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Garcia SM, Lau J, Diaz A, Chi H, Lizarraga M, Wague A, Montenegro C, Davies MR, Liu X, Feeley BT. Distinct human stem cell subpopulations drive adipogenesis and fibrosis in musculoskeletal injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.28.551038. [PMID: 38260367 PMCID: PMC10802239 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) maintain healthy skeletal muscle in homeostasis but drive muscle degeneration in chronic injuries by promoting adipogenesis and fibrosis. To uncover how these stem cells switch from a pro-regenerative to pro-degenerative role we perform single-cell mRNA sequencing of human FAPs from healthy and injured human muscles across a spectrum of injury, focusing on rotator cuff tears. We identify multiple subpopulations with progenitor, adipogenic, or fibrogenic gene signatures. We utilize full spectrum flow cytometry to identify distinct FAP subpopulations based on highly multiplexed protein expression. Injury severity increases adipogenic commitment of FAP subpopulations and is driven by the downregulation of DLK1. Treatment of FAPs both in vitro and in vivo with DLK1 reduces adipogenesis and fatty infiltration, suggesting that during injury, reduced DLK1 within a subpopulation of FAPs may drive degeneration. This work highlights how stem cells perform varied functions depending on tissue context, by dynamically regulating subpopulation fate commitment, which can be targeted improve patient outcomes after injury.
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Amano H, Inoue T, Kusano T, Fukaya D, Kosakai W, Okada H. Module 4-Deficient CCN2/Connective Tissue Growth Factor Attenuates the Progression of Renal Fibrosis via Suppression of Focal Adhesion Kinase Phosphorylation in Tubular Epithelial Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:515-530. [PMID: 37746701 PMCID: PMC10569360 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2253130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) potentially serves as a therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease. Here we investigated CCN2 module-4, encoded by Ccn2 exon 5, through the generation of Ccn2 exon 5 knockout mice (Ex5-/- mice). To investigate renal fibrosis pathogenesis, Ex5-/- mice were employed to model unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), unilateral ischemic-reperfusion injury (UIRI), and 5/6 nephrectomy. Interstitial fibrosis was significantly attenuated in the Ex5-/- mice in the three models. Furthermore, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) levels in tubular epithelial cells were significantly lower in the kidneys of the UUO- and UIRI-Ex5-/- mice than those of the Ex5+/+ mice. Moreover, CCN2 module 4-mediated renal tubule FAK and promoted fibrosis. These findings indicate that CCN2 module-4-FAK pathway components will serve as therapeutic targets for effectively attenuating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Amano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeru Kusano
- General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daichi Fukaya
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wakako Kosakai
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okada
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Barkin JM, Jin-Smith B, Torok K, Pi L. Significance of CCNs in liver regeneration. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00762-x. [PMID: 37202628 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has an inherent regenerative capacity via hepatocyte proliferation after mild-to-modest damage. When hepatocytes exhaust their replicative ability during chronic or severe liver damage, liver progenitor cells (LPC), also termed oval cells (OC) in rodents, are activated in the form of ductular reaction (DR) as an alternative pathway. LPC is often intimately associated with hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation to promote liver fibrosis. The Cyr61/CTGF/Nov (CCN) protein family consists of six extracellular signaling modulators (CCN1-CCN6) with affinity to a repertoire of receptors, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Through these interactions, CCN proteins organize microenvironments and modulate cell signalings in a diverse variety of physiopathological processes. In particular, their binding to subtypes of integrin (αvβ5, αvβ3, α6β1, αvβ6, etc.) influences the motility and mobility of macrophages, hepatocytes, HSC, and LPC/OC during liver injury. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the significance of CCN genes in liver regeneration in relation to hepatocyte-driven or LPC/OC-mediated pathways. Publicly available datasets were also searched to compare dynamic levels of CCNs in developing and regenerating livers. These insights not only add to our understanding of the regenerative capability of the liver but also provide potential targets for the pharmacological management of liver repair in the clinical setting. Ccns in liver regeneration Restoring damaged or lost tissues requires robust cell growth and dynamic matrix remodeling. Ccns are matricellular proteins highly capable of influencing cell state and matrix production. Current studies have identified Ccns as active players in liver regeneration. Cell types, modes of action, and mechanisms of Ccn induction may vary depending on liver injuries. Hepatocyte proliferation is a default pathway for liver regeneration following mild-to-modest damages, working in parallel with the transient activation of stromal cells, such as macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Liver progenitor cells (LPC), also termed oval cells (OC) in rodents, are activated in the form of ductular reaction (DR) and are associated with sustained fibrosis when hepatocytes lose their proliferative ability in severe or chronic liver damage. Ccns may facilitate both hepatocyte regeneration and LPC/OC repair via various mediators (growth factors, matrix proteins, integrins, etc.) for cell-specific and context-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Barkin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brady Jin-Smith
