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Yoon HJ, Doyle MA, Altemus ME, Bethi R, Lago SH, Winder DG, Calipari ES. Operant ethanol self-administration behaviors do not predict sex differences in continuous access home cage drinking. Alcohol 2024:S0741-8329(24)00114-9. [PMID: 39218047 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding sex differences in disease prevalence is critical to public health, particularly in the context of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The goal of this study was to understand sex differences in ethanol drinking behavior and define the precise conditions under which sex differences emerge. Consistent with prior work, C57BL/6J females drank more than males under continuous access two-bottle choice conditions. However, using ethanol self-administration - where an operant response results in access to an ethanol sipper for a fixed time period - we found no sex differences in operant response rates or ethanol consumption (volume per body weight consumed, as well as lick behavior). This remained true across a wide range of parameters including acquisition, when the ethanol sipper access period was manipulated, and when the concentration of the ethanol available was scaled. The only sex differences observed were in total ethanol consumption, which was explained by differences in body weight between males and females, rather than by sex differences in motivation to drink. Using dimensionality reduction approaches, we found that drinking behavior in the operant context did not cluster by sex, but rather clustered by high and low drinking phenotypes. Interestingly, these high and low drinking phenotypes in the operant context showed no correlation with those same categorizations in the home cage context within the same animals. These data underscore the complexity of sex differences in ethanol consumption, highlighting the important role that drinking conditions/context plays in the expression of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jean Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marie A Doyle
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Megan E Altemus
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rishik Bethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sofia H Lago
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Yoo JJ, Lee DH, Chang Y, Jo H, Cho YY, Lee S, Kim LY, Jang JY. Trends in alcohol use and alcoholic liver disease in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1841. [PMID: 38987717 PMCID: PMC11234741 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of national-level research on alcohol consumption and the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in South Korea. This study aims to address the critical public health issue of ALD by focusing on its trends, incidence, and outcomes, using nationwide claims data. METHODS Utilizing National Health Insurance Service data from 2011 to 2017, we calculated the population's overall drinking amount and the incidence of ALD based on ICD-10 diagnosis codes. RESULTS From 2011 to 2017 in South Korea, social drinking increased from 15.7% to 16.5%, notably rising among women. High-risk drinking remained around 16.4%, decreasing in men aged 20-39 but not decreased in men aged 40-59 and steadily increased in women aged 20-59. The prevalence of ALD in high-risk drinkers (0.97%) was significantly higher than in social drinkers (0.16%). A 3-year follow-up revealed ALD incidence of 1.90% for high-risk drinkers and 0.31% for social drinkers. Women high-risk drinkers had a higher ALD risk ratio (6.08) than men (4.18). The economic burden of ALD was substantial, leading to higher healthcare costs and increased hospitalization. Progression rates to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in ALD patients were 23.3% and 2.8%, respectively, with no gender difference in cirrhosis progression. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed a concerning rise in alcohol consumption among South Korean women and emphasizes the heightened health risks and economic burdens associated with high-risk drinking, especially concerning ALD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 59 Daesagwan-Ro, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoongil Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine & Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangheun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Log Young Kim
- Department of Big DATA Strategy, National Health Insurance Service, 32, Geongang-Ro, Wonju-si, 26464, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Digestive Research, Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 59 Daesagwan-Ro, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Nataraj K, Schonfeld M, Rodriguez A, Tikhanovich I. Protective role of 17β-estradiol in alcohol-associated liver fibrosis is mediated by suppression of integrin signaling. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0428. [PMID: 38704651 PMCID: PMC11073774 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease is a complex disease regulated by genetic and environmental factors such as diet and sex. The combination of high-fat diet and alcohol consumption has synergistic effects on liver disease progression. Female sex hormones are known to protect females from liver disease induced by high-fat diet. In contrast, they promote alcohol-mediated liver injury. We aimed to define the role of female sex hormones on liver disease induced by a combination of high-fat diet and alcohol. METHODS Wild-type and protein arginine methyltransferase (Prmt)6 knockout female mice were subjected to gonadectomy (ovariectomy, OVX) or sham surgeries and then fed western diet and alcohol in the drinking water. RESULTS We found that female sex hormones protected mice from western diet/alcohol-induced weight gain, liver steatosis, injury, and fibrosis. Our data suggest that these changes are, in part, mediated by estrogen-mediated induction of arginine methyltransferase PRMT6. Liver proteome changes induced by OVX strongly correlated with changes induced by Prmt6 knockout. Using Prmt6 knockout mice, we confirmed that OVX-mediated weight gain, steatosis, and injury are PRMT6 dependent, while OVX-induced liver fibrosis is PRMT6 independent. Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed that estrogen signaling suppressed the expression of several components of the integrin pathway, thus reducing integrin-mediated proinflammatory (Tnf, Il6) and profibrotic (Tgfb1, Col1a1) gene expression independent of PRMT6 levels. Integrin signaling inhibition using Arg-Gly-Asp peptides reduced proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression in mice, suggesting that integrin suppression by estrogen is protective against fibrosis development. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, estrogen signaling protects mice from liver disease induced by a combination of alcohol and high-fat diet through upregulation of Prmt6 and suppression of integrin signaling.
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Carlini LE, Fernandez AC, Mellinger JL. Sex and gender in alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States: A narrative review. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00864. [PMID: 38683562 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, there has been an alarming increase in alcohol use and AUD prevalence among women, narrowing the historical gender gap. Concurrently, there has also been a significant rise in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) prevalence, severity, and mortality among women. Despite this, there are no recent reviews that have sought to evaluate both sex and gender differences at the intersection of AUD and ALD. In this narrative review, we address the escalating rates of ALD and AUD in the United States, with a specific focus on the disproportionate impact on women. Sex and gender play an important and well-known role in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of ALD. However, sex and gender are also implicated in the development and prevalence of AUD, as well as in the treatment of AUD, all of which have important consequences on the approach to the treatment of patients with ALD and AUD. A better understanding of sex and gender differences in AUD, ALD, and the intersection of the 2 is essential to enhance prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies. These data underscore the urgent need for awareness and preventive efforts to mitigate the potential long-term health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Carlini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Anne C Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica L Mellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Vafaei S, Alkhrait S, Yang Q, Ali M, Al-Hendy A. Empowering Strategies for Lifestyle Interventions, Diet Modifications, and Environmental Practices for Uterine Fibroid Prevention; Unveiling the LIFE UP Awareness. Nutrients 2024; 16:807. [PMID: 38542717 PMCID: PMC10975324 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common prevalent benign tumor among women of reproductive age, disproportionately affecting women of color. This paper introduces an innovative management strategy for UFs, emphasizing the curbing of disease prevention and progression. Traditionally, medical intervention is deferred until advanced stages, necessitating invasive surgeries such as hysterectomy or myomectomy, leading to high recurrence rates and increased healthcare costs. The strategy, outlined in this review, emphasizes UF disease management and is named LIFE UP awareness-standing for Lifestyle Interventions, Food Modifications, and Environmental Practices for UF Prevention. These cost-effective, safe, and accessible measures hold the potential to prevent UFs, improve overall reproductive health, reduce the need for invasive procedures, and generate substantial cost savings for both individuals and healthcare systems. This review underscores the importance of a proactive UF management method, paving the way for future research and policy initiatives in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (S.A.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (S.V.); (S.A.); (Q.Y.)
