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Alqhtani AH, Al Sulaiman AR, Abudabos AE. Evaluating the effectiveness of Toxfin and Novasil as dietary aflatoxin-binding agents in broilers for sustaining hepatic antioxidant capacity and intestinal health status during aflatoxin B 1 exposure. Mycotoxin Res 2024:10.1007/s12550-024-00567-w. [PMID: 39367956 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of Toxfin and Novasil as aflatoxin-binding agents in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from 11 to 30 days, 288 mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to four dietary groups: control feed, control feed + 0.25 mg/kg AFB1, AFB1 feed + 0.3% Toxfin, and AFB1 feed + 0.3% Novasil. The evaluation encompassed growth performance for the grower (11-20 days), finisher (21-30 days), and overall (11-30 days) phases, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical components, liver function enzymes, hepatic antioxidant capacity, AFB1 residue in the liver and kidney, and ileal morphology at 30 days, and apparent nutrient digestibility during 29-30 days. Exposure to AFB1 significantly resulted in reduced growth efficiency, lowered carcass yields, liver hypertrophy, impaired metabolic and hepatic functions, liver oxidative stress, disrupted ileum architecture, diminished nutrient digestibility, and accumulated AFB1 in the liver and kidney. Conversely, supplementation of Toxfin or Novasil significantly augmented body weight gain (BWG) and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the finisher and overall phases, elevated BWG in the grower phase, heightened levels of glucose, hepatic protein, and glutathione peroxidase, declined malondialdehyde content, improved apparent metabolizable energy, and lowered AFB1 residues in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, Toxfin inclusion significantly reduced FCR during the grower phase, enhanced European production efficiency factor during the grower and overall phases, augmented dressing percentage, declined proportional liver weight, elevated concentrations of total protein, albumin, and total antioxidant capacity, heightened villus surface area, and boosted crude protein digestibility. To conclude, incorporating 0.3% Toxfin into broilers' feeds confers a more effectual safeguard than Novasil against the deleterious consequences of AFB1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R Al Sulaiman
- Environmental Protection Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala E Abudabos
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, Lorman, MS, 39096-7500, USA.
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Jia R, Tian S, Yang Z, Lu S, Wang L, Zhang G. The mitigative role of novel aflatoxin-degrading enzymes in diverse broiler performance indicators and gut microbiota following the consumption of diets contaminated with aflatoxins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7441-7453. [PMID: 38738519 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore both the toxic effects of aflatoxins (AFs) and the protective effects of degrading enzymes (DE) on broilers exposed to AFs. RESULTS The findings reveal that a diet contaminated with 69.15 μg kg-1 of aflatoxin B1 had significant adverse effects on broilers. Specifically, it led to a reduction in average daily gain, dressed yield percentage, half-eviscerated yield with giblet yield percentage, eviscerated yield percentage, as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activity and liver SOD activity (P < 0.05). Conversely, the diet increased the feed conversion ratio, liver index, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels and malondialdehyde levels in both serum and liver (P < 0.05). Additionally, AFs disrupted the intestinal microflora significantly (P < 0.05), altering the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Escherichia in broiler jejunum. The addition of DE to AF-contaminated feed mitigated these negative effects and reduced the residues of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin M1 in the liver and duodenum (P < 0.05). We also observed that broilers fed the diet pelleted at 80 °C exhibited improved dressing percentage and water holding capacity compared to those on the 75 °C diet. CONCLUSION In summary, DE serves as an effective feed additive for mitigating AF contamination in poultry production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Senmiao Tian
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaofeng Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Simeng Lu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Ye Z, Ji B, Peng Y, Song J, Zhao T, Wang Z. Screening and Characterization of Probiotics Isolated from Traditional Fermented Products of Ethnic-Minorities in Northwest China and Evaluation Replacing Antibiotics Breeding Effect in Broiler. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:275-295. [PMID: 39213263 PMCID: PMC11398283 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Lactobacillus fermentum DM7-6 (DM7-6), Lactobacillus plantarum DM9-7 (DM9-7), and Bacillus subtilis YF9-4 (YF9-4) were isolated from traditional fermented products. The survival rate of DM7-6, DM9-7, and YF9-4 in simulated intestinal gastric fluid reached 61.29%, 44.82%, and 55.26%, respectively. These strains had inhibition ability against common pathogens, and the inhibition zone diameters were more than 7 mm. Antioxidant tests showed these strains had good scavenging capacity for superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and DPPH, and the total reduction capacity reached 65%. Then DM7-6, DM9-7 and YF9-4 were fed to broilers to study the effects on antioxidant capacity, immune response, biochemical indices, tissue morphology, and gut microbiota. 180 healthy broilers were allocated randomly into six experimental groups. SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC in broilers serum were detected, and the results showed probiotics significantly improve antioxidant capacity compared to CK group, while antibiotics showed the opposite result. Besides, IgA, IgM, IgG, TNF-α, and IL-2 indicated it could significantly improve immunity by adding probiotics in broilers diets. However, antibiotics reduced immunoglobulin levels and enhanced inflammation index. Biochemical indicators and tissue morphology showed probiotics had a protective effect on metabolic organs. Gut microbiota analysis proved antibiotics could significantly decrease microbial community diversity and increase the proportion of opportunistic pathogens, while probiotics could improve the diversity of gut microbiota and promote the colonization of beneficial microorganisms. In summary, probiotics DM7-6, DM9-7, and YF9-4 can improve the broiler's health by improving antioxidant capacity and immune function, regulating gut microbiota, and can be used as alternative probiotics for antibiotics-free breeding of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ye
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application of Gansu Province, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Godoy AC, Ziemniczak HM, Fantini-Hoag L, da Silva WV, Ferreira ACV, Saturnino KC, Neu DH, Gandra JR, de Padua Pereira U, Honorato CA. The effects of probiotic-based additives on aflatoxin intoxication in Piaractus mesopotamicus: a study of liver histology and metabolic performance. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2281-2294. [PMID: 38739261 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, produced by fungi, can contaminate fish food and harm their health. Probiotics enhance immune balance and primarily function in the animal intestine. This study aimed to assess aflatoxin's impact on Piaractus mesopotamicus and explore probiotic-based additive (PBA) benefits in mitigating these effects, focusing on antioxidant activity, biochemical indices, and hepatic histopathology. Two experiments were conducted using P. mesopotamicus fry. The first experimental assay tested various levels of aflatoxin B1 (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, and 400.0 µg kg-1) over a 10-day period. The second experimental assay examined the efficacy of the probiotic (supplemented at 0.20%) in diets with different levels of aflatoxin B1 (0.0, 25.0, and 400.0 µg kg-1) for 15 days. At the end of each assay, the fish underwent a 24-hour fasting period, and the survival rate was recorded. Six liver specimens from each treatment group were randomly selected for metabolic indicator assays, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin. Additionally, histopathological analysis was performed on six specimens. The initial study discovered that inclusion rates above 25.0 µg kg-1 resulted in decreased activity of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), ALB (albumin), CAT (catalase), and SOD (superoxide dismutase), accompanied by liver histopathological lesions. In the second study, the inclusion of PBA in diets contaminated with AFB1 improved the activity of AST and ALT up to 25.0 µg kg-1 of AFB1, with no histopathological lesions observed. The study demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of PBA in diets contaminated with AFB1. The enzyme activity and hepatic histopathology were maintained, indicating a reduction in damage caused by high concentrations of AFB1 (400.0 µg kg-1 of AFB1). The adverse effects of AFB1 on biochemical and histopathological parameters were observed from 25.0 µg kg-1 onwards. Notably, PBA supplementation enhanced enzymatic activity at a concentration of 25 µg kg-1 of AFB1 and mitigated the effects at 400.0 µg kg-1 of AFB1. The use of PBAs in pacu diets is highly recommended as they effectively neutralize the toxic effects of AFB1 when added to diets containing 25.0 µg kg-1 AFB1. Dietary inclusion of aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25.0 µg kg-1 adversely affects the liver of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pacu). However, the addition of a probiotic-based additive (PBA) to the diets containing this concentration of aflatoxin neutralized its toxic effects. Therefore, the study recommends the use of PBAs in Pacu diets to mitigate the adverse effects of aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cesar Godoy
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, 79804970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Henrique M Ziemniczak
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, 79804970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leticia Fantini-Hoag
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Science, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, 36849, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Welinton V da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, 79804970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Annye C V Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, 79804970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Klaus C Saturnino
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agrário e Regional Quadra Sete (Fl.31), Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste Do Pará, Rua Nova Marabá, 68507590, Marabá, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dacley H Neu
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, 79804970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeferson R Gandra
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agrário, Universidade Federal de Jataí, BR 364 km 195, Setor Parque Industrial nº 3800, 75801615, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ulisses de Padua Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid 445 Km, 86057970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Claucia A Honorato
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados - Itahum, km 12, 79804970, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Li G, Wang H, Yang J, Qiu Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Yan H, He D. The protective effects of Lactobacillus SNK-6 on growth, organ health, and intestinal function in geese exposed to low concentration Aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103904. [PMID: 38880050 PMCID: PMC11228886 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin present in feed ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) on the Landes geese exposed to AFB1. The 300 one-day-old Landes geese were randomly divided into five groups: The control group received a basic diet, while the other groups were fed a basic diet supplemented with 10 μg/kg AFB1, 10 μg/kg AFB1+ 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius, 50 μg/kg AFB1, and 50 μg/kg AFB1 + 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius for 63 d. Results showed that high level AFB1 exposure significantly decreased final BW and ADG, increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) and liver index (P < 0.05). L. salivarius improved levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 under low level of AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05), along with similar trends observed in serum IgA, IgG, IgM, T3, T4, TNF-ɑ, and EDT (P < 0.05). AFB1 exposure reduced jejunum villus high and villus high/crypt depth ratio, and suppressed expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 mRNA, and significant improved with L. salivarius supplementation under low level AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05). AFB1 significantly increased expression levels of TLR3 and NF-kB1, with supplementation of L. salivarius showing significant improvement under low AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05). Cecal microbiota sequencing revealed that under low level AFB1 exposure, supplementation with L. salivarius increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactococcus. In summary, supplementation with 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius under 10 μg/kg AFB1 exposure improved growth performance and immune capacity, enhanced jejunum morphology, reduced liver inflammation, altered the cecal microbial structure, and positively affected the growth and development of geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agricultural Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhi Qiu
- Institute for Agricultural Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China.
