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Chan CW, Chen YT, Lin BF. Renal protective and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in nephropathy-prone mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1438327. [PMID: 39262432 PMCID: PMC11389617 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1438327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is considerably high worldwide. A previous study showed that gut microbial dysbiosis was a hallmark of AKI in mice. Whether the probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) plays a role in kidney disease, particularly AKI, remains unclear. Methods To investigate the effects of LcS on kidney injury, tubule-specific conditional von Hippel-Lindau gene-knockout C57BL/6 mice (Vhlhdel/del mice) were supplemented without (Ctrl) or with probiotics (LcS) in Experiment 1, and their lifespan was monitored. Additionally, the Vhlhdel/+ mice were supplemented without (Ctrl and AA) or with probiotics (LcS and LcS + AA) in Experiment 2. Probiotic LcS (1 × 109 colony-forming units) was supplemented once daily. After 4 weeks of LcS supplementation, AA and LcS + AA mice were administered aristolochic acid (AA; 4 mg/kg body weight/day)-containing purified diet for 2 weeks to induce AA nephropathy before sacrifice. Results Supplementation of LcS significantly prolonged the lifespan of Vhlhdel/del mice, suggesting a potential renal protective effect. AA induced-nephropathy increased not only the indicators of renal dysfunction and injury, including urinary protein and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, but also serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels, renal macrophage infiltrations, and pathological lesions in Vhlhdel/+ mice. LcS supplementation significantly reduced urinary protein and KIM-1 levels, serum BUN and IL-6 levels, and renal M1 macrophages, tissue lesions, and injury scores. We also found that LcS maintained gut integrity under AA induction and increased intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells. Furthermore, LcS significantly reduced pro-inflammatory IL-17A and upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10 production by immune cells from intestinal Peyer's patches (PP) or mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and significantly increased IL-10 and reduced IL-6 production by splenocytes. Conclusion Prior supplementation with probiotic LcS significantly alleviated the severity of renal injury. This renal protective effect was partially associated with the enhancements of intestinal and systemic anti-inflammatory immune responses, suggesting that LcS-induced immunoregulation might contribute to its renal protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wai Chan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Balejko EB, Bogacka A, Lichota J, Pawlus J. Effects of Bioactive Dietary Components on Changes in Lipid and Liver Parameters in Women after Bariatric Surgery and Procedures. Nutrients 2024; 16:1379. [PMID: 38732625 PMCID: PMC11085392 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue, as well as its distribution, correlates strongly with disorders of lipid and liver parameters and chronic inflammation. The pathophysiology of metabolic diseases caused by obesity is associated with the dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue. Effective and alternative interventions such as the Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon and bariatric surgeries such as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of modifying the recommended standard weight loss diet after bariatric surgery and procedures on reducing chronic inflammation in overweight patients. In the study, bioactive anti-inflammatory dietary components were used supportively. Changes in the concentrations of lipid parameters, liver parameters, antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, and chemokines were demonstrated. The enrichment of the diet, after bariatric surgery, with the addition of n-3 EFAs(Essential Fatty Acids), bioflavonoids, vitamins, and synbiotics resulted in higher weight losses in the patients in the study with a simultaneous reduction in parameters indicating liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Barbara Balejko
- Department of Commodity Science, Quality Assessment, Process Engineering and Human Nutrition, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogacka
- Department of Commodity Science, Quality Assessment, Process Engineering and Human Nutrition, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lichota
- Unii Lubelskiej 1, Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Gastroenterological Surgery, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 of Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Pawlus
- Unii Lubelskiej 1, Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Gastroenterological Surgery, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 of Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Das TK, Kar P, Panchali T, Khatun A, Dutta A, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti S, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Ghosh K. Anti-obesity potentiality of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E2_MCCKT isolated from a fermented beverage, haria: a high fat diet-induced obese mice model study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:168. [PMID: 38630156 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide. Several pharmacologic drugs are being used to treat obesity but these medicines exhibit side effects. To find out the alternatives of these drugs, we aimed to assess the probiotic properties and anti-obesity potentiality of a lactic acid bacterium E2_MCCKT, isolated from a traditional fermented rice beverage, haria. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, the bacterium was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E2_MCCKT. The bacterium exhibited in vitro probiotic activity in terms of high survivability in an acidic environment and 2% bile salt, moderate auto-aggregation, and hydrophobicity. Later, E2_MCCKT was applied to obese mice to prove its anti-obesity potentiality. Adult male mice (15.39 ± 0.19 g) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5) according to the type of diet: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with E2_MCCKT (HFT). After four weeks of bacterial treatment on the obese mice, a significant reduction of body weight, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, whereas, improvements in serum glucose levels were observed. The bacterial therapy led to mRNA up-regulation of lipolytic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α which may increase the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes such as acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1. Concomitantly, both adipocytogenesis and fatty acid synthesis were arrested as reflected by the down-regulation of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase genes. In protein expression study, E2_MCCKT significantly increased IL-10 expression while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1Ra and TNF-α) expression. In conclusion, the probiotic Lp. plantarum E2_MCCKT might have significant anti-obesity effects on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Titli Panchali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Amina Khatun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Smita Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
- Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research Center, Midnapore City College Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India
| | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Midnapore, 721129, West Bengal, India.
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Rangel-Torres BE, García-Montoya IA, Rodríguez-Tadeo A, Jiménez-Vega F. The Symbiosis Between Lactobacillus acidophilus and Inulin: Metabolic Benefits in an Obese Murine Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:26-34. [PMID: 36443558 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as having an excess of adipose tissue and is associated with the development of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, which are the main causes of death worldwide. Research shows that probiotics and prebiotics reduce the metabolic alterations caused by high-fat diets. Therefore, this work evaluated the effect of the incorporation of Lactobacillus acidophilus (probiotic) and inulin (prebiotic) in the diet through obesity markers (biochemical, anthropometric, and molecular markers) in an obese murine model. Four treatments were administered: (1) hypocaloric diet (HD), (2) HD + L. acidophilus, (3) HD + inulin, and (4) DH supplemented with L. acidophilus + inulin for 8 weeks. After treatment, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in plasma were determined. In addition, the total body weight and adipose tissue were taken to calculate the body mass index. Following RNA extraction from adipose tissue, the expression of PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF1β) was evaluated by semiquantitative PCR. All treatments showed an improvement in biochemical markers compared to the values of the obese model (p < 0.05). Optimal values for blood glucose (133.2 ± 14.3 mg/dL), triglycerides (71 ± 4.6 mg/dL), total cholesterol (48.9 ± 6 mg/dL), HDL-C (40.9 ± 4.8 mg/dL), and LDL-C (8.4 ± 1.7 mg/dL) were obtained in the mixed treatment. Regarding fat mass index (FMI), prebiotic treatment caused the greatest reduction. On the other hand, mixed treatment increased the gene expression of PPARα and TGF1β in adipose tissue with DH with L. acidophilus and inulin treatment. This work demonstrates that the use of L. acidophilus and inulin as a complementary treatment is a viable alternative for prevention and action as a complementary treatment for obesity given the reduction in biochemical parameters and anthropometric indices; these reductions were greater than those found in the classic treatment of obesity due to the induction of the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to reducing the high levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Eduardo Rangel-Torres
- Departamento Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Isui Abril García-Montoya
- Departamento Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Tadeo
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Florinda Jiménez-Vega
- Departamento Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, México.
