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Fernandez-Colorado CP, Kim WH, Flores RA, Min W. African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1816. [PMID: 38929435 PMCID: PMC11200829 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of swine, has posed a significant global threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage when it comes to the risk of ASF transmission. However, since its introduction to the Philippines in 2019, it has proliferated not only in backyard and commercial farms but also in wild pig populations. While certain parts of the country were more affected than others, the epidemiologic features of ASF necessitate that all affected areas must be closely monitored and that confirmed cases be treated with the utmost care. With the very limited data on ASF epidemiology and surveillance in the Philippines, future efforts to combat ASF must place even greater emphasis on improved prevention and control strategies. It is worth mentioning that the government's efforts toward comprehensive ASF surveillance and epidemiological investigation into the possible ASFV sources or transmission pathways are the most important measures in the prevention and control of ASF outbreaks. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current swine industry and ASF situation in the Philippines, which includes its epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry P. Fernandez-Colorado
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Woo Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (W.H.K.); (R.A.F.); (W.M.)
| | - Rochelle A. Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (W.H.K.); (R.A.F.); (W.M.)
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (W.H.K.); (R.A.F.); (W.M.)
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Liao HC, Shi ZW, Zhou GJ, Luo JC, Wang WY, Feng L, Zhang F, Shi XT, Tian H, Zheng HX. Epitope mapping and establishment of a blocking ELISA for mAb targeting the p72 protein of African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:350. [PMID: 38809284 PMCID: PMC11136834 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has the ability to infect pigs and cause a highly contagious acute fever that can result in a mortality rate as high as 100%. Due to the viral epidemic, the pig industry worldwide has suffered significant financial setbacks. The absence of a proven vaccine for ASFV necessitates the development of a sensitive and reliable serological diagnostic method, enabling laboratories to effectively and expeditiously detect ASFV infection. In this study, four strains of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against p72, namely, 5A1, 4C4, 8A9, and 5E10, were generated through recombinant expression of p72, the main capsid protein of ASFV, and immunized mice with it. Epitope localization was performed by truncated overlapping polypeptides. The results indicate that 5A1 and 4C4 recognized the amino acid 20-39 aa, 8A9 and 5E10 are recognized at 263-282 aa, which is consistent with the reported 265-280 aa epitopes. Conserved analysis revealed 20-39 aa is a high conservation of the epitopes in the ASFV genotypes. Moreover, a blocking ELISA assay for detection ASFV antibody based on 4C4 monoclonal antibody was developed and assessed. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) was performed to identify the best threshold value using 87 negative and 67 positive samples. The established test exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9997, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 99.87 to 100%. Furthermore, the test achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% (with a 95% confidence interval of 95.72 to 100%) and a specificity of 98.51% (with a 95% confidence interval of 92.02 to 99.92%) when the threshold was set at 41.97%. The inter- and intra-batch coefficient of variation were below 10%, demonstrating the exceptional repeatability of the method. This method can detect the positive standard serum at a dilution as high as 1:512. Subsequently, an exceptional blocking ELISA assay was established with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, providing a novel tool for detecting ASFV antibodies. KEY POINTS: • Four strains of ASFV monoclonal antibodies against p72 were prepared and their epitopes were identified. • Blocking ELISA method was established based on monoclonal antibody 4C4 with an identified conservative epitope. • The established blocking ELISA method has a good effect on the detection of ASFV antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Cheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Gai-Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun-Cong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin-Tai Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Zhai W, Huang Y, He Y, Chu Y, Tao C, Pang Z, Wang Z, Zhu H, Jia H. Immunogenicity Analysis and Identification of Potential T-Cell Epitopes in C129R Protein of African Swine Fever Virus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1056. [PMID: 38930438 PMCID: PMC11205686 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved C129R protein of AFSV was utilized in the development of an ASFV recombinant adenovirus vaccine, demonstrating strong immunogenicity. In this study, we immunized 6-week-old female C57BL/6J mice via subcutaneous injection with 10 μg of purified C129R protein. Humoral and cellular immune effects were assessed using ELISA, flow cytometry, and ELISpot assays. Additionally, 19 peptides of the C129R protein were synthesized and screened for the use of bioinformatics. Positive T-cell epitopes were screened using ELISpot. The results indicated a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in immunized mice compared to control mice. ELISA analysis revealed a serum titer of approximately 1:1, 638, 400 in the experimental group of mice. Additionally, peptides C11(53-61aa), C14(81-89aa), C16(97-105aa), and C18(116-124aa) from the C129R protein were able to activate mice spleen lymphocytes to produce IFN-γ. These findings suggest that the C129R protein significantly enhances both humoral and cellular immunity in immunized mice. Moreover, peptides C11, C14, C16, and C18 may serve as potential T-cell epitopes for the C129R protein. These results lay the groundwork for the further exploration of ASFV C129R protein and the identification of novel ASF vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; (W.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.C.); (C.T.); (Z.P.); (Z.W.); (H.Z.)
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Li C, Si XY, Wang XG, Yan ZW, Hou HY, You LQ, Chen YL, Zhang AK, Wang N, Sun AJ, Du YK, Zhang GP. Preparation and epitope analysis of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus DP96R protein. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:191. [PMID: 38734611 PMCID: PMC11088100 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many proteins of African swine fever virus (ASFV, such as p72, p54, p30, CD2v, K205R) have been successfully expressed and characterized. However, there are few reports on the DP96R protein of ASFV, which is the virulence protein of ASFV and plays an important role in the process of host infection and invasion of ASFV. RESULTS Firstly, the prokaryotic expression vector of DP96R gene was constructed, the prokaryotic system was used to induce the expression of DP96R protein, and monoclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing mice. Four monoclonal cells of DP96R protein were obtained by three ELISA screening and two sub-cloning; the titer of ascites antibody was up to 1:500,000, and the monoclonal antibody could specifically recognize DP96R protein. Finally, the subtypes of the four strains of monoclonal antibodies were identified and the minimum epitopes recognized by them were determined. CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibody against ASFV DP96R protein was successfully prepared and identified, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the structure and function of DP96R protein and ASFV diagnostic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuan-Ying Si
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yan
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hao-Yu Hou
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Long-Qi You
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yin-Long Chen
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ang-Ke Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yong-Kun Du
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Noll JCG, Rani R, Butt SL, Fernandes MHV, do Nascimento GM, Martins M, Caserta LC, Covaleda L, Diel DG. Identification of an Immunodominant B-Cell Epitope in African Swine Fever Virus p30 Protein and Evidence of p30 Antibody-Mediated Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. Viruses 2024; 16:758. [PMID: 38793639 PMCID: PMC11125664 DOI: 10.3390/v16050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a large dsDNA virus that encodes at least 150 proteins. The complexity of ASFV and lack of knowledge of effector immune functions and protective antigens have hindered the development of safe and effective ASF vaccines. In this study, we constructed four Orf virus recombinant vectors expressing individual ASFV genes B602L, -CP204L, E184L, and -I73R (ORFVΔ121-ASFV-B602L, -CP204L, -E184L, and -I73R). All recombinant viruses expressed the heterologous ASFV proteins in vitro. We then evaluated the immunogenicity of the recombinants by immunizing four-week-old piglets. In two independent animal studies, we observed high antibody titers against ASFV p30, encoded by CP204L gene. Using Pepscan ELISA, we identified a linear B-cell epitope of 12 amino acids in length (Peptide 15) located in an exposed loop region of p30 as an immunodominant ASFV epitope. Additionally, antibodies elicited against ASFV p30 presented antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. These results underscore the role of p30 on antibody responses elicited against ASFV and highlight an important functional epitope that contributes to p30-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA (S.L.B.); (M.H.V.F.); (M.M.); (L.C.C.); (L.C.)
