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de Andrade AA, Brustolini O, Grivet M, Schrago C, Vasconcelos A. Predicting novel mosquito-associated viruses from metatranscriptomic dark matter. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae077. [PMID: 38962253 PMCID: PMC11217672 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of metatranscriptomic studies dedicated to arboviral surveillance in mosquitoes has yielded an unprecedented volume of unclassified sequences referred to as the virome dark matter. Mosquito-associated viruses are classified based on their host range into Mosquito-specific viruses (MSV) or Arboviruses. While MSV replication is restricted to mosquito cells, Arboviruses infect both mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts. We developed the MosViR pipeline designed to identify complex genomic discriminatory patterns for predicting novel MSV or Arboviruses from viral contigs as short as 500 bp. The pipeline combines the predicted probability score from multiple predictive models, ensuring a robust classification with Area Under ROC (AUC) values exceeding 0.99 for test datasets. To assess the practical utility of MosViR in actual cases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 24 published mosquito metatranscriptomic datasets. By mining this metatranscriptomic dark matter, we identified 605 novel mosquito-associated viruses, with eight putative novel Arboviruses exhibiting high probability scores. Our findings highlight the limitations of current homology-based identification methods and emphasize the potentially transformative impact of the MosViR pipeline in advancing the classification of mosquito-associated viruses. MosViR offers a powerful and highly accurate tool for arboviral surveillance and for elucidating the complexities of the mosquito RNA virome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otávio Brustolini
- Bioinformatics Laboratory (LABINFO), National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis 25651-076, Brazil
| | - Marco Grivet
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Schrago
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
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Rocha VC, Martins GF. Midgut morphology of the predator mosquito Lutzia bigoti (Diptera: Culicidae) and its implications for feeding behavior. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107289. [PMID: 38878848 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lutzia mosquitoes (Theobald, 1903) are predaceous during their larval stages, but the adult feeding is not clearly understood, especially in relation to blood feeding. In case these mosquitoes are harmless to humans and related animals, they can be useful in biological control of mosquito vectors of pathogens. Investigating the midgut morphology is a good strategy to understand the feeding behavior of this species. The midgut in Lutzia bigoti Bellardi, 1862 displays two distinct portions, a thin anterior midgut and a more dilated posterior midgut. Digestive cells form a single epithelium in the midgut. These cells have long and packed microvilli at their apex and membrane infoldings at their basal portion, the basal labyrinth. The epithelium is supported by a basal lamina. Regarding their cytoplasm, it is noteworthy the abundance of mitochondria, distributed in an apical-basal fashion, and also a whirl-shaped endoplasmic reticulum in the posterior midgut. Basal cells are also found in the midgut of L. bigoti, resembling regenerative cells. The general organization of L. bigoti's midgut closely resembles that of numerous hematophagous mosquitoes previously documented. However, it diverges due to the presence of a peritrophic matrix even when exclusively fed on sugary solutions. Peculiar aspects of L. bigoti's midgut are discussed and compared to those of other mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cordeiro Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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Da Veiga Leal S, Varela IBF, Monteiro DDS, Ramos de Sousa CM, da Luz Lima Mendonça M, De Pina AJ, Gonçalves AALM, Costa Osório H. Update on the composition and distribution of the mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cabo Verde, a country at risk for mosquito-borne diseases. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 61:919-924. [PMID: 38687673 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes play a critical role as vectors of pathogens affecting both humans and animals. Therefore, understanding their biodiversity and distribution is crucial to developing evidence-based vector control strategies. The current study updated the composition and distribution of mosquito species through a comprehensive survey of all municipalities of Cabo Verde. From October 2017 to September 2018, mosquito larvae and pupae were collected from 814 aquatic habitats. Anopheles gambiae (Giles, 1902) and Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) complexes were subjected to PCR-based techniques for sibling species identification. Ten mosquito species from 5 genera were identified: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771), Anopheles arabiensis (Patton, 1905), Anopheles pretoriensis (Theobald, 1903), Culex bitaeniorhynchus (Giles, 1901), Cx. pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles, 1901), Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart, 1838), and Lutzia tigripes (de Grandpre & de Charmoy, 1901). Santiago Island reported the highest number of species (n = 8). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the most widely distributed species across the country. An. arabiensis was the sole species identified within the An. gambiae complex. The findings from our study will help guide health policy decisions to effectively control mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvânia Da Veiga Leal
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Largo do Desastre da Assistência, Chã de Areia, Praia 719, Cabo Verde
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isaias Baptista Fernandes Varela
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Largo do Desastre da Assistência, Chã de Areia, Praia 719, Cabo Verde
