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Zhang K, Zheng X, Sun Y, Feng X, Wu X, Liu W, Gao C, Yan Y, Tian W, Wang Y. TOP2A modulates signaling via the AKT/mTOR pathway to promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2325126. [PMID: 38445610 PMCID: PMC10936659 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2325126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a form of gynecological malignancy that is associated with worse patient outcomes than any other cancer of the female reproductive tract. Topoisomerase II α (TOP2A) is commonly regarded as an oncogene that is associated with malignant disease progression in a variety of cancers, its mechanistic functions in OC have yet to be firmly established. We explored the role of TOP2A in OC through online databases, clinical samples, in vitro and in vivo experiments. And initial analyses of public databases revealed high OC-related TOP2A expression in patient samples that was related to poorer prognosis. This was confirmed by clinical samples in which TOP2A expression was elevated in OC relative to healthy tissue. Kaplan-Meier analyses further suggested that higher TOP2A expression levels were correlated with worse prognosis in OC patients. In vitro, TOP2A knockdown resulted in the inhibition of OC cell proliferation, with cells entering G1 phase arrest and undergoing consequent apoptotic death. In rescue assays, TOP2A was confirmed to regulate cell proliferation and cell cycle through AKT/mTOR pathway activity. Mouse model experiments further affirmed the key role that TOP2A plays as a driver of OC cell proliferation. These data provide strong evidence supporting TOP2A as an oncogenic mediator and prognostic biomarker related to OC progression and poor outcomes. At the mechanistic level, TOP2A can control tumor cell growth via AKT/mTOR pathway modulation. These preliminary results provide a foundation for future research seeking to explore the utility of TOP2A inhibitor-based combination treatment regimens in platinum-resistant recurrent OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqing Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xirong Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenlu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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El-Agrody E, Abol-Enein H, Mortada WI, Awadalla A, Tarabay HH, Elkhawaga OA. Does the Presence of Heavy Metals Influence the Gene Expression and Oxidative Stress in Bladder Cancer? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3475-3482. [PMID: 38072891 PMCID: PMC11144142 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is associated with cancer progression. Studies have reported the relation between some metal ions and bladder cancer (BC). Direct influence of such agents in bladder carcinogenesis is still needed. Total 49 BC patients were included in the study. Level of Pb, Cr, Hg and Cd, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression of Bcl-2, Bax, IL-6, AKT, and P38 genes were detected in cancer and non-cancerous tissues obtained from bladder cancer patients. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Cd were significantly elevated in cancer tissues than normal, while Hg level was significantly increased in normal tissue than cancer. MDA level was significantly higher and SOD activity was lower in the cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous. The expressions of Bcl-2, IL-6, AKT, and P38 were significantly increased in the cancer tissues than in normal tissues while Bax level was significantly increased in non-cancerous tissue than in cancer tissue. In cancer tissue, there were significant correlations between Cr level with expression of Bax, AKT, and P38 while Cd level was significantly correlate with Bax, IL-6, AKT, and P38expression. The correlation between Cr and Cd with the expression of Bax, IL-6, AKT, and P38 may indicate a carcinogenic role of these metals on progression of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam El-Agrody
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Biochemistry Division, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan Abol-Enein
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Wael I Mortada
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Heba H Tarabay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Biochemistry Division, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Om-Ali Elkhawaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Biochemistry Division, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Nagata T, Huang Y. Elucidating the role of intrinsic adenosine A1 receptors in acute alcoholism using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231682. [PMID: 38419509 PMCID: PMC10958140 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) from binge drinking is a serious disease. It is associated with a high mortality rate, especially among young adults. Apoptosis is known to be a primary cause of liver damage, and it can be induced by either intrinsic signaling pathways or by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adenosine A1 receptors (ADORA1) are known to be involved in ethanol metabolism; however, underlying mechanism is not well understood. For investigating how the intrinsic ADORA1 function in ethanol metabolism in normal human hepatocytes without interference by extrinsic molecules, primary hepatocytes pose a challenge, due to unavoidable contamination by other kinds of cells in the liver. Also, they are difficult to culture stably. As a novel alternative, hepatocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells were employed because they display similar function to primary hepatocytes and they can be stably cultured. The dynamics and integrity of signal transduction mechanisms were investigated by following chronological changes in gene expression. This shed light on how and when the ADORA1 function and on causal relationships between the pathways and clinical symptoms. The findings of the present study shows that ADORA1 are most activated soon after exposure to ethanol, and transfection of small interfering RNA targeting ADORA1-messenger-RNA (ADORA1-siRNA) into the hepatocytes significantly suppresses production of actin protein and ROS. It suggests that ADORA1 in the liver contribute to apoptosis in acute alcoholism through both intrinsic pathway and ROS activity. Also, actin that is abundant in the cells could be an appropriate biomarker evaluating hepatic function status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuning George Huang
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
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Zhou J, Qiao C, Gao Y, Wang H, Li J, Yang S, Chai K, Zhao T, Wu J. Exploring the mechanism of action of Shuangyang houbitong granules in the treatment of acute pharyngitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37674. [PMID: 38552049 PMCID: PMC10977574 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pharyngitis (AP) refers to the acute inflammation of the pharynx, characterized by swelling and pain in the throat. Shuangyang houbitong granules (SHG), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, have been found to be effective in providing relief from symptoms associated with AP. METHODS The chemical components of SHG were screened using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, HERB database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The targets of the granules were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction database. A network was constructed based on the targets of AP obtained from Genecards database, and protein-protein interaction analysis was performed on the intersection targets using STRING database. Key targets were screened for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and the binding activity of components and targets was predicted using AutoDockTools-1.5.7. RESULTS A total of 65 components of SHG that met the screening criteria were retrieved, resulting in 867 corresponding targets. Additionally, 1086 AP target genes were retrieved, and 272 gene targets were obtained from the intersection as potential targets for SHG in the treatment of AP. Molecular docking results showed that the core components genkwanin, acacetin, apigenin, quercetin can stably bind to the core targets glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, serine/threonine protein kinase, tumor protein 53, and epidermal growth factor receptor. CONCLUSION The research results preliminarily predict and verify the mechanism of action of SHG in the treatment of AP, providing insights for further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqi Qiao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyun Yang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Keyan Chai