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Lee NR, Kwon TJ, Chung EC, Bae J, Soung SH, Tak HJ, Choi JY, Lee YE, Won Hwang N, Lee JS, Shin KJ, Lee CH, Kim K, Kim S. Combination of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BEPC22 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BELP53 attenuates fat accumulation and alters the metabolome and gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:647-662. [PMID: 38099933 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03557c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of formulations with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BEPC22 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BELP53 on adiposity, the alteration of microbiota, and the metabolome in high-fat diet-fed mice. The strains were selected based on their fat and glucose absorption inhibitory activities and potential metabolic interactions. The optimal ratio of the two strains in the probiotic formulation was determined based on their adipocyte differentiation inhibitory activities. Treatment of formulations with BEPC22 and BELP53 for 10 weeks decreased body weight gain at 6 weeks; it also decreased the food efficiency ratio, white adipose tissue volume, and adipocyte size. Moreover, it decreased the expression of the lipogenic gene Ppar-γ in the liver, while significantly increasing the expression of the fat oxidation gene Ppar-α in the white adipose tissue. Notably, treatment with a combination of the two strains significantly reduced the plasma levels of the obesity hormone leptin and altered the microbiota and metabolome. The omics data also indicated the alteration of anti-obesity microbes and metabolites such as Akkermansia and indolelactic acid, respectively. These findings suggest that treatment with a combination of BEPC22 and BELP53 exerts synergistic beneficial effects against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Lee
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Kwon
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Chun Chung
- R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd, Seoul 06142, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaewoong Bae
- R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd, Seoul 06142, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song-Hui Soung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05209, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Tak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Choi
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Eun Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Won Hwang
- R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd, Seoul 06142, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seo Lee
- R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd, Seoul 06142, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kum-Joo Shin
- R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd, Seoul 06142, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05209, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seokjin Kim
- R&D Center, Hecto Healthcare Co., Ltd, Seoul 06142, Republic of Korea.
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Naseem Z, Mir SA, Wani SM, Rouf MA, Bashir I, Zehra A. Probiotic-fortified fruit juices: Health benefits, challenges, and future perspective. Nutrition 2023; 115:112154. [PMID: 37536023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Consumers' growing interest in using foods that improve health has motivated researchers and the food industry to develop new functional products, such as foods containing probiotics or live microbes. Probiotics have functional attributes that could satisfy most basic nutritional and therapeutic supplementation requirements. These microbes positively respond to clinical therapies against diseases and illnesses such as rotavirus-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and food allergies. Moreover, the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and diseases related to pathogenic microbes is an exciting and rapidly advancing research arena. Probiotic supplementation usually involves dairy products. However, because of the growing number of individuals affected by lactose intolerance and/or vegans, other food matrices like fruits, vegetables, cereals, and so on, have been studied as potential carriers for these microorganisms, presenting an alternative and better source in the process of assessing novel probiotic strains. The present review discusses the various factors affecting the survival of probiotics during storage in fruit juices, the possible effect of probiotics on sensory attributes and the overall acceptance of the products, and future technologies to improve the viability of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Naseem
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Mohd Wani
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
| | - Molvi Abdul Rouf
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India
| | - Iqra Bashir
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India
| | - Aiman Zehra
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, India
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Pepe RB, Lottenberg AM, Fujiwara CTH, Beyruti M, Cintra DE, Machado RM, Rodrigues A, Jensen NSO, Caldas APS, Fernandes AE, Rossoni C, Mattos F, Motarelli JHF, Bressan J, Saldanha J, Beda LMM, Lavrador MSF, Del Bosco M, Cruz P, Correia PE, Maximino P, Pereira S, Faria SL, Piovacari SMF. Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (ABESO-2022). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:124. [PMID: 37296485 PMCID: PMC10251611 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bressan Pepe
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Laboratório de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), Rua Mato Grosso 306 – cj 1711, Sao Paulo, SP 01239-040 Brazil
| | - Clarissa Tamie Hiwatashi Fujiwara
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Mônica Beyruti
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Centro de Estudos em Lipídios e Nutrigenômica – CELN – University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rodrigues
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Natália Sanchez Oliveira Jensen
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Ariana Ester Fernandes
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Carina Rossoni
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Mattos
- Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - João Henrique Fabiano Motarelli
- Núcleo de Estudos e Extensão em Comportamento Alimentar e Obesidade (NEPOCA) da Universidade de São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | | | - Lis Mie Masuzawa Beda
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Sílvia Ferrari Lavrador
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Mariana Del Bosco
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cruz
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maximino
- Instituto PENSI - Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Núcleo de Saúde Alimentar da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ren J, Li H, Zeng G, Pang B, Wang Q, Wei J. Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms in aging-related diseases: are probiotics ready for prime time? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178596. [PMID: 37324466 PMCID: PMC10267478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation affects health and is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Dysregulation of the gut flora is an important trigger for chronic low-grade inflammation. Changes in the composition of the gut flora and exposure to related metabolites have an effect on the inflammatory system of the host. This results in the development of crosstalk between the gut barrier and immune system, contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation and impairment of health. Probiotics can increase the diversity of gut microbiota, protect the gut barrier, and regulate gut immunity, thereby reducing inflammation. Therefore, the use of probiotics is a promising strategy for the beneficial immunomodulation and protection of the gut barrier through gut microbiota. These processes might positively influence inflammatory diseases, which are common in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxian Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu B, Yu L, Zhai Q, Li M, Li L, Tian F, Chen W. Effect of water-soluble polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta on high-fat diet-induced obese mice: changes in gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37191147 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Morchella esculenta polysaccharides exhibit numerous probiotic activities, but their regulatory effects on the gut microbiota are unclear. This study was conducted to explore whether M. esculenta polysaccharides can regulate dysbacteriosis caused by a high-fat diet and relieve obesity. We extracted a water-soluble polysaccharide from M. esculenta (MPF, purity: 96.19%, consisting of 55.97% glucose, 9.63% xylose, and 22% mannose) that reduces mouse fat accumulation, alleviates obesity, and relieves liver injury, after 90 days of high-fat diet intake. This polysaccharide reversed dysbiosis and regulated the abundance of gut microbiota caused by a high-fat diet (restoring the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and changing the abundances of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, and Faecalibaculum), increasing short-chain fatty acids and decreasing gene expression in the liver (glucose 6-phosphatase, glucose transporter 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) receptor-1α, PPARα, PPARγ, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein α). We identified a regulatory relationship between polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and the liver as a potential mechanism by which polysaccharides can alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Miaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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10
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Al-Moghazy M, Abou baker D, El-Sayed HS. Antimicrobial-prebiotic: Novel dual approach of pomegranate peel extract in vitro and in food system. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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11
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Makwana S, Prajapati JB, Pipaliya R, Hati S. Effects of probiotic fermented milk on management of obesity studied in high-fat-diet induced obese rat model. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the hypothesis that probiotic bacteria are significantly involved in the control of obesity using Wistar rats as the test group by feeding high fat diets (HFD) induced obesity. A total of four groups of rats were considered viz., normal pellet diet fed (NC), HFD fed (DC), HFD fed rats treated with probiotic fermented milk with soy protein isolate (SPI) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) (T1), HFD fed rats treated with probiotic fermented milk without WPC and SPI (T2). Body weight, abdominal fat weight, liver weight, serum Alanine aminotransferase level, and alkaline phosphatase level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after giving daily probiotic milk product supplementation with @ 2 ml per day for continuous 4 weeks. Whereas, C-reactive protein and Aspartate aminotransferase levels were not altered to a significant extent. The histology of the liver from the disease model group showed large lipid vacuoles deposited in the parenchyma cells. Product T2 confirmed fewer micro vesicular fatty changes and the appearance of T2 was better than T1. Overall, the in vivo study results indicated that the probiotic fermented milk exerted a better anti-obesity effect.