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kendle Torok
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Chen Y, Jiang L, Lyu K, Lu J, Long L, Wang X, Liu T, Li S. A Promising Candidate in Tendon Healing Events—PDGF-BB. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101518. [PMID: 36291727 PMCID: PMC9599567 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders for which patients seek medical aid, reducing not only the quality of life of the patient but also imposing a significant economic burden on society. The administration of growth factors at the wound site is a feasible solution for enhancing tendon healing. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) has a well-defined safety profile compared to other growth factors and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of PDGF-BB in tendon healing through a comprehensive review of the published literature. Experimental studies suggest that PDGF-BB has a positive effect on tendon healing by enhancing inflammatory responses, speeding up angiogenesis, stimulating tendon cell proliferation, increasing collagen synthesis and increasing the biomechanics of the repaired tendon. PDGF-BB is regarded as a promising candidate in tendon healing. However, in order to realize its full potential, we still need to carefully consider and study key issues such as dose and application time in the future, so as to explore further applications of PDGF-BB in the tendon healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sen Li
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (S.L.)
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5
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Whole transcriptome analysis of long noncoding RNA in beryllium sulfate-treated 16HBE cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang J, Hu K, Cai X, Yang B, He Q, Wang J, Weng Q. Targeting PI3K/AKT signaling for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:18-32. [PMID: 35127370 PMCID: PMC8799876 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with unknown causes. The incidence rate increases year by year and the prognosis is poor without cure. Recently, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) signaling pathway can be considered as a master regulator for IPF. The contribution of the PI3K/AKT in fibrotic processes is increasingly prominent, with PI3K/AKT inhibitors currently under clinical evaluation in IPF. Therefore, PI3K/AKT represents a critical signaling node during fibrogenesis with potential implications for the development of novel anti-fibrotic strategies. This review epitomizes the progress that is being made in understanding the complex interpretation of the cause of IPF, and demonstrates that PI3K/AKT can directly participate to the greatest extent in the formation of IPF or cooperate with other pathways to promote the development of fibrosis. We further summarize promising PI3K/AKT inhibitors with IPF treatment benefits, including inhibitors in clinical trials and pre-clinical studies and natural products, and discuss how these inhibitors mitigate fibrotic progression to explore possible potential agents, which will help to develop effective treatment strategies for IPF in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaili Hu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuanyan Cai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Liu X, Rowan SC, Liang J, Yao C, Huang G, Deng N, Xie T, Wu D, Wang Y, Burman A, Parimon T, Borok Z, Chen P, Parks WC, Hogaboam CM, Weigt SS, Belperio J, Stripp BR, Noble PW, Jiang D. Categorization of lung mesenchymal cells in development and fibrosis. iScience 2021; 24:102551. [PMID: 34151224 PMCID: PMC8188567 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary mesenchymal cells are critical players in both the mouse and human during lung development and disease states. They are increasingly recognized as highly heterogeneous, but there is no consensus on subpopulations or discriminative markers for each subtype. We completed scRNA-seq analysis of mesenchymal cells from the embryonic, postnatal, adult and aged fibrotic lungs of mice and humans. We consistently identified and delineated the transcriptome of lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, mesothelial cells, and a novel population characterized by Ebf1 expression. Subtype selective transcription factors and putative divergence of the clusters during development were described. Comparative analysis revealed orthologous subpopulations with conserved transcriptomic signatures in murine and human lung mesenchymal cells. All mesenchymal subpopulations contributed to matrix gene expression in fibrosis. This analysis would enhance our understanding of mesenchymal cell heterogeneity in lung development, homeostasis and fibrotic disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon C. Rowan
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ankita Burman
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - William C. Parks
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Cory M. Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - S. Samuel Weigt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W. Noble
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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8