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Alghamdi SS, Alghashem SA, Ali R, Alsubait A, Suliman RS, Mohammed AE, Alehaideb Z, Alshafi RA, Alturki AY, Rahman I. Exploring the potential of Ziziphus nummularia and luteolin-7-O-glucoside as tubulin inhibitors in cancer therapy and survival. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7202. [PMID: 38531974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for approximately 10 million deaths worldwide, with 70% of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries; as such safer and more effective anti-cancer drugs are required. Therefore, the potential benefits of Ziziphus nummularia and Ziziphus spina-christi as sources of anti-cancer agents were investigated. Z. nummularia and Z. spina-christi extracts were prepared using chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water. The extracts' anti-cancer properties were determined using the MTT Cell Viability Assay in four cancer cell lines: breast (KAIMRC2 and MDA-MB-231), colorectal (HCT8), and liver (HepG2). The ApoTox-Glo Triplex Assay and high-content imaging (HCI)-Apoptosis Assay were used to assess KAIMRC2 and HCT8 cells further. In addition, KAIMRC2 cells were tested for microtubule staining, and AKT/mTOR protein expression was determined by western blot analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to identify the secondary metabolites in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, followed by in silico techniques to predict molecular targets and interactions, safety, and pharmacokinetic profile for identified metabolites. Out of the eight extracts, the ethanolic extract of Z. nummularia, exhibited the most potent activity against KAIMRC2 cells with an IC50 value of 29.2 μg/ml. Cancer cell treatment with the ethanolic extract of Z. nummularia resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with increased apoptosis and cytotoxic effects. Microtubule staining showed a disrupted microtubular network. The ethanolic extract treatment of KAIMRC2 cells led to upregulated expression of pAKT and pmTOR. In silico studies predicted luteolin-7-O-glucoside to be a ligand for tubulin with the highest docking score (- 7.686) and similar binding interactions relative to the native ligand. Further computational analysis of the metabolites showed acceptable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, although ethanolic extract metabolites were predicted to have cardiotoxic effects. Ethanolic extraction is optimal for solubilizing active anticancer metabolites from Z. nummularia, which may act by causing M-phase arrest via inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside is the lead candidate for further research and development as an anti-cancer agent. In addition, this study suggests that herbal treatment could switch on mechanisms of adaptation and survival in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, 11426, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abdulaziz Alghashem
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alsubait
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- Pharmacy Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences (FCHS), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, 11426, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Abdullah Alshafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Allulu Yousef Alturki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Sun K, Chen P, Zhang L, Lu Z, Jin Q. Deguelin inhibits the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest: Involvement of Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathway. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:101-115. [PMID: 38554386 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Deguelin exhibits antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell types. Previous studies have reported that deguelin exhibits pro-apoptotic activity against human cancer cells. The current study aimed at further elaborating the anticancer effects of deguelin against multiple myeloma cells. Cell growth estimations were made through MTT assay. Phase contrast microscopy was used for the analysis of the viability of multiple myeloma cells. Colony formation from multiple myeloma cells was studied using a clonogenic assay. Antioxidative assays for determining levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were carried out after treating multiple myeloma cells with deguelin. The apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells was studied using AO/EB and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining methods. Multiple myeloma cell cycle analysis was performed through flow cytometry. mRNA expression levels were depicted using qRT-PCR. Migration and invasion of multiple myeloma cells were determined with the wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Deguelin specifically inhibited the multiple myeloma cell growth while the normal plasma cells were minimally affected. Multiple myeloma cells when treated with deguelin exhibited remarkably lower viability and colony-forming ability. Multiple myeloma cells treated with deguelin produced more SOD and had higher GSH levels. The multiple myeloma cell growth, migration, and invasion were significantly declined by in vitro administration of deguelin. In conclusion, deguelin treatment, when applied in vitro, induced apoptotic cell death and resulted in mitotic cessation at the G2/M phase through modulation of cell cycle regulatory mRNAs in multiple myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3 The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3 The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Zhidong Lu
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3 The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Department of Orthopedics Ward 3 The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
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Ratanabunyong S, Siriwaseree J, Wanaragthai P, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Kuaprasert B, Choowongkomon K, Aramwit P. Exploring the apoptotic effects of sericin on HCT116 cells through comprehensive nanostring transcriptomics and proteomics analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2366. [PMID: 38287097 PMCID: PMC10825148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sericin, a silk protein from Bombyx mori (silkworms), has many applications, including cosmetics, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer. Sericin complexes with nanoparticles have shown promise for breast cancer cell lines. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, stops cancer cell growth. This study found that Sericin urea extract significantly affected HCT116 cell viability (IC50 = 42.00 ± 0.002 µg/mL) and caused apoptosis in over 80% of treated cells. S-FTIR analysis showed significant changes in Sericin-treated cells' macromolecule composition, particularly in the lipid and nucleic acid areas, indicating major cellular modifications. A transcriptomics study found upregulation of the apoptotic signaling genes FASLG, TNFSF10, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, and CASP10. Early apoptotic proteins also showed that BAD, AKT, CASP9, p53, and CASP8 were significantly upregulated. A proteomics study illuminated Sericin-treated cells' altered protein patterns. Our results show that Sericin activated the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via the caspase cascade (CASP8/10 and CASP3/7) and the death receptor pathway, involving TNFSF10 or FASLG, in HCT116 cells. Upregulation of p53 increases CASP8, which activates CASP3 and causes HCT116 cell death. This multi-omics study illuminates the molecular mechanisms of Sericin-induced apoptosis, sheds light on its potential cancer treatment applications, and helps us understand the complex relationship between silk-derived proteins and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluk Ratanabunyong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jeeraprapa Siriwaseree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Panatda Wanaragthai
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Buabarn Kuaprasert
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Phatumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Muhammad YA, Omar AM, Ahmed F, Khayat MT, Malebari AM, Ibrahim SM, Mass SA, Elfaky MA, El-Araby ME. Exploring antiproliferative activities and kinase profile of ortho-substituted N-(4-(2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenyl)benzamides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14379. [PMID: 37873688 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing kinase inhibitors that bind to the substrate site of oncogenic kinases in a promising, albeit less explored, approach to kinase inhibition as it was sought to avoid the issue of untoward off-target modulations. Our previously identified compound KAC-12 with a meta-chlorophenyl substitution was an example of this approach. While it showed confirmed inhibitory activity against cancer cells, this substitution shifted the profile of affected targets away from Src/tubulin which were seen with the parent KX-01. In this paper, we synthesized compounds with ortho-substitutions, and we investigated the effect of such substitutions on their cellular and subcellular activities. The compound N-(4-(2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenyl)-2-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)benzamide (4) exhibited substantial activities against cell lines such HCT116 (IC50 of 0.97 μM) and IC50 HL60 (2.84 μM). Kinase profiling showed that compound 4 trended consistently with KAC-12 as it did not affect Src, but it had more impact on members of the Src family of kinases (SFK) such as Yes, Hck, Fyn, Lck, and Lyn. Both compounds exhibited profound downregulation effects on Erk1/2 but differed on others such as GSK3α/β and C-Jun. Collectively, this study further support to the hypothesis that small structural changes might bring higher changes in their kinome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra A Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maan T Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza A Mass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa E El-Araby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Weintraub MA, Liu D, DeMatteo R, Goncalves MD, Flory JH. