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Mo Q, Song C, Hua Y, Wang W, Liu A. CYP2E1 mediated deoxynivalenol-induced hepatocyte toxicity by regulating ferroptosis. Toxicology 2024; 508:153923. [PMID: 39147090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common mycotoxins in food and feed, can cause acute and chronic liver injury, posing a serious health risk to humans and animals. One of the important manifestations of DON-induced hepatotoxicity is ferroptosis. It has been reported that CYP2E1 can mediated ferroptosis, but the role of DON-induced CYP2E1 in DON-induced ferroptosis in hepatocytes is unknown. In the present study, we observed that DON significantly increased the expression of CYP2E1 and decreased the expression of the ferroptosis inhibitory proteins GPX4 and SLC7A11, as well as GCLC and NQO1. This resulted in an increase in the levels of cell lipid ROS and FeII, 4-HNE, which ultimately led to cell ferroptosis. Notably, knockdown of CYP2E1 resulted in an increase in DON-induced low levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11, a decrease in DON-induced high levels of lipid ROS, FeII and cell secreted 4-HNE, thus ameliorating cell ferroptosis. Moreover, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 was observed to antagonise the cell growth inhibitory toxicity induced by DON exposure. This was achieved by blocking the increase in lipid ROS and FeII overload, which in turn reduced the extent of ferroptosis and increased IGF-1 protein expression. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CYP2E1 played a regulatory role in DON-induced ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Targeting ferroptosis may prove an effective strategy for alleviating DON-induced cell growth retardation toxicity. These findings provided a potential target and strategies to mitigate DON hepatotoxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Mo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chenchen Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
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Gandhi N, Wills L, Akers K, Su Y, Niccum P, Murali TM, Rajagopalan P. Comparative transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of induced pluripotent stem cell hepatocyte-like cells and primary human hepatocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:119-139. [PMID: 38369646 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are used extensively for in vitro liver cultures to study hepatic functions. However, limited availability and invasive retrieval prevent their widespread use. Induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit significant potential since they can be obtained non-invasively and differentiated into hepatic lineages, such as hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs). However, there are concerns about their fetal phenotypic characteristics and their hepatic functions compared to PHHs in culture. Therefore, we performed an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to understand pathways that are either up- or downregulated in each cell type. Analysis of the RNA-seq data showed an upregulation in the bile secretion pathway where genes such as AQP9 and UGT1A1 were higher expressed in PHHs compared to iHLCs by 455- and 15-fold, respectively. Upon immunostaining, bile canaliculi were shown to be present in PHHs. The TCA cycle in PHHs was upregulated compared to iHLCs. Cellular analysis showed a 2-2.5-fold increase in normalized urea production in PHHs compared to iHLCs. In addition, drug metabolism pathways, including cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, were upregulated in PHHs compared to iHLCs. Of note, CYP2E1 gene expression was significantly higher (21,810-fold) in PHHs. Acetaminophen and ethanol were administered to PHH and iHLC cultures to investigate differences in biotransformation. CYP450 activity of baseline and toxicant-treated samples was significantly higher in PHHs compared to iHLCs. Our analysis revealed that iHLCs have substantial differences from PHHs in critical hepatic functions. These results have highlighted the differences in gene expression and hepatic functions between PHHs and iHLCs to motivate future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Gandhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 333 Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Lauren Wills
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Kyle Akers
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Ph.D. Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yiqi Su
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Parker Niccum
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology Ph.D. Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - T M Murali
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 333 Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.
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3
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Song J, Lee J, Lee H, Jeong HS, Lee J, Kim Y. Protective Effects of Cereal Grain Extracts on Alcohol-Induced Hepatocyte Damage. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:40-46. [PMID: 38576882 PMCID: PMC10987386 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of cereal grains on alcohol-induced hepatocyte damage. Cereal grains were extracted with methanol, and their radical scavenging properties and total phenolic contents were examined. Black rice extract exhibited the highest total polyphenol content and radical scavenging capacity. Treatment with sorghum extract increased the viability of cells exposed to alcohol by up to 81.6%. All cereal grain extracts decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production and glutathione depletion in HepG2 cells exposed to ethanol. In particular, black rice and sorghum extracts exhibited greater antioxidant effects than other cereal grains. Treatment with black rice extract increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of alcohol-exposed cells to control levels. Overall, black rice extract showed a greater protective effect compared with other cereal grains against alcohol exposure in HepG2 cells and could improve alcohol-induced liver problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