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Wang J, You J, Gong D, Xu Y, Yang B, Jiang C. PDGF-BB induces conversion, proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of oral mucosal fibroblasts through PDGFR-β/PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:407-415. [PMID: 33492283 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenesis of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) by analyzing the impact of Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)-BB on oral mucosal fibroblasts (FB) and PDGFR-β/Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. METHODS The isolated and purified oral mucosal fibroblasts were divided into four groups: the control group (CON, 10% FBS DMEM), the PDGF-BB group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB), the PDGF-BB+IMA group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 60 μmol/L IMA), and the PDGF-BB+LY294002 group (40 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 48 μmol/L LY294002). Primary human FB cells were isolated and cultured for detecting the effects of PDGF-BB on α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method and scratch test were used to detect the proliferation and migration of FB. Western blots were used to detect the synthesis of type I collagen (Col I) and the expression of PDGFR-β/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. The effects of PDGFR-β inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor were observed. RESULTS Compared with group CON, group IMA, and group LY294002, α-SMA was upregulated in group PDGF-BB (p< 0.05), with higher OD490 nm value (p< 0.05), narrower average scratch width, and higher relative cell migration rate (p< 0.05). The expression levels of Col I, p-PDGFR-β, p-PI3K, and p-AKT were higher in group PDGF-BB (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PDGF-BB induces FB to transform into myofibroblasts (MFB) through the PDGFR-β/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jialing You
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ding Gong
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Dolivo D, Weathers P, Dominko T. Artemisinin and artemisinin derivatives as anti-fibrotic therapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:322-339. [PMID: 33643815 PMCID: PMC7893118 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological reparative process that can occur in most organs and is responsible for nearly half of deaths in the developed world. Despite considerable research, few therapies have proven effective and been approved clinically for treatment of fibrosis. Artemisinin compounds are best known as antimalarial therapeutics, but they also demonstrate antiparasitic, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-fibrotic effects. Here we summarize literature describing anti-fibrotic effects of artemisinin compounds in in vivo and in vitro models of tissue fibrosis, and we describe the likely mechanisms by which artemisinin compounds appear to inhibit cellular and tissue processes that lead to fibrosis. To consider alternative routes of administration of artemisinin for treatment of internal organ fibrosis, we also discuss the potential for more direct oral delivery of Artemisia plant material to enhance bioavailability and efficacy of artemisinin compared to administration of purified artemisinin drugs at comparable doses. It is our hope that greater understanding of the broad anti-fibrotic effects of artemisinin drugs will enable and promote their use as therapeutics for treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- ASP, aspartate aminotransferase
- Artemisia
- Artemisinin
- Artesunate
- BAD, BCL-2-associated agonist of cell death
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- Col I, type I collagen
- DHA, dihydroartemisinin
- DLA, dried leaf Artemisia
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- FLS, fibroblast-like synoviocyte
- Fibroblast
- Fibrosis
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- LAP, latency-associated peptide
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- Myofibroblast
- NAG, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase
- NICD, Notch intracellular domain
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PHN, passive heymann nephritis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Scar
- TGF, β-transforming growth factor-β
- TGF-β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- sCr, serum creatinine
- α-SMA, smooth muscle α-actin
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dolivo
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pamela Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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10
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Sun C, Zhang H, Liu X. Emerging role of CCN family proteins in fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4195-4206. [PMID: 33222181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological change characterized by the excessive accumulation of fibrous connective tissue. Once uncontrolled, this pathological progress can lead to irreversible damage to the structure and function of organs, which is a serious threat to human health and life. Actually, the disability and death of patients caused by many chronic diseases have a closed relationship with fibrosis. The CCN protein family, including six members, is a small group of matrix proteins exhibiting structurally similar features. In the past 20 years, different biological functions of CCN proteins have been identified in various diseases. Of note, it has been recently shown that they are implicated in the key pathological process of fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge regarding the role of CCN proteins involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis diseases in detail. Furthermore, we highlight some of the underlying interaction mechanisms of CCN protein acting in fibrosis that helps to develop new drugs and determine appropriate clinical strategies for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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11
