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Khadka S, Regmi SM, Subedi N, Poudel A, Bhandari DR, Karn M, Pradhan S, Shrestha P. Evaluation of SARS-Cov-2 neutralizing antibody among Sinopharm Vero Cell (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinated medical students. Hum Antibodies 2024:HAB240029. [PMID: 39031351 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding seropositivity and vaccine efficacy among medical students is scarce. This study aims to detect the status of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies among the Sinopharm's Vero Cell (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinated medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from March through August 2022. The level of SARS-CoV-2 serum- neutralizing IgG antibody was measured and its relation with participants' age and sex, duration of vaccination, and any comorbid condition was determined. RESULTS A total of 110 medical students were included in the final analysis, the majority being females (65.5%) and the mean age is 23.1 ± 3.2 years. Most of the students (96.4%) had neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Among the 29 (26.36%) students who received a booster dose, the positivity rate was 100%. The mean IgG levels were 9.57 ± 9.58 μg/ml and 2.91 ± 2.47 μg/ml among students receiving an additional booster dose and among those not receiving it, respectively. In the cohort receiving a booster dose of the vaccine, the average value of neutralizing IgG antibodies was high. In contrast, the ones not receiving it, the titers were low and showed a declining trend. CONCLUSION Though the dose strategy of the Sinopharm vaccine is effective, booster vaccination may be an important strategy to ensure protection among medical students, who are at high risk of COVID-19 due to constant patient exposure during their training. Further studies should assess vaccine efficacy among individuals who received other vaccines as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Khadka
- Pokhara Bigyan Tatha Prabidhi Campus, Pokhara, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Sanjib Mani Regmi
- Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Nuwadatta Subedi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Arjun Poudel
- Gandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Gandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Mitesh Karn
- School of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Shanti Pradhan
- Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
| | - Prabin Shrestha
- School of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Gandaki Province, Nepal
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Rottmayer K, Schwarze M, Jassoy C, Hoffmann R, Loeffler-Wirth H, Lehmann C. Potential of a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:273. [PMID: 38666885 PMCID: PMC11047883 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 play a pivotal role in the definition of whether patients are infected, the understanding of viral epidemiology, the screening of convalescent sera for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, and in obtaining a better understanding of the immune response towards the virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a bead-based multiplex assay. This assay allowed for the simultaneous testing of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike, S1, S2, RBD, and nucleocapsid moieties and S1 of seasonal coronaviruses hCoV-22E, hCoV-HKU1, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-OC43, as well as MERS and SARS-CoV. We compared the bead-based multiplex assay with commercial ELISA tests. We tested the sera of 27 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals who were previously tested with different ELISA assays. Additionally, we investigated the reproducibility of the results by means of multiple testing of the same sera. Finally, the results were correlated with neutralising assays. In summary, the concordance of the qualitative results ranged between 78% and 96% depending on the ELISA assay and the specific antigen. Repeated freezing-thawing cycles resulted in reduced mean fluorescence intensity, while the storage period had no influence in this respect. In our test cohort, we detected up to 36% of sera positive for the development of neutralising antibodies, which is in concordance with the bead-based multiplex and IgG ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rottmayer
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Schwarze
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, IZBI, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Claudia Lehmann
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Campos GRF, Almeida NBF, Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Gomes SVC, de Miranda DAP, de Assis JV, Silva TBDS, Alves PA, Fernandes GDR, de Oliveira JG, Rahal P, Grenfell RFQ, Nogueira ML. Second booster dose improves antibody neutralization against BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1 in individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac plus BNT162B2 booster protocol. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371695. [PMID: 38638823 PMCID: PMC11024236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccines production and distribution enabled the return to normalcy worldwide, but it was not fast enough to avoid the emergence of variants capable of evading immune response induced by prior infections and vaccination. This study evaluated, against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1, the antibody response of a cohort vaccinated with a two doses CoronaVac protocol and followed by two heterologous booster doses. Methods To assess vaccination effectiveness, serum samples were collected from 160 individuals, in 3 different time points (9, 12 and 18 months after CoronaVac protocol). For each time point, individuals were divided into 3 subgroups, based on the number of additional doses received (No booster, 1 booster and 2 boosters), and a viral microneutralization assay was performed to evaluate neutralization titers and seroconvertion rate. Results The findings presented here show that, despite the first booster, at 9m time point, improved neutralization level against omicron ancestor BA.1 (133.1 to 663.3), this trend was significantly lower for BQ.1.1 and BA.5 (132.4 to 199.1, 63.2 to 100.2, respectively). However, at 18m time point, the administration of a second booster dose considerably improved the antibody neutralization, and this was observed not only against BA.1 (2361.5), but also against subvariants BQ.1.1 (726.1) and BA.5 (659.1). Additionally, our data showed that, after first booster, seroconvertion rate for BA.5 decayed over time (93.3% at 12m to 68.4% at 18m), but after the second booster, seroconvertion was completely recovered (95% at 18m). Discussion Our study reinforces the concerns about immunity evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants, where BA.5 and BQ.1.1 were less neutralized by vaccine induced antibodies than BA.1. On the other hand, the administration of a second booster significantly enhanced antibody neutralization capacity against these subvariants. It is likely that, as new SARS-CoV-2 subvariants continue to emerge, additional immunizations will be needed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R. F. Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Amormino Corsini
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alvim Pena de Miranda
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Vieira de Assis
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Bárbara de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Generalova LV, Laryushkin DP, Leneva IA, Ivanina AV, Trunova GV, Dolinnyi SV, Generalov EA. Evaluation of the Polysaccharide "Immeran" Activity in Syrian hamsters' Model of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2024; 16:423. [PMID: 38543788 PMCID: PMC10976179 DOI: 10.3390/v16030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease with a high number of lethal cases in humans, which causes the need to search for new therapeutic agents. Polysaccharides could be one of the prospective types of molecules with a large variety of biological activities, especially antiviral. The aim of this work was to study the specific antiviral activity of the drug "Immeran" on a model of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters. Based on the second experiment, intraperitoneal treatment with the drug according to a treatment regimen in doses of 500 and 1000 μg/kg (administration after an hour, then once a day every other day, a total of 3 administrations) was effective, reliably suppressing the replication of the virus in the lungs and, at a dose of 1000 μg/kg, prevented weight loss in animals. In all cases, the treatment stimulated the formation of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which suggests that the drug possesses adjuvant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Viktorovna Generalova
- Faculty of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.G.); (S.V.D.)
| | - Denis Pavlovich Laryushkin
- Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Irina Anatolievna Leneva
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (A.V.I.)
| | - Anna Valerievna Ivanina
- Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Department of Virology, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.L.); (A.V.I.)
| | - Galina Vladimirovna Trunova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Radiological Center (FSBI NMRRC) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, P.A. Hertsen Moscow, Oncology Research Institute, 125284 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergei Vladimirovich Dolinnyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.G.); (S.V.D.)
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Rafique Z, Durkalski‐Mauldin V, Peacock WF, Yadav K, Reynolds JC, Callaway CW. Sex-specific disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2024; 5:e13110. [PMID: 38283615 PMCID: PMC10811409 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sex-specific disparities in morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 illness are not well understood. Neutralizing antibodies (Ab) may protect against severe COVID-19 illness. We investigated the association of sex with disease progression and SARS-CoV-2 Ab response. Methods In this exploratory analysis of the phase 3, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled Convalescent Plasma in Outpatients (C3PO) trial, we examined whether sex was associated with progression to severe illness, defined as a composite of all-cause hospitalization, emergency/urgent care visit, or death within 15 days from study enrollment. Patients had a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test, symptom onset within 7 days, stable condition for emergency department discharge, and were either ≥50 years old or had at least one high-risk feature for disease progression. Patients received blinded convalescent plasma or placebo in a 1:1 fashion and were evaluated on days 15 and 30 after infusion. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (pre-/post-infusion), 15, and 30 to measure Ab levels with the Broad Institute using the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test assay. Results Of 511 patients enrolled (median age 54 [Iinterquartile range 41-62] years, 46% male, 66% white, 20% black, 3.5% Asian), disease progression occurred in 36.7% of males and 25.9% of females (unadjusted risk difference 10.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-18.8%). Sex-disparities did not persist when adjusted for treatment group, age, viremic status, symptom onset, and tobacco use (adjusted risk difference 5.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.2% to 13.4%), but were present in the subgroup presenting 3 or more days after symptom onset (adjusted risk difference 12.6%, 95% CI, 3.4% to 21.9%). Mean baseline Ab levels (log scale) available for 367 patients were similar between sexes (difference 0.19 log units, 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.46). The log-scale mean increase from baseline to day 15 after adjusting for treatment assignment and baseline levels was larger in males than females (3.26 vs. 2.67). A similar difference was noted when the groups were subdivided by outcome. Conclusions Progression of COVID-19 was similar in males and females when adjusted for age, tobacco use, and viremia status in this study. However, in the cohort presenting 3 or more days after symptom onset, COVID-19 outcomes were worse in males than females. Neutralizing Ab levels increased more in males but did not correlate with sex differences in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaid Rafique
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHenry J N Taub General HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - William F. Peacock
- Department of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kabir Yadav
- Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor‐UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joshua C. Reynolds
- Department of Emergency MedicineMichigan State University College of Human MedicineGrand RapidsMichiganUSA
| | - Clifton W. Callaway
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Mohammadi A, Chiang S, Li F, Wei F, Lau CS, Aziz M, Ibarrondo FJ, Fulcher JA, Yang OO, Chia D, Kim Y, Wong DT. Direct Detection of 4-Dimensions of SARS-CoV-2: Infection (vRNA), Infectivity (Antigen), Binding Antibody, and Functional Neutralizing Antibody in Saliva. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3745787. [PMID: 38234820 PMCID: PMC10793499 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745787/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We developed a 4-parameter clinical assay using Electric Field Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM) technology to simultaneously assess SARS-CoV-2 RNA (vRNA), nucleocapsid antigen, host binding (BAb) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels from a drop of saliva with performance that equals or surpasses current EUA-approved tests. The vRNA and antigen assays achieved lower limit of detection (LOD) of 100 copies/reaction and 3.5 TCID₅₀/mL, respectively. The vRNA assay differentiated between acutely infected (n=10) and infection-naïve patients (n=33) with an AUC of 0.9818, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 100%. The antigen assay similarly differentiated these patient populations with an AUC of 1.000. The BAb assay detected BAbs with an LOD of 39 pg/mL and distinguished acutely infected (n=35), vaccinated with prior infection (n=13), and vaccinated infection-naïve patients (n=13) from control (n=81) with AUC of 0.9481, 1.000, and 0.9962, respectively. The NAb assay detected NAbs with an LOD of 31.6 Unit/mL and differentiated between COVID-19 recovered or vaccinated patients (n=31) and pre-pandemic controls (n=60) with an AUC 0.923, sensitivity of 87.10%, and specificity of 86.67%. Our multiparameter assay represents a significant technological advancement to simultaneously address SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity, and it lays the foundation for tackling potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadi
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Chiang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Aziz
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J. Ibarrondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Chia
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David T.W. Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wan Shuaib WMA, Badaruddin IA, Mansor M, Salleh SA, Hassan MR, Lindong S, Samad SN, Othman H. SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG & Neutralizing antibodies among different categories of health care workers post third dose BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2266931. [PMID: 37828861 PMCID: PMC10578183 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2266931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NTAb) play a significant role in preventing and protecting against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Identifying NTAb is undoubtedly imperative in understanding the immunity toward COVID-19 better. However, it is interesting to note that the production of NTAb varies among individuals, especially among healthcare workers (HCWs), as they are exposed to the virus daily. Hence, we would like to investigate factors affecting the production of S-RBD IgG and NTAb among different categories of HCWs, particularly after receiving the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. A total of 361 HCWs from our hospital were prospectively enrolled and had their S-RBD IgG and NTAb titers measured. They were studied in relation to the degree of exposure to COVID-19, breakthrough infections, gender, age, race, household income, housing type, household number, and education levels. HCWs with the highest risk of exposure to COVID-19, breakthrough infections, and male gender displayed the highest median titers of both S-RBD IgG and NTAb, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). Age, race, household income, housing type, household number, and education levels were revealed to be insignificant. We concluded that the degree of exposure to COVID-19, breakthrough infections, and male gender are significant factors in NTAb production among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Muhammad Azfar Wan Shuaib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Izzatul Aliaa Badaruddin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Mansor