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Ishteyaque S, Yadav KS, Verma S, Washimkar KR, Mugale MN. CYP2E1 triggered GRP78/ATF6/CHOP signaling axis inhibit apoptosis and promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109701. [PMID: 37499993 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an enzyme, primarily involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and procarcinogens. The present study was designed to investigate the potential role of CYP2E1 triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress in the progression of HCC through inhibition of apoptosis. In vitro CYP2E1 promotes HepG2 cell migration, reduced chromatin condensation, enhanced intracellular ROS accumulation and induce cell cycle progression. Conversely this effect was averted by CYP2E1 siRNA, selective inhibitor Diallyl sulphide (DAS) and antioxidants (vitamin C and E). In vivo Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC rats showed decreased body weight and increased relative liver weight. Moreover, macro trabecular-massive HCC (MTM-HCC) histological subtyping showed pathological features like well-differentiated tumors, micro-trabecular and pseudo glandular patterns, megakaryocytes and cholestasis. Masson's trichrome staining revealed an intensive accumulation of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Increased CYP2E1, VEGF and PCNA enhance the carcinogenicity as revealed in immunohistochemistry results. Immunoblot analysis showed reduced expression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in cytosolic as well as mitochondrial fraction of rat liver tissue respectively. Also, increased level of CYP2E1 stimulated the upregulation of unfolded proteins response (UPR) and ER stress-related proteins such as Glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP). Meanwhile, CYP2E1 stimulated ER-stress reduces BCL2 and downregulates the cleaved caspase 3 thus suppresses apoptosis. in. Furthermore, immunofluorescence revealed increased expression level of α-SMA in the HCC rat liver tissue. The level of CYP2E1 mRNA was significantly increased. Altogether, these findings indicate that CYP2E1 has a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of HCC and might be a budding agent in liver carcinogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmeen Ishteyaque
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karan Singh Yadav
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smriti Verma
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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5
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Patel D, Rathaur P, Parwani K, Patel F, Sharma D, Johar K, Mandal P. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico analysis of synbiotics as preventive interventions for lipid metabolism in ethanol-induced adipose tissue injury. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 37055787 PMCID: PMC10103406 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is increased by excessive ethanol drinking. For the prevention of ALD, the effects of ethanol on the liver, adipose tissue, and gut are crucial. Interestingly, garlic and a few probiotic strains can protect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the relationship between adipose tissue inflammation, Kyolic aged garlic extract (AGE), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC1423 in developing ALD is unknown. Therefore, the present study explored the effect of synbiotics (a combination of prebiotics and probiotics) on adipose tissue to prevent ALD. To investigate the efficacy of synbiotics administration on adipose tissue in preventing ALD, in vitro (3T3-L1 cells, N = 3) groups: control, control + LPS (lipopolysaccharide), ethanol, ethanol + LPS, ethanol + synbiotics, ethanol + synbiotics + LPS; in vivo (Wistar male rats, N = 6) groups: control, ethanol, pairfed, ethanol + synbiotics and in silico experiments were conducted. Lactobacillus multiplies in accordance with the growth curve when exposed to AGE. Additionally, Oil red O staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that synbiotics therapy maintained the morphology of adipocytes in the alcoholic model. In support of the morphological changes, quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated overexpression of adiponectin and downregulation of leptin, resistin, PPARγ, CYP2E1, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α after administration of synbiotics compared to the ethanol group. In addition, MDA estimation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that the synbiotics treatment reduced oxidative stress in rat adipose tissue. Consequently, the in-silico analysis revealed that AGE inhibited the C-D-T networks as PPARγ acting as the main target protein. The current study demonstrates that using synbiotics improves adipose tissue metabolism in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Patel
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Rathaur
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kirti Parwani
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Farhin Patel
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Dixa Sharma
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Gujarat, India.
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Diallyl Sulfide Attenuation of Carcinogenesis in Mammary Epithelial Cells through the Inhibition of ROS Formation, and DNA Strand Breaks. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091313. [PMID: 34572526 PMCID: PMC8470778 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic has long been used medicinally for many diseases, including cancer. One of the active garlic components is diallyl sulfide (DAS), which prevents carcinogenesis and reduces the incidence rate of several cancers. In this study, non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were used as a model to investigate the effect of DAS on Benzo (a)pyrene (BaP)-induced cellular carcinogenesis. The cells were evaluated based on changes in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, the formation of peroxides, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, the generation of DNA strand breaks, and DNA Polymerase β (Pol β) expression. The results obtained indicate that when co-treated with BaP, DAS inhibited BaP-induced cell proliferation (p < 0.05) to levels similar to the negative control. BaP treatment results in a two-fold increase in the accumulation of cells in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle, which is restored to baseline levels, similar to untreated cells and vehicle-treated cells, when pretreated with 6 μM and 60 μM DAS, respectively. Co-treatment with DAS (60 μM and 600 μM) inhibited BaP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by 132% and 133%, respectively, as determined by the accumulation of H2O2 in the extracellular medium and an increase in 8-OHdG levels of treated cells. All DAS concentrations inhibited BaP-induced DNA strand breaks through co-treatment and pre-treatment methods at all time points evaluated. Co-Treatment with 60 μM DAS increased DNA Pol β expression in response to BaP-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. These results indicate that DAS effectively inhibited BaP-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle transitions, ROS, and DNA damage in an MCF-10A cell line. These results provide more experimental evidence for garlic's antitumor abilities and corroborate many epidemiological studies regarding the association between the increased intake of garlic and the reduced risk of several types of cancer.