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Afayibo DJA, Zhang Z, Sun H, Fu J, Zhao Y, Amuda TO, Wu M, Du J, Guan G, Niu Q, Yang J, Yin H. Establishment of an ELISA Based on a Recombinant Antigenic Protein Containing Multiple Prominent Epitopes for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibodies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:943. [PMID: 38792774 PMCID: PMC11124277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global pig industry, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic methods for its infection. Previous studies have often focused on a limited number of epitopes from a few proteins for detecting antibodies against ASFV. Therefore, the current study aimed to use multiple B-cell epitopes in developing an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for enhanced detection of ASFV antibodies. For the expression of recombinant protein, k3 derived from 27 multiple peptides of 11 ASFV proteins, such as p72, pA104R, pB602L, p12, p14.5, p49, pE248R, p30, p54, pp62, and pp220, was used. To confirm the expression of the recombinant protein, we used the Western blotting analysis. The purified recombinant K3 protein served as the antigen in our study, and we employed the indirect ELISA technique to detect anti-ASFV antibodies. The present finding showed that there was no cross-reactivity with antibodies targeting Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Moreover, the current finding was sensitive enough to find anti-ASFV in serum samples that had been diluted up to 32 times. The test (k3-iELISA) showed diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 98.41% and 97.40%, respectively. Moreover, during the present investigation, we compared the Ingenasa kit and the k3-iELISA to test clinical pig serum, and the results revealed that there was 99.00% agreement between the two tests, showing good detection capability of the k3-iELISA method. Hence, the current finding showed that the ELISA kit we developed can be used for the rapid detection of ASFV antibodies and used as an alternative during serological investigation of ASF in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dossêh Jean Apôtre Afayibo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Hualin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Jingsheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Yaru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Tharheer Oluwashola Amuda
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Mengli Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Sun L, Zhang J, Shi L, Peng Y, Feng X, Huang F, Yang F, Li J, Wang S, Niu J, Liu J, Li Y, Li S, Chen Z. Development and Immunological Evaluation of a Multiantigen Thermostable Nanovaccine Adjuvanted with T-Cell-Activating Scaffold for African Swine Fever. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1547-1557. [PMID: 38346262 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease with a mortality rate of up to 100%. The lack of commercial vaccines and drugs is a serious economic threat to the global pig industry. Cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role in protection against viral infection. We previously reported the rational design of a T-cell-activating thermostable scaffold (RPT) for antigen delivery and improved cellular immunity. We conjugated antigens P30, P54, P72, CD2 V, and CP312R to RPT, using a SpyCatcher/SpyTag covalent attachment strategy to construct nanovaccines (multiantigens-RPT). Multiantigens-RPT exhibited significantly higher thermal, storage, and freeze-thaw stability. The specific antibodies IgG and IgG2a of the multiantigen-RPT-immunized were higher than the antigens cocktail-immunized by approximately 10-100 times. ELISpot demonstrated that more IFN-γ-secreting cells were produced by the multiantigen-RPT-immunized than by the antigens cocktail-immunized. Delivery of the multiantigen nanovaccine by a T-cell-activating scaffold induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and pigs and is a potentially useful candidate vaccine for the African swine fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanli Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangning Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feixia Yang
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jingqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Beijing Tonghe Litai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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8
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Vu HLX, McVey DS. Recent progress on gene-deleted live-attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:60. [PMID: 38480758 PMCID: PMC10937926 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal viral disease in swine, with mortality rates approaching 100%. The disease has spread to many swine-producing countries, leading to significant economic losses and adversely impacting global food security. Extensive efforts have been directed toward developing effective ASF vaccines. Among the vaccinology approaches tested to date, live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccines produced by rational deleting virulence genes from virulent African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) strains have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy in experimental and field conditions. Many gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates have been generated in recent years. The virulence genes targeted for deletion from the genome of virulent ASFV strains can be categorized into four groups: Genes implicated in viral genome replication and transcription, genes from the multigene family located at both 5' and 3' termini, genes participating in mediating hemadsorption and putative cellular attachment factors, and novel genes with no known functions. Some promising LAV vaccine candidates are generated by deleting a single viral virulence gene, whereas others are generated by simultaneously deleting multiple genes. This article summarizes the recent progress in developing and characterizing gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep L X Vu
- Department of Animal Science, and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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9
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Yang W, Li L, Zhang J, Wu J, Kang W, Wang Y, Ding H, Li D, Zheng H. SNX32 is a host restriction factor that degrades African swine fever virus CP204L via the RAB1B-dependent autophagy pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0159923. [PMID: 38169281 PMCID: PMC10804981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01599-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and deadly disease in domestic pigs and European wild boars, posing a severe threat to the global pig industry. ASFV CP204L, a highly immunogenic protein, is produced during the early stages of ASFV infection. However, the impact of CP204L protein-interacting partners on the outcome of ASFV infection is poorly understood. To accomplish this, coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis were conducted in ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We have demonstrated that sorting nexin 32 (SNX32) is a CP204L-binding protein and that CP204L interacted and colocalized with SNX32 in ASFV-infected PAMs. ASFV growth and replication were promoted by silencing SNX32 and suppressed by overexpressing SNX32. SNX32 degraded CP204L by recruiting the autophagy-related protein Ras-related protein Rab-1b (RAB1B). RAB1B overexpression inhibited ASFV replication, while knockdown of RAB1B had the opposite effect. Additionally, RAB1B, SNX32, and CP204L formed a complex upon ASFV infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SNX32 antagonizes ASFV growth and replication by recruiting the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. This finding extends our understanding of the interaction between ASFV CP204L and its host and provides new insights into exploring the relationship between ASFV infection and autophagy.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality near 100% in domestic pigs. ASF virus (ASFV), which is the only member of the family Asfarviridae, is a dsDNA virus of great complexity and size, encoding more than 150 proteins. Currently, there are no available vaccines against ASFV. ASFV CP204L represents the most abundantly expressed viral protein early in infection and plays an important role in regulating ASFV replication. However, the mechanism by which the interaction between ASFV CP204L and host proteins affects ASFV replication remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the cellular protein SNX32 interacted with CP204L and degraded CP204L by upregulating the autophagy-related protein RAB1B. In summary, this study will help us understand the interaction mechanism between CP204L and its host upon infection and provide new insights for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Simbulan AM, Banico EC, Sira EMJS, Odchimar NMO, Orosco FL. Immunoinformatics-guided approach for designing a pan-proteome multi-epitope subunit vaccine against African swine fever virus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1354. [PMID: 38228670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being identified over a hundred years ago, there is still no commercially available vaccine for the highly contagious and deadly African swine fever virus (ASFV). This study used immunoinformatics for the rapid and inexpensive designing of a safe and effective multi-epitope subunit vaccine for ASFV. A total of 18,858 proteins from 100 well-annotated ASFV proteomes were screened using various computational tools to identify potential epitopes, or peptides capable of triggering an immune response in swine. Proteins from genotypes I and II were prioritized for their involvement in the recent global ASFV outbreaks. The screened epitopes exhibited promising qualities that positioned them as effective components of the ASFV vaccine. They demonstrated antigenicity, immunogenicity, and cytokine-inducing properties indicating their ability to induce potent immune responses. They have strong binding affinities to multiple swine allele receptors suggesting a high likelihood of yielding more amplified responses. Moreover, they were non-allergenic and non-toxic, a crucial prerequisite for ensuring safety and minimizing any potential adverse effects when the vaccine is processed within the host. Integrated with an immunogenic 50S ribosomal protein adjuvant and linkers, the epitopes formed a 364-amino acid multi-epitope subunit vaccine. The ASFV vaccine construct exhibited notable immunogenicity in immune simulation and molecular docking analyses, and stable profiles in secondary and tertiary structure assessments. Moreover, this study designed an optimized codon for efficient translation of the ASFV vaccine construct into the Escherichia coli K-12 expression system using the pET28a(+) vector. Overall, both sequence and structural evaluations suggested the potential of the ASFV vaccine construct as a candidate for controlling and eradicating outbreaks caused by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea Maurice Simbulan
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Edward C Banico
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ella Mae Joy S Sira
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Fredmoore L Orosco
- Department of Science and Technology, Virology and Vaccine Research and Development Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Science and Technology, S&T Fellows Program, Bicutan, 1634, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines.
- Department of Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000, Manila, Philippines.
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11
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Wang H, Su A, Bao C, Liang C, Xu W, Chang J, Xu S. A CRISPR/Cas12a-SERS platform for amplification-free detection of African swine fever virus genes. Talanta 2024; 267:125225. [PMID: 37741267 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy combined with a CRISPR/Cas12a system is designed for the amplification-free gene detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV). A SERS sensing probe was fabricated by conjugating plasmonic SERS tags on the magnetic bead (MB) surface with an single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a linker. The target ASFV gene-activated Cas12a protein starts the trans-cleavage function on the linker ssDNA, which causes the release of SERS tags, leading to a decrease of the SERS signal detected above the collective MBs. Two signal enhancement strategies were adopted to improve the liquid-phase detection sensitivity arriving at the fM level. One is the unlimited trans-cleavage function of the Cas12a protein, and the other is the magnetic-induced collection of probes that can significantly gather the analytes from the solution to the laser spot and provide SERS hotspots during SERS measurement. Detection range is from 100 nM to 10 fM without the gene amplification steps. This sensing method achieved the SERS detection of ASFV gene in the serum system and the extracted nucleic acids in viral samples with high sensitivity and selectivity at a relative standard deviation of <8%. This sensing platform is mainly in use for site inspection and quick testing of gene samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Ailing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Chengxin Bao
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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12
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Ma Y, Shao J, Liu W, Gao S, Peng D, Miao C, Yang S, Hou Z, Zhou G, Qi X, Chang H. A vesicular stomatitis virus-based African swine fever vaccine prototype effectively induced robust immune responses in mice following a single-dose immunization. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1310333. [PMID: 38249478 PMCID: PMC10797088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). It is very difficult to control and prevent ASF outbreaks due to the absence of safe and effective vaccines. Methods In order to develop a safe and effective ASF vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF, two ASFV recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) live vector vaccine prototypes, containing the gene of p72, and a chimera of p30 and p54, were developed based on the replication-competent VSV, and named VSV-p72 and VSV-p35. The immune potency of VSV-p72 or VSV-p35 alone and in combination was evaluated in BALB/c mice via intramuscular and intranasal vaccination. Results The results indicated that whether administered alone or in combination, the two vaccine prototypes showed acceptable safety in mice and, more importantly, induced high-level specific antibodies against p72, p30, and p54 of ASFV and a strong cellular immune response 28 days after vaccination. The sera from mice vaccinated with the vaccine prototypes significantly inhibited ASFV from infecting porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro. Most notably, the immunized sera from a mixture of VSV-p35 and VSV-p72 inhibited ASFV from infecting PAMs, with an inhibition rate of up to 78.58%. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that ASFV recombinant VSV live vector vaccine prototypes may become a promising candidate vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Desmet C, Coelho-Cruz B, Mehn D, Colpo P, Ruiz-Moreno A. ASFV epitope mapping by high density peptides microarrays. Virus Res 2024; 339:199287. [PMID: 38029799 PMCID: PMC10711508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly infectious disease. It is a threat to animal health with major potential economic and societal impact. Despite decades of ASF vaccine research, still some gaps in knowledge are hindering the development of a functional vaccine. Worth mentioning are gaps in understanding the mechanism of ASF infection and immunity, as well as the fact that - in case of this disease - virus proteins, so-called protective antigens, responsible for inducing protective immune responses in pigs are not identified yet. In this paper we elaborate on a methodology to identify protective antigens based on epitope mapping by microarray technology. High density peptide microarrays, combined with fluorescence scanning, have been used to analyze the interaction of peptide sequences of African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins with antibodies present in inactivated serum from infected and healthy animals. The study evidenced ASFV proteins already under the radar for vaccine development, such as p54, and identified specific sequences in those proteins that may become the focus for future vaccine candidates. Such methodology is amenable to automation and high-throughput and may help developing better targeting for next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ana Ruiz-Moreno
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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14
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Zhang X, Guan X, Wang Q, Wang X, Yang X, Li S, Zhao XT, Yuan M, Liu X, Qiu HJ, Li Y. Identification of the p34 Protein of African Swine Fever Virus as a Novel Viral Antigen with Protection Potential. Viruses 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 38257738 PMCID: PMC10818326 DOI: 10.3390/v16010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), affecting domestic and wild boars. The polyprotein pp220 of ASFV is responsible for producing the major structural proteins p150, p37, p14, p34, and p5 via proteolytic processing. The p34 protein is the main component of the ASFV core shell. However, the immunologic properties of the p34 protein in vitro and in vivo remain unclear. The results showed that the recombinant p34 protein expressed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes could react with convalescent swine sera to ASFV, suggesting that p34 is an immunogenic protein. Significantly, anti-p34 antibodies were found to inhibit the replication of ASFV in target cells. Furthermore, rabbits immunized with the recombinant C-strain of classical swine fever virus containing p34 produced both anti-p34 humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition, the p34 protein could induce a cell-mediated immune response, and a T-cell epitope on the p34 protein was identified using immunoinformatics and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELIspot) assay. Our study demonstrates that the p34 protein is a novel antigen of ASFV with protective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Q.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Q.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Shuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xingyou Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Q.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (X.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (X.-T.Z.); (M.Y.)