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MiR-200a inversely correlates with Hedgehog and TGF-β canonical/non-canonical trajectories to orchestrate the anti-fibrotic effect of Tadalafil in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:167-182. [PMID: 32914382 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Few reports have documented the ability of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5-Is) to ameliorate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mainly by their anti-inflammatory/antioxidant capacities, without unveiling the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Because of the recent role of miR-200 family and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) trajectory in IPF, we have studied their impact on the anti-fibrotic potential of tadalafil against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Animals were allocated into normal-control, bleomycin-fibrotic control, and bleomycin post-treated with tadalafil or dexamethasone, as the reference drug. On the molecular level, tadalafil has reverted the bleomycin effect on all the assessed parameters. Tadalafil upregulated the gene expression of miR-200a, but decreased the smoothened (SMO) and the transcription factors glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli-1, Gli-2), members of SHH pathway. Additionally, tadalafil ebbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, its canonical (SMAD-3/alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] and Snail), and non-canonical (p-Akt/p-Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) a) pathways. Besides, a strong negative correlation between miR-200a and the analyzed pathways was proved. The effect of tadalafil was further confirmed by the improved lung structure and the reduced Ashcroft score/collagen deposition. The results were comparable to that of dexamethasone. In conclusion, our study has highlighted the involvement of miR-200a in the anti-fibrotic effect of tadalafil with the inhibition of SHH hub and the pro-fibrotic pathways (TGF-β/ SMAD-3/α-SMA, Snail and p-AKT/p-FOXO3a). Potential anti-fibrotic effect of tadalafil. Modulation of miR200a/SHH/canonical and non-canonical TGF-β trajectories. → : stimulatory effect; ┴: inhibitory effect.
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12
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Sun S, Cui Z, Yan T, Wu J, Liu Z. CCN5 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:998-1008. [PMID: 31889370 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. The role of CCN5 has attracted a great focus on the regulation of cancer progression. However, the biological function and mechanism of CCN5 in OSCC are still not well elucidated. The current study was designed to determine the effects of CCN5 on OSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis using two OSCC cell lines. Further, LY294002, a PI3K/AKT antagonist, was employed to explore the mechanism underlying the effects of CCN5 in the regulation of OSCC. The results showed that overexpression of CCN5 in TSCCa cells significantly reduced viable cell number, arrested cell cycle, and suppressed cell-cycle regulators (cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK2). CCN5 overexpression increased the apoptotic ratio and Hoechst-positive cell number, and altered the apoptotic-related proteins (caspase-3/9, Bax, and Bcl-2). However, CCN5 silencing induced opposite effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in Tca-8113 cells. In addition, we observed that CCN5 knockdown increased the expression levels of PI3K (p85α and p110α) and phosphorylated AKT at serine 473 (p-AKT Ser473) in Tca-8113 cells. Inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling with LY294002 rescued the apoptotic process in CCN5-silenced OSCC cells. Finally, xenograft analysis showed that CCN5 represses tumorigenesis of OSCC cells. These findings together suggest that CCN5 functions as a tumor suppressor for OSCC cell development through inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing a potential candidate for OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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13
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Somogyi V, Chaudhuri N, Torrisi SE, Kahn N, Müller V, Kreuter M. The therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: what is next? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190021. [PMID: 31484664 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease, characterised by progressive scarring of the lung and associated with a high burden of disease and early death. The pathophysiological understanding, clinical diagnostics and therapy of IPF have significantly evolved in recent years. While the recent introduction of the two antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib led to a significant reduction in lung function decline, there is still no cure for IPF; thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Currently, several clinical phase I-III trials are focusing on novel therapeutic targets. Furthermore, new approaches in nonpharmacological treatments in palliative care, pulmonary rehabilitation, lung transplantation, management of comorbidities and acute exacerbations aim to improve symptom control and quality of life. Here we summarise new therapeutic attempts and potential future approaches to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Somogyi
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nazia Chaudhuri
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastiano Emanuele Torrisi
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, University Hospital "Policlinico", Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Müller
- Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Kaddour N, Zhang D, Gao ZH, Liu JL. Recombinant protein CCN5/WISP2 promotes islet cell proliferation and survival in vitro. Growth Factors 2019; 37:120-130. [PMID: 31437074 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1652400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ß cell proliferation, survival and function are key elements that need to be considered in developing novel antidiabetic therapies. We recently identified CCN5/WISP2 to have potential growth promoting properties when overexpressed in ß cells; however, further investigations are needed to validate those properties. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous treatment of insulinoma cells and primary islets with recombinant CCN5 (rh-CCN5) protein enhanced the proliferative capacity which was correlated with activation of cell-cycle regulators CDK4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, pre-incubation of these cells with rh-CCN5 enhanced their survival rate after being exposed to harsh treatments such as streptozotocin and high concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids. CCN5 as well caused an upregulation in the expression of key genes associated with ß cell identity and function such as GLUT-2 and GCK. Finally, CCN5 activated FAK and downstream ERK kinases which are known to stimulate cell proliferation and survival. Hence, our results validate the growth promoting activities of rh-CCN5 in ß cells and open the door for further investigations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kaddour