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6
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White B, Sirohi S. A Complex Interplay between Nutrition and Alcohol use Disorder: Implications for Breaking the Vicious Cycle. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1822-1837. [PMID: 38797900 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128292367240510111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 16.5% of the United States population met the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder (SUD) in 2021, including 29.5 million individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with AUD are at increased risk for malnutrition, and impairments in nutritional status in chronic alcohol users can be detrimental to physical and emotional well-being. Furthermore, these nutritional deficiencies could contribute to the never-ending cycle of alcoholism and related pathologies, thereby jeopardizing the prospects of recovery and treatment outcomes. Improving nutritional status in AUD patients may not only compensate for general malnutrition but could also reduce adverse symptoms during recovery, thereby promoting abstinence and successful treatment of AUD. In this review, we briefly summarize alterations in the nutritional status of people with addictive disorders, in addition to the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications regarding the role of nutritional intervention in recovery from alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke White
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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Chen X, Denning KL, Mazur A, Lawrence LM, Wang X, Lu Y. Under peroxisome proliferation acyl-CoA oxidase coordinates with catalase to enhance ethanol metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:221-228. [PMID: 37567517 PMCID: PMC10592128 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In peroxisomes, acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX) oxidizes fatty acids and produces H2O2, and the latter is decomposed by catalase. If ethanol is present, ethanol will be oxidized by catalase coupling with decomposition of H2O2. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist WY-14,643 escalated ethanol clearance, which was not observed in catalase knockout (Cat-/-) mice or partially blocked by an ACOX1 inhibitor. WY-14,643 induced peroxisome proliferation via peroxin 16 (PEX16). PEX16 liver-specific knockout (Pex16Alb-Cre) mice lack intact peroxisomes in liver, but catalase and ACOX1 were upregulated. Due to lacking intact peroxisomes, the upregulated catalase and ACOX1 in the Pex16Alb-Cre mice were mislocated in cytosol and microsomes, and the escalated ethanol clearance was not observed in the Pex16Alb-Cre mice, implicating that the intact functional peroxisomes are essential for ACOX1/catalase to metabolize ethanol. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis. WY-14,643 ameliorated alcoholic steatosis but tended to enhance alcoholic steatohepatitis. In mice lacking nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2-/-), WY-14,643 still induced PEX16, ACOX1 and catalase to escalate ethanol clearance and blunt alcoholic steatosis, which was not observed in the PPARα-absent Nrf2-/- mice (Pparα-/-/Nrf2-/-) mice, suggesting that WY-14,643 escalates ethanol clearance through PPARα but not through Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Anna Mazur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Logan M Lawrence
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guiqian International General Hospital, 1 Dongfeng Ave., Wudang Guiyang, Guizhou, 550018, PR China
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Germani G, D’Arcangelo F, Grasso M, Burra P. Advances and Controversies in Acute Alcohol-Related Hepatitis: From Medical Therapy to Liver Transplantation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1802. [PMID: 37763206 PMCID: PMC10532507 DOI: 10.3390/life13091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by recent-onset jaundice in the context of alcohol consumption. In patients with severe AH "unresponsive" to steroid therapy, mortality rates exceed 70% within six months. According to European and American guidelines, liver transplantation (LT) may be considered in highly selected patients who do not respond to medical therapy. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current knowledge from medical therapy to liver transplantation in acute alcohol-related hepatitis. Due to the impossibility to guarantee six-month abstinence, LT for AH is controversial. Principal concerns are related to organ scarcity in the subset of stigma of "alcohol use disorder" (AUD) and the risk of relapse to alcohol use after LT. Return to alcohol use after LT is a complex issue that cannot be assessed as a yes/no variable with heterogeneous results among studies. In conclusion, present data indicate that well-selected patients have excellent outcomes, with survival rates of up to 100% at 24 and 36 months after LT. Behavioral therapy, ongoing psychological support, and strong family support seem essential to improve long-term outcomes after LT and reduce the risk in relapse of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Germani
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Arcangelo
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.D.); (M.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Marco Grasso
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.D.); (M.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (F.D.); (M.G.); (P.B.)
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Hanson JD, Harris A, Gilbertson RJ, Charboneau M, O'Leary M. Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Evaluate Alcohol Use with American Indian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6071. [PMID: 37372658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) are one way to collect timely and accurate alcohol use data, as they involve signaling participants via cell phones to report on daily behaviors in real-time and in a participant's natural environment. EMA has never been used with American Indian populations to evaluate alcohol consumption. The purpose of this project was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of EMA for American Indian women. METHODS Eligible participants were American Indian women between the ages of 18 and 44 who were not pregnant and had consumed more than one drink within the past month. All participants received a TracFone and weekly automated messages. Self-reported measures of daily quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, alcohol type, and context were assessed once per week for four weeks. Baseline measurements also included the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R) and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL). RESULTS Fifteen participants were enrolled in the study. All but one participant completed all data collection time points, and drinking patterns were consistent across the study period. A total of 420 records were completed across 86 drinking days and 334 non-drinking days. Participants reported drinking an average of 5.7 days over the 30-day period and typically consumed 3.99 drinks per drinking occasion. Sixty-six percent of participants met gender-specific cut-points for heavy episodic drinking, with an average of 2.46 binge drinking occasions across the four week study period. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept project showed that EMA was both feasible and acceptable for collecting alcohol data from American Indian women. Additional studies are necessary to fully implement EMA with American Indian women to better understand the drinking motives, contexts, patterns, and risk factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hanson
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1216 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Amy Harris
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1216 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Rebecca J Gilbertson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1216 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Megan Charboneau
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, 118 Willow Street, Eagle Butte, SD 57625, USA
| | - Marcia O'Leary
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, 118 Willow Street, Eagle Butte, SD 57625, USA
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Kharbanda KK, Chokshi S, Tikhanovich I, Weinman SA, New-Aaron M, Ganesan M, Osna NA. A Pathogenic Role of Non-Parenchymal Liver Cells in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease of Infectious and Non-Infectious Origin. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:255. [PMID: 36829532 PMCID: PMC9953685 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Now, much is known regarding the impact of chronic and heavy alcohol consumption on the disruption of physiological liver functions and the induction of structural distortions in the hepatic tissues in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This review deliberates the effects of alcohol on the activity and properties of liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), which are either residential or infiltrated into the liver from the general circulation. NPCs play a pivotal role in the regulation of organ inflammation and fibrosis, both in the context of hepatotropic infections and in non-infectious settings. Here, we overview how NPC functions in ALD are regulated by second hits, such as gender and the exposure to bacterial or viral infections. As an example of the virus-mediated trigger of liver injury, we focused on HIV infections potentiated by alcohol exposure, since this combination was only limitedly studied in relation to the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the development of liver fibrosis. The review specifically focusses on liver macrophages, HSC, and T-lymphocytes and their regulation of ALD pathogenesis and outcomes. It also illustrates the activation of NPCs by the engulfment of apoptotic bodies, a frequent event observed when hepatocytes are exposed to ethanol metabolites and infections. As an example of such a double-hit-induced apoptotic hepatocyte death, we deliberate on the hepatotoxic accumulation of HIV proteins, which in combination with ethanol metabolites, causes intensive hepatic cell death and pro-fibrotic activation of HSCs engulfing these HIV- and malondialdehyde-expressing apoptotic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Melatonin alleviates alcoholic liver disease via EGFR-BRG1-TERT axis regulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:100-112. [PMID: 36815038 PMCID: PMC9939303 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. Melatonin (MLT) is reported to alleviate alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-induced injury. However, its direct regulating targets in hepatocytes are not fully understood. In the current study, a cell-based screening model and a chronic ethanol-fed mice ALD model were used to test the protective mechanisms of MLT. MLT ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury in both cell and animal models (optimal doses of 10 μmol/L and 5 mg/kg, respectively), including lowered liver steatosis, cell death, and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis and loss-of-function studies in AML-12 cells revealed that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) was a key downstream effector of MLT. Biophysical assay found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the hepatocyte surface was a direct binding and regulating target of MLT. Liver specific knock-down of Tert or Egfr in the ALD mice model impaired MLT-mediated liver protection, partly through the regulation of nuclear brahma-related gene-1 (BRG1). Long-term administration (90 days) of MLT in healthy mice did not cause evident adverse effect. In conclusion, MLT is an efficacious and safe agent for ALD alleviation. Its direct regulating target in hepatocytes is EGFR and downstream BRG1-TERT axis. MLT might be used as a complimentary agent for alcoholics.
