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Song Y, Lu S, Gao F, Wei T, Ma W. The application of organoid models in research into metabolic diseases. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:809-819. [PMID: 38100156 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become a major threat to human health worldwide as a result of changing lifestyles. The exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the development of improved therapeutic methods have been hindered by the lack of appropriate human experimental models. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro models of self-renewing cells that spontaneously self-organize into structures similar to the corresponding in vivo tissues, recapitulating the original tissue function. Off-body organoid technology has been successfully applied to disease modelling, developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and tumour precision medicine. This new generation of biological models has received widespread attention. This article focuses on the construction process and research progress with regard to organoids related to metabolic diseases in recent years, and looks forward to their prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sumei Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianshu Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanshan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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2
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Roham PH, Kamath JJ, Sharma S. Dissecting the Interrelationship between COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300107. [PMID: 37246237 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. After gaining entry into the human host, the virus initially infects the upper and lower respiratory tract, subsequently invading multiple organs, including the pancreas. While on one hand, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and associated death, recent reports have shown the onset of DM in COVID-19-recovered patients. SARS-CoV-2 infiltrates the pancreatic islets and activates stress response and inflammatory signaling pathways, impairs glucose metabolism, and consequently leads to their death. Indeed, the pancreatic autopsy samples of COVID-19 patients reveal the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in β-cells. The current review describes how the virus enters the host cells and activates an immunological response. Further, it takes a closer look into the interrelationship between COVID-19 and DM with the aim to provide mechanistic insights into the process by which SARS-CoV-2 infects the pancreas and mediates dysfunction and death of endocrine islets. The effects of known anti-diabetic interventions for COVID-19 management are also discussed. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a future therapy for pancreatic β-cells damage to reverse COVID-19-induced DM is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha H Roham
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Jayesh J Kamath
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
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Karimova MV, Gvazava IG, Vorotelyak EA. Overcoming the Limitations of Stem Cell-Derived Beta Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060810. [PMID: 35740935 PMCID: PMC9221417 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Great advances in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment have been made to this day. However, modern diabetes therapy based on insulin injections and cadaveric islets transplantation has many disadvantages. That is why researchers are developing new methods to regenerate the pancreatic hormone-producing cells in vitro. The most promising approach is the generation of stem cell-derived beta cells that could provide an unlimited source of insulin-secreting cells. Recent studies provide methods to produce beta-like cell clusters that display glucose-stimulated insulin secretion—one of the key characteristics of the beta cell. However, in comparison with native beta cells, stem cell-derived beta cells do not undergo full functional maturation. In this paper we review the development and current state of various protocols, consider advantages, and propose ways to improve them. We examine molecular pathways, epigenetic modifications, intracellular components, and the microenvironment as a possible leverage to promote beta cell functional maturation. A possibility to create islet organoids from stem cell-derived components, as well as their encapsulation and further transplantation, is also examined. We try to combine modern research on beta cells and their crosstalk to create a holistic overview of developing insulin-secreting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V. Karimova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.K.); (I.G.G.)