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic Services (JPMD), Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Azura Salleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Steward Lindong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic Services (JPMD), Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahril Nizam Samad
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic Services (JPMD), Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanita Othman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nurisyah S, Iyori M, Hasyim AA, Sakamoto A, Hashimoto H, Yamagata K, Yamauchi S, Amru K, Zainal KH, Idris I, Yoshida S, Djaharuddin I, Syafruddin D, Bukhari A, Asih PBS, Yusuf Y. Comparison between Neutralization Capacity of Antibodies Elicited by COVID-19 Natural Infection and Vaccination in Indonesia: A Prospective Cohort. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:60. [PMID: 37753974 PMCID: PMC10526084 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To fight the COVID-19 pandemic, immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be achieved not only through natural infection but also by vaccination. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on previously infected persons is debatable. METHODS A prospective cohort was undergone to collect sera from unvaccinated survivors and vaccinated persons-with and without COVID-19 pre-infection. The sera were analyzed for the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) titers by ELISA and for the capacity to neutralize the pseudovirus of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain by luciferase assays. RESULTS Neither the antibody titers nor the neutralization capacity was significantly different between the three groups. However, the correlation between the antibody titers and the percentage of viral neutralization derived from sera of unvaccinated survivors was higher than that from vaccinated persons with pre-infection and vaccinated naïve individuals (Spearman correlation coefficient (r) = -0.8558; 95% CI, -0.9259 to -0.7288), p < 0.0001 vs. -0.7855; 95% CI, -0.8877 to -0.6096, p < 0.0001 and -0.581; 95% CI, -0.7679 to -0.3028, p = 0.0002, respectively), indicating the capacity to neutralize the virus is most superior by infection alone. CONCLUSIONS Vaccines induce anti-RBD titers as high as the natural infection with lower neutralization capacity, and it does not boost immunity in pre-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitti Nurisyah
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital, Makassar 90241, Indonesia
| | - Mitsuhiro Iyori
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan;
| | - Ammar Abdurrahman Hasyim
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hinata Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kyouhei Yamagata
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Saya Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Khaeriah Amru
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital, Makassar 90241, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Hardianti Zainal
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Irfan Idris
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Shigeto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (A.A.H.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (K.Y.); (S.Y.); (K.H.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Irawaty Djaharuddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Dr. Wahidin Soedirohusodo Hospital, Makassar 90425, Indonesia
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Puji Budi Setia Asih
- Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (National Research and Innovation Agency), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia;
| | - Yenni Yusuf
- Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.N.); (K.A.); (I.I.); (I.D.); (D.S.); (A.B.)
- Hasanuddin University Medical Research Centre, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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9
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Gillot C, Bayart JL, Closset M, Cabo J, Maloteau V, Dogné JM, Douxfils J, Favresse J. Peri-infection titers of neutralizing and binding antibodies as a predictor of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated healthcare professionals: importance of the timing. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1670-1675. [PMID: 36999398 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine is highly effective in reducing COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death. However, many subjects developed a breakthrough infection despite a full vaccination scheme. Since the waned efficacy of mRNA vaccines is correlated with the decrease of antibodies occurring over time, we aimed at evaluating whether lower levels of antibodies were associated with an increased risk of breakthrough infection in a cohort of breakthrough subjects that received three vaccine doses. METHODS Total binding antibodies against the RBD of the S1 subunit (Roche Diagnostics, Machelen, Belgium) and neutralizing antibodies using the Omicron B.1.1.529 variant pseudovirus were measured. Based on individual kinetic curves, the antibody titer of each subject was interpolated just before the breakthrough infection and compared to a matched-control group that did not develop a breakthrough infection. RESULTS Lower levels of total binding and neutralizing antibodies were observed compared to the control group (6.900 [95% CI; 5.101-9.470] vs. 11.395 BAU/mL [8.627-15.050] [p=0.0301] and 26.6 [18.0-39.3] vs. 59.5 dilution titer-1 [32.3-110] [p=0.0042], respectively). The difference between breakthrough and control subjects was mostly observed for neutralizing antibodies before three months after the homologous booster administration (46.5 [18.2-119] vs. 381 [285-509] [p=0.0156]). Considering the measurement of total binding antibodies before 3 months, there was no significant difference (p=0.4375). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results showed that subjects that developed a breakthrough infection had lower levels of neutralizing and total binding antibodies compared to controls. The difference was mostly noticeable considering neutralizing antibodies, especially for infections occurring before 3 months after the booster administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Closset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Vincent Maloteau
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Research and Development Department, Qualiblood s.a., Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
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10
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Montes-Herrera D, Muñoz-Medina JE, Fernandes-Matano L, Salas-Lais AG, Hernández-Cueto MDLÁ, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Monroy-Muñoz IE, Angeles-Martínez J. Association of Obesity with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Relationship with the Humoral Response Prior to Vaccination in the State of Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2630. [PMID: 37627889 PMCID: PMC10453006 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of contracting infections. This study aimed to estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection associated with obesity and to assess its role in the specific antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in 2021. This study included 980 participants from the State of Mexico who participated in a serological survey where they were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD antibodies and asked for height, weight, and previous infection data via a questionnaire. Of the cohort of 980 participants, 451 (46.02%) were seropositive at the time of recruitment (45.2% symptomatic and 54.8% asymptomatic). The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with obesity was 2.18 (95% CI: 1.51-3.16), 2.58 (95% CI: 1.63-4.09), and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.18-2.98) for seropositive, asymptomatic, and symptomatic individuals, respectively, compared to those with normal weight. Anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies tended to be higher in overweight and obese participants in the seropositive group and stratified by different obesity classes. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibodies and BMI in both men and women in the seropositive group. Obesity is an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection when adjusted for confounding variables; however, the relationship between BMI and anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels differed markedly in the presence or absence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montes-Herrera
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.)
| | - Larissa Fernandes-Matano
- Quality of Supplies and Specialized Laboratories Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico; (J.E.M.-M.)
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
| | | | | | - Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz
- Reproductive and Perinatal Health Research Department, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Javier Angeles-Martínez
- Central Epidemiology Laboratory, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02990, Mexico; (D.M.-H.); (A.G.S.-L.)
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11
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Wasserman EB, Sills AK, Martins D, Casolaro A, Walton P, Anderson D, Pasha S, O'Neal C, Eichner D, Osterholm M, Mancell J, Mack CD. Factors associated with antibody titer levels among an occupational cohort of fully vaccinated individuals and subsequent risk of COVID-19 infection: A cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28999. [PMID: 37554019 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
This study (1) determined the association of time since initial vaccine regimen, booster dose receipt, and COVID-19 history with antibody titer, as well as change in titer levels over a defined period, and (2) determined risk of COVID-19 associated with low titer levels. This observational study used data from staff participating in the National Football League COVID-19 Monitoring Program. A cohort of staff consented to antibody-focused sub-study, during which detailed longitudinal data were collected. Among all staff in the program who received antibody testing, COVID-19 incidence following antibody testing was determined. Five hundred eighty-six sub-study participants completed initial antibody testing; 80% (469) completed follow-up testing 50-101 days later. Among 389 individuals who were not boosted at initial testing, the odds of titer < 1000 AU/mL (vs. ≥1000 AU/mL) increased 44% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.75) for every 30 days since final dose. Among 126 participants boosted before initial testing with no COVID-19 history, 125 (99%) had a value > 2500 AU/ml; 86 (96%) of 90 tested at follow-up and did not develop COVID-19 in the interim remained at that value. One thousand fifty-seven fully vaccinated (330 [29%] boosted at antibody test) individuals participating in the monitoring program were followed to determine COVID-19 status. Individuals with titer value < 1000 AU/mL had twice the risk of COVID-19 as those with >2500 AU/mL (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.28-3.18). Antibody levels decrease postvaccination; boosting increases titer values. While antibody level is not a clear proxy for infection immunity, lower titer values are associated with higher COVID-19 incidence, suggesting increased protection from boosters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damion Martins
- Atlantic Sports Health, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anthony Casolaro
- MD2 McLean, Virginia Hospital Center, Tysons Corner, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Deverick Anderson
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Infection Control Education for Major Sports, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saamir Pasha
- IQVIA Real-World Solutions, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine O'Neal
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel Eichner
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jimmie Mancell
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Brebant D, Couffignal C, Manchon P, Duquesne S, Picone O, Vauloup-Fellous C. Transplacental transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in comparison to other pathogens total antibodies. J Clin Virol 2023; 165:105495. [PMID: 37295035 PMCID: PMC10212596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Due to immaturity of their immune system, passive maternal immunization is essential for newborns during their first months of life. Therefore, in the current context of intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2, identifying factors influencing the transfer ratio (TR) of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (NAb) appears important. METHODS Our study nested in the COVIPREG cohort (NCT04355234), included mothers who had a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive during their pregnancy and their newborns. Maternal and neonatal NAb levels were measured with the automated iFlash system. RESULTS For the 173 mother-infant pairs included in our study, the median gestational age (GA) at delivery was 39.4 weeks of gestation (WG), and 29.7 WG at maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a multivariate logistic model, having a NAb TR above 1 was positively associated with a longer delay from maternal positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR to delivery (aOR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.17) and with a later GA at delivery (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.52). It was negatively associated with being a male newborn (aOR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.59). In 3rd trimester SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, NAb TR was inferior to VZV, toxoplasmosis, CMV, measle and rubella's TR. However, in 1st or 2nd trimester infected mothers, only measle TR was different from NAb TR. CONCLUSION Male newborn of mothers infected by SARS-CoV-2 during their pregnancy appear to have less protection against SARS-CoV-2 in their first months of life than female newborns. Measle TR was superior to NAb TR even in case of 1st or 2nd trimester maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future studies are needed to investigate possible differences in transmission of NAb following infection vs vaccination and its impact on TR.
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MESH Headings
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Male
- Female
- COVID-19/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- Delivery, Obstetric
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Infant, Newborn
- Sex Characteristics
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Vaccination
- Pregnancy Complications/blood
- Pregnancy Complications/immunology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/immunology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
- Paris
- Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Brebant
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology department, Villejuif 94800, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France.
| | - Camille Couffignal
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM CIC-EC 1425, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Clinical Research Department, France
| | - Pauline Manchon
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM CIC-EC 1425, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Clinical Research Department, France
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology department, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- Université Paris Cité, Hôpital louis Mourier, Obstetrical department, France; IAME U1137, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France
| | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology department, Villejuif 94800, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France.