Graphical Abstract
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12
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Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Prevents Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation through Inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in the Insulin Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061308. [PMID: 35334965 PMCID: PMC8953550 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing consumption of food with high caloric density and a sedentary lifestyle have influenced the increasing obesity prevalence worldwide. The recent pandemic has contributed to this problem. Obesity refers to a state in which lipid accumulates excessively in adipocytes and adipose tissues. Dried heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis (EF-2001) prevents allergic mechanisms, inflammation, and tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EF-2001 on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. The degree of obesity in experimental rats was reduced after 6 weeks of oral administration of 3 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg dosages of EF-2001, indicating regulating effects in rats with HFD-induced obesity. We found that EF-2001 decreased the amounts of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) in HFD-induced obese rats. The effects of EF-2001 on 3T3-L1 adipocytes stained with Oil red O stain are shown in reductions of lipid accumulation, respectively. In addition, we examined the relationships between EF-2001 treatment and mechanisms for the insulin signaling of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. EF-2001 induced down-regulation in phosphorylation of Erk, JNK, and Akt through the inhibition of insulin receptor phosphorylation. EF-2001 inhibits the expressions of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ, a lipid metabolism-related transcription factor through confocal microscope observation and Western blot on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats. Based on our results, intake of EF-2001 significantly prevented HFD-induced obesity in rats through inhibition of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ in the insulin signaling pathway on lipid accumulation.
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Lan Y, Sun Q, Ma Z, Peng J, Zhang M, Wang C, Zhang X, Yan X, Chang L, Hou X, Qiao R, Mulati A, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Liu X. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity by gut microbiota-SCFAs-liver axis. Food Funct 2022; 13:2925-2937. [PMID: 35191457 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to be associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. seabuckthorn fruits have traditionally been used in Tibetan foods and medicines for thousands of years. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide (SP) is one of the main functional components in seabuckthorn fruits. However, the effects of SP on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity have not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore the amelioration effect of SP on obesity induced by HFD and to reveal its mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites. Results showed that 12-week SP (0.1%, w/w) dietary supplementation could significantly reduce body weight gain, serum lipid level and liver triglycerides level in obese mice. Notably, the SP treatment elevated p-AMPKα and PPARα proteins expression stimulated the phosphorylation of ACC1 and inhibited the protein expression of FAS, PPARγ, and CD36 in the mice liver. Further, SP also reorganized the gut microbiome by up-regulating the proportion of Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Bifidobacterium, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Alistipes, and Bacteroides, and down-regulating the abundance of Lactobacillus, Firmicutes_unclassified, Dubosiella Bilophila, and Streptococcus in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, the production of microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces has also increased. In addition, correlation analysis results showed that obesity-ameliorating effects of SP were highly associated with levels of SCFAs in feces. Therefore, the regulation of SP on liver lipid metabolism may be due to the variation of the gut microbiome and raised production of SCFAs. These results indicate that SP could play the part of a potential nutraceutical for ameliorating obesity through regulation of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Qingyang Sun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Jing Peng
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xianfang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xinglin Hou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Ruixue Qiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Aiziguli Mulati
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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14
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Manzoor S, Wani SM, Mir SA, Rizwan D. Role of probiotics and prebiotics in mitigation of different diseases. Nutrition 2022; 96:111602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Choi SI, You S, Kim S, Won G, Kang CH, Kim GH. Weissella cibaria MG5285 and Lactobacillus reuteri MG5149 attenuated fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J obese mice. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:8087. [PMID: 34776827 PMCID: PMC8559444 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive consumption of dietary fat is closely related to obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recently, probiotics have been highly proposed as biotherapeutic to treat and prevent diseases. Previously, there are studies that demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics against metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. Objective We investigated the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of action of four human-derived lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4502, Lactobacillus gasseri MG4524, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MG5149, and Weissella cibaria MG5285) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Design Obesity was induced in mice over 8 weeks, with a 60% HFD. The four human-derived LAB strains (2 × 108 CFU/mouse) were orally administered to male C57BL/6J mice once daily for 8 weeks. Body weight, liver and adipose tissue (AT) weights, glucose tolerance, and serum biochemistry profiles were determined. After collecting the tissues, histopathological and Western blot analyses were conducted. Results Administration of these LAB strains resulted in decreased body weight, liver and AT weights, and glucose tolerance. Serum biochemistry profiles, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved. Hepatic steatosis and TG levels in liver tissue were significantly reduced. In addition, the size of adipocytes in epididymal tissue was significantly reduced. In epididymal tissues, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MG5149 and Weissella cibaria MG5285 groups showed a significantly reduced expression of lipogenic proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte-protein 2. In addition, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-c and its downstream protein FAS in the liver tissue were significantly decreased. These strains attenuated fat accumulation in the liver and AT by upregulating the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in HFD-fed mice. Conclusion We suggest that L. reuteri MG5149 and W. cibaria MG5285 could be used as potential probiotic candidates to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Im Choi
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHyeon You
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SukJin Kim
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - GaYeong Won
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Kang
- R&D Center, MEDIOGEN Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yadav M, Chauhan NS. Microbiome therapeutics: exploring the present scenario and challenges. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 10:goab046. [PMID: 35382166 PMCID: PMC8972995 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut-microbiome explorations have enriched our understanding of microbial colonization, maturation, and dysbiosis in health-and-disease subsets. The enormous metabolic potential of gut microbes and their role in the maintenance of human health is emerging, with new avenues to use them as therapeutic agents to overcome human disorders. Microbiome therapeutics are aimed at engineering the gut microbiome using additive, subtractive, or modulatory therapy with an application of native or engineered microbes, antibiotics, bacteriophages, and bacteriocins. This approach could overcome the limitation of conventional therapeutics by providing personalized, harmonized, reliable, and sustainable treatment. Its huge economic potential has been shown in the global therapeutics market. Despite the therapeutic and economical potential, microbiome therapeutics is still in the developing stage and is facing various technical and administrative issues that require research attention. This review aims to address the current knowledge and landscape of microbiome therapeutics, provides an overview of existing health-and-disease applications, and discusses the potential future directions of microbiome modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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17
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Youssef M, Ahmed HY, Zongo A, Korin A, Zhan F, Hady E, Umair M, Shahid Riaz Rajoka M, Xiong Y, Li B. Probiotic Supplements: Their Strategies in the Therapeutic and Prophylactic of Human Life-Threatening Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11290. [PMID: 34681948 PMCID: PMC8537706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and viral infections have threatened human life over the ages and constitute the main reason for increasing death globally. The rising burden of these diseases extends to negatively affecting the economy and trading globally, as well as daily life, which requires inexpensive, novel, and safe therapeutics. Therefore, scientists have paid close attention to probiotics as safe remedies to combat these morbidities owing to their health benefits and biotherapeutic effects. Probiotics have been broadly adopted as functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements to improve human health and prevent some morbidity. Intriguingly, recent research indicates that probiotics are a promising solution for treating and prophylactic against certain dangerous diseases. Probiotics could also be associated with their essential role in animating the immune system to fight COVID-19 infection. This comprehensive review concentrates on the newest literature on probiotics and their metabolism in treating life-threatening diseases, including immune disorders, pathogens, inflammatory and allergic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, and COVID-19 infection. The recent information in this report will particularly furnish a platform for emerging novel probiotics-based therapeutics as cheap and safe, encouraging researchers and stakeholders to develop innovative treatments based on probiotics to prevent and treat chronic and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Youssef
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y. Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Abel Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Ali Korin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
| | - Essam Hady
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.U.); (M.S.R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.U.); (M.S.R.R.)