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15
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Orosco FL. Host immune responses against African swine fever virus: Insights and challenges for vaccine development. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1517-1535. [PMID: 38292721 PMCID: PMC10824091 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a serious threat to global swine populations, underscoring the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate interplay between innate, cellular, and humoral immunity against ASFV, with a focus on their relevance to vaccine development. By delving into immunopathogenesis and immunological challenges, this review article aims to provide a holistic perspective on the complexities of ASFV infections and immune evasion. Key findings underscore the critical role of innate immune recognition in shaping subsequent adaptive immune defenses, potential protective antigens, and the multifaceted nature of ASFV-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Despite advancements, the unique attributes of ASFV present hurdles in the development of a successful vaccine. In conclusion, this review examines the current state of ASFV immune responses and offers insights into future research directions, fostering the development of effective interventions against this devastating pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredmoore L. Orosco
- Virology and Vaccine Institute of the Philippines Program, Department of Science and Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Taguig, Philippines
- S&T Fellows Program, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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16
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Hu Y, Wang A, Yan W, Li J, Meng X, Chen L, Li S, Tong W, Kong N, Yu L, Yu H, Shan T, Xu J, Tong G, Zheng H. Identification of Linear Epitopes in the C-Terminal Region of ASFV p72 Protein. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2846. [PMID: 38137990 PMCID: PMC10746095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever, which is induced by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), poses a significant threat to the global pig industry due to its high lethality in domestic pigs and wild boars. Despite the severity of the disease, there is a lack of effective vaccines and drugs against the ASFV. The p72 protein, constituting 31 to 33% of the total virus particle mass, serves as the primary capsid protein of ASFV. It is a crucial antigen for the development of ASF subunit vaccines and serological diagnostic methods. In this investigation, 27 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated through mouse immunization with the truncated C-terminal p72 protein expressed by Escherichia coli. Among these, six mAbs exhibited binding to the p72 trimer, with their respective recognized epitopes identified as 542VTAHGINLIDKF553, 568GNAIKTP574, and 584FALKPREEY592. All three epitopes were situated within the interval sequences of functional units of the C-terminal jelly-roll barrel of p72. Notably, two epitopes, 568GNAIKTP574 and 584FALKPREEY592, were internal to the p72 trimer, while the epitope 542VTAHGINLIDKF553 was exposed on the surface of the trimer and consistently conserved across all ASFV genotypes. These findings enhance our comprehension of the antigenic function and structure of the p72 protein, facilitating the utilization of p72 in the development of diagnostic techniques for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Anchen Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Wanwan Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Junbo Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Songnan Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Jiaping Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Sun L, Niu J, Zhang J, Peng Y, Feng X, Huang F, Liu J, Li S, Chen Z. Thermostable T Cell Multiepitope Nanoparticle Antigens Inducing Potent Immune Responses against the Swine Fever Virus. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2358-2368. [PMID: 37861250 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and is a highly contagious, acute, febrile disease that has high morbidity and mortality rates in domestic and wild swine. However, a safe and effective vaccine against ASF remains unavailable as single antigens fail to provide sufficient protection. Therefore, a combination of multiple antigens with an efficient delivery system might be an alternative strategy. Herein, a de novo-designed antigen with multiple T-cell epitopes (TEPs) of ASFV was conjugated for surface display on self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) of Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase (AaLS) and Quasibacillus thermotolerans encapsulin (QT) through the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system to construct nanovaccines (TEP-Spy-NPs). TEP-Spy-NPs exhibited significantly more thermal, storage, and freeze-thaw stability in comparison to TEP monomers. TEP-Spy-NPs were highly immunogenic and induced strong polyclonal antibody responses in mice and pigs. The specific antibody titers against the TEP of the TEP-Spy-AaLS and TEP-Spy-QT groups were significantly higher than those of the TEP monomer immune group after the second booster immunization. The antibody titer against TEP of the TEP-Spy-QT group was approximately twice that of the TEP-Spy-AaLS group in mice. ELISpot analysis demonstrated that more IFN-γ- and IL-2-secreting splenic lymphocytes were produced by TEP-Spy-AaLS- and TEP-Spy-QT-immunized mice than by TEP monomer-immunized mice. TEP-Spy-NPs elicited stronger cellular immunity and in vivo immunity in immunized pigs than did TEP monomers. Thus, the TEP nanovaccine successfully induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and pigs, and TEP-Spy-NPs have the potential as candidate vaccines for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jingqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanli Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangning Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Shanhu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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18
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Luong HQ, Lai HTL, Truong LQ, Nguyen TN, Vu HD, Nguyen HT, Nguyen LT, Pham TH, McVey DS, Vu HLX. Comparative Analysis of Swine Antibody Responses following Vaccination with Live-Attenuated and Killed African Swine Fever Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1687. [PMID: 38006019 PMCID: PMC10674706 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is circulating in many swine-producing countries, causing significant economic losses. It is observed that pigs experimentally vaccinated with a live-attenuated virus (LAV) but not a killed virus (KV) vaccine develop solid homologous protective immunity. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze antibody profiles between pigs vaccinated with an LAV vaccine and those vaccinated with a KV vaccine to identify potential markers of vaccine-induced protection. Thirty ASFV seronegative pigs were divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single dose of an experimental LAV, Group 2 received two doses of an experimental KV vaccine, and Group 3 was kept as a non-vaccinated (NV) control. At 42 days post-vaccination, all pigs were challenged with the parental virulent ASFV strain and monitored for 21 days. All pigs vaccinated with the LAV vaccine survived the challenge. In contrast, eight pigs from the KV group and seven pigs from the NV group died within 14 days post-challenge. Serum samples collected on 41 days post-vaccination were analyzed for their reactivity against a panel of 29 viral structural proteins. The sera of pigs from the LAV group exhibited a strong antibody reactivity against various viral structural proteins, while the sera of pigs in the KV group only displayed weak antibody reactivity against the inner envelope (p32, p54, p12). There was a negative correlation between the intensity of antibody reactivity against five ASFV antigens, namely p12, p14, p15, p32, and pD205R, and the viral DNA titers in the blood of animals after the challenge infection. Thus, antibody reactivities against these five antigens warrant further evaluation as potential indicators of vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Q. Luong
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (H.Q.L.); (T.N.N.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Huong T. L. Lai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.L.L.); (L.Q.T.); (H.D.V.); (H.T.N.); (L.T.N.); (T.H.P.)
| | - Lam Q. Truong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.L.L.); (L.Q.T.); (H.D.V.); (H.T.N.); (L.T.N.); (T.H.P.)
| | - The N. Nguyen
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (H.Q.L.); (T.N.N.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Hanh D. Vu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.L.L.); (L.Q.T.); (H.D.V.); (H.T.N.); (L.T.N.); (T.H.P.)
| | - Hoa T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.L.L.); (L.Q.T.); (H.D.V.); (H.T.N.); (L.T.N.); (T.H.P.)
| | - Lan T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.L.L.); (L.Q.T.); (H.D.V.); (H.T.N.); (L.T.N.); (T.H.P.)
| | - Trang H. Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.T.L.L.); (L.Q.T.); (H.D.V.); (H.T.N.); (L.T.N.); (T.H.P.)
