymer. Although fluorination has been widely reported to increase charge carrier mobility, its effect on the operational stability of electronic devices has not been extensively investigated. Here, the effect of fluorination of a conjugated polymer backbone on charge trapping and the operational stability of organic field-effect transistors is investigated. The results show that the device based on a fluorinated conjugated polymer exhibits relatively poor operational stability despite its greater charge carrier mobility compared with that in the device based on its nonfluorinated polymer counterpart. Experimental results reveal that the low stability originates from the greater degree of shallow trapping of charge carriers within the fluorinated polymer thin film and that the shallow trapping is closely related to the presence of minority charge carriers. A mechanism of charge trapping is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Byungho Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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5
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Kuznetsov IE, Sideltsev ME, Kurbatov VG, Klyuev MV, Akkuratov AV. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of novel (X-DADAD) conjugated polymers with fluorene and phenylene blocks. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Baseer RA, Ewies EF, Ismail AM. Synthesis, optical and dielectric properties of polyacryloyloxy imino fluorophenyl acetamide and polyacryloyloxy imino fluorophenyl acetamide-co-polystyrene sulfonate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur scope is synthesis a new poly fluorobenzamide oxime ester and study its structural, optical, and dielectric properties. Consequently, ((E)-2-((acryloyloxy)imino)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) acetamide) (AIFPA) was as-synthesized via a condensation reaction of (E)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino) acetamide with acrylic acid to polymerize it via free radical polymerization (PAIFPA). over and above, the synthesized PAIFPA was inserted in more polymerization action with polystyrene sulfonate through the grafting process (PAIFPA-co-PSS). The chemical structures and morphology of AIFPA, PAIFPA, and PAIFPA-co-PSS were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and XRD. The crystallinity index of PAIFPA, and PAIFPA-co-PSS was studied, affording that PAIFPA-co-PSS has the highest crystallinity. Moreover, The optical bandgap that obtained from absorbance analysis was encountered to be in the range of 2.6 eV to 3.5 eV. Ultimately, the dielectric properties of PAIFPA, and PAIFPA-co-PSS showed that electric conductivity values ranged from 6.12 × 10–8 to 7.11 × 10–7 S.cm−1, and 5.48 × 10–10 to 7.75 × 10–8 S.cm−1, respectively. It has a great deal of interest of PAIFPA-co-PSS which has wide band gap energy as short-wavelength light absorbers to be used in tandem polymer solar cells.
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7
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Taskaya Aslan S, Alemdar Yılmaz E, Hacıefendioğlu T, Arslan Udum Y, Toppare L, Yıldırım E, Cirpan A. Investigation the effect of π bridge and side chain on photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene and quinoxaline based conjugated polymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Lin K, Chen H, Liang H, Tan J, Zhou D, Zhang X, Liu F, Wang YH. Benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers perform sub-second response time and 774 cm2C-1 coloration efficiency. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of double fluorine substitution on the optical, electrochemical, thermodynamic, morphological and electrochromic properties of electrochromic polymers, two benzotriazole-EDOT electrochromic conjugated polymers of PBTz-E and P2F-BTz-E were...
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9
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Kuznetsov IE, Anokhin D, Piryazev A, Sideltsev M, Akhkiamova A, Novikov AV, Kurbatov V, Ivanov D, Akkuratov AV. Tailoring the charge transport characteristics in ordered small-molecule organic semiconductors by side-chain engineering and fluorine substitution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16041-16049. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01758j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline and liquid-crystalline conjugated small molecules represent a promising family of semiconductor materials for organic electronics applications. The control of morphology and optoelectronic properties of small molecules allows tuning their...