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Huang S, Zhou C, Zeng T, Li Y, Lai Y, Mo C, Chen Y, Huang S, Lv Z, Gao L. P-Hydroxyacetophenone Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Zebrafish and Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1594. [PMID: 32047433 PMCID: PMC6997130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is recognized as an important health problem worldwide, is a direct consequence of alcohol consumption, which can induce alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. P-Hydroxyacetophenone (p-HAP) is mainly used as a choleretic and hepatoprotective compound and has anti-hepatitis B, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, no experimental report has focused on p-HAP in ALD, and the effect and mechanism of p-HAP in ALD remain unknown. In addition, there is no research on p-HAP in the treatment of ALD. The potential molecular mechanisms of p-HAP against acute alcoholic liver injury remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p-HAP alleviates ALD and to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. Zebrafish larvae were soaked in 350 mmol/l ethanol for 32 h at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) and then treated with p-HAP for 48 h. We chose various outcome measures, such as liver histomorphological changes, antioxidation and antiapoptosis capability and expression of inflammation-related proteins, to elucidate the essential mechanism of p-HAP in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver damage. Subsequently, we applied pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Nile red staining and oil red O staining to detect the histomorphological and lipid changes in liver tissues. We also used TUNEL staining, immunochemistry and Western blot analysis to reveal the changes in apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins. In particular, we used a variety of fluorescent probes to detect the antioxidant capacity of p-HAP in live zebrafish larvae in vivo. In addition, we discovered that p-HAP treatment relieved alcoholic hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner and that the 50 μM dose had the best therapeutic effect. Generally, this research indicated that p-HAP might reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Shi M, Cui Y, Liu C, Li C, Liu Z, Kang WY. CYPs-mediated drug-drug interactions on psoralidin, isobavachalcone, neobavaisoflavone and daidzein in rats liver microsomes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111027. [PMID: 31870919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The incubation system of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 enzymes in rat liver microsomes was established to investigate the effects of psoralidin, isobavachalcone, neobavaisoflavone and daidzein from Fructus Psoraleae in vitro. The relevant metabolites were measured by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after probe substrates of 4-nitrophenol, testosterone and the drugs at different concentrations were added to the incubation systems. In addition, real-time RT-PCR was performed to determine the effect of psoralidin, neobavaisoflavone and daidzein on the mRNA expression of CYP3A4 in rat liver. The results suggested that psoralidin, isobavachalcone and neobavaisoflavone were Medium-intensity inhibitors of CYP2E1 with Ki values of 2.58, 1.28 and 19.07 μM, respectively, which could inhibit the increase of CYP2E1 and reduce diseases caused by lipid peroxidation. Isobavachalcone (Ki = 37.52 μM) showed a weak competitive inhibition on CYP3A4. Psoralidin and neobavaisoflavone showed obvious induction effects on CYP3A4 in the expression level of mRNA, which could accelerate the effects of drug metabolism and lead to the risk of inducing DDIs and serious adverse reactions. The results could be used for guideline of Fructus Psoraleae in clinic, which aimed to calculate the drug toxicity by studying the drug-drug interactions caused by the induction and inhibition of CYP450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Shi
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Cunyu Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Changqin Li
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Wen-Yi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Histone Deacetylase Expressions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Functional Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Liver Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101587. [PMID: 31635225 PMCID: PMC6826839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause for deaths worldwide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition (HDACi) is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, most pharmacological HDACi unselectively block different HDAC classes and their molecular mechanisms of action are only incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze expressions of different HDAC classes in HCC cells and tissues and to functionally analyze the effect of the HDACi suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA) on the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. The gene expression of all HDAC classes was significantly increased in human HCC cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2, PLC, HuH7) compared to primary human hepatocytes (PHH). The analysis of HCC patient data showed the increased expression of several HDACs in HCC tissues compared to non-tumorous liver. However, there was no unified picture of regulation in three different HCC patient datasets and we observed a strong variation in the gene expression of different HDACs in tumorous as well as non-tumorous liver. Still, there was a strong correlation in the expression of HDAC class IIa (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) as well as HDAC2 and 8 (class I) and HDAC10 (class IIb) and HDAC11 (class IV) in HCC tissues of individual patients. This might indicate a common mechanism of the regulation of these HDACs in HCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset analysis revealed that HDAC4, HDAC7 and HDAC9 as well as HDAC class I members HDAC1 and HDAC2 is significantly correlated with patient survival. Furthermore, we observed that SAHA and TSA reduced the proliferation, clonogenicity and migratory potential of HCC cells. SAHA but not TSA induced features of senescence in HCC cells. Additionally, HDACi enhanced the efficacy of sorafenib in killing sorafenib-susceptible cells. Moreover, HDACi reestablished sorafenib sensitivity in resistant HCC cells. In summary, HDACs are significantly but differently increased in HCC, which may be exploited to develop more targeted therapeutic approaches. HDACi affect different facets of the tumorigenicity of HCC cells and appears to be a promising therapeutic approach alone or in combination with sorafenib.
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Mahli A, Erwin Thasler W, Hellerbrand C. Establishment of a p-nitrophenol oxidation-based assay for the analysis of CYP2E1 activity in intact hepatocytes in vitro. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:219-223. [PMID: 30380359 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1539800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CYP2E1 is a mammalian cytochrome P450 enzyme, which oxidizes a structurally diverse class of endogenous and exogenous (xenobiotic) compounds. Best studied is the role of CYP2E1 in phase I metabolism of xenobiotics including alcohol. CYP2E1 metabolizes ethanol and is active in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues. Several studies have shown and discussed the importance of CYP2E1 in the hepatotoxic actions of alcohol. However, the vast majority assessed the CYP2E1 activity only in isolated microsomes. Here, we aimed to develop and optimize a fast and easy method to assess alcohol-induced CYP2E1 activity in hepatocytes in vitro applying oxidation of para-nitrophenol to para-nitrocatechol as specific substrate probe. Using hepatoma cells with and without stable CYP2E1 expression and primary human hepatocytes, we established specific methodology to assess CYP2E1 catalytic activity and its induction by ethanol in a small number of cells and in a very short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Mahli