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Qiu Z, Wang H, Li G, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang J, Wang X, He D. Lactobacillus salivarius Ameliorates AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in Geese. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116574. [PMID: 38875822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is commonly found in feed ingredients and foods all over the world, posing a significant threat to food safety and public health in animals and humans. Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) was recorded to improve the intestinal health and performance of chickens. However, whether L. salivarius can alleviate AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in geese was unknown. A total of 300 Lande geese were randomly assigned to five groups: control group, AFB1 low-dose group (L), L. salivarius+AFB1 low-dose group (LL), AFB1 high dosage groups (H), L. salivarius+AFB1 high dosage groups (LH), respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of ALT, AST, and GGT significantly increased after exposure to AFB1. Similarly, severe damage of hepatic morphology was observed including the hepatic structure injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. The oxidative stress was evidenced by the elevated concentrations of MDA, and decreased activities of GSH-Px, GSH and SOD. The observation of immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blotting showed that the expression of PINK1 and the value of LC3II/LC3I were increased, but that of p62 significantly decreased after AFB1 exposure. Moreover, the supplementation of L. salivarius effectively improved the geese performance, ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial mitophagy and enhanced the liver restoration to normal level. The present study demonstrated that L. salivarius ameliorated AFB1-induced the hepatotoxicity by decreasing the oxidative stress, and regulating the expression of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the mitochondria of the geese liver. Furthermore, this investigation suggested that L. salivarius might serve as a novel and safe additive for preventing AFB1 contamination in poultry feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201100, China.
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Fochesato AS, Martínez MP, Cuello D, Poloni VL, Luna MJ, Magnoli AP, Fernández C, Cavaglieri LR. Effects of a mixed additive based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on broilers exposed to aflatoxin B 1 by contaminated feed. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024; 56:312-321. [PMID: 39085003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the influence of dietary supplementation with a mixed additive (MA) containing a probiotic and anti-mycotoxin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007) and its interaction on the performance and health (biochemistry and liver/intestine histopathology) of broilers fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at 506000±22.1ng/kg. The MA contained S. cerevisiae RC016 (1×107cells/g) and L. rhamnosus RC007 (1×108cells/g) in relation 1:1. A total of sixty-one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with three replicates of 5 birds each for a five-week-old feeding experiment. The experimental diet for each treatment (T) was formulated as follows: T1, a commercial diet (CD); T2, CD+AFB1; T3, CD+0.1% MA; T4, CD+AFB1+0.1% MA. The MA improved (p<0.01) production parameters (weight gain, conversion rate, and carcass yield) and reduced (p<0.01) the toxic effect of AFB1 on the relative weight of the livers. In addition, the macro and microscopic alterations of livers and the possible intestinal injury related to histological damage in the presence of mycotoxin were reduced. The use of probiotic MA based on S. cerevisiae RC016 and L. rhamnosus RC007 in animal feed provides greater protection against mycotoxin contamination and is safe for use as a supplement in animal feed, providing beneficial effects that improve animal health and productivity. This is of great importance at the economic level for the avian production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía Silvia Fochesato
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellow of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pia Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellow of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Cuello
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Lorena Poloni
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Fellow of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julieta Luna
- Fellow of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Member of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Paola Magnoli
- Member of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Producción Animal, Cátedra de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian Fernández
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Cátedra de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilia Renée Cavaglieri
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Member of Council Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li K, Wang S, Qu W, Ahmed AA, Enneb W, Obeidat MD, Liu HY, Dessie T, Kim IH, Adam SY, Cai D. Natural products for Gut-X axis: pharmacology, toxicology and microbiology in mycotoxin-caused diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419844. [PMID: 38978980 PMCID: PMC11228701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is integral to defending against external contaminants, featuring a complex array of immunological, physical, chemical, and microbial barriers. Mycotoxins, which are toxic metabolites from fungi, are pervasive in both animal feed and human food, presenting substantial health risks. Methods: This review examines the pharmacological, toxicological, and microbiological impacts of natural products on mycotoxicosis, with a particular focus on the gut-x axis. The analysis synthesizes current understanding and explores the role of natural products rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Results: The review highlights that mycotoxins can disrupt intestinal integrity, alter inflammatory responses, damage the mucus layer, and disturb the bacterial balance. The toxins' effects are extensive, potentially harming the immune system, liver, kidneys, and skin, and are associated with serious conditions such as cancer, hormonal changes, genetic mutations, bleeding, birth defects, and neurological issues. Natural products have shown potential anticancer, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitoxic properties. Discussion: The review underscores the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting gut microbial modulation. It identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen our understanding of natural products' role in gut-x axis health and to mitigate the global health impact of mycotoxin-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wuyi Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wael Enneb
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Diya’ Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saber Y. Adam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zhu FH, Chen XY, Hou LL, Dong JH, Liu HW, Zhu LQ, Chen F. Limosilactobacillus reuteri peptidoglycan alleviates aflatoxin B 1-induced toxicity through adsorbing toxins and improving growth, antioxidant status, immunity and liver pathological changes in chicks. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:352-360. [PMID: 38466183 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2316228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a peptidoglycan produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo in broiler chicks.2. Toxin adsorption experiments were carried out firstly in vitro. These experiments indicated that the absorption efficiency of the peptidoglycan for AFB1 was 64.3-75.9%.3. In the in vivo experiments, Hy-Line Brown chicks were fed a diet containing AFB1 at 71.43 µg/kg with and without peptidoglycan supplementation at concentrations of 100, 200, or 300 g/kg feed from 0-42 d of age.4. The peptidoglycan supplementation in AFB1-contaminated diets resulted in significant improvements in terms of average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, white blood cell count, haemoglobin content, glutathione peroxidase activity, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM and Newcastle disease virus antibody titres (p < 0.05) and diminished liver steatosis.5. In conclusion, peptidoglycan supplementation alleviated AFB1-induced toxicity through adsorbing toxins and improving growth performance, antioxidant ability, immunity and liver pathological changes in chicks. The optimal supplemental dose was 200 mg/kg in feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - X Y Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - L L Hou
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - J H Dong
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - H W Liu
- College of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - L Q Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - F Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Ofori-Attah E, Hashimoto M, Oki M, Kadowaki D. Therapeutic Effect of Natural Products and Dietary Supplements on Aflatoxin-Induced Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2849. [PMID: 38474096 PMCID: PMC10932067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are harmful natural contaminants found in foods and are known to be hepatotoxic. However, recent studies have linked chronic consumption of aflatoxins to nephrotoxicity in both animals and humans. Here, we conducted a systematic review of active compounds, crude extracts, herbal formulations, and probiotics against aflatoxin-induced renal dysfunction, highlighting their mechanisms of action in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The natural products and dietary supplements discussed in this study alleviated aflatoxin-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue damage, and markers of renal function, mostly in animal models. Therefore, the information provided in this review may improve the management of kidney disease associated with aflatoxin exposure and potentially aid in animal feed supplementation. However, future research is warranted to translate the outcomes of this study into clinical use in kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ofori-Attah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Mai Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Mayu Oki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (M.H.); (M.O.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-Ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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11
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Mushtaq M, Ali B, Ali M, BiBi N, Raut R, Suliman GM, Swelum AA. Different levels of single-strain probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) with proteolytic enzyme (serratiopeptidase) can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103400. [PMID: 38295498 PMCID: PMC10844863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the proteolytic enzyme (serratiopeptidase) was used to enhance the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) probiotic as a growth promotor in broiler chicken. The effects of serratiopeptidase on the efficacy of different levels of B. subtilis as a growth promotor in broiler chicks were evaluated regarding growth performance traits, villus histomorphometric characterization, and intestinal microbiota count. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 120) were allocated into 4 groups having 3 replicates/group. In the control group (C), the basal diet was kept without supplementation. In treatment groups (P100, P150, and P200), the basal diet was supplemented with 100, 150, and 200 mg probiotics, respectively besides 30 mg proteolytic enzyme in the 3 treated groups for 4 wk. The performance parameters were significantly affected by the supplementation of serratiopeptidase to the B. subtilis treatment groups. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and dressing percent were significantly improved in the treatment groups as compared to the control group. Significantly, the lowest feed intake was recorded for the P200 group. The highest body weight gain and dressing percentage were recorded for the P200 group. An improved FCR was recorded in the P200 group (1.7) as compared to the control group. The different levels of B. subtilis supplemented with serratiopeptidase revealed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the morphology of the intestine by showing increases in villus height and width and crypt depth of the small intestine. The microbial count revealed that E. coli and salmonella colonies were significantly reduced in the P200 group as compared to the control and other treatment groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of B. subtilis with serratiopeptidase as a growth promoter in broiler chicks significantly improved the overall performance, and intestinal health and reduced microbial load contributing to optimizing the performance of broiler chickens. The greatest improvement was observed in the P200 group fed with B. subtilis as a probiotic and serratiopeptidase enzyme (200 mg:30 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mushtaq
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Baseerat Ali
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Neelam BiBi
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Rabin Raut
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 3720 USA