| | - D. Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Hiep L. X. Vu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (H.Q.L.); (T.N.N.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Li J, Song J, Zhou S, Li S, Liu J, Li T, Zhang Z, Zhang X, He X, Chen W, Zheng J, Zhao D, Bu Z, Huang L, Weng C. Development of a new effective African swine fever virus vaccine candidate by deletion of the H240R and MGF505-7R genes results in protective immunity against the Eurasia strain. J Virol 2023; 97:e0070423. [PMID: 37768081 PMCID: PMC10617561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs. Until now, no effective commercial vaccine and antiviral drugs are available for ASF control. Here, we generated a new live-attenuated vaccine candidate (ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R) by deleting H240R and MGF505-7R genes from the highly pathogenic ASFV HLJ/18 genome. Piglets immunized with ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R were safe without any ASF-related signs and produced specific antibodies against p30. Challenged with a virulent ASFV HLJ/18, the piglets immunized with high-dose group (105 HAD50) exhibited 100% protection without clinical symptoms, showing that low levels of virus replication with no observed pathogenicity by postmortem and histological analysis. Overall, our results provided a new strategy by designing live-attenuated vaccine candidate, resulting in protection against ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xijun He
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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Truong QL, Wang L, Nguyen TA, Nguyen HT, Tran SD, Vu AT, Le AD, Nguyen VG, Hoang PT, Nguyen YT, Le TL, Van TN, Huynh TML, Lai HTL, Madera R, Li Y, Shi J, Nguyen LT. A Cell-Adapted Live-Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Protects Pigs against the Homologous Strain VNUA-ASFV-05L1, a Representative Strain of the Contemporary Pandemic African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2089. [PMID: 37896866 PMCID: PMC10612049 DOI: 10.3390/v15102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal and highly contagious transboundary animal disease with the potential for rapid international spread. Currently, there is no ASF vaccine commercially available. All infected animals must be isolated and culled immediately upon the confirmation of the presence of the virus. Studies leading to the rational development of protective ASF vaccines are urgently needed. Here, we generated a safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 by serially passaging a field isolate (VNUA-ASFV-05L1, genotype II) in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs, 65 passages) and an immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (3D4/21, 55 passages). VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 can efficiently replicate in both PAMs and 3D4/21 cells. It provides 100% protection, even with the low dose of 102 HAD50, to the vaccinated pigs against the challenge of contemporary pandemic ASFV field isolate. Pigs vaccinated with this LAV in a dose range of 102 to 105 HAD50 remained clinically healthy during both the 28-day observation period of immunization and the 28-day observation period of challenge. VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 was eliminated from blood by 28 days post-inoculation (DPI), and from feces or oral fluids by 17 DPI. Although the vaccine strain in serum remained a safe and attenuated phenotype after five passages in swine, a reversion-to-virulence study using blood or tissue homogenates at peak viremia will be conducted in the future. ASFV-specific IgG antibodies and significant cellular immunity were detected in vaccinated pigs before the ASFV challenge. These results indicate that the VNUA-ASFV-LAVL2 strain is a safe and efficacious LAV against the genotype II ASFV strain responsible for current ASF outbreaks in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Lam Truong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Lihua Wang
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Hoa Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Son Danh Tran
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Anh Thi Vu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Anh Dao Le
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Van Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (V.G.N.); (T.M.L.H.)
| | - Phuong Thi Hoang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Yen Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Thi Luyen Le
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Thang Nguyen Van
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (V.G.N.); (T.M.L.H.)
| | - Huong Thi Lan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
| | - Rachel Madera
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jishu Shi
- Center on Vaccine Evaluation and Alternatives for Antimicrobials, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (L.W.); (R.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Ha Noi 12406, Vietnam; (T.A.N.); (H.T.N.); (S.D.T.); (A.T.V.); (A.D.L.); (P.T.H.); (Y.T.N.); (T.L.L.); (T.N.V.); (H.T.L.L.)
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Pakotiprapha D, Kuhaudomlarp S, Tinikul R, Chanarat S. Bridging the Gap: Can COVID-19 Research Help Combat African Swine Fever? Viruses 2023; 15:1925. [PMID: 37766331 PMCID: PMC10536364 DOI: 10.3390/v15091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boar, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Despite being harmless to humans, ASF poses significant challenges to the swine industry, due to sudden losses and trade restrictions. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an unparalleled global research effort, yielding remarkable advancements across scientific disciplines. In this review, we explore the potential technological spillover from COVID-19 research into ASF. Specifically, we assess the applicability of the diagnostic tools, vaccine development strategies, and biosecurity measures developed for COVID-19 for combating ASF. Additionally, we discuss the lessons learned from the pandemic in terms of surveillance systems and their implications for managing ASF. By bridging the gap between COVID-19 and ASF research, we highlight the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and technological spillovers in the battle against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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22
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Xu L, Hao F, Jeong DG, Chen R, Gan Y, Zhang L, Yeom M, Lim JW, Yu Y, Bai Y, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Xiong Q, Shao G, Wu Y, Feng Z, Song D, Xie X. Mucosal and cellular immune responses elicited by nasal and intramuscular inoculation with ASFV candidate immunogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200297. [PMID: 37720232 PMCID: PMC10502713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) that is highly contagious and has an extremely high mortality rate (infected by virulent strains) among domestic and wild pigs, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry globally. In this study, SDS-PAGE gel bands hybridized with ASFV whole virus protein combined with ASFV-convalescent and ASFV-positive pig serum were identified by mass spectrometry. Six antigens were detected by positive serum reaction bands, and eight antigens were detected in ASFV-convalescent serum. In combination with previous literature reports and proteins corresponding to MHC-II presenting peptides screened from ASFV-positive pig urine conducted in our lab, seven candidate antigens, including KP177R (p22), K78R (p10), CP204L (p30), E183L (p54), B602L (B602L), EP402R-N (CD2V-N) and F317L (F317L), were selected. Subunit-Group 1 was prepared by mixing above-mentioned seven ASFV recombinant proteins with MONTANIDETM1313 VG N mucosal adjuvant and immunizing pigs intranasally and intramuscularly. Subunit-Group 2 was prepared by mixing four ASFV recombinant proteins (p22, p54, CD2V-N1, B602L) with Montanide ISA 51 VG adjuvant and immunizing pigs by intramuscular injection. Anticoagulated whole blood, serum, and oral fluid were collected during immunization for flow cytometry, serum IgG as well as secretory sIgA antibody secretion, and cytokine expression testing to conduct a comprehensive immunogenicity assessment. Both immunogen groups can effectively stimulate the host to produce ideal humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent functional studies, such as immunogens challenge protection and elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuan Gan
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuzi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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23
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Lu P, Zhou J, Wei S, Takada K, Masutani H, Okuda S, Okamoto K, Suzuki M, Kitamura T, Masujin K, Kokuho T, Itoh H, Nagata K. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of African swine fever virus strains. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4322-4335. [PMID: 37711186 PMCID: PMC10497913 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is the most devastating disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), impacting the pig industry worldwide and threatening food security and biodiversity. Although two vaccines have been approved in Vietnam to combat ASFV, the complexity of the virus, with its numerous open reading frames (ORFs), necessitates a more diverse vaccine strategy. Therefore, we focused on identifying and investigating the potential vaccine targets for developing a broad-spectrum defense against the virus. This study collected the genomic and/or transcriptomic data of different ASFV strains, specifically from in vitro studies, focusing on comparisons between genotypes I, II, and X, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The comprehensive analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic differences between high- and low-virulence strains revealed six early genes, 13 late genes, and six short genes as potentially essential ORFs associated with high-virulence. In addition, many other ORFs (e.g., 14 multigene family members) are worth investigating. The results of this study provided candidate ORFs for developing ASF vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jiaqiao Zhou
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sibo Wei
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Konosuke Takada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hayato Masutani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitamura
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kokuho
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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24
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Yang Y, Xia Q, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Guan Z, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu K, Li B, Shao D, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Wei J. B602L-Fc fusion protein enhances the immunogenicity of the B602L protein of the African swine fever virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186299. [PMID: 37426672 PMCID: PMC10324578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and deadly infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and has a huge impact on the pig industry. A lack of vaccines and effective therapeutic drugs has brought great challenges to the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, insect baculovirus expression system was used to express ASFV B602L protein (B602L) alone and the IgG FC-fused B602L protein (B602L-Fc), and evaluate the immune effect of B602L-Fc in mice model. To be specific, the ASFV B602L protein and B602L-Fc fusion protein were successfully expressed by the insect baculovirus expression system. Then, Functional analysis in vitro revealed that the B602L-Fc fusion protein bound and interacted with the FcRI receptor of antigen-presenting cells and significantly promoted the expression of proteins involved in antigen presentation and various cytokines at mRNA levels in porcine alveolar macrophages. Additionally, immunization using B602L-Fc fusion protein remarkably promoted the Th1-biased cellular immune response and humoral immune response in mice. In conclusion, The B602L-Fc fusion protein could up-regulate the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation in APCs and enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. These results suggest that ASFV B602L-Fc recombinant fusion protein may be a promising candidate for subunit vaccine. This study provided useful data for the development of subunit vaccines for ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang G, Liu W, Yang S, Song S, Ma Y, Zhou G, Liang X, Miao C, Li J, Liu Y, Shao J, Chang H. Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a cocktail of recombinant African swine fever virus antigens fused with OprI in domestic pigs. Virol J 2023; 20:104. [PMID: 37237390 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease in domestic pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV), for which there is currently no commercial vaccine available. The genome of ASFV encodes more than 150 proteins, some of which have been included in subunit vaccines but only induce limited protection against ASFV challenge. METHODS To enhance immune responses induced by ASFV proteins, we expressed and purified three fusion proteins with each consisting of bacterial lipoprotein OprI, 2 different ASFV proteins/epitopes and a universal CD4+ T cell epitope, namely OprI-p30-modified p54-TT, OprI-p72 epitopes-truncated pE248R-TT, and OprI-truncated CD2v-truncated pEP153R-TT. The immunostimulatory activity of these recombinant proteins was first assessed on dendritic cells. Then, humoral and cellular immunity induced by these three OprI-fused proteins cocktail formulated with ISA206 adjuvant (O-Ags-T formulation) were assessed in pigs. RESULTS The OprI-fused proteins activated dendritic cells with elevated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the O-Ags-T formulation elicited a high level of antigen-specific IgG responses and interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after stimulation in vitro. Importantly, the sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs vaccinated with the O-Ags-T formulation respectively reduced ASFV infection in vitro by 82.8% and 92.6%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the OprI-fused proteins cocktail formulated with ISA206 adjuvant induces robust ASFV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs. Our study provides valuable information for the further development of subunit vaccines against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (LIBP), a subsidiary company of China National Biotec Group Company Limited (CNBG), Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaxia Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, OIE/China National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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26