- a Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Erwin Thasler
- b Department of General Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Biobank o.b. HTCR , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- a Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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11
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Jin X, Liao Y, Tan X, Wang G, Zhao F, Jin Y. Involvement of CYP2E1 in the Course of Brain Edema Induced by Subacute Poisoning With 1,2-Dichloroethane in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1317. [PMID: 30524279 PMCID: PMC6262393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the role of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) expression in the course of brain edema induced by subacute poisoning with 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE). Mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the 1,2-DCE poisoned group, and the low-, medium- and high-dose diallyl sulfide (DAS) intervention groups. The present study found that CYP2E1 expression levels in the brains of the 1,2-DCE-poisoned group were upregulated transcriptionally; in contrast, the levels were suppressed by DAS pretreatment in the intervention groups. In addition, the expression levels of both Nrf2 and HO-1 were also upregulated transcriptionally in the brains of the 1,2-DCE-poisoned group, while they were suppressed dose-dependently in the intervention groups. Moreover, compared with the control group, MDA levels and water contents in the brains of the 1,2-DCE-poisoned group increased, whereas NPSH levels and tight junction (TJ) protein levels decreased significantly. Conversely, compared with the 1,2-DCE- poisoned group, MDA levels and water contents in the brains of the intervention groups decreased, and NPSH levels and TJ protein levels increased significantly. Furthermore, pathological changes of brain edema observed in the 1,2-DCE-poisoned group were markedly improved in the intervention groups. Collectively, our results suggested that CYP2E1 expression could be transcriptionally upregulated in 1,2-DCE-poisoned mice, which might enhance 1,2-DCE metabolism in vivo, and induce oxidative damage and TJ disruption in the brain, ultimately leading to brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Ethanol potentiates the genotoxicity of the food-derived mammary carcinogen PhIP in human estrogen receptor-positive mammary cells: mechanistic support for lifestyle factors (cooked red meat and ethanol) associated with mammary cancer. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1639-1655. [PMID: 29362861 PMCID: PMC5882637 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of cooked/processed meat and ethanol are lifestyle risk factors in the aetiology of breast cancer. Cooking meat generates heterocyclic amines such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Epidemiology, mechanistic and animal studies indicate that PhIP is a mammary carcinogen that could be causally linked to breast cancer incidence; PhIP is DNA damaging, mutagenic and oestrogenic. PhIP toxicity involves cytochrome P450 (CYP1 family)-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, and transcriptional responses through Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen-receptor-α (ER-α). Ethanol consumption is a modifiable lifestyle factor strongly associated with breast cancer risk. Ethanol toxicity involves alcohol dehydrogenase metabolism to reactive acetaldehyde, and is also a substrate for CYP2E1, which when uncoupled generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. Here, using human mammary cells that differ in estrogen-receptor status, we explore genotoxicity of PhIP and ethanol and mechanisms behind this toxicity. Treatment with PhIP (10-7-10-4 M) significantly induced genotoxicity (micronuclei formation) preferentially in ER-α positive human mammary cell lines (MCF-7, ER-α+) compared to MDA-MB-231 (ER-α-) cells. PhIP-induced CYP1A2 in both cell lines but CYP1B1 was selectively induced in ER-α(+) cells. ER-α inhibition in MCF-7 cells attenuated PhIP-mediated micronuclei formation and CYP1B1 induction. PhIP-induced CYP2E1 and ROS via ER-α-STAT-3 pathway, but only in ER-α (+) MCF-7 cells. Importantly, simultaneous treatments of physiological concentrations ethanol (10-3-10-1 M) with PhIP (10-7-10-4 M) increased oxidative stress and genotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, compared to the individual chemicals. Collectively, these data offer a mechanistic basis for the increased risk of breast cancer associated with dietary cooked meat and ethanol lifestyle choices.
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Kema VH, Khan I, Kapur S, Mandal P. Evaluating the effect of diallyl sulfide on regulation of inflammatory mRNA expression in 3T3L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages during ethanol treatment. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 41:302-313. [PMID: 29319385 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1405969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) has been studied extensively for its alleged role as an anticancer and protective agent. Alcohol influences and effects on human health have been extensively studied. However, investigations toward developing and testing therapeutic agents that can reduce the tissue injury caused by ethanol are scarce. In this backdrop, this study was designed to explore the potential effect of DAS in reducing alcohol induced damage of 3T3L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was performed to determine the DAS effect on cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by flow cytometer. Expression of inflammatory genes was studied by the qRT-PCR method. Our study results showed that DAS at concentrations less than 200 μM was not toxic to the cells and the viability of ethanol-exposed 3T3L1 adipocyte cells was found to be significantly increased when ethanol-exposed cells were treated with DAS. Further, treatment of ethanol-exposed 3T3L1 cells with 100 μM DAS for 24 h was found to reduce ethanol induced ROS production, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine production in the cells. Also, 100 μM DAS was found to increase the expression of M2 phenotype-specific genes in ethanol-exposed RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Further, 100 μM DAS also improved the levels of lipid accumulation in 3T3L1 adipocytes that was down-regulated by ethanol exposure. Taken together, our study results imply that DAS may be effective in reducing ethanol induced injury of cells thereby suggesting its potential to be used in drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Harini Kema
- a Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
| | - Imran Khan
- a Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
| | - Suman Kapur
- a Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India
| | - Palash Mandal
- a Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad , India.,b Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology , Changa , India
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14