| | - Gamaleldin M Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Ruan H, Huang Y, Yue B, Zhang Y, Lv J, Miao K, Zhang D, Luo J, Yang M. Insights into the intestinal toxicity of foodborne mycotoxins through gut microbiota: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4758-4785. [PMID: 37755064 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are fungal metabolites, pose a significant global food safety concern by extensively contaminating food and feed, thereby seriously threatening public health and economic development. Many foodborne mycotoxins exhibit potent intestinal toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying mycotoxin-induced intestinal toxicity are diverse and complex, and effective prevention or treatment methods for this condition have not yet been established in clinical and animal husbandry practices. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the intestinal toxicity mechanisms of six common foodborne mycotoxins. It also explores novel toxicity mechanisms through the "key gut microbiota-key metabolites-key targets" axis, utilizing multiomics and precision toxicology studies with a specific focus on gut microbiota. Additionally, we examine the potential beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on mycotoxin-induced toxicity based on initial gut microbiota-mediated mycotoxicity. This review offers a systematic description of how mycotoxins impact gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes or proteins, providing valuable insights for subsequent toxicity studies of mycotoxins. Furthermore, it lays a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating intestinal toxicity caused by mycotoxins and advancing food safety practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binyang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Miao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang L, Shi S, Liu Y, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Bao Y, Chen B, Shi W. Aflatoxin B1 triggers apoptosis in rabbit hepatocytes via mediating oxidative stress and switching on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115478. [PMID: 37716070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered the most toxic carcinogenic compound, and exposure to AFB1 is highly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of AFB1 on growth performance and the liver of rabbits, as well as explore its underlying mechanisms. A total of eighty 30-day-old meat rabbits were randomly divided into four treatments. The control group was fed a pollution-free diet, while the AFL, AFM, and AFH groups were fed contaminated diets containing 13 μg/kg, 19 μg/kg, and 25 μg/kg of AFB1, respectively. The results showed that AFB1 had detrimental effects on the production performance of rabbits, resulting in decreased weight gain. Additionally, AFB1 exposure was associated with increased activity of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as decreased levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) in the serum. AFB1 induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) while inhibiting the activity of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in liver tissues. AFB1 decreased the mRNA transcription and protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone-1 (NQO-1). AFB1 not only decreased the contents of cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2), cytochrome P4502A6 (CYP2A6) and cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) but also increased the content of AFB1-DNA adducts in the liver. Furthermore, AFB1 enhanced the expression of cytochrome c (cyt-c), caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), while inhibiting the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Therefore, we demonstrated that AFB1 triggered apoptosis in rabbit hepatocytes via mediating oxidative stress and switching on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and decreased rabbit performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shaowen Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yixuan Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China.
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14
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Abd El-Hack ME, Kamal M, Altaie HAA, Youssef IM, Algarni EH, Almohmadi NH, Abukhalil MH, Khafaga AF, Alqhtani AH, Swelum AA. Peppermint essential oil and its nano-emulsion: Potential against aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus in food and feed. Toxicon 2023; 234:107309. [PMID: 37802220 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
A facultative parasite called Aspergillus flavus contaminates several important food crops before and after harvest. In addition, the pathogen that causes aspergillosis infections in humans and animals is opportunistic. Aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus, is also carcinogenic and mutagenic, endangering human and animal health and affecting global food security. Peppermint essential oils and plant-derived natural products have recently shown promise in combating A. flavus infestations and aflatoxin contamination. This review discusses the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic properties of peppermint essential oils. It then discusses how peppermint essential oils affect the growth of A. flavus and the biosynthesis of aflatoxins. Several cause physical, chemical, or biochemical changes to the cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, and associated metabolic enzymes and genes. Finally, the prospects for using peppermint essential oils and natural plant-derived chemicals to develop novel antifungal agents and protect foods are highlighted. In addition to reducing the risk of aspergillosis infection, this review highlights the significant potential of plant-derived natural products and peppermint essential oils to protect food and feed from aflatoxin contamination and A. flavus infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hayman A A Altaie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Medical Technology, Al-kitab University, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Eman H Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 18 Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Lee J, Cho H, Song D, Chang S, An J, Nam J, Lee B, Kim S, Kim WK, Cho J. Effects of Combinations of Toxin Binders with or without Natural Components on Broiler Breeders Exposed to Ochratoxin A. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2266. [PMID: 37508044 PMCID: PMC10376041 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of toxin binders on broiler breeders fed an ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated diet. A total of 60 45-week-old female Arbor Acres broiler breeder birds with an initial body weight of 3.65 ± 0.35 kg were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, with 10 replicates per group and 1 bird per replicate. The trial was conducted for 9 weeks (including 1 week of adaptation). Feed additive 1 (FA1) was composed of clay minerals (85% bentonite and 12% clinoptilolite) with 3% charcoal. FA2 was composed of clay minerals (66.1% aluminosilicates) with natural components (0.8% artichoke and rosemary plant extracts), 7% yeast extract, 0.5% beta-glucans, and 25.6% carriers. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: (1) birds fed an OTA-free basal diet (Negative Control; NC); (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged birds fed a diet including OTA (4 mg/kg) (Positive Control, PC); (3) the PC with 0.05% FA1 (Treatment 1, T1); (4) the PC with 0.10% FA1 (Treatment 2, T2); (5) the PC with 0.10% FA2 (Treatment 3, T3); and (6) the PC with 0.20% FA2 (Treatment 4, T4). The LPS challenge (an intramuscular injection of 1 mg E. coli O55:B5 LPS per kg of body weight) was performed on the first day of the experiment. The results of this experiment show that the PC treatment negatively affected (p < 0.05) egg production, hatchability, Haugh unit, bone mineralization, relative organ weight (abdominal fat, liver), the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol in the blood, and OTA accumulation in the liver compared with the NC. However, supplementation with toxin binders mitigated (p < 0.05) the negative effects of the OTA. Specifically, supplementation with 0.10% FA1 and 0.10% FA2 increased (p < 0.05) eggshell strength by week 4, and the Haugh unit and bone mineralization (phosphorous) by week 8, while decreasing (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the levels of GOT and HDL in the blood. Supplementation with 0.10% FA2 led to greater improvements in various parameters, including laying performance and bone mineralization, than the other treatments. In conclusion, toxin binders with or without natural components can be effective tools in the mitigation of OTA-induced problems due to their synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hyunah Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongcheol Song
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Nam
- Cherrybro Co., Ltd., Jincheon 27820, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungkon Lee
- Cherrybro Co., Ltd., Jincheon 27820, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowoong Kim
- Provimi Co., Ltd., Seoul 06158, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ashi H, Almalki MHK, Hamed EA, Ramadan WS, Alahmadi TFH, Alami OT, Arafa SH, Alshareef AK, Alsulami FS, Alharbi AF, Al-Harbi MS, Alqurashi EH, Aashi S, Alzahrani YA, Elbanna K, Abulreesh HH. Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity to Rat Organs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1703. [PMID: 37512876 PMCID: PMC10385160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin (AF), a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus, is injurious to vital body organs. The bacterial defense against such mycotoxins has attracted significant attention. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to ameliorate AF toxicity. METHODS Thirty adult male rats were divided into six groups (five each) to perform the experiments. The control (Co) group was fed a basal diet and water. Each of the following periods lasted 21 days: the milk (MK) group orally received milk (500 µL); LAB suspension (500 µL) containing 107 cfu/mL was orally provided to the LAB group; AF (0.5 mg/kg) was orally given to the AF group; and a combination of AF and LAB was administered to the AF + LAB group. The AF/LAB group was initially given AF for 21 days, followed by LAB for the same period. Finally, the rats were dissected to retrieve blood and tissue samples for hematological, biochemical, and histological studies. RESULTS The results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, total proteins, eosinophil count, albumin, and uric acid, whereas the levels of WBCs, monocytes, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase significantly increased in the AF group in comparison to the control group. The histological examination of the AF group revealed necrosis and apoptosis of the kidney's glomeruli and renal tubules, nuclei vacuolization and apoptosis of hepatocytes, congestion of the liver's dilated portal vein, lymphoid depletion in the white pulp, localized hemorrhages, hemosiderin pigment deposition in the spleen, and vacuolization of seminiferous tubules with a complete loss of testis spermatogenic cells. Meanwhile, protective and therapeutic LAB administration in AF-treated rats improved the hematological, biochemical, and histological changes. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed LAB-based amelioration to AFB1-induced disruptions of the kidney, liver, spleen, and testis by inhibiting tissue damage. The therapeutic effects of LAB were comparatively more pronounced than the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal H K Almalki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Hamed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani F H Alahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Outour Tariq Alami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer K Alshareef
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej F Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manahil S Al-Harbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal H Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirin Aashi
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Tao W, Zhu W, Nabi F, Li Z, Liu J. Penthorum chinense Pursh compound flavonoids supplementation alleviates Aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury via modulation of intestinal barrier and gut microbiota in broiler. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114805. [PMID: 36958264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a commonly occurring toxicant in animal and human diets, leading to hazardous effects on health. AFB1 is known to be a hepato-toxicant, and the intestinal barrier may play a crucial role in reversing AFB1-induced liver injury. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of Penthorum chinense Pursh Compound Flavonoids (PCPCF) by the response surface method with a Box-Behnken design and investigate the effects of PCPCF on AFB1-induced liver injury in broilers. A total of 164 one-day-old broilers were divided into seven groups, including Control, PCPCF (400 mg PCPCF/kg feed), AFB1 (3 mg AFB1/kg feed), and YCHT (Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang extract, 3 mg AFB1 +10 mL YCHT/kg feed) and low, medium, and high dose groups (PCPCF at 3 mg AFB1 +200, 400, 600 mg respectively). Samples of serum, liver, duodenum, and cecum contents were collected at 14th and 28th days for further analysis. The results showed that the maximum extraction rate of PCPCF was 8.15 %. PCPCF was rich in rutin, quercetin, liquiritin and kaempferol, and significantly inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus. The addition of PCPCF improved the growth performance of AFB1-injury broilers, modulated liver function, and increased serum immunoglobulin levels. PCPCF also alleviated liver pathological and oxidative stress damages caused by AFB1 and decreased AFB1-DNA and AFB1-lysine content in the liver. Furthermore, PCPCF supplementation ameliorated intestinal pathological damage, improved intestinal permeability of duodenum in the AFB1-induced broilers, and repaired the intestinal mucosal and mechanical barrier associated with the Notch signaling pathway. Meanwhile, PCPCF improved the intestinal flora structure of AFB1-damaged broilers and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, PCPCF ameliorated the adverse effects of AFB1 on growth performance and alleviated liver damage by repairing the intestinal barrier and improving intestinal health of broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fazul Nabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
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18
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Detoxification impacts of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplements against aflatoxins: an updated knowledge. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The widespread prevalence of food pollutants seriously threatens human and animal health. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites primarily formed by toxigenic fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria, demonstrating one of the principal pollutants in diets or feed products. Mycotoxin contamination in food can harm health, including stunted development, immune system suppression, infertility, vomiting, and gastrointestinal and cancerous conditions. These effects can occur both acutely and chronically. The complex food chain can be contaminated with mycotoxins at any point, including during harvest, industrial processing, shipping, or storage, putting the food sector under societal pressure owing to the waste generated by infected goods. One of the biological controls of mycotoxin is provided by probiotics and prebiotics, controlled as foods and dietary supplements made of bacteria or yeast. Aflatoxin's bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption can be reduced using various probiotics and prebiotics.