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for hypergycemia in phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway inhibition. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:85-93. [PMID: 37704834 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition is used for the treatment of certain cancers, but can cause profound hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, for which sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been proposed as a preferred therapy. The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors for hyperglycemia in PI3K inhibition. METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective review of adults initiating the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib. Exposure to different antidiabetic drugs and adverse events including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were assessed through chart review. Plasma and point-of-care blood glucoses were extracted from the electronic medical record. Change in serum glucose and the rate of DKA on SGLT2 inhibitor versus other antidiabetic drugs were examined as co-primary outcomes. RESULTS We identified 103 patients meeting eligibility criteria with median follow-up of 92 days after starting alpelisib. When SGLT2 inhibitors were used to treat hyperglycemia, they were associated with a decrease in mean random glucose by -46 mg/dL (95% CI - 77 to - 15) in adjusted linear modeling. Five cases of DKA were identified, two occurring in patients on alpelisib plus SGLT2 inhibitor. Estimated incidence of DKA was: alpelisib plus SGLT2 inhibitor, 48 DKA cases per 100 patient-years (95% CI 6, 171); alpelisib with non-SGLT2 inhibitor antidiabetic drugs, 15 (95% CI 2, 53); alpelisib only, 4 (95% CI 0.1, 22). CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibitors are effective treatments for hyperglycemia in the setting of PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Weintraub
- New York University Diabetes & Endocrine Associates, 222 East 41st Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Dazhi Liu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Raymond DeMatteo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - James H Flory
- Endocrinology Service, Division of Subspecialty Medicine, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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10
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Bhattacharya A, Alam K, Roy NS, Kaur K, Kaity S, Ravichandiran V, Roy S. Exploring the interaction between extracellular matrix components in a 3D organoid disease model to replicate the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:343. [PMID: 38102637 PMCID: PMC10724947 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are necessary to study the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of effective, tailored treatment methods owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer and the large population affected by it. The cellular connections and tumor microenvironments observed in vivo are often not recapitulated in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Therefore, developing 3D in vitro models that mimic the complex architecture and physiological circumstances of breast tumors is crucial for advancing our understanding of the illness. A 3D scaffold-free in vitro disease model mimics breast cancer pathophysiology by allowing cells to self-assemble/pattern into 3D structures, in contrast with other 3D models that rely on artificial scaffolds. It is possible that this model, whether applied to breast tumors using patient-derived primary cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cancer cells), can accurately replicate the observed heterogeneity. The complicated interactions between different cell types are modelled by integrating critical components of the tumor microenvironment, such as the extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, and tumor growth factors. Tissue interactions, immune cell infiltration, and the effects of the milieu on drug resistance can be studied using this scaffold-free 3D model. The scaffold-free 3D in vitro disease model for mimicking tumor pathophysiology in breast cancer is a useful tool for studying the molecular basis of the disease, identifying new therapeutic targets, and evaluating treatment modalities. It provides a more physiologically appropriate high-throughput platform for screening large compound library in a 96-384 well format. We critically discussed the rapid development of personalized treatment strategies and accelerated drug screening platforms to close the gap between traditional 2D cell culture and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kamare Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Nakka Sharmila Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine a Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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11
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Jodeiry Zaer S, Aghamaali M, Amini M, Doustvandi MA, Hosseini SS, Baradaran B, Najafi S, Baghay Esfandyari Y, Mokhtarzadeh A. Cooperatively inhibition effect of miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells through modulating AKT signaling pathway. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:29913. [PMID: 38938754 PMCID: PMC11199930 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.29913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction As the most common aggressive primary brain tumor, glioblastoma is inevitably a recurrent malignancy whose patients' prognosis is poor. miR-143 and miR-145, as tumor suppressor miRNAs, are downregulated through tumorigenesis of multiple human cancers, including glioblastoma. These two miRNAs regulate numerous cellular processes, such as proliferation and migration. This research was intended to explore the simultaneous replacement effect of miR-143, and miR-145 on in vitro tumorgenicity of U87 glioblastoma cells. Methods U87 cells were cultured, and transfected with miR-143-5p and miR-145-5p. Afterward, the changes in cell viability, and apoptosis induction were determined by MTT assay and Annexin V/PI staining. The accumulation of cells at the cell cycle phases was assessed using the flow cytometry. Wound healing and colony formation assays were performed to study cell migration. qRT-PCR and western blot techniques were utilized to quantify gene expression levels. Results Our results showed that miR-143-5p and 145-5p exogenous upregulation cooperatively diminished cell viability, and enhanced U-87 cell apoptosis by modulating Caspase-3/8/9, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein expression. The combination therapy increased accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase by modulating CDK1, Cyclin D1, and P53 protein expression. miR-143/145-5p significantly decreased cell migration, and reduced colony formation ability by the downregulation of c-Myc and CD44 gene expression. Furthermore, the results showed the combination therapy of these miRNAs could remarkably downregulate phosphorylated-AKT expression levels. Conclusion In conclusion, miR-143 and miR-145 were indicated to show cooperative anti- cancer effects on glioblastoma cells via modulating AKT signaling as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Jodeiry Zaer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Li Y, Wang Z, Li J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Jin X, Dong Y, Liu Q, Duan X, Yan N. Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Fluorosis-Induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating Hippocampal Glycolysis In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5230-5241. [PMID: 36710293 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis can induce neurotoxicity. Sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has important research potential in correcting glucose metabolism disorders and is widely used in a variety of neurological diseases and metabolic diseases, but it is not yet known whether it plays a role in combating fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SB on fluoride neurotoxicity and the possible associated mechanisms. The results of HE staining and Morris water maze showed that, in mice exposed to 100 mg/L fluoride for 3 months, the hippocampal cells arranged in loosely with large cell gaps and diminished in number. One thousand milligram per kilogram per day SB treatment improved fluoride-induced neuronal cell damage and spatial learning memory impairment. Western blot results showed that the abundance of malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the hippocampus of fluorosis mice was increased, the abundance of pyruvate kinase M (PKM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated Akt (P-AKT), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was inhibited, and the content of lactate and ATP was decreased. SB treatment reversed the decreased glycolysis in the hippocampus of fluorosis mice. These results suggested that SB could ameliorate fluorosis-induced neurotoxicity, which might be linked with its function in regulating glycolysis as well as inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway. Sodium butyrate ameliorates fluorosis-induced neurotoxicity by regulating hippocampal glycolysis in vivo (created with MedPeer (www.medpeer.cn)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