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Wang T, Liao Y, Sun Q, Tang H, Wang G, Zhao F, Jin Y. Upregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Primary Cultured Rat Astrocytes Induced by 2-Chloroethanol Via MAPK Signal Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:218. [PMID: 28769771 PMCID: PMC5516094 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Chloroethanol (2-CE) is one of the reactive metabolites of 1,2-DCE in vivo, which might contribute to brain edema formation induced by 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) poisoning. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways in upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in 2-CE exposed rat astrocytes. Expression of p38 MAPK (p38), extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and MMP-9 at both protein and gene levels in rat astrocytes were determined using western blot and real-time RT-PCR methods. The results showed that both protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 in 2-CE exposed astrocytes significantly increased. Meanwhile, protein levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and JNK1/2 (p-JNK1/2) in 2-CE exposed astrocytes also significantly increased. In addition, both protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 significantly decreased in response to reduced protein levels of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 achieved by supplement with their specific inhibitors, indicating that activation of MAPK signal pathways might play an important role in upregulation of MMP-9 expression at the transcriptional level in 2-CE exposed astrocytes. Furthermore, since pretreatment of n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a powerful antioxidant amino acid, could attenuate the elevated levels of MMP-9, p-p38, p-ERK2 and p-JNK1/2 in 2-CE exposed astrocytes, activation of MAPK signal pathways in 2-CE exposed astrocytes could be mediated partially by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was most likely generated in the metabolism of 2-CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Hongge Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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15
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Kema VH, Khan I, Jamal R, Vishwakarma SK, Lakki Reddy C, Parwani K, Patel F, Patel D, Khan AA, Mandal P. Protective Effects of Diallyl Sulfide Against Ethanol-Induced Injury in Rat Adipose Tissue and Primary Human Adipocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1078-1092. [PMID: 28414868 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is the fourth leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Several cellular pathways contribute to alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Adipose tissue apart from functioning as an endocrine organ secretes several hormones and cytokines known as adipokines that are known to play a significant role in alcohol-induced tissue damage. This study was designed to test the efficacy of diallyl sulfide (DAS) in regulating the alcohol-induced outcomes on adipose tissue. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with 36% Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol (EtOH) for 4 weeks. Control rats were pair-fed with isocaloric diet containing maltodextrin instead of EtOH. During the last week of feeding protocol, the EtOH-fed rat group was given 200 mg/kg body weight of DAS through diet. We also studied DAS effect on isolated human primary adipocytes. Viability of human primary adipocytes on DAS treatment was assessed by MTT assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, was measured by HPLC and the thiobarbituric acid method. Expression of inflammatory genes and lipogenic genes was studied by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Serum inflammatory gene expression was studied by ELISA. RESULTS Our study results showed that DAS could alleviate EtOH-induced expression levels of proinflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes and improve adipose tissue mass and adipocyte morphology in male Wistar rats fed Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 6% EtOH. Further, we showed that DAS reduced the expression of lipogenic genes and improved lipid accumulation and adipocyte mass in human primary adipocytes treated with EtOH. Subsequently, we also showed that oxidative stress, as measured by the changes in MDA levels, was reduced in both male Wistar rats and human primary adipocytes treated with EtOH plus DAS. CONCLUSIONS Our study results prove that DAS is effective in ameliorating EtOH-induced damage to adipose tissue as evidenced by the reduction brought about by DAS in oxidative stress, ER stress, and proinflammatory gene expression levels. DAS treatment also regulated lipogenic gene expression levels, thereby reducing free fatty acid release. In conclusion, this study has clinical implications with respect to alcohol-induced adipose tissue injury among alcohol users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reshma Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandrakala Lakki Reddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kirti Parwani
- Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Farhin Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhara Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Aleem A Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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16
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Li L, Zhou YF, Li YL, Wang LL, Arai H, Xu Y. In vitro and in vivo antioxidative and hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Cortex Dictamni. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2912-2927. [PMID: 28522909 PMCID: PMC5413786 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Cortex Dictamni aqueous extract (CDAE) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.
METHODS The in vitro antioxidant effect of CDAE was investigated using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), β-carotene bleaching, reducing power, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays. A linoleic acid system, including ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assays, was used to evaluate the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of CDAE against CCl4-induced liver damage were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Silymarin was used as a positive control. Liver damage was assessed by determining hepatic histopathology and liver marker enzymes in serum. Enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels and lipid peroxide content were measured in the liver. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expression was measured via immunohistochemical staining. Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (γ-GCSc) protein expression was measured by Western blot.
RESULTS Our results showed that CDAE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity in vitro. CDAE scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. CDAE inhibited lipid peroxidation with a lipid peroxide inhibition rate of 40.6% ± 5.2%. In the FTC and TBA assays, CDAE significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation (P < 0.01). In vivo histopathological studies indicated that CCl4-induced liver injury was alleviated following CDAE treatment in rats of both sexes. CDAE (160 and 320 mg/kg) significantly prevented CCl4-induced elevations of alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels in rats of both sexes (P < 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001). Moreover, CDAE restored the decreased activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzyme antioxidant glutathione, which were induced by CCl4 treatment. CDAE significantly suppressed the up-regulation of CYP2E1 and promoted Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and γ-GCSc protein expression.
CONCLUSION CDAE exhibits good antioxidant performance in vitro, with marked radical-scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. CDAE is effective in preventing CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats of both sexes. The hepatoprotective activity of CDAE may be attributable to its antioxidant activity, which may involve Keap1-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant regulation.