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Huang M, Zheng H, Tan W, Xiang C, Fang N, Xie W, Wen L, Liu D, Chen R. Molecular Signatures in Swine Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to African Swine Fever Virus Antigens p30/p54/CD2v Expressed Using a Highly Efficient Semliki Forest Virus Replicon System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119316. [PMID: 37298266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a devastating viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars, posing a foremost threat to the swine industry and pig farming. The development of an effective vaccine is urgently needed, but has been hampered by the lack of an in-depth, mechanistic understanding of the host immune response to ASFV infection and the induction of protective immunity. In this study, we report that immunization of pigs with Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) replicon-based vaccine candidates expressing ASFV p30, p54, and CD2v, as well as their ubiquitin-fused derivatives, elicits T cell differentiation and expansion, promoting specific T cell and humoral immunity. Due to significant variations in the individual non-inbred pigs in response to the vaccination, a personalized analysis was conducted. Using integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Venn, KEGG and WGCNA, Toll-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, IL17 receptor, NOD-like receptor and nucleic acid sensor-mediated signaling pathways were demonstrated to be positively correlated to the antigen-stimulated antibody production and inversely correlated to the IFN-γ secreting cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). An up-regulation of CIQA, CIQB, CIQC, C4BPA, SOSC3, S100A8 and S100A9, and down-regulation of CTLA4, CXCL2, CXCL8, FOS, RGS1, EGR1 and SNAI1 are general in the innate immune response post-the second boost. This study reveals that pattern recognition receptors TLR4, DHX58/DDX58 and ZBP1, and chemokines CXCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL10 may play important roles in regulating this vaccination-stimulated adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Hanghui Zheng
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Weixiong Tan
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Chengwei Xiang
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Niran Fang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Wenting Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianghai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Dingxiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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27
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Zhu G, Ren J, Li D, Ru Y, Qin X, Feng T, Tian H, Lu B, Shi D, Shi Z, Yang W, Zheng H. Combinational Deletions of MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R Genes from the African Swine Fever Virus Inhibit TBK1 Degradation by an Autophagy Activator PIK3C2B To Promote Type I Interferon Production. J Virol 2023; 97:e0022823. [PMID: 37162350 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a transboundary infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars, resulting in significant swine production losses. Currently, no effective commercial ASF vaccines or therapeutic options are available. A previous study has shown that deletions of ASFV MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R genes (ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R) attenuated virulence in pigs and provided complete protection against parental lethal ASFV CN/GS/2018 (wild-type ASFV [ASFV-WT]) challenge, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study found that ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R weakened TBK1 degradation compared with ASFV-WT through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, we confirmed that ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R blocked the degradation of TBK1 through the autophagy pathway. We also identified that the downregulation of an autophagy-related protein PIK3C2B was involved in the inhibition of TBK1 degradation induced by ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R. Additionally, we also confirmed that PIK3C2B promoted ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R replication in vitro. Together, this study elucidated a novel mechanism of virulence change of ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R, revealing a new mechanism of ASF live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) and providing theoretical guidance for the development of ASF vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and lethal hemorrhagic disease of pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), leading to significant economic consequences for the global pig industry. The development of an effective and safe ASF vaccine has been unsuccessful. Previous studies have shown that live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) of ASFV are the most effective vaccine candidates to prevent ASF. Understanding the host responses caused by LAVs of ASFV is important in optimizing vaccine design and diversifying the resources available to control ASF. Recently, our laboratory found that the live attenuated ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R provided complete protection against parental ASFV-WT challenge. This study further demonstrated that ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R inhibits TBK1 degradation mediated by an autophagy activator PIK3C2B to increase type I interferon production. These results revealed an important mechanism for candidate vaccine ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R, providing strategies for exploring the virulence of multigene-deleted live attenuated ASFV strains and the development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingzhou Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Bhilare KD, Jawalagatti V, Alam MJ, Chen B, Kim B, Lee JH, Kim JH. Immune response following safer administration of recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium harboring ASFV antigens in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110596. [PMID: 37119725 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a contagious epizootic pathogen adversely affecting porcine industry in Asian and European countries. Till date, 8 serotypes and 24 genotypes of the virus have been reported. Few live attenuated virus vaccine studies have reported to provide complete protection against ASFV infection but biohazard concern still remain. Recombinant subunit antigens are capable of providing cellular and humoral immunity in porcine, but not a single vaccine has hit the market yet. In the present study, we attempted to use recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912 strain harboring ASFV antigens (rSal-ASFV) to investigate its immunostimulant effect in porcine. Post intramuscular administration, we observed significant increment in the levels of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and immunoglobulin (i.e. IgG, IgA, and IgM) levels in rSal-ASFV treated groups. Further RT-PCR analysis indicated the increased expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80/86, NK cell receptors (NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46) and cytokines while ELIspot analysis revealed significant production of IFN-γ in rSal-ASFV treated groups. Taken together, we are able to demonstrate that rSal-ASFV could elicit a non-specific cellular as well as humoral immune response. However, additional antigen specific immunity data is needed to evaluate its efficacy. Intramuscular administration of rSal-ASFV was found to be safe and immunostimulant in nature without any side-effects and may serve as an excellent option for in-vivo antigen delivery in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran D Bhilare
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Jawalagatti
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Baicheng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city Pincode-54596, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Tenaya WM, Swacita IBN, Wirata K, Damriyasa M, Besung NK, Suarsana N, Sari TK, Agustina KK. A study of African swine fever virus in Regional VI of the Disease Investigation Center of Denpasar Bali in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:844-850. [PMID: 37235158 PMCID: PMC10206974 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.844-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes major economic losses due to morbidity and fatality rates of up to 100% in wild boar and domestic pigs. The disease emerged in Africa in 1921 and then entered several European countries by 1957. In Indonesia, the first outbreak of ASF in 2019 in North Sumatra killed thousands of pigs and quickly spread to 10 out of 34 pig-producing provinces, including Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. As no commercial ASF vaccine is available, the disease has become endemic and continues killing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and virological studies of ASF virus (ASFV) conducted in 2020 and 2021 by the Disease Investigation Center Regional VI of Denpasar Bali, which covers three provinces in Indonesia, including Bali, Western Nusa Tenggara, and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. Materials and Methods A total of 5402 blood samples were sent to the laboratory to detect ASFV infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. The virological studies were performed by culturing local ASFV isolates obtained from field cases in primary macrophages and confirmation of viral growth by qPCR. Results The qPCR results show that only 156/4528 (3.4%) of samples originating from Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara were ASFV-positive with cycle threshold value of 18 to 23, while the virus was not detected in Western Nusa Tenggara. Of 874 serum samples tested, 114 (13%) were antibody positive and were all collected from the two ASFV-affected provinces in 2020. A Bali ASFV isolate (BL21) was isolated and characterized molecularly. Conclusion These findings suggest that during the time of sampling, ASFV was detected only in Bali and East Nusa Tenggara but not in Western Nusa Tenggara. These findings support the symptomology of ASFV reported in the two regions. Moreover, BL21 may be useful for developing subculture-attenuated vaccines using commercial cell lines. However, the current study has some limitations namely the investigation was not performed during the initial outbreak and no pathological examination of internal organs was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayan Masa Tenaya
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Ngurah Swacita
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Wirata
- Disease Investigation Center, Regional VI Denpasar Bali, Jl. Raya Sesetan No. 266, Sesetan, Denpasar Selatan, Kota Denpasar, Bali 80223, Indonesia
| | - Made Damriyasa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Nengah Kerta Besung
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Suarsana
- Laboratory of Biochemical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Tri Komala Sari
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Karang Agustina
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
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Novel Epitopes Mapping of African Swine Fever Virus CP312R Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020557. [PMID: 36851771 PMCID: PMC9963768 DOI: 10.3390/v15020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal pig disease and poses a huge threat to the pig industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV) encodes more than 150 different proteins, but the biological properties of most viral proteins are still unknown. ASFV CP312R protein has been proven to be one of the most immunogenic proteins during ASFV infection in pigs; however, its specific epitopes have yet to be identified. In this study, we verified the immunogenicity of CP312R protein in the sera from attenuated ASFV-inoculated pigs. We generated seven anti-ASFV CP312R mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice immunized with recombinant CP312R protein (rCP312R). All seven mAbs are the IgG2b-Kappa isotype and specifically interacted with the CP312R protein expressed in various cells that were infected by ASFVs or transfected with plasmid CP312R. The epitope mapping was performed by using these characterized mAbs and the peptide scanning (Pepscan) method followed by Western blot. As a result, two antigenic determinant regions were identified: two of the seven mAbs recognized the 122KNEQGEEIYP131 amino acids, and the remaining five mAbs recognized the 78DEEVIRMNAE87 amino acids of the CP312R protein. These antigenic determinants of CP312R are conserved in different ASFV strains of seven genotypes. By using the characterized mAb, confocal microscopy observation revealed that the CP312R was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and, to some extent, in nuclei and on the nuclear membrane of infected host cells. In summary, our results benefit our understanding on the antigenic regions of ASFV CP312R and help to develop better serological diagnosis of ASF and vaccine research.