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19
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Zhu R, Shan S, Zhou S, Chen Z, Wu Y, Liao W, Zhao C, Chu Q. Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a patulin degradation candidate both in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2023; 14:3083-3091. [PMID: 36917481 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Patulin is one of the mycotoxins that exists in abundance in fruits and derivative products and is easily exposed in daily life, leading to various toxicities such as genotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in the human body, while the efficient removal or degradation measures are still in urgent demand. In this work, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a natural yeast with both patulin degradation and intestine damage protection abilities, was first applied to prevent and decrease the hazard after patulin intake. In vitro, Saccharomyces cerevisiae KD (S. cerevisiae KD) could efficiently degrade patulin at high concentrations. In a Canenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model fed on S. cerevisiae KD, locomotion, oxidative stress, patulin residual, intestine damage, and gene expression were investigated after exposure to 50 μg mL-1 patulin. The results demonstrated that S. cerevisiae KD could efficiently degrade patulin, as well as weaken the oxidative stress and intestinal damage caused by patulin. Moreover, S. cerevisiae KD could regulate the gene expression levels of daf-2 and daf-16 through the IGF-1 signaling pathway to control the ROS level and glutathione (GSH) content, thus decreasing intestinal damage. In summary, this work uncovers the outstanding characteristic of an edible probiotic S. cerevisiae KD in patulin degradation and biotoxicity alleviation and provides enlightenment toward solving the hazards caused by the accumulation of patulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Zhu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuo Shan
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Wei Liao
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Efremenko E, Senko O, Maslova O, Lyagin I, Aslanli A, Stepanov N. Destruction of Mycotoxins in Poultry Waste under Anaerobic Conditions within Methanogenesis Catalyzed by Artificial Microbial Consortia. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:205. [PMID: 36977096 PMCID: PMC10058804 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the toxicity of modern feeds polluted by mycotoxins, various sorbents are added to them when feeding animals. A part of the mycotoxins is excreted from the body of animals with these sorbents and remains in the manure. As a result, bulk animal wastes containing mixtures of mycotoxins are formed. It is known that it is partially possible to decrease the initial concentration of mycotoxins in the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of contaminated methanogenic substrates. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent results in destruction of mycotoxins under the action of enzymes present in cells of anaerobic consortia catalyzing methanogenesis of wastes. The possible improvement of the functioning of the anaerobic artificial consortia during detoxification of mycotoxins in the bird droppings is discussed. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of effective functioning of microbial enzymes that catalyze the detoxification of mycotoxins, both at the stage of preparation of poultry manure for methanogenesis and directly in the anaerobic process itself. The sorbents with mycotoxins which appeared in the poultry wastes composed one of the topics of interest in this review. The preliminary alkaline treatment of poultry excreta before processing in AD was considered from the standpoint of effectively reducing the concentrations of mycotoxins in the waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Efremenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Leal K, Truong L, Maga E, King A. Lactobacillus (L. plantarum & L. rhamnosus) and Saccharomyces (S. cerevisiae): effects on performance, biochemical parameters, ammonium ion in manure, and digestibility of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102525. [PMID: 36848757 PMCID: PMC9982685 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of Lactobacillus combined with Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used as probiotics were evaluated to replace antibiotics in poultry flocks by reducing ammonia emissions in manure of broilers without comprising performance or health. One-day-old Cobb 500 broilers (600) were fed starter, grower, and finisher diets as control (CON); probiotic S. cerevisiae, inclusion rate at 4.26 × 106 CFU/kg of feed (SCY); probiotic L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus, inclusion rate at 4.35 × 108 CFU/kg of feed (LPR) for each; and a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. rhamnosus at 4.35 × 108 CFU/kg of feed for each plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 4.26 × 106 CFU/kg of feed (SWL). The 4 treatments had 5 replicates (pens), each with 30 broilers. Performance was measured weekly as feed consumption, weight gain, BW, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) over a 6-wk grow-out period. Accompanying biochemical analyses included lipase activity of the pancreas, liver weight, and uric acid (UA) concentration in liver. Albumin, total protein, UA, ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in serum. Ammonium (NH4+) in manure and apparent ileal digestibility from digesta were also measured. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Results showed that biochemical analyses had no significant treatment effect; however, there were significant temporal changes in performance measures for individual treatments. Feed consumption increased over time for all treatments (P = 2.00 × 10-16). CON had lower weight gain in wk 2 (P = 0.013) compared to all treatment and the lowest BW in wk 5 (P = 0.0008) and wk 6 (P = 0.0124) compared to SWL. Specific probiotic strains, with well-defined inclusion rates, and surrounding environmental analyses of present microbes are needed to ascertain effects of probiotics. Other important areas for investigation include 1) confirmation of probiotics present in the digesta/ceca and how they alter the microbiota within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and 2) the serum heterophil:lymphocyte ratio to further examine potential immune responses to the probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Leal
- Animal Science Department, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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22
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Alharthi AS, Al Sulaiman AR, Aljumaah RS, Alabdullatif AA, Ferronato G, Alqhtani AH, Al-Garadi MA, Al-sornokh H, Abudabos AM. The efficacy of bentonite and zeolite in reducing aflatoxin B1 toxicity on production performance and intestinal and hepatic health of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R. Al Sulaiman
- National Center for Environmental Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alabdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giulia Ferronato
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Environment, Land Planning and Mathematics (DICATAM), Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussien Al-sornokh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Compound mycotoxin detoxifier alleviating aflatoxin B 1 toxic effects on broiler growth performance, organ damage and gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102434. [PMID: 36586389 PMCID: PMC9811249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound mycotoxin detoxifier (CMD) on alleviating the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for broiler growth performance. One-kilogram CMD consists of 667 g aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme (ADE, 1,467 U/g), 200 g montmorillonite and 133 g compound probiotics (CP). The feeding experiment was divided into 2 stages (1-21 d and 22-42 d). In the early stage, a total of 300 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups, 5 replications for each group, 10 broilers (half male and half female) in each replication. In the later feeding stage, about 240 twenty-two-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups, 8 replications for each group, 5 broilers in each replication. Group A: basal diet; group B: basal diet with 40 μg/kg AFB1; group C: basal diet with 1 g/kg CMD; groups D, E, and F: basal diet with 40 μg/kg AFB1 plus 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg CMD, respectively. The results indicated that AFB1 significantly decreased average daily gain (ADG), protein metabolic rate, organ index of thymus, bursa of Fabricius (BF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase activities in serum, and increased AFB1 residues in serum and liver (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining analysis of jejunum, liver and kidney showed that AFB1 caused the main pathological changes with different degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. However, CMD additions could alleviate the negative effects of AFB1 on the above parameters. The gut microbiota analysis indicated that AFB1 could significantly increase the abundances of Staphylococcus-xylosu, Esherichia-coli-g-Escherichia-Shigella, and decrease Lactobacillus-aviarius abundance (P < 0.05), but which were adjusted to almost the same levels as the control group by CMD addition. The correlative analysis showed that Lactobacillus-aviarius abundance was positively correlated with ADG, SOD and BF (P < 0.05), whereas Staphylococcus-xylosus abundance was positively correlated with AFB1 residues in serum and liver (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CMD could keep gut microbiota stable, alleviate histological lesions, increase growth performance, and reduce mycotoxin toxicity. The optimal CMD addition should be 1 g/kg in AFB1-contaminated broilers diet.
