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Ishaq A, Said MIM, Azman SB, Dandajeh AA, Lemar GS, Jagun ZT. Utilization of microbial fuel cells as a dual approach for landfill leachate treatment and power production: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41683-41733. [PMID: 38012494 PMCID: PMC11219420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate, which is a complicated organic sewage water, presents substantial dangers to human health and the environment if not properly handled. Electrochemical technology has arisen as a promising strategy for effectively mitigating contaminants in landfill leachate. In this comprehensive review, we explore various theoretical and practical aspects of methods for treating landfill leachate. This exploration includes examining their performance, mechanisms, applications, associated challenges, existing issues, and potential strategies for enhancement, particularly in terms of cost-effectiveness. In addition, this critique provides a comparative investigation between these treatment approaches and the utilization of diverse kinds of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in terms of their effectiveness in treating landfill leachate and generating power. The examination of these technologies also extends to their use in diverse global contexts, providing insights into operational parameters and regional variations. This extensive assessment serves the primary goal of assisting researchers in understanding the optimal methods for treating landfill leachate and comparing them to different types of MFCs. It offers a valuable resource for the large-scale design and implementation of processes that ensure both the safe treatment of landfill leachate and the generation of electricity. The review not only provides an overview of the current state of landfill leachate treatment but also identifies key challenges and sets the stage for future research directions, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and effective solutions in the management of this critical environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Ishaq
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Ismid Mohd Said
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Shamila Binti Azman
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Aliyu Adamu Dandajeh
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Gul Sanga Lemar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kabul University, Jamal Mina, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, Kabul University, Kart-e-Char, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Zainab Toyin Jagun
- Department of Real Estate, School of Built Environment Engineering and Computing, Leeds Beckett University, City Campus, Leeds, UK.
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Dagwar PP, Dutta D. Landfill leachate a potential challenge towards sustainable environmental management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171668. [PMID: 38485011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing amount of waste globally has led to a rise in the use of landfills, causing more pollutants to be released through landfill leachate. This leachate is a harmful mix formed from various types of waste at a specific site, and careful disposal is crucial to prevent harm to the environment. Understanding the physical and chemical properties, age differences, and types of landfills is essential to grasp how landfill leachate behaves in the environment. The use of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in managing leachate is noticeable, as applying these goals directly is crucial in reducing the negative effects of landfill leachate. This detailed review explores the origin of landfill leachate, its characteristics, global classification by age, composition analysis, consequences of mismanagement, and the important role of SDGs in achieving sustainable landfill leachate management. The aim is to provide a perspective on the various aspects of landfill leachate, covering its origin, key features, global distribution, environmental impacts from poor management, and importance of SDGs which can guide for sustainable mitigation within a concise framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Prashant Dagwar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 240, India
| | - Deblina Dutta
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 240, India.
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3
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Clímaco Cunha IL, Machado PG, de Oliveira Ribeiro C, Kulay L. Bibliometric analysis of Advanced Oxidation Processes studies with a focus on Life Cycle Assessment and Costs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22319-22338. [PMID: 38430439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are wastewater treatment technologies that stand out for their ability to degrade Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs). The literature has extensively investigated these removal processes for different aqueous matrices. Once technically mature, some of these systems have become accredited to be applied on a large scale, and therefore, their systemic performances in the environmental and cost spheres have also become essential requirements. This study proposed corroborating this trend, analyzing the available literature on the subject to verify how experts in the AOP area investigated this integration during 2015-2023. For this purpose, a sample of publications was treated by applying the Systematic Review (SR) methodology. This resulted in an extract of 83 studies that adopted life-cycle logic to estimate environmental impacts and process costs or evaluated them as complementary to the technical dimension of each treatment technology. This analysis found that both dimensions can be used for selecting or sizing AOPs at the design scale. However, the appropriate choice of the impact categories for the environmental assessment and establishing a methodology for cost analysis can make the approach still more effective. In addition, a staggering number of processes would broaden the reality and applicability of the estimates, and adopting multicriteria analysis methodologies could address essential aspects of decision-making processes during the design of the arrangements. By meeting the original purposes, the study broadened the requirements for designing AOPs and disseminating their use in mitigating the discharge of CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Luiza Clímaco Cunha