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13
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Lempesis IG, Georgakopoulou VE, Papalexis P, Chrousos GP, Spandidos DA. Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:124. [PMID: 37711028 PMCID: PMC10552722 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a state of disrupted homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the stressors, which are counteracted by various physiological and behavioural adaptive responses. Stress has been linked to cancer development and incidence for decades; however, epidemiological studies and clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. The present review discusses the effects of stress on cancer development and the various underlying mechanisms. Animal studies have revealed a clear link between stress and cancer progression, revealing molecular, cellular and endocrine processes that are implicated in these effects. Thus, stress hormones, their receptor systems and their intracellular molecular pathways mediate the effects of stress on cancer initiation, progression and the development of metastases. The mechanisms linking stress and cancer progression can either be indirect, mediated by changes in the cancer microenvironment or immune system dysregulation, or direct, through the binding of neuroendocrine stress‑related signalling molecules to cancer cell receptors. Stress affects numerous anti‑ and pro‑cancer immune system components, including host resistance to metastasis, tumour retention and/or immune suppression. Chronic psychological stress through the elevation of catecholamine levels may increase cancer cell death resistance. On the whole, stress is linked to cancer development and incidence, with psychological stressors playing a crucial role. Animal studies have revealed a better link than human ones, with stress‑related hormones influencing tumour development, migration, invasion and cell proliferation. Randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate the long‑term cancer outcomes of stress and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases-COVID-19 Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Papalexis
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P. Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational and Experimental Surgery Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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14
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Song M, Wang Y, Annex BH, Popel AS. Experiment-based computational model predicts that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling exhibit similar potency in inducing downstream signaling in endothelial cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37735165 PMCID: PMC10514195 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine mediated responses are important in the development of many diseases that are associated with angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenesis as a prominent strategy has shown limited effects in many contexts such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. One potential reason for the unsuccessful outcome is the mutual dependent role between inflammation and angiogenesis. Inflammation-based therapies primarily target inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in T cells, macrophages, cancer cells, and muscle cells, and there is a limited understanding of how these cytokines act on endothelial cells. Thus, we focus on one of the major inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, mediated intracellular signaling in endothelial cells by developing a detailed computational model. Our model quantitatively characterized the effects of IL-6 classic and trans-signaling in activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to phosphorylate STAT3, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, respectively. We applied the trained and validated experiment-based computational model to characterize the dynamics of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), Akt (pAkt), and ERK (pERK) in response to IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling. The model predicts that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling induced responses are IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) dose-dependent. Also, IL-6 classic and trans-signaling showed similar potency in inducing downstream signaling; however, trans-signaling induces stronger downstream responses and plays a dominant role in the overall effects from IL-6 due to the in vitro experimental setting of abundant sIL-6R. In addition, both IL-6 and sIL-6R levels regulate signaling strength. Moreover, our model identifies the influential species and kinetic parameters that specifically modulate the downstream inflammatory and/or angiogenic signals, pSTAT3, pAkt, and pERK responses. Overall, the model predicts the effects of IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling stimulation quantitatively and provides a framework for analyzing and integrating experimental data. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify potential targets that influence IL-6 mediated signaling in endothelial cells and to study their effects quantitatively in modulating STAT3, Akt, and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Youli Wang
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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15
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Le-Trung N, Duong TM, Dang TTP, Kamei K. Potent anti-cancer activity of Sphaerocoryne affinis fruit against cervical cancer HeLa cells via inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 37598145 PMCID: PMC10439542 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer remains a significant global health issue, highlighting the need for effective therapeutic strategies. Given that Sphaerocoryne affinis (SA) has shown potential anti-cancer activity in several cancer types, herein, we investigate the effects of SA fruit (SAF) on human cervical cancer HeLa cells and their underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS SAF extract cytotoxicity was assessed in various cancer cell lines. The effects of the hexane fraction (SAF-Hex) on HeLa cell viability, cell cycle protein expression, apoptosis, and DNA damage were evaluated using cytotoxicity assays, Western blotting, quantitative PCR, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS SAF-Hex selectively inhibited HeLa cell viability with an IC50 of 4.20 ± 0.36 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 5.11 ± 0.58. The time-dependent cytotoxicity assay showed decreased cell survival after 48 h of treatment, accompanied by morphological changes and apoptotic bodies in HeLa cells. SAF-Hex also suppressed HeLa cell cycle proteins (Cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK1), reduced PCNA transcription, and diminished AKT and mTOR activation, thus inhibiting cell proliferation. The increased γH2AX expression, DNA fragmentation, and caspases-3 and -9 activation indicated SAF-Hex-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. However, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio remained unchanged, and BAX and BCL2 expression was attenuated. CONCLUSION SAF-Hex effectively inhibits HeLa cell proliferation and induces DNA damage in that cervical cancer cell line activating apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Interestingly, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio remained unchanged while BAX and BCL2 transcription was attenuated. Hence, further research is required to explore this unexpected finding and facilitate the development of novel therapies targeting cervical cancer HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Le-Trung
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tue Minh Duong
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Dang
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kaeko Kamei
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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16
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Chaturvedi S, Biswas M, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. Role of EGFR and FASN in breast cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00771-w. [PMID: 37490191 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) emerged as one of the life-threatening diseases among females. Despite notable improvements made in cancer detection and treatment worldwide, according to GLOBACAN 2020, BC is the fifth leading cancer, with an estimated 1 in 6 cancer deaths, in a majority of countries. However, the exact cause that leads to BC progression still needs to be determined. Here, we reviewed the role of two novel biomarkers responsible for 50-70% of BC progression. The first one is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which belongs to the ErbB tyrosine kinases family, signalling pathways associated with it play a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and division. Another one is fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme responsible for the de novo lipid synthesis required for cancer cell development. This review presents a rationale for the EGFR-mediated pathways, their interaction with FASN, communion of these two biomarkers with BC, and improvements to overcome drug resistance caused by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India.
- Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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17
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Ye F, Dewanjee S, Li Y, Jha NK, Chen ZS, Kumar A, Vishakha, Behl T, Jha SK, Tang H. Advancements in clinical aspects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:105. [PMID: 37415164 PMCID: PMC10324146 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The heterogeneity of this disease presents a big challenge in its therapeutic management. However, recent advances in molecular biology and immunology enable to develop highly targeted therapies for many forms of breast cancer. The primary objective of targeted therapy is to inhibit a specific target/molecule that supports tumor progression. Ak strain transforming, cyclin-dependent kinases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and different growth factors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for specific breast cancer subtypes. Many targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials, and some have already received the FDA approval as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, the targeted drugs have yet to achieve therapeutic promise against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this aspect, immune therapy has come up as a promising therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Different immunotherapeutic modalities including immune-checkpoint blockade, vaccination, and adoptive cell transfer have been extensively studied in the clinical setting of breast cancer, especially in TNBC patients. The FDA has already approved some immune-checkpoint blockers in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat TNBC and several trials are ongoing. This review provides an overview of clinical developments and recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for breast cancer treatment. The successes, challenges, and prospects were critically discussed to portray their profound prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Shabbir S, Khurram E, Moorthi VS, Eissa YTH, Kamal MA, Butler AE. The interplay between androgens and the immune response in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Transl Med 2023; 21:259. [PMID: 37062827 PMCID: PMC10105935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic-reproductive-endocrine disorder that, while having a genetic component, is known to have a complex multifactorial etiology. As PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion, standardized criteria have been developed for its diagnosis. The general consensus is that hyperandrogenism is the primary feature of PCOS and is associated with an array of physiological dysfunctions; excess androgens, for example, have been correlated with cytokine hypersecretion, adipocyte proliferation, and signaling pathway dysregulation. Another key feature of PCOS is insulin resistance, resulting in aberrant glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, the immune system plays a key role in PCOS. Hyperandrogenism stimulates some immune cells while it inhibits others, thereby disrupting the normal balance of immune cells and creating a state of chronic inflammation. This low-grade inflammation could contribute to infertility since it induces ovarian dysfunction. This dysregulated immune response in PCOS exhibits autoimmunity characteristics that require further investigation. This review paper examines the relationship between androgens and the immune response and how their malfunction contributes to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Shabbir
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Emaan Khurram
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | | | | | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Xue W, Sun R, Hao Z, Xing Z, Cheng H, Shao L. Tetrandrine inhibits migration and invasion of BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:927-936. [PMID: 36593659 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine (Tet), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine extract, exhibits anti-cancer effect on many types of cancer. Nonetheless, the action mechanism of Tet in gastric cancer (GC) is still largely unclear. In the current study, proliferation, invasion, and migration of the BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells were effectively suppressed by Tet treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Tet suppressed expression of the proliferation-associated protein PCNA, the interstitial cell phenotype N-cadherin, and the extracellular matrix-associated MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PI3K/AKT/mTOR, a cancer promoting signaling, was inactivated by Tet in a dose-dependent manner in BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the inhibition of Tet to PCNA, N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression was partly rescuedby AKT inhibitor or mTOR inhibitor. In animal experiments, tumor growth was inhibited by Tet administration in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the current data indicated that Tet had a critical effect on inhibiting BGC-823 and MKN-45 cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting that Tet might be a potential treatment for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Hongjie Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaozuo, China
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Weintraub MA, Liu D, DeMatteo R, Goncalves MD, Flory J. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Hyperglycemia in Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Pathway Inhibition. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2655905. [PMID: 36993733 PMCID: PMC10055504 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2655905/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition is used for the treatment of certain cancers, but can cause profound hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, for which sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been proposed as a preferred therapy. The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors for hyperglycemia in PI3K inhibition. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective review of adults initiating the PI3k inhibitor alpelisib. Exposure to different antidiabetic drugs and adverse events including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were assessed through chart review. Plasma and point-of-care blood glucoses were extracted from the electronic medical record. Change in serum glucose and the rate of DKA on SGLT2 inhibitor versus other antidiabetic drugs were examined as co-primary outcomes. Results We identified 103 patients meeting eligibility criteria with median follow-up of 85 days after starting alpelisib. When SGLT2 inhibitors were used to treat hyperglycemia, they were associated with a decrease in mean random glucose by -54 mg/dL (95% CI -99 to -8) in adjusted linear modeling. Five cases of DKA were identified, two occurring in patients on alpelisib plus SGLT2 inhibitor. Estimated incidence of DKA was: alpelisib plus SGLT2 inhibitor, 24 DKA cases per 100 patient-years (95% CI 6, 80); alpelisib with non-SGLT2 inhibitor antidiabetic drugs, 7 (95% CI 0.1, 34); alpelisib only, 4 (95% CI 0.1, 21). Conclusions SGLT2 inhibitors are effective treatments for hyperglycemia in the setting of PI3K inhibition, but given possible adverse events, SGLT2 inhibitors should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dazhi Liu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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21
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Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1407-1424. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly found in the context of liver cirrhosis and, in rare cases, in a healthy liver. Its prevalence has risen in recent years, particularly in Western nations, due to the increasing frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advanced HCC has a poor prognosis. For many years, the only proven therapy for unresectable HCC (uHCC) was sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recently, the synergistic effect of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab outperformed sorafenib alone in terms of survival, making it the recommended first-line therapy. Other multikinase inhibitors, lenvatinib and regorafenib, were also recommended as first and second-line drugs, respectively. Intermediate-stage HCC patients with retained liver function, particularly uHCC without extrahepatic metastasis, may benefit from trans-arterial chemoembolization. The current problem in uHCC is selecting a patient for the best treatment while considering the preexisting liver condition and liver function. Indeed, all study patients had a Child-Pugh class A, and the best therapy for other individuals is unknown. Additionally, in the absence of a medical contraindication, atezolizumab could be combined with bevacizumab for uHCC systemic therapy. Several studies are now underway to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs, and the first findings are encouraging. The paradigm of uHCC therapy is changing dramatically, and many obstacles remain for optimum patient management in the near future. The purpose of this commentary review was to give an insight into current systemic treatment options for patients with uHCC who are not candidates for surgery to cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - PathompThep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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22