- Frasers Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Di Zhang
- Frasers Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Frasers Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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15
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Shen TL, Liu MN, Zhang Q, Feng W, Yu W, Fu XL, Cai XW. The positive role of vitronectin in radiation induced lung toxicity: the in vitro and in vivo mechanism study. J Transl Med 2018; 16:100. [PMID: 29661186 PMCID: PMC5902986 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT) is a severe complication of radiotherapy in patients with thoracic tumors. Through proteomics, we have previously identified vitronectin (VTN) as a potential biomarker for patients with lung toxicity of grade ≥ 2 radiation. Herein, we explored the molecular mechanism of VTN in the process of RILT. Methods In this study, lentivirus encoding for VTN and VTN-specific siRNA were constructed and transfected into the cultured fibroblasts and C57BL mice. Real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA were used to examine expression of collagens and several potential proteins involved in lung fibrosis. Hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the fibrosis scores of lung tissue from mice received irradiation. Results The expression of VTN was up-regulated by irradiation. The change trend of collagens, TGF-β expression and p-ERK, p-AKT, and p-JNK expression levels were positively related with VTN mRNA level. Furthermore, overexpression of VTN significantly increased the expression level of α-SMA, as well as the degree of lung fibrosis in mice at 8 and 12 weeks post-irradiation. By contrast, siRNA VTN induced opposite results both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions VTN played a positive role in the lung fibrosis of RILT, possibly through modulation of fibrosis regulatory pathways and up-regulating the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes. Taken together, all the results suggested that VTN had a novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of RILT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1474-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Le Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mi-Na Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Long Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu-Wei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Grünberg JR, Elvin J, Paul A, Hedjazifar S, Hammarstedt A, Smith U. CCN5/WISP2 and metabolic diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:309-318. [PMID: 29247377 PMCID: PMC5842198 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes increase worldwide at an epidemic rate. It is expected that by the year 2030 around 500 million people will have diabetes; predominantly type 2 diabetes. The CCN family of proteins has become of interest in both metabolic and other common human diseases because of their effects on mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) proliferation and differentiation as well as being important regulators of fibrosis. We here review current knowledge of the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (CCN5/WISP2). It has been shown to be an important regulator of both these processes through effects on both the canonical WNT and the TGFβ pathways. It is also under normal regulation by the adipogenic commitment factor BMP4, in contrast to conventional canonical WNT ligands, and allows MSCs to undergo normal adipose cell differentiation. CCN5/WISP2 is highly expressed in, and secreted by, MSCs and is an important regulator of MSCs growth. In a transgenic mouse model overexpressing CCN5/WISP2 in the adipose tissue, we have shown that it is secreted and circulating in the blood, the mice develop hypercellular white and brown adipose tissue, have increased lean body mass and enlarged hypercellular hearts. Obese transgenic mice had improved insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, the anti-fibrotic effect of CCN5/WISP2 is protective against heart failure by inhibition of the TGFβ pathway. Understanding how CCN5/WISP2 is regulated and signals is important and may be useful for developing new treatment strategies in obesity and metabolic diseases and it can also be a target in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Grünberg
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Johannes Elvin
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Zhang J, Chao L, Liu X, Shi Y, Zhang C, Kong L, Li R. The potential application of strategic released apigenin from polymeric carrier in pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:359-369. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1380086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liqin Chao
- Scientific Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Scientific Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Caili Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruiqin Li
- Scientific Research Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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18