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24
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Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, El-Shall NA, Shehata AM, Abdel-Moneim AME, Naiel MAE. Probiotics in Poultry Nutrition as a Natural Alternative for Antibiotics. ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED 2022:137-159. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815049015122010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1950s, antibiotics have been used in poultry for improving
feed efficiency and growth performance. Nevertheless, various side effects have
appeared, such as antibiotic resistance, antibiotic residues in eggs and meat, and
imbalance of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Consequently, it is essential to find other
alternatives that include probiotics that improve poultry production. Probiotics are live
microorganisms administered in adequate doses and improve host health. Probiotics are
available to be used as feed additives, increasing the availability of the nutrients for
enhanced growth by digesting the feed properly. Immunity and meat and egg quality
can be improved by supplementation of probiotics in poultry feed. Furthermore, the
major reason for using probiotics as feed additives is that they can compete with
various infectious diseases causing pathogens in poultry's gastrointestinal tract. Hence,
this chapter focuses on the types and mechanisms of action of probiotics and their
benefits, by feed supplementation, for poultry health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Alexandria University,Department of poultry and fish diseases,Elbehira,Egypt
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25
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Xi Y, Chen J, Guo S, Wang S, Liu Z, Zheng L, Qi Y, Xu P, Li L, Zhang Z, Ding B. Effects of tannic acid on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidative status, and intestinal histomorphology in broilers exposed to aflatoxin B 1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1037046. [PMID: 36337182 PMCID: PMC9634217 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 480 one-day-old AA broiler chicks were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, relative organ weight, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in broilers dietary exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Treatments were as follows: (1) CON, control diet; (2) TA, CON + 250 mg/kg TA; (3) AFB1, CON + 500 μg/kg AFB1; and (4) TA+AFB1, CON + 250 mg/kg TA + 500 μg/kg AFB1. There were 10 replicate pens with 12 broilers per replicate. Dietary AFB1 challenge increased the feed conversion ratio during days 1 to 21 (P < 0.05). The TA in the diet did not show significant effects on the growth performance of broilers during the whole experiment period (P > 0.05). The liver and kidney relative weight was increased in the AF challenge groups compared with the CON (P < 0.05). The addition of TA could alleviate the relative weight increase of liver and kidney caused by AFB1 (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the AFB1 diets had lower activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, S-transferase, and total antioxidant capacity in plasma, liver and jejunum, and greater malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Dietary supplemented with 250 mg/kg TA increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes, and decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). In addition, AFB1 significantly reduced the villus height and crypt depth ratio in the ileum on day 42 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 250 mg/kg TA could partially protect the antioxidant capacity and prevent the enlargement of liver in broilers dietary challenged with 500 μg/kg AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhengfan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Ali A, Khatoon A, Almohaimeed HM, Al-Sarraj F, Albiheyri R, Alotibi I, Abidin ZU. Mitigative Potential of Novel <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> TISTR 2076 against the Aflatoxins-Associated Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Alterations in Liver and Kidney of Broiler Chicks during the Entire Growth Period. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100689. [PMID: 36287958 PMCID: PMC9610607 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> and have severe pathological effects on the health of human and animals. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins and mitigative potential of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> in broiler birds. One hundred and eighty broiler chicks at one day of age was procured from the local market, and chicks were equally divided into six groups with thirty birds in each group. These birds were treated with aflatoxins (300 and 600 µg/kg) and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (1 × 10<sup>8</sup> cfu/kg of feed) in different combinations. The first group was kept as the control, and only a basal diet was provided to birds (BD). In the second group (AF1), the first level of aflatoxins (300 µg/kg) was fed to the birds. In the third group (AF2), the second level of aflatoxins (600 µg/kg) was fed to birds. In the fourth group (AF1LP), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was given with first level of aflatoxins. In the fifth group (AF2LP), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was given with the second level of aflatoxins, and in the 6th group (BDLP), <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> alone was fed to the chicks. This experimental study was continued for 42 days. Birds were slaughtered after 42 days, and different parameters were assessed. Parameters studied were gain in body weight, organ weight along with some histopathological, hematological, biochemical parameters and residues of aflatoxins in liver and kidney. <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> improved the body weight gain and restored the relative organ weight. Hepatic and renal biomarkers returned to normal concentrations, serum proteins were restored in combination group AF1LP, and partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin centration and packed cell volume became normalized in the AF1LP group, while partial amelioration was observed in the AF2LP group. LP also reduced the concentration of aflatoxin residues in liver kidney and improved the TAC concentrations. The results of this study elucidated the mitigative potential of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> against serum biochemical, histopathological, hematological and toxicopathological changes induced by aflatoxins in the chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (A.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Hailah M. Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alotibi
- Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Veterinary Research Institute Lahore Cannt, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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27
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Zoghi A, Todorov SD, Khosravi-Darani K. Potential application of probiotics in mycotoxicosis reduction in mammals and poultry. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:731-741. [PMID: 36757083 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins in feedstuffs are considered as a principal worry by food safety authorities worldwide because most of them can be transferred from the feed to food commodities of animal origin, and further consumed by humans. Therefore, effective alternatives for the reduction of the impact of mycotoxins need to be applied in the feed production industry. Applications of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) can be alternative and applied as feed additives in order to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of mycotoxins on animals. The aim of this article is to provide information on the role of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) and point out their role in the reduction of the effect of mycotoxin toxicity in farming animals (mammals and poultry). The objective was to provide a summary of the existing knowledge based on the application of different strains belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or yeasts that are already or can be future employed in the feed industry, in order to reduce mycotoxicosis presence in mammals and poultry exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Moreover, an overview of mycotoxins toxicity in mammals and poultry will be presented, and furthermore, the role of the beneficial microorganisms (including probiotics) in the reduction of mycotoxins toxicity (aflatoxicosis, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin toxicities) will be described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Department of Advanced Convergence, ProBacLab, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Effects of Compound Mycotoxin Detoxifier on Alleviating Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestine, Liver and Kidney of Broilers. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100665. [PMID: 36287934 PMCID: PMC9609892 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to alleviate the toxic effects of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) on inflammatory responses in the intestine, liver, and kidney of broilers, the aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme, montmorillonite, and compound probiotics were selected and combined to make a triple-action compound mycotoxin detoxifier (CMD). The feeding experiment was divided into two stages. In the early feeding stage (1−21 day), a total of 200 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into four groups; in the later feeding stage (22−42 day), 160 broilers aged at 22 days were assigned to four groups: Group A: basal diet (4.31 μg/kg AFB1); Group B: basal diet with 40 μg/kg AFB1; Group C: Group A plus 1.5 g/kg CMD; Group D: Group B plus 1.5 g/kg CMD. After the feeding experiment, the intestine, liver, and kidney tissues of the broilers were selected to investigate the molecular mechanism for CMD to alleviate the tissue damages. Analyses of mRNA abundances and western blotting (WB) of inflammatory factors, as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of intestine, liver, and kidney tissues showed that AFB1 aggravated the inflammatory responses through NF-κB and TN-α signaling pathways via TLR pattern receptors, while the addition of CMD significantly inhibited the inflammatory responses. Phylogenetic investigation showed that AFB1 significantly increased interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities (p < 0.05), which were restored to normal levels by CMD addition, indicating that CMD could alleviate cell inflammatory damages induced by AFB1.
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Biodetoxification and Protective Properties of Probiotics. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071278. [PMID: 35888997 PMCID: PMC9319832 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic consumption is recognized as being generally safe and correlates with multiple and valuable health benefits. However, the mechanism by which it helps detoxify the body and its anti-carcinogenic and antimutagenic potential is less discussed. A widely known fact is that globalization and mass food production/cultivation make it impossible to keep all possible risks under control. Scientists associate the multitude of diseases in the days when we live with these risks that threaten the population’s safety in terms of food. This review aims to explore whether the use of probiotics may be a safe, economically viable, and versatile tool in biodetoxification despite the numerous risks associated with food and the limited possibility to evaluate the contaminants. Based on scientific data, this paper focuses on the aspects mentioned above and demonstrates the probiotics’ possible risks, as well as their anti-carcinogenic and antimutagenic potential. After reviewing the probiotic capacity to react with pathogens, fungi infection, mycotoxins, acrylamide toxicity, benzopyrene, and heavy metals, we can conclude that the specific probiotic strain and probiotic combinations bring significant health outcomes. Furthermore, the biodetoxification maximization process can be performed using probiotic-bioactive compound association.
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Abdolmaleki K, Javanmardi F, Gavahian M, Phimolsiripol Y, Ruksiriwanich W, Mir SA, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Emerging technologies in combination with probiotics for aflatoxins removal: An updated review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadije Abdolmaleki
- Research Center of Oils and Fats Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science College of Agriculture National Pingtung University of Science and Technology 1, Shuefu Road Neipu Pingtung 91201 Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science and Technology Government College for Women MA Road Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir India
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology Warsaw Poland
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
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Xu R, Kiarie EG, Yiannikouris A, Sun L, Karrow NA. Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35672806 PMCID: PMC9175326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide. Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products, and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and animal physiology. Thus, mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals. Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination, mitigation strategies are needed. This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.