- Research Group in Pollution Prevention (GP2), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Gerber Machado
- Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1380, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Celma de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1380, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Luiz Kulay
- Research Group in Pollution Prevention (GP2), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
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Yavuzturk Gul B, Gulhan H, Soyel S, Kaya R, Ersahin ME, Ovez S, Koyuncu I. Landfill leachate treatment with a full-scale membrane bioreactor: impact of leachate characteristics on filamentous bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91874-91886. [PMID: 37480541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Bulking and foaming are extreme filamentous bacterial growths that present serious challenges for the biological leachate treatment process. The current study evaluates the performance of long-term full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating landfill leachate, specifically focusing on filamentous bacteria overgrowth in the bioreactors. The influence of the variation in leachate structure and operational conditions on floc morphology and filamentous bacteria overgrowth were analyzed for 11 months of operation of the full-scale MBR system. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4-N removal efficiencies of the system were 87.8 ± 4% and 99.5 ± 0.7%. However, incomplete denitrification was observed when the F/M ratio was low. The high C/N ratio was observed to enhance the frequency of small flocs. Furthermore, a poor to medium diversity of the microbial community was observed. Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Microthrix parvicella, and Type 021N were found as the most numerous filamentous organisms. Paramecium spp., Euplotes spp., and Aspidisca spp. were found in small quantities. The limited concentration of PO4-P in the leachate compared to high COD and NH4-N concentrations most probably caused phosphate deprivation and increased abundance of identified filamentous microorganisms. This work is the first study in Türkiye that investigates the bulking and foaming problem in full-scale MBR that treats landfill leachate. Hence, it may provide some pioneering perspectives into landfill leachate remediation by monitoring the hybrid biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yavuzturk Gul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Soyel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Kaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ovez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey.
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Bhagwat A, Kumar R, Ojha CSP, Sharma MK, Pant A, Sharma B, Tyagi JV. Assessing efficiency and economic viability in treating leachates emanating from the municipal landfill site at Gazipur, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:71813-71825. [PMID: 34622409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The leachates emanating from the landfills are high in organic loads and thus become potential sources of contamination for both surface and groundwater. As the landfill ages, the nature of leachate changes from acidic to alkaline. The change in pH level affects the chemical oxygen demand (COD)/biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ratio and when it is less than 0.63, chemical treatments are more effective over the biological treatment methods such as upflow anaerobic sludge blankets (UASB). The existing literature suggests coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation process (Fenton) as effective methods for treating wastewater but no comparison of the two are available. Thus, the present study attempts to identify the most efficient coagulants out of ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and alum [Al2(SO4)3]. Ferric chloride leading to 99% colour removal, 98% COD removal, 99% decrease in total organic carbon, 94.3% removal in NH3-N and 91.4% removal in total Kjeldahl nitrogen is observed to be the most efficient coagulant and surprisingly, proves to be even better than Fenton. To understand the field applicability of the two treatment procedures, coagulation with FeCl3 and Fenton are compared with the UASB method which is currently employed at Gazipur landfill site, Delhi. With lesser operational cost than UASB, both FeCl3 and Fenton perform better on cost-efficiency scale. Switching from in-suit UASB method to the FeCl3 method of treatment may result in decreasing the operational cost by 71.9% and to conventional Fenton may result in decreasing the operational cost by 76.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bhagwat
- Environment Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Environment Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Sharma
- Environment Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Apourv Pant
- Environment Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Environment Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jai Vir Tyagi