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10
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Liu B, Rocca D, Yan H, Pan D. Beyond Conformational Control: Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on Molecular Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers. JACS AU 2021; 1:2182-2187. [PMID: 34977889 PMCID: PMC8715487 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic properties of polymers is of great importance in designing highly efficient organic solar cells. Noncovalent intramolecular interactions have been often used for conformational control to enhance the planarity of polymers or molecules, which may reduce band gaps and promote charge transfer. However, it is not known if noncovalent interactions may alter the electronic properties of conjugated polymers through some mechanism other than the conformational control. Here, we studied the effects of various noncovalent interactions, including sulfur-nitrogen, sulfur-oxygen, sulfur-fluorine, oxygen-nitrogen, oxygen-fluorine, and nitrogen-fluorine, on the electronic properties of polymers with planar geometry using unconstrained and constrained density functional theory. We found that the sulfur-nitrogen intramolecular interaction may reduce the band gaps of polymers and enhance the charge transfer more obviously than other noncovalent interactions. Our findings are also consistent with the experimental data. For the first time, our study shows that the sulfur-nitrogen noncovalent interaction may further affect the electronic structure of coplanar conjugated polymers, which cannot be only explained by the enhancement of molecular planarity. Our work suggests a new mechanism to manipulate the electronic properties of polymers to design high-performance small-molecule-polymer and all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dario Rocca
- Université
de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - He Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ding Pan
- Department
of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science
and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST
Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
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11
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Aslan ST, Cevher D, Bolayır E, Hizalan Ozsoy G, Arslan Udum Y, Yıldırım E, Toppare L, Cirpan A. Synthesis of selenophene substituted benzodithiophene and fluorinated benzothiadiazole based conjugated polymers for organic solar cell applications. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Bary G, Ghani L, Jamil MI, Arslan M, Ahmed W, Ahmad A, Sajid M, Ahmad R, Huang D. Designing small organic non-fullerene acceptor molecules with diflorobenzene or quinoline core and dithiophene donor moiety through density functional theory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19683. [PMID: 34608168 PMCID: PMC8490382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-fullerene acceptors A1-A5 with diflourobenzene or quinoline core (bridge) unit, donor cyclopenta[1,2-b:3,4-b']dithiophene unit and 2-(2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile as acceptor unit with additional phenyl, fulvene or thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl 5-oxide groups have been designed through DFT calculations. The optimization of molecular geometries were performed with density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP 6-31G (d,p) level of theory. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies, band gap energies and dipole moments (ground and excited state) have been calculated to probe the photovoltaic properties. The band gap (1.42-2.01 eV) and dipole moment values (5.5-18. Debye) showed that these designed acceptors are good candidates for organic solar cells. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) results showed λmax (wave length at maximum absorption) value (611-837 nm), oscillator strength (f) and excitation energies (1.50-2.02 eV) in gas phase and in CHCl3 solvent (1.48-1.89 eV) using integral equation formalism variant (IEFPCM) model. The λmax in CHCl3 showed marginal red shift for all designed acceptors compared with gas phase absorption. The partial density of states (PDOS) has been plotted by using multiwfn which showed that all the designed molecules have more electronic distribution at the donor moiety and lowest at the central bridge. The reorganization energies of electron (λe) (0.0007 eV to 0.017 eV), and the hole reorganization energy values (0.0003 eV to - 0.0403 eV) were smaller which suggested that higher charged motilities. The blends of acceptors A1-A5 with donor polymer D1 provided open circuit voltage (Voc) and ∆HOMO off-set of the HOMO of donor and acceptors. These blends showed 1.04 to 1.5 eV values of Voc and 0 to 0.38 eV ∆HOMO off set values of the donor-acceptor bends which indicate improved performance of the cell. Finally, the blend of D1-A4 was used for the study of distribution of HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO were found distributed on the donor polymer (D1) while the A4 acceptor was found with LUMO distribution. Based on λmax values, and band gap energies (Eg), excitation energies (Ex), reorganization energies; the A3 and A4 will prove good acceptor molecules for the development of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Bary
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea.