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12
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Gao B, Zhu Y, Shen W, Stärkel P, Schnabl B. Correlation between Serum Steroid Hormones and Gut Microbiota in Patients with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111107. [PMID: 36422247 PMCID: PMC9699110 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major public health concern globally. Alterations of steroid hormones and gut microbiota were both found in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. However, their correlation has not been well characterized in these patients. In this study, we measured the level of 30 steroid hormones in serum and fecal samples collected from non-alcoholic controls, patients with alcohol use disorder, and patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. The profile of serum and fecal steroid hormones was quite different in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis from that in patients with alcohol use disorder and control subjects. Stronger alterations were observed in male patients than in females. Correlations were found not only between serum steroids and gut bacteria but also between serum steroids and gut fungi. These correlations need to be taken into consideration during the development of treatment strategies for alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
- Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Weishou Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 211544, China
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Liu Y, Guo LW, Xu HF, Kang RH, Zheng LY, Zhang LY, Chen Q, Sun XB, Qiao YL, Zhang SK. Development and Validation of a Noninvasive Risk Score Model for Liver Cirrhosis in At-Risk Alcohol Drinkers Without HBV/HCV Infection. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:767-776. [PMID: 36083859 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
At-risk alcohol consumption is the established most important risk factor for cirrhosis in people without HBV/HCV infection. We aimed to develop and validate a simple and non-invasive tool for triaging cirrhosis risk in at-risk alcohol drinkers without HBV/HCV infection. A large-sample size, cross-sectional study within the framework of a population-based Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) was conducted. Data on the liver cancer screening in Henan province, China were used. At-risk alcohol drinkers were those who currently drink one or more alcohol units per week for at least six months. A total of 6,581 eligible participants enrolled from October 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were included into the derivation dataset, and 2,096 eligible participants enrolled from January 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018 were included into the external validation dataset, respectively. Using the derivation dataset, a 20-point scale risk score model was developed, based on sex, education background, dietary intake of vegetables, dietary intake of roughage, smoking index, length of secondhand smoke exposure, history of fatty liver, history of diabetes, and first-degree family history of liver cancer. The model showed excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.787; 95% CI, 0.7603-0.812) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: P = 0.123) in the derivation dataset and an optimal cut-off value of 12 yield sensitivity of 61.3%, specificity of 82.7%. The model also had achieved similar performance in the external validation dataset. In conclusion, this model can be a practical tool to identify and triage population at high risk of cirrhosis in at-risk alcohol drinkers without HBV/HCV infection. PREVENTION RELEVANCE The risk model we developed will not only be used as a practical tool to triage high risk groups for liver cirrhosis, but also have implications for public health measures, such as guidelines for the prevention of liver cancer, in at-risk alcohol drinkers without HBV/HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lan-Wei Guo
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fang Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Hua Kang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Yang Zheng
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Bin Sun
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Kai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Warner JB, Zirnheld KH, Hu H, Floyd A, Kong M, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Analysis of alcohol use, consumption of micronutrient and macronutrients, and liver health in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2025-2040. [PMID: 36124871 PMCID: PMC9722540 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a major global healthcare burden that contributes to numerous adverse health outcomes, including liver disease. Many factors influence individual susceptibility to alcohol-associated diseases, including nutritional factors. The objective of the current study was to examine inter-relations among alcohol, dietary micronutrients and macronutrient consumption, and liver health by analyzing data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Based on self-reported alcohol consumption, NHANES respondents were assigned to one of four categories: never drinkers (lifetime abstainers), non-drinkers (past-year abstainers), moderate drinkers (1/2 drinks per day for females/males, respectively), and heavy drinkers (>1/>2 drinks per day for females/males, respectively, and/or frequent binge drinking). Survey-weighted regression analyses (adjusted for gender, age, race, education, and body mass index) were performed to examine associations between alcohol intake, dietary, and liver health characteristics. RESULTS Individuals categorized as heavy drinkers were significantly younger, most often well-educated males with low incidences of diabetes and other comorbidities. They consumed the most overall calories and various micronutrients, indicating a diet that was not necessarily nutrient poor. Neither moderate nor heavy drinkers had liver steatosis or fibrosis as measured by liver elastography, although heavy drinkers had modestly elevated plasma biomarkers of liver injury, including ALT, AST, and GGT, compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the category of heavy drinkers in the 2017-2018 NHANES consisted of generally healthy individuals with high-energy intake and no evidence of liver steatosis or fibrosis. However, slightly increased plasma liver markers may indicate a risk of future progression to more advanced stages of liver disease over time in some individuals. Several limitations should be considered when interpreting these data, including the potential misclassification of drinking categories and the lack of standardized cutoff scores for fatty liver as assessed by elastography, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Kara H. Zirnheld
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Huirong Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Alison Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
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15
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Sayaf K, Gabbia D, Russo FP, De Martin S. The Role of Sex in Acute and Chronic Liver Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810654. [PMID: 36142565 PMCID: PMC9505609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic hepatic damages are caused by xenobiotics or different diseases affecting the liver, characterized by different etiologies and pathological features. It has been demonstrated extensively that liver damage progresses differently in men and women, and some chronic liver diseases show a more favorable prognosis in women than in men. This review aims to update the most recent advances in the comprehension of the molecular basis of the sex difference observed in both acute and chronic liver damage. With this purpose, we report experimental studies on animal models and clinical observations investigating both acute liver failure, e.g., drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and chronic liver diseases, e.g., viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale—Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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16
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Bourlière M. Women and liver: Is woman the future of man? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101918. [PMID: 35398565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bourlière
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France.
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17
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Schonfeld M, Averilla J, Gunewardena S, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Alcohol-associated fibrosis in females is mediated by female-specific activation of lysine demethylases KDM5B and KDM5C. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2042-2057. [PMID: 35468265 PMCID: PMC9315128 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of alcohol-related mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not fully understood. Recently we found that liver molecular pathways are altered by alcohol consumption differently in males and females. We were able to associate these sex-specific pathways with two upstream regulators: H3K4-specific demethylase enzymes KDM5B and KDM5C. Mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet for 3 weeks or a combination of a high-fat diet with alcohol in water for 16 weeks (western diet alcohol model [WDA] model). To assess the role of histone demethylases, mice were treated with AAV-shControl, AAV-shKdm5b, and/or AAV-shKdm5c and/or AAV-shAhR vectors. Gene expression and epigenetic changes after Kdm5b/5c knockdown were assessed by RNA-sequencing and H3K4me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. We found that less than 5% of genes affected by Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown were common between males and females. In females, Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown prevented fibrosis development in mice fed the WDA alcohol diet for 16 weeks and decreased fibrosis-associated gene expression in mice fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet. In contrast, fibrosis was not affected by Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown in males. We found that KDM5B and KDM5C promote fibrosis in females through down-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway components in hepatic stellate cells. Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown resulted in an up-regulation of Ahr, Arnt, and Aip in female but not in male mice, thus preventing fibrosis development. Ahr knockdown in combination with Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown restored profibrotic gene expression. Conclusion: KDM5 demethylases contribute to differences between males and females in the alcohol response in the liver. The KDM5/AhR axis is a female-specific mechanism of fibrosis development in alcohol-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Janice Averilla
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Liver CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
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18
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Li DM, Wu YX, Hu ZQ, Wang TC, Zhang LL, Zhou Y, Tong X, Xu JY, Qin LQ. Lactoferrin Prevents Chronic Alcoholic Injury by Regulating Redox Balance and Lipid Metabolism in Female C57BL/6J Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081508. [PMID: 36009227 PMCID: PMC9405310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of lactoferrin (Lf) on chronic alcoholic liver injury (ALI) in female mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON), ethanol administration group (EtOH), low-dose Lf treatment group (LLf), and high-dose Lf group (HLf). In the last three groups, chronic ALI was induced by administering 20% ethanol ad libitum for 12 weeks. Mice in the CON and EtOH groups were fed with AIN-93G diet. Meanwhile, 0.4% and 4% casein in the AIN-93G diet were replaced by Lf as the diets of LLf and HLf groups, respectively. HLf significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride content and improved pathological morphology. HLf could inhibit cytochrome P450 2E1 overexpression and promote alcohol dehydrogenase-1 expression. HLf activated protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as upregulating nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 expression to elevate hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities. AMPK activation also benefited hepatic lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, HLf had no obvious beneficial effects on gut microbiota. In summary, Lf could alleviate chronic ALI in female mice, which was associated with redox balance and lipid metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yun-Xuan Wu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tian-Ci Wang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xing Tong
- Laboratory Center, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.X.); (L.-Q.Q.)
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; (D.-M.L.); (Y.-X.W.); (Z.-Q.H.); (T.-C.W.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.X.); (L.-Q.Q.)
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19
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Schonfeld M, Averilla J, Gunewardena S, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Male-Specific Activation of Lysine Demethylases 5B and 5C Mediates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Hepatocyte Dedifferentiation. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1373-1391. [PMID: 35084807 PMCID: PMC9134811 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of alcohol-related mortality. Sex differences in sensitivity to ALD are well described, but these are often disregarded in studies of ALD development. We aimed to define sex-specific pathways in liver exposed to alcohol. Mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet or a combination of a high-fat diet with alcohol in water. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was performed on liver cells from male and female mice. Mice were treated with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-short hairpin (sh)Control or AAV-sh lysine demethylase 5b (shKdm5b) and/or AAV-shKdm5c vectors. Changes after Kdm5b/5c knockdown were assessed by RNA-Seq and histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4)me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis. Using scRNA-Seq analysis, we found several sex-specific pathways induced by alcohol, including pathways related to lipid metabolism and hepatocyte differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that two epigenetic regulators, H3K4-specific lysine demethylases KDM5B and KDM5C, contribute to sex differences in alcohol effects. We found that in alcohol-fed male mice, KDM5B and KDM5C are involved in hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (Hnf4a) down-regulation, hepatocyte dedifferentiation, and an increase in fatty acid synthesis. This effect is mediated by alcohol-induced KDM5B and KDM5C recruitment to Hnf4a and other gene promoters in male but not in female mice. Kdm5b and Kdm5c knockdown or KDM5-inhibitor treatment prevented alcohol-induced lipid accumulation and restored levels of Hnf4a and other hepatocyte differentiation genes in male mice. In addition, Kdm5b knockdown prevented hepatocellular carcinoma development in male mice by up-regulating Hnf4a and decreasing tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion: Alcohol specifically activates KDM5 demethylases in male mice to promote alcohol-induced hepatocyte dedifferentiation and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Janice Averilla
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Liver CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
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20
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Joshi AD, Thinakaran G, Elferink C. Cinnabarinic Acid-Induced Stanniocalcin 2 Confers Cytoprotection against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:1-11. [PMID: 35078862 PMCID: PMC8998678 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified upregulation of a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene, stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), by an endogenous AhR agonist, cinnabarinic acid (CA). STC2 is a disulfide-linked homodimeric secreted glycoprotein that plays a role in various physiologic processes, including cell metabolism, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, calcium regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Our previous studies have confirmed that CA-induced AhR-dependent STC2 expression was able to confer cytoprotection both in vitro and in vivo in response to injury induced by variety of ER/oxidative insults. Here, we used mouse models of chronic and acute ethanol feeding and demonstrated that upregulation of STC2 by CA was critical for cytoprotection. In STC2 knockout mice (STC2-/-), CA failed to protect against both acute as well as chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced liver injury, whereas re-expression of STC2 in the liver using in vivo gene delivery restored cytoprotection against injury based on measures of apoptosis and serum levels of liver enzymes, underlining STC2's indispensable function in cell survival. In conclusion, the identification of STC2 as an AhR target gene receptive to CA-mediated endogenous AhR signaling and STC2's role in providing cytoprotection against liver injury represents a key finding with potentially significant therapeutic implications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We recently identified stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) as a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene regulated by endogenous AhR agonist and tryptophan metabolite, cinnabarinic acid (CA). Here, we showed that CA-induced STC2 expression conferred cytoprotection against apoptosis, steatosis, and liver injury in chronic as well as acute models of ethanol feeding. Therefore, this study will prove instrumental in developing CA as a promising lead compound for future drug development against hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya D Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (A.D.J.); Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (G.T.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.E.)