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Goda K, Takahashi T, Kobayashi A, Shoda T, Kuno H, Sugai S. Usefulness of in vitro combination assays of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis for the estimation of potential risk of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 41:605-15. [PMID: 27665770 DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the serious and frequent drug-related adverse events. This adverse event is a main reason for regulatory action pertaining to drugs, including restrictions in clinical indications and withdrawal from clinical trials or the marketplace. Idiosyncratic DILI especially has become a major clinical concern because of its unpredictable nature, frequent hospitalization, need for liver transplantation and high mortality. The estimation of the potential for compounds to induce idiosyncratic DILI is very difficult in non-clinical studies because the precise mechanism of idiosyncratic DILI is still unknown. Recently, many in vitro assays which indicate a possibility of the prediction of the idiosyncratic DILI have been reported. Among these, some in vitro assays focus on the effects of compounds on mitochondrial function and the apoptotic effects of compounds on human hepatocytes. In this study, we measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and caspase-3/7 activity as an endpoint of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, respectively, with human hepatocytes after treatment with compounds causing idiosyncratic DILI (troglitazone, leflunomide, ranitidine and diclofenac). Troglitazone and leflunomide decreased the OCR but did not affect caspase-3/7 activity. Ranitidine increased caspase-3/7 activity but did not affect the OCR. Diclofenac decreased the OCR and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Acetaminophen and ethanol, which are also hepatotoxicants but do not induce idiosyncratic DILI, did not affect the OCR or caspase-3/7 activity. These results indicate that a combination assay of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis is useful for the estimation of potential risk of compounds to induce idiosyncratic DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goda
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC
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18
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Schmidt-Heck W, Wönne EC, Hiller T, Menzel U, Koczan D, Damm G, Seehofer D, Knöspel F, Freyer N, Guthke R, Dooley S, Zeilinger K. Global Transcriptional Response of Human Liver Cells to Ethanol Stress of Different Strength Reveals Hormetic Behavior. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:883-894. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
| | - Eva C. Wönne
- Bioreactor Group ; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Hiller
- Bioreactor Group ; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Uwe Menzel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute for Immunology ; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery ; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation ; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery ; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation ; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Fanny Knöspel
- Bioreactor Group ; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Nora Freyer
- Bioreactor Group ; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim ; Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Bioreactor Group ; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Sun Q, Liao Y, Wang T, Wang G, Zhao F, Jin Y. Alteration in mitochondrial function and glutamate metabolism affected by 2-chloroethanol in primary cultured astrocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:50-60. [PMID: 27596522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms that contribute to 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) induced brain edema by focusing on alteration of mitochondrial function and glutamate metabolism in primary cultured astrocytes induced by 2-chloroethanol (2-CE), a metabolite of 1,2-DCE in vivo. The cells were exposed to different levels of 2-CE in the media for 24h. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by its membrane potential and intracellular contents of ATP, lactic acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutamate metabolism was indicated by expression of glutamine synthase (GS), glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) at both protein and gene levels. Compared to the control group, exposure to 2-CE could cause a dose dependent damage in astrocytes, indicated by decreased cell viability and morphological changes, and supported by decreased levels of nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) and inhibited activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in the cells. The present study also revealed both mitochondrial function and glutamate metabolism in astrocytes were significantly disturbed by 2-CE. Of which, mitochondrial function was much vulnerable to the effects of 2-CE. In conclusion, our findings suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate metabolism disorder could contribute to 2-CE-induced cytotoxicity in astrocytes, which might be related to 1,2-DCE-induced brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Rao PSS, Midde NM, Miller DD, Chauhan S, Kumar A, Kumar S. Diallyl Sulfide: Potential Use in Novel Therapeutic Interventions in Alcohol, Drugs, and Disease Mediated Cellular Toxicity by Targeting Cytochrome P450 2E1. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 16:486-503. [PMID: 26264202 DOI: 10.2174/1389200216666150812123554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (DAS) and other organosulfur compounds are chief constituents of garlic. These compounds have many health benefits, as they are very efficient in detoxifying natural agents. Therefore, these compounds may be useful for prevention/treatment of cancers. However, DAS has shown appreciable allergic reactions and toxicity, as they can also affect normal cells. Thus their use as in the prevention and treatment of cancer is limited. DAS is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is known to metabolize many xenobiotics including alcohol and analgesic drugs in the liver. CYP2E1-mediated alcohol/drug metabolism produce reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites, which damage DNA, protein, and lipid membranes, subsequently causing liver damage. Several groups have shown that DAS is not only capable of inhibiting alcohol- and drug-mediated cellular toxicities, but also HIV protein- and diabetes-mediated toxicities by selectively inhibiting CYP2E1 in various cell types. However, due to known DAS toxicities, its use as a treatment modality for alcohol/drug- and HIV/diabetes-mediated toxicity have only limited clinical relevance. Therefore, effort is being made to generate DAS analogs, which are potent and selective inhibitor of CYP2E1 and poor substrate of CYP2E1. This review summarizes current advances in the field of DAS, its anticancer properties, role as a CYP2E1 inhibitor, preventing agent of cellular toxicities from alcohol, analgesic drugs, xenobiotics, as well as, from diseases like HIV and diabetes. Finally, this review also provides insights toward developing novel DAS analogues for chemical intervention of many disease conditions by targeting CYP2E1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Santosh Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Rm 456, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Vecchione G, Grasselli E, Compalati AD, Ragazzoni M, Cortese K, Gallo G, Voci A, Vergani L. Ethanol and fatty acids impair lipid homeostasis in an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 90:84-94. [PMID: 26854922 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Excess ethanol consumption and fatty acid intake lead to a cumulative effect on liver steatosis through still unclear mechanisms. This study aimed to characterize the lipid homoeostasis alterations under the exposure of hepatocytes to ethanol alone or combined with fatty acids. FaO hepatoma cells were incubated in the absence (C) or in the presence of 100 mM ethanol (EtOH) or 0.35 mM oleate/palmitate (FFA) alone or in the combination (FFA/EtOH). Content of intra- and extra-cellular triglycerides (TAGs) and of lipid droplets (LDs), expression of lipogenic and lipolytic genes, and oxidative stress-related parameters were evaluated. Exposure to either FFAs or EtOH given separately led to steatosis which was augmented when they were combined. Our results show that FFA/EtOH: (i) increased the LD number, but reduced their size compared to separate treatments; (ii) up-regulated PPARγ and SREBP-1c and down-regulated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1); (iii) impaired FFA oxidation; (iv) did not change lipid secretion and oxidative stress. Our findings indicate that one of the major mechanisms of the metabolic interference between ethanol and fat excess is the impairment of FFA oxidation, in addition to lipogenic pathway stimulation. Interestingly, ethanol combined with FFAs led to a shift from macrovesicular to microvesicular steatosis that represents a more dangerous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vecchione
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Grasselli
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; INBB, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea D Compalati
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Milena Ragazzoni
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gallo
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Adriana Voci
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy; INBB, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.