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Duohui Huang
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
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13
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Sun W, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Yang K, Chen H, Cho Y, Fu J, Odunmbaku O, Shah AA, Xiao Z, Lu S, Chen S, Li M, Qin B, Yang C, Frauenheim T, Sun K. Artificial Intelligence Designer for Highly-Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8847-8854. [PMID: 34494851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials purposefully is still challenging and time-consuming. It is of paramount importance in material development to identify basic functional units that play the key roles in material performance and subsequently establish the substructure-property relationship. Herein, we describe an automatic design framework based on an in-house designed La FREMD Fingerprint and machine learning (ML) algorithms for highly efficient OPV donor molecules. The key building blocks are identified, and a library consisting of 18 960 new molecules is generated within this framework. Through investigating the chemical structures of materials with different performance, a guidance on designing efficient OPV materials is proposed. Furthermore, the most promising candidates exhibit a predicted power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of over 15% when combined with acceptor Y6. Density functional theory (DFT) studies show these candidate materials possess exceptional potential for efficient charge carrier transport. The proposed framework demonstrates the ability to design new materials based on the substructure-property relationship built by ML, which provides an alternative methodology for applying ML in new material discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Yujie Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiehao Fu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Akeel A Shah
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science Applied Research (CSAR) Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
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14
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Mahmoudi C, Bulut I, Jing J, Fall S, Heinrich B, Méry S, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Steveler E, Majdoub M, Leclerc N. Regioisomers of Organic Semiconducting Dumbbell‐Shaped Molecules: Synthesis and Structure‐Properties Relationship. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Mahmoudi
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515-CNRS Université de Strasbourg, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir (Université de Monastir), Bd. De l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Bulut
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515-CNRS Université de Strasbourg, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Jiang Jing
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Sadiara Fall
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Emilie Steveler
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS INSA Strasbourg 24 Boulevard de la victoire 67084 France
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir (Université de Monastir), Bd. De l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515-CNRS Université de Strasbourg, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
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15
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Liu M, Tan L, Zhou B, Li L, Mi Z, Li CJ. Group-III Nitrides Catalyzed Transformations of Organic Molecules. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ding Y, Zhao F, Kim S, Wang X, Lu H, Zhang G, Cho K, Qiu L. Azaisoindigo-Based Polymers with a Linear Hybrid Siloxane-Based Side Chain for High-Performance Semiconductors Processable with Nonchlorinated Solvents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41832-41841. [PMID: 32865385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing nonchlorinated solvent-processed polymeric semiconductors to avoid environmental concerns and health hazards caused by chlorinated solvents is especially urgent. Here, a molecular design strategy, composed of backbone fluorination and side chain optimization, is used for preparing high-solubility and high-performance azaisoindigo-based polymers. The effects of different backbones and side chains on the solubility, film crystallinity, molecular stacking, and charge transport properties are mainly investigated. A long linear hybrid siloxane-based chain (C6-Si7) is chosen to improve the solubility, while the incorporation of fluorine (F) is used to enhance the film crystallinity and charge mobility. By optimizing the backbone and side chain, both solubility and charge mobility of the azaisoindigo-based polymer are significantly improved. As a result, PAIIDBFT-Si films processed with toluene, tetrahydrofuran, ether, and alkanes, achieved charge mobilities of 4.14, 3.78, 2.14, and 2.34 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. The current study provides an effective strategy for the design and synthesis of high-performance polymeric semiconductors processed with nonchlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fengsheng Zhao
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongbo Lu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, and Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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17
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Fenta AD, Liao SF, Li SW, Lu CF, Chen CT. Increasing the Fluorine Substituent of Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Terthiophene Copolymers Progressively Narrows the Nanofibrils and Enhances the Efficiency of Fullerene-Based Polymer Photovoltaics. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adane Desta Fenta
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Molecular Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Song-Fu Liao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Syuan-Wei Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Fu Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Ti Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Polyacetylene polyelectrolyte via the non-catalyst polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine using heptafluorobenzyl iodide. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Wang SH, Raja R, Yu SW, Jeng RJ, Chen JC, Rwei SP, Wang L. Highly crystalline two-dimensional copolymer with dominant face-on orientation for high performance polymer solar cells. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Zhao H, Cao L, Huang S, Ma C, Chang Y, Feng K, Zhao LL, Zhao P, Yan X. Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of m-Phenylene-Embedded Cycloparaphenylene Nanorings. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6951-6958. [PMID: 32408749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Five m-phenylene-embedded cycloparaphenylenes m3[9]CPP 1-5 were synthesized by the platinum-mediated cyclooligomerization strategy with high overall yields. The structures of m3[9]CPP 1-3 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compared to [9]CPP, m3[9]CPP 1 caused a significant blueshift in the UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. This result shows that the radial π-conjugation is distorted and partially interrupted. The photophysical properties of m3[9]CPP 1 were further tuned by the introduction of various substituents for m3[9]CPP 2-5. Methoxy group substitution at m-phenylene did not change the photophysical properties significantly. Replacement of m-phenylene by tetrafluoro-m-phenylene achieved a significant blueshift. When the carboxyl group was embedded at m-phenylene or the methoxy group was embedded at p-phenylene, significant redshifts were observed with blue color emission. Theoretical calculations revealed that the decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap in m3[9]CPP 4 and 5 is favorable for the redshift of the fluorescence spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhao Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jarosz T, Stolarczyk A, Glosz K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Copolymers Bearing π-Conjugated Systems and Methods for the Identification of their Structure. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200221112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this review is to summarise the most recent progress in the electrochemical synthesis
of copolymers from conjugated co-monomers. The main approaches to electrochemical copolymerisation
are highlighted and various trends in the development of new copolymer materials and the intended directions
of their applications are explored. The article includes a discussion of various Authors’ approaches to investigate
the structure of the obtained products, indicating the key points of interest and the importance of comprehensive
identification of the products of electrochemical polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Glosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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22
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Elevated Photovoltaic Performance in Medium Bandgap Copolymers Composed of Indacenodi-thieno[3,2- b]thiophene and Benzothiadiazole Subunits by Modulating the π-Bridge. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020368. [PMID: 32046028 PMCID: PMC7077401 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two random conjugated polymers (CPs), namely, PIDTT-TBT and PIDTT-TFBT, in which indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT), 3-octylthiophene, and benzothiadiazole (BT) were in turn utilized as electron-donor (D), π-bridge, and electron-acceptor (A) units, were synthesized to comprehensively analyze the impact of reducing thiophene π-bridge and further fluorination on photostability and photovoltaic performance. Meanwhile, the control polymer PIDTT-DTBT with alternating structure was also prepared for comparison. The broadened and enhanced absorption, down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), more planar molecular geometry thus enhanced the aggregation in the film state, but insignificant impact on aggregation in solution and photostability were found after both reducing thiophene π-bridge in PIDTT-TBT and further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT. Consequently, PIDTT-TBT-based device showed 185% increased PCE of 5.84% profited by synergistically elevated VOC, JSC, and FF than those of its counterpart PIDTT-DTBT, and this improvement was chiefly ascribed to the improved absorption, deepened EHOMO, raised μh and more balanced μh/μe, and optimized morphology of photoactive layer. However, the dropped PCE was observed after further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT, which was mainly restricted by undesired morphology for photoactive layer as a result of strong aggregation even if in the condition of the upshifted VOC. Our preliminary results can demonstrate that modulating the π-bridge in polymer backbone was an effective method with the aim to enhance the performance for solar cell.
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23
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Sousa LE, Coropceanu V, da Silva Filho DA, Sini G. On the Physical Origins of Charge Separation at Donor–Acceptor Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells: Energy Bending versus Energy Disorder. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Evaristo Sousa
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry GroupState University of Goiás 75133‐050 Anápolis Brazil
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and ElectronicsGeorgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332‐0400 USA
| | - Demétrio Antônio da Silva Filho
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, EA 2528University of Cergy‐Pontoise 5 mail Gay‐Lussac 95031 Cergy‐Pontoise Cedex France
- Institute for Advanced StudiesUniversity of Cergy‐Pontoise 1 rue Descartes 95000 Neuville‐sur‐Oise France
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Brasilia 70919‐970 Brasília Brazil
| | - Gjergji Sini
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, EA 2528University of Cergy‐Pontoise 5 mail Gay‐Lussac 95031 Cergy‐Pontoise Cedex France
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24
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Keshtov ML, Kuklin SA, Konstantinov IO, Khokhlov AR, Xie Z, Dou C, Koukaras EN, Suthar R, Sharma GD. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of New Conjugated D‐A Polymers Based on the Same Fluoro‐Benzothiadiazole Acceptor Unit and Different Donor Units. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhaned L Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Serge. A. Kuklin
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Department of Physics of Polymers and Crystals, Faculty of Physics M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR- 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Rakesh Suthar
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur 302031, India
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25
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Leydecker T, Wang ZM, Torricelli F, Orgiu E. Organic-based inverters: basic concepts, materials, novel architectures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7627-7670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The review article covers the materials and techniques employed to fabricate organic-based inverter circuits and highlights their novel architectures, ground-breaking performances and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leydecker
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)
| | - Zhiming M. Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- China
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Department of Information Engineering
- University of Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)
- EMT Center
- Varennes J3X 1S2
- Canada
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26
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Zhang G, Gautam P, Chan JMW. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fluorine-rich ullazines via controlled cycloaromatizations. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of electron-deficient pentafluorosulfanylated ullazines (U1–U10) by sequential electrophilic cycloaromatizations has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Prabhat Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Julian M. W. Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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27