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13
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Asahi N, Sakamaki I, Hida Y, Torii K, Hashimoto N, Iwasaki H, Iwano M, Kimura H. Antibody level dynamics until after the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17477. [PMID: 37361132 PMCID: PMC10284618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody titers of volunteers, including elderly people, were investigated after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) as an mRNA vaccine against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Serum samples were collected from 105 volunteers (44 healthcare workers and 61 elderly people) 7-14 days after the second vaccine dose, and antibody titers were measured. The antibody titers of study participants in their 20s were significantly higher than those of other age groups. Furthermore, the antibody titers of participants aged <60 years were significantly higher than those of participants aged ≥60 years. Serum samples were repeatedly collected from 44 healthcare workers until after the third vaccine dose. Eight months after the second round of vaccination, the antibody titer levels decreased to the same level as that before the second vaccine dose. After the third booster vaccination, the antibody titer recovered to the same level as that after the second dose. Neutralizing activities were also investigated at four time points before and after the second vaccine dose. The antibody titers and neutralizing activity were positively correlated. Therefore, neutralizing activity can be predicted by measuring the antibody titer. In conclusion, the antibody titers in the elderly population were significantly lower than those in the younger population. Although the antibody titers increased following vaccination, their levels showed a decline after several months, returning to the same level as that after a single dose of mRNA vaccination. The antibody titer levels recovered after the third dose of vaccination, which had already been administered in Japan. Routine administration of vaccine should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Asahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ippei Sakamaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukio Hida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kunio Torii
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Departmfent of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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14
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Kemp TJ, Hempel HA, Pan Y, Roy D, Cherry J, Lowy DR, Pinto LA. Assay Harmonization Study To Measure Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines: a Serology Methods Study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0535322. [PMID: 37191544 PMCID: PMC10269912 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05353-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented the scientific community with an immediate need for accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology assays, resulting in an expansion of assay development, some without following a rigorous quality control and validation, and with a wide range of performance characteristics. Vast amounts of data have been gathered on SARS-CoV-2 antibody response; however, performance and ability to compare the results have been challenging. This study seeks to analyze the reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of a set of widely used commercial, in-house, and neutralization serology assays, as well as provide evidence for the feasibility of using the World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS) as a harmonization tool. This study also seeks to demonstrate that binding immunoassays may serve as a practical alternative for the serological study of large sample sets in lieu of expensive, complex, and less reproducible neutralization assays. In this study, commercial assays demonstrated the highest specificity, while in-house assays excelled in antibody sensitivity. As expected, neutralization assays demonstrated high levels of variability but overall good correlations with binding immunoassays, suggesting that binding may be reasonably accurate as well as practical for the study of SARS-CoV-2 serology. All three assay types performed well after WHO IS standardization. The results of this study demonstrate there are high performing serology assays available to the scientific community to rigorously dissect antibody responses to infection and vaccination. IMPORTANCE Previous studies have shown significant variability in SARS-CoV-2 antibody serology assays, highlighting the need for evaluation and comparison of these assays using the same set of samples covering a wide range of antibody responses induced by infection or vaccination. This study demonstrated that there are high performing assays that can be used reliably to evaluate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the context of infection and vaccination. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of harmonizing these assays against the International Standard and provided evidence that the binding immunoassays may have high enough correlation with the neutralization assays to serve as a practical proxy. These results represent an important step in standardizing and harmonizing the many different serological assays used to evaluate COVID-19 immune responses in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J. Kemp
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Heidi A. Hempel
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuanji Pan
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Daisy Roy
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James Cherry
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas R. Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ligia A. Pinto
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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15
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Xenakis MN. Generalizing the Wells-Riley Infection Probability: A Superstatistical Scheme for Indoor Infection Risk Estimation. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:896. [PMID: 37372240 DOI: 10.3390/e25060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence supports that air is the main transmission pathway of the recently identified SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. Estimating the infection risk associated with an indoor space remains an open problem due to insufficient data concerning COVID-19 outbreaks, as well as, methodological challenges arising from cases where environmental (i.e., out-of-host) and immunological (i.e., within-host) heterogeneities cannot be neglected. This work addresses these issues by introducing a generalization of the elementary Wells-Riley infection probability model. To this end, we adopted a superstatistical approach where the exposure rate parameter is gamma-distributed across subvolumes of the indoor space. This enabled us to construct a susceptible (S)-exposed (E)-infected (I) dynamics model where the Tsallis entropic index q quantifies the degree of departure from a well-mixed (i.e., homogeneous) indoor-air-environment state. A cumulative-dose mechanism is employed to describe infection activation in relation to a host's immunological profile. We corroborate that the six-foot rule cannot guarantee the biosafety of susceptible occupants, even for exposure times as short as 15 min. Overall, our work seeks to provide a minimal (in terms of the size of the parameter space) framework for more realistic indoor SEI dynamics explorations while highlighting their Tsallisian entropic origin and the crucial yet elusive role that the innate immune system can play in shaping them. This may be useful for scientists and decision makers interested in probing different indoor biosafety protocols more thoroughly and comprehensively, thus motivating the use of nonadditive entropies in the emerging field of indoor space epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos N Xenakis
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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16
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Dulipsingh L, Schaefer EJ, Wakefield D, Williams K, Halilovic A, Crowell R. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent unvaccinated, convalescent vaccinated, and naive vaccinated subjects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17410. [PMID: 37366522 PMCID: PMC10276490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and spread rapidly. The purpose of this study was to compare neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) following the original booster vaccine in convalescent and naive vaccinated individuals and in a third comparison group consisting of unvaccinated convalescent plasma donors. Methods We assessed NAbs before and 2 months after a booster vaccine in 68 adults who had completed the initial vaccine series for SARS-CoV-2. Of these subjects, 58 had no history of prior infection (naïve vaccinated group) and 10 had been infected with SARS-COV-2 prior to the completing the first vaccine series (convalescent vaccinated group). A third comparison group included unvaccinated convalescent plasma donors (n = 55) from an earlier study with NAbs assessed approximately 2 months after a positive test for SARS-CoV-2. Results Prior to the booster, convalescent vaccinated subjects had higher NAbs compared to naive vaccinated subjects (p = 0.02). Two months following the booster, NAbs increased in both vaccinated groups. The naive vaccinated group increased more than the convalescent vaccinated group (p = 0.02). NAbs in the naive vaccinated group were almost four times higher than NAbs in the 55 unvaccinated subjects, while the convalescent vaccinated group had levels 2.5 times higher p < 0.01. Conclusion NAbs in both vaccinated/boosted groups were significantly higher than in the convalescent unvaccinated group (p < 0.01). Our data indicates that subjects with a single infection with SARS-CoV-2 did not have the same levels of neutralizing antibodies that we observed in subjects who were either in the convalescent vaccinated or the naive vaccinated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Dulipsingh
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 200 Crossing Boulevard, Framingham, MA, USA, 01702
| | - Dorothy Wakefield
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Kendra Williams
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Adis Halilovic
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
| | - Rebecca Crowell
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland St., Hartford, CT, USA 06105
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17
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Nakai M, Yokoyama D, Sato T, Sato R, Kojima C, Shimosawa T. Variation in antibody titers determined by Abbott and Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assays in vaccinated healthcare workers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16547. [PMID: 37235203 PMCID: PMC10201891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody measurement is important for evaluating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. We quantified and compared anti-spike (S) antibodies using different commercial immunoassays. We tested serum samples from 70 SARS-CoV-2-naive health care workers 2 weeks after vaccination with a single dose of BNT162b2, 2 and 4 weeks, and 3 months after the second dose of BNT162b2. The following quantitative assays were used: Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche-S), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant [Abbott-IgG(S)], and Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgM (Abbott-IgM). All samples tested positive for Roche-S and Abbott-IgG antibodies after the second dose, with 83.6% Abbott-IgM positive rate. Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) correlated significantly in all samples (r = 0.920, p < 0.0001), and the Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) assay showed a strong correlation with each other at each time point after vaccination. Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers were correlated with age; their rate of decline was age-dependent in males but not in females. Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers decreased from 2 weeks after the second dose. Roche-S antibody titers peaked 2 weeks after the second dose in 76.2% of the participants; the titers recovered 3 months post-vaccination after declining at week 4 in 40.7% of the participants. The concordance between Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers over time was 47.5%. Most participants presented significantly high Roche-S and Abbott-IgG(S) antibody titers after immunization. Some measurements were inconsistent with titer changes between these assays, possibly because of differences in the immunoglobulin-specificity of the kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Nakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiari Kojima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Alcorta-Nuñez F, Pérez-Ibave DC, Burciaga-Flores CH, Garza MÁ, González-Escamilla M, Rodríguez-Niño P, González-Guerrero JF, Alcorta-Garza A, Vidal-Gutiérrez O, Ramírez-Correa GA, Garza-Rodríguez ML. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Mexican Population: A Five Vaccine Comparison. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061194. [PMID: 36980502 PMCID: PMC10046906 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAs) are key immunological markers and are part of the humoral response of the adaptive immune system. NA assays determine the presence of functional antibodies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed a real-world evidence study to detect NAs that confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 after the application of five vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sinovac, Moderna, and CanSino) in the Mexican population. Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and clinical and demographic factors associated with low immunogenicity were also evaluated. A total of 242 SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated subjects were recruited. Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna proved the highest percentage of inhibition in a mono-vaccine scheme. Muscular pain, headache, and fatigue were the most common adverse events. None of the patients reported severe adverse events. We found an estimated contagion-free time of 207 (IQR: 182-231) and 187 (IQR: 184-189) days for Pfizer/BioNTech and CanSino in 12 cases in each group. On the basis of our results, we consider that the emerging vaccination strategy in Mexico is effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alcorta-Nuñez
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
- ONCARE Treatment Center, Valle Unit, San Pedro Garza García 66220, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos Horacio Burciaga-Flores
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia (HGO) No. 23, Doctor Ignacio Morones Prieto, Monterrey 64000, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Garza
- Department of Molecular Science, U.T. Health Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
| | - Moisés González-Escamilla
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Niño
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco González-Guerrero
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
- ONCARE Treatment Center, Valle Unit, San Pedro Garza García 66220, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adelina Alcorta-Garza
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
- ONCARE Treatment Center, Valle Unit, San Pedro Garza García 66220, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oscar Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Genaro A Ramírez-Correa
- Department of Molecular Science, U.T. Health Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - María Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro Universitario Contra el Cáncer (CUCC), Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico
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19
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Felbinger N, Trudil D, Loomis L, Ascione R, Siragusa G, Haba S, Rastogi S, Mucci A, Claycomb M, Snowberger S, Luke B, Francesconi S, Tsang S. Epitope mapping of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein differentiates the antibody binding activity in vaccinated and infected individuals. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.988109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have attempted to characterize the antibody response of individuals to the SARS-CoV-2 virus on a linear peptide level by utilizing peptide microarrays. These studies have helped to identify epitopes that have potential to be used for diagnostic tests to identify infected individuals. The immunological responses of individuals who have received the two most popular vaccines available in the US, the Moderna mRNA-1273 or the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines, have not been characterized. We aimed to identify linear peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicited high IgG or IgA binding activity and to compare the immunoreactivity of infected individuals to those who received both doses of either vaccine by utilizing peptide microarrays. Our results revealed peptide epitopes of significant IgG binding among recently infected individuals. Some of these peptides are located near variable regions of the receptor binding domains as well as the conserved region in the c-terminal of the spike protein implicated in the high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinated individuals lacked a response to these distinct markers despite the overall antibody binding activity being similar.