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
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18
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Obesity as the 21st Century's major disease: The role of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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The addition of royal jelly to dairy probiotic dessert produced with predictive microbiology: Influence on physicochemical, rheological, microbial and sensorial properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Shin M, Ban OH, Jung YH, Yang J, Kim Y. Genomic characterization and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 isolated from infant faeces. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:578-588. [PMID: 33421164 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics play an important role in health benefits on the host. However, they also possess potentials for infectivity or in situ toxin production; thus, requiring a comprehensive assessment of their safety. In this study, we report genomic characteristics of a newly isolated Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 from infant faeces. Phenotypic assays based on enzyme activities and carbohydrate fermentation profiles represented metabolic features of the strain. Safety evaluation for antimicrobial resistance, biogenic amines production and cytotoxicity to a murine mouse model suggested its safe use as a probiotic strain. Our findings on the genetic background of L. casei IDCC 3451 and its potential features provide a promising functional and safe probiotic strain for the human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - O-H Ban
- Ildong Bioscience, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Perumal KV, Ja’afar NL, Mat Taib CN, Shafie NH, Bahari H. Antiobesity Activity of Elateriospermum tapos Shell Extract in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020321. [PMID: 33435518 PMCID: PMC7827679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, abnormal liver function, diabetes, and cancers. Orlistat is currently available to treat obesity, but it is associated with adverse side effects. Natural resources are widely used for obesity treatment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity activity of Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) shell extract in obesity induced Sprague Dawley rats. The rats' obesity was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet made up of 50% standard rat pellet, 20% milk powder, 6% corn starch, and 24% ghee and a cafeteria (CAF) diet such as chicken rolls, salty biscuits, cakes, and cheese snacks. A hot aqueous method for the extraction of E. tapos shells was applied by using 500 mL of distilled water for about 24 h. Various dosages of E. tapos shell extract (10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) were used. At the end of the study, body weight, caloric intake, organ weight, lipid profile, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and histopathology analysis were carried out. E. tapos shell extract treated groups showed a reduction in body weight, positive lipid-lowering effect, decrements in triglyceride accumulation and LPL activity, and positive improvement in histopathology analysis. A dose of 200 mg/kg showed the most effective result compared to 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokila Vani Perumal
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.V.P.); (N.L.J.); (C.N.M.T.)
| | - Nor Liyana Ja’afar
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.V.P.); (N.L.J.); (C.N.M.T.)
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.V.P.); (N.L.J.); (C.N.M.T.)
| | - Nurul Husna Shafie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (K.V.P.); (N.L.J.); (C.N.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-2769
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POCU1b, the n-Butanol Soluble Fraction of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Attenuates Obesity, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver, and Insulin Resistance via Inhibitions of Pancreatic Lipase, cAMP-Dependent PDE Activity, AMPK Activation, and SOCS-3 Suppression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123612. [PMID: 33255404 PMCID: PMC7759958 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the n-BuOH soluble fraction of Polygoni Cuspidati 80% ethanol extract (POCU1b) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and insulin resistance (IR) to find a safe and more effective agent. HPLC profiling of POCU1b identified seven marker compounds. POCU1b increased glycerol release, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, and inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. Seven weeks of POCU1b treatment decreased body weight gain, weight and adipocyte size in fat tissues, serum lipids, and triglyceride and lipid droplets in the livers of HFD-fed rats. POCU1b improved blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and impaired insulin secretion in the pancreas. Further, POCU1b ameliorated adiponectin, leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, increased AMPK and p-ACC expression, activated CPT-1 activity, and suppressed FAS mRNA, SOCS-3 protein expression, and NF-κB DNA-binding activity. When compared with the Xenical®-treated group, a positive group, the action of POCU1b on body weight was more effective than that of Xenical. POCU1b did not show side effects, such as oily spotting and loss of appetite. These results suggest that POCU1b possesses therapeutic or preventive potential for obesity, NAFL and IR via inhibitions of pancreatic lipase and cAMP-dependent PDE activity, AMPK activation, and SOCS-3 suppression, without oily spotting and loss of appetite.
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Abstract
Research on lactic acid bacteria has confirmed how specific strains possess probiotic properties and impart unique sensory characteristics to food products. The use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in many food products, thus confers various health benefits to humans when they are frequently consumed in adequate amounts. The advent of functional food or the concept of nutraceuticals objectively places more emphasis on seeking alternatives to limit the use of medications thus promoting the regular consumption of fermented foods. Probiotic use has thus been recommended to fulfill the role of nutraceuticals, as no side effects on human health have been reported. Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can boost and strengthen the human immune system, thereby increasing its resistance against numerous disease conditions. Consumer safety and confidence in dairy and fermented food products and the desire of the food industry to meet the sensory and health needs of consumers, has thus increased the demand for probiotic starter cultures with exceptional performance coupled with health benefiting properties. The potential of probiotic cultures and lactic acid bacteria in many industrial applications including fermented food products generally affects product characteristics and also serves as health-promoting foods for humans. The alleviation of lactose intolerance in many populations globally has been one of the widely accepted health claims attributed to probiotics and lactic acid bacteria, although many diseases have been treated with probiotic lactic acid bacteria and have been proven with scientific and clinical studies. The aim of our review was to present information related to lactic acid bacteria, the new classification and perspectives on industrial applications with a special emphasis on food safety and human health.
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Mishra AK, Ghosh AR. Probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 mitigated high fat diet induced obesity and produced propionic acid stimulated apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. Life Sci 2020; 261:118292. [PMID: 32822715 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Probiotics and their metabolites (SCFA) can regulate energy homeostasis. The present study thus evaluates the synergistic effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 on HFD induced obesity and the role of propionic acid (PA) in apoptosis induction of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were used to develop an HFD induced obesity model for 24 weeks. The effect of the orally administered probiotic AG5 (18th-24th weeks, 1 × 109 CFU/ml) was evaluated using physiological, biochemical, anthropometry, histopathological and serological analyses. Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte was assessed using flow cytometry, protein expression of PPARγ, 5-LOX, NF-κB, p-AKT, caspase 10 and detection of caspase 3/7 by Immunofluorescence confirmed the apoptosis induced by PA. KEY FINDINGS Probiotic AG5 significantly reduced body weight, BMI, serum cholesterol, triglycerides (p < 0.05) and improved HDL, insulin and leptin but lowered LDL and VLDL (p > 0.05). An inflammatory response was reduced as evident by TNF-α IHC. AG5 reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and fatty acid accumulation. Flow cytometry confirmed late apoptosis in PA-AG5 and standard PA treated 3T3-L1 cells. 5-LOX inhibition is associated with apoptosis induction, and increased caspase 1p 10 is related to cell death initiation. The study initially showed a low PPARγ activity inhibiting 5-LOX which may relate to adipose apoptosis. Finally caspase 3/7 detection using immunofluorescence proved the role of PA in adipocyte apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The present study is a novel approach towards obesity mitigation involving adipocyte apoptosis. The role of SCFA in adipocyte apoptosis is very limited which can prove to be novel therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Suleiman JB, Nna VU, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Bakar ABA, Mohamed M. Obesity-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: Protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lin YC, Chen YT, Li KY, Chen MJ. Investigating the Mechanistic Differences of Obesity-Inducing Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M1 and Anti-obesity Lactobacillus mali APS1 by Microbolomics and Metabolomics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1454. [PMID: 32733406 PMCID: PMC7360855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the anti-obesity effects of probiotics in animal models and humans. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms of obesity-inducing probiotics. In a previous study, we demonstrated that specific bacterial strains isolated from kefir, Lactobacillus kefirnofaciens M1 and Lactobacillus mali APS1, possess obesity and anti-obesity effects, respectively, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Thus, in the present study, we systematically investigated whether APS1 and M1 affect energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice and how this might be achieved. We observed that the M1/APS1 intervention influenced fat accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and inflammation-related marker expression both in vitro and in a HFD induced C57BL/6J mice model. We also observed putative links between key taxa and possible metabolic processes of the gut microbiota. Notably, families Christensenellaceae and S24_7 were negatively correlated with body weight gain through increase in the essential esterized carnitine for energy expenditure. These results suggest the importance of specific probiotic interventions affecting leanness and obesity of subjects under a HFD, which are operated by modulating the tripartite relationship among the host, microbiota, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lin