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Wu Q, Xu T, Liu Y, Li Y, Yuan J, Yao W, Xu Q, Yan W, Ni C. miR-1224-5p Mediates Mitochondrial Damage to Affect Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting BECN1. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112357. [PMID: 29112159 PMCID: PMC5713326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is associated with fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in lung tissues. The dysregulation of miR-1224-5p has been implicated in several human cancers; however, the expression and function of miR-1224-5p in silicosis is unknown. The mitochondrial dysfunctions play critical roles in some diseases, but how these processes are regulated in silicosis remains limited. Here, we explored the role of miR-1224-5p in a mouse model of silicosis. We showed that the expression of miR-1224-5p is increased both in lung tissues of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblasts exposed to TGF-β1. Repression of miR-1224-5p expression attenuated silica-induced fibrotic progression in vivo and TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation in vitro. Additionally, we demonstrated that miR-1224-5p facilitated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis primarily by repressing one of target genes, BECN1, thereby blocking PARK2 translocation to mitochondria and inducing the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, the activation of PDGFR signal mediated by mitochondrial damage and insufficient mitophagy resulted in myofibroblast differentiation. Collectively, these data indicated that miR-1224-5p exerts key functions in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Wenxi Yao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Weiwen Yan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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19
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Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Ruiz A, Calzada MJ. Hypoxia and Redox Signaling on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: From Mechanisms to Pathological Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:802-822. [PMID: 28715969 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential modulator of cell behavior that influences tissue organization. It has a strong relevance in homeostasis and translational implications for human disease. In addition to ECM structural proteins, matricellular proteins are important regulators of the ECM that are involved in a myriad of different pathologies. Recent Advances: Biochemical studies, animal models, and study of human diseases have contributed to the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling of the ECM, both in homeostasis and disease. Some of them might help in the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to review what is known about some of the most studied matricellular proteins and their regulation by hypoxia and redox signaling, as well as the pathological implications of such regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Matricellular proteins have complex regulatory functions and are modulated by hypoxia and redox signaling through diverse mechanisms, in some cases with controversial effects that can be cell or tissue specific and context dependent. Therefore, a better understanding of these regulatory processes would be of great benefit and will open new avenues of considerable therapeutic potential. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the specific molecular mechanisms that modulate matricellular proteins in pathological processes that involve hypoxia and redox signaling warrants additional consideration to harness the potential therapeutic value of these regulatory proteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 802-822.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- 1 Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid, Spain .,3 Departmento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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20
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Wang X, Fu JH, Xue XD. Expression dynamics of caveolin-1 in fibroblasts of newborn rats with chronic lung disease and its impact on lung fibroblast proliferation. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:359-368. [PMID: 28591365 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170050000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the changes of caveolin-1 in lung fibroblasts in newborn Wistar rats when exposed to hyperoxic conditions, as well as lung fibroblasts cell cycle. Methods: One hundred newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided (50 rats/group) into experimental and control groups, exposed to hyperoxic conditions or normal air, respectively. The fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) in the experimental group was 90%, whereas this value was 21% in the control group. Lung fibroblasts were collected on days 3, 7, and 14 of the experiment. Caveolin-1 expression dynamics in lung fibroblasts was assayed in each group by immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to assess the proportions of lung fibroblasts at different stages of the cell cycle. Results: On day 3, no significant difference in caveolin-1 expression was observed between the hyperoxic and control groups; however, on days 7 and 14, caveolin-1 expression was significantly lower in the hyperoxic group than in the control (P<0.05). No apparent differences were observed in caveolin-1 expression in the control group at the different time points. Using FCM analysis, we showed that the proportion of lung fibroblasts in G0/G1 phase in the hyperoxic group decreased compared to that of the control group on day 7, while the proportion of S-phase cells increased (P<0.05). These differences were more significant when the groups were compared on day 14 (P<0.01). Conclusion: After seven days the exposure to hyperoxic conditions, lung fibroblasts proliferated and caveolin-1 expression decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- MD, Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, acquisition and analysis of data, manuscript writing
| | - Jian-Hua Fu
- MD, Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Xin-Dong Xue
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; critical revision; final approval the manuscript
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21