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20
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Sugaya T, Takagi T, Uchiyama K, Kajiwara-Kubota M, Asaeda K, Okumura K, Inaba T, Naito Y, Itoh Y. Serum titer of neutralizing antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:183-188. [PMID: 36936870 PMCID: PMC10017318 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an important strategy to reduce the infection rate and adverse events of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effect of COVID-19 vaccination for Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the serum titer of neutralizing antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IBD, treated with and without immunosuppressive therapy. The study consisted of 108 patients with IBD [76 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 32 with Crohn's disease (CD)] from the gastroenterology outpatient clinic at the Hospital of the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine who underwent anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. The control group included 64 healthy subjects who received the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. When 10 AU/ml of neutralizing antibodies was used as cut-off value, the positive rates of neutralizing antibodies of patients with UC, patients with DC, and the control group were 97.3%, 84.3%, and 100%, respectively. The neutralizing antibody titer showed no difference between patients treated with and without immunosuppressive therapy. These results indicate that COVID-19 vaccination may be useful in patients with IBD, treated with or without immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sugaya
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mariko Kajiwara-Kubota
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kohei Asaeda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Keita Okumura
- Faculty of Clinical Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tohru Inaba
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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21
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Liang X, Sun R, Wang J, Zhou K, Li J, Chen S, Lyu M, Li S, Xue Z, Shi Y, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Yi X, Pan J, Wang D, Xu J, Zhu H, Zhu G, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zheng Y, Shen B, Guo T. Proteomics Investigation of Diverse Serological Patterns in COVID-19. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100493. [PMID: 36621767 PMCID: PMC9814280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum antibodies IgM and IgG are elevated during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to defend against viral attacks. Atypical results such as negative and abnormally high antibody expression were frequently observed whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms are elusive. In our cohort of 144 COVID-19 patients, 3.5% were both IgM and IgG negative, whereas 29.2% remained only IgM negative. The remaining patients exhibited positive IgM and IgG expression, with 9.3% of them exhibiting over 20-fold higher titers of IgM than the others at their plateau. IgG titers in all of them were significantly boosted after vaccination in the second year. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we classed the patients into four groups with diverse serological patterns and analyzed their 2-year clinical indicators. Additionally, we collected 111 serum samples for TMTpro-based longitudinal proteomic profiling and characterized 1494 proteins in total. We found that the continuously negative IgM and IgG expression during COVID-19 were associated with mild inflammatory reactions and high T cell responses. Low levels of serum IgD, inferior complement 1 activation of complement cascades, and insufficient cellular immune responses might collectively lead to compensatory serological responses, causing overexpression of IgM. Serum CD163 was positively correlated with antibody titers during seroconversion. This study suggests that patients with negative serology still developed cellular immunity for viral defense and that high titers of IgM might not be favorable to COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengge Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangzhi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingqiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Pan
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donglian Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqin Xu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongguo Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangjun Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zheng
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bo Shen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Bioinformatical Design and Performance Evaluation of a Nucleocapsid- and an RBD-Based Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassay (PETIA) to Quantify the Wild Type and Variants of Concern-Derived Immunoreactivity of SARS-CoV-2. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010160. [PMID: 36672668 PMCID: PMC9855841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, the resulting pandemic has paralyzed the economic and cultural life of the world. Variants of concern (VOC) strongly increase pressure on public health systems. Rapid, easy-to-use, and cost-effective assays are essential to manage the pandemic. Here we present a bioinformatical approach for the fast and efficient design of two innovative serological Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Immunoassays (PETIA) to quantify the SARS-CoV-2 immunoresponse. To confirm bioinformatical assumptions, an S-RBD- and a Nucleocapsid-based PETIA were produced. Sensitivity and specificity were compared for 95 patient samples using a BioMajesty™ fully automated analyzer. The S-RBD-based PETIA showed necessary specificity (98%) over the N protein-based PETIA (21%). Further, the reactivity and cross-reactivity of the RBD-based PETIA towards variant-derived antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by a quenching inhibition test. The inhibition kinetics of the S-RBD variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, Kappa, and Omicron were evaluated. In summary, we showed that specific and robust PETIA immunoassays can be rapidly designed and developed. The quantification of the SARS-CoV-2-related immunoresponse of variants (Alpha to Kappa) is possible using specific RBD assays. In contrast, Omicron revealed lower cross-reactivity (approx. 50%). To ensure the quantification of the Omicron variant, modified immunoassays appear to be necessary.
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23
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Kirste I, Hortsch S, Grunert VP, Legault H, Maglinao M, Eichenlaub U, Kashlan B, Pajon R, Jochum S. Quantifying the Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Response to Spike-Receptor Binding Domain as a Surrogate for Neutralization Testing Following mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) Vaccination Against COVID-19. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:177-191. [PMID: 36376733 PMCID: PMC9663276 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need for automated, high-throughput assays to quantify immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. This study assessed the combined utility of the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (ACOV2S) and the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ACOV2N) assays using samples from the mRNA-1273 (Spikevax™) phase 2 trial (NCT04405076). METHODS Samples from 593 healthy participants in two age cohorts (18-54 and ≥ 55 years), who received two injections with placebo (n = 198) or mRNA-1273 (50 μg [n = 197] or 100 μg [n = 198]), were collected at days 1 (first vaccination), 15, 29 (second vaccination), 43, and 57. ACOV2S results were used to assess humoral response to vaccination in different subgroups and were compared to live virus microneutralization assay. Samples from patients with either previous or concomitant infection (identified per ACOV2N) were analyzed separately. RESULTS Receptor-binding domain-specific antibodies were readily detectable by ACOV2S for the vast majority of participants (174/189, 92.1% [50 μg dose] and 178/192, 92.7% [100 μg dose]) at the first post-vaccination assessment, with non-converters predominantly older in age. Seroconversion for all participants was observed at day 29 (before the second vaccine dose). Two weeks after the first dose, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody levels was 1.37-fold higher in the 100 versus 50 μg group (p = 0.0098), reducing to 1.09-fold 2 weeks after the second dose (p = 0.0539, n.s.). In both dose groups, a more pronounced response was observed in the younger versus older age group on day 15 (50 μg, 2.49-fold [p < 0.0001]; 100 μg, 3.94-fold [p < 0.0001] higher GMC, respectively), and day 29 (1.93-fold, p = 0.0002, and 2.44-fold, p < 0.0001). Eight subjects had previous or concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection; vaccination boosted their humoral response to very high ACOV2S results compared to infection-naïve recipients. ACOV2S strongly correlated with microneutralization (Pearson's r = 0.779; p < 0.0001), including good qualitative agreement. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that ACOV2S is a highly valuable assay for tracking vaccine-related immune responses. Combined application with ACOV2N enables monitoring for breakthrough infection or stratification of previous natively infected individuals. The adaptive measuring range and high resolution of ACOV2S allow for early identification of seroconversion and resolution of very high titers and longitudinal differences between subgroups. Additionally, good correlation with live virus microneutralization suggests that ACOV2S is a reliable estimate of neutralization capacity in routine diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Kirste
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sayuri Hortsch
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Veit Peter Grunert
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Holly Legault
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Maha Maglinao
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Udo Eichenlaub
- Clinical Development & Medical Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Basel Kashlan
- Lab Operations, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Highland Heights, KY USA
| | - Rolando Pajon
- Clinical Biomarkers, Moderna, Inc, 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Simon Jochum
- Research and Development Immunoassays, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
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24
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Hallmeyer S, Thompson MA, Fitzpatrick V, Liao Y, Mullane MP, Medlin SC, Copeland K, Weese JL. Characteristics of patients with hematologic malignancies without seroconversion post-COVID-19 third vaccine dosing. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad002. [PMID: 36873569 PMCID: PMC9982360 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study is to explore the characteristics of the subset of patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs) who had little to no change in SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody index value levels after a third mRNA vaccine dose (3V) and to compare the cohort of patients who did and did not seroconvert post-3V to get a better understanding of the demographics and potential drivers of serostatus. Study design This retrospective cohort study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody index values pre and post the 3V data on 625 patients diagnosed with HM across a large Midwestern United States healthcare system between 31 October 2019 and 31 January 2022. Methods To assess the association between individual characteristics and seroconversion status, patients were placed into two groups based on IgG antibody status pre and post the 3V dose, (-/+) and (-/-). Odds ratios were used as measures of association for all categorical variables. Logistic regressions were used to measure the association between HM condition and seroconversion. Results HM diagnosis was significantly associated with seroconversion status (P = 0.0003) with patients non-Hodgkin lymphoma six times the odds of not seroconverting compared with multiple myeloma patients (P = 0.0010). Among the participants who were seronegative prior to 3V, 149 (55.6%) seroconverted after the 3V dose and 119 (44.4%) did not. Conclusion This study focuses on an important subset of patients with HM who are not seroconverting after the COVID mRNA 3V. This gain in scientific knowledge is needed for clinicians to target and counsel these vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Hallmeyer
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, 750 W Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Advocate Aurora Research Institute, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Yunqi Liao
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Advocate Aurora Research Institute, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Michael P Mullane
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, 750 W Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Stephen C Medlin
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, 750 W Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
| | - Kenneth Copeland
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,ACL Laboratories, 5400 Pearl St, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA
| | - James L Weese
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.,Aurora Cancer Care, Advocate Aurora Health, 750 W Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA
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25
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Cheng ZJ, Li B, Zhan Z, Zhao Z, Xue M, Zheng P, Lyu J, Hu C, He J, Chen R, Sun B. Clinical Application of Antibody Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Comprehensive Review on Immunoassay and Immunotherapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:17-32. [PMID: 35031959 PMCID: PMC8760112 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 global pandemic poses immense challenges to global health, largely due to the difficulty to detect infection in the early stages of the disease, as well as the current lack of effective antiviral therapy. Research and understanding of the human immune system can provide important theoretical and technical support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the clinical implementations of which include immunoassays and immunotherapy, which play a crucial role in the fight against the pandemic. This review consolidates the current scientific evidence for immunoassay, which includes multiple methods of detecting antigen and antibody against SARS-CoV-2. We compared the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and clinical applications of these three detection techniques. In addition to detecting viral infections, knowledge on the body's immunity against the virus is desirable; thus, the immunotherapy-based neutralizing antibody (nAb) detection methods were discussed. We also gave a brief introduction to the new immunoassay technology such as biosensing. This was followed by an in-depth and extensive review on a variety of immunotherapy methods. It includes convalescent plasma therapy, neutralizing antibody-based treatments targeting different regions of SARS-CoV-2, immunotherapy targeted on the host cell including inhibiting the host cell receptor and cytokine storm, as well as cocktail antibodies, cross-neutralizing antibodies, and immunotherapy based on cross-reactivity between viral epitopes and autoepitopes and autoantibody. Despite the development of various immunological testing methods and antibody therapies, the current global situation of COVID-19 is still tense. We need more efficient detection methods and more reliable antibody therapies. The up-to-date knowledge on therapeutic strategies will likely help clinicians worldwide to protect patients from life-threatening viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangkai J. Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Bizhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Zhiqing Zhan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Zifan Zhao