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Zhang ZF, Xi Y, Wang ST, Zheng LY, Qi Y, Guo SS, Ding BY. Effects of Chinese Gallnut Tannic Acid on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters, Antioxidative Status, Intestinal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbial Shedding in Broilers Challenged with Aflatoxin B1. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6555769. [PMID: 35352127 PMCID: PMC9030211 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in broilers challenged with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 480 1-d-old broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments: 1) CON, control diet, 2) AF, CON + 60 μg/kg AFB1 of feed during d 1 to 21, CON + 120 μg/kg AFB1 of feed during d 22 to 42, 3) TA1, AF +250 mg/kg TA, 4) TA2, AF +500 mg/kg TA. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were increased in the TA1 during d 1 to 21, d 22 to 42 and d1 to 42 compared with CON and AF treatments (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the TA2 diet had greater ADG and ADFI than those fed the CON and AF diets during the finisher and the whole period (P < 0.05). Administration of TA decreased the relative weight of liver and kidney compared with broilers fed the AF diet on d 42 (P < 0.05). The blood activity of alanine transferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was increased in the AF treatment compared with the CON (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the TA1 decreased the ALT content on d 21, and the level of ALT and GGT was decreased in the TA2 compared with the AF group on d 42 (P < 0.05). The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma, and the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) was decreased in the AF group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). The TA decreased plasma malondialdehyde concentration, and increased plasma T-SOD, GSH-Px, total antioxidant capacity, and hepatic GST activity compared to the AF (P < 0.05). The crypt depth of jejunum was decreased in the TA1 treatment on d 21, and the villus height of ileum was increased in the TA2 group on d 42 compared with the AF treatment (P < 0.05). The cecal Lactobacillus counts on d 21 was tended to increase in the TA treatments compared with the AF (P = 0.061). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg TA could improve the growth, antioxidant capacity, and partially protected the intestinal health of broilers challenged with AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Tian Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yun Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Ying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Nabi F, Tao W, Ye R, Li Z, Lu Q, Shang Y, Hu Y, Fang J, Bhutto ZA, Liu J. Penthorum Chinense Pursh Extract Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress Through Mitochondrial Pathways in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:822259. [PMID: 35187148 PMCID: PMC8847786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.822259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is an important toxicant of the fungal origin and poses a threat to the poultry industry. This study was designed to reveal the underlying mechanism and protective methods against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis using a Traditional Chinese medicine, Penthorum chinense Pursh extract (PCPE), in broilers. A total of 164 (day-old) broilers were equally allocated to the control, AFB1 (3 mg/kg feed), positive drug (Yin-Chen-Hao Tang extract, 10 ml/kg feed), PCPE (2 g PCPE/kg), and PCPE low, medium, and high dose groups (1 g, 2 g, 3 g PCPE/kg feed, respectively). AFB1 significantly decreased the growth performance and serum immunoglobulin level, altered normal serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities, and induced histopathological lesions in the liver as compared to control group. Additionally, AFB1 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes such as Bax, Bak, caspase-9, caspase-3, and p53, whereas it down-regulated the expression levels of BCL2 in the liver of broilers. The supplementation of different doses of PCPE to AFB1-affected birds significantly eased AFB1 negative effects by improving growth performance, immunoglobulin level, and oxidative capacity, and reversed oxidative stress and pathological lesions in liver. Furthermore, supplementation of PCPE to the AFB1 group reversed apoptosis by significantly down-regulating the mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bak, caspase-9, caspase-3, and p53 and up-regulating the expression levels of BCL2 in the liver of broilers. Based on these results, we conclude that supplementation of PCPE is protective and safe against oxidative stress, is anti-apoptotic, and reverses the liver damage caused by AFB1 in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazul Nabi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Weilai Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiling Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangfei Shang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiali Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chinese Veterinary Herbal Drugs Innovation Research Laboratory, University Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Liu
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Lin L, Fu P, Chen N, Gao N, Cao Q, Yue K, Xu T, Zhang C, Zhang C, Liu F, Wang X, Huang S. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae protect hepatocytes against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in broiler chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113148. [PMID: 34995912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin in food and in the environment that lead to multi-organ injury in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the detoxification properties of dietary total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese herbal, on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatic oxidative damage and apoptosis of liver of broiler chickens. A total of 160 healthy specific pathogen free (SPF) 21-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups, including the CON group (basal diet), TFRD group (basal diet with 125 mg/kg TFRD), AFB1 group (100 μg/kg body weight), and AFB1 (100 μg/kg body weight) + TFRD (basal diet with 125 mg/kg TFRD) group. The exposure of AFB1 continued for seven days. The results showed that TFRD treatment alleviated the abnormal changes of growth performance and liver morphology, reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Moreover, TFRD promoted the antioxidant capacity of serum, increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05), while decreased MDA contents (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation of TFRD significantly increased the expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GST, and GPX1) in liver (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that AFB1 was involved in the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to hepatocyte apoptosis. At the same time, TFRD treatment inhibited AFB1-induced apoptosis and significantly changed mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes, including PI3K, AKT, Bax, and Bcl-2 (p < 0.05). The results indicated that TFRD could alleviate AFB1-induced liver injury in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Nuoman Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Ningyu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Qinqin Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Ke Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Chaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Livestock Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, PR China.
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Lai Y, Sun M, He Y, Lei J, Han Y, Wu Y, Bai D, Guo Y, Zhang B. Mycotoxins binder supplementation alleviates aflatoxin B 1 toxic effects on the immune response and intestinal barrier function in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101683. [PMID: 35121530 PMCID: PMC8883060 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether a commercial mycotoxins-binder, XL, could effectively attenuate the negative effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, immunological function, and intestinal health in birds. Two hundred forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial randomized design with 2 levels of dietary mycotoxins binder (0 or 2g /kg) and 2 AFB1 supplemented levels (0 or 200 μg/kg) from 0 to 42 d. Results showed that AFB1 exposure impaired growth performance by decreasing BWG in 1–21 d and 1–42 d, decreasing FI in 1–21 d, increasing FCR in 1–21 d and 1–42 d (P < 0.05). Broilers fed AFB1- contaminated diet impaired the immune function, as evident by decreasing IgA contents, Newcastle disease antibody titers in serum, and sIgA contents of jejunal mucosa at 21 d (P < 0.05). On the other hand, AFB1 challenge significantly increased the gene expression of proinflammatory factors in spleen at 21 d and liver at 42 d, and significantly decreased claudin-1 expression at 42 d and occludin expression at 21 d, and increased claudin-2 at 21 d in jejunum of broiler chickens (P < 0.05) compared to the basal diet group. Dietary XL supplementation significantly decreased the gene expression of IL-6 in spleen at 21 d and IL-1β in liver at 42 d, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in liver at 21 d of broilers (P < 0.05) compared with the nonsupplemented birds, regardless of AFB1 challenged or not. Inclusion of 2 g/kg XL increased serum ALB at 42 d, IgM and IgA at 42 d, Newcastle disease antibody titer level at 35 d (P < 0.05). Dietary XL addition enhanced intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of claudin-1 at 21 d and Occludin at 42 d (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Conclusively, 2 g/kg mycotoxins-binder can relieve the toxic effect of AFB1 on broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition Amersfoort 773811, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition Amersfoort 773811, The Netherlands
| | - Dongying Bai
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chen X, Ishfaq M, Wang J. Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on the growth performance, liver function, meat quality, immune responses and Salmonella Pullorum infection resistance of broilers challenged with Aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101651. [PMID: 34999537 PMCID: PMC8753273 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins. It has been reported that dietary exposure to AFB1 is related to the low growth performance, immunosuppression, and high susceptibility to infectious diseases of chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus salivarius on broiler chickens challenged with AFB1. First, AFB1 degradation ability of Lactobacillus salivarius was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Then, the Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to experimental groups. The effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on the growth performance, liver function, and meat quality were measured, and immune response was also determined after vaccination with attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine of broilers challenged with AFB1. Besides, resistance to Salmonella Pullorum infection along with AFB1 exposure was determined in broilers. The results showed that Lactobacillus salivarius could effectively degrade AFB1. Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation improved growth performance, liver function, and meat quality of broilers challenged with AFB1. In addition, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation resulted in enhanced specific antibody and IFN-γ production, and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers challenged with AFB1 after IBDV vaccine immunization. Furthermore, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation enhanced Salmonella Pullorum infection resistance in broilers challenged with AFB1. Our results revealed a tremendous potential of Lactobacillus salivarius as feed additive to degrading AFB1 and increasing broilers production performance in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China.