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (A.D.J.); Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (G.T.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.E.)
| | - Cornelis Elferink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (A.D.J.); Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (G.T.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.E.)
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21
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Köhler N, Höring M, Czepukojc B, Rose TD, Buechler C, Kröhler T, Haybaeck J, Liebisch G, Pauling JK, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Kupffer cells are protective in alcoholic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Edwards AC, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Kendler KS, Larsson Lönn S. Genetic and environmental influences on the progression from alcohol use disorder to alcohol-related medical conditions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2528-2535. [PMID: 34923650 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical conditions related to alcohol use disorders (AUD) represent a substantial public health concern. However, only a subset of individuals with AUD develop these conditions and the extent to which genetic and environmental factors that are shared with AUD, versus those distinct from it, contribute to this progression has not yet been determined. METHODS Using data from Swedish national registries for a cohort born from 1932 to 1970 (N = 1,319,214, 48.9% women), we conducted twin-sibling biometric model fitting to examine the genetic and environmental sources of variance that contribute to the liability to alcohol-related medical conditions (AMC). Progression to AMC, determined using medical registry data, was contingent on an AUD registration, which was determined using medical and criminal registry data. RESULTS We identified AUD registrations in 3.2% of women and 9.2% of men. Among individuals with an AUD registration, 14.4% of women and 15.4% of men had an AMC registration. In the final models, we constrained the beta pathway from AUD to AMC and the genetic and unique environmental paths to be equal across sexes. The beta path was estimated at 0.59. AMC was modestly heritable in women (A = 0.32) and men (A = 0.30). The proportion of total heritability unique to AMC was 39.6% among women and 41.3% among men. A higher proportion of total environmental variance was unique to AMC: 76.7% for women and 77.2% for men. In a sensitivity analysis limited to liver-related AMC, we observed similar results, with a slightly lower beta path from AUD to AMC (0.46) and higher proportions of AMC-specific genetic (70.0% in women; 71.7% in men) and environmental (84.5% in both sexes) variance. CONCLUSIONS A moderate-to-substantial proportion of genetic and environmental variance that contributes to AMC risk is not shared with AUD, underscoring the need for additional gene identification efforts for AMC. Furthermore, the prominent influence of environmental factors specific to AMC provides a promising area for the identification of prevention targets. We did not observe significant sex differences in the etiology of AMC, although follow-up is warranted in other well-powered studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Larsson Lönn
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Li D, Hu Z, He Q, Guo Y, Chong Y, Xu J, Qin L. Lactoferrin Alleviates Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury by Improving Redox-Stress Response Capacity in Female C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14856-14867. [PMID: 34873911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) can attenuate alcoholic liver injury (ALI) in male mice; however, the effects of Lf on acute ALI in female mice are still unknown. Female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed with different diets for 4 weeks: an AIN-93G diet for control (CON) and ethanol (EtOH) groups; an AIN-93G diet with 0.4 and 4% casein replaced by Lf for low-dose Lf (LLf) and high-dose Lf (HLf) groups. Acute ALI was induced by intragastric administration of ethanol (4.8 g/kgbw) every 12 h continuously for three times. HLf had obvious alleviating effects on acute ALI. Lf pretreatment did not affect hepatic alcohol metabolism key enzymes. Meanwhile, the ethanol-induced hepatic reactive oxygen species level increase was not ameliorated by Lf. Metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis results suggested an important role of redox-stress response capacity (RRC). Western blots showed HLf-promoted AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase activations and upregulated Nrf2 and LC3-II expressions, which was associated with RRC improvement. In summary, HLf could prevent acute ALI in female mice, and RRC likely played an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yu Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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24
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Hashemi L, Zhang Q, Getahun D, Jasuja GK, McCracken C, Pisegna J, Roblin D, Silverberg MJ, Tangpricha V, Vupputuri S, Goodman M. Longitudinal Changes in Liver Enzyme Levels Among Transgender People Receiving Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1662-1675. [PMID: 37057433 PMCID: PMC8444147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: The effect of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on clinical laboratory parameters, including levels of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), is an area of uncertainty in transgender health. Aim: We sought to estimate the distribution parameters of liver enzyme levels among transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) persons receiving GAHT relative to the corresponding measures in cisgender reference groups, and to evaluate longitudinal changes in these laboratory measures following GAHT initiation. Methods: The data for this longitudinal study included 624 TF and 438 transmasculine (TM) people as well as 4,090 cisgender males and 4,797 cisgender females enrolled in 3 integrated health systems. Time under observation was divided into 2 intervals: from the first blood test to the date of the first filled GAHT prescription and from GAHT initiation to the most recent ALT or AST measurement. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in log-transformed ALT and AST values among transgender cohort members before and after GAHT initiation, and relative to the reference groups. The results were expressed as relative differences (in %) and the ratios of these differences (ratios-of-ratios) along with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Outcomes: Changes in ALT and AST levels among transgender people over time and relative to the corresponding changes in cisgender referents. Results: Among TM study participants, the post GAHT ratios-of-ratios for AST were 1.61 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.31) and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.31) relative to cisgender males and females respectively. For ALT, the corresponding comparisons yielded the ratios-of-ratios (95% CIs) of 2.06 (1.67, 2.54) and 1.90 (1.50, 2.40). No statistically significant changes were observed among TF participants. Other factors associated with higher liver enzyme levels included alcohol use/abuse and obesity. Clinical Implications: TM persons may experience modest increases in ALT and AST concentrations following testosterone initiation; however, clinical significance of the observed association remains unclear and requires further investigation. By contrast, feminizing GAHT is unlikely to induce appreciable changes in liver enzyme levels. Strength and Limitations: The strengths of this study are the longitudinal design and the ability to assemble an unselected cohort nested within large health systems. The main limitations include the lack of information on hormone levels and the inability to take into account GAHT doses and routes of administration. Conclusion: The influence of long-term GAHT on ALT and AST levels appears modest and not likely to reflect clinically meaningful changes in liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hashemi
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of General Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Darios Getahun
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Guneet K Jasuja
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Edith Nourse Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA; Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Pisegna
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Department of General Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Roblin
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlanta States, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Vin Tangpricha
- Department of Endocrinology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suma Vupputuri
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlanta States, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
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25
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Chen X, Xu Y, Denning KL, Grigore A, Lu Y. PPARα agonist WY-14,643 enhances ethanol metabolism in mice: Role of catalase. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:283-293. [PMID: 33892114 PMCID: PMC8504580 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a fatty acid oxidation regulator, inhibits alcohol-induced fatty liver (AFL). PPARα agonist WY-14,643 ameliorates AFL. Nicotine enhances AFL. In this study, we investigated whether PPARα activation also blocks nicotine-enhanced AFL. Mice were fed liquid diets containing ethanol in the presence or absence of nicotine, WY-14,643 was added to the above diets at 10 mg/L. The results showed that WY-14,643 blunted AFL and nicotine-enhanced AFL, which was paralleled with striking induction of PPARα target genes. However, serum ALT was dramatically increased by the ethanol/WY-14,643 feeding and was further increased by nicotine/ethanol/WY-14,643 feeding, which was confirmed by necro-inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. Interestingly, serum alcohol levels were dramatically decreased by WY-14,643. Ethanol is mainly metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and catalase. ADH and CYP2E1 were not increased by WY-14,643, but catalase was induced. What is more, injection of catalase inhibitor increased serum ethanol. Decreased serum alcohol, attenuated fatty liver, and enhanced liver injury were not induced by WY-14,643 in mice lacking PPARα. In conclusion, PPARα activation by WY-14,643 attenuates alcohol/nicotine-induced fatty liver but deteriorates ethanol/nicotine-induced liver injury; WY-14,643 enhances ethanol metabolism via induction of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Audrey Grigore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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26