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Jiali Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Chundi Hu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Ruchong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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Lee B, Ko JH, Lee KH, Kim YC, Song YG, Park YS, Baek YJ, Ahn JY, Choi JY, Song KH, Kim ES, Bae S, Kim SH, Jeong HW, Kim SW, Kwon KT, Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim B, Kim SS, Choi WS, Peck KR, Kang ES. Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Activity and Protective Immunity in Different Vaccine Types Using Three Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Assays and Two Semiquantitative Binding Assays Targeting the Receptor-Binding Domain. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0266922. [PMID: 36250875 PMCID: PMC9769750 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02669-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating neutralizing activity in vaccinees is crucial for predicting the protective effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) requires a biosafety level 3 facility, it would be advantageous if surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assays and binding assays could predict neutralizing activity. Here, five different assays were evaluated with respect to the PRNT in vaccinees: three sVNT assays from GenScript, Boditech Med, and SD Biosensor and two semiquantitative binding assays from Roche and Abbott. The vaccinees were subjected to three vaccination protocols: homologous ChAdOx1, homologous BNT162b2, and heterologous administration. The ability to predict a 50% neutralizing dose (ND50) of ≥20 largely varied among the assays, with the binding assays showing substantial agreement (kappa, ~0.90) and the sVNT assays showing relatively poor performance, especially in the ChAdOx1 group (kappa, 0.33 to 0.97). The ability to predict an ND50 value of ≥118.25, indicating a protective effect, was comparable among different assays. Applying optimal cutoffs based on Youden's index, the kappa agreements were greater than 0.60 for all assays in the total group. Overall, relatively poor performance was demonstrated in the ChAdOx1 group, owing to low antibody titers. Although there were intra-assay differences related to the vaccination protocols, as well as interassay differences, all assays demonstrated fair performance in predicting the protective effect using the new cutoffs. This study demonstrates the need for a different cutoff for each assay to appropriately determine a higher neutralizing titer and suggests the clinical feasibility of using various assays for estimation of the protective effect. IMPORTANCE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to last, despite high COVID-19 vaccination rates. As many people experience breakthrough infection after prior infection and/or vaccination, estimating the neutralization activity and predicting the protective effect are major issues of concern. However, since standard neutralization tests are not available in most clinical laboratories, it would be beneficial if commercial assays could predict these aspects. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three sVNT assays and two semiquantitative binding assays targeting the receptor-binding domain with respect to the PRNT. Our results suggest that these assays could be used for predicting the protective effect by adjusting the cutoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomki Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Young Goo Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yae Jee Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea
| | - Hyeonji Jeong
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Deng L, Li P, Zhang X, Jiang Q, Turner D, Zhou C, Gao Y, Qian F, Zhang C, Lu H, Zou H, Vermund SH, Qian HZ. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20763. [PMID: 36456577 PMCID: PMC9714387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to synthesize global evidence on the risk of reinfection among people previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science as of April 5, 2021. We conducted: (1) meta-analysis of cohort studies containing data sufficient for calculating the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection; (2) systematic review of case reports with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases. The reinfection incidence was pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution. The hazard ratio (HR) between reinfection incidence among previously infected individuals and new infection incidence among infection-naïve individuals was calculated using random-effects models. Of 906 records retrieved and reviewed, 11 studies and 11 case reports were included in the meta-analysis and the systematic review, respectively. The pooled SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence rate was 0.70 (standard deviation [SD] 0.33) per 10,000 person-days. The incidence of reinfection was lower than the incidence of new infection (HR = 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.17). Our meta-analysis of studies conducted prior to the emergency of the more transmissible Omicron variant showed that people with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection could be re-infected, and they have a lower risk of infection than those without prior infection. Continuing reviews are needed as the reinfection risk may change due to the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luojia Deng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqi Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhixing Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qianxue Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxiao Gao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Frank Qian
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ci Zhang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sten H Vermund
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Han-Zhu Qian
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, USA.
- GSK plc, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Morales-Núñez JJ, Muñoz-Valle JF, Machado-Sulbarán AC, Díaz-Pérez SA, Torres-Hernández PC, Panduro-Espinoza BV, Gallegos-Díaz de Leon JA, Munguía-Ramirez CD, Hernández-Bello J. Comparison of three different COVID-19 vaccine platforms (CoronaVac, BTN162b2, and Ad5-nCoV) in individuals with and without prior COVID-19: Reactogenicity and neutralizing antibodies. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:20-28. [PMID: 36279685 PMCID: PMC9585342 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can be indicators of collective immunity, vaccine efficacy, and the longevity of the humoral response. This study aimed to compare reactogenicity and NAbs generated by three different COVID-19 vaccine platforms in individuals with and without prior COVID-19. 336 individuals vaccinated (112 with CoronaVac [inactivated virus], 112 with BNT162b2 [messenger RNA], and 112 with Ad5-nCoV [non-replicating viral vector]) were included. NAbs were quantified with the cPass SARS-CoV-2 kit. Individuals immunized with the Ad5-nCoV showed higher reactogenicity than those immunized with the other vaccines (p < 0.001). The BTN162b2 vaccine-induced NAbs with higher inhibition capacity than the other platforms in the first dose. In individuals without prior COVID-19, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine generated lower NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 than those induced by two doses of the BTN162b2 (Ad5-nCoV 72.10 [55.6-93.4] vs. BTN162b2 98.41 [98.16-98.56], p < 0.0001). One individual did not generate NAbs (0.89%) after a complete immunization with CoronaVac; in BTN162b2, all generated these antibodies, and in the Ad5-nCoV group, four individuals (3.57%) did not generate NAbs. Comorbidities, gender, age, and reactogenicity did not significantly influence the generation of NAbs (p > 0.05); however, a history of COVID-19 before vaccination was associated with antibodies with greater neutralizing capacity after the first dose (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mRNA vaccine (BTN162b2) had a remarkable better ability to produce NAbs and lower reactogenicity than the other platforms, whereas the Ad5-nCov vaccine induced the lowest NAbs response in individuals without a history of COVID-19; therefore, we suggest that a booster could benefit these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Morales-Núñez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbarán
- Institute for Research on Cancer in Childhood and Adolescence, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Saúl Alberto Díaz-Pérez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Verónica Panduro-Espinoza
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca" y Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos David Munguía-Ramirez
- Institute for Research on Cancer in Childhood and Adolescence, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico,Corresponding author
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Cvetkovic-Vega A, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Soto-Becerra P, Figueroa-Montes LE, Fernandez-Bolivar L, Alvizuri-Pastor S, Oyanguren-Miranda M, Neyra-Vera I, Carrillo-Ramos E, Sagástegui A, Contreras-Macazana R, Lecca-Rengifo D, Grande-Castro N, Apolaya-Segura M, Maguina JL. Post-vaccination seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in peruvian health workers vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm). Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102514. [PMID: 36462747 PMCID: PMC9710108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of post-vaccination seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 and identify its predictors in Peruvian Social Health Insurance (EsSalud) personnel in 2021. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative simple stratified sample of EsSalud workers. We evaluated IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies response (seropositivity) by passive (previous infection) and active immunization (vaccination), and epidemiological and occupational variables obtained by direct interview and a data collection form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with correction of sample weights adjusted for non-response rate, and crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and geometric mean ratio (GMR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS We enrolled 1077 subjects. Seropositivity was 67.4% (95%CI: 63.4-71.1). Predictors of seropositivity were age (negative relation; p < 0.001), previous infection (aOR = 11.7; 95%CI: 7.81-17.5), working in COVID-19 area (aOR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.02-2.11) and time since the second dose. In relation to antibody levels measured by geometric means, there was an association between male sex (aGMR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.74-0.80), age (negative relation; p < 0.001), previous infection (aGMR = 13.1; 95%CI:4.99-34.40), non-face-to-face/licensed work modality (aGMR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.73-0.84), being a nursing technician (aGMR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.20-1.41), working in administrative areas (aGMR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.10-1.25), diagnostic support (aGMR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.01-1.15), critical care (aGMR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.79-0.93), and in a COVID-19 area (aGMR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.24-1.36) and time since receiving the second dose (negative relation; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Seropositivity and antibody levels decrease as the time since receiving the second dose increases. Older age and no history of previous infection were associated with lower seropositivity and antibody values. These findings may be useful for sentinel antibody surveillance and the design of booster dose strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Soto-Becerra
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Lizette Fernandez-Bolivar
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Inmunología y Bioquímica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio Alvizuri-Pastor
- Unidad de Inmunología Especializada, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Oyanguren-Miranda
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ibeth Neyra-Vera
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Inmunología y Bioquímica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Carrillo-Ramos
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Sagástegui
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Roxana Contreras-Macazana
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Bioquímica e Inmunoquímica, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Diana Lecca-Rengifo
- Subgerencia de Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Oferta Flexible, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Nikolai Grande-Castro
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Unidad de Inmuno-diagnóstico, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Moises Apolaya-Segura
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L Maguina
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru.
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Favresse J, Douxfils J, Henry B, Lippi G, Plebani M. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine celebrates 60 years – narrative review devoted to the contribution of the journal to the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 61:811-821. [PMID: 36420539 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review is an integral part of the special issue for the 60 years of the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). The aim of the review is to highlight the role of the clinical laboratory since the emergence of the “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with special focus on the contribution of the journal in generating knowledge in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. As of October 30, 2022, a total of 186 CCLM publications were dedicated to COVID-19. Of importance, major International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) guidelines related to the diagnosis of COVID-19 were published in CCLM. Between early-2020 and late October 2022, COVID-19 publications represented around 27% of all articles in CCLM, highlighting the willingness of the editorial board to help the field in order to better describe and diagnose this new emerging disease. First launched in 1963 under the name “Zeitschrift für Klinische Chemie”, the Journal was entirely devoted to clinical chemistry in the strict sense. The various topics published in relation to COVID-19 including its diagnosis, its impact on biochemical or hematological measures, as well as biosafety measures, is the perfect example that shows that the journal has greatly diversified over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinique St-Luc Bouge , Namur , Belgium
- Department of Pharmacy , Namur Research Institute for Lifes Sciences, University of Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy , Namur Research Institute for Lifes Sciences, University of Namur , Namur , Belgium
- Qualiblood s.a. , Namur , Belgium
| | - Brandon Henry
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- IFCC SARS-CoV-2 Variants Working Group , Verona , Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , University-Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Host Cell Entry and Neutralization Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages B.1.620 and R.1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112475. [PMID: 36366573 PMCID: PMC9698971 DOI: 10.3390/v14112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) facilitates viral entry into host cells and is the key target for neutralizing antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.620 carries fifteen mutations in the S protein and is spread in Africa, the US and Europe, while lineage R.1 harbors four mutations in S and infections were observed in several countries, particularly Japan and the US. However, the impact of the mutations in B.1.620 and R.1 S proteins on antibody-mediated neutralization and host cell entry are largely unknown. Here, we report that these mutations are compatible with robust ACE2 binding and entry into cell lines, and they markedly reduce neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Our results reveal evasion of neutralizing antibodies by B.1.620 and R.1, which might have contributed to the spread of these lineages.