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Zhang F, Yao Z, Guo Y, Li Y, Bergstrand J, Brett CJ, Cai B, Hajian A, Guo Y, Yang X, Gardner JM, Widengren J, Roth SV, Kloo L, Sun L. Polymeric, Cost-Effective, Dopant-Free Hole Transport Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19700-19707. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Bergstrand
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Calvin J. Brett
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquars Backe 18, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
| | | | | | - Xichuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
| | | | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China
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28
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Olla T, Ibraikulov OA, Ferry S, Boyron O, Méry S, Heinrich B, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Leclerc N. Benzothiadiazole Halogenation Impact in Conjugated Polymers, a Comprehensive Study. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Théodore Olla
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
| | - Stéphanie Ferry
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Bat 308F, 43 bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Benoı̂t Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67037, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7515, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France
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29
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Chen Z, Wei X, Huang J, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Pan Y, Yu G. Multisubstituted Azaisoindigo-Based Polymers for High-Mobility Ambipolar Thin-Film Transistors and Inverters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34171-34177. [PMID: 31438674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambipolar semiconducting materials have great potential in complementary-like organic logic circuits. Accessing such logic circuits demands balanced hole and electron mobilities. However, the lack of ambipolar high-mobility polymer semiconductors with balanced charge carrier-transporting properties precludes the rapid development of organic logic circuits. In this context, structural modification of semiconductor materials to enhance the electron/hole transport is of great urgency. Herein, a multifunctionalization strategy is used to achieve this goal. Combined electron-withdrawing moieties involving fluorine and pyridinic nitrogen atoms can not only reduce the frontier molecular orbital energies but also planarize the polymer backbone, demonstrating synergetic effects on the control over the carrier injection process at the metal-semiconductor interface and microstructure-sensitive charge transport in the channel. A balanced ambipolar behavior with electron/hole mobilities of 3.88/3.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed, and complementary-like inverters with high gains of greater than 200 were achieved. Microstructure and thin-film morphology were characterized to further reveal the relationship between device performances and macroscopic observables. This multifunctionalization strategy bodes well for developing new ambipolar semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yankai Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yuchai Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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Drozdov FV, Luponosov YN, Svidchenko EA, Peregudova SM, Dmitryakov PV, Chvalun SN, Ponomarenko SA. Novel conjugated copolymers with dithienyl and cyclopentadithienyl substituted dicyanoethene acceptor blocks. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Hasegawa T, Ashizawa M, Kawauchi S, Masunaga H, Ohta N, Matsumoto H. Fluorination and chlorination effects on quinoxalineimides as an electron-deficient building block for n-channel organic semiconductors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10807-10813. [PMID: 35515293 PMCID: PMC9062530 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The quinoxalineimide (QI) unit, containing the electron-withdrawing quinoxaline and imide groups, is an electron-deficient building block for organic semiconductor materials. In this study, three fluorinated or chlorinated QIs (QI-1F, QI-2F, and QI-2Cl), have been designed and developed. We report the impact of the fluorination or chlorination of the QI unit on the electronic structures and charge carrier transport properties as compared to unsubstituted QI (QI-2H) bearing the same n-hexyl side chains. The frontier molecular orbital energy levels downshifted with the incorporation of fluorine or chlorine atoms onto the π-framework of QI. Single-crystal structure analyses revealed that all QI-based molecules have an entirely planar backbone and are packed into two-dimensional slipped stacks with diagonal electronic coupling that enables two-dimensional charge carrier transport. Notably, the doubly fluorinated or chlorinated QIs formed compact molecular packing in the single-crystal structures through an infinite intermolecular network relative to unsubstituted QI (QI-2H). The field-effect transistor-based QI molecules exhibited typical n-channel transport properties. As compared to unsubstituted QI (QI-2H), the chlorinated QI exhibited improved electron mobilities up to 7.1 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. The threshold voltages of the fluorinated or chlorinated QI devices were clearly smaller than that of QI-2H, which reflects the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the molecules. This study demonstrates that the fluorinated or chlorinated QIs are versatile building blocks in creating n-channel organic semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Sayo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Sayo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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32
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Virtual Screening of Conjugated Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Support Vector Machines and Ensemble Learning. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4538514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report virtual screening of potential semiconductor polymers for high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices using various machine learning algorithms. We particularly focus on support vector machine (SVM) and ensemble learning approaches. We found that the power conversion efficiencies of the device prepared with the polymer candidates can be predicted with their structure fingerprints as the only inputs. In other words, no preliminary knowledge about material properties was required. Additionally, the predictive performance could be further improved by “blending” the results of the SVM and random forest models. The resulting ensemble learning algorithm might open up a new opportunity for more precise, high-throughput virtual screening of conjugated polymers for OPV devices.