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Liu SX, Du YC, Zeng T. A mini-review of the rodent models for alcoholic liver disease: shortcomings, application, and future prospects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:523-530. [PMID: 34141166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the most common models in studies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although several rodents ALD models have been established and multiple mechanisms have been elucidated based on them, these models have some non-negligible shortcomings, specifically only inducing early stage (mainly steatosis, slight to moderate steatohepatitis) but not the whole spectrum of human ALD. The resistance of rodents to advanced ALD has been suggested to be due to the physiological differences between rodents and human beings. Previous studies have reported significant interstrain differences in the susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver injury and in the manifestation of ALD (such as different alteration of lipid profiles). Therefore, it would be interesting to characterize the manifestation of ethanol-induced liver damage in various rodents, which may provide a recommendation to investigators of ALD. Furthermore, more severe ALD models need to be established for the study of serious ALD forms, which may be achieved by using genetic modified rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yan-Chao Du
- Jinan Institute for Product Quality Inspection, 1311 Longao Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250102, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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27
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Kezer CA, Simonetto DA, Shah VH. Sex Differences in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1006-1016. [PMID: 33714602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the United States. Previously alcohol-associated liver disease was known to affect men more often than women; however, this gap between the sexes is narrowing. Studies show that women develop liver disease with lesser alcohol exposure and suffer worse disease as compared with men. This review article explores the increasing prevalence of alcohol-associated liver disease in women, reasons for changing patterns in alcohol consumption and liver disease development including obesity and bariatric surgery, proposed mechanisms of sex-specific differences in alcohol metabolism that may account for this discrepancy between men and women, and sex differences in treatment enrollment and response. Studies were identified by performing a literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar and through review of the references in retrieved articles. Search terms included alcohol-associated liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, sex, gender, female, epidemiology, bariatric surgery, obesity, treatment. Due to the paucity of literature on some of the relevant subject matter and inclusion of landmark studies, no date range was selected. Studies were included if their methods were sufficiently robust and they made a comparison between the sexes that is clinically relevant. Understanding of the changing epidemiology and mechanisms of liver disease development unique to women are paramount in creating appropriate and effective interventions for women who represent a rapidly growing subset of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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28
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Sex differences in the neuroanatomy of alcohol dependence: hippocampus and amygdala subregions in a sample of 966 people from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:156. [PMID: 33664226 PMCID: PMC7933136 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females with alcohol dependence have distinct mental health and cognitive problems. Animal models of addiction postulate that the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are partially distinct, but there is little evidence of sex differences in humans with alcohol dependence as most neuroimaging studies have been conducted in males. We examined hippocampal and amygdala subregions in a large sample of 966 people from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. This comprised 643 people with alcohol dependence (225 females), and a comparison group of 323 people without alcohol dependence (98 females). Males with alcohol dependence had smaller volumes of the total amygdala and its basolateral nucleus than male controls, that exacerbated with alcohol dose. Alcohol dependence was also associated with smaller volumes of the hippocampus and its CA1 and subiculum subfield volumes in both males and females. In summary, hippocampal and amygdalar subregions may be sensitive to both shared and distinct mechanisms in alcohol-dependent males and females.
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29
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Sheriff L, Khan RS, Saborano R, Wilkin R, Luu NT, Gunther UL, Hubscher SG, Newsome PN, Lalor PF. Alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disturbance in female mice: a more tractable model than Nrf2-/- animals. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046383. [PMID: 33067186 PMCID: PMC7790192 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the dramatic acute presentation of alcoholic liver disease, with a 15% mortality rate within 28 days in severe cases. Research into AH has been hampered by the lack of effective and reproducible murine models that can be operated under different regulatory frameworks internationally. The liquid Lieber-deCarli (LdC) diet has been used as a means of ad libitum delivery of alcohol but without any additional insult, and is associated with relatively mild liver injury. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects against oxidative stress, and mice deficient in this molecule are suggested to be more sensitive to alcohol-induced injury. We have established a novel model of AH in mice and compared the nature of liver injury in C57/BL6 wild-type (WT) versus Nrf2-/- mice. Our data showed that both WT and Nrf2-/- mice demonstrate robust weight loss, and an increase in serum transaminase, steatosis and hepatic inflammation when exposed to diet and ethanol. This is accompanied by an increase in peripheral blood and hepatic myeloid cell populations, fibrogenic response and compensatory hepatocyte regeneration. We also noted characteristic disturbances in hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Importantly, use of Nrf2-/- mice did not increase hepatic injury responses in our hands, and female WT mice exhibited a more-reproducible response. Thus, we have demonstrated that this simple murine model of AH can be used to induce an injury that recreates many of the key human features of AH - without the need for challenging surgical procedures to administer ethanol. This will be valuable for understanding of the pathogenesis of AH, for testing new therapeutic treatments or devising metabolic approaches to manage patients whilst in medical care.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lozan Sheriff
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Reenam S Khan
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Raquel Saborano
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Wilkin
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nguyet-Thin Luu
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ulrich L Gunther
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan G Hubscher
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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30
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Alharshawi K, Fey H, Vogle A, Klenk T, Kim M, Aloman C. Sex specific effect of alcohol on hepatic plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107166. [PMID: 33199233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease includes a spectrum of clinical and histological entities. They result from the combined direct effect of alcohol and its metabolites on immune cells and resident tissue cells. In humans and mice, females are more susceptible to alcoholic liver injury than males. Despite being involved in sex specific differences of immune mediated tissue injury, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have not been thoroughly assessed as a cellular target of alcohol in humans or mice. Therefore, Meadows-Cook diet was used to study alcohol effect on hepatic dendritic cells. Alcohol consumption for 12 weeks increased hepatic pDCs in female mice. The expression of the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) increased in hepatic pDC of alcohol-fed female mice. Bone marrow transplant chimera showed CCR2 dependent bone marrow egress of pDCs. Chronic alcohol exposure has a sex specific effect on hepatic pDCs population that may explain sex differences to alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alharshawi
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Holger Fey
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alyx Vogle
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tori Klenk
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Miran Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Costica Aloman
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Section of Hepatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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31
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Valcin JA, Udoh US, Swain TM, Andringa KK, Patel CR, Al Diffalha S, Baker PRS, Gamble KL, Bailey SM. Alcohol and Liver Clock Disruption Increase Small Droplet Macrosteatosis, Alter Lipid Metabolism and Clock Gene mRNA Rhythms, and Remodel the Triglyceride Lipidome in Mouse Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1048. [PMID: 33013449 PMCID: PMC7504911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol drinking dysregulates lipid metabolism, promoting hepatic steatosis – the first stage of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The molecular circadian clock plays a major role in synchronizing daily rhythms in behavior and metabolism and clock disruption can cause pathology, including liver disease. Previous studies indicate that alcohol consumption alters liver clock function, but the impact alcohol or clock disruption, or both have on the temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and injury remains unclear. Here, we undertook studies to determine whether genetic disruption of the liver clock exacerbates alterations in lipid metabolism and worsens steatosis in alcohol-fed mice. To address this question, male liver-specific Bmal1 knockout (LKO) and flox/flox (Fl/Fl) control mice were fed a control or alcohol-containing diet for 5 weeks. Alcohol significantly dampened diurnal rhythms of mRNA levels in clock genes Bmal1 and Dbp, phase advanced Nr1d1/REV-ERBα, and induced arrhythmicity in Clock, Noct, and Nfil3/E4BP4, with further disruption in livers of LKO mice. Alcohol-fed LKO mice exhibited higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and different time-of-day patterns of hepatic TG and macrosteatosis, with elevated levels of small droplet macrosteatosis compared to alcohol-fed Fl/Fl mice. Diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of lipid metabolism transcription factors (Srebf1, Nr1h2, and Ppara) were significantly altered by alcohol and clock disruption. Alcohol and/or clock disruption significantly altered diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and oxidation (Acaca/b, Mlycd, Cpt1a, Fasn, Elovl5/6, and Fads1/2), TG turnover (Gpat1, Agpat1/2, Lpin1/2, Dgat2, and Pnpla2/3), and lipid droplet (Plin2/5, Lipe, Mgll, and Abdh5) genes, along with protein abundances of p-ACC, MCD, and FASN. Lipidomics analyses showed that alcohol, clock disruption, or both significantly altered FA saturation and remodeled the FA composition of the hepatic TG pool, with higher percentages of several long and very long chain FA in livers of alcohol-fed LKO mice. In conclusion, these results show that the liver clock is important for maintaining temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and that disrupting the liver clock exacerbates alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Valcin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Uduak S Udoh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Telisha M Swain