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IgA quantification as a good predictor of the neutralizing antibodies levels after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100121. [PMID: 36349309 PMCID: PMC9635250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against COVID-19 was implemented very quickly, but the emergence of new variants that can evade the previous acquired immunological protection highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved in the immune response generated after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Objectives Since most of our knowledge on the humoral immunity generated against SARS-CoV-2 has been obtained from studies with infected patients before vaccination, our goal here was to evaluate seroconversion and its correlation with the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in individuals who received the complete initial recommended vaccination schedule with three different vaccines. Study design We analyzed serum IgG, IgA and total NAbs against the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein or its receptor binding domain (RBD) in blood samples collected from 118 healthy individuals without known previous infection, before and after receiving the first and the second dose of CoronaVac (n = 18), ChAdOx-1 (n = 68) or BNT162b2 (n = 32) vaccines. Results We found that although IgG titers were high in all sera collected after the two doses of these vaccines, NAbs amounts varies among the groups. In contrast, serum NAbs concentrations were much more comparable to the IgA levels, indicating that these antibodies would have a major neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Altogether our data suggest that quantification of serum anti-S or anti-RBD IgA, rather than IgG, may be a valuable tool to screen NAbs and may be considered for surveillance of vaccine coverage.
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New-Onset and Relapsed Membranous Nephropathy post SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102143. [PMID: 36298697 PMCID: PMC9611660 DOI: 10.3390/v14102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak and COVID-19 vaccination, new-onset and relapsed clinical cases of membranous nephropathy (MN) have been reported. However, their clinical characteristics and pathogenesis remained unclear. In this article, we collected five cases of MN associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 37 related to COVID-19 vaccination. Of these five cases, four (4/5, 80%) had acute kidney injury (AKI) at disease onset. Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in kidney tissue was negative in three (3/5, 60%) patients, and no deposition of virus particles was measured among all patients. Conventional immunosuppressive drugs could induce disease remission. The underlying pathogenesis included the subepithelial deposition of viral antigens and aberrant immune response. New-onset and relapsed MN after COVID-19 vaccination generally occurred within two weeks after the second dose of vaccine. Almost 27% of patients (10/37) suffered from AKI. In total, 11 of 14 cases showed positive for PLA2R, and 20 of 26 (76.9%) presented with an elevated serum phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (PLA2R-Ab), in which 8 cases exceeded 50 RU/mL. Conventional immunosuppressive medications combined with rituximab were found more beneficial to disease remission for relapsed patients. In contrast, new-onset patients responded to conservative treatment. Overall, most patients (24/37, 64.9%) had a favorable prognosis. Cross immunity and enhanced immune response might contribute to explaining the mechanisms of MN post COVID-19 vaccination.
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Guerra ENS, de Castro VT, Amorim dos Santos J, Acevedo AC, Chardin H. Saliva is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection after vaccination: A rapid systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006040. [PMID: 36203571 PMCID: PMC9530471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of efficient vaccines anti-SARS-CoV-2, antibody quantification becomes increasingly useful for immunological monitoring and COVID-19 control. In several situations, saliva samples may be an alternative to the serological test. Thus, this rapid systematic review aimed to evaluate if saliva is suitable for SARS-CoV-2 detection after vaccination. For this purpose, search strategies were applied at EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies were selected by two reviewers in a two-phase process. After selection, 15 studies were eligible and included in data synthesis. In total, salivary samples of approximately 1,080 vaccinated and/or convalescent individuals were analyzed. The applied vaccines were mostly mRNA-based (BioNTech 162b2 mRNA/Pfizer and Spikevax mRNA-1273/Moderna), but recombinant viral-vectored vaccines (Ad26. COV2. S Janssen - Johnson & Johnson and Vaxzevria/Oxford AstraZeneca) were also included. Different techniques were applied for saliva evaluation, such as ELISA assay, Multiplex immunoassay, flow cytometry, neutralizing and electrochemical assays. Although antibody titers are lower in saliva than in serum, the results showed that saliva is suitable for antibody detection. The mean of reported correlations for titers in saliva and serum/plasma were moderate for IgG (0.55, 95% CI 0.38-9.73), and weak for IgA (0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.44). Additionally, six out of nine studies reported numerical titers for immunoglobulins detection, from which the level in saliva reached their reference value in four (66%). IgG but not IgA are frequently presented in saliva from vaccinated anti-COVID-19. Four studies reported lower IgA salivary titers in vaccinated compared to previously infected individuals, otherwise, two reported higher titers of IgA in vaccinated. Concerning IgG, two studies reported high antibody titers in the saliva of vaccinated individuals compared to those previously infected and one presented similar results for vaccinated and infected. The detection of antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva is available, which suggests this type of sample is a suitable alternative for monitoring the population. Thus, the results also pointed out the possible lack of mucosal immunity induction after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. It highlights the importance of new vaccination strategies also focused on mucosal alternatives directly on primary routes of SARS-CoV-2 entrance. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022336968, identifier CRD42022336968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vitória Tavares de Castro
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hélène Chardin
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI) de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne 12 Rue de l’École de Médecine, Paris, France
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Frauches TS, Costa CADS, Rodrigues CDS, de Azevedo MCVM, Ferreira MDM, Ramos HBVDS, de Souza Junior WR, Costa AR, Camargo AC, Alonso AH, dos Santos FÁ, Oliveira HDS, Coelho JG, Sobral JFDS, Rodrigues LCDS, Ferreira MMC, Laureano P, da Paz Fernandes RA, Santos RDS, dos Santos RMC, Milagres S, dos Santos VCC, Silva JT, da Silva TM, da Rocha MGC, de São Carlos AE, de Araújo Ramos AM, Bastos FMDA, Francisco DR, Rosa SDS, Linhares LC, Organista RR, Bastos L, Pinto MMK, do Nascimento JPL, da Silveira JPM, dos Santos MQ, da Silva NS, Ferreira NCDS, Reis RBR, de Oliveira RF, Sá VDO, Hammes TRDS, Monteiro JDO, Cardoso PH, Arruda MB, Alvarez P, Maia RA, Ribeiro LDJ, Ferreira OC, Santos A, de Almeida ACM, Garcia L, Pansera C, Tanuri A. COVID-19 cross-sectional study in Maricá, Brazil: The impact of vaccination coverage on viral incidence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269011. [PMID: 36121796 PMCID: PMC9484680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Population surveillance in COVID-19 Pandemic is crucial to follow up the pace of disease and its related immunological status. Here we present a cross-sectional study done in Maricá, a seaside town close to the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three rounds of study sampling, enrolling a total of 1134 subjects, were performed during May to August 2021. Here we show that the number of individuals carrying detectable IgG antibodies and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were greater in vaccinated groups compared to unvaccinated ones, highlighting the importance of vaccination to attain noticeable levels of populational immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we found a decreased incidence of COVID-19 throughout the study, clearly correlated with the level of vaccinated individuals as well as the proportion of individuals with detectable levels of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 and NAb. The observed drop occurred even during the introduction of the Delta variant in Maricá, what suggests that the vaccination slowed down the widespread transmission of this variant. Overall, our data clearly support the use of vaccines to drop the incidence associated to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Silva Frauches
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia dos Santos Rodrigues
- Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes de Azevedo
- Universidade do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilson Rodrigues de Souza Junior
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cardoso Camargo
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Halfeld Alonso
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Álvaro dos Santos
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hércules da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janaína Guimarães Coelho
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joyce Florentina da Silva Sobral
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Martins Casaes Ferreira
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Laureano
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Adalgiza da Paz Fernandes
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata da Silva Santos
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rose Mary Carvalho dos Santos
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sanderson Milagres
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Teixeira Silva
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daina Raylle Francisco
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina dos Santos Rosa
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Layla Corrêa Linhares
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Bastos
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathaly Santos da Silva
- Secretaria de Cultura e Direitos Humanos, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Brito Ramirez Reis
- Secretaria de Cultura e Direitos Humanos, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruan Fonseca de Oliveira
- Secretaria de Cultura e Direitos Humanos, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdinei de Oliveira Sá
- Secretaria de Cultura e Direitos Humanos, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Henrique Cardoso
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica Barcellos Arruda
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alvarez
- Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Richard Araujo Maia
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liane de Jesus Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Orlando Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lauro Garcia
- Laboratório Blessing, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Pansera
- Laboratório Central Dr. Rímolo Neto/LACEN, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Maricá, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Instituto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação de Maricá/ICTIM, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chen YL, Lin JJ, Ma H, Zhong N, Xie XX, Yang Y, Zheng P, Zhang LJ, Jin T, Cao MJ. Screening and Characterization of Shark-Derived VNARs against SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810904. [PMID: 36142819 PMCID: PMC9502636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the major target for antibody therapeutics. Shark-derived variable domains of new antigen receptors (VNARs) are the smallest antibody fragments with flexible paratopes that can recognize protein motifs inaccessible to classical antibodies. This study reported four VNARs binders (JM-2, JM-5, JM-17, and JM-18) isolated from Chiloscyllium plagiosum immunized with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Biolayer interferometry showed that the VNARs bound to the RBD with an affinity KD ranging from 38.5 to 2720 nM, and their Fc fusions had over ten times improved affinity. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that JM-2-Fc, JM-5-Fc, and JM-18-Fc could form stable complexes with RBD in solution. In addition, five bi-paratopic VNARs, named JM-2-5, JM-2-17, JM-2-18, JM-5-18, and JM-17-18, were constructed by fusing two VNARs targeting distinct RBD epitopes based on epitope grouping results. All these bi-paratopic VNARs except for JM-5-18 showed higher RBD binding affinities than its component VNARs, and their Fc fusions exhibited further enhanced binding affinities, with JM-2-5-Fc, JM-2-17-Fc, JM-2-18-Fc, and JM-5-18-Fc having KD values lower than 1 pM. Among these Fc fusions of bi-paratopic VNARs, JM-2-5-Fc, JM-2-17-Fc, and JM-2-18-Fc could block the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 wildtype, Delta, Omicron, and SARS-CoV, with inhibition rates of 48.9~84.3%. Therefore, these high-affinity VNAR binders showed promise as detectors and therapeutics of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230007, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xie
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunru Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230007, China
| | - Peiyi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230007, China
| | - Ling-Jing Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230007, China
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (M.-J.C.); Tel.: +86-551-6360-0720 (T.J.); +86-592-618-3955 (M.-J.C.)
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (M.-J.C.); Tel.: +86-551-6360-0720 (T.J.); +86-592-618-3955 (M.-J.C.)
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Catlett B, Starr M, Machalek DA, Danwilai T, Palmer M, Kelly A, Kaldor J, Dore GJ, Darley D, Matthews G, Cunningham PH. Evaluation of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing from dried blood spots collected from cohorts with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022; 2:100093. [PMID: 35765384 PMCID: PMC9225964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dried blood spot (DBS) specimens are a useful serosurveillance tool particularly in hard-to-reach populations but their application for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly characterised. Objectives To compare detection of naturally acquired SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in paired DBS and serum specimens using commercially available serological immunoassays. Study Design Specimens were collected through St Vincent's Hospital observational post COVID-19 cohort study (ADAPT). Laboratory spotted DBS from venepuncture were initially tested on seven assays, a DBS validation completed on three with clinically collected fingerstick DBSs tested on one. Results Sensitivity for Euroimmun nucleocapsid (NCP) IgG ELISA from laboratory spotted DBS (n=145), Euroimmun spike, IgG ELISA from laboratory spotted DBS (n=161), and Binding Site total antibody ELISA from clinically collected fingerstick DBS (n=391) was 100% (95% CI: 95.8-100%), 100% (95% CI: 95.8-100%) and 92.9% (95% CI: 89.5-95.5%), respectively. Specificity was 66.2% (95% CI: 53.6-77.0%), 96% (95% CI: 88.7-99.1%) and 98.8% (95% CI: 93.3-99.9%), respectively. All three assays’ results displayed a strong positive correlation between DBS compared to paired serum. Conclusions The Binding Site™ spike total antibody and Euroimmun™ spike IgG ELISAs provided good analytical performance, demonstrating that DBS specimens could facilitate specimen collection in the epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is highly applicable in populations and settings where venepuncture is problematic (including community based regional/remote settings, nursing homes, prisons, and schools).