- Environment Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Ścieżyńska D, Bury D, Jakubczak M, Bogacki J, Jastrzębska A, Marcinowski P. Application of Micron-Sized Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) for Decomposition of Industrial Amaranth Dyes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1523. [PMID: 36837159 PMCID: PMC9967265 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dyes are highly toxic and persistent in the environment. Their presence in water causes environmental and social problems. Dyes must be effectively removed from the water. A UV/ZVI/H2O2 process was applied to decompose two organic dyes, AM E123 and AM ACID. A commercial ZVI product, Ferox Flow, was used, and its properties were determined using SEM and XRF. The zeta potential, surface area, and optical properties of ZVI were also determined. The efficiency of dye removal in optimal conditions was 85.5% and 80.85% for AM E123 and AM ACID, respectively. Complete decolorization was observed in all samples. The decomposition of both dyes occurred according to a modified pseudo-second-order reaction and there was a statistically significant correlation between the TOC decrease, pH, and process time. The catalyst was observed to have high stability, and this was not affected by the performance of the treatment process even after the third cycle, as confirmed by the results of the catalyst surface analysis and iron diffusion test. Slight differences in process efficiency were observed after each cycle. The need for only a small amount of catalyst to decompose AM E123 and AM ACID, coupled with the ability to reuse the catalyst without the need for prior preparation, may reduce catalyst purchase costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ścieżyńska
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro, and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Bury
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Jakubczak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Bogacki
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro, and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Marcinowski
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro, and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
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Investigation of groundwater vulnerability to open dumpsites and its potential risk using electrical resistivity and water analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13265. [PMID: 36816243 PMCID: PMC9932482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of open dumpsites and its implication on groundwater systems is a critical component of water security for sound long-term environmental management strategies. However, predicting the impacts of dynamic dumpsites on environmental systems is a difficult task that requires a technical approach. This paper applies electrical resistivity and physicochemical water analysis techniques to investigate the groundwater vulnerability to open dumpsite leachates and its potential environmental risk. A total of twenty-nine (29) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were acquired within and around the dumpsites. A physicochemical properties analysis of water from seven hand-dug wells (HDWs) within a 200 m radius of the dumpsite was performed. The subsoil resistivity values encountered within the dumpsite and off-dumpsite vary from 2.4 Ωm to 17 Ωm and 68 Ωm - 611 Ωm respectively. The study links up the subsurface geo-electrical properties (resistivities) with the physiochemical water analysis, which affirmed the electrical resistivity technique efficiency in dumpsite investigation. The geophysical and water analysis results indicate that the groundwater systems within and around the dumpsite are highly susceptible to dumpsite leachates and require urgent evacuation to avoid the impending risks posed to both human health and the environment. While the geophysical analysis indicates high leachates infiltrating index in the subsoil, which invariably affects the groundwater resources, the physicochemical analysis indicates a high concentration of heavy metals, COD, BOD, TDS and high electrical conductivity (EC), affirming the geophysical results. The leachate plumes of the dumpsite suggest to have masterminded the groundwater pollution, the high heavy metals dominating the 7 HDWs have significantly influenced the chemistry of the groundwater quality within the area. Thus, dumpsite is the major cause of groundwater pollution. Indications show that the impacts of dumpsite leachates decreased with depth and source distance. More also, groundwater systems within a 200 m radius of the dumpsite are at risk of a high vulnerability index. Besides the study indications, some influential regional factors such as climatic conditions, hydrology and geology of the dumpsites have further amplified the impending major environmental crisis. Consequently, the study suggests future environmental preservation for the future direction.
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Lima JPP, Tabelini CHB, Aguiar A. A Review of Gallic Acid-Mediated Fenton Processes for Degrading Emerging Pollutants and Dyes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031166. [PMID: 36770833 PMCID: PMC9921589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse reducing mediators have often been used to increase the degradation of emerging pollutants (EPs) and dyes through the Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + HO● + HO-). Adding reductants can minimize the accumulation of Fe3+ in a solution, leading to accelerated Fe2+ regeneration and the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, such as the HO● radical. The present study consisted in reviewing the effects of gallic acid (GA), a plant-extracted reductant, on the Fenton-based oxidation of several EPs and dyes. It was verified that the pro-oxidant effect of GA was not only reported for soluble iron salts as a catalyst (homogeneous Fenton), but also iron-containing solid materials (heterogeneous Fenton). The most common molar proportion verified in the studies was catalyst:oxidant:GA equal to 1:10-20:1. This shows that the required amount of both catalyst and GA is quite low in comparison with the oxidant, which is generally H2O2. Interestingly, GA has proven to be an effective mediator at pH values well above the ideal range of 2.5-3.0 for Fenton processes. This allows treatments to be carried out at the natural pH of the wastewater. The use of plant extracts or wood barks containing GA and other reductants is suggested to make GA-mediated Fenton processes easier to apply for treating real wastewater.