| | - Inessa G. Gvazava
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.K.); (I.G.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.K.); (I.G.G.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Zhong W, Lai Y, Xia ZS, Lin Y, Ni CY, Yu Z, Li JY, Yu T, Chen QK. Pancreatic-Like Cells Derived From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Are Regulated by Pdx1 Involving the Notch Pathway. Pancreas 2022; 51:330-337. [PMID: 35695761 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived pancreatic precursor cells have great potential for pancreas repair. Expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) in definitive endoderm (DE) cells is the premise that DE cells differentiate into pancreatic cells. To achieve the required number of Pdx1-expressing DE cells for cell transplantation therapy, a valid model must be established. Using this model, researchers investigated how Pdx1 regulates ESC differentiation into pancreatic cells. METHODS Tet-On inducible lentiviral vector encoding Pdx1 or mock vector was transduced into mouse ESC (ES-E14TG2a). The mouse ESCs were divided into 3 groups: control (ESC), mock vector (Pdx1 - -ESC), and vector encoding Pdx1 (Pdx1 + -ESC). All groups were separately cocultured with the DE cells sorted by immune beads containing CXCR-4 + (C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4) antibody. Doxycycline induced the expression of Pdx1 on the Pdx1 + -ESC cells. The markers of cell differentiation and Notch pathway were examined. RESULTS Significantly increased expression levels of Ptf1a, CK19, and amylase on day (d) 3 and d7, Neuro-D1 on d10 and d14, Pax6 and insulin on d14, as well as Notch1, Notch2, Hes1, and Hes5 on d3 and thereafter declined on d14 were observed in Pdx1 + -ESC group. CONCLUSIONS Pdx1 + -ESC could differentiate into pancreatic-like cells with involvement of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Zhong
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Yu Lai
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Zhong-Sheng Xia
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ying Lin
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | | | - Zhong Yu
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Jie-Yao Li
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Tao Yu
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
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Transcriptional control of pancreatic β-cell identity and plasticity during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:316-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ardila Riveros JC, Blöchinger AK, Atwell S, Moussus M, Compera N, Rajabnia O, Georgiev T, Lickert H, Meier M. Automated optimization of endoderm differentiation on chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4685-4695. [PMID: 34751293 PMCID: PMC8613673 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can serve as an unlimited source to rebuild organotypic tissues in vitro. Successful engineering of functional cell types and complex organ structures outside the human body requires knowledge of the chemical, temporal, and spatial microenvironment of their in vivo counterparts. Despite an increased understanding of mouse and human embryonic development, screening approaches are still required for the optimization of stem cell differentiation protocols to gain more functional mature cell types. The liver, lung, pancreas, and digestive tract originate from the endoderm germ layer. Optimization and specification of the earliest differentiation step, which is the definitive endoderm (DE), is of central importance for generating cell types of these organs because off-target cell types will propagate during month-long cultivation steps and reduce yields. Here, we developed a microfluidic large-scale integration (mLSI) chip platform for combined automated three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing and high-throughput imaging to investigate anterior/posterior patterns occurring during hiPSC differentiation into DE cells. Integration of 3D cell cultures with a diameter of 150 μm was achieved using a U-shaped pneumatic membrane valve, which was geometrically optimized and fluidically characterized. Upon parallelization of 32 fluidically individually addressable cell culture unit cells with a total of 128 3D cell cultures, complex and long-term DE differentiation protocols could be automated. Real-time bright-field imaging was used to analyze cell growth during DE differentiation, and immunofluorescence imaging on optically cleared 3D cell cultures was used to determine the DE differentiation yield. By systematically alternating transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and WNT signaling agonist concentrations and temporal stimulation, we showed that even under similar DE differentiation yields, there were patterning differences in the 3D cell cultures, indicating possible differentiation differences between established DE protocols. The automated mLSI chip platform with the general analytical workflow for 3D stem cell cultures offers the optimization of in vitro generation of various cell types for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Scott Atwell
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michel Moussus
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nina Compera
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Omid Rajabnia
- Laboratory for MEMS Application, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tihomir Georgiev
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Pan FC, Evans T, Chen S. Modeling endodermal organ development and diseases using human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:580-592. [PMID: 32652003 PMCID: PMC7683020 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in development of protocols for directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to defined lineages, in combination with 3D organoid technology, have facilitated the generation of various endoderm-derived organoids for in vitro modeling of human gastrointestinal development and associated diseases. In this review, we discuss current state-of-the-art strategies for generating hPSC-derived endodermal organoids including stomach, liver, pancreatic, small intestine, and colonic organoids. We also review the advantages of using this system to model various human diseases and evaluate the shortcomings of this technology. Finally, we emphasize how other technologies, such as genome editing and bioengineering, can be incorporated into the 3D hPSC-organoid models to generate even more robust and powerful platforms for understanding human organ development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Cheng Pan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112465. [PMID: 33198288 PMCID: PMC7696367 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent years, generation of transplantable cells derived from stem cells in vitro has emerged as an important research area. Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced, are alternative and feasible sources of insulin-secreting and glucose-responsive cells. This notwithstanding, consistent generation of robust glucose/insulin-responsive cells remains challenging. In this review, we describe basic concepts of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation of these into pancreatic β-like cells, myotubes, as well as adipocyte- and hepatocyte-like cells. Use of these for modeling of human disease is now feasible, while development of replacement therapies requires continued efforts.