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsung Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Khanna S, Walia S, Kondepudi KK, Shukla G. Administration of indigenous probiotics modulate high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in Sprague Dawley rats. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1345-1359. [PMID: 32632629 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics, is emerging as a promising approach for the management of metabolic diseases but due to their species and strain specific response, isolation of new probiotic strains is gaining importance. The present study was designed to assess the effect of isolated and well characterised indigenous probiotics, Lactobacillus pentosus GSSK2, Lactobacillus fermentum PUM and Lactobacillus plantarum GS26A in high fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic syndrome. It was observed that though supplementation of all three probiotics for 12 weeks to Sprague Dawley rats fed with HFD, ameliorated the anthropometric parameters, but L. pentosus GSSK2 showed maximum reduction in weight gain while maximum decrease in abdominal circumference, Lee's index, BMI and visceral fat deposition was observed in L. plantarum GS26A compared with HFD animals. Further, administration of L. plantarum GS26A to HFD animals led to significant increase in lactic acid bacteria count and lipid excretion in feces followed by L. pentosus GSSK2 and L. fermentum PUM compared with counter controls. Additionally, both L. pentosus GSSK2 and L. plantarum GS26A exhibited improved glucose tolerance, liver biomarkers, alleviated oxidative stress and restored the histoarchitechture of adipose tissue, colon and liver compared with HFD animals. The study highlights the prophylactic potential of isolated probiotics in experimental metabolic syndrome model and revealed that amongst all three probiotics, L. pentosus GSSK2 and L. plantarum GS26A were equally effective and more promising than L. fermentum PUM in improving metabolic dysfunctions and may be employed as functional foods but needs to be correlated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Block A, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanisha Walia
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Block A, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Geeta Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Block A, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Castañeda-Márquez AC, Díaz-Benítez CE, Bahena-Roman M, Campuzano-Benítez GE, Galván-Portillo M, Campuzano-Rincón JC, Lagunas-Martínez A, Bermudez-Morales VH, Orbe-Orihuela YC, Peralta-Romero J, Cruz M, Burguete-García AI. Lactobacillus paracasei as a protective factor of obesity induced by an unhealthy diet in children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:271-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen LH, Huang SY, Huang KC, Hsu CC, Yang KC, Li LA, Chan CH, Huang HY. Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 decelerated age-related muscle loss by ensuring mitochondrial function in SAMP8 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:756-770. [PMID: 30696799 PMCID: PMC6366975 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common impairment in the elderly population responsible for poor outcomes later in life; it can be caused by age-related alternations. Only a few strategies have been reported to reduce sarcopenia. Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23) has been reported to delay some age-related disorders. Therefore, here we investigated whether LPPS23 decelerates age-related muscle loss and its underlying mechanism. Female senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups (n=6 each): non-aging (16-week-old), control (28-week-old), and PS23 (28-week-old) groups. The control and PS23 groups were given saline and LPPS23, respectively. We evaluated the effects of LPPS23 by analyzing body weight and composition, muscle strength, protein uptake, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, and inflammation-related cytokines. LPPS23 significantly attenuated age-related decreases of muscle mass and strength. Compared to the control group, the non-aging and PS23 groups exhibited higher mitochondrial function, IL10, antioxidant enzymes, and protein uptake. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines and ROS were lower in the non-aging and PS23 groups than the control group. Taken together, LPPS23 extenuated sarcopenia progression during aging; this effect might have been enacted by preserving the mitochondrial function via reducing age-related inflammation and ROS and by retaining protein uptake in the SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Hsu
- Research and Development Department, Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Cheh Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ai Li
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hypertension Programmed by Perinatal High-Fat Diet: Effect of Maternal Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122908. [PMID: 31810197 PMCID: PMC6950030 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can originate in early life caused by perinatal high-fat (HF) consumption. Gut microbiota and their metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine (TMA), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are involved in the development of hypertension. Despite the beneficial effects of prebiotic/probiotic on human health, little is known whether maternal use of prebiotics/probiotics could protect offspring against the development of hypertension in adulthood. We investigated whether perinatal HF diet-induced programmed hypertension in adult offspring can be prevented by therapeutic uses of prebiotic inulin or probiotic Lactobacillus casei during gestation and lactation. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats received regular chow or HF diet (D12331, Research Diets), with 5% w/w long chain inulin (PRE), or 2 × 108 CFU/day Lactobacillus casei via oral gavage (PRO) during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were assigned to four groups: control, HF, PRE, and PRO. Rats were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Maternal prebiotic or probiotic therapy prevents elevated blood pressure (BP) programmed by perinatal HF consumption. Both prebiotic and probiotic therapies decreased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and renal mRNA expression of Ace, but increased abundance of genus Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Additionally, prebiotic treatment prevents HF-induced elevation of BP is associated with reduced fecal propionate and acetate levels, while probiotic therapy restored several Lactobacillus species. Maternal probiotic or prebiotic therapy caused a reduction in plasma TMAO level and TMAO-to-TMA ratio. The beneficial effects of prebiotic or probiotic therapy on elevated BP programmed by perinatal HF diet are relevant to alterations of microbial populations, modulation of microbial-derived metabolites, and mediation of the renin-angiotensin system. Our results cast a new light on the use of maternal prebiotic/probiotic therapy to prevent hypertension programmed by perinatal HF consumption. The possibility of applying gut microbiota-targeted therapies as a reprogramming strategy for hypertension warrants further clinical translation.
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Yan S, Shi R, Li L, Ma S, Zhang H, Ye J, Wang J, Pan J, Wang Q, Jin X, Liu X, Liu Z. Mannan Oligosaccharide Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and Appetite in Western-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Via Reshaping Gut Microbiome and Enhancing Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900521. [PMID: 31487425 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) has been reported to be a potential prebiotic. The present study is aimed to determine the effects of MOS on western-diet-induced obesity and to uncover the mediating roles of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-month-old male ICR mice are fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 8 weeks. The diet-induced obese mice are then orally administrated with MOS (100 and 200 mg kg-1 d-1 ) for 4 weeks. MOS significantly reduces bodyweight gain, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and inflammatory responses in obese mice. MOS also stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis in the adipose tissues. Moreover, MOS restructures the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in obese mice. The microbial metabolite SCFAs are also increased in the feces and serum. Correlation analysis indicates that the appetite suppression and lipid-lowering effects of MOS are highly correlated with the butyrate levels. CONCLUSION MOS suppresses the appetite, which results in less lipid deposition. The lower appetite is likely due to an altered gut microbiome and elevated SCFAs production. MOS may be a potential nutraceutical used in body weight management and gut health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Yan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shaobo Ma
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junru Pan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qianxu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Xi'an Yuensun Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Pioneering R&D Park, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Cao C, Wu R, Zhu X, Li Y, Li M, An F, Wu J. Ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum WW-fermented soy extract on rat fatty liver via the PPAR signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Chuang HL, Hsieh PS, Ho HH, Chen WL, Chiu YS, Huang CC. In Vivo Ergogenic Properties of the Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 Isolated from a Weightlifting Gold Medalist. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092003. [PMID: 31450615 PMCID: PMC6770164 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, probiotics of human origin have shown superior results and performance compared to probiotics from plant or dairy sources, in both in vitro and animal studies. Towards this end, the current study was conducted to explore the ergogenic properties of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum OLP-01 isolated from the intestinal microbiome of the gold medalist from the 2008 Beijing Olympics women’s 48 kg weightlifting competition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and orally administered OLP-01 for 4 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 2.05 × 109 (OLP-01-1X), 4.10 × 109 (OLP-01-2X), and 1.03 × 1010 (OLP-01-5X) CFU/kg/day. Physical performance tests including grip strength and endurance time were measured, with OLP-01 supplementation dose-dependently elevating grip strength and endurance. The anti-fatigue activity levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured after an acute exercise challenge, and OLP-01 was found to significantly decrease lactate, ammonia, and CK levels. OLP-01 treatment was also found to significantly increase the resting levels of both hepatic and muscular glycogen, an indicator of energy storage. Supplementation by OLP-01 showed no subchronic toxic effects while supporting many health-promoting, performance-improving, and fatigue-ameliorating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Department of Sports Training Science-Athletics, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shuo Chiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan.