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Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1551-1568. [PMID: 36970588 PMCID: PMC10037251 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i10.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most commonly found in the context of liver cirrhosis and, in rare cases, in a healthy liver. Its prevalence has risen in recent years, particularly in Western nations, due to the increasing frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advanced HCC has a poor prognosis. For many years, the only proven therapy for unresectable HCC (uHCC) was sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Recently, the synergistic effect of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, atezolizumab, and bevacizumab outperformed sorafenib alone in terms of survival, making it the recommended first-line therapy. Other multikinase inhibitors, lenvatinib and regorafenib, were also recommended as first and second-line drugs, respectively. Intermediate-stage HCC patients with retained liver function, particularly uHCC without extrahepatic metastasis, may benefit from trans-arterial chemoembolization. The current problem in uHCC is selecting a patient for the best treatment while considering the preexisting liver condition and liver function. Indeed, all study patients had a Child-Pugh class A, and the best therapy for other individuals is unknown. Additionally, in the absence of a medical contraindication, atezolizumab could be combined with bevacizumab for uHCC systemic therapy. Several studies are now underway to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs, and the first findings are encouraging. The paradigm of uHCC therapy is changing dramatically, and many obstacles remain for optimum patient management in the near future. The purpose of this commentary review was to give an insight into current systemic treatment options for patients with uHCC who are not candidates for surgery to cure the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - PathompThep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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23
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Lv Y, Mou Y, Su J, Liu S, Ding X, Yuan Y, Li G, Li G. The inhibitory effect and mechanism of Resina Draconis on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a network pharmacology-based analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3816. [PMID: 36882618 PMCID: PMC9992681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Resina Draconis (RD) is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation" and possesses antitumor properties against various types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC); however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. To explore the potential mechanism of RD against BC using network pharmacology and experimental validation, data on bioactive compounds, potential targets of RD, and related genes of BC were obtained from multiple public databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed via the DAVID database. Protein interactions were downloaded from the STRING database. The mRNA and protein expression levels and survival analysis of the hub targets were analyzed using the UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan‒Meier mapper, and cBioPortal databases. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to verify the selected key ingredients and hub targets. Finally, the predicted results of network pharmacology methods were verified by cell experiments. In total, 160 active ingredients were obtained, and 148 RD target genes for the treatment of BC were identified. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that RD exerted its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating multiple pathways. Of these, the PI3K-AKT pathway was indicated to play an important role. In addition, RD treatment of BC seemed to involve the regulation of hub targets that were identified based on PPI interaction network analysis. Validation in different databases showed that AKT1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, SRC and MDM2 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC and that ESR1, IGF1 and HSP90AA1 were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Molecular docking results showed that 103 active compounds have good binding activity with the hub targets, among which flavonoid compounds were the most important active components. Therefore, the sanguis draconis flavones (SDF) were selected for subsequent cell experiments. The experimental results showed that SDF significantly inhibited the cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway and induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. This study has preliminarily reported on the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of RD against BC, and RD was shown to exert its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and related gene targets. Importantly, our work could provide a theoretical basis for further study of the complex anti-BC mechanism of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Lv
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Yan Mou
- Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Jing Su
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Shifang Liu
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Xuan Ding
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China
| | - Ge Li
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Yunnan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinghong, 666100, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Jinghong, 666100, China.
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24
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Song M, Wang Y, Annex BH, Popel AS. Experiment-based Computational Model Predicts that IL-6 Trans-Signaling Plays a Dominant Role in IL-6 mediated signaling in Endothelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.526721. [PMID: 36778489 PMCID: PMC9915676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine mediated responses are important in the development of many diseases that are associated with angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenesis as a prominent strategy has shown limited effects in many contexts such as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and cancer. One potential reason for the unsuccessful outcome is the mutual dependent role between inflammation and angiogenesis. Inflammation-based therapies primarily target inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) in T cells, macrophages, cancer cells, muscle cells, and there is a limited understanding of how these cytokines act on endothelial cells. Thus, we focus on one of the major inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, mediated intracellular signaling in endothelial cells by developing a detailed computational model. Our model quantitatively characterized the effects of IL-6 classic and trans-signaling in activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to phosphorylate STAT3, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, respectively. We applied the trained and validated experiment-based computational model to characterize the dynamics of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), Akt (pAkt), and extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) in response to IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling. The model predicts that IL-6 classic and trans-signaling induced responses are IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) dose-dependent. Also, IL-6 trans-signaling induces stronger downstream signaling and plays a dominant role in the overall effects from IL-6. In addition, both IL-6 and sIL-6R levels regulate signaling strength. Moreover, our model identifies the influential species and kinetic parameters that specifically modulate the pSTAT3, pAkt, and pERK responses, which represent potential targets for inflammatory cytokine mediated signaling and angiogenesis-based therapies. Overall, the model predicts the effects of IL-6 classic and/or trans-signaling stimulation quantitatively and provides a framework for analyzing and integrating experimental data. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify targets that influence inflammatory cytokine mediated signaling in endothelial cells and to study the effects of angiogenesis- and inflammation-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205
| | - Youli Wang
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA 30912
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA 30912
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205
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25
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Zhai Z, Zhu Z, Kong F, Xie D, Cai J, Dai J, Zhong Y, Gan Y, Zheng S, Xu Y, Sun T. Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Angina pectoris (AP), affecting over 523 million people, can be alleviated by corydalis rhizome (CR), usually combined with chuanxiong rhizome (CXR), angelica dahuricae radix (ADR), or astragali radix (AR) to enhance the effect. This study aims to distinguish the different mechanisms among 3 drug pairs to treat AP. Methods: The drug pair-disease intersection targets, compound targets, protein–protein interaction (PPI), and herb-compound-target-pathway network were obtained by Cytoscape, STRING, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses ( http://www.kegg.jp/ or http://www.genome.jp/kegg/ ). Importantly, with principal component analysis (PCA), the key point of KEGG and GO were explored and supported, while by meta-analysis, the different mechanisms of the drug pairs on AP were discovered. Results: JUN, SRC, PIK3CA, and MAPK1 as PPI core network of CR-AP, (CR-CXR)-AP, (CR-ADR)-AP, and (CR-AR)-AP. (highest confidence > 0.9). 10, 45, 35, and 21 key compounds, and 68, 123, 117, and 97 core targets were obtained from CR-AP, (CR-CXR)-AP, (CR-ADR)-AP, and (CR-AR)-AP based on more than 2-fold median value for degree and betweenness centrality, more than the median of closeness centrality. The core pathways of (CR-CXR)-AP and (CR-AR)-AP cover “fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis” and the “pathways in cancer”, while (CR-ADR)-AP was found as the “pathways in cancer” by PCA and KEGG ( P < .01). The core biological processes of (BP) (CR-CXR)-AP, (CR-ADR)-AP, and (CR-AR)-AP were all enriched in the “circulatory system process” by PCA and GO ( P < .01). Moreover, meta-analysis indicated the significant differences ( P < .05) of the 3 drug pairs. Conclusion: CR-CXR, CR-ADR, or CR-AR outperformed CR-AP in AP mitigation. Furthermore, meta-analysis revealed, CR-CXR was superior to alleviating AP by affecting “circulatory system process” and “fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis”, particularly the targets PTGS1, PTGS2, ADRB2, ADRA2C, and NOS, when compared with the drug pair of CR-ADR and the CR-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Zhong