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Lung Transplant Recipients Immunogenicity after Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19—BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071470. [PMID: 35891450 PMCID: PMC9316698 DOI: 10.3390/v14071470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: High immunosuppressive regimen in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) hampers the immune response to vaccination. We prospectively investigated the immunogenicity of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in an LTR cohort. (2) Methods: Forty-nine COVID-19 naïve LTRs received a two-dose regimen ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. A subset of 32 patients received a booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 18 weeks after the second dose. (3) Results: Two-doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced poor immunogenicity with 7.2% seropositivity at day 180 and low neutralizing capacities. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induced significant increases in IgG titers with means of 197.8 binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL) (95% CI 0–491.4) and neutralizing antibodies, with means of 76.6 AU/mL (95% CI 0–159.6). At day 238, 32.2% of LTRs seroconverted after the booster dose. Seroneutralization capacities against Delta and Omicron variants were found in only 13 and 9 LTRs, respectively. Mycophenolate mofetil and high-dose corticosteroids were associated with a weak serological response. (4) Conclusions: The immunogenicity of a two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine regimen was very poor in LTRs, but was significantly enhanced after the booster dose in one-third of LTRs. In immunocompromised individuals, the administration of a fourth dose may be considered to increase the immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
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Saker K, Pozzetto B, Escuret V, Pitiot V, Massardier-Pilonchéry A, Mokdad B, Langlois-Jacques C, Rabilloud M, Alfaiate D, Guibert N, Fassier JB, Bal A, Trouillet-Assant S, Trabaud MA. Evaluation of commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody assays in seropositive subjects. J Clin Virol 2022; 152:105169. [PMID: 35568003 PMCID: PMC9044730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The virus neutralization test (VNT) is the reference for the assessment of the functional ability of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to block SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. New competitive immunoassays measuring antibodies preventing interaction between the spike protein and its cellular receptor are proposed as surrogate VNT (sVNT). We tested three commercial sVNT (a qualitative immunochromatographic test and two quantitative immunoassays named YHLO and TECO) together with a conventional anti-spike IgG assay (bioMérieux) in comparison with an in-house plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) using the original 19A strain and different variants of concern (VOC), on a panel of 306 sera from naturally-infected or vaccinated patients. The qualitative test was rapidly discarded because of poor sensitivity and specificity. Areas under the curve of YHLO and TECO assays were, respectively, 85.83 and 84.07 (p-value >0.05) using a positivity threshold of 20 for PRNT50, and 95.63 and 90.35 (p-value =0.02) using a threshold of 80. However, the performances of YHLO and bioMérieux were very close for both thresholds, demonstrating the absence of added value of sVNT compared to a conventional assay for the evaluation of the presence of NAb in seropositive subjects. In addition, the PRNT50 assay showed a reduction of NAb titers towards different VOC in comparison to the 19A strain that could not be appreciated by the commercial tests. Despite the good correlation between the anti-spike antibody titer and the titer of NAb by PRNT50, our results highlight the difficulty to distinguish true NAb among the anti-RBD antibodies with commercial user-friendly immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Saker
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France,Corresponding author
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI- International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Escuret
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France,CIRI- International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Pitiot
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bouchra Mokdad
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - Carole Langlois-Jacques
- CNRS, UMR 5558, University of Lyon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Rabilloud
- CNRS, UMR 5558, University of Lyon, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dulce Alfaiate
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Occupational Health and Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Antonin Bal
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France,CIRI- International Center of Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mary-Anne Trabaud
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, IAI, Centre de Biologie Nord, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, F-69317, Lyon Cedex 04, France
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Nugraha J, Permatasari CA, Fitriah M, Tambunan BA, Fuadi MR. Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses post complete vaccination with coronavac: A prospective study in 50 health workers. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221104173. [PMID: 35966047 PMCID: PMC9373131 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pandemic causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and requires rapid
action. The development of effective safe vaccines become a global priority
for achieving herd immunity. Vaccination is expected to form specific
antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which can neutralize the
virus, preventing the virus from binding with ACE 2 receptors. Objective: Evaluating and to know if there any differences of kinetics antibody levels
from recipient’s anti-IgG S-RBD and NAb with complete second dose CoronaVac
Vaccine, to determine the antibody response in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Method: A prospective-cohort study using observational analytics was conducted from
January-April 2021 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 50 subjects
are healthcare workers who received two doses of CoronaVac. The IgG S-RBD
and NAb levels were measured on Maglumi 800 device (SNIBE, China).
Differences in IgG S-RBD and NAb levels before vaccination and after second
dose CoronaVac vaccination on 14th day, on 28th day, ware tested using
Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Result: Mean values of IgG S-RBD and NAb have fluctuated. There was a significant
difference between IgG S-RBD and NAb levels on day-0 (0.090 vs 18.630;
p < 0.001) and day-28 (141.266 vs 116.640;
p = 0.037). The median value showed the IgG S-RBD level
on day-28 was much better than NAb value (141,266 v 116,640). Conclusion: CoronaVac will form persistent antibodies. Despite antibody development, the
acquired humoral immunity decreased at 28 days after full CoronaVac
immunization. Kinetics of antibody NAb decreased more rapidly than IgG
S-RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusak Nugraha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cynthia Ayu Permatasari
- Clinical Pathology Specialization Program, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Munawaroh Fitriah
- Clinical Pathology Sub-Specialization Program, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Betty Agustina Tambunan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Robi'ul Fuadi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Infantino M, Manfredi M, Stacchini L, Cosma C, Grossi V, Lari B, Russo E, Amedei A, Benucci M, Veneziani F, Casprini P, Catalano CM, Cirrincione G, Bonaccorsi G, Pompetti A. The role of neutralizing antibodies by sVNT after two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a cohort of Italian healthcare workers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:934-940. [PMID: 35303766 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels is a current priority to drive immunization, as well as to predict when a vaccine booster dose may be required and for which priority groups. The aim of our study was to investigate the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein IgG (anti-S1 IgG) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in an Italian cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs), following the Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, over a period of up to six months after the second dose. METHODS We enrolled 57 HCWs, without clinical history of COVID-19 infection. Fluoroenzyme-immunoassay was used for the quantitative anti-S1 IgG antibodies at different time points T1 (one month), T3 (three months) and T6 (six months) following the second vaccine shot. Simultaneously, a commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used for the determination of NAbs, expressed as inhibition percentage (% IH). RESULTS Median values of anti-S1 IgG antibodies decreased from T1 (1,452 BAU/mL) to T6 (104 BAU/mL) with a percent variation of 92.8% while the sVNT showed a percent variation of 34.3% for the same time frame. The decline in anti-S1 IgG antibodies from T1 to T6 was not accompanied by a loss of the neutralizing capacity of antibodies. In fact at T6 a neutralization percentage <20% IH was observed only in 3.51% of HCWs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the decrease of anti-S1 IgG levels do not correspond in parallel to a decrease of NAbs over time, which highlights the necessity of using both assays to assess vaccination effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stacchini
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Cosma
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Lari
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Veneziani
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casprini
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cateno Mario Catalano
- Department of Technical Health Services, Preventive Medicine, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirrincione
- Department of Technical Health Services, Preventive Medicine, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Adolfo Pompetti
- SOC Clinical Assistance Governance, SOS Preventive Medicine Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Midorikawa R, Nakama M, Furukawa H, Oka S, Higuchi T, Nagai H, Nagai N, Tohma S. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid, Spike, and Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Japanese. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050965. [PMID: 35632710 PMCID: PMC9144302 DOI: 10.3390/v14050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and neutralizing antibodies (Abs) is commonly undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination. However, the relative efficiency of different SARS-CoV-2 Ab detection systems has not been extensively investigated. Here, we evaluated serological test systems in vaccinated Japanese. SARS-CoV-2 N, S, and neutralizing Abs in sera of 375 healthy subjects a mean 253 days after vaccination were assessed. The sensitivity of Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche S) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG (Fujirebio S) was 100% and 98.9%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both. The sensitivity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab (MBL Neu) was 2.7%, and the specificity was 100%. Fujirebio S correlated with Roche S (rho = 0.9182, p = 3.97 × 10−152). Fujirebio S (rho = 0.1295, p = 0.0121) and Roche S (rho = 0.1232, p = 0.0170) correlated weakly with MBL Neu. However, Roche S did correlate with MBL Neu in patients with COVID-19 (rho = 0.8299, p = 1.01 × 10−12) and in healthy subjects more recently after vaccination (mean of 90 days, rho = 0.5306, p = 0.0003). Thus, the Fujirebio S and Roche S results were very similar, but neither correlated with neutralizing antibody titers by MBL Neu at a later time after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Midorikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Moriyuki Nakama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, 578 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-491-2111; Fax: +81-42-494-2168
| | - Shomi Oka
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, 896 Shishiko-cho, Ushiku 300-1296, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
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Primorac D, Vrdoljak K, Brlek P, Pavelić E, Molnar V, Matišić V, Erceg Ivkošić I, Parčina M. Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848582. [PMID: 35603211 PMCID: PMC9114812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been forced to apply the basic knowledge of immunology with the most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and translate it to the population of the whole world in record time. Following the infection with the viral antigen, adaptive immune responses are activated mainly by viral particle encounters with the antigen-presenting cells or B cell receptors, which induce further biological interactions to defend the host against the virus. After the infection has been warded off, the immunological memory is developed. The SARS-CoV cellular immunity has been shown to persist even 17 years after the infection, despite the undetectable humoral component. Similar has been demonstrated for the SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory in a shorter period by assessing interferon-gamma levels when heparinized blood is stimulated with the virus-specific peptides. T cells also play an irreplaceable part in a humoral immune reaction as the backbone of a cellular immune response. They both provide the signals for B cell activation and the maturation, competence, and memory of the humoral response. B cell production of IgA was shown to be of significant influence in mediating mucosal immunity as the first part of the defense mechanism and in the development of nasal vaccines. Here, we interpret the recent SARS-CoV-2 available research, which encompasses the significance and the current understanding of adaptive immune activity, and compare it among naive, exposed, and vaccinated blood donors. Our recent data showed that those who recovered from COVID-19 and those who are vaccinated with EMA-approved vaccines had a long-lasting cellular immunity. Additionally, we analyze the humoral responses in immunocompromised patients and memory mediated by cellular immunity and the impact of clonality in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic regarding breakthrough infections and variants of concern, both B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Erceg Ivkošić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Martínez L, Malaina I, Salcines-Cuevas D, Terán-Navarro H, Zeoli A, Alonso S, M De la Fuente I, Gonzalez-Lopez E, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Gozalo-Margüello M, Calvo-Montes J, Alvarez-Dominguez C. First computational design using lambda-superstrings and in vivo validation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6410. [PMID: 35440789 PMCID: PMC9016385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest threat to global health at the present time, and considerable public and private effort is being devoted to fighting this recently emerged disease. Despite the undoubted advances in the development of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, uncertainty remains about their future efficacy and the duration of the immunity induced. It is therefore prudent to continue designing and testing vaccines against this pathogen. In this article we computationally designed two candidate vaccines, one monopeptide and one multipeptide, using a technique involving optimizing lambda-superstrings, which was introduced and developed by our research group. We tested the monopeptide vaccine, thus establishing a proof of concept for the validity of the technique. We synthesized a peptide of 22 amino acids in length, corresponding to one of the candidate vaccines, and prepared a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine vector loaded with the 22 amino acids SARS-CoV-2 peptide (positions 50-71) contained in the NTD domain (DC-CoVPSA) of the Spike protein. Next, we tested the immunogenicity, the type of immune response elicited, and the cytokine profile induced by the vaccine, using a non-related bacterial peptide as negative control. Our results indicated that the CoVPSA peptide of the Spike protein elicits noticeable immunogenicity in vivo using a DC vaccine vector and remarkable cellular and humoral immune responses. This DC vaccine vector loaded with the NTD peptide of the Spike protein elicited a predominant Th1-Th17 cytokine profile, indicative of an effective anti-viral response. Finally, we performed a proof of concept experiment in humans that included the following groups: asymptomatic non-active COVID-19 patients, vaccinated volunteers, and control donors that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The positive control was the current receptor binding domain epitope of COVID-19 RNA-vaccines. We successfully developed a vaccine candidate technique involving optimizing lambda-superstrings and provided proof of concept in human subjects. We conclude that it is a valid method to decipher the best epitopes of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to prepare peptide-based vaccines for different vector platforms, including DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain. .,BCAM, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Iker Malaina