| | - Davidson Daniel Sousa Monteiro
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Largo do Desastre da Assistência, Chã de Areia, Praia 719, Cabo Verde
| | - Celivianne Marisia Ramos de Sousa
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Largo do Desastre da Assistência, Chã de Areia, Praia 719, Cabo Verde
| | - Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Largo do Desastre da Assistência, Chã de Areia, Praia 719, Cabo Verde
| | - Adilson José De Pina
- Programa de Eliminação do Paludismo, CCS-SIDA, Ministério da Saúde, Várzea, Praia 855, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Hugo Costa Osório
- Centro de Estudos de Vectores e Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade 5, 2965-575 Águas de Moura, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Orf GS, Ahouidi AD, Mata M, Diedhiou C, Mboup A, Padane A, Manga NM, Dela-del Lawson AT, Averhoff F, Berg MG, Cloherty GA, Mboup S. Next-generation sequencing survey of acute febrile illness in Senegal (2020-2022). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362714. [PMID: 38655084 PMCID: PMC11037400 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due to the numerous causes and non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing and successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non-Plasmodium pathogens still contribute significantly to AFI burden. Thus, a more complete understanding of local trends and potential causes is important for selecting the correct treatment course, which in turn will reduce morbidity and mortality. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a laboratory setting can be used to identify known and novel pathogens in individuals with AFI. Methods In this study, plasma was collected from 228 febrile patients tested negative for malaria at clinics across Senegal from 2020-2022. Total nucleic acids were extracted and converted to metagenomic NGS libraries. To identify viral pathogens, especially those present at low concentration, an aliquot of each library was processed with a viral enrichment panel and sequenced. Corresponding metagenomic libraries were also sequenced to identify non-viral pathogens. Results and Discussion Sequencing reads for pathogens with a possible link to febrile illness were identified in 51/228 specimens, including (but not limited to): Borrelia crocidurae (N = 7), West Nile virus (N = 3), Rickettsia felis (N = 2), Bartonella quintana (N = 1), human herpesvirus 8 (N = 1), and Saffold virus (N = 1). Reads corresponding to Plasmodium falciparum were detected in 19 specimens, though their presence in the cohort was likely due to user error of rapid diagnostic testing or incorrect specimen segregation at the clinics. Mosquito-borne pathogens were typically detected just after the conclusion of the rainy season, while tick-borne pathogens were mostly detected before the rainy season. The three West Nile virus strains were phylogenetically characterized and shown to be related to both European and North American clades. Surveys such as this will increase the understanding of the potential causes of non-malarial AFI, which may help inform diagnostic and treatment options for clinicians who provide care to patients in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Orf
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Ambroise D. Ahouidi
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maximillian Mata
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Cyrille Diedhiou
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aminata Mboup
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdou Padane
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Noel Magloire Manga
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université Assane Seck, Hôpital de la Paix, Ziguinchor, Senegal
| | | | - Francisco Averhoff
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Michael G. Berg
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Gavin A. Cloherty
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation, Dakar, Senegal
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Hungwe FTT, Laycock KM, Ntereke TD, Mabaka R, Paganotti GM. A historical perspective on arboviruses of public health interest in Southern Africa. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:131-159. [PMID: 38082563 PMCID: PMC11141323 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2290375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are an existing and expanding threat globally, with the potential for causing devastating health and socioeconomic impacts. Mitigating this threat necessitates a One Health approach that integrates vector surveillance, rapid disease detection, and innovative prevention and control measures. In Southern Africa, limited data on the epidemiology of arboviruses, their vectors, and their hosts prevent an effective response. We reviewed the current knowledge on arboviruses in Southern Africa and identified opportunities for further research. A literature search was conducted to identify studies published on arboviruses in 10 tropical and temperate countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) from 1900 onward. We identified 280 studies, half (51.1%) originating from South Africa, that described 31 arboviral species, their vectors, and their clinical effects on hosts reported in the region. Arboviral research flourished in the SADC in the mid-20th century but then declined, before reemerging in the last two decades. Recent research consists largely of case reports describing outbreaks. Historical vector surveillance and serosurveys from the mid-20th century suggest that arboviruses are plentiful across Southern Africa, but large gaps remain in the current understanding of arboviral distribution, transmission dynamics, and public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith T. T. Hungwe
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine M. Laycock