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Kanafin YN, Abdirova P, Arkhangelsky E, Dionysiou DD, Poulopoulos SG. UVA and goethite activated persulfate oxidation of landfill leachate. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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10
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Ramalho M, Jovanović T, Afonso A, Baía A, Lopes A, Fernandes A, Almeida A, Carvalho F. Landfill leachate treatment by immediate one-step lime precipitation, carbonation, and phytoremediation fine-tuning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8647-8656. [PMID: 35060055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high pollutant load of sanitary landfill leachates poses a huge challenge in the search for efficient and environment friendly solutions for their treatment. The objective of this work was to study an integrated solution of environmentally friendly technologies - immediate one-step lime precipitation (IOSLP), carbonation (CB), and phytoremediation (Phyt) - to treat a sanitary landfill leachate. In the leachate sample treatment by IOSLP, the influence of CaO concentration (18.2-33.3 gCaO L-1) and stirring time (2-60 min) on the sludge sedimentability and pollutant removal was studied. Organic load and ammonia nitrogen (AN) removal increases with CaO added, as well as sludge volume. Stirring time has a small influence on organic load and AN removal, presenting a minimum for sludge volume. Thus, the best operational conditions were chosen as 27.6 gCaO L-1, and 40-min stirring time, with 64% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Sludge humidity was 2.1%, making dewatering needless. IOSLP supernatant was submitted to CB by atmospheric CO2, and 100% removals in AN and hardness were attained. Effluents from IOSLP and IOSLP + CB were utilized in Phyt tests, with Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty). The best COD removal (37%) during Phyt was attained for the samples treated by IOSLP + CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Ramalho
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Toni Jovanović
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Afonso
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Baía
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Lopes
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Annabel Fernandes
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carvalho
- Department of Technology and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, 7800- 295, Beja, Portugal
- FibEnTech-UBI, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
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Degradation of the Selected Antibiotic in an Aqueous Solution by the Fenton Process: Kinetics, Products and Ecotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415676. [PMID: 36555316 PMCID: PMC9779365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides used in veterinary medicine can be degraded via the Fenton processes. In the premise, the process should also remove the antimicrobial activity of wastewater containing antibiotics. The kinetics of sulfathiazole degradation and identification of the degradation products were investigated in the experiments. In addition, their toxicity against Vibrio fischeri, the MARA® assay, and unselected microorganisms from a wastewater treatment plant and the river was evaluated. It was found that in the Fenton process, the sulfathiazole degradation was described by the following kinetic equation: r0 = k CSTZ-1 or 0 CFe(II)3 CH2O20 or 1 CTOC-2, where r0 is the initial reaction rate, k is the reaction rate constant, C is the concentration of sulfathiazole, Fe(II) ions, hydrogen peroxide and total organic carbon, respectively. The reaction efficiency and the useful pH range (up to pH 5) could be increased by UVa irradiation of the reaction mixture. Eighteen organic degradation products of sulfathiazole were detected and identified, and a possible degradation mechanism was proposed. An increase in the H2O2 dose, to obtain a high degree of mineralization of sulfonamide, resulted in an increase in the ecotoxicity of the post-reaction mixture.
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Wilk BK, Szopińska M, Sobaszek M, Pierpaoli M, Błaszczyk A, Luczkiewicz A, Fudala-Ksiazek S. Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate using boron-doped diamond anodes: pollution degradation rate, energy efficiency and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65625-65641. [PMID: 35501433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO), due to high efficiency and small carbon footprint, is regarded as an attractive option for on-site treatment of highly contaminated wastewater. This work shows the effectiveness of EO using three boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) in sustainable management of landfill leachate (LL). The effect of the applied current density (25-100 mA cm-2) and boron doping concentration (B/C ratio: 500 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 15,000 ppm) on the performance of EO was investigated. It was found that, of the electrodes used, the one most effective at COD, BOD20 and ammonia removal (97.1%, 98.8% and 62%, respectively) was the electrode with the lowest boron doping. Then, to better elucidate the ecological role of LLs, before and after EO, cultivation of faecal bacteria and microscopic analysis of total (prokaryotic) cell number, together with ecotoxicity assay (Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia salina) were combined for the two better-performing electrodes. The EO process was very effective at bacterial cell inactivation using each of the two anodes, even within 2 h of contact time. In a complex matrix of LLs, this is probably a combined effect of electrogenerated oxidants (hydroxyl radicals, active chlorine and sulphate radicals), which may penetrate into the bacterial cells and/or react with cellular components. The toxicity of EO-treated LLs proved to be lower than that of raw ones. Since toxicity drops with increased boron doping, it is believed that appropriate electrolysis parameters can diminish the toxicity effect without compromising the nutrient-removal and disinfection capability, although salinity of LLs and related multistep-oxidation pathways needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krystyna Wilk