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxiong Gan
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichao Zheng
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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26
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Sicotte H, Kalari KR, Qin S, Dehm SM, Bhargava V, Gormley M, Tan W, Sinnwell JP, Hillman DW, Li Y, Vedell PT, Carlson RE, Bryce AH, Jimenez RE, Weinshilboum RM, Kohli M, Wang L. Molecular Profile Changes in Patients with Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Pre- and Post-Abiraterone/Prednisone Treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1739-1750. [PMID: 36135372 PMCID: PMC9716248 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We identified resistance mechanisms to abiraterone acetate/prednisone (AA/P) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the Prostate Cancer Medically Optimized Genome-Enhanced Therapy (PROMOTE) study. We analyzed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing data from 83 patients with metastatic biopsies before (V1) and after 12 weeks of AA/P treatment (V2). Resistance was determined by time to treatment change (TTTC). At V2, 18 and 11 of 58 patients had either short-term (median 3.6 months; range 1.4-4.5) or long-term (median 29 months; range 23.5-41.7) responses, respectively. Nonresponders had low expression of TGFBR3 and increased activation of the Wnt pathway, cell cycle, upregulation of AR variants, both pre- and posttreatment, with further deletion of AR inhibitor CDK11B posttreatment. Deletion of androgen processing genes, HSD17B11, CYP19A1 were observed in nonresponders posttreatment. Genes involved in cell cycle, DNA repair, Wnt-signaling, and Aurora kinase pathways were differentially expressed between the responder and non-responder at V2. Activation of Wnt signaling in nonresponder and deactivation of MYC or its target genes in responders was detected via SCN loss, somatic mutations, and transcriptomics. Upregulation of genes in the AURKA pathway are consistent with the activation of MYC regulated genes in nonresponders. Several genes in the AKT1 axis had increased mutation rate in nonresponders. We also found evidence of resistance via PDCD1 overexpression in responders. IMPLICATIONS Finally, we identified candidates drugs to reverse AA/P resistance: topoisomerase inhibitors and drugs targeting the cell cycle via the MYC/AURKA/AURKB/TOP2A and/or PI3K_AKT_MTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Sicotte
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago., Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Vipul Bhargava
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Gormley
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Winston Tan
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jason P. Sinnwell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David W. Hillman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter T. Vedell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel E. Carlson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alan H. Bryce
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Richard M. Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Uncovering the Key Targets and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Qizhen Capsule in Gastric Cancer through Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatic Analyses. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1718143. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1718143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study is aimed at screening out effective active compounds of Qizhen capsule (QZC) and exploring the underlying mechanisms against gastric cancer (GACA) by combining both bioinformatic analysis and experimental approaches. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), network pharmacology, molecular docking simulation, survival analysis, and data-based differential gene and protein expression analysis were employed to predict QZC’s potential targets and explore the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, multiple experiments, including cell viability, apoptosis, and protein expression analyses, were conducted to validate the bioinformatics-predicted therapeutic targets. The results indicated that luteolin, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol were vital active compounds, and TP53, MAPK1, and AKT1 were key targets. Molecular docking simulation showed that the four abovementioned active compounds had high binding affinities to the three main targets. Enrichment analysis showed that vital active compounds exerted therapeutic effects on GACA through regulating the TP53 pathway, MAPK pathway, and PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, data-based gene expression analysis revealed that TP53 and JUN genes were not only differentially expressed between normal and GACA tissues but also correlated with clinical stages. In parallel, in vitro experimental results suggested that QZC exerted therapeutic effects on GACA by decreasing IC50 values, downregulating AKT expression, upregulating TP53 and MAPK expression, and increasing apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. This study highlights the potential candidate biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and basic mechanisms of QZC in treating GACA, providing a foundation for new drug development, target mining, and related animal studies in GACA.
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Yang H, Velmurugan BK, Chen M, Lin C, Lo Y, Chuang Y, Ho H, Hsieh M, Ko J. 7‐Epitaxol
induces apoptosis in cisplatin‐resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via suppression of
AKT
and
MAPK
signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5807-5819. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Ju Yang
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | | | - Mu‐Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jiunn‐Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
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Izuegbuna OO. Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008893. [PMID: 36386899 PMCID: PMC9643866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to possess antineoplastic properties which include cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis via multiple mechanisms. They also have immunomodulatory activities where they enhance T cell activation and suppress regulatory T cells. They carry out these actions through such pathways as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the kynurenine. They can also reverse cancer resistance to chemotherapy agents. In this review, i look at some of the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and their potential roles as therapeutic agents in hematological malignancies. Here i discuss their anti-proliferative and anti-neoplastic activities especially their abilities modulate signaling pathways as well as immune response in hematological malignancies. I also looked at clinical studies done mainly in the last 10-15 years on various polyphenol combination and how they enhance synergism. I recommend that further preclinical and clinical studies be carried out to ensure safety and efficacy before polyphenol therapies be officially moved to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu O. Izuegbuna
- Department of Haematology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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30
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Repression of Memo1, a Novel Target of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7, Increases Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0122922. [PMID: 36197110 PMCID: PMC9599245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01229-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced carcinogenesis is associated with unregulated expression of the oncoproteins E6 and E7. HPV E7 is a viral protein that lacks enzymatic activity; however, it can target several cellular proteins to induce cell transformation and promote uncontrolled proliferation. Although several E7 targets have been described, there are still gaps in the understanding of how this oncoprotein drives cells toward malignancy. Here, using a small HPV type 16 (HPV16) E7 peptide in a proteomic approach, we report Memo1 as a new E7 binding partner, interacting through the aspartic and glutamic acid residues (E80 and D81) in the C-terminal region of HPV16 E7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HPV16 E7 targets Memo1 for proteasomal degradation through a Cullin2-dependent mechanism. In addition, we show that overexpression of Memo1 decreases cell transformation and proliferation and that reduction of Memo1 levels correlate with activation of Akt and an increase in invasion of HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines. Our results show a novel HPV E7 interacting partner and describe novel functions of Memo1 in the context of HPV-induced malignancy. IMPORTANCE Although numerous targets have been reported to interact with the HPV E7 oncoprotein, the mechanisms involved in HPV-induced carcinogenesis and the maintenance of cell transformation are still lacking. Here, through pulldown assays using a peptide encompassing the C-terminal region of HPV16 E7, we report Memo1 as a novel E7 interactor. High levels of Memo1 correlated with reduced cell proliferation and, concordantly, knockdown of Memo1 resulted in Akt activation in HPV-positive cell lines. These results highlight new mechanisms used by HPV oncoproteins to modulate proliferation pathways in cervical cancer cells and increase our understanding of the link between Memo1 protein and cancer.