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Terán-Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Andrea Zeoli
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,María Goyri Building. Animal Biotechnology Center, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ildefonso M De la Fuente
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC Institute, Espinardo University Campus, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Lopez
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - J Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica Gozalo-Margüello
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain. .,Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Siracusano G, Ruggiero A, Bisoffi Z, Piubelli C, Carbonare LD, Valenti MT, Mayora-Neto M, Temperton N, Lopalco L, Zipeto D. Different decay of antibody response and VOC sensitivity in naïve and previously infected subjects at 15 weeks following vaccination with BNT162b2. J Transl Med 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 34998405 PMCID: PMC8742572 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing SARS-CoV-2 mild and severe outcomes. In vaccinated subjects with SARS-CoV-2 history, RBD-specific IgG and pseudovirus neutralization titers were rapidly recalled by a single BTN162b2 vaccine dose to higher levels than those in naïve recipients after the second dose, irrespective of waning immunity. In this study, we inspected the long-term kinetic and neutralizing responses of S-specific IgG induced by two administrations of BTN162b2 vaccine in infection-naïve subjects and in subjects previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods Twenty-six naïve and 9 previously SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects during the second wave of the pandemic in Italy were enrolled for this study. The two groups had comparable demographic and clinical characteristics. By means of ELISA and pseudotyped-neutralization assays, we investigated the kinetics of developed IgG-RBD and their neutralizing activity against both the ancestral D614G and the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern emerged later, respectively. The Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test and the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparison were applied when needed. Results Although after 15 weeks from vaccination IgG-RBD dropped in all participants, naïve subjects experienced a more dramatic decline than those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing antibodies remained higher in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 history and conferred broad-spectrum protection. Conclusions These data suggest that hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has a relevant impact on the development of IgG-RBD upon vaccination. However, the rapid decay of vaccination-elicited antibodies highlights that the administration of a third dose is expected to boost the response and acquire high levels of cross-neutralizing antibodies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03208-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Siracusano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital Negrar, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Mayora-Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7, 47B, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7, 47B, UK
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Li X, Pang L, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Xu D, Shen T. Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010080. [PMID: 35062284 PMCID: PMC8779922 DOI: 10.3390/v14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of decline in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) greatly varies among patients who recover from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known about factors associated with this phenomenon. The objective of this study is to investigate early factors at admission that can influence long-term NAb levels in patients who recovered from COVID-19. A total of 306 individuals who recovered from COVID-19 at the Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, were included in this study. The patients were classified into two groups with high (NAbhigh, n = 153) and low (NAblow, n = 153) levels of NAb, respectively based on the median NAb levels six months after discharge. The majority (300/306, 98.0%) of the COVID-19 convalescents had detected NAbs. The median NAb concentration was 63.1 (34.7, 108.9) AU/mL. Compared with the NAblow group, a larger proportion of the NAbhigh group received corticosteroids (38.8% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.002) and IVIG therapy (26.5% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.033), and presented with diabetes comorbidity (25.2% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.004); high blood urea (median (IQR): 4.8 (3.7, 6.1) vs. 3.9 (3.5, 5.4) mmol/L; p = 0.017); CRP (31.6 (4.0, 93.7) vs. 16.3 (2.7, 51.4) mg/L; p = 0.027); PCT (0.08 (0.05, 0.17) vs. 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) ng/mL; p = 0.001); SF (838.5 (378.2, 1533.4) vs. 478.5 (222.0, 1133.4) μg/L; p = 0.035); and fibrinogen (5.1 (3.8, 6.4) vs. 4.5 (3.5, 5.7) g/L; p = 0.014) levels, but low SpO2 levels (96.0 (92.0, 98.0) vs. 97.0 (94.0, 98.0)%; p = 0.009). The predictive model based on Gaussian mixture models, displayed an average accuracy of 0.7117 in one of the 8191 formulas, and ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.715 (0.657–0.772), and specificity and sensitivity were 72.5% and 67.3%, respectively. In conclusion, we found that several factors at admission can contribute to the high level of NAbs in patients after discharge, and constructed a predictive model for long-term NAb levels, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ling Pang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Dong Xu
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (T.S.); Tel.: +86-13-071-215-093 (D.X.); +86-10-828-05-070 (T.S.)
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (T.S.); Tel.: +86-13-071-215-093 (D.X.); +86-10-828-05-070 (T.S.)
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47
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Long-term decay of anti-RBD IgG titers after BNT162b2 vaccination is not mirrored by loss of neutralizing bioactivity against SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:11-17. [PMID: 34843705 PMCID: PMC8630423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long-term kinetics of anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies were analyzed in a cohort of COVID-19 naïve health care workers (HCW) undergoing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS An anti-RBD IgG immunoassay and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) were performed at different time points up to 6 months after vaccination in 57 HCWs. Values of anti-RBD IgG predicting an high neutralizing bioactivity (>60%) were also calculated. RESULTS Mean (range) values of anti-RBD IgG were 294.7 (11.6-1554), 2583 (398-8391), 320.4 (42.3-1134) BAU/mL at T1 (21 days after the 1st dose [T0]), T2 (30 days after the 2nd dose) and T3 (+180 days after T0), respectively. Mean (range) percentages of neutralization (NS%) were 24 (0-76), 86 (59-96) and 82 (52-99) at T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Anti-RBD IgG values and NS% were positively correlated at T2 and T3 while anti-RBD IgG value predicting a NS% > 60 markedly differed at T2 and T3 (594 vs. 108 BAU/mL, respectively). CONCLUSION While a high neutralizing bioactivity was maintained at least 6 months after vaccination in almost all individuals, the mean values of anti-RBD-IgG showed a marked decline at 6 months. The absolute value of anti-RBD IgG is a poor marker of neutralizing bioactivity.
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Malipiero G, Villalta D. Answer to the letter of Lippi & Plebani entitled "Not all SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody assays are created equal". Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:21-22. [PMID: 34958754 PMCID: PMC8709731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Malipiero
- Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Immunologia e Allergologia, Ospedale Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy.
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Heyming TW, Nugent D, Tongol A, Knudsen-Robbins C, Hoang J, Schomberg J, Bacon K, Lara B, Sanger T. Rapid antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in pediatric healthcare workers. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:1-6. [PMID: 34601142 PMCID: PMC8482557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate a rapid SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody detection kit as a qualitative screen for the humoral response to vaccination. METHODS Study participants (n = 125) included pediatric healthcare workers (HCWs) who had received two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Participants were tested on study entry (March 12, 2021 to April 9, 2021). The mean number of days post second dose was 22 (range 17-36). Participants were tested for IgM/IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the RightSign COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette. ELISA/competitive inhibition ELISA (CI-ELISA) were subsequently run to assess for the neutralization effect and SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid IgM/IgG antibodies. RESULTS Overall, 98.4% of participants were IgG-positive and 0.8% were IgM-positive on rapid RightSign testing. Of those with IgG-positive results, 100% were anti-spike protein IgG-positive on CI-ELISA; none of those who tested IgG-negative via the rapid test were IgG-positive on CI-ELISA. All HCWs who tested RightSign positive demonstrated neutralizing capability on CI-ELISA. Overall, 1.6% demonstrated anti-nucleocapsid IgM antibodies and 5.6% demonstrated anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The strong agreement between the rapid RightSign IgG results and confirmatory CI-ELISA testing suggests that this test may be used to assess for positive, and neutralizing, antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W Heyming
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Diane Nugent
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Aprille Tongol
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | | | - Janet Hoang
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - John Schomberg
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Kellie Bacon
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Bryan Lara
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Terence Sanger
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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50
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Gillot C, Favresse J, Maloteau V, Dogné JM, Douxfils J. Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Following Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Correlation with Commercial Serologic Tests. A Reappraisal and Indirect Comparison with Vaccinated Subjects. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112329. [PMID: 34835135 PMCID: PMC8621742 DOI: 10.3390/v13112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) represent the real source of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections by preventing the virus from entering target cells. The gold standard in the detection of these antibodies is the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). As these experiments must be done in a very secure environment, other techniques based on pseudoviruses: pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT) or surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) have been developed. Binding assays, on the other hand, measure total antibodies or IgG, IgM, and IgA directed against one epitope of the SARS-CoV-2, independently of their neutralizing capacity. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of six commercial binding assays to the pVNT and sVNT. In this study, we used blood samples from a cohort of 62 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients. Based on the results of the neutralizing assays, adapted cut-offs for the binding assays were calculated. The use of these adapted cut-offs does not permit to improve the accuracy of the serological assays and we did not find an adapted cut-off able to improve the capacity of these tests to detect NAbs. For a part of the population, a longitudinal follow-up with at least two samples for the same patient was performed. From day 14 to day 291, more than 75% of the samples were positive for NAbs (n = 87/110, 79.1%). Interestingly, 6 months post symptoms onset, the majority of the samples (N = 44/52, 84.6%) were still positive for NAbs. This is in sharp contrast with the results we obtained 6 months post-vaccination in our cohort of healthcare workers who have received the two-dose regimens of BNT162b2. In this cohort of vaccinated subjects, 43% (n = 25/58) of the participants no longer exhibit NAbs activity 180 days after the administration of the first dose of BNT162b2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.G.); (J.F.); (V.M.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.G.); (J.F.); (V.M.); (J.-M.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Vincent Maloteau
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.G.); (J.F.); (V.M.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.G.); (J.F.); (V.M.); (J.-M.D.)
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.G.); (J.F.); (V.M.); (J.-M.D.)
- Qualiblood s.a., 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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