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Sobaszek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Yan Z, Li A, Shim H, Wang D, Cheng S, Wang Y, Li M. Effect of ozone pretreatment on biogranulation with partial nitritation - Anammox two stages for nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115470. [PMID: 35751269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extremely low C/N ratio, high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and refractory organic matter of mature landfill leachate (MLL), appropriate processes should be selected to effectively remove nitrogen and reduce disposal costs. Partial nitritation (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (AMX) have been used as the main nitrogen removal processes for MLL, and the sludge granulation in PN and AMX processes could contribute to high biological activity, good sedimentation performance, and stable resistance to toxicity. In this study, the O3-PN-AMX biogranules process was selected to effectively remove nitrogen from MLL without carbon addition and pH adjustment. Without uneconomical NH4+-N oxidation and wasting the alkalinity of MLL, ozone pretreatment achieved color removal, decreased humic- and fulvic-like acid substances, and alleviated the MLL toxicity on ammonia oxidizers. In addition, the ozonation of MLL could shorten the start-up time and improve the treatment efficiency and biogranules stability of PN and AMX processes. Efficient and stable nitritation was achieved in PN reactor without strict dissolved oxygen (DO) control, which was attributed to the unique structure of granular sludge, ozone pretreatment, and alternating inhibition of free ammonia and free nitric acid on nitrite oxidizers. Through the application of ozone pretreatment and granular sludge, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of the O3-PN-AMX biogranules process reached 0.39 kg/m3/day and 85%, respectively, for the undiluted MLL treatment. This study might provide a novel and effective operation strategy of combined process for the efficient, economical, and stable nitrogen removal from MLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education / State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Anjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education / State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education / State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuqian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education / State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- Shenzhen Shenshui Ecological & Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518048, China
| | - Ming Li
- Engelbart (Beijing) Eco-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101300, China
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14
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P S G da Silva VE, de S Rollemberg SL, da S E Santos SG, C V Silva TF, P Vilar VJ, B Dos Santos A. Landfill leachate biological treatment: perspective for the aerobic granular sludge technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45150-45170. [PMID: 35486275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are high-strength complex mixtures containing dissolved organic matter, ammonia, heavy metals, and sulfur species, among others. The problem of leachate treatment has subsisted for some time, but an efficient and cost-effective universal solution capable of ensuring environmental resources protection has not been found. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been considered a promising technology for biological wastewater treatment in recent years. Granules' layered structure, with an aerobic outer layer and an anaerobic/anoxic core, enables the presence of diverse microbial populations without the need for support media, allowing simultaneous removal of different pollutants in a single unit. Besides, its strong and compact arrangement provides higher tolerance to toxic pollutants and the ability to withstand large load fluctuations. Furthermore, its good that settling properties allow high biomass retention and better sludge separation. Nevertheless, AGS-related research has focused on carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus removal, mainly from sanitary sewage. This review aims to summarize and analyze the main findings and problems reported in the literature regarding AGS application to landfill leachate treatment and identify the knowledge gaps for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente E P S G da Silva
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvio L de S Rollemberg
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sara G da S E Santos
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia F C V Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor J P Vilar
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - André B Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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15
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Assessment of Pretreatments for Highly Concentrated Leachate Waters to Enhance the Performance of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation with Sustainable Low-Cost Catalysts. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matured compost, derived from a mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) plant, was used as a precursor to produce catalysts through hydrothermal and thermal carbonization, HC and PC, respectively. HC and PC displayed suitable properties to act as catalysts in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) treatment of the highly polluted leachate waters generated in the same MBT plant (TOC0 = 27 g L−1; COD0 = 60 g L−1; BOD5,0 = 23 g L−1). The influence of catalyst loading and pH were studied, considering multiple additions of H2O2. The best experimental conditions found were T = 80 °C, pH0 = 3.0, 7.2 g L−1 of HC catalyst, 85.7 g L−1 of H2O2, added in five batches in one-hour intervals between each addition. Under these experimental conditions, removals of 43%, 52%, 93%, 82%, 35%, 95% and 93% for the COD, TOC, BOD5, aromaticity, chlorides, turbidity and color number (CN) were, respectively, observed. Ion exchange resins and coagulation–flocculation were studied as pretreatment options to reduce the complexity of the leachate waters and enhance the CWPO results. Both strategies resulted in higher mineralization and enhanced the consumption efficiency of H2O2 (ηH2O2). The sequential treatment using coagulation–flocculation and CWPO with PC catalyst showed the best results, achieving abatement of 94%, 70%, 98%, 93%, 31%, 96% and 95% for COD, TOC, BOD5, aromaticity, chlorides, turbidity and CN, respectively.