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelly K Andringa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Feretis T, Katselis C, Papanikolaou IG, Apostolou K, Tsikalakis S, Toutouzas KG, Theodoropoulos G, Trigka EA, Saetta AA, Alexakis N, Konstandoulakis M, Tsarea K, Karamperi M, Kletsas D, Patsouris E, Manouras A, Zografos GC, Papalois A. ATSC transplantation contributes to liver regeneration following paracetamol-induced acute liver injury through differentiation into hepatic-like cells. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2020; 9:36-56. [PMID: 32699656 PMCID: PMC7364386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of acute liver injury (ALI). Acetaminophen (also termed paracetamol), can often be found in drugs that may be abused (i.e., prescription for pain relief). Animal experiments have shown that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can ameliorate or even reverse hepatic injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS ALI was induced in Wistar rats using paracetamol. ATSCs were transplanted via the intravenous, portal vein, or intrahepatic route directly onto the liver parenchyma. Histological evaluation was conducted to assess drug-induced injury following transplantation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to verify the location of stem cells on the liver parenchyma. The effect of those cells on liver regeneration was tested by immunohistochemistry for hepatic growth factor (HGF). In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess hepatic growth factor (HGF), hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA expression. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining for HGF was stronger in the transplanted groups than that in the control group (P<0.001). HNF4α and HGF mRNA levels were increased on day 7 following transplantation (P<0.001 and P=0.009, respectively). CYP1A2 mRNA levels were also increased (P=0.013) in the intravenous groups, while AFP levels were higher in the intrahepatic groups (P=0.006). ATSC transplantation attenuates ALI injury and promotes liver regeneration. Furthermore, expression of specific hepatic enzymes points to ATSC hepatic differentiation. CONCLUSION The study showed the positive effects of transplanted adipose tissue stem cells (ATSCs) on liver regeneration (LG) through hepatotrophic factors. Furthermore, increased expression of hepatic specific proteins was recorded in ATSC transplanted groups that indicate stem cells differentiation into hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Feretis
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
| | - Charalampos Katselis
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Papanikolaou
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Apostolou
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
| | - Spyridon Tsikalakis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Toutouzas
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Andrianna Trigka
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Angelica A Saetta
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Nicholas Alexakis
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Manousos Konstandoulakis
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Tsarea
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
| | - Maria Karamperi
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Ageing, Institute of Biology NCSR ‘Demokritos’Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Andreas Manouras
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Georgios C Zografos
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- 1 Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio HospitalAthens 11527, Greece
- Experimental, Educational Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals190 09 Pikermi, Greece
- European University Cyprus, Medical SchoolNicosia 2404, Cyprus
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Acute alcohol consumption alters the peripheral cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. Alcohol 2020; 85:95-99. [PMID: 31759072 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute alcohol consumption triggers release of cytokines, which are immune signaling molecules. Dysregulated cytokine levels are associated with impaired immune function, and peripheral cytokine levels may communicate with the brain to propagate drinking-related behaviors. This exploratory study aims to characterize the peripheral cytokine response to an alcohol challenge in a well-controlled laboratory setting. METHODS Moderate alcohol drinkers (n = 17), abstinent for >5 days, consumed alcohol calibrated to achieve blood concentrations of 120 mg/dL. Serum cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α) were measured prior to drinking, 6 h after drinking, and 24 h after drinking. Linear mixed models evaluated within-subject differences in cytokine levels over time. RESULTS The pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 significantly increased 6 h after alcohol [F(1,34) = 4.13, p = 0.0002, d' = 0.5]. In contrast, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α significantly decreased 6 h after alcohol [F(1,34) = -3.07, p = 0.004, d' = 0.3]. No cytokines were significantly different from baseline 24 h after alcohol. CONCLUSIONS In our exploratory data, acute alcohol challenge (120 mg/dL) elicits dynamic changes in the pro-inflammatory molecules IL-8 and TNF-α. The findings help inform the temporal profile of cytokine response to alcohol, and identify IL-8 as a cytokine of interest for future studies of periphery-brain immune communication.
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Ma X, Zhou Y, Qiao B, Jiang S, Shen Q, Han Y, Liu A, Chen X, Wei L, Zhou L, Zhao J. Androgen aggravates liver fibrosis by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in CCl 4-induced liver injury mouse model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E817-E829. [PMID: 32182125 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00427.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that there are differences between the sexes regarding to the occurrence and development of liver diseases, which may be associated with sex hormones. However, the mechanisms behind it are largely unknown. In this study, we first investigated the differences of liver injury between male and female mice, using the CCl4-induced liver injury mouse model. It showed that the liver damage of male mice was much more severe than that of female mice. Both the acute injury and fibrosis of the liver were reduced when androgens were depleted by castration of male mice. The vulnerability of male liver was associated with testis endocrine and excessive activation of inflammatory response in the liver. Castrated male mice with testosterone supplementation showed aggravated liver inflammatory response and fibrosis. The activity of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was increased when testosterone supplementation was provided. However, the enhanced inflammatory response and fibrosis due to testosterone supplementation were negated by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 using the specific small molecule inhibitor MCC950. It suggests that testosterone is a key factor that influences liver injury by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ma
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Animal Center in College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingke Qiao
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songhong Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yuzhu Han
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anfang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuequn Chen
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leiting Wei
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Animal Center in College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Cislaghi B, Weber AM, Gupta GR, Darmstadt GL. Gender equality and global health: intersecting political challenges. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010701. [PMID: 32257161 PMCID: PMC7101083 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women’s and men’s health outcomes are different. Some differences are biological, related to male and female sex, while others are related to their gender. Sex- and gender-related issues require different solutions, but policy makers lack straightforward heuristic strategies to identify gender-related health inequities. Methods Using 169 causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, we calculated the female-to-male (f:m) and male-to-female (m:f) ratios of global DALYs, rank-ordered the ratios by size and calculated the proportion of all-cause DALYs that each cause explained, separately for males and females 15-49 years old. Gender-related vs sex-related causes were categorised using literature on the drivers for the 15 causes with highest f:m and m:f ratios. Results Causes of DALYs with high m:f ratios appear to be gendered and include: road injuries, interpersonal violence, and drowning – totaling 12.4% of men’s (15-49 years) all-cause DALYs. However, causes of DALYs with high f:m ratios are more likely a mix of sex-related and gender-related factors – including headache disorders, depressive disorders, and dietary iron deficiency – totaling 13.4% of women’s (15-49 years) all-cause DALYs. Ratios vary by age, geography and Socio-demographic Index. Conclusions Gender-related vs sex-related causes were categorised using available literature on the drivers for selected causes, illustrating that sex-disaggregated data represents a mix of social and biological influences. This analysis offers a model that policy makers can use to uncover potential gender inequalities in health, including intersections with other social factors. From it, new challenges emerge for global health policy makers and practitioners willing to address them. Global health actors will need to achieve a balance between the two agendas of global health and gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Cislaghi