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Bi H, Karanth SS, Ye K, Stein R, Jin S. Decellularized Tissue Matrix Enhances Self-Assembly of Islet Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4155-4165. [PMID: 33463310 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating human islet organoids from stem cells remains a significant challenge because of our limited knowledge on cues essential for developing the endocrine organoids in vitro. In this study, we discovered that a natural material prepared from a decellularized rat pancreatic extracellular matrix (dpECM) induces the self-assembly of human islet organoids during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) pancreatic differentiation. For the first time, we demonstrated that the iPSC-derived islet organoids formed in the presence of the dpECM are capable of glucose-responsive secretion of both insulin and glucagon, two major hormones that maintain blood glucose homeostasis. The characterization of the organoids revealed that the organoids consisted of all major endocrine cell types, including α, β, δ, and pancreatic polypeptide cells, that were assembled into a tissue architecture similar to that of human islets. The exposure of iPSCs to the dpECM during differentiation resulted in considerably elevated expression of key pancreatic transcription factors such as PDX-1, MAFA, and NKX6.1 and the production of all major hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide from stem cell-derived organoids. This study highlights the importance of natural, bioactive biomaterials for building microenvironments crucial to regenerating islet organoids from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjing Bi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Soujanya S Karanth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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10
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Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most challenging health concerns facing society. Available drugs treat the symptoms but there is no cure. This presents an urgent need to better understand human diabetes in order to develop improved treatments or target remission. New disease models need to be developed that more accurately describe the pathology of diabetes. Organoid technology provides an opportunity to fill this knowledge gap. Organoids are 3D structures, established from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem/progenitor cells, that recapitulate key aspects of the in vivo tissues they mimic. In this review we briefly introduce organoids and their benefits; we focus on organoids generated from tissues important for glucose homeostasis and tissues associated with diabetic complications. We hope this review serves as a touchstone to demonstrate how organoid technology extends the research toolbox and can deliver a step change of discovery in the field of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Department of Diabetes, Diabetes Research Group, Hodgkin Building, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Patricia Fonseca Pedro
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Department of Diabetes, Diabetes Research Group, Hodgkin Building, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, Department of Diabetes, Diabetes Research Group, Hodgkin Building, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Diabetes: A Focus on Pregnancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1307:553-576. [PMID: 32504388 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes, both for the mother and her offspring. Although clinical and epidemiological studies are invaluable to assess these outcomes and the effectiveness of potential treatments, there are certain ethical and practical limitations to what can be assessed in human studies.Thus, both in vivo and in vitro models can aid us in the understanding of the mechanisms behind these complications and, in the long run, towards their prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the existing animal and cell models used to mimic diabetes, with a specific focus on the intrauterine environment. Summary of this review.