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Miao C, Yang S, Shao J, Zhou G, Ma Y, Wen S, Hou Z, Peng D, Guo H, Liu W, Chang H. Identification of p72 epitopes of African swine fever virus and preliminary application. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126794. [PMID: 36819042 PMCID: PMC9935695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease (ASF) of pigs that results in serious losses in China and elsewhere. The development of a vaccine and diagnosis technology for ASFV is essential to prevent and control the spread of ASF. The p72 protein of ASFV is highly immunogenic and reactive, and is a dominant antigen in ASF vaccine and diagnostic research. In this study, 17 p72 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated. Epitope mapping by a series of overlapping peptides expressed in Escherichia coli showed that these mAbs recognized a total of seven (1-7) linear B cell epitopes. These mAbs did not show significant neutralizing activity. Epitopes 1 (249HKPHQSKPIL258), 2 (69PVGFEYENKV77), 5 (195VNGNSLDEYSS205), and 7 (223GYKHLVGQEV233) are novel. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the identified epitopes were highly conserved among 27 ASFV strains from nine genotypes. Preliminary screening using known positive and negative sera indicated the diagnostic potential of mAb-2B8D7. The results provide new insights into the antigenic regions of ASFV p72 and will inform the diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Miao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghui Wen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - HuiChen Guo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Wei Liu,
| | - Huiyun Chang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Huiyun Chang,
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Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhang H, Shen Y, Zhang P, Shan H, Cai X. Orally administered recombinant Lactobacillus expressing African swine fever virus antigens that induced immunity responses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1103327. [PMID: 36699597 PMCID: PMC9869048 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, acute, febrile disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), with morbidity and mortality rates approaching 100% in domestic and wild swine, resulting in massive economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. This study aimed to express the p30, p54, and p72 proteins encoded by ASFV in vitro using the Lactobacillus lactis (L. lactis) expression system. Here, six new functional recombinant L. lactis were constructed, and the expression of the p30 protein, p54 protein, p72 protein, p30-LTB (heat-labile enterotoxin B, LTB) fusion protein, p54-LTB fusion protein, and the p72-LTB fusion protein was successfully detected by Western blot analysis. Following oral immunization of rabbits with recombinant L. lactis, serum IgG, intestinal mucosal sIgA, cytokines (IL-4 and INF-γ), and splenocyte viability were higher than in the control group via ELISA. Notably, without the LTB adjuvant group, humoral and Th1 cellular immunity were promoted, whereas, with the LTB adjuvant group, local mucosal immunity, humoral immunity, and Th2 cellular immunity were promoted, providing new insights into the design and development of an ASFV subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Hu Shan, ✉
| | - Xiulei Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Xiulei Cai, ✉
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Hwang HJ, Choi YS, Song K, Frant M, Kim JH. Development and validation of a fast quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1037728. [PMID: 36686190 PMCID: PMC9845278 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes African swine fever (ASF), a lethal hemorrhagic fever that is highly contagious among domestic pigs and wild boars. Due to the high mortality rates and highly contagious nature of the ASF, it is important to develop a fast detection method for ASFV with high sensitivity and specificity to take an immediate action to stop wide spread of the virulent disease. Therefore, a fast and quantitative molecular detection method of ASFV is presented in this study. A total of 24 genotypes of ASFV have been identified based on nucleic acid sequences of the major capsid protein p72. The primers and probe of the present assay was designed to detect all of the p72-based genotypes of ASFV. The turnaround time for PCR detection was within 50 min which is at least about two-times faster compared to other PCR assays. Limit of detection (LoD) was 6.91 genomic copies/reaction for the most virulent genotype II. LoD values for other genotypes were within 10-20 copies/reaction. Cross-reactivity of the assay was validated using a panel of pathogens related to swine disease, and no cross-reactivity was observed. Positive and negative clinical samples (50 samples each) obtained from sick and healthy animals, were used to validate the assay. The results showed that 100% agreement for both positive and negative samples. In summary, the assay described in this study offers the advantage of rapid detection of all genotypes of ASFV with high sensitivity and specificity. The assay is a valuable tool both in clinical and laboratory uses for sensitive and fast detection of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maciej Frant
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Jeong Hee Kim
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Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhang H, Qin Z, Shan H, Cai X. Vaccines for African swine fever: an update. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139494. [PMID: 37180260 PMCID: PMC10173882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal infectious disease of swine caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, the disease is listed as a legally notifiable disease that must be reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The economic losses to the global pig industry have been insurmountable since the outbreak of ASF. Control and eradication of ASF are very critical during the current pandemic. Vaccination is the optimal strategy to prevent and control the ASF epidemic, but since inactivated ASFV vaccines have poor immune protection and there aren't enough cell lines for efficient in vitro ASFV replication, an ASF vaccine with high immunoprotective potential still remains to be explored. Knowledge of the course of disease evolution, the way of virus transmission, and the breakthrough point of vaccine design will facilitate the development of an ASF vaccine. In this review, the paper aims to highlight the recent advances and breakthroughs in the epidemic and transmission of ASF, virus mutation, and the development of vaccines in recent years, focusing on future directions and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihua Qin
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Shan,
| | - Xiulei Cai
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Xiulei Cai,
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Berbamine Hydrochloride Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus Infection In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010170. [PMID: 36615369 PMCID: PMC9822360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a viral disease in swine with a mortality rate of approximately 100%, threatening the global pig industry's economic development. However, vaccines are not yet commercially available, and other antiviral therapeutics, such as antiviral drugs, are urgently needed. In this study, berbamine hydrochloride, a natural bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Berberis amurensis, showed significant antiviral activity against ASFV. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of berbamine hydrochloride in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was 27.89 μM. The antiviral activity assay demonstrated that berbamine hydrochloride inhibits ASFV in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, a 4.14 log TCID50 decrease in the viral titre resulting from non-cytotoxic berbamine hydrochloride was found. Moreover, the antiviral activity of berbamine hydrochloride was maintained for 48h and took effect at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 0.01, 0.1, and 1. The time-of-addition analysis revealed an inhibitory effect throughout the entire virus life-cycle. A subsequent viral entry assay verified that berbamine hydrochloride blocks the early stage of ASFV infection. Moreover, similar anti-ASFV activity of berbamine hydrochloride was also found in PK-15 and 3D4/21 cells. In summary, these results indicate that berbamine hydrochloride is an effective anti-ASFV natural product and may be considered a novel antiviral drug.
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Oronasal or Intramuscular Immunization with a Thermo-Attenuated ASFV Strain Provides Full Clinical Protection against Georgia 2007/1 Challenge. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122777. [PMID: 36560781 PMCID: PMC9784117 DOI: 10.3390/v14122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease of suids that induces high mortality in domestic pigs and wild boars. Given the current spread of ASF, the development of a vaccine is a priority. During an attempt to inactivate the Georgia 2007/1 strain via heat treatment, we fortuitously generated an attenuated strain called ASFV-989. Compared to Georgia, the ASFV-989 strain genome has a deletion of 7458 nucleotides located in the 5'-end encoding region of MGF 505/360, which allowed for developing a DIVA PCR system. In vitro, in porcine alveolar macrophages, the replication kinetics of the ASFV-989 and Georgia strains were identical. In vivo, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs inoculated with the ASFV-989 strain, either intramuscularly or oronasally, exhibited transient hyperthermia and slightly decreased growth performance. Animals immunized with the ASFV-989 strain showed viremia 100 to 1000 times lower than those inoculated with the Georgia strain and developed a rapid antibody and cell-mediated response. In ASFV-989-immunized pigs challenged 2 or 4 weeks later with the Georgia strain, no symptoms were recorded and no viremia for the challenge strain was detected. These results show that the ASFV-989 strain is a promising non-GMO vaccine candidate that is usable either intramuscularly or oronasally.
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African swine fever virus MGF505-7R protein interacted with IRF7and TBK1 to inhibit type I interferon production. Virus Res 2022; 322:198931. [PMID: 36130654 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) employs diverse strategies to confront or evade host type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced antiviral responses. Moreover, the mechanisms of this process are largely unknown. Here, we assessed 27 ASFV proteins to determine whether any of them suppressed the cGAS-STING pathway to facilitate immune evasion. Using dual-luciferase assays, we found that ASFV MGF505-7R suppressed the activity of the IFN-β and ISRE promoters and the expression of IFN-I and ISGs. MGF505-7R interacted with IRF7 and TBK1, degrading IRF7 by autophagy, cysteine, and proteasome pathways and TBK1 by the proteasome pathway. Moreover, TBK1 and IRF3 were phosphorylated by cGAS-STING stimulation. Finally, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based silencing of MGF505-7R enhanced IFN-I antiviral activity. Taken together, these results preliminarily clarified the immune escape mechanism of ASFV MGF505-7R, which provides a potential target for developing antiviral agents.