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ann M Weber
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Caroli D, Rosa-Rizzotto E, Pilerci C, Lobello S, De Lazzari F, Saia M. Falling Rates of Hospital Admissions for Alcoholic Liver Disease in Northeast Italy: A Retrospective Study on a Large Database. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:662-666. [PMID: 31566688 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe recent trends in hospital admission rates for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in the Veneto region of Italy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study is based on anonymous hospital discharge records (HDRs) for 2000-2017 from all public and accredited private hospitals operating within the context of the Regional (Veneto) Health Services that are conserved in National/Regional database. It examined the HDR's of all the hospitalizations of the residents of the Veneto region that were registered under an ALD diagnosis. These were classified under three subheadings: acute alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 'other ALD'. RESULTS During 2000-2017, 30,089 hospital admissions (out of a total regional population of 4,900,000) were registered for ALD. Hospitalization stratified by age showed that the percentage attributable to acute alcoholic hepatitis is higher in younger age groups: 42% in 15-24-year-old (odds ratios (ORs): 14.74; CI95%: 7-30.86; P < 0.000) and 15% in the 25-44-year-old (OR: 3.51; CI95%: 3.12-3.94; P < 0.000). A longitudinal analysis of hospitalization patterns showed a 7% increase in average age in both sexes (from 58.8 ± 9.2 to 62.4 ± 9.7) and a substantial decrease (63.5%) in standardized hospitalization rates (HRs, χ2 trend: 4099.827; P < 0.000) and a smaller decrease (47%) in standardized mortality rates (χ2 trend: 89.563; P < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The fall in the overall ALD-related HR in the Veneto region can be explained by a decrease in population alcohol consumption. Increase in the HRs for acute alcoholic hepatitis in the age group 15-44 suggests an ongoing need for strategies to prevent alcohol abuse by young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Caroli
- Gastroenterology Unit, St. Anthony Hospital, Local Health Unit 6, Padova, Italy
| | - Erik Rosa-Rizzotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, St. Anthony Hospital, Local Health Unit 6, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Franca De Lazzari
- Gastroenterology Unit, St. Anthony Hospital, Local Health Unit 6, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Saia
- Medical Directorate, Local Health Unit 6, Padova, Italy
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Zirnheld KH, Warner DR, Warner JB, Hardesty JE, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tsai YC, Wu SC, Huang JF, Kuo SCH, Rau CS, Chien PC, Hsieh HY, Hsieh CH. The effect of lowering the legal blood alcohol concentration limit on driving under the influence (DUI) in southern Taiwan: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026481. [PMID: 31005931 PMCID: PMC6528014 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to profile the epidemiological changes of driving under the influence (DUI) in southern Taiwan after the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit was lowered from 50 to 30 mg/dL in 2013. SETTING Level 1 trauma medical centre in southern Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Data from 7447 patients (4375 males and 3072 females) were retrieved from the trauma registry system of a single trauma centre to examine patient characteristics (gender, age and BAC), clinical outcome variables (Abbreviated Injury Score, Injury Severity Score and mortality) and vehicular crash-related factors (vehicle type, airbag use in car crashes, helmet use in motorcycle crashes and time of crash) before and after the BAC limit change. RESULTS Our results indicated that the percentage of DUI patients significantly declined from 10.99% (n=373) to 6.64% (n=269) after the BAC limit was lowered. Airbag use in car crashes (OR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.88, p=0.007) and helmet use in motorcycle crashes (OR: 0.20, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.26, p<0.001) was lower in DUI patients compared with non-DUI patients after the BAC limit change, with significant negative correlation. DUI behaviour increased crash mortality risk before the BAC limit change (OR: 4.33, 95% CI 2.20 to 8.54), and even more so after (OR: 5.60, 95% CI 3.16 to 9.93). The difference in ORs for mortality before and after the change in the BAC legal limit was not significant (p=0.568). CONCLUSION This study revealed that lowering the BAC limit to 30 mg/dL significantly reduced the number of DUI events, but failed to result in a significant reduction in mortality in these trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Fu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Spencer C H Kuo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyuan Rau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chen Chien
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li YM, Fan JG. Guidelines of prevention and treatment for alcoholic liver disease (2018, China). J Dig Dis 2019; 20:174-180. [PMID: 30450822 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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Mancina RM, Ferri F, Farcomeni A, Molinaro A, Maffongelli A, Mischitelli M, Poli E, Parlati L, Burza MA, De Santis A, Attilia F, Rotondo C, Rando MM, Attilia ML, Ceccanti M, Ginanni Corradini S. A two gene-based risk score predicts alcoholic cirrhosis development in males with at-risk alcohol consumption. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:1-10. [PMID: 30666147 PMCID: PMC6330982 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s187922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcoholic cirrhosis represents 1% of all cause-of-deaths worldwide. Its incidence is higher in males and results from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Among all the genetic determinants of alcoholic cirrhosis, the patatin-like phospholipase domain protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 represents the most widely validated determinant. Recent cross-sectional studies on alcohol abusers identified transmembrane-6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926, membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) rs641738, and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) rs2569190 as new genetic risk factors for alcoholic cirrhosis. We aimed to develop a gene-based risk score to predict the incidence of alcoholic cirrhosis in males with at-risk alcohol consumption. Materials and methods A total of 416 male at-risk alcohol drinkers were retrospectively examined. The association between alcoholic cirrhosis incidence and PNPLA3, CD14, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 variants was tested. Age at onset of at-risk alcohol consumption, age, and body mass index (BMI) were included as covariates to determine the prediction score for alcoholic cirrhosis incidence by evaluating time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. Results We found that PNPLA3, CD14, and TM6SF2 were associated with alcoholic cirrhosis prevalence. PNPLA3 and CD14 were also associated with its incidence. The best predictive score formula was (age at onset of at-risk alcohol consumption × 0.1) + (number of CD14 allele T) + (number of PNPLA3 allele M) + (BMI × 0.1). A threshold of 7.27 was identified as cutoff for the predictive risk of alcoholic cirrhosis development in 36 years from the onset of at-risk alcohol consumption with 70.1% sensitivity and 78.7% specificity. Conclusion We developed the first score for alcoholic cirrhosis prediction that combines clinical and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosellina Margherita Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Göteborg, Sweden,
| | - Flaminia Ferri
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Wallenberg Laboratory, Göteborg, Sweden,
| | - Angela Maffongelli
- Department of General Surgery, Urgency and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Edoardo Poli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Lucia Parlati
- Hepatology Department, Université Paris Descartes, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Maria Antonella Burza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adriano De Santis
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Fabio Attilia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Claudia Rotondo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Maria Margherita Rando
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Maria Luisa Attilia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
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Characteristics and Changes over Time of Alcohol-Related Chronic Liver Diseases in Italy. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:9151820. [PMID: 30345260 PMCID: PMC6174739 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9151820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the characteristics of alcohol-related chronic liver disease (CLD) in Italy and their potential changes over time. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects with CLD were enrolled in two national surveys performed in 2001 and in 2014 in Italy. The two surveys prospectively recruited patients aged ≥ 18 years referring to more than 80 Italian liver units scattered all over the country using similar clinical approach, analytical methods, and threshold of risky alcohol intake definition (≥ 3 units/day in men and ≥ 2 units/day in women). RESULTS Out of 12,256 enrolled subjects, 2,717 (22.2%) reported a risky alcohol intake. Of them, anti-HCV positive was observed in 48.3% of subjects. The overall sex ratio (M/F) was 3.1, decreasing from 3.8 in 2001 to 1.3 in 2014. Women were significantly older than men (58.9 versus 53.1 years; p < 0.01) and an increasing ageing over time was observed in both sexes. The proportion of subjects with liver cirrhosis increased over time in both sexes, and decompensated stage (Child B or C) was detected in 55.9% of cases in 2001 and 46.0% in 2014. CONCLUSIONS Risky alcohol intake plays a role in more than one-fifth of CLD in Italy, with a shift over time towards an older age and a more severe liver disease stage. These data put alcohol back in the spotlight with an important role in CLD in the years to come in Italy.
