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Liu Q, Peng C, Schneider R, Cyr D, Liu Z, Zhou X, Du M, Li P, Jiang Z, McDowell NG, Kneeshaw D. Vegetation browning: global drivers, impacts, and feedbacks. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1014-1032. [PMID: 37087358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global climate conditions continue to change, disturbance regimes and environmental drivers will continue to shift, impacting global vegetation dynamics. Following a period of vegetation greening, there has been a progressive increase in remotely sensed vegetation browning globally. Given the many societal benefits that forests provide, it is critical that we understand vegetation dynamic alterations. Here, we review associative drivers, impacts, and feedbacks, revealing the complexity of browning. Concomitant increases in browning include the weakening of ecosystem services and functions and alterations to vegetation structure and species composition, as well as the development of potential positive climate change feedbacks. Also discussed are the current challenges in browning detection and understanding associated impacts and feedbacks. Finally, we outline recommended strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Robert Schneider
- University of Quebec at Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, Quebec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Dominic Cyr
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 St-Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zelin Liu
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingxi Du
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada
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2
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Watts JD, Farina M, Kimball JS, Schiferl LD, Liu Z, Arndt KA, Zona D, Ballantyne A, Euskirchen ES, Parmentier FJW, Helbig M, Sonnentag O, Tagesson T, Rinne J, Ikawa H, Ueyama M, Kobayashi H, Sachs T, Nadeau DF, Kochendorfer J, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Virkkala A, Aurela M, Commane R, Byrne B, Birch L, Johnson MS, Madani N, Rogers B, Du J, Endsley A, Savage K, Poulter B, Zhang Z, Bruhwiler LM, Miller CE, Goetz S, Oechel WC. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1870-1889. [PMID: 36647630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Farina
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - John S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Luke D Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kyle A Arndt
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Global Climate and Ecology Laboratory, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Helbig
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kobayashi
- JAMSTEC-Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel F Nadeau
- Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Kochendorfer
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric and Turbulent Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anna Virkkala
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roisin Commane
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Brendan Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brendan Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Arthur Endsley
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori M Bruhwiler
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Miller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Scott Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Walter C Oechel
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Distribution and Attribution of Earlier Start of the Growing Season over the Northern Hemisphere from 2001–2018. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14132964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The start of the growing season (SOS) is a vital ecological indicator for climate change and the terrestrial ecosystem. Previous studies have reported that the SOS over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) has experienced remarkable changes in the past few decades. However, because of the different spatial and temporal coverages of existing SOS studies, a coherent and robust account for SOS changes in the NH has been lacking. Using satellite-retrieved vegetation-phenology datasets, ground observations, and several auxiliary datasets, this study evaluated the performance of the latest MODIS vegetation-dynamics dataset (MCD12Q2-C6) and explored the distribution and attribution of the SOS to climate change over the NH for the period 2001–2018. The validation results using the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) and Lilac-leafing observations (Lilac) displayed that the MCD12Q2-C6 has a good performance in SOS monitoring over the NH mid-latitudes. Meanwhile, evidence from MCD12Q2-C6 pointed out that the SOS was advanced by 2.08 days on average over the NH during 2001–2018, especially for Europe, China, and Alaska, United States. In addition, detailed-sensitivity analysis showed that the increased surface air temperature (Ts) (−1.21 ± 0.34 days °C−1) and reduced snow-cover fraction (Sc) (0.62 ± 0.29 days%−1) were the key driving factors of the observed SOS changes over the NH during 2001–2018. Compared with Ts and Sc, the role of total precipitation (Pt) was minor in dominating the spring vegetation-phenology changes at the same period. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the responses of SOS to the competing changes of Ts, Pt, and Sc over the NH.