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Wang JJ, Zhao R, Liang JC, Chen Y. Antidiabetic and Anti-oxidative Effects of Honokiol on Diabetic Rats Induced by High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Run-mei X, Jun-jun W, Jing-ya C, Li-juan S, Yong C. Effects of arecoline on hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and oxidative stress. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:609-14. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Run-mei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University
| | - Wang Jun-jun
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University
| | - Chen Jing-ya
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University
| | - Sun Li-juan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University
| | - Chen Yong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University
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Leung T, Rajendran R, Singh S, Garva R, Krstic-Demonacos M, Demonacos C. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) regulates the response to oxidative stress and migration of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R107. [PMID: 24207099 PMCID: PMC3979157 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a class of heme-containing enzymes involved in phase I metabolism of a large number of xenobiotics. The CYP family member CYP2E1 metabolises many xenobiotics and pro-carcinogens, it is not just expressed in the liver but also in many other tissues such as the kidney, the lung, the brain, the gastrointestinal tract and the breast tissue. It is induced in several pathological conditions including cancer, obesity, and type II diabetes implying that this enzyme is implicated in other biological processes beyond its role in phase I metabolism. Despite the detailed description of the role of CYP2E1 in the liver, its functions in other tissues have not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of CYP2E1 in breast carcinogenesis. Methods Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by H2DCFDA (2 2.9.2 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) staining and autophagy was assessed by tracing the cellular levels of autophagy markers using western blot assays. The endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were detected by luciferase assays reflecting the splicing of mRNA encoding the X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) transcription factor and cell migration was evaluated using the scratch wound assay. Gene expression was recorded with standard transcription assays including luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results Ectopic expression of CYP2E1 induced ROS generation, affected autophagy, stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibited migration in breast cancer cells with different metastatic potential and p53 status. Furthermore, evidence is presented indicating that CYP2E1 gene expression is under the transcriptional control of the p53 tumor suppressor. Conclusions These results support the notion that CYP2E1 exerts an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, provide a potential link between ethanol metabolism and breast cancer and suggest that progression, and metastasis, of advanced stages of breast cancer can be modulated by induction of CYP2E1 activity.
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Zeng T, Zhang CL, Song FY, Zhao XL, Yu LH, Zhu ZP, Xie KQ. The activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 contributes to the protective effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4848-59. [PMID: 23816986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. The current study is designed to evaluate the protective effects of DADS against ethanol-induced oxidative stress, and to explore the underlying mechanisms by examining the HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway. METHODS We investigated whether or not DADS could activate the HO-1 in normal human liver cell LO2, and then evaluated the protective effects of DADS against ethanol-induced damage in LO2 cells and in acute ethanol-intoxicated mice. The biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. HO-1 mRNA level was determined by RT-PCR. Histopathology and immunofluorescence assay were performed with routine methods. Protein levels were measured by western blot. RESULTS DADS significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of HO-1, stimulated the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 and increased the phosphorylation of MAPK in LO2 cells. The nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 was abrogated by MAPK inhibitors. DADS significantly suppressed ethanol-induced elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, decrease of glutathione (GSH) level, increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and apoptosis of LO2 cells, which were all blocked by ZnPPIX. In mice, DADS effectively suppressed acute ethanol-induced elevation of aminotransferase activities, and improved liver histopathological changes, which might be associated with HO-1 activation. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that DADS could induce the activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway, which may contribute to the protective effects of DADS against ethanol-induced liver injury. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE DADS may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of ALD due to significant activation of HO-1/Nrf-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan City, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Considerable support exists for the roles of metabolism in modulating the carcinogenic properties of chemicals. In particular, many of these compounds are pro-carcinogens that require activation to electrophilic forms to exert genotoxic effects. We systematically analyzed the existing literature on the metabolism of carcinogens by human enzymes, which has been developed largely in the past 25 years. The metabolism and especially bioactivation of carcinogens are dominated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (66% of bioactivations). Within this group, six P450s--1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4--accounted for 77% of the P450 activation reactions. The roles of these P450s can be compared with those estimated for drug metabolism and should be considered in issues involving enzyme induction, chemoprevention, molecular epidemiology, interindividual variations, and risk assessment.