- The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Rorisang Mabaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M. Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Han JJ, Song HA, Pierson SL, Shen-Gunther J, Xia Q. Emerging Infectious Diseases Are Virulent Viruses-Are We Prepared? An Overview. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2618. [PMID: 38004630 PMCID: PMC10673331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affected the global population, resulting in a significant loss of lives and global economic deterioration. COVID-19 highlighted the importance of public awareness and science-based decision making, and exposed global vulnerabilities in preparedness and response systems. Emerging and re-emerging viral outbreaks are becoming more frequent due to increased international travel and global warming. These viral outbreaks impose serious public health threats and have transformed national strategies for pandemic preparedness with global economic consequences. At the molecular level, viral mutations and variations are constantly thwarting vaccine efficacy, as well as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies. Here, we discuss viral infectious diseases that were epidemic and pandemic, currently available treatments, and surveillance measures, along with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine J. Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Hannah A. Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Sarah L. Pierson
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA;
| | - Jane Shen-Gunther
- Gynecologic Oncology & Clinical Investigation, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA;
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA;
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7
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Agboli E, Schulze J, Jansen S, Cadar D, Sreenu VB, Leggewie M, Altinli M, Badusche M, Jöst H, Börstler J, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Schnettler E. Interaction of Mesonivirus and Negevirus with arboviruses and the RNAi response in Culex tarsalis-derived cells. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:361. [PMID: 37833743 PMCID: PMC10576325 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) comprise a variety of different virus families, some of which are known to interfere with infections of medically important arboviruses. Viruses belonging to the family Mesoniviridae or taxon Negevirus harbor several insect-specific viruses, including MSVs, which are known for their wide geographical distribution and extensive host ranges. Although these viruses are regularly identified in mosquitoes all over the world, their presence in mosquitoes in Germany had not yet been reported. METHODS A mix of three MSVs (Yichang virus [Mesoniviridae] and two negeviruses [Daeseongdong virus and Dezidougou virus]) in a sample that contained a pool of Coquillettidia richiardii mosquitoes collected in Germany was used to investigate the interaction of these viruses with different arboviruses in Culex-derived cells. In addition, small RNA sequencing and analysis of different mosquito-derived cells infected with this MSV mix were performed. RESULTS A strain of Yichang virus (Mesoniviridae) and two negeviruses (Daeseongdong virus and Dezidougou virus) were identified in the Cq. richiardii mosquitoes sampled in Germany, expanding current knowledge of their circulation in central Europe. Infection of mosquito-derived cells with these three viruses revealed that they are targeted by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway. In Culex-derived cells, co-infection by these three viruses had varying effects on the representative arboviruses from different virus families (Togaviridae: Semliki forest virus [SFV]; Bunyavirales: Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus [BUNV]; or Flaviviridae: Usutu virus [USUV]). Specifically, persistent MSV co-infection inhibited BUNV infection, as well as USUV infection (but the latter only at specific time points). However, the impact on SFV infection was only noticeable at low multiplicity of infection (MOI 0.1) and at specific time points in combination with the infection status. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results are important findings that will lead to a better understanding of the complex interactions of MSVs, mosquitoes and arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Jonny Schulze
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jansen
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Cadar
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mayke Leggewie
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mine Altinli
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlis Badusche
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Börstler
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Esther Schnettler
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20148, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
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Akinsulie OC, Adesola RO, Aliyu VA, Oladapo IP, Hamzat A. Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Viral Encephalitides in West Africa. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:504-517. [PMID: 37736997 PMCID: PMC10514837 DOI: 10.3390/idr15050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain, often caused by an autoimmune reaction, or in most cases because of a direct viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. Viral encephalitides (VE) presents a significant public health concern globally, especially in West Africa. There are more than five hundred known arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), with over a hundred of them identified to cause encephalitic diseases in humans and animals, giving rise to a tremendous burden of the diseases and socioeconomic strains in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Despite their importance, few effective preventive and control measures in the form of vaccines and therapies are available, and when they are, their use is limited. These limitations are largely hinged on the paucity of information about the molecular epidemiology and transmission patterns of VE in West Africa. Here, we reviewed the transmission dynamics, molecular epidemiology, and the ecological drivers of VE in West Africa. Collectively, timely and accurate interventions are essential for encephalitic viral disease control. Moreover, the integrated health system approach, combining surveillance, vaccination, vector control, and community engagement, could be effective in preventing viral encephalitis globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdulafees Hamzat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