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Tao W, Li Z, Nabi F, Hu Y, Hu Z, Liu J. Penthorum chinense Pursh Compound Ameliorates AFB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Modulation of Mitochondrial Pathways in Broiler Chicken Kidneys. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:750937. [PMID: 34692815 PMCID: PMC8531719 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.750937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin widely present in foods and animal feeds; it represents a great risk to human and animal health. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Penthorum chinense Pursh compound (PCPC) against AFB1-induced damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways in kidney tissues of broilers. One-day-old chickens (n = 180) were randomly allocated to six groups: control, AFB1 (2.8 mg AFB1/kg feed), positive drug (10 mLYCHT/kg feed), and PCPC high, medium, and low-dose groups (15, 10, and 5 ml PCPC/kg feed, respectively). AFB1 treatment reduced weight gain and induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in broiler tissues; however, PCPC supplementation effectively enhanced broiler performance, ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptosis in the kidneys of broilers. The mRNA expression levels of mitochondria-related apoptosis genes (Bax, Bak, cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3) were significantly increased, whereas BCL2 expression level decreased in the AFB1 group. Supplementation of PCPC to the AFB1 group significantly reversed the changes in mRNA expression levels of these apoptosis-associated genes compared to those in the AFB1 group. The mRNA levels of NRF2 and HMOX1 in the kidneys of the AFB1 group were significantly reduced compared to those in the control group, whereas PCPC significantly increased the NRF2 and HMOX1 mRNA levels. AFB1 decreased the levels of Beclin1, LC3-I, and LC3-II and increased P53 levels in the kidney compared to those in the control, whereas PCPC significantly reversed these changes to normal levels of autophagy-related genes compared to those in the AFB1 group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PCPC ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes and mitochondrial pathways. Our results suggest that PCPC represents a natural and safe agent for preventing AFB1-induced injury and damage in broiler tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fazul Nabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chinese Veterinary Herbal Drugs Innovation Research Lab, University Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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38
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Umaya SR, Vijayalakshmi YC, Sejian V. Exploration of plant products and phytochemicals against aflatoxin toxicity in broiler chicken production: Present status. Toxicon 2021; 200:55-68. [PMID: 34228958 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a class of mycotoxins produced by the toxigenic Aspergillus fungi and are common contaminants of foods and feeds. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most potent aflatoxin, is well characterized to reduce productive performance and mortality in broilers. This exclusive review summarizes the efficacy of various plant products and phytochemicals to counteract AFB1 toxicity in broilers. The biochemical and molecular mode of action of AFB1 to induce liver damage, genotoxicity, immunosuppression and the protective effect of plant products against such mechanisms and their toxic effects are discussed. The link between antioxidant, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective functions of plant products; oxidative stress and AFB1 macromolecular adducts mediated AFB1 toxicity are covered. Efficacy of Satureja khuzistanica, Zataria multiflora Boiss, Thymus vulgaris, Sauropsus androgynus, Hemidesmus indicus, Leucas aspera, Moringa oleifera, Eclipta alba, Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum, Urtica dioica, and citrus fruit are summarized. The anti-aflatoxic effect of water-soluble substances of wheat, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and phytochemicals like thymol, carvarol, piperine, transcinnamaldehyde, resveratrol, curcumin, and silymarin are also discussed. Specific plant products and phytochemicals are shown to be effective against AF toxicity in broilers and could represent an important tool to reduce health and economic losses associated with AFB1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthi R Umaya
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India.
| | - Y C Vijayalakshmi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - V Sejian
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560 030, Karnataka, India
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39
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Pickova D, Ostry V, Toman J, Malir F. Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:399. [PMID: 34205163 PMCID: PMC8227755 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1960s the discovery of aflatoxins began when a total of 100,000 turkey poults died by hitherto unknown turkey "X" disease in England. The disease was associated with Brazilian groundnut meal affected by Aspergillus flavus. The toxin was named Aspergillus flavus toxin-aflatoxin. From the point of view of agriculture, aflatoxins show the utmost importance. Until now, a total of 20 aflatoxins have been described, with B1, B2, G1, and G2 aflatoxins being the most significant. Contamination by aflatoxins is a global health problem. Aflatoxins pose acutely toxic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects. Besides food insecurity and human health, aflatoxins affect humanity at different levels, such as social, economical, and political. Great emphasis is placed on aflatoxin mitigation using biocontrol methods. Thus, this review is focused on aflatoxins in terms of historical development, the principal milestones of aflatoxin research, and recent data on their toxicity and different ways of mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Pickova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.O.); (J.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.O.); (J.T.); (F.M.)
- Center for Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Palackeho 3a, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Toman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.O.); (J.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Frantisek Malir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.O.); (J.T.); (F.M.)
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Li X, Lv Z, Chen J, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 can alleviate liver apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin B1. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112124. [PMID: 33727180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often found in food and livestock feed. It can affect human and animal health and is especially damaging to the liver. This study aims to evaluate whether Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (hereafter referred to as B. amyloliquefaciens) B10 can alleviate the toxic effects of AFB1 and, if so, what mechanism is responsible for its action. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice (5-6 weeks old) were divided into four groups (Control, AFB1, B10 strain, and AFB1 + B10 strain) and conducted continuously via gavage for 28 days. Oxidation indices (MDA, T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) were then measured using their liver tissues and liver coefficient were calculated. Apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL method. Gene expression was determined for Bax, Bcl-2, BIP, CHOP, JNK, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, and protein expression was detected for Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Our results showed that AFB1 induced the oxidative damage and apoptosis in the livers of mice. However, for mice given B. amyloliquefaciens B10, the biochemical indices, pathological changes, the expressions of genes and proteins related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly reversed. The results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens B10 antagonizes oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by AFB1 in the livers of mice. The results of this study are of significance for the future use of this strain to reduce the harm of AFB1 to human health and animal reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Zhiming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Raj J, Vasiljević M, Tassis P, Farkaš H, Bošnjak-Neumüller J, Männer K. Effects of a modified clinoptilolite zeolite on growth performance, health status and detoxification of aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxin A in male broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:601-610. [PMID: 33595390 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1891522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to test the ability of an in-feed modified clinoptilolite zeolite-based mycotoxin binding substance (Minazel® Plus, Patent Co, Misicevo, Serbia; MP) to prevent gastrointestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) and its effects on health status and performance parameters of broilers.2. A total of 375, 1 d old male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were used for a total trial period of 42 d (from hatch to 42 d of age). Animals were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (T1-T5), in 25 pens (15 male broilers per pen, five pens per treatment). T1 was the control maize-based diet without the addition of mycotoxins, or the test product. T2 and T3 groups received contaminated maize in the diet containing 0.02 mg AFB1/kg feed and 0.1 mg OTA/kg feed, whereas T4 and T5 groups received 0.05 mg AFB1/kg feed and 0.5 mg OTA/kg feed. The MP was added to T3 (1 g/kg feed), and T5 (2 g/kg feed) groups.3. Results showed that exposure to AFB1 and OTA at low or moderate levels, as used in this study, did not markedly affect growth performance, blood profile or organ weights. Improvements in feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in birds receiving MP, whereby FCR of T3 group was improved in comparison with T2 group, although there was no significant difference between T5 and T4 groups. However, average body weight gain (ABWG) was improved in the T5 group compared to T4, but not in the T3 versus T2 group comparison.4. For serum biochemical parameters, glutamate-dehydrogenase (GLDH) was significantly improved in T5 birds in comparison with T4. The addition of MP significantly decreased residue levels of AFB1 in liver and OTA in the spleen of the treated groups.5. The improvements in productive performance and reduction of mycotoxin residue levels in tissues demonstrated a beneficial effect of MP in cases of concurrent AFB1 and OTA ingestion by broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raj
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, Mišićevo, Serbia
| | - M Vasiljević
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, Mišićevo, Serbia
| | - P Tassis
- Farm Animals Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Farkaš
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, Mišićevo, Serbia
| | | | - K Männer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Guo HW, Chang J, Wang P, Yin QQ, Liu CQ, Xu XX, Dang XW, Hu XF, Wang QL. Effects of compound probiotics and aflatoxin-degradation enzyme on alleviating aflatoxin-induced cytotoxicity in chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cells. AMB Express 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33646441 PMCID: PMC7921234 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most dangerous mycotoxins for humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of compound probiotics (CP), CP supernatant (CPS), AFB1-degradation enzyme (ADE) on chicken embryo primary intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities, and to determine the functions of CP + ADE (CPADE) or CPS + ADE (CPSADE) for alleviating cytotoxicity induced by AFB1. The results showed that AFB1 decreased cell viabilities in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. The optimal AFB1 concentrations and reactive time for establishing cell damage models were 200 µg/L AFB1 and 12 h for intestinal epithelium cells, 40 µg/L and 12 h for liver and kidney cells. Cell viabilities reached 231.58% (p < 0.05) for intestinal epithelium cells with CP addition, 105.29% and 115.84% (p < 0.05) for kidney and liver cells with CPS additions. The further results showed that intestinal epithelium, liver and kidney cell viabilities were significantly decreased to 87.12%, 88.7% and 84.19% (p < 0.05) when the cells were exposed to AFB1; however, they were increased to 93.49% by CPADE addition, 102.33% and 94.71% by CPSADE additions (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA abundances of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, NOD1 (except liver cell) and TLR2 in three kinds of primary cells were significantly down-regulated by CPADE or CPSADE addition, compared with single AFB1 group (p < 0.05), indicating that CPADE or CPSADE addition could alleviate cell cytotoxicity and inflammation induced by AFB1 exposure through suppressing the activations of NF-κB, iNOS, NOD1 and TLR2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qing-Qiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Chao-Qi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dang
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co., Ltd, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quan-Liang Wang
- Henan Guangan Biotechnological Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Guan Y, Chen J, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010046. [PMID: 33435382 PMCID: PMC7827145 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination causes significant economic loss to food and feed industries and seriously threatens human health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most harmful mycotoxins, which are produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and other fungi that are commonly found in the production and preservation of grain and feed. AFs can cause harm to animal and human health due to their toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic) effects. How to remove AF has become a major problem: biological methods cause no contamination, have high specificity, and work at high temperature, affording environmental protection. In the present research, microorganisms with detoxification effects researched in recent years are reviewed, the detoxification mechanism of microbes on AFs, the safety of degrading enzymes and reaction products formed in the degradation process, and the application of microorganisms as detoxification strategies for AFs were investigated. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for biological detoxification of AFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (W.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (W.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (W.W.); (K.K.)