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The murine hepatic sequelae of long-term ethanol consumption are sex-specific and exacerbated by Aldh1b1 loss. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:63-70. [PMID: 29859945 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2018; 69:154-181. [PMID: 29628280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang F, Tipoe GL, Yang C, Nanji AA, Hao X, So KF, Xiao J. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Supplementation Improves Alcoholic Liver Injury in Female Mice by Inhibiting Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800144. [PMID: 29797417 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a water fraction of wolfberry, which has been demonstrated to possess a hepatoprotective effect in several liver disease models. However, the anti-alcoholic liver disease (anti-ALD) mechanism of LBP has not been investigated thoroughly. Its protective effects on both male and femal mice are investigated in the current study. METHODS AND RESULTS A chronic ethanol-fed ALD in vivo model is applied to study the effect of LBP in both male and female mice. It is observed that ethanol causes more severe liver injury in female than male mice, and the ameliorative effects of LBP are also more significant in female mice, which are impaired after complete bilateral oophorectomy. The hepatic SCD1 expression is found to be positively correlated with the severity of the liver damage and the main mediator of LBP inducer of protection. The AMPK-CPT pathway is also activated by LBP to rebalance the dysregulated lipid metabolism during ALD development. By using concurrent sodium palmitate and an ethanol-induced in vitro cell damage model in AML-12 cell line, it is characterized that LBP directly interacts with ERα instead of ERβ to activate the SCD1-AMPK-CPT pathway. CONCLUSIONS LBP is an effective and safe hepatoprotective agent against ALD primarily through the SCD1-AMPK-CPT pathway after ERα agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Amin A Nanji
- School of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H1V, Canada
| | - Xiangfeng Hao
- Yinchuan Bairuiyuan Biotechnology, Yinchuan, 750200, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong.,GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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You C, Vandegrift B, Brodie MS. Ethanol actions on the ventral tegmental area: novel potential targets on reward pathway neurons. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1711-1726. [PMID: 29549390 PMCID: PMC5949141 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) evaluates salience of environmental stimuli and provides dopaminergic innervation to many brain areas affected by acute and chronic ethanol exposure. While primarily associated with rewarding and reinforcing stimuli, recent evidence indicates a role for the VTA in aversion as well. Ethanol actions in the VTA may trigger neuroadaptation resulting in reduction of the aversive responses to alcohol and a relative increase in the rewarding responses. In searching for effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, recognition of this imbalance may reveal novel strategies. In addition to conventional receptor/ion channel pharmacotherapies, epigenetic factors that control neuroadaptation to chronic ethanol treatment can be targeted as an avenue for development of therapeutic approaches to restore the balance. Furthermore, when exploring therapies to address reward/aversion imbalance in the action of alcohol in the VTA, sex differences have to be taken into account to ensure effective treatment for both men and women. These principles apply to a VTA-centric approach to therapies, but should hold true when thinking about the overall approach in the development of neuroactive drugs to treat alcohol use disorders. Although the functions of the VTA itself are complex, it is a useful model system to evaluate the reward/aversion imbalance that occurs with ethanol exposure and could be used to provide new leads in the efforts to develop novel drugs to treat alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang You
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Bertha Vandegrift
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mark S Brodie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Room E-202, M/C 901, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Choi E, Kim W, Joo SK, Park S, Park JH, Kang YK, Jin SY, Chang MS. Expression patterns of STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α are associated with development and histologic severity of hepatic steatosis: a retrospective study. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:23. [PMID: 29615085 PMCID: PMC5883355 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis renders hepatocytes vulnerable to injury, resulting in the progression of preexisting liver disease. Previous animal and cell culture studies implicated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and estrogen-receptor α in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and disease progression. However, to date there have been few studies performed using human liver tissue to study hepatic steatosis. We examined the expression patterns of mTOR, STAT3, ERK and estrogen-receptor α in liver tissues from patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and histomorphological features of 29 patients diagnosed with hepatic steatosis: 18 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 with alcoholic fatty acid disease (AFLD), and a control group (16 biliary cysts and 22 hepatolithiasis). Immunohistochemistry was performed on liver tissue using an automated immunostainer. The histologic severity of hepatic steatosis was evaluated by assessing four key histomorphologic parameters common to NAFLD and AFLD: steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis. RESULTS mTOR, phosphorylated STAT3, phosphorylated pERK, estrogen-receptor α were found to be more frequently expressed in the hepatic steatosis group than in the control group. Specifically, mTOR was expressed in 78% of hepatocytes, and ERK in 100% of hepatic stellate cells, respectively, in patients with NAFLD. Interestingly, estrogen-receptor α was diffusely expressed in hepatocytes in all NALFD cases. Phosphorylated (active) STAT3 was expressed in 73% of hepatocytes and 45% of hepatic stellate cells in patients with AFLD, and phosphorylated (active) ERK was expressed in hepatic stellate cells in all AFLD cases. Estrogen-receptor α was expressed in all AFLD cases (focally in 64% of AFLD cases, and diffusely in 36%). Phosphorylated STAT3 expression in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells correlated with severe lobular inflammation, severe ballooning degeneration and advanced fibrosis, whereas diffusely expressed estrogen-receptor α correlated with a mild stage of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate ERK activation and estrogen-receptor α may be relevant in the development of hepatic steatosis. However, diffuse expression of estrogen-receptor α would appear to impede disease progression, including hepatic fibrosis. Finally, phosphorylated STAT3 may also contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euno Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Mareunnae-ro 9, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Young Jin
- Department of Pathology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, 59 daesagwan-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
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Iwamoto DK, Corbin W, Brady J, Grivel M, Clinton L, Kaya A, Lejuez C. Heavy Episodic Drinking Trajectories Among Underage Young Adult Women: The Role of Feminine Norms. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:551-560. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William Corbin
- Department of Psychology; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Jennifer Brady
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Margaux Grivel
- Department of Public Health; New York University; New York City New York
| | - Lauren Clinton
- Department of Education; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
| | - Aylin Kaya
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Carl Lejuez
- Dean of Liberal Arts and Science; Kansas University; Lawrence Kansas
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48
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Mittal N, Thakore N, Bell RL, Maddox WT, Schallert T, Duvauchelle CL. Sex-specific ultrasonic vocalization patterns and alcohol consumption in high alcohol-drinking (HAD-1) rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 203:81-90. [PMID: 29146494 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been established as an animal model of emotional status and are often utilized in drug abuse studies as motivational and emotional indices. Further USV functionality has been demonstrated in our recent work showing accurate identification of selectively-bred high versus low alcohol-consuming male rats ascertained exclusively from 22 to 28kHz and 50-55kHz FM USV acoustic parameters. With the hypothesis that alcohol-sensitive sex differences could be revealed through USV acoustic parameters, the present study examined USVs and alcohol consumption in male and female selectively bred high-alcohol drinking (HAD-1) rats. For the current study, we examined USV data collected during a 12-week experiment in male and female HAD-1 rats. Experimental phases included Baseline (2weeks), 4-h EtOH Access (4weeks), 24-h EtOH Access (4weeks) and Abstinence (2weeks). Findings showed that both male and female HAD-1 rats spontaneously emitted a large number of 22-28kHz and 50-55kHz FM USVs and that females drank significantly more alcohol compared to males over the entire course of the experiment. Analyses of USV acoustic characteristics (i.e. mean frequency, duration, bandwidth and power) revealed distinct sex-specific phenotypes in both 50-55kHz FM and 22-28kHz USV transmission that were modulated by ethanol exposure. Moreover, by using a linear combination of these acoustic characteristics, we were able to develop binomial logistic regression models able to discriminate between male and female HAD-1 rats with high accuracy. Together these results highlight unique emotional phenotypes in male and female HAD-1 rats that are differentially modulated by alcohol experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mittal
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - N Thakore
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - W T Maddox
- Cognitive Design and Statistical Consulting, LLC, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - T Schallert
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, College of Liberal Arts, Behavioral Neuroscience, 108 E. Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - C L Duvauchelle
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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49
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Vandegrift BJ, You C, Satta R, Brodie MS, Lasek AW. Estradiol increases the sensitivity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons to dopamine and ethanol. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187698. [PMID: 29107956 PMCID: PMC5673180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in psychiatric disorders such as addiction may be modulated by the steroid hormone estrogen. For instance, 17β-estradiol (E2), the predominant form of circulating estrogen in pre-menopausal females, increases ethanol consumption, suggesting that E2 may affect the rewarding properties of ethanol and thus the development of alcohol use disorder in females. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is critically involved in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of ethanol. In order to determine the role of E2 in VTA physiology, gonadally intact female mice were sacrificed during diestrus II (high E2) or estrus (low E2) for electrophysiology recordings. We measured the excitation by ethanol and inhibition by dopamine (DA) of VTA DA neurons and found that both excitation by ethanol and inhibition by dopamine were greater in diestrus II compared with estrus. Treatment of VTA slices from mice in diestrus II with an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) reduced ethanol-stimulated neuronal firing, but had no effect on ethanol-stimulated firing of neurons in slices from mice in estrus. Surprisingly, ICI 182,780 did not affect the inhibition by DA, indicating different mechanisms of action of estrogen receptors in altering ethanol and DA responses. We also examined the responses of VTA DA neurons to ethanol and DA in ovariectomized mice treated with E2 and found that E2 treatment enhanced the responses to ethanol and DA in a manner similar to what we observed in mice in diestrus II. Our data indicate that E2 modulates VTA neuron physiology, which may contribute to both the enhanced reinforcing and rewarding effects of alcohol and the development of other psychiatric disorders in females that involve alterations in DA neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha J. Vandegrift
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chang You
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rosalba Satta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Brodie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amy W. Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Riley AL, Hempel BJ, Clasen MM. Sex as a biological variable: Drug use and abuse. Physiol Behav 2017; 187:79-96. [PMID: 29030249 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of sex as a biological variable is a necessary emphasis across a wide array of endpoints, including basic neuroscience, medicine, mental health, physiology and behavior. The present review summarizes work from clinical and preclinical populations on sex differences in drug use and abuse, ranging from initiation to escalation/dysregulation and from drug cessation/abstinence to relapse. These differences are analyzed in the context of the addiction cycle conceptualization of Koob and his colleagues and address patterns of drug use (binge/intoxication), motivation underlying its use (withdrawal/negative affect) and likelihood and causes of craving and relapse of drug taking (preoccupation/anticipation). Following this overview, an assessment of the basis for the reported sex differences is discussed in the context of the affective (rewarding and aversive) properties of drugs of abuse and how such properties and their balance vary with sex and contribute to drug intake. Finally, the interaction of sex with several experiential (drug history) and subject (age) factors and how these interactions affect reward and aversion are discussed to highlight the importance of understanding such interactions in predicting drug use and abuse. We note that sex as a biological variable remains one of critical evaluation and that such investigations of sex differences in drug use and abuse continue and be expanded to assess all facets of their mediation, including these affective properties, how their balance may be impacted by the multiple conditions under which drugs are taken and how this overall balance affects drug use and addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
| | - Briana J Hempel
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Matthew M Clasen
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
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