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Hamel R, Vargas REM, Rajonhson DM, Yamanaka A, Jaroenpool J, Wichit S, Missé D, Kritiyakan A, Chaisiri K, Morand S, Pompon J. Identification of the Tembusu Virus in Mosquitoes in Northern Thailand. Viruses 2023; 15:1447. [PMID: 37515135 PMCID: PMC10385312 DOI: 10.3390/v15071447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Among emerging zoonotic pathogens, mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) circulate between vertebrate animals and mosquitoes and represent a serious threat to humans via spillover from enzootic cycles to the human community. Active surveillance of MBVs in their vectors is therefore essential to better understand and prevent spillover and emergence, especially at the human-animal interface. In this study, we assessed the presence of MBVs using molecular and phylogenetic methods in mosquitoes collected along an ecological gradient ranging from rural urbanized areas to highland forest areas in northern Thailand. We have detected the presence of insect specific flaviviruses in our samples, and the presence of the emerging zoonotic Tembusu virus (TMUV). Reported for the first time in 1955 in Malaysia, TMUV remained for a long time in the shadow of other flaviviruses such as dengue virus or the Japanese encephalitis virus. In this study, we identified two new TMUV strains belonging to cluster 3, which seems to be endemic in rural areas of Thailand and highlighted the genetic specificities of this Thai cluster. Our results show the active circulation of this emerging flavivirus in Thailand and the need for continuous investigation on this poorly known but threatening virus in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit, Join Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dora Murielle Rajonhson
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiraporn Jaroenpool
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit, Join Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Anamika Kritiyakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chaisiri
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Serge Morand
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France
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Felicia Chukwuma I, Orizu Uchendu N, Onyekachukwu Asomadu R, Favour Chinedu Ezeorba W, Prince Chidike Ezeorba T. African and Holy Basil - A review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and toxicity of their Essential oil: Current trends and prospects for antimicrobial/anti-parasitic pharmacology. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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11
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Rezende TMT, Macera G, Heyndrickx L, Michiels J, Coppens S, Thibaut HJ, Dallmeier K, Van Esbroeck M, Neyts J, Ariën KK, Bartholomeeusen K. Validation of a Reporter Cell Line for Flavivirus Inhibition Assays. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0502722. [PMID: 36786659 PMCID: PMC10100686 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05027-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the validation of a new reporter cell line, Hec1a-IFNB-Luc, for use in inhibition studies of various flaviviruses relevant to human pathology. The reporter system allows the detection of viral replication after luciferase gene activation driven by an interferon beta (IFN-β) promoter. We found the reporter cell line to be highly responsive to all 10 flaviviruses tested, including the 4 dengue virus serotypes. The applicability of the Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line for serodiagnostic purposes in neutralizing antibody assays was confirmed by comparison of its sensitivity and specificity to those of "gold-standard," clinically applied, cytopathic effect-based assays, showing comparable performances. The reporter cell line used for the assessment of viral inhibition by small-molecule antiviral compounds was also confirmed, and the sensitivity of the Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line was compared to those from published data reporting on the activity of the antivirals in various other assays, indicating that the Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line allowed the determination of the inhibitory capacity at least as sensitive as alternative assays. By measuring luciferase activity as a proxy for viral replication, the reporter cell line allows early detection, reducing the time to results from often 5 to 7 days to 3 days, without the need for optical inspection of cytopathic effects, which often differ between viruses and cell lines, streamlining the development of flavivirus assays. IMPORTANCE The Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line allows the detection of all 10 flaviviruses tested, including the 4 dengue virus serotypes. Its use for serodiagnostic purposes, measuring neutralizing antibody activity in sera, and the assessment of the antiviral activities of small-molecule compounds was confirmed, and it was found to be comparable to clinically applied assays. The Hec1a-IFNB-Luc reporter cell line allows the rapid and quantitative determination of antiviral effects on multiple human pathological flaviviruses using a single protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M. T. Rezende
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gabriella Macera
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Coppens