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16
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Farsani MH, Yengejeh RJ, Mirzahosseini AH, Monavari M, Hassani AH, Mengelizadeh N. Effective leachate treatment by a pilot-scale submerged electro-membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9218-9231. [PMID: 34494194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most landfill leachates contain organic compounds that cannot be easily separated by conventional biological processes. Recently, integration of membrane bioreactors and electro-oxidation has been proposed as a suitable option for the treatment and separation of organic and inorganic contaminants in leachate. Therefore, in the present study, the performance of submerged electro-membrane bioreactor (SEMBR) along with a conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR) on a pilot scale was evaluated for the treatment of leachate. Both bioreactors were used to compare treatment efficiency under the same conditions. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), phosphate (PO43--P), color, UV254, and metals were investigated. The results showed that applying electric current to the MBR could approximately increase the COD removal efficiency from 94 to 98.5%; PO43--P removal from 70 to 99%; NH3+-N removal from 91 to 99%; UV254 removal from 80 to 96%; and heavy metals removal from 40 to 95%. Humic acid removal efficiency as another indicator of humic substances was increased from 75% in the MBR to 96% in the SEMBR process. The results also showed that the effluent can be introduced into the wastewater treatment plant for further treatment. The SEMBR process achieved a minimization of fouling of membranes compared to conventional MBR. The consumption of the energy and electrode was in accordance with the previous results, and the required energy of 1.57 kWh/m3 of wastewater was calculated. The sludge volume index (SVI) in SEMBR (105 ml/g) was better than MBR (135 ml/g) due to the electrokinetic effect on the production of denser flocs. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the application of electric current can improve the performance of MBR in removing PO43-, NH4+, and membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heidari Farsani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Hajiseyed Mirzahosseini
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Monavari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hessam Hassani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh
- Research Center of Health, Safety and Environment, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Evaz Faculty of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
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17
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Pisharody L, Gopinath A, Malhotra M, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS. Occurrence of organic micropollutants in municipal landfill leachate and its effective treatment by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132216. [PMID: 34517234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most prominently adopted disposal technique for managing municipal solid waste across the globe. However, the main drawback associated with this method is the generation of leachate from the landfill site. Leachate, a highly concentrated liquid consisting of both organic and inorganic components arises environmental issues as it contaminates the nearby aquifers. Landfill leachate treatment by conventional methods is not preferred as the treatment methods are not much effective to remove these pollutants. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals could be a promising method to remove the micropollutants completely or convert them to non-toxic compounds. The current review focuses on the occurrence of micropollutants in landfill leachate, their detection methods and removal from landfill leachate using AOPs. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products occur in the range of 10-1 to more than 100 μg L-1 whereas phthalates were found below the detectable limit to 384 μg L-1, pesticides in the order of 10-1 μg L-1 and polyaromatic hydrocarbons occur in concentration from 10-2 to 114.7 μg L-1. Solid-phase extraction is the most preferred method for extracting micropollutants from leachate and liquid chromatography (LC) - mass spectrophotometer (MS) for detecting the micropollutants. Limited studies have been focused on AOPs as a potential method for the degradation of micropollutants in landfill leachate. The potential of Fenton based techniques, electrochemical AOPs and ozonation are investigated for the removal of micropollutants from leachate whereas the applicability of photocatalysis for the removal of a wide variety of micropollutants from leachate needs in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pisharody
- The Zuckerberg Institute of Water Research, Ben-Gurion University, Israel
| | - Ashitha Gopinath
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Arbabi M, Tousizadeh S, Tondro E, Sedehi M, Arbabi A. Evaluation of chemical oxygen demand and color removal from leachate using coagulation/flocculation combined with advanced oxidation process. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 35720214 PMCID: PMC9201231 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_55_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the basic practices in the field of waste management is the collection and treatment of leachate. Leachate from municipal waste due to high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dark color is a potential pollutant of the environment, which causes a lot of problems in the absence of treatment and direct discharge to the environment. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of ultrasonic process in combination with coagulation and flocculation process using sodium ferrate in COD and color reduction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, all experiments were performed in batch conditions and with changing process variables such as pH and sonication time, and the effect of three parameters, including ultrasonic reaction time (15, 30, and 45 min), pH (2, 4, 5/5, and 7), and coagulant dosage (from 1 to 150 g/l) on the COD reduction and color removal, was evaluated. Coagulant concentration and then the removal efficiency of COD and color were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS 18. Results: The COD reduction and color removal were 87.05% and 88.6% in optimal condition (using 120 g/L of sodium ferrate at pH 5.5), with coagulation/flocculation, after ultrasound (15 min). Ultrasound (15 min) + sodium ferrate (without coagulation/flocculation) achieved 46.25% of COD reduction and 90.35% of color elimination, whereas the ultrasonic process alone allowed removing the COD and color in the leachate by less than 50%. Conclusion: The results indicate that C–F followed by ultrasonic can be used to efficiently reduce the organic matter and color from municipal waste leachate, and it would be an ideal option for leachate treatment.