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Bakhti M, Scheibner K, Tritschler S, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tarquis-Medina M, Theis FJ, Lickert H. Establishment of a high-resolution 3D modeling system for studying pancreatic epithelial cell biology in vitro. Mol Metab 2019; 30:16-29. [PMID: 31767167 PMCID: PMC6812400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Translation of basic research from bench-to-bedside relies on a better understanding of similarities and differences between mouse and human cell biology, tissue formation, and organogenesis. Thus, establishing ex vivo modeling systems of mouse and human pancreas development will help not only to understand evolutionary conserved mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis but also to understand pathomechanisms of disease and design strategies for tissue engineering. METHODS Here, we established a simple and reproducible Matrigel-based three-dimensional (3D) cyst culture model system of mouse and human pancreatic progenitors (PPs) to study pancreatic epithelialization and endocrinogenesis ex vivo. In addition, we reanalyzed previously reported single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of mouse and human pancreatic lineages to obtain a comprehensive picture of differential expression of key transcription factors (TFs), cell-cell adhesion molecules and cell polarity components in PPs during endocrinogenesis. RESULTS We generated mouse and human polarized pancreatic epithelial cysts derived from PPs. This system allowed to monitor establishment of pancreatic epithelial polarity and lumen formation in cellular and sub-cellular resolution in a dynamic time-resolved fashion. Furthermore, both mouse and human pancreatic cysts were able to differentiate towards the endocrine fate. This differentiation system together with scRNA-seq analysis revealed how apical-basal polarity and tight and adherens junctions change during endocrine differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We have established a simple 3D pancreatic cyst culture system that allows to tempo-spatial resolve cellular and subcellular processes on the mechanistical level, which is otherwise not possible in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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Dayem AA, Lee SB, Kim K, Lim KM, Jeon TI, Cho SG. Recent advances in organoid culture for insulin production and diabetes therapy: methods and challenges. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30940326 PMCID: PMC6549913 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.5.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in stem cell technology have contributed to disease modeling and drug screening via organoid technology. Organoid are defined as three-dimensional cellular aggregations derived from adult tissues or stem cells. They recapitulate the intricate pattern and functionality of the original tissue. Insulin is secreted mainly by the pancreatic β cells. Large-scale production of insulin-secreting β cells is crucial for diabetes therapy. Here, we provide a brief overview of organoids and focus on recent advances in protocols for the generation of pancreatic islet organoids from pancreatic tissue or pluripotent stem cells for insulin secretion. The feasibility and limitations of organoid cultures derived from stem cells for insulin production will be described. As the pancreas and gut share the same embryological origin and produce insulin, we will also discuss the possible application of gut organoids for diabetes therapy. Better understanding of the challenges associated with the current protocols for organoid culture facilitates development of scalable organoid cultures for applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Tak-Il Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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14
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Kim JH, Park BG, Kim SK, Lee DH, Lee GG, Kim DH, Choi BO, Lee KB, Kim JH. Nanotopographical regulation of pancreatic islet-like cluster formation from human pluripotent stem cells using a gradient-pattern chip. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:337-347. [PMID: 30529081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering approaches to regulate stem cell fates aim to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. In recent years, manipulating the micro- and nano-scale topography of the stem cell niche has gained considerable interest for the purposes of controlling extrinsic mechanical cues to regulate stem cell fate and behavior in vitro. Here, we established an optimal nanotopographical system to improve 3-dimensional (3D) differentiation of pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by testing gradient-pattern chips of nano-scale polystyrene surface structures with varying sizes and shapes. The optimal conditions for 3D differentiation of pancreatic cells were identified by assessing the expression of developmental regulators that are required for pancreatic islet development and maturation. Our results showed that the gradient chip of pore-part 2 (Po-2, 200-300 nm diameter) pattern was the most efficient setting to generate clusters of pancreatic endocrine progenitors (PDX1+ and NGN3+) compared to those of other pore diameters (Po-1, 100-200 or Po-3, 300-400 nm) tested across a range of pillar patterns and flat surfaces. Furthermore, the Po-2 gradient pattern-derived clusters generated islet-like 3D spheroids and tested positive for the zinc-chelating dye dithizone. The spheroids consisted of more than 30% CD200 + endocrine cells and also expressed NKX6.1 and NKX2.2. In addition, pancreatic β- cells expressing insulin and polyhormonal cells expressing both insulin and glucagon were obtained at the final stage of pancreatic differentiation. In conclusion, our data suggest that an optimal topographical structure for differentiation to specific cell types from hPSCs can be tested efficiently by using gradient-pattern chips designed with varying sizes and surfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study provides demonstrates of using gradient nanopatterned chips for differentiation of pancreatic islet-like clusters. Gradient nanopatterned chips are consisted of two different shapes (nanopillar and nanopore) in three different ranges of nano sizes (100-200, 200-300, 300-400 nm). We found that optimal nanostructures for differentiation of pancreatic islet-like clusters were 200-300 nm nano pores. Cell transplantation is one of the major therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) using stem cell-derived β-like cells. We generated 50 um pancreatic islet-like clusters in size, which would be an optimal size for cell transplantation. Futuremore, the small clusters provide a powerful source for cell therapy. Our findings suggest gradient nanopatterned chip provides a powerful tool to generate specific functional cell types of a high purity for potential uses in cell therapy development.