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Reference Lab, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery (MVVD), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Virology Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zahouli JZB, Dibo JD, Diakaridia F, Yao LVA, Souza SD, Horstmann S, Koudou BG. Semi-field evaluation of the space spray efficacy of Fludora Co-Max EW against wild insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito populations from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:47. [PMID: 36732832 PMCID: PMC9893543 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Space spraying of insecticides is still an important means of controlling Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and arboviral diseases. This study evaluated the space spray efficacy of Fludora Co-Max EW, (water-based insecticide space spray combining flupyradifurone and transfluthrin with film forming aqueous spray technology (FFAST)), against wild insecticide-resistant Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, compared with K-Othrine EC (deltamethrin-only product), in small-scale field trials. METHODS Wild Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae were collected in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire from August to December 2020. Mosquito larvae were reared in the laboratory until the adult stage. Fludora Co-Max EW and K-Othrine EC were tested against emerged adult females (F0 generation) using ultra-low volume cold fogging (ULV) and thermal fogging (TF) delivery technology, both outdoors and indoors in Agboville, Côte d'Ivoire. Specifically, cages containing 20 mosquitoes each were placed at distances of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m from the spraying line for outdoor spraying, and at ceiling, mid-height and floor levels for indoor house spraying. Knockdown and mortality were recorded at each checkpoint and compared by treatments. RESULTS Overall, Fludora Co-Max EW induced significantly higher knockdown and mortality effects in the wild insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus compared with K-Othrine EC. In both species, mortality rates with Fludora Co-Max EW were > 80% (up to 100%) with the ULV spray outdoors at each distance checkpoint (i.e. 10-100 m), and 100% with the ULV and TF sprays indoors at all checkpoints (i.e. ceiling, mid-height and floor). K-Othrine EC induced high mortality indoors (97.9-100%), whereas mortality outdoors rapidly declined in Ae. aegypti from 96.7% (10 m) to 36.7% (100 m) with the ULV spray, and from 85.0% (10 m) to 38.3% (100 m) with the TF spray. Fludora Co-Max EW spray applied as ULV spray outdoors had higher knockdown and higher killing effects on Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus than when applied as TF spray. Fludora Co-Max EW performed better against Cx. quinquefasciatus than against Ae. aegypti. CONCLUSIONS Fludora Co-Max EW induced high mortality and knockdown effects against wild insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus Abidjan strains and performed better than K-Othrine EC. The presence of flupyradifurone and transfluthrin (with new and independent modes of action) and FFAST technology in the current Fludora Co-Max EW formulation appears to have broadened its killing capacity. Fludora Co-Max EW is thus an effective adulticide and may be a useful tool for Aedes and Culex mosquito and arbovirus control in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Z. B. Zahouli
- grid.462846.a0000 0001 0697 1172Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire ,grid.449926.40000 0001 0118 0881Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jean-Denis Dibo
- grid.462846.a0000 0001 0697 1172Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire ,grid.452889.a0000 0004 0450 4820Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui-Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Fofana Diakaridia
- grid.512166.70000 0004 0382 3934Institut National d’Hygiène Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Laurence V. A. Yao
- grid.462846.a0000 0001 0697 1172Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Sarah D. Souza
- Envu, 2022 Environmental Science FR S.A.S., France, Lyon, France
| | | | - Benjamin G. Koudou
- grid.462846.a0000 0001 0697 1172Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire ,grid.452889.a0000 0004 0450 4820Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui-Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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Ouédraogo WM, Toé KH, Sombié A, Viana M, Bougouma C, Sanon A, Weetman D, McCall PJ, Kanuka H, Badolo A. Impact of physicochemical parameters of Aedes aegypti breeding habitats on mosquito productivity and the size of emerged adult mosquitoes in Ouagadougou City, Burkina Faso. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:478. [PMID: 36539816 PMCID: PMC9768987 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeated occurrences in West Africa. In recent years, Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks, most notably in 2016 and 2017 when 80% of cases were recorded in Ouagadougou City (Central Health Region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector and to provide information for use in developing control measures, a study on the characteristics of Aedes container breeding sites and the productivity of such sites, as measured by the abundance of immature stages and resultant adult body size, was undertaken in three health districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo and Nongremassom) of Ouagadougou. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from August to October 2018. The presence of water containers was systematically recorded and the containers examined for the presence or absence of larvae. Characteristics of the container breeding sites, including size of the container and temperature, pH and conductivity of the water contained within, were recorded as well as the volume of water. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated as quantitative indicators of the risk of dengue outbreaks; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model was evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. RESULTS A total of 1061 container breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 contained immature stages of Ae. aegypti ('positive' containers). The most frequent container breeding sites found in each health district were tyres and both medium (buckets/cans/pots) and large (bins/barrels/drums) containers; these containers were also the most productive larval habitats and the types that most frequently tested positive. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, House and Container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised linear mixed models showed that larval and pupal abundances were associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics of the water and collection month, but there were significant differences among container types and among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with type and diameter of the container, as well as with electrical conductivity of the water, and negatively associated with pH and temperature of the water and with the level of exposure of the container to sunlight. CONCLUSION This study provides data on putative determinants of the productivity of habitats regarding Ae. aegypti immature stages. These data are useful to better understand Ae. aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that identifying and targeting the most productive container breeding sites could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendegoudi Mathias Ouédraogo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ,grid.491199.dProgramme National de Lutte Contre Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kobié Hyacinthe Toé
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ,grid.507461.10000 0004 0413 3193Institut National de Santé Publique, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboubacar Sombié
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mafalda Viana
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clarisse Bougouma
- grid.491199.dProgramme National de Lutte Contre Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - David Weetman
- grid.48004.380000 0004 1936 9764Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip J. McCall
- grid.48004.380000 0004 1936 9764Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hirotaka Kanuka
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Surveillance of arthropod-borne viruses in Benin, West Africa 2020-2021: detection of dengue virus 3 in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Mil Med Res 2022; 9:64. [PMID: 36372882 PMCID: PMC9661747 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ali IM, Tchuenkam VPK, Colton M, Stittleburg V, Mitchell C, Gaither C, Thwai K, Espinoza DO, Zhu Y, Jamal H, Key A, Juliano JJ, Christopher TB, Piantadosi A, Waggoner JJ, Collins MH. Arboviruses as an unappreciated cause of non-malarial acute febrile illness in the Dschang Health District of western Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010790. [PMID: 36223421 PMCID: PMC9591055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute febrile illness is a common problem managed by clinicians and health systems globally, particularly in the Tropics. In many regions, malaria is a leading and potentially deadly cause of fever; however, myriad alternative etiologies exist. Identifying the cause of fever allows optimal management, but this depends on many factors including thorough knowledge of circulating infections. Arboviruses such as dengue (DENV) cause fever and may be underdiagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is a major focus. We examined cases of fever in western Cameroon that tested negative for malaria and found 13.5% (13/96) were due to DENV, with 75% (9/12) of these being DENV serotype 2 infections. Two complete DENV2 genomes were obtained and clustered closely to recent isolates from Senegal and Burkina Faso. The seroprevalence of DENV in this region was 24.8% (96/387). Neutralizing antibodies to DENV2 were detected in all (15/15) seropositive samples tested. Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the same principal vector as DENV. The seroprevalence for CHIKV was 15.7% (67/427); however, CHIKV did not cause a single case of fever in the 96 subjects tested. Of note, being seropositive for one arbovirus was associated with being seropositive for the other (Χ2 = 16.8, p<0.001). Taken together, these data indicate that Aedes-transmitted arboviruses are endemic in western Cameroon and are likely a common but underappreciated cause of febrile illness. This work supports the need for additional study of arboviruses in sub-Saharan Africa and efforts to improve diagnostic capacity, surveillance systems, and arbovirus prevention strategies. Acute illness with fever is common but can be challenging for clinicians to manage, particularly in resource-limited settings. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a major cause of fever, but other causes of fever are poorly documented or monitored, which impairs optimal medical care to patients and implementation of public health interventions to control leading causes of disease. Viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a prevalent and expanding problem throughout the tropics and beyond; however, there is concern that these infections frequently go undetected in sub-Saharan Africa. We discovered a previously unrecognized outbreak of dengue virus in western Cameroon by testing remnant samples from over 400 patients that presented with fever. Our results indicate that dengue has circulated in this region for decades with little recognition. This study adds important information about causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa and advocates for increasing investment in surveillance systems and prevention strategies for mosquito-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Valery P. K. Tchuenkam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Mia Colton
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victoria Stittleburg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cedar Mitchell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claudia Gaither
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyaw Thwai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Espinoza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yerun Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haaris Jamal
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Autum Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan J. Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tume B. Christopher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jesse J. Waggoner