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33
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Yu JE, Jeon SJ, Choi JY, Han YW, Ko EJ, Moon DK. A 3-Fluoro-4-hexylthiophene-Based Wide Bandgap Donor Polymer for 10.9% Efficiency Eco-Friendly Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805321. [PMID: 30698922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene organic solar cells (NFOSCs) are attracting increasing academic and industrial interest due to their potential uses for flexible and lightweight products using low-cost roll-to-roll technology. In this work, two wide bandgap (WBG) polymers, namely P(fTh-BDT)-C6 and P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6, are designed and synthesized using benzodithiophene (BDT) derivatives. Good oxidation stability and high solubility are achieved by simultaneously introducing fluorine and alkyl chains to a single thiophene (Th) unit. Solid P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6 films present WBG optical absorption, suitable frontier orbital levels, and strong π-π stacking effects. In addition, P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6 exhibits good solubility in both halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, suggesting its suitability as donor polymer for NFOSCs. The P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6:3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(5-hexylthienyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC-Th) based device processed using chlorobenzene/1,8-diiodooctane (CB/DIO) exhibits a remarkably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.1%. Moreover, P(fTh-2DBDT)-C6:ITIC-Th reaches a high PCE of 10.9% when processed using eco-friendly solvents, such as o-xylene/diphenyl ether (DPE). The cell processed using CB/DIO maintains 100% efficiency after 1272 h, while that processed using o-xylene/DPE presents a 101% increase in efficiency after 768 h and excellent long-term stability. The results of this study demonstrate that simultaneous fluorination and alkylation are effective methods for designing donor polymers appropriate for high-performance NFOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Yu
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Ko
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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34
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Understanding relationship between stacking modes and optical properties of organic charge transfer cocrystals involving anthracyl chalcones and TCNB. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Barłóg M, Kulai I, Ji X, Bhuvanesh N, Dey S, Sliwinski EP, Bazzi HS, Fang L, Al-Hashimi M. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of novel fluorinated di(thiazolyl)benzene derivatives. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 11 novel fluorinated and non-fluorinated di(thiazolyl)benzenes have been synthesized via microwave assisted Stille coupling and characterized using X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Barłóg
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Ihor Kulai
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | | | - Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | | | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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36
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Johnson SN, Ellington TL, Ngo DT, Nevarez JL, Sparks N, Rheingold AL, Watkins DL, Tschumper GS. Probing non-covalent interactions driving molecular assembly in organo-electronic building blocks. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One co-crystal structure characterized to identify and quantify various non-covalent interactions with spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and density functional theory computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Thomas L. Ellington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Jorge L. Nevarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | - Nicholas Sparks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
| | | | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Mississippi
- University
- USA
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37
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Nose K, Noji K, Iyoda T, Sanji T. Synthesis and photophysical properties of water-soluble fluorinated poly(aryleneethynylene)s. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported are the synthesis of water-soluble fluorinated conjugated polymers, and photophysical properties, and fluorescence quenching response to arylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nose
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Innovative and Engineering Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - K. Noji
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Innovative and Engineering Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - T. Iyoda
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Innovative and Engineering Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - T. Sanji
- JST-ERATO Iyoda Supra-Integrated Material Project
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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38
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Lee GS, Shin HJ, Lee SB, Choi H, Kim YH. New Fused Pyrrolopyridine-Based Copolymers for Organic Solar Cell. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800784. [PMID: 30576022 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A fused pyrrolopyridine core having substituents on the nitrogen atom instead of the carbon atom of the indoloindole unit is developed as a new donor unit for organic electronics. The new donor-acceptor copolymers, PDHPHBT, PDHPFBT, and PDHP2FBT, are synthesized using the new donor unit, well-known benzothiadiazole derivatives containing fluorine atoms as the acceptor. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of these novel copolymers are reported. A solar cell using PDHPFBT with diphenyl ether has an open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of 0.86 V, 11.32 mA cm-2 , 0.59%, and 5.68%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2 ) in the absence of annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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39