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Ejiofor T, Mgbeahuruike AC, Ojiako C, Ushie AM, Nwoko EI, Onoja IR, Dada T, Mwanza M, Karlsson M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bentonite, and kaolin as adsorbents for reducing the adverse impacts of mycotoxin contaminated feed on broiler histopathology and hemato-biochemical changes. Vet World 2021; 14:23-32. [PMID: 33642782 PMCID: PMC7896915 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.23-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bentonite and kaolin were used to reduce the adverse effects of mold-contaminated diet on broilers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of S. cerevisiae, bentonite, and kaolin in reducing the adverse effects of mold (fungal) contaminated diet on broilers. Specifically, we investigated the histopathological, hematological, and serum biochemical changes associated with broilers fed mold-contaminated diets supplemented with these three adsorbents. We also isolated and identified the common fungal contaminants in the poultry feeds as well as the mycotoxins they produced. Materials and Methods: Hundred broilers (3-weeks-old) were randomly grouped into five dietary treatments, basal feed (negative control), feed contaminated with mold, mold-contaminated feed+S. cerevisiae, mold-contaminated feed+bentonite, and mold-contaminated feed+kaolin. The fungal contaminants in the feeds were isolated and molecularly identified while the mycotoxins in the feed where analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Blood samples of birds from each group were analyzed for hematology and serum biochemistry. The liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius of the birds were excised and analyzed for histopathological changes. Results: The most common fungal contaminants in the feeds were Penicillium (33.3%) species, followed by Aspergillus species (22.2%). The mold-contaminated feed had the highest number of fungal contaminants, 55.6%, while the negative control (basal feed group) had none. Total aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol were high in the mold-contaminated feed (53.272 μg/kg and 634.5 μg kg, respectively), but these were reduced by the addition of adsorbents to the feed. The birds fed mold-contaminated feed had significantly (p<0.05) reduced red blood cell count counts, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin but increased white blood cell count compared to the negative control. Liver enzyme activity (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and cholesterol concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in the group fed mold-contaminated feed while the serum albumin and total protein decreased significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the negative control. Adverse histopathological changes were observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius in the group fed mold-contaminated feed. Addition of S. cerevisiae, bentonite or kaolin in the mold-contaminated feed ameliorated these toxic effects. Conclusion: The observed histopathological lesions were consistent with mycotoxicosis in birds and were mild in the adsorbent treated groups. Kaolin had a higher protective effect against mycotoxicosis than the two other adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toochukwu Ejiofor
- Department of Agric Education, Faculty of Vocational Technical Education, University of Nigeria, 410002 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Christian Mgbeahuruike
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, 410002, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chiamaka Ojiako
- Department of Agric Education, Faculty of Vocational Technical Education, University of Nigeria, 410002 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ashang Micheal Ushie
- Department of Agric Education, Faculty of Vocational Technical Education, University of Nigeria, 410002 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuela Ifeoma Nwoko
- Department of Human Kinetics and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, 410002 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ibe Remigius Onoja
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, 410002, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Toluwase Dada
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046 Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046 Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Deng Y, Xiong X, Liu X, He C, Guo S, Tang S, Qu X. Palygorskite combined probiotics improve the laying performance, hatching performance, egg quality, plasma antioxidative status, and immune response of broiler breeders. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1966845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengguo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Nazhand A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Santini A. Characteristics, Occurrence, Detection and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Foods and Feeds. Foods 2020; 9:E644. [PMID: 32443392 PMCID: PMC7278662 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination continues to be a food safety concern globally, with the most toxic being aflatoxins. On-farm aflatoxins, during food transit or storage, directly or indirectly result in the contamination of foods, which affects the liver, immune system and reproduction after infiltration into human beings and animals. There are numerous reports on aflatoxins focusing on achieving appropriate methods for quantification, precise detection and control in order to ensure consumer safety. In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 as group 1 carcinogenic substances, which are a global human health concern. Consequently, this review article addresses aflatoxin chemical properties and biosynthetic processes; aflatoxin contamination in foods and feeds; health effects in human beings and animals due to aflatoxin exposure, as well as aflatoxin detection and detoxification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Nazhand
- Department of Biotechnology, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resource University, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran 48181-68984, Iran;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo III-Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, El-Nekeety AA, Hathout AS, Salman AS, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Aziz MS. Secondary metabolites from Bacillus sp. MERNA97 extract attenuates the oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B 1 in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111399. [PMID: 32418920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds of Bacillus sp. MERNA97 extract and to evaluate their efficacy against the oxidative damage, genotoxicity, chromosomal aberration and DNA fragmentation in rats treated with AFB1. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups and treated for 6 weeks and included the control group, AFB1-treated group (80 μg/kg b. w), the groups treated with Bacillus extract (BE) at low (2 mg/kg b.w) or high (4 mg/kg b.w) dose and the groups treated with AFB1 plus BE at the two doses. Blood and tissues samples were collected for different assays. The GC-MS results revealed the isolation of 44 compounds belong to different classes. The in vivo results showed that AFB1 disturbs all the biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, cytokines gene expression chromosomal aberration and DNA fragmentation along with the histological changes in the liver tissue. BE at the two tested doses induced a significant improvement in all parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose dependent manner. It could be concluded that the extract of Bacillus sp. MERNA97 isolated from the marine environment in the Red Sea is a promise as a source of novel compounds with therapeutically benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S Salman
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Arts Girls- Khulais, university of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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48
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, El-Nekeety AA, Hathout AS, Salman AS, Abdel-Aziem SH, Sabry BA, Hassan NS, Abdel-Aziz MS, Aly SE, Jaswir I. Bioactive compounds from Aspergillus niger extract enhance the antioxidant activity and prevent the genotoxicity in aflatoxin B 1-treated rats. Toxicon 2020; 181:57-68. [PMID: 32353570 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus niger SH2-EGY using GC-MS and to evaluate their protective role against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rats. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 4 weeks included the control group, AFB1-treated group (80 μg/kg b.w); fungal extract (FE)-treated groups at low (140) or high dose (280) mg/kg b.w and the groups treated with AFB1 plus FE at the two tested doses. The GC-MS analysis identified 26 compounds. The major compounds found were 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-trimethylsilyl Glucopyranose, Fmoc-L-3-(2-Naphthyl)-alanine, D-(-)-Fructopyranose, pentakis (trimethylsilyl) ether, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, trimethylsilyl ether-glucitol, and octadecanamide, N-(2- methylpropyl)-N-nitroso. The in vivo results showed that AFB1 significantly increased serum ALT, AST, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, interleukin-6, Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, Bax, caspase-3 and P53 mRNA expression, chromosomal aberrations and DNA fragmentation. It decreased serum TP, albumin, HDL, Bcl-2 mRNA expression, hepatic and renal TAC, SOD and GPx content and induced histological changes in the liver and kidney. FE prevented these disturbances in a dosage-dependent manner. It could be concluded that A. niger SH2-EGY extract is safe a promising agent for pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S Salman
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Bassem A Sabry
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Soher E Aly
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Irwandi Jaswir
- International Institute for Halal Research & Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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49
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Yang S, Gong P, Pan J, Wang N, Tong J, Wang M, Long M, Li P, He J. Pediococcus pentosaceus xy46 Can Absorb Zearalenone and Alleviate its Toxicity to the Reproductive Systems of Male Mice. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080266. [PMID: 31426404 PMCID: PMC6722568 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) contamination is a very serious problem around the world as it can induce reproductive disorders in animals and affect the health of humans. Therefore, reducing the damage it causes to humans and animals is a current focus of research. In this study, we assess the removing capacity of Pediococcus pentosaceus xy46 towards ZEA and investigate the mechanism responsible for its action, thus confirming if it can alleviate ZEA toxicity to the reproductive systems of male mice. Our results show that the rate at which the strain removes ZEA is as high as 89.2% in 48 h when the concentration of ZEA is 4 μg/mL in the liquid medium. Heat and acid treatment significantly enhanced the ability of the bacteria to remove ZEA. The animal experiments results show that the oral administration of xy46 to mice (0.2 mL daily at a concentration of 109 CFU/mL for 28 days) significantly reduces the degree of testicular pathomorphological changes and apoptosis induced by ZEA when the mice are intragastric administration with 40 mg/kg ZEA daily for 28 days. Moreover, oral administration of xy46 enhances the decrease in the testosterone level and improves the oxidative stress injury induced by ZEA. Furthermore, oral administration of xy46 reverts the expression of these genes and proteins in the testicular tissues of the mice involved in the blood-testis barrier and apoptosis (e.g., Vim, caspase 12, Cldn11, N-cad, Bax, and Bcl-2). However, xy46 cannot significantly revert in some of these evaluated parameters, especially in sperm quantity and quality when the mice were given 70 mg/kg ZEA daily for 28 days. In conclusion, our results suggest that the strain Pediococcus pentosaceus xy46 can efficiently remove ZEA from the liquid medium, the mechanism responsible for its action is absorption, and it can alleviate the toxicity of ZEA to the reproductive systems of male mice when the mice are given 40 mg/kg ZEA daily, However, it cannot completely alleviate the reproductive toxicity of higher dosage of zearalenone through its ability to adsorb ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jianwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jingjing Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jianbin He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Wang N, Wu W, Pan J, Long M. Detoxification Strategies for Zearalenone Using Microorganisms: A Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070208. [PMID: 31330922 PMCID: PMC6680894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi that is commonly found in cereal crops. ZEA has an estrogen-like effect which affects the reproductive function of animals. It also damages the liver and kidneys and reduces immune function which leads to cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity. At present, the detoxification of mycotoxins is mainly accomplished using biological methods. Microbial-based methods involve zearalenone conversion or adsorption, but not all transformation products are nontoxic. In this paper, the non-pathogenic microorganisms which have been found to detoxify ZEA in recent years are summarized. Then, two mechanisms by which ZEA can be detoxified (adsorption and biotransformation) are discussed in more detail. The compounds produced by the subsequent degradation of ZEA and the heterogeneous expression of ZEA-degrading enzymes are also analyzed. The development trends in the use of probiotics as a ZEA detoxification strategy are also evaluated. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a reliable reference strategy for the biological detoxification of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jiawen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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