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Chang CS, Ruan JW, Kao CY. An overview of microbiome based strategies on anti-obesity. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:7-16. [PMID: 30844145 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the significant global obesity epidemic and emerging strong scientific evidence that connected gut microbiota to obesity, intervening obesity by targeting gut microbiota has become a trendy strategy. Particularly the application of probiotics has become remarkably popular because of their expected association with gut microbiota modulation. Although there are many literatures on the effects of probiotics in obese animal models, most of them reported the effects of probiotic bacteria on metabolic indications with limited information on anti-obesity itself. Besides, some probiotics have been shown to reduce certain metabolic symptoms but they failed to achieve weight loss. This report reviewed the current literatures on the anti-obesity effects of next-generation probiotics in various animal obesity models and discussed the beneficial potential of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating obesity in humans. The purpose of this article is to help guide further research improve the probiotic bacteria experiments in more precise animal obesity models by standardizing the anti-obesogenesis, obesity control, and treatment assays and hopefully the evidence-based investigations on harnessing gut microbiota through next-generation probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation will develop new interventions to promote and achieve anti-obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherng-Shyang Chang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Wei Ruan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Kao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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The Antiobesity Effects of Buginawa in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and in a Mouse Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3101987. [PMID: 31467880 PMCID: PMC6699312 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been a remarkable interest in finding lipid inhibitors from natural products to replace synthetic compounds, and a variety of oriental medicinal herbs are reported to have biological activity with regard to lipid inhibition. Buginawa (Bugi) is a novel combined formula that contains twelve medicinal herbs with potential for weight loss induction. We hypothesized that Bugi may have antiobesity effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in a high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced mouse model. In this study, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with varied concentrations of Bugi (62.5, 125, or 250 μg/mL). Bugi treatment inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing adipogenic transcription genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protein (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Mice were fed a normal diet or an HFD for 11 weeks, and Bugi was simultaneously administered at 50 or 100 mg/kg. Bugi administration significantly reduced body weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and effectively inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and liver tissue. Further, Bugi treatment suppressed mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1 in eWAT and liver tissue. Our findings demonstrate that Bugi could be an effective candidate for preventing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Ji Y, Chung YM, Park S, Jeong D, Kim B, Holzapfel WH. Dose-dependent and strain-dependent anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus sakei in a diet induced obese murine model. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6651. [PMID: 30923658 PMCID: PMC6431538 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and abdominal obesity, in addition to medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar and triglyceride levels, are typical risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Yet, considering the complexity of factors and underlying mechanisms leading to these inflammatory conditions, a deeper understanding of this area is still lacking. Some probiotics have a reputation of a relatively-long history of safe use, and an increasing number of studies are confirming benefits including anti-obesity effects when administered in adequate amounts. Recent reports demonstrate that probiotic functions may widely differ with reference to either intra-species or inter-species related data. Such differences do not necessarily reflect or explain strain-specific functions of a probiotic, and thus require further assessment at the intra-species level. Various anti-obesity clinical trials with probiotics have shown discrepant results and require additional consolidated studies in order to clarify the correct dose of application for reliable and constant efficacy over a long period. METHODS Three different strains of Lactobacillus sakei were administered in a high-fat diet induced obese murine model using three different doses, 1 × 1010, 1 × 109 and 1 × 108 CFUs, respectively, per day. Changes in body and organ weight were monitored, and serum chemistry analysis was performed for monitoring obesity associated biomarkers. RESULTS Only one strain of L. sakei (CJLS03) induced a dose-dependent anti-obesity effect, while no correlation with either dose or body or adipose tissue weight loss could be detected for the other two L. sakei strains (L338 and L446). The body weight reduction primarily correlated with adipose tissue and obesity-associated serum biomarkers such as triglycerides and aspartate transaminase. DISCUSSION This study shows intraspecies diversity of L. sakei and suggests that anti-obesity effects of probiotics may vary in a strain- and dose-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Young Mee Chung
- Beneficial Microbes Center, CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - Dahye Jeong
- Beneficial Microbes Center, CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Bongjoon Kim
- Beneficial Microbes Center, CJ Foods R&D, CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
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Probiotics: How Effective Are They in the Fight against Obesity? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020258. [PMID: 30678355 PMCID: PMC6412733 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota. The abundance in, and diversity of, certain bacteria may favor energy harvest and metabolic pathways leading to obesity. Therefore, gut microbiota has become a potential target that can be manipulated to obtain optimal health. Probiotics have been shown to influence the composition of the gut microbiota, improve gut integrity, and restore the microbial shifts characteristic of obesity. Based on physical and biochemical parameters, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and alterations in gut microbe diversity, animal studies revealed beneficial results in obese models whereas the results in humans are sparse and inconsistent. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials demonstrating the effects of various probiotic strains and their potential efficacy in improving obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions. Furthermore, the review discusses current gaps in our understanding of how probiotics modulate gut microflora to protect against obesity. Finally, we propose future studies and methodological approaches that may shed light on the challenges facing the scientific community in deciphering the host–bacteria interaction in obesity.
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Pinyo J, Hira T, Hara H. Continuous feeding of a combined high-fat and high-sucrose diet, rather than an individual high-fat or high-sucrose diet, rapidly enhances the glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response to meal ingestion in diet-induced obese rats. Nutrition 2019; 62:122-130. [PMID: 30878816 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted by enteroendocrine L-cells in response to nutrient ingestion. To date, GLP-1 secretion in diet-induced obesity is not well characterized. We aimed to examine GLP-1 secretion in response to meal ingestion during the progression of diet-induced obesity and determinewhether a combined high-fat and high-sucrose (HFS) diet, an individual high-fat (HiFat), or a high-sucrose (HiSuc) diet affect adaptive changes in the postprandial GLP-1 response. METHODS Rats were fed a control, HiFat diet (30% weight), HiSuc diet (40% weight), or HFS (30% fat and 40% sucrose) diet for 5 wk. Meal tolerance tests were conducted to determine postprandial glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 responses to standard (control) diet ingestion every 2 wk. RESULTS After 5 wk, body weight gain of the HiFat (232.3 ± 7.8 g; P = 0.021) and HFS groups (228.0 ± 7.8; P = 0.039), but not the HiSuc group (220.3 ± 7.9; P = 0.244), were significantly higher than that of the control group (200.7 ± 5.4 g). In meal tolerance tests after 2 wk, GLP-1 concentration was significantly elevated in the HFS group only (17.2 ± 2.6 pM; P < 0.001) in response to meal ingestions, but the HiFat group (16.6 ± 3.7 pM; P = 0.156) had a similar response as the HFS group. After 4 wk, GLP-1 concentrations were similarly elevated at 15min in the HFS (14.1 ± 4.4; P = 0.010), HiFat (13.2 ± 2.0; P < 0.001), and HiSuc (13.0 ± 3.3; P = 0.016) groups, but the HFS (9.8 ± 1.0; P = 0.019) and HiFat (8.3 ± 1.5; P = 0.010) groups also had significant elevation at 30min. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the continuous ingestion of excessive fat and sucrose rapidly enhances the GLP-1 secretory response to luminal nutrients, and the HiFat diet may have a potent effect compared with the HiSuc diet on GLP-1 secretory responses. The increment of postprandial GLP-1 and insulinsecretion may have a role in normalizing postprandial glycaemia and slowing the establishment of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukkrapong Pinyo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tohru Hira
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Park YJ, Lee GS, Cheon SY, Cha YY, An HJ. The anti-obesity effects of Tongbi-san in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:1. [PMID: 30606178 PMCID: PMC6319014 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been noted that natural herbal medications may be effective in treating obesity. Tongbi-san (TBS) is a traditional medicine usually used for dysuria (i.e., painful urination), containing three herbs, Cyperus rotundus L., Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Poria cocos. In this study, we aimed to examine whether TBS can inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipogenesis in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, an HFD plus orlistat 10 or 20 mg/kg, or an HFD plus TBS 50 or 100 mg/kg for 11 weeks. Body weight was checked weekly and histological tissue examinations were investigated. An expression of genes involved in adipogenesis was also assessed. RESULTS Oral administration of TBS significantly reduced body weight and decreased epididymal and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. In addition, we found that TBS enhanced the expression of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the expression of transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the liver and epididymal WAT as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of TBS may be linked to the activation of AMPK.