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Tong J, An L, Lv J, Guo P, Wang X, Yang C, Xia Y. Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance in D-π-A Copolymers Containing Triisopropylsilylethynyl-Substituted Dithienobenzodithiophene by Modulating the Electron-Deficient Units. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E12. [PMID: 30959996 PMCID: PMC6401703 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three alternated D-π-A type 5,10-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT-TIPS)-based semiconducting conjugated copolymers (CPs), PDTBDT-TIPS-DTBT-OD, PDTBDT-TIPS-DTFBT-OD, and PDTBDT-TIPS-DTNT-OD, bearing different A units, including benzothiadiazole (BT), 5,6-difluorinated-BT (FBT) and naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']-bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NT), were designed and synthesized to investigate the impact of the variation in electron-deficient units on the properties of these photovoltaic polymers. It was exhibited that the down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), the enhanced aggregation in both the chlorobenzene solution and the solid film, as well as the better molecular planarity, were achieved using methods involving fluorination and the replacement of BT with NT on the polymer backbone. The absorption profile was little changed upon fluorination; however, it was greatly broadened during replacement of BT with NT. Consequently, the optimized photovoltaic device based on the PDTBDT-TIPS-DTNT-OD exhibited synchronous enhancements in the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, the short-circuit current density (JSC) of 7.21 mA cm-2, and the fill factor (FF) of 52.99%, resulting in a drastic elevation in the PCE by 129% to 3.37% compared to that of the PDTBDT-TIPS-DTBT-OD. This was triggered by PDTBDT-TIPS-DTNT-OD's broadened absorption, deepened EHOMO, improved coplanarity, and enhanced SCLC mobility (which increased 3.9 times), as well as a favorable morphology of the active layer. Unfortunately, the corresponding PCE deteriorated after incorporating fluorine into the BT, due to the oversized aggregation and large phase separation morphology in the blend films, severely impairing its JSC. Our preliminary results demonstrated that the replacement of BT with NT in a D-π-A type polymer backbone was an effective strategy of tuning the molecular structure to achieve highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Lili An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Jie Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Research Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yangjun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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41
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Tatsi E, Spanos M, Katsouras A, Squeo BM, Ibraikulov OA, Zimmermann N, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Leclerc N, Chochos CL. Effect of Aryl Substituents and Fluorine Addition on the Optoelectronic Properties and Organic Solar Cell Performance of a High Efficiency Indacenodithienothiophene-alt
-Quinoxaline π-Conjugated Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Tatsi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Benedetta M. Squeo
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio Patra 26504 Greece
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Zimmermann
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio Patra 26504 Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie; l’Environnement et la Santé; Université de Strasbourg; Ecole Européenne de Chimie; Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio Patra 26504 Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; Institute of Biology; Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
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42
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Más-Montoya M, Li J, Wienk MM, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Effects of fluorination and thermal annealing on charge recombination processes in polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2018; 6:19520-19531. [PMID: 30713689 PMCID: PMC6333271 DOI: 10.1039/c8ta03031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of fluorination on the photovoltaic properties of an alternating conjugated polymer composed of 4,8-di-2-thienylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) and 4,7-bis([2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)-benzo-2-1-3-thiadiazole (4TBT) units in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The unsubstituted and fluorinated polymers afford very similar open-circuit voltages and fill factor values, but the fluorinated polymer performed better due to enhanced aggregation which provides a higher photocurrent. The photovoltaic performance of both materials improved upon thermal annealing at 150-200 °C as a result of a significantly increased fill factor and open-circuit voltage, counteracted by a slight loss in photocurrent. Detailed studies of the morphology, light intensity dependence, external quantum efficiency and electroluminescence allowed the exploration of the effects of fluorination and thermal annealing on the charge recombination and the nature of the donor-acceptor interfacial charge transfer states in these films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Más-Montoya
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Li
- DSM DMSC R&D Solutions , P.O. Box 18 , 6160 MD Geleen , The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research , De Zaale 20 , 5612 AJ Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
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Azmi R, Lee UH, Wibowo FTA, Eom SH, Yoon SC, Jang SY, Jung IH. Performance Improvement in Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells by Molecular Engineering of Porphyrin-Based Hole Transport Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35404-35410. [PMID: 30234957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin derivatives have recently emerged as hole transport layers (HTLs) because of their electron-rich characteristics. Although several successes with porphyrin-based HTLs have been recently reported, achieving excellent solar cell performance, the chances to improve this further by molecular engineering are still open. In this work, Zn porphyrin (PZn)-based HTLs were developed by conjugating fluorinated triphenylamine (FTPA) wings at the perimeter of the PZn core for low-temperature perovskite solar cells (L-PSCs). The fluorinated PZn-HTLs (PZn-2FTPA and PZn-3FTPA) exhibited superior HTL properties compared to the nonfluorinated one (PZn-TPA). Moreover, their deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels were beneficial for boosting open-circuit voltages, and their enhanced face-on stacking improved the hole transport properties. The L-PSC using PZn-2FTPA achieved the highest performance of 18.85%. Thus far, this result is one of the highest reported power conversion efficiencies among the PSCs using porphyrin-based HTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Azmi
- Department of Chemistry , Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707 , Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Hak Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Febrian Tri Adhi Wibowo
- Department of Chemistry , Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Kookmin University , 77 Jeongneung-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707 , Republic of Korea