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4
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Rogers A, Serbin SP, Way DA. Reducing model uncertainty of climate change impacts on high latitude carbon assimilation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1222-1247. [PMID: 34689389 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic-Boreal Region (ABR) has a large impact on global vegetation-atmosphere interactions and is experiencing markedly greater warming than the rest of the planet, a trend that is projected to continue with anticipated future emissions of CO2 . The ABR is a significant source of uncertainty in estimates of carbon uptake in terrestrial biosphere models such that reducing this uncertainty is critical for more accurately estimating global carbon cycling and understanding the response of the region to global change. Process representation and parameterization associated with gross primary productivity (GPP) drives a large amount of this model uncertainty, particularly within the next 50 years, where the response of existing vegetation to climate change will dominate estimates of GPP for the region. Here we review our current understanding and model representation of GPP in northern latitudes, focusing on vegetation composition, phenology, and physiology, and consider how climate change alters these three components. We highlight challenges in the ABR for predicting GPP, but also focus on the unique opportunities for advancing knowledge and model representation, particularly through the combination of remote sensing and traditional boots-on-the-ground science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rogers
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Lin X, Rogers BM, Sweeney C, Chevallier F, Arshinov M, Dlugokencky E, Machida T, Sasakawa M, Tans P, Keppel-Aleks G. Siberian and temperate ecosystems shape Northern Hemisphere atmospheric CO 2 seasonal amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21079-21087. [PMID: 32817563 PMCID: PMC7474631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914135117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle has increased by 30 to 50% in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) since the 1960s, suggesting widespread ecological changes in the northern extratropics. However, substantial uncertainty remains in the continental and regional drivers of this prominent amplitude increase. Here we present a quantitative regional attribution of CO2 seasonal amplification over the past 4 decades, using a tagged atmospheric transport model prescribed with observationally constrained fluxes. We find that seasonal flux changes in Siberian and temperate ecosystems together shape the observed amplitude increases in the NH. At the surface of northern high latitudes, enhanced seasonal carbon exchange in Siberia is the dominant contributor (followed by temperate ecosystems). Arctic-boreal North America shows much smaller changes in flux seasonality and has only localized impacts. These continental contrasts, based on an atmospheric approach, corroborate heterogeneous vegetation greening and browning trends from field and remote-sensing observations, providing independent evidence for regionally divergent ecological responses and carbon dynamics to global change drivers. Over surface midlatitudes and throughout the midtroposphere, increased seasonal carbon exchange in temperate ecosystems is the dominant contributor to CO2 amplification, albeit with considerable contributions from Siberia. Representing the mechanisms that control the high-latitude asymmetry in flux amplification found in this study should be an important goal for mechanistic land surface models moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | | | - Colm Sweeney
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives-CNRS-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mikhail Arshinov
- Vladimir Evseevich Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Edward Dlugokencky
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Toshinobu Machida
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Motoki Sasakawa
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Pieter Tans
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Gretchen Keppel-Aleks
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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6
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Climate Change Affected Vegetation Dynamics in the Northern Xinjiang of China: Evaluation by SPEI and NDVI. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought and vegetation dynamics in the northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (NXC), the centre of Asia with arid climate, were assessed using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Analyses were performed through the use of Sen’s method and Spearman’s correlation to investigate variations in the NDVI and the impacts of drought on vegetation from 1998 to 2015. The severity of droughts in the NXC was assessed by the SPEI, which was revealed to increase over the last 60 years at a rate of 0.017 per decade. This indicates that an alleviating tendency of drought intensity occurred in the NXC. Specifically, the spatial pattern of drought intensity increased gradually from the north-western to south-eastern regions. The average yearly NDVI was 0.28 and increased slightly by 0.001 yr−1 (r = 0.94, p = 3.64) between 1998 and 2015. Additionally, the NDVI showed an obviously spatial heterogeneity, with greater values in the west and small values in the east. Significantly, positive correlations between SPEI and NDVI were observed, while drought exerted a five-year lag effect on vegetation.