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Yin B, Song Q, Chen L, Li X, Han Y, Wang X, Dai J, Sun X. Establishment of an immortalized intestinal epithelial cell line from tree shrews by lentivirus-mediated hTERT gene transduction. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:107-116. [PMID: 30603916 PMCID: PMC6368523 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has an average lifespan of 4–5 days. Normally, primary intestinal epithelial cells can be cultured for about 15 days in vitro. The aim of this study was to explore methods to isolate and immortalize intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of tree shrews in order to establish a new resource of experimental material and to provide a cell model for drug development and infection mechanism research. Tissue from the small intestine of tree shrews was digested with collagenase XI, neutral protease I, and dithiothreitol. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) was transferred into tree shrew IECs using the pHBLV-CMVIE-ZsGreen-Puro vector. The level of hTERT mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were performed to detect biochemical markers of IECs. The micromorphology of cells was observed with electron microscopy. We then conducted experiments to assess proliferative activity and analyze the karyotype of isolated cells. The results showed the immortalized cell line that we established and screened, maintained the characteristics and biochemical markers of primary IECs. Our results showed that the cell line we established can be considered an alternative cell model for intestinal drug research and for studies on intestinal infection and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yin
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Qingkai Song
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Jiaoling Road 935, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Ejtahed HS, Angoorani P, Soroush AR, Atlasi R, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Mortazavian AM, Larijani B. Probiotics supplementation for the obesity management; A systematic review of animal studies and clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Hill D, Sugrue I, Tobin C, Hill C, Stanton C, Ross RP. The Lactobacillus casei Group: History and Health Related Applications. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2107. [PMID: 30298055 PMCID: PMC6160870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lactobacillus casei group (LCG), composed of the closely related Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus are some of the most widely researched and applied probiotic species of lactobacilli. The three species have been extensively studied, classified and reclassified due to their health promoting properties. Differentiation is often difficult by conventional phenotypic and genotypic methods and therefore new methods are being continually developed to distinguish the three closely related species. The group remain of interest as probiotics, and their use is widespread in industry. Much research has focused in recent years on their application for health promotion in treatment or prevention of a number of diseases and disorders. The LCG have the potential to be used prophylactically or therapeutically in diseases associated with a disturbance to the gut microbiota. The group have been extensively researched with regard to stress responses, which are crucial for their survival and therefore application as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daragh Hill
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc, Moorepark, Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan Sugrue
- Teagasc, Moorepark, Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Tobin
- Teagasc, Moorepark, Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc, Moorepark, Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Hsu CN, Lin YJ, Hou CY, Tain YL. Maternal Administration of Probiotic or Prebiotic Prevents Male Adult Rat Offspring against Developmental Programming of Hypertension Induced by High Fructose Consumption in Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091229. [PMID: 30181501 PMCID: PMC6163452 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of fructose is associated with hypertension. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are thought to be associated with the development of hypertension. We examined whether maternal high-fructose (HF) diet-induced programmed hypertension via altering gut microbiota, regulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, and mediating nutrient-sensing signals in adult male offspring. Next, we aimed to determine whether early gut microbiota-targeted therapies with probiotic Lactobacillus casei and prebiotic inulin can prevent maternal HF-induced programmed hypertension. Pregnant rats received 60% high-fructose (HF) diet, with 2 × 108 CFU/day Lactobacillus casei via oral gavage (HF+Probiotic), or with 5% w/w long chain inulin (HF+prebiotic) during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (n = 7–8/group) were assigned to four groups: control, HF, HF+Probiotic, and HF+Prebiotic. Rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Maternal probiotic Lactobacillus casei and prebiotic inulin therapies protect against hypertension in male adult offspring born to fructose-fed mothers. Probiotic treatment prevents HF-induced hypertension is associated with reduced plasma acetate level and decreased renal mRNA expression of Olfr78. While prebiotic treatment increased plasma propionate level and restored HF-induced reduction of Frar2 expression. Maternal HF diet has long-term programming effects on the adult offspring’s gut microbiota. Probiotic and prebiotic therapies exerted similar protective effects on blood pressure but they showed different mechanisms on modulation of gut microbiota. Maternal HF diet induced developmental programming of hypertension, which probiotic Lactobacillus casei or prebiotic inulin therapy prevented. Maternal gut microbiota-targeted therapies could be reprogramming strategies to prevent the development of hypertension caused by maternal consumption of fructose-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Huang Y, Hao J, Tian D, Wen Y, Zhao P, Chen H, Lv Y, Yang X. Antidiabetic Activity of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract From Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels in KK-Ay Mice via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:760. [PMID: 30061831 PMCID: PMC6055046 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic activity and potential mechanisms of action of a flavonoid-rich extract from Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels (SD-FRE) through in vitro and in vivo studies. Four main flavonoids of SD-FRE namely apigenin, maackiain, leachianone A and leachianone B were purified and identified. In vitro, SD-FRE significantly promoted the translocation and expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in L6 cells, which was significantly inhibited by Compound C (AMPK inhibitor), but not by Wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) or Gö6983 (PKC inhibitor). These results indicated that SD-FRE enhanced GLUT4 expression and translocation to the plasma membrane via the AMPK pathway and finally resulted in an increase of glucose uptake. In vivo, using a spontaneously type 2 diabetic model, KK-Ay mice received intragastric administration of SD-FRE for 4 weeks. As a consequence, SD-FRE significantly alleviated the hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia in these mice. Hepatic steatosis, islet hypertrophy and larger adipocyte size were observed in KK-Ay mice. However, these pathological changes were effectively relieved by SD-FRE treatment. SD-FRE promoted GLUT4 expression and activated AMPK phosphorylation in insulin target tissues (muscle, adipose tissue and liver) of KK-Ay mice, thus facilitating glucose utilization to ameliorate insulin resistance. Regulation of ACC phosphorylation and PPARγ were also involved in the antidiabetic effects of SD-FRE. Taken together, these findings indicated that SD-FRE has the potential to alleviate type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Tian
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhang Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yibin Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Kerry RG, Patra JK, Gouda S, Park Y, Shin HS, Das G. Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:927-939. [PMID: 29976412 PMCID: PMC9303019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are a unique reservoir of heterogeneous and vivacious group of microbes, which together forms the human-microbiome superorganism. Human gut serves as a home to over 100-1000 microbial species, which primarily modulate the host internal environment and thereby, play a major role in host health. This spectacular symbiotic relationship has attracted extensive research in this field. More specifically, these organisms play key roles in defense function, eupepsia along with catabolism and anabolism, and impact brain-gut responses. The emergence of microbiota with resistance and tolerance to existing conventional drugs and antibiotics has decreased the drug efficacies. Furthermore, the modern biotechnology mediated nano-encapsulated multiplex supplements appear to be high cost and inconvenient. Henceforth, a simple, low-cost, receptive and intrinsic approach to achieve health benefits is vital in the present era. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has shown promising results against various enteric pathogens due to their unique ability to compete with pathogenic microbiota for adhesion sites, to alienate pathogens or to stimulate, modulate and regulate the host's immune response by initiating the activation of specific genes in and outside the host intestinal tract. Probiotics have also been shown to regulate fat storage and stimulate intestinal angiogenesis. Hence, this study aims to underline the possible beneficial impact of probiotics for human health and medical sectors and for better lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management & Information Technology, Khurda, 752057, Odisha,
India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management & Information Technology, Khurda, 752057, Odisha,
India
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326,
Republic of Korea
| | - Sushanto Gouda
- Amity Institute of Wildlife Science, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh,
India