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Dayem AA, Lee SB, Kim K, Lim KM, Jeon TI, Cho SG. Recent advances in organoid culture for insulin production and diabetes therapy: methods and challenges. BMB Rep 2019; 52:295-303. [PMID: 30940326 PMCID: PMC6549913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in stem cell technology have contributed to disease modeling and drug screening via organoid technology. Organoid are defined as three-dimensional cellular aggregations derived from adult tissues or stem cells. They recapitulate the intricate pattern and functionality of the original tissue. Insulin is secreted mainly by the pancreatic β cells. Large-scale production of insulin-secreting β cells is crucial for diabetes therapy. Here, we provide a brief overview of organoids and focus on recent advances in protocols for the generation of pancreatic islet organoids from pancreatic tissue or pluripotent stem cells for insulin secretion. The feasibility and limitations of organoid cultures derived from stem cells for insulin production will be described. As the pancreas and gut share the same embryological origin and produce insulin, we will also discuss the possible application of gut organoids for diabetes therapy. Better understanding of the challenges associated with the current protocols for organoid culture facilitates development of scalable organoid cultures for applications in biomedicine. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(5): 295-303].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Tak-il Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
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16
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Shahjalal HM, Abdal Dayem A, Lim KM, Jeon TI, Cho SG. Generation of pancreatic β cells for treatment of diabetes: advances and challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:355. [PMID: 30594258 PMCID: PMC6310974 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are considered attractive sources of pancreatic β cells and islet organoids. Recently, several reports presented that hESC/iPSC-derived cells enriched with specific transcription factors can form glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells in vitro and transplantation of these cells ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. However, the glucose-stimulated insulin-secreting capacity of these cells is lower than that of endogenous islets, suggesting the need to improve induction procedures. One of the critical problems facing in vivo maturation of hESC/iPSC-derived cells is their low survival rate after transplantation, although this rate increases when the implanted pancreatic cells are encapsulated to avoid the immune response. Several groups have also reported on the generation of hESC/iPSC-derived islet-like organoids, but development of techniques for complete islet structures with the eventual generation of vascularized constructs remains a major challenge to their application in regenerative therapies. Many issues also need to be addressed before the successful clinical application of hESC/iPSC-derived cells or islet organoids. In this review, we summarize advances in the generation of hESC/iPSC-derived pancreatic β cells or islet organoids and discuss the limitations and challenges for their successful therapeutic application in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Md. Shahjalal
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and IDASI (Incurable Disease Animal model & Stem cell Institute), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and IDASI (Incurable Disease Animal model & Stem cell Institute), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and IDASI (Incurable Disease Animal model & Stem cell Institute), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
| | - Tak-il Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and IDASI (Incurable Disease Animal model & Stem cell Institute), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and IDASI (Incurable Disease Animal model & Stem cell Institute), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
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17
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Pursani V, Kapoor S, Metkari SM, Nair P, Bhartiya D. Evaluating KIND1 human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. Indian J Med Res 2017; 146:244-254. [PMID: 29265026 PMCID: PMC5761035 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_210_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Diabetes is a global disease burden. Various stem cell types are being explored to serve as an alternative source of islets. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of in-house developed human embryonic stem (hES) cells-derived pancreatic progenitors to ameliorate diabetic symptoms in mice. Methods: Pancreatic progenitors were packed in macro-capsules and transplanted into six male Swiss mice and four mice were taken as controls. Thirty days post-transplantation, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin treatment. Mice were then followed up for >100 days and body weight and blood glucose levels were regularly monitored. Results: Control mice lost weight, maintained high glucose levels and did not survive beyond 40 days, whereas transplanted group maintained body weight and four of the six mice had lowered blood glucose levels. About five-fold increase was observed in human C-peptide levels in the recipients of progenitor transplants as compared to diabetic control. Interpretation & conclusions: The beneficial effect of transplanted cells was not long-lasting. Further studies are required to critically evaluate and compare the potential of endogenous pluripotent stem cells and hES cells-derived progenitors before moving from bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Pursani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Sona Kapoor