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Nie Y, Sun L, Wu Y, Yang Y, Wang J, He H, Hu Y, Chang Y, Liang Q, Zhu J, Ye RD, Christman JW, Qian F. AKT2 Regulates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis via Modulating Macrophage Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4470-4480. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Prakoura N, Chatziantoniou C. Matricellular Proteins and Organ Fibrosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Niu R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang W, Li X. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170741. [PMID: 28122020 PMCID: PMC5266322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a gradual lung disease with a survival of less than 5 years post-diagnosis for most patients. Poor molecular description of IPF has led to unsatisfactory interpretation of the pathogenesis of this disease, resulting in the lack of successful treatments. The objective of this study was to discover novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of IPF. We employed a coupled isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) approach to examine protein expression in patients with IPF. A total of 97 differentially expressed proteins (38 upregulated proteins and 59 downregulated proteins) were identified in the serum of IPF patients. Using String software, a regulatory network containing 87 nodes and 244 edges was built, and the functional enrichment showed that differentially expressed proteins were predominantly involved in protein activation cascade, regulation of response to wounding and extracellular components. A set of three most significantly upregulated proteins (HBB, CRP and SERPINA1) and four most significantly downregulated proteins (APOA2, AHSG, KNG1 and AMBP) were selected for validation in an independent cohort of IPF and other lung diseases using ELISA test. The results confirmed the iTRAQ profiling results and AHSG, AMBP, CRP and KNG1 were found as specific IPF biomarkers. ROC analysis indicated the diagnosis potential of the validated biomarkers. The findings of this study will contribute in understanding the pathogenesis of IPF and facilitate the development of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Operating Room, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Evidence-based Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XL)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nursing, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XL)
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24
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Abstract
CCN2 is a profibrotic matricellular protein. CCN2 directly promotes cell adhesion and indirectly promotes fibrosis by activating adhesive signaling in response to growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix. The following protocols will allow the direct assessment of other CCN family members in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hutchenreuther
- Departments of Dentistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Dental Sciences Building, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Andrew Leask
- Departments of Dentistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Dental Sciences Building, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.
| | - Katherine Thompson
- Departments of Dentistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Dental Sciences Building, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
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Hamed EA, El-Saied MM, Saad K, Yousef HAZ, Mohamed AO, Sabry D. Molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis and elastin destruction in childhood interstitial lung diseases. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:275-283. [PMID: 27686729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate fibrosis and elastin destruction in childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) patients. METHODS Sixty patients and twenty healthy children were recruited. On admission, evaluation of chILD severity was made using Fan chILD score. Participants provided urine and blood samples. Plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), soluble factor related apoptosis (sFas) and long non-coding RNAs and urinary levels of desmosine/urinary creatinine (UDes/UCr) were measured. RESULTS In patients, clinical findings were crackles (100.00%), tachypnea (65.00%), cardiomegaly (45.00%), digital clubbing (43.30%), cough (33.00%), cyanosis (26.70%), hepatomegaly (28.30%) and wheezes (23.30%). Categorizing of the patients with Fan chILD clinical score revealed that most patients 33.30% scored (3, symptomatic with abnormal saturation/cyanosis during exercise) then 28.30% scored (5, symptomatic with clinical and echocardiographic features of pulmonary hypertension), 18.30% scored (2, symptomatic with normal room air saturations), 15.00% scored (1, asymptomatic) and 5.00% scored (4, symptomatic with abnormal room air saturation/cyanosis at rest). TGF-β1, CCN2, sFas, lncrRNA-2700086A05Rik relative gene expression and UDes/UCr levels were higher in patients than controls (P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, respectively). In patients, significant positive correlations were found between TGF-β1 and CCN2, sFas, UDes/UCr; between CCN2 and both sFas and UDes/UCr; between UDes/UCr and sFas. Morbidity and mortality rates were 46.70% and 10.00%, respectively. CONCLUSION Markers of fibrosis (TGF-β1, sFas, CCN2) and elastin destruction (UDes/UCr) were increased in chILD especially in patients with long disease duration. So blockage of their pathways signals may offer novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A Hamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M El-Saied