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Brake DA. African Swine Fever Modified Live Vaccine Candidates: Transitioning from Discovery to Product Development through Harmonized Standards and Guidelines. Viruses 2022; 14:2619. [PMID: 36560623 PMCID: PMC9788307 DOI: 10.3390/v14122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent centennial anniversary of R.E. Montgomery's seminal published description of "a form of swine fever" disease transmitted from wild African pigs to European domestic pigs is a call to action to accelerate African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine research and development. ASF modified live virus (MLV) first-generation gene deleted vaccine candidates currently offer the most promise to meet international and national guidelines and regulatory requirements for veterinary product licensure and market authorization. A major, rate-limiting impediment to the acceleration of current as well as future vaccine candidates into regulatory development is the absence of internationally harmonized standards for assessing vaccine purity, potency, safety, and efficacy. This review summarizes the asymmetrical landscape of peer-reviewed published literature on ASF MLV vaccine approaches and lead candidates, primarily studied to date in the research laboratory in proof-of-concept or early feasibility clinical safety and efficacy studies. Initial recommendations are offered toward eventual consensus of international harmonized guidelines and standards for ASF MLV vaccine purity, potency, safety, and efficacy. To help ensure the successful regulatory development and approval of ASF MLV first generation vaccines by national regulatory associated government agencies, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) establishment and publication of harmonized international guidelines is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLC, P.O. Box 787, Stowe, VT 05672, USA
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Liu S, Ding P, Du Y, Ren D, Chen Y, Li M, Sun X, Wang S, Chang Z, Li R, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain of African swine fever virus structural protein, CD2v. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1056117. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a DNA double-stranded virus with high infectivity and mortality, causing a devastating blow to the pig industry and the world economy. The CD2v protein is an essential immunoprotective protein of ASFV. In this study, we expressed the extracellular region of the CD2v protein in the 293F expression system to achieve proper glycosylation. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by immunizing mice with the recombinant CD2v protein. Eventually, four mAbs that target the extracellular region of the ASFV CD2v protein were obtained. All four mAbs responded well to the ASFV HLJ/18 strain and recognized the same linear epitope, 154SILE157. The specific shortest amino acid sequence of this epitope has been accurately identified for the first time. Meaningfully, the 154SILE157 epitope was highly conformed in the ASFV Chinese epidemic strain and Georgia2008/1 strains according to the analysis of the conservation and have a fair protective effect. These findings contribute to further understanding of the protein function of CD2v and provide potential support for the development of diagnostic tools and vaccines for ASFV.
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Bosch-Camós L, Alonso U, Esteve-Codina A, Chang CY, Martín-Mur B, Accensi F, Muñoz M, Navas MJ, Dabad M, Vidal E, Pina-Pedrero S, Pleguezuelos P, Caratù G, Salas ML, Liu L, Bataklieva S, Gavrilov B, Rodríguez F, Argilaguet J. Cross-protection against African swine fever virus upon intranasal vaccination is associated with an adaptive-innate immune crosstalk. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010931. [PMID: 36350837 PMCID: PMC9645615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is causing a worldwide pandemic affecting the porcine industry and leading to important global economic consequences. The virus causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic disease in wild boars and domestic pigs. Lack of effective vaccines hampers the control of virus spread, thus increasing the pressure on the scientific community for urgent solutions. However, knowledge on the immune components associated with protection is very limited. Here we characterized the in vitro recall response induced by immune cells from pigs intranasally vaccinated with the BA71ΔCD2 deletion mutant virus. Vaccination conferred dose-dependent cross-protection associated with both ASFV-specific antibodies and IFNγ-secreting cells. Importantly, bulk and single-cell transcriptomics of blood and lymph node cells from vaccinated pigs revealed a positive feedback from adaptive to innate immunity. Indeed, activation of Th1 and cytotoxic T cells was concomitant with a rapid IFNγ-dependent triggering of an inflammatory response characterized by TNF-producing macrophages, as well as CXCL10-expressing lymphocytes and cross-presenting dendritic cells. Altogether, this study provides a detailed phenotypic characterization of the immune cell subsets involved in cross-protection against ASFV, and highlights key functional immune mechanisms to be considered for the development of an effective ASF vaccine. African swine fever (ASF) pandemic is currently the number one threat for the porcine industry worldwide. Lack of treatments hampers its control, and the insufficient knowledge regarding the immune effector mechanisms required for protection hinders rational vaccine design. Here we present the first comprehensive study characterizing the complex cellular immune response involved in cross-protection against ASF. We show that, upon in vitro reactivation, cells from immune pigs induce a Th1-biased recall response that in turn enhances the antiviral innate response. Our results suggest that this positive feedback regulation of innate immunity plays a key role in the early control of ASF virus infection. Altogether, this work represents a step forward in the understanding of ASF immunology and provide critical immune components that should be considered to more rationally design future ASF vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bosch-Camós
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Uxía Alonso
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Accensi
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia animals. Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María J. Navas
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Dabad
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sonia Pina-Pedrero
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Patricia Pleguezuelos
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ginevra Caratù
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L. Salas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lihong Liu
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Boris Gavrilov
- Biologics Development, Huvepharma, 3A Nikolay Haytov Street, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail: (FR); (JA)
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail: (FR); (JA)
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Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Viral p54 Protein and a Blocking ELISA for Detection of the Antibody against African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112335. [PMID: 36366433 PMCID: PMC9694993 DOI: 10.3390/v14112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious viral disease in domestic and wild pigs, leading to serious economic losses. As there are no vaccines or drugs available, early accurate diagnosis and eradiation of infected animals are the most important measures for ASFV prevention and control. Therefore, improvement of available diagnostic assays and development of novel effective techniques are required. This study is devoted to generating a new detection platform of blocking monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against ASFV p54 protein. Seven monoclonal antibodies against recombinant p54 protein were produced and four epitopes were identified. Three blocking ELISAs were developed with 6A5 and 6F9 mAbs labeled with HRP, respectively, of which the 6A5/6F9-based blocking ELISA displayed the best detection performance, with an AUC of 0.986, sensitivity of 98.36% and specificity of 92.36% in ROC analysis. Moreover, it has an excellent agreement at 96.59% (198/205) when compared to the commercial blocking ELISA (kappa value = 0.920). The method also has high repeatability, with CV <10%, and no cross reaction with the serum antibodies against PRV, PRRSV, CSFV, PCV2 or SVA. This indicates that the 6A5/6F9-based blocking ELISA has high accuracy with good sensitivity and specificity, suitable for viral detection, field surveillance and epidemiological studies.
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Sequential Deletions of Interferon Inhibitors MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R Result in Sterile Immunity against the Eurasia Strain of Africa Swine Fever. J Virol 2022; 96:e0119222. [PMID: 36197109 PMCID: PMC9599437 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01192-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in pigs worldwide. The lack of vaccines or therapeutic options warrants urgent further investigation. To this aim, we developed a rationally designed live attenuated ASFV-Δ110-9L/505-7R mutant based on the highly pathogenic Genotype II ASFV CN/GS/2018 backbone by deleting 2 well-characterized interferon inhibitors MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R. The mutant was slightly attenuated in vitro compared to parental ASFV but highly tolerant to genetic modifications even after 30 successive passages in vitro. Groups of 5 pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with increasing doses of the mutant, ranging from 103 to 106 hemadsorption units (HAD50). Thirty-five days later, all groups were challenged with 102 HAD50 of virulent parental ASFV. All the animals were clinically normal and devoid of clinical signs consistent with ASFV at the period of inoculation. In the virulent challenge, 2 animals from 103 HAD50-inoculated group and 1 animal from 104 HAD50-inoculated group were unprotected with severe postmortem and histological lesions. The rest of animals survived and manifested with relatively normal clinical appearance accompanied by tangible histological improvements in the extent of tissue damage. Meanwhile, antibody response, as represented by p30-specific antibody titers was positively correlated to protective efficacy, potentializing its usage as an indicator of protection. Moreover, compared to 1 dose, 2 doses provided additional protection, proving that 2 doses were better than 1 dose. The sufficiency in effectiveness supports the claim that our attenuated mutant may be a viable vaccine option with which to fight ASF. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a causative agent of acute viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine which is associated with significant economic losses in the pig industry. The lack of vaccines or treatment options requires urgent further investigation. ASFV MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R, 2 well-characterized interferon inhibitors, were associated with viral virulence, host range, and immune modulation. In this study, a recombinant two-gene deletion ASFV mutant with deletion of MGF110-9L and MGF505-7R was constructed. The result showed that the mutant was safe, and also highly resistant to genetic modification even after 30 successive passages. High doses of our mutant (105 and 106 HAD50) provided sterile immunity and complete protection in a virulent challenge. Two doses were superior to 1 dose and provided additional protection. This study develops a new ASFV-specific live attenuated vaccine and may be a viable vaccine option against ASF.