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - S M Metkari
- Department of Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Prabha Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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18
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Generating Mini-Organs in Culture. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim JH, Kim HW, Cha KJ, Han J, Jang YJ, Kim DS, Kim JH. Nanotopography Promotes Pancreatic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3342-55. [PMID: 26900863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies suggest that nanotopographical features influence properties and behaviors of stem cells, only a few studies have attempted to derive clinically useful somatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells using nanopatterned surfaces. In the present study, we report that polystyrene nanopore-patterned surfaces significantly promote the pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. We compared different diameters of nanopores and showed that 200 nm nanopore-patterned surfaces highly upregulated the expression of PDX1, a critical transcription factor for pancreatic development, leading to an approximately 3-fold increase in the percentage of differentiating PDX1(+) pancreatic progenitors compared with control flat surfaces. Furthermore, in the presence of biochemical factors, 200 nm nanopore-patterned surfaces profoundly enhanced the derivation of pancreatic endocrine cells producing insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin. We also demonstrate that nanopore-patterned surface-induced upregulation of PDX1 is associated with downregulation of TAZ, suggesting the potential role of TAZ in nanopore-patterned surface-mediated mechanotransduction. Our study suggests that appropriate cytokine treatments combined with nanotopographical stimulation could be a powerful tool for deriving a high purity of desired cells from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Kyoung Je Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jiyou Han
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Science Campus, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Russ HA, Parent AV, Ringler JJ, Hennings TG, Nair GG, Shveygert M, Guo T, Puri S, Haataja L, Cirulli V, Blelloch R, Szot GL, Arvan P, Hebrok M. Controlled induction of human pancreatic progenitors produces functional beta-like cells in vitro. EMBO J 2015; 34:1759-72. [PMID: 25908839 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional insulin-producing beta-like cells holds great promise for cell replacement therapy for patients suffering from diabetes. This approach also offers the unique opportunity to study otherwise inaccessible aspects of human beta cell development and function in vitro. Here, we show that current pancreatic progenitor differentiation protocols promote precocious endocrine commitment, ultimately resulting in the generation of non-functional polyhormonal cells. Omission of commonly used BMP inhibitors during pancreatic specification prevents precocious endocrine formation while treatment with retinoic acid followed by combined EGF/KGF efficiently generates both PDX1(+) and subsequent PDX1(+)/NKX6.1(+) pancreatic progenitor populations, respectively. Precise temporal activation of endocrine differentiation in PDX1(+)/NKX6.1(+) progenitors produces glucose-responsive beta-like cells in vitro that exhibit key features of bona fide human beta cells, remain functional after short-term transplantation, and reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Thus, our simplified and scalable system accurately recapitulates key steps of human pancreas development and provides a fast and reproducible supply of functional human beta-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Ringler
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Hennings
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mayya Shveygert
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tingxia Guo
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Brehm Tower Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Blelloch
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Greg L Szot
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Brehm Tower Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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