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19
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Méndez-Novelo RI, San-Pedro L, May-Marrufo AA, Hernandez-Núñez E, Vales-Pinzón C, Escalante Soberanis MA. Optimization of the adsorption process in the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate by Fenton-adsorption. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.2018308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana San-Pedro
- Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | | | - Emanuel Hernandez-Núñez
- Sea Resources Department, Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mérida, México
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20
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Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Prediction and Optimization of the Fenton Process in Landfill Leachate Decolorization. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an advanced oxidative processes, the Fenton process is receiving popularity as a wastewater treatment technique that can be used for hazardous landfill leachate. The treatment is simple, yet involves complex interactions between the affecting parameters including reaction time, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio, pH, and iron (II) ion concentration. Hence, the purpose of this present study was to analyze the factors affecting landfill leachate treatment as well as their interaction by means of response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design. The independent variables were reaction time, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio, iron (II) ion concentration, and pH, and the dependent variable (response) was color-removal percentage. The optimum treatment conditions for pH, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio, Fe2+ concentration, and reaction time were 8.36, 3.32, 964.95 mg/L, and 50.15 min, respectively. The model predicted 100% color removal in optimum conditions, which was close to that obtained from the experiment (97.68%). In conclusion, the optimized Fenton process using the RSM approach promotes efficient landfill leachate treatment that is even higher than that already reported.
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21
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Tejera J, Hermosilla D, Gascó A, Negro C, Blanco Á. Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216425. [PMID: 34770834 PMCID: PMC8587920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the reduction of the treatment cost of mature landfill leachate (LL) by enhancing the coagulation pre-treatment before a UVA-LED photo-Fenton process. A more efficient advanced coagulation pretreatment was designed by combining conventional coagulation (CC) and electro-coagulation (EC). Regardless of the order in which the two coagulations were applied, the combination achieved more than 73% color removal, 80% COD removal, and 27% SUVA removal. However, the coagulation order had a great influence on both final pH and total dissolved iron, which were key parameters for the UVA-LED photo-Fenton post-treatment. CC (pH = 5; 2 g L-1 of FeCl36H2O) followed by EC (pH = 5; 10 mA cm-2) resulted in a pH of 6.4 and 100 mg L-1 of dissolved iron, whereas EC (pH = 4; 10 mA cm-2) followed by CC (pH = 6; 1 g L-1 FeCl36H2O) led to a final pH of 3.4 and 210 mg L-1 dissolved iron. This last combination was therefore considered better for the posterior photo-Fenton treatment. Results at the best cost-efficient [H2O2]:COD ratio of 1.063 showed a high treatment efficiency, namely the removal of 99% of the color, 89% of the COD, and 60% of the SUVA. Conductivity was reduced by 17%, and biodegradability increased to BOD5:COD = 0.40. With this proposed treatment, a final COD of only 453 mg O2 L-1 was obtained at a treatment cost of EUR 3.42 kg COD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Tejera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
| | - Daphne Hermosilla
- Department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.H.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, EIFAB, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, 42005 Soria, Spain
| | - Antonio Gascó
- Department of Forest and Environmental Engineering and Management, E.T.S.I. Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ángeles Blanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Chemistry Science Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.); (Á.B.)
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22
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Carbajo J, Silveira J, Pliego G, Zazo J, Casas J. Increasing Photo-Fenton process Efficiency: The effect of high temperatures. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Anammox-Based Processes for Mature Leachate Treatment in SBR: A Modelling Study. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature landfill leachates are characterized by high levels of ammoniacal nitrogen which must be reduced for discharge in the sewer system and further treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants. The use of anammox-based processes can allow for an efficient treatment of ammonium-rich leachates. In this work, two real scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), designed to initially perform partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) and simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) for the treatment of ammonium-rich urban landfill leachate, were modelled using BioWin 6.0 in order to enable plant-wide modelling and optimizing. The constructed models were calibrated and validated using data from long- and short-term (one cycle) SBR operation and fit well to the main physical-chemical parameters (i.e., ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations) measured during short-term (one cycle) operations. Despite the different strategies in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and aeration and mixing patterns applied for SBR operation, the models allowed for understanding that in both reactors the PN/A process was shown as the main contributor to nitrogen removal when the availability of organic carbon was low. Indeed, in both SBRs, the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria was inhibited due to high levels of free ammonia, whereas anammox bacteria were active due to the simultaneous presence of ammonium and nitrite and their ability to recover from DO inhibition. Increasing the external carbon addition, a prompt decrease of the anammox biomass was observed, with SPND becoming the main nitrogen removal mechanism. Models were also applied to estimate the production rates of nitrous oxide by aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifiers. The models were found to be a robust tool for understanding the effects of different operating conditions (i.e, temperature, cycle phases, DO concentration, external carbon addition) on the nitrogen removal performances of the two reactors, assessing the contribution of the different bacterial groups involved.