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Zhang C, Cheng T, Li D, Yu X, Chen F, He Q. Low-host double MDA workflow for uncultured ASFV positive blood and serum sample sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936781. [PMID: 36204298 PMCID: PMC9531595 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Whole-genome sequencing of ASFV is necessary to study its mutation, recombination, and trace its transmission. Uncultured samples have a considerable amount of background DNA, which causes waste of sequencing throughput, storage space, and computing resources. Sequencing methods attempted for uncultured samples have various drawbacks. In this study, we improved C18 spacer MDA (Multiple Displacement Amplification)-combined host DNA exhaustion strategy to remove background DNA and fit NGS and TGS sequencing. Using this workflow, we successfully sequenced two uncultured ASFV positive samples. The results show that this method can significantly reduce the percentage of background DNA. We also developed software that can perform real-time base call and analyses in set intervals of ASFV TGS sequencing reads on a cloud server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fangzhou Chen
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Qigai He
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African Swine Fever Vaccinology: The Biological Challenges from Immunological Perspectives. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092021. [PMID: 36146827 PMCID: PMC9505361 DOI: 10.3390/v14092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV), causes African swine fever (ASF), an acute hemorrhagic disease with mortality rates up to 100% in domestic pigs. ASF is currently epidemic or endemic in many countries and threatening the global swine industry. Extensive ASF vaccine research has been conducted since the 1920s. Like inactivated viruses of other NCLDVs, such as vaccinia virus, inactivated ASFV vaccine candidates did not induce protective immunity. However, inactivated lumpy skin disease virus (poxvirus) vaccines are protective in cattle. Unlike some experimental poxvirus subunit vaccines that induced protection, ASF subunit vaccine candidates implemented with various platforms containing several ASFV structural genes or proteins failed to protect pigs effectively. Only some live attenuated viruses (LAVs) are able to protect pigs with high degrees of efficacy. There are currently several LAV ASF vaccine candidates. Only one commercial LAV vaccine is approved for use in Vietnam. LAVs, as ASF vaccines, have not yet been widely tested. Reports thus far show that the onset and duration of protection induced by the LAVs are late and short, respectively, compared to LAV vaccines for other diseases. In this review, the biological challenges in the development of ASF vaccines, especially subunit platforms, are discussed from immunological perspectives based on several unusual ASFV characteristics shared with HIV and poxviruses. These characteristics, including multiple distinct infectious virions, extremely high glycosylation and low antigen surface density of envelope proteins, immune evasion, and possible apoptotic mimicry, could pose enormous challenges to the development of ASF vaccines, especially subunit platforms designed to induce humoral immunity.
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Zhao J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Sun Y, Zhao Q. A simple nanobody-based competitive ELISA to detect antibodies against African swine fever virus. Virol Sin 2022; 37:922-933. [PMID: 36089216 PMCID: PMC9797394 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is a big threat to the global pig industry. Because there is no effective vaccine, rapid, low-cost, and simple diagnosis methods are necessary to detect the ASFV infection in pig herds. Nanobodies, with advantages of small molecular weight and easy genetic engineering, have been universally used as reagents for developing diagnostic kits. In this study, the recombinant ASFV-p30 was expressed and served as an antigen to immunize the Bactrian camel. Then, seven nanobodies against ASFV-p30 were screened using phage display technique. Subsequently, the seven nanobodies fused horseradish peroxidase (nanobody-HRP) were secretory expressed and one fusion protein ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP was selected with the highest sensitivity in blocking ELISA. Using the ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP fusion protein as a probe, a competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies in pig sera. The cut-off value of cELISA was determined to be 22.7% by testing 360 negative pig sera. The detection limit of the cELISA for positive pig sera was 1:320, and there was no cross-reaction with anti-other swine virus antibodies. The comparative assay showed that the agreement of the cELISA with a commercial ELISA kit was 100%. More importantly, the developed cELISA showed low cost and easy production as a commercial kit candidate. Collectively, a simple nanobody-based cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV is developed and it provides a new method for monitoring ASFV infection in the pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Kunming Customs Technology Center, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
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Chen X, Chen X, Liang Y, Xu S, Weng Z, Gao Q, Huang Z, Zhang G, Gong L. Interaction network of African swine fever virus structural protein p30 with host proteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971888. [PMID: 36090090 PMCID: PMC9451658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) that causes a lethal hemorrhagic disease that is currently threatening the global pig industry. ASFV structural protein p30 is a membrane phosphoprotein that suggests it may play a regulatory role, possibly in signal transduction. Despite its significance in internalization into host cells, the interaction between p30 and host proteins is relatively unknown. In this study, we describe the application of a DUALmembrane yeast two-hybrid assay to screen a primary porcine alveolar macrophages cDNA library and analyze the interactome of p30 protein. Our data identify seven host cellular proteins (DAB2, RPSA, OAS1, PARP9, CAPG, ARPC5, and VBP1) that putatively interact with the p30. We further verified the interaction between p30 and host proteins by laser confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, and GST-pulldown assay. To further understand the relationship between host proteins and p30, we drew the interaction network diagram and analyzed the functional enrichment of each host protein. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated that host proteins were mainly related to endocytosis, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and innate immunity. Collectively, we identified the interaction between p30 and host cell protein using a membrane protein yeast two-hybrid system, which increases our knowledge of the interaction between ASFV and the host and informs future research on antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongnan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Lang Gong,
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Establishment and Application of a Quantitative PCR Method for E248R Gene of African Swine Fever Virus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080417. [PMID: 36006332 PMCID: PMC9416645 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary African swine fever (ASF) is the most serious animal disease that endangers the pig industry in China, causing the heaviest economic loss so far. Effective prevention and control of ASF is necessary for China’s pig industry, and also the focus and hotspot of global swine industry disease prevention and control research. In view of this, rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis of ASF is of great significance. In this study, ASF virus (ASFV) E248R gene was selected to be the target for establishing a real-time PCR method which did not cross-react with other porcine viruses that could cause similar symptoms. The detection methods can be used for the efficient detection of ASFV infection and the recombinant live-vectored virus-expressing antigen protein of ASFV. Abstract ASF has caused huge economic losses to China’s swine industry. As clinical symptoms of ASF were difficult to distinguish from classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), rapid and effective differential diagnosis of ASFV seems very important to control the spread of the disease. In this study, the ASFV E248R gene was selected to be the target for establishing a real-time PCR method. TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of ASFV E248R gene did not cross-react with other porcine viruses that could cause similar symptoms. The results of the repeatability test showed that the coefficients of variation between and within groups were lower than 1.977%. This method can be used for the rapid detection and early diagnosis of ASF. Meanwhile, the recombinant PRRS virus (PRRSV)-expressing E248R gene of ASFV was constructed and rescued by using the reverse genetic platform of live-attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The ASFV E248R gene can be detected by using this real-time PCR detection method, confirming that the ASFV E248R gene could be stably amplified in PRRSV genome at least 20 cell passages. The detection methods can be used for the efficient detection of the ASFV infection and recombinant PRRSV live vector virus-expressing ASFV antigen protein.
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48
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Yang L, Wang L, Lv M, Sun Y, Cao J. Clinical Validation of DNA Extraction-Free qPCR, Visual LAMP, and Fluorescent LAMP Assays for the Rapid Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1067. [PMID: 35888155 PMCID: PMC9320077 DOI: 10.3390/life12071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pig industry and food safety are seriously threatened by outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF). To permit early diagnosis of African swine fever virus (ASFV), prevent its spread, and limit its outbreaks, a highly sensitive diagnostic method that can be performed at pig farms is required. Herein, we established DNA extraction-free real-time PCR (qPCR), visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and fluorescent LAMP assays, which were compared with the results of World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) qPCR to assess ASFV-infected clinical samples. Based on plasmid DNA, the limit of detection for the three assays and OIE qPCR were 5.8 copies/μL. All four assays had good ASFV specificity and showed no cross-reactivity with other tested viruses. These assays were used to diagnose 100 clinical samples. The assays showed good diagnostic consistency, with kappa values of 1.0, 0.84, and 0.88, respectively. Compared with OIE qPCR, the diagnostic specificity/sensitivity of DNA extraction-free qPCR, visual LAMP, and fluorescent LAMP assays were 100%/100%, 100%/87.1%, and 100%/90.32%, respectively. The assays eliminated the need for DNA extraction and are more suitable for ASF diagnosis by inexperienced farmers in low-resource environments, making them a good choice for on-site monitoring of pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Meihui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Yu Sun
- China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
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49
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Zhou X, Lu H, Wu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Zhu H, Sun H. Comparison of mucosal immune responses to African swine fever virus antigens intranasally delivered with two different viral vectors. Res Vet Sci 2022; 150:204-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Mai TN, Sekiguchi S, Huynh TML, Cao TBP, Le VP, Dong VH, Vu VA, Wiratsudakul A. Dynamic Models of Within-Herd Transmission and Recommendation for Vaccination Coverage Requirement in the Case of African Swine Fever in Vietnam. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060292. [PMID: 35737344 PMCID: PMC9228824 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease that is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV) with a high fatality rate in domestic pigs resulting in a high socio-economic impact. The pig business in Vietnam was recently affected by ASF for the first time. This study thus aimed to develop a disease dynamic model to explain how ASFV spreads in Vietnamese pig populations and suggest a protective vaccine coverage level required to prevent future outbreaks. The outbreak data were collected from ten private small-scale farms within the first wave of ASF outbreaks in Vietnam. Three methods were used to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0), including the exponential growth method, maximum likelihood method, and attack rate method. The average R0 values were estimated at 1.49 (95%CI: 1.05–2.21), 1.58 (95%CI: 0.92–2.56), and 1.46 (95%CI: 1.38–1.57), respectively. Based on the worst-case scenario, all pigs in a herd would be infected and removed within 50 days. We suggest vaccinating at least 80% of pigs on each farm once a commercially approved ASF vaccine is available. However, an improvement in biosecurity levels in small-scale farms is still greatly encouraged to prevent the introduction of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.M.); (T.M.L.H.); (T.B.P.C.); (V.P.L.); (V.H.D.)
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.M.); (T.M.L.H.); (T.B.P.C.); (V.P.L.); (V.H.D.)
| | - Thi Bich Phuong Cao
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.M.); (T.M.L.H.); (T.B.P.C.); (V.P.L.); (V.H.D.)
| | - Van Phan Le
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.M.); (T.M.L.H.); (T.B.P.C.); (V.P.L.); (V.H.D.)
| | - Van Hieu Dong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.N.M.); (T.M.L.H.); (T.B.P.C.); (V.P.L.); (V.H.D.)
| | - Viet Anh Vu
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Anuwat Wiratsudakul
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-441-5242
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