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44
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Electron-deficient 1,2,7,8-tetraazaperylene derivative: Efficient synthesis and copolymerization. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Hashimoto S, Kayahara E, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Yamago S. Synthesis and Physical Properties of Polyfluorinated Cycloparaphenylenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5973-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sigma Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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46
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Ragni R, Punzi A, Babudri F, Farinola GM. Organic and Organometallic Fluorinated Materials for Electronics and Optoelectronics: A Survey on Recent Research. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ragni
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Angela Punzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Babudri
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluca Maria Farinola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
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47
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Zhong Y, Biniek L, Leclerc N, Ferry S, Brinkmann M. Segregated versus Disordered Stacking in Two Low Bandgap Alternated Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Impact of Polymorphism on Optical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhong
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Laure Biniek
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Cedex 2 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Ferry
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, Cedex 2 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
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48
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Li M, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang L, Song J, Bo Z, Wang H. Facile Synthesis of the O-Functionalized Ladder-Type Dipyran Building Block and Its Application in Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13931-13940. [PMID: 29630335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new centrosymmetrical dipyran unit (DTDP) is successfully prepared by means of an efficient and universal way, and a series of PDTDP polymers have been prepared so as to assess their potential application in organic photovoltaic. The function of pyran moiety is not merely limited to tune the electron-donating roles and energy levels but it also contributes to solubility improvement. Interestingly, all pyran-based polymers displayed wide absorption ranging from 350 to 780 nm, but varied aggregation phenomena are observed. Furthermore, the quantum chemistry calculations for dimers, morphology study and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis for blend films have been utilized to understand the variations at photovoltaic performances. Finally, PDTDP-4 achieved the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.26% ( Voc = 0.72 V, FF = 0.66, and Jsc = 15.30 mA/cm2), demonstrating promising usage for high-efficiency polymer donors in polymer solar cells. In all, not only a promising dipyran building block is provided by this study, more dipyran derivatives and polymers could be prepared via this facile synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Yijing Guo
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lisi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
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49
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Imiołek M, Karunanithy G, Ng WL, Baldwin AJ, Gouverneur V, Davis BG. Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Native Residues in Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1568-1571. [PMID: 29301396 PMCID: PMC5806083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorine can not only significantly facilitate the study of proteins but also potentially modulate their function. Though some biosynthetic methods allow global residue-replacement, post-translational fluorine incorporation would constitute a fast and efficient alternative. Here, we reveal a mild method for direct protein radical trifluoromethylation at native residues as a strategy for symmetric-multifluorine incorporation on mg scales with high recoveries. High selectivity toward tryptophan residues enhanced the utility of this direct trifluoromethylation technique allowing ready study of fluorinated protein constructs using 19F-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Imiołek
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Gogulan Karunanithy
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Wai-Lung Ng
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Baldwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
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50
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Fei Z, Eisner FD, Jiao X, Azzouzi M, Röhr JA, Han Y, Shahid M, Chesman ASR, Easton CD, McNeill CR, Anthopoulos TD, Nelson J, Heeney M. An Alkylated Indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-Based Nonfullerene Acceptor with High Crystallinity Exhibiting Single Junction Solar Cell Efficiencies Greater than 13% with Low Voltage Losses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705209. [PMID: 29315933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic route, to prepare an alkylated indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based nonfullerene acceptor (C8-ITIC), is reported. Compared to the reported ITIC with phenylalkyl side chains, the new acceptor C8-ITIC exhibits a reduction in the optical band gap, higher absorptivity, and an increased propensity to crystallize. Accordingly, blends with the donor polymer PBDB-T exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 12.4%. Further improvements in efficiency are found upon backbone fluorination of the donor polymer to afford the novel material PFBDB-T. The resulting blend with C8-ITIC shows an impressive PCE up to 13.2% as a result of the higher open-circuit voltage. Electroluminescence studies demonstrate that backbone fluorination reduces the energy loss of the blends, with PFBDB-T/C8-ITIC-based cells exhibiting a small energy loss of 0.6 eV combined with a high JSC of 19.6 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuping Fei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Flurin D Eisner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jason A Röhr
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Munazza Shahid
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anthony S R Chesman
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratories, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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