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amany O Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu H, Li P, Liu M, Liu C, Sun Z, Guo X, Zhang Y. CCN2 and CCN5 exerts opposing effect on fibroblast proliferation and transdifferentiation induced by TGF-β. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26218313 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidural fibrosis might occur after lumbar discectomy and contributes to failed back syndrome. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been reported to influence multiple organ fibrosis, in which connective tissue growth factor/cysteine-rich 61/nephroblastoma overexpressed 2 (CCN2) and CCN5 are involved. However, the effect of CCN2 and CCN5 on TGF-β induced fibrosis has not yet been elucidated. This study reports that CCN2 and CCN5 play opposing roles in cell proliferation and transdifferentiation of human skin fibroblasts or rabbit epidural scar-derived fibroblasts exposed to TGF-β. We observed that TGF-β1 induced fibroblasts proliferation and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner (from 0 μg/L to 20 μg/L). Meanwhile, CCN2 expression is up-regulated while CCN5 expression is inhibited by TGF-β1 exposure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that CCN2 overexpression leads to promoted proliferation and elevated collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which are inhibited by CCN5 overexpression. Moreover, it is shown that the cysteine knot (CT) domain, present in CCN2 but absent in CCN5, plays an essential part in fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, enhanced TGF-β and CCN2 expression but decreased CCN5 expression is found in rabbit epidural scar-derived fibroblasts. Overall, the results show the opposing effects of CCN2 and CCN5 on fibroblast proliferation and transdifferentiation induced by TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital (Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Li
- Xi 'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Cong Liu
- Xi 'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital (Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Department of the Faculty of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital (Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Li J, Ye L, Owen S, Weeks HP, Zhang Z, Jiang WG. Emerging role of CCN family proteins in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1451-63. [PMID: 26498181 PMCID: PMC4678164 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of proteins comprises the members CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6. They share four evolutionarily conserved functional domains, and usually interact with various cytokines to elicit different biological functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration, embryonic development, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis and inflammation through a variety of signalling pathways. In the past two decades, emerging functions for the CCN proteins (CCNs) have been identified in various types of cancer. Perturbed expression of CCNs has been observed in a variety of malignancies. The aberrant expression of certain CCNs is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Insight into the detailed mechanisms involved in CCN-mediated regulation may be useful in understanding their roles and functions in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. In this review, we briefly introduced the functions of CCNs, especially in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sioned Owen
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hoi Ping Weeks
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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ZHANG JIAN, LI BINGONG, ZHENG ZEQI, KANG TING, ZENG MINGHUI, LIU YANHUA, XIA BAOHUA. Protective effects of Notch1 signaling activation against high glucose-induced myocardial cell injury: Analysis of its mechanisms of action. Int J Mol Med 2015. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Liu C. Inhibition of mechanical stress-induced hypertrophic scar inflammation by emodin. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4087-92. [PMID: 25634255 PMCID: PMC4394962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At least 50% of hypertrophic scarring (HS) is characterized by inflammation, for which there is currently no effective treatment available. Emodin is a major component of the widely used Chinese herb, rhubarb, which has been used to treat inflammation in several types of disease. However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of emodin in the treatment of HS. In the present study, a mouse model with mechanical stress-induced HS was used to investigate the effects of emodin (20, 40, 80, or 120 mg/ml) on HS, and to determine the potential underlying mechanisms. Treatment with emodin significantly attenuated HS inflammation, as determined by histopathological assessment of the scar elevation index, collagen structure and inflammation (P<0.05). Furthermore, treatment with emodin (40 mg/ml) markedly inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activity (P<0.01) and this attenuation was associated with reduced expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P<0.05) in the HS tissue. The results of the present study indicated that administration of emodin had therapeutic effects on the progression of HS and the underlying mechanism of this may be due to inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jiangxi Provinicial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Ren J, An HY. Effects of ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on TGF-β1/CTGF pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3932-3936. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i26.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Y-27632, a pyrimidine derivative, is a recently developed synthetic specific inhibitor of Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK), and it inhibits the process of hepatic fibrosis by regulating a variety of biological effects mediated by ROCK. Recent studies have found that the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway is involved in liver fibrosis. TGF-β1 induces the expression of its downstream molecule CTGF, resulting in the increase of extracellular matrix and liver fibrosis. Y-27632 can inhibit the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. This paper attempts to explain the anti-fibrosis effect of Y-27632 in terms of the impact of Y-27632 on the TGF-β1/CTGF pathway, with an aim to better understand the functional target of Y-27632 and provide a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy of liver fibrosis.
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