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7
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Wang X, Ciais P, Wang Y, Zhu D. Divergent response of seasonally dry tropical vegetation to climatic variations in dry and wet seasons. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4709-4717. [PMID: 29851198 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interannual variations of photosynthesis in tropical seasonally dry vegetation are one of the dominant drivers to interannual variations of atmospheric CO2 growth rate. Yet, the seasonal differences in the response of photosynthesis to climate variations in these ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we explored the response of photosynthesis of seasonally dry tropical vegetation to climatic variations in the dry and the wet seasons during the past three decades. We found significant (p < 0.01) differences between dry and wet seasons in the interannual response of photosynthesis to temperature (γint ) and to precipitation (δint ). γint is ~1% °C-1 more negative and δint is ~8% 100 mm-1 more positive in the dry season than in the wet season. Further analyses show that the seasonal difference in γint can be explained by background moisture and temperature conditions. Positive γint occurred in wet season where mean temperature is lower than 27°C and precipitation is at least 60 mm larger than potential evapotranspiration. Two widely used Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) estimates (empirical modeling by machine-learning algorithm applied to flux tower measurements, and nine process-based carbon cycle models) were examined for the GPP-climate relationship over wet and dry seasons. The GPP derived from empirical modeling can partly reproduce the divergence of γint , while most process models cannot. The overestimate by process models on negative impacts by warmer temperature during the wet season highlights the shortcomings of current carbon cycle models in representing interactive impacts of temperature and moisture on photosynthesis. Improving representations on soil water uptake, leaf temperature, nitrogen cycling, and soil moisture may help improve modeling skills in reproducing seasonal differences of photosynthesis-climate relationship and thus the projection for impacts of climate change on tropical carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yilong Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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8
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Rogers BM, Solvik K, Hogg EH, Ju J, Masek JG, Michaelian M, Berner LT, Goetz SJ. Detecting early warning signals of tree mortality in boreal North America using multiscale satellite data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2284-2304. [PMID: 29481709 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing tree mortality from global change drivers such as drought and biotic infestations is a widespread phenomenon, including in the boreal zone where climate changes and feedbacks to the Earth system are relatively large. Despite the importance for science and management communities, our ability to forecast tree mortality at landscape to continental scales is limited. However, two independent information streams have the potential to inform and improve mortality forecasts: repeat forest inventories and satellite remote sensing. Time series of tree-level growth patterns indicate that productivity declines and related temporal dynamics often precede mortality years to decades before death. Plot-level productivity, in turn, has been related to satellite-based indices such as the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Here we link these two data sources to show that early warning signals of mortality are evident in several NDVI-based metrics up to 24 years before death. We focus on two repeat forest inventories and three NDVI products across western boreal North America where productivity and mortality dynamics are influenced by periodic drought. These data sources capture a range of forest conditions and spatial resolution to highlight the sensitivity and limitations of our approach. Overall, results indicate potential to use satellite NDVI for early warning signals of mortality. Relationships are broadly consistent across inventories, species, and spatial resolutions, although the utility of coarse-scale imagery in the heterogeneous aspen parkland was limited. Longer-term NDVI data and annually remeasured sites with high mortality levels generate the strongest signals, although we still found robust relationships at sites remeasured at a typical 5 year frequency. The approach and relationships developed here can be used as a basis for improving forest mortality models and monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward H Hogg
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Junchang Ju
- Biospheric Science Laboratory (Code 618), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Masek
- Biospheric Science Laboratory (Code 618), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Michael Michaelian
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Logan T Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Scott J Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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9
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Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Wetland Vegetation in the Dunhuang Yangguan National Nature Reserve in Northwest China Using Landsat Derived NDVI. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Wang T, Guo H, Liu D, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Liu Q, Piao S. Disentangling the mechanisms behind winter snow impact on vegetation activity in northern ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1651-1662. [PMID: 28994227 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although seasonal snow is recognized as an important component in the global climate system, the ability of snow to affect plant production remains an important unknown for assessing climate change impacts on vegetation dynamics at high-latitude ecosystems. Here, we compile data on satellite observation of vegetation greenness and spring onset date, satellite-based soil moisture, passive microwave snow water equivalent (SWE) and climate data to show that winter SWE can significantly influence vegetation greenness during the early growing season (the period between spring onset date and peak photosynthesis timing) over nearly one-fifth of the land surface in the region north of 30 degrees, but the magnitude and sign of correlation exhibits large spatial heterogeneity. We then apply an assembled path model to disentangle the two main processes (via changing early growing-season soil moisture, and via changing the growth period) in controlling the impact of winter SWE on vegetation greenness, and suggest that the "moisture" and "growth period" effect, to a larger extent, result in positive and negative snow-productivity associations, respectively. The magnitude and sign of snow-productivity association is then dependent upon the relative dominance of these two processes, with the "moisture" effect and positive association predominating in Central, western North America and Greater Himalaya, and the "growth period" effect and negative association in Central Europe. We also indicate that current state-of-the-art models in general reproduce satellite-based snow-productivity relationship in the region north of 30 degrees, and do a relatively better job of capturing the "moisture" effect than the "growth period" effect. Our results therefore work towards an improved understanding of winter snow impact on vegetation greenness in northern ecosystems, and provide a mechanistic basis for more realistic terrestrial carbon cycle models that consider the impacts of winter snow processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Huang M, Piao S, Janssens IA, Zhu Z, Wang T, Wu D, Ciais P, Myneni RB, Peaucelle M, Peng S, Yang H, Peñuelas J. Velocity of change in vegetation productivity over northern high latitudes. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1649-1654. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Exploring Long Term Spatial Vegetation Trends in Taiwan from AVHRR NDVI3g Dataset Using RDA and HCA Analyses. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Changes in Growing Season Vegetation and Their Associated Driving Forces in China during 2001–2012. REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs71115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhu L, Southworth J, Meng J. Comparison of the driving forces of spring phenology among savanna landscapes by including combined spatial and temporal heterogeneity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:1373-1384. [PMID: 25542243 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding spatial and temporal dynamics of land surface phenology (LSP) and its driving forces are critical for providing information relevant to short- and long-term decision making, particularly as it relates to climate response planning. With the third generation Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS3g) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data and environmental data from multiple sources, we investigated the spatio-temporal changes in the start of the growing season (SOS) in southern African savannas from 1982 through 2010 and determined its linkage to environmental factors using spatial panel data models. Overall, the SOS occurs earlier in the north compared to the south. This relates in part to the differences in ecosystems, with northern areas representing high rainfall and dense tree cover (mainly tree savannas), whereas the south has lower rainfall and sparse tree cover (mainly bush and grass savannas). From 1982 to 2010, an advanced trend was observed predominantly in the tree savanna areas of the north, whereas a delayed trend was chiefly found in the floodplain of the north and bush/grass savannas of the south. Different environmental drivers were detected within tree- and grass-dominated savannas, with a critical division being represented by the 800 mm isohyet. Our results supported the importance of water as a driver in this water-limited system, specifically preseason soil moisture, in determining the SOS in these water-limited, grass-dominated savannas. In addition, the research pointed to other, often overlooked, effects of preseason maximum and minimum temperatures on the SOS across the entire region. Higher preseason maximum temperatures led to an advance of the SOS, whereas the opposite effects of preseason minimum temperature were observed. With the rapid increase in global change research, this work will prove helpful for managing savanna landscapes and key to predicting how projected climate changes will affect regional vegetation phenology and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Zhu
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117315, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Jane Southworth
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117315, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Jijun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Forkel M, Migliavacca M, Thonicke K, Reichstein M, Schaphoff S, Weber U, Carvalhais N. Codominant water control on global interannual variability and trends in land surface phenology and greenness. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3414-35. [PMID: 25882036 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the relative importance of climatic and other environmental controls on the interannual variability and trends in global land surface phenology and greenness is challenging. Firstly, quantifications of land surface phenology and greenness dynamics are impaired by differences between satellite data sets and phenology detection methods. Secondly, dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) that can be used to diagnose controls still reveal structural limitations and contrasting sensitivities to environmental drivers. Thus, we assessed the performance of a new developed phenology module within the LPJmL (Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Lands) DGVM with a comprehensive ensemble of three satellite data sets of vegetation greenness and ten phenology detection methods, thereby thoroughly accounting for observational uncertainties. The improved and tested model allows us quantifying the relative importance of environmental controls on interannual variability and trends of land surface phenology and greenness at regional and global scales. We found that start of growing season interannual variability and trends are in addition to cold temperature mainly controlled by incoming radiation and water availability in temperate and boreal forests. Warming-induced prolongations of the growing season in high latitudes are dampened by a limited availability of light. For peak greenness, interannual variability and trends are dominantly controlled by water availability and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) in all regions. Stronger greening trends in boreal forests of Siberia than in North America are associated with a stronger increase in water availability from melting permafrost soils. Our findings emphasize that in addition to cold temperatures, water availability is a codominant control for start of growing season and peak greenness trends at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Forkel