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Yao P, Song F, Li K, Zhou S, Liu S, Sun X, Nussler AK, Liu L. Ginkgo bilobaExtract Prevents Ethanol Induced Dyslipidemia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 35:643-52. [PMID: 17708630 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07005132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) functions as a natural substantial antioxidant and hypolipidemic. Chronic alcohol abuse leads to sustained dyslipidemia characterized by hyperlipidemia and lipid peroxidation. Thus, the present study investigates the effect of EGB on lipid disorders induced by ethanol in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with ethanol (2.4 g/kg), and pretreated with a daily dose of low or high EGB (48 or 96 mg/kg, respectively). During the experiment, serum was collected on day 30, 60, and 90. Serum lipid profile, including lipid peroxidation, was determined by colorimetric methods. Our data showed that ethanol intake resulted in a time-dependent increase in serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and a decrease of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) against TC. EGB prophylactic medication (48 and 96 mg/kg), especially at the high dose, significantly increased HDL-C content, and normalized the abnormal lipid profile and peroxidation in comparison to ethanol-fed only rats. These results suggest that ethanol results in time-dependent hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and promotes serum lipid peroxidation. EGB pretreatment prevents hyperlipidemia and ameliorates lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Zeng T, Xie KQ. The Differential Modulation on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Garlic Components. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.496023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ruan X, Shen C, Meng Q. Establishment of a methodology for investigating protectants against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1145-51. [PMID: 20138203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced liver injury has been extensively reported in clinic, but still lacks an efficient in vitro platform for investigating its hepatotoxicity and protectants. This study aimed to establish a methodology on the culture conditions regarding the sealability against evaporation of ethanol, culture medium and 2D/3D culture of hepatocytes. Based on the experimental findings, it was indicated that the ethanol evaporation from culture plates was a severe problem reducing its toxicity in hepatocyte. According to the detected ethanol toxic response marked by reduced cell viability, 3D cultured hepatocytes in gel entrapment were suggested to be better than 2D hepatocyte in monolayer, but the cultures in either William's Medium E or DMEM exhibited comparable sensitivity to ethanol toxicity. Subsequently, 3D cultured hepatocytes with Parafilm sealing were systematically illustrated to well reflect the ethanol-induced lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species/malondialdehyde generation, glutathione depletion and cytochrome 2E1 induction. Finally, such hepatocyte models were proposed as a platform for screening of herbal component against ethanol hepatotoxicity. Nano-silibinin, for the first time, found to perform significant protection against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity while silibinin in normal particles could not inhibit such toxicity. This protection of nano-silibinin might relate to its improved bioavailability compared to normal insoluble silibinin and could act as an anti-oxidative and anti-steatosis agent against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Ruan
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Zhejiang, PR China
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Bao W, Li K, Rong S, Yao P, Hao L, Ying C, Zhang X, Nussler A, Liu L. Curcumin alleviates ethanol-induced hepatocytes oxidative damage involving heme oxygenase-1 induction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:549-553. [PMID: 20080166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Curcumin is the main bioactive constituent derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.), which has been used traditionally as hepatoprotective agents in ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was carried out to demonstrate the potential protective effect of curcumin pretreatment against ethanol-induced hepatocytes oxidative damage, with emphasis on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat primary hepatocytes were isolated and treated with ethanol (100mM) and diverse doses of curcumin (0-50 microM), which was pretreated at various time points (0-5h) before ethanol administration. Hepatic enzyme releases in the culture medium and redox status including HO-1 enzyme activity were detected. RESULTS Ethanol exposure resulted in a sustained malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and evident release of cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which was significantly ameliorated by curcumin pretreatment. In addition, dose- and time-dependent induction of HO-1 was involved in such hepatoprotective effects by curcumin. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin exerts hepatoprotective properties against ethanol involving HO-1 induction, which provide new insights into the pharmacological targets of curcumin in the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
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Bhatia V, Bhardwaj P, Elikkottil J, Batra J, Saraya A. A 7-day profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatol Int 2008; 2:465-70. [PMID: 19669321 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-008-9098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by a rapid and massive destruction of hepatocytes. The role of oxidative stress in perpetuating the injury is undefined and may be a potential therapeutic target. Our aim was to study serial variation in oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with ALF. METHODS The study involved a prospective case-control study set in a tertiary care referral center. Thirty-two consecutive patients admitted with ALF were included with 23 healthy controls for comparison. Level of systemic oxidative stress as defined by superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive derivatives [TBARS]), and the total antioxidant capacity as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) was measured at baseline on days 3 and 7. RESULTS The patients were aged 24 years (range 13-60 years) and included 20 females. Thirteen (40.6%) patients died. Patients with ALF had significantly increased systemic oxidative stress at presentation, as reflected by higher levels of SOD (P < 0.001) and TBARS (P < 0.001) than controls. Both TBARS levels and FRAP decreased progressively from admission to the end of first week among the survivors (P = 0.004 and 0.015, respectively). The antioxidant status reflected by FRAP (P = 0.001) was significantly lower in ALF patients than controls. No relation was found between the level of oxidative stress and the mortality or complications. CONCLUSION A high level of systemic oxidative stress exists in ALF, with depletion of antioxidant reserves. Further studies are needed to define the clinical correlation of the large pro-oxidant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bhatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Cao HC, Chen XM, Xu W. Determination of platelet-activating factor by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7364-7. [PMID: 16437644 PMCID: PMC4725131 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i46.7364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the plasma or serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) malondialdehyde (MDA), endotoxin (ET) and to discuss their significance in various types of viral hepatitis. METHODS PAF, TNF-alpha, MDA, and ET levels in 60 controls, 16 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 71 cases of chronic viral hepatitis, 19 cases of severe viral hepatitis were detected by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rHPLC), bio-assay, ELISA, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and limulus lysate test (LLT), respectively. RESULTS The rHPLC was more sensitive and specific than bio-assay (r = 0.912, P<0.01). The plasma levels of PAF, TNF-alpha, MDA, and ET in patients with viral hepatitis were higher than those in controls (P<0.01). CONCLUSION rHPLC is more reliable and accurate for the detection of PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cui Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
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