| | - Yooheon Park
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326,
Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326,
Republic of Korea
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326,
Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. E-mail address: (G. Das)
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Zheng S, Deng S, Huang Y, Huang M, Zhao P, Ma X, Wen Y, Wang Q, Yang X. Anti-diabetic activity of a polyphenol-rich extract from Phellinus igniarius in KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2018; 9:614-623. [PMID: 29271444 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-diabetic activity and potential mechanisms of the polyphenol rich extract from Phellinus igniarius (PI-PRE) in vitro and in vivo. Four main phenolic compounds of PI-PRE were purified and identified as 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone, 7,3'-dihydroxy-5'-methoxyisoflavone and inoscavin C by the off-line semipreparative liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance protocol. In vitro, PI-PRE stimulated GLUT4 translocation by 2.34-fold and increased glucose uptake by 1.73-fold in L6 cells. However, the selective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, compound C, completely reversed the PI-PRE-induced GLUT4 translocation. In vivo, KK-Ay mice treated with PI-PRE for four weeks had lower fasting blood glucose levels, as well as other blood-lipid indexes, compared with the vehicle control group. Mechanistic studies showed that the expressions of p-AMPKα and GLUT4 were significantly increased by treatment with PI-PRE in L6 cells. In KK-Ay mice, the expression of p-AMPKα was enhanced in the liver and skeletal muscle, and the expression of GLUT4 was increased in skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that PI-PRE possesses potential anti-diabetic effects including improving glucose tolerance, reducing hyperglycemia, and normalizing insulin levels. These effects are partly due to the activation of GLUT4 translocation via the modulation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Probiotics: The Ultimate Nutritional Supplement. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Konopelniuk VV, Goloborodko II, Ishchuk TV, Synelnyk TB, Ostapchenko LI, Spivak MY, Bubnov RV. Efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite on renal dysfunction and endogenous intoxication in high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model-comparative study. EPMA J 2017; 8:377-390. [PMID: 29209440 PMCID: PMC5700020 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide obesity spread is a global health problem and needs to be further studied. Co-morbidities of obesity include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, and dyslipidemia, which are the most frequent contributing factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. The aim was to study renal function and endogenous intoxication panel on high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model and perform comparative study of the treatment efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite vs antiobesogenic drugs (Orlistat). MATERIALS We included 60 male rats and equally divided them to 6 groups of 10 animals in each group: the experimental groups were firstly assigned as controls and high caloric diet (HCD)-fed groups, and each group further was subdivided to remain untreated, Fenugreek bionanocomposite (BNC)-treated, and Orlistat-treated. Normal control rats (groups 1, 2, 3) were fed by a standard chow, while the others (groups 4, 5, 6) were fed with HCD ad libitum during 98 days. From days 77 to 98, groups 2 and 5 were treated with BNC based on Fenugreek (150 mg/kg body weight, orally) and groups 3 and 6 were treated with antiobesogenic drug Orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight, orally). Food and water consumptions were measured daily and body weights were measured once a week. On day 99, blood was collected; the creatinine, urea, and uric acid were estimated in serum according to the standard protocols. Levels of low and middle molecules (MMs) were measured; the quantity of oligopeptides was estimated by Bradford method. We performed the liver and kidney ultrasonography in rats. RESULTS We revealed an increase in the levels of endogenous intoxication syndrome markers (MM and oligopeptides) in all animals with experimental obesity. Ultrasound data showed injury of the liver and kidneys in obese rats. We observed significant decreasing of MM levels after Orlistat treatment vs controls (p < 0.05). However, this effect was more pronounced in Fenugreek BNC-treated group vs both Orlistat-treated and controls (p < 0.05). Orlistat treatment evoked rising of serum creatinine and oligopeptides in control animals and failed to normalize these markers in experimental group. Fenugreek-based BNC treatment did not evoke signs of kidney failure and changes in the studied indices in control group. We noticed normalization levels of uric acid and urea in the blood under the use of BNC and Orlistat. CONCLUSION High-calorie diet-induced obesity evokes endogenous intoxication syndrome and kidney dysfunction in rats. Application of Orlistat- and Fenugreek-based BNC decreases MM content to the normal level. Orlistat induces increasing levels of oligopeptides in both groups, likely due to adverse side effects on renal function and its pro-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Konopelniuk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Ievgenii I. Goloborodko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Tetyana V. Ishchuk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Tetyana B. Synelnyk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Ludmila I. Ostapchenko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64/13, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya. Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav V. Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotny Str., 154, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
- Clinical Hospital “Pheophania” of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03143 Ukraine
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Antiobesity effect of Lactobacillus reuteri 263 associated with energy metabolism remodeling of white adipose tissue in high-energy-diet-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 54:87-94. [PMID: 29329013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious and costly issue to the medical welfare worldwide. Probiotics have been suggested as one of the candidates to resolve the obesity-associated problems, but how they combat obesity is not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri 263 (L. reuteri 263) on antiobesity using four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10/group), namely, C (normal diet with vehicle treatment), HE [high-energy diet (HED) with vehicle treatment], 1X (HED with 2.1×109 CFU/kg/day of L. reuteri 263) and 5X (HED with 1.05×1010 CFU/kg/day of L. reuteri 263), for 8 weeks. L. reuteri 263 improved the phenomenon of obesity, serum levels of proinflammatory factors and antioxidant enzymes. More importantly, L. reuteri 263 increased oxygen consumption in white adipose tissue (WAT). The mRNA expressions of thermogenesis genes uncoupling protein-1, uncoupling protein-3, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector-a were up-regulated in WAT of the 5X group. Moreover, L. reuteri 263 might induce browning of WAT due to the higher mRNA levels of browning-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, PR domain containing-16, Pparγ coactivator-1α, bone morphogenetic protein-7 and fibroblast growth factor-21 in the 1X and 5X groups compared to the HE group. Finally, L. reuteri 263 altered the expressions of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in WAT, including increasing the levels of glucose transporter type 4 and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein and decreasing the expression of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1. The results suggest that L. reuteri 263 may treat obesity through energy metabolism remodeling of WAT in the high-energy-diet-induced obese rats.
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Hampe CS, Roth CL. Probiotic strains and mechanistic insights for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 2017; 58:207-227. [PMID: 29052181 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intestinal microbial composition appears to differ between healthy controls and individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This observation has led to the hypothesis that perturbations of the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the development of T2D. Manipulations of the intestinal microbiota may therefore provide a novel approach in the prevention and treatment of T2D. Indeed, fecal transplants have shown promising results in both animal models for obesity and T2D and in human clinical trials. To avoid possible complications associated with fecal transplants, probiotics are considered as a viable alternative therapy. An important, however often underappreciated, characteristic of probiotics is that individual strains may have different, even opposing, effects on the host. This strain specificity exists also within the same species. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms at the strain level is therefore crucial for the selection of suitable probiotic strains. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms employed by specific probiotic strains of the Lactobacillus and the Bifidobacterium genuses, which showed efficacy in the treatment of obesity and T2D. Some probiotic strains employ recurring beneficial effects, including the production of anti-microbial lactic acid, while other strains display highly unique features, such as hydrolysis of tannins. CONCLUSION A major obstacle in the evaluation of probiotic strains lays in the great number of strains, differences in detection methodology and measured outcome parameters. The understanding of further research should be directed towards the development of standardized evaluation methods to facilitate the comparison of different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Hampe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Christian L Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Hospital & Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Seattle Children's Hospital & Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
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