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Earth System Analysis, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sibyll Schaphoff
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Earth System Analysis, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Li Z, Zhou T, Zhao X, Huang K, Gao S, Wu H, Luo H. Assessments of Drought Impacts on Vegetation in China with the Optimal Time Scales of the Climatic Drought Index. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:7615-34. [PMID: 26184243 PMCID: PMC4515678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120707615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought is expected to increase in frequency and severity due to global warming, and its impacts on vegetation are typically extensively evaluated with climatic drought indices, such as multi-scalar Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We analyzed the covariation between the SPEIs of various time scales and the anomalies of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), from which the vegetation type-related optimal time scales were retrieved. The results indicated that the optimal time scales of needle-leaved forest, broadleaf forest and shrubland were between 10 and 12 months, which were considerably longer than the grassland, meadow and cultivated vegetation ones (2 to 4 months). When the optimal vegetation type-related time scales were used, the SPEI could better reflect the vegetation’s responses to water conditions, with the correlation coefficients between SPEIs and NDVI anomalies increased by 5.88% to 28.4%. We investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics of drought and quantified the different responses of vegetation growth to drought during the growing season (April–October). The results revealed that the frequency of drought has increased in the 21st century with the drying trend occurring in most of China. These results are useful for ecological assessments and adapting management steps to mitigate the impact of drought on vegetation. They are helpful to employ water resources more efficiently and reduce potential damage to human health caused by water shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Kaicheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China.
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Drought Variability and Land Degradation in Semiarid Regions: Assessment Using Remote Sensing Data and Drought Indices (1982–2011). REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70404391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Zhu L, Meng J. Determining the relative importance of climatic drivers on spring phenology in grassland ecosystems of semi-arid areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:237-248. [PMID: 25487765 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding climate controls on spring phenology in grassland ecosystems is critically important in predicting the impacts of future climate change on grassland productivity and carbon storage. The third-generation Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS3g) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were applied to derive the start of the growing season (SOS) from 1982-2010 in grassland ecosystems of Ordos, a typical semi-arid area in China. Then, the conditional Granger causality method was utilized to quantify the directed functional connectivity between key climatic drivers and the SOS. The results show that the asymmetric Gaussian (AG) function is better in reducing noise of NDVI time series than the double logistic (DL) function within our study area. The southeastern Ordos has earlier occurrence and lower variability of the SOS, whereas the northwestern Ordos has later occurrence and higher variability of the SOS. The research also reveals that spring precipitation has stronger causal connectivity with the SOS than other climatic factors over different grassland ecosystem types. There is no statistically significant trend across the study area, while the similar pattern is observed for spring precipitation. Our study highlights the link of spring phenology with different grassland types, and the use of coupling remote sensing and econometric tools. With the dramatic increase in global change research, Granger causality method augurs well for further development and application of time-series modeling of complex social-ecological systems at the intersection of remote sensing and landscape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Zhu
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, 3141 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,
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Trends in the Start of the Growing Season in Fennoscandia 1982–2011. REMOTE SENSING 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/rs5094304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Evaluating and Quantifying the Climate-Driven Interannual Variability in Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) at Global Scales. REMOTE SENSING 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/rs5083918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Disentangling the Relationships between Net Primary Production and Precipitation in Southern Africa Savannas Using Satellite Observations from 1982 to 2010. REMOTE SENSING 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/rs5083803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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