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Agboli E, Tomazatos A, Maiga-Ascofaré O, May J, Lühken R, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Jöst H. Arbovirus Epidemiology: The Mystery of Unnoticed Epidemics in Ghana, West Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1914. [PMID: 36296190 PMCID: PMC9610185 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that all the countries surrounding Ghana have experienced epidemics of key arboviruses of medical importance, such as the recent dengue fever epidemic in Burkina Faso. Therefore, Ghana is considered a ripe zone for epidemics of arboviruses, mainly dengue. Surprisingly, Ghana never experienced the propounded deadly dengue epidemic. Indeed, it is mysterious because the mosquito vectors capable of transmitting the dengue virus, such as Aedes aegypti, were identified in Ghana through entomological investigations. Additionally, cases may be missed, as the diagnostic and surveillance capacities of the country are weak. Therefore, we review the arbovirus situation and outline probable reasons for the epidemic mystery in the country. Most of the recorded cases of arbovirus infections were usually investigated via serology by detecting IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in clinical samples, which is indicative of prior exposure but not an active case. This led to the identification of yellow fever virus and dengue virus as the main circulating arboviruses among the Ghanaian population. However, major yellow fever epidemics were reported for over a decade. It is important to note that the reviewed arboviruses were not frequently detected in the vectors. The data highlight the necessity of strengthening the diagnostics and the need for continuous arbovirus and vector surveillance to provide an early warning system for future arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Alexandru Tomazatos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oumou Maiga-Ascofaré
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi 039-5028, Ghana
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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Chauhan L, Matthews E, Piquet AL, Henao-Martinez A, Franco-Paredes C, Tyler KL, Beckham D, Pastula DM. Nervous System Manifestations of Arboviral Infections. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022; 9:107-118. [PMID: 36124288 PMCID: PMC9476420 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Complex environmental factors and human intervention influence the spread of arthropod vectors and the cycle of transmission of arboviruses. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is diverse, ranging from serious presentations like viral hemorrhagic fever (e.g., dengue, yellow fever, rift valley fever) or shock syndromes (e.g., dengue virus) to organ-specific illness like meningoencephalitis. Recent Findings A spectrum of clinical neurologic syndromes with potential acute devastating consequences or long-term sequelae may result from some arboviral infections. Summary In this review, we describe some of the most frequent and emerging neuro-invasive arboviral infections, spectrum of neurologic disorders including encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis or poliomyelitis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and ocular syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Chauhan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Elizabeth Matthews
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Amanda L. Piquet
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Andrés Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, México
| | - Kenneth L. Tyler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - David Beckham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Daniel M. Pastula
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO USA
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Klein RS. Encephalitic Arboviruses of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation and Neuropathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:769942. [PMID: 35003087 PMCID: PMC8733932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mosquito-borne viruses (arboviruses) are endemic in Africa, contributing to systemic and neurological infections in various geographical locations on the continent. While most arboviral infections do not lead to neuroinvasive diseases of the central nervous system, neurologic diseases caused by arboviruses include flaccid paralysis, meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, neuritis, and post-infectious autoimmune or memory disorders. Here we review endemic members of the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families that cause neurologic infections, their neuropathogenesis and host neuroimmunological responses in Africa. We also discuss the potential for neuroimmune responses to aide in the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics, and current knowledge gaps to be addressed by arbovirus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology & Neuroinfectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Special Issue “Mosquito-Borne Virus Ecology”. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020357. [PMID: 35215949 PMCID: PMC8875898 DOI: 10.3390/v14020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wilke ABB, Benelli G, Beier JC. Anthropogenic changes and associated impacts on vector-borne diseases. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:1027-1030. [PMID: 34686421 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization impacts the community composition, abundance, and richness of mosquitoes. As urbanization processes increase globally, it is important to better understand the biodiversity loss caused by anthropogenic changes and associated impacts on vector-borne diseases. Mosquito surveillance and control are key for reducing the risk of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B B Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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