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24
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UVA-LED Technology’s Treatment Efficiency and Cost in a Competitive Trial Applied to the Photo-Fenton Treatment of Landfill Leachate. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to assess the application of UVA-LED technology as an alternative source of irradiation for photo-Fenton processes, aiming to reduce treatment costs and provide a feasible treatment for landfill leachate. An optimized combination of coagulation with ferric chloride followed by photo-Fenton treatment of landfill leachate was optimized. Three different radiation sources were tested, namely, two conventional high-pressure mercury-vapor immersion lamps (100 W and 450 W) and a custom-designed 8 W 365 nm UVA-LED lamp. The proposed treatment combination resulted in very efficient degradation of landfill leachate (COD removal = 90%). The coagulation pre-treatment removed about 70% of the COD and provided the necessary amount of iron for the subsequent photo-Fenton treatment, and it further favored this process by acidifying the solution to an optimum initial pH of 2.8. The 90% removal of color improved the penetration of radiation into the medium and by extension improved treatment efficiency. The faster the Fenton reactions were, as determined by the stoichiometric optimum set-up reaction condition of [H2O2]0/COD0 = 2.125, the better were the treatment results in terms of COD removal and biodegradability enhancement because the chances to scavenge oxidant agents were limited. The 100 W lamp was the least efficient one in terms of final effluent quality and operational cost figures. UVA-LED technology, assessed as the application of an 8 W 365 nm lamp, provided competitive results in terms of COD removal, biodegradability enhancement, and operational costs (35–55%) when compared to the performance of the 450 W conventional lamp.
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25
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Gou Y, Chen P, Yang L, Li S, Peng L, Song S, Xu Y. Degradation of fluoroquinolones in homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129481. [PMID: 33423001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are frequently detected in the environment causing potential hazards to ecological and human health. Inadequate removal efficiencies were reported for fluoroquinolones during conventional wastewater treatment processes whereas the application of photo-Fenton reactions has attracted much attention due to their high reaction rate. This article summarizes the recent proceedings on homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of fluoroquinolones. Degradation efficiencies of fluoroquinolones were discussed as well as rate constants for a distinct comparison. The influences of initial fluoroquinolone concentration, H2O2, Fe2+, pH and temperature were also investigated on homogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of fluoroquinolones. The currently applied heterogenous catalysts were considered including iron oxides catalysts, iron-based composite catalysts and iron-based semiconductor. In addition, the degradation pathways for typical fluoroquinolones were proposed with the products identified in the literature. The results indicated the better performance with the aid of heterogeneous catalysts due to the generation of more active species. Intermediate products at smaller molecular weight were obtained through various types of pathways under heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of fluoroquinolones, implying a practical application with biological treatment processes for fully mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Gou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lang Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Treatment of mature landfill leachate by electrocoagulation followed by Fenton or UVA-LED photo-Fenton processes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
An integral treatment process for landfill leachate reverse osmosis concentrate (LLROC) is herein designed and assessed aiming to reduce organic matter content and conductivity, as well as to increase its biodegradability. The process consists of three steps. The first one is a coagulation/flocculation treatment, which best results were obtained using a dosage of 5 g L−1 of ferric chloride at an initial pH = 6 (removal of the 76% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 57% specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA), and 92% color). The second step is a photo-Fenton process, which resulted in an enhanced biodegradability (i.e., the ratio between the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and the COD increased from 0.06 to 0.4), and an extra 43% of the COD was removed at the best trialed reaction conditions of [H2O2]/COD = 1.06, pH = 4 and [H2O2]/[Fe]mol = 45. An ultra violet-A light emitting diode (UVA-LED) lamp was tested and compared to conventional high-pressure mercury vapor lamps, achieving a 16% power consumption reduction. Finally, an optimized 30 g L−1 lime treatment was implemented, which reduced conductivity by a 43%, and the contents of sulfate, total nitrogen, chloride, and metals by 90%. Overall, the integral treatment of LLROC achieved the removal of 99.9% color, 90% COD, 90% sulfate, 90% nitrogen, 86% Al, 77% Zn, 84% Mn, 99% Mg, and 98% Si; and significantly increased biodegradability up to BOD5/COD = 0.4.
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