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Nair VA, Malhab LJB, Abdel-Rahman WM. Characterization of the Molecular Alterations Induced by the Prolonged Exposure of Normal Colon Mucosa and Colon Cancer Cells to Low-Dose Bisphenol A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911620. [PMID: 36232920 PMCID: PMC9569561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer with a poor prognosis in both males and females. The influence of bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used environmental contaminant, in colon cancer development and progression is not well identified, in spite of the fact that the most common mode of exposure to BPA is ingestion. The aim of this work is to elucidate the carcinogenic effects of BPA in the colon in vitro. We analyzed BPA’s effects on human colon epithelial (HCoEpiC) and colon cancer (HCT116) cells. BPA exerted cytotoxic effects and augmented the 5FU cytotoxicity on both cell lines at high doses, while it did not show this effect at low doses. Therefore, we focused on studying the effects of low-dose (0.0043 nM) exposure on normal colonic epithelial cells for a long period of time (two months), which is more consistent with environmental exposure levels and patterns. BPA increased cellular invasiveness through collagen and the ability to anchorage-independent cell growth, as measured by colony formation in soft agar, which could support oncogenicity. To gain insights into the mechanism of these actions, we performed transcriptomic analysis using next-generation sequencing, which revealed 340 differentially expressed transcripts by BPA in HCT116 and 75 in HCoEpiC. These transcripts belong in many cancer-related pathways such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and angiogenesis. Some of the significant genes (FAM83H, CXCL12, PITPNA, HMOX1, DGKZ, NR5A2, VMP1, and ID1) were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, BPA induced the phosphorylation of protein kinases such as JNK1/2/3, GSK-3α/β, AMPKα1, AKT1/2/3, AMPKα2, HSP27, β-catenin, STAT2, Hck, Chk2, FAK, and PRAS40 in HCoEpiC, as well as GSK-3α/β, p53, AKT1/2/3, p70 S6 kinase, and WNK1 in HCT116. The majority of these proteins are involved in potential carcinogenic pathways. Taken together, these data suggest that BPA plays a role in colon carcinogenesis, and they provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of colon epithelial cell transformation by BPA. Increasing exposure to environmental toxins such as BPA can explain the increasing incidence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-65057556
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Flavones: Six Selected Flavones and Their Related Signaling Pathways That Induce Apoptosis in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810965. [PMID: 36142874 PMCID: PMC9505532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a horrific disease that, to date, has no cure. It is caused by various factors and takes many lives. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism and if it does not function correctly in cancer cells, it can lead to severe disease. There are various signaling pathways for regulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Flavonoids are non-artificial natural bioactive compounds that are gaining attention as being capable of for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Among these, in this study, we focus on flavones. Flavones are a subclass of the numerous available flavonoids and possess several bioactive functions. Some of the most reported and well-known critical flavones, namely apigenin, acacetin, baicalein, luteolin, tangeretin, and wogonin, are discussed in depth in this review. Our main aim is to investigate the effects of the selected flavones on apoptosis and cell signaling pathways that contribute to death due to various types of cancers.
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Dasatinib enhances curcumin-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and protective autophagy in human schwannoma cells HEI-193: The role of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:403-414. [PMID: 36651538 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out in human schwannoma cells (HEI-193) to determine the combined anti-cancer effect of curcumin and dasatinib. Cells were treated with curcumin only, dasatinib only, or the combination of curcumin and dasatinib for 24 hours. Cellular toxicity, cell proliferation, and cell death were determined by LDH, MTT, and trypan blue dye assays, respectively. ELISA based kit was used to determine apoptotic cell death. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of apoptotic and autophagy-associated protein markers. Similarly, expression levels of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway-related proteins were studied using Western blotting. Cell death and apoptosis were significantly higher in HEI-193 cells treated with curcumin and dasatinib combination compared to individual controls. The combination of curcumin and dasatinib significantly enhances autophagy markers compared to individual controls. Furthermore, the combination of curcumin and dasatinib significantly activates Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway compared to individual controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of curcumin and dasatinib significantly enhances cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and protective autophagy in HEI-193 cells through Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway.
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Li Z, Nong D, Li B, Wang H, Li C, Chen Z, Li X, Huang G, Lin J, Hao N, Li W. Effect of AKT silence on malignant biological behavior of renal cell carcinoma cells. BMC Urol 2022; 22:129. [PMID: 35996134 PMCID: PMC9396790 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most common malignant tumor of primary renal tumor, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the highly invasive disease with high mortality. AKT is a serine/threonine kinase that play a critical role in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, and it is an attractive target for RCC treatment. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of AKT silence on malignant behavior of renal cell carcinoma cells. METHODS AKT expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and normal tissues. The human RCC cell lines Caki-2 cell were chosen for this study. The optimal silencing siRNA was subsequently selected by RT-qPCR and western blot. The effect of AKT silence on RCC cells was investigated by CCK8 assay, transwell assay, scratch test and flow cytometry. The AKT1 expression in human renal cell carcinoma tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The AKT in Caki-2 cells was silenced successfully. The results shown AKT silence could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and, migration. In addition, AKT silence could promote Caki-2 cell apoptosis with prevention of RCC cells move from G1 phase to S phase. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significant difference of expression of AKT1 in RCC tissues and normal renal tissues. Taken together, AKT family members might involve in malignant growth of RCC, and might be a potential therapeutic target. CONCLUSION Our data show that AKT silence inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and, migration of Caki-2 cell, and promoted Caki-2 cell apoptosis. Moreover, AKT silence prevented RCC cells move from G1 phase to S phase. Therefore, AKT may act as an effective therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuan Li
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - DeYong Nong
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Bincai Li
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Haojian Wang
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ximing Li
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guihai Huang
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Nan Hao
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Melatonin, Which Induces ROS Production in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081621. [PMID: 36009340 PMCID: PMC9404709 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a group of highly reactive molecules that have evolved as regulators of important signaling pathways. In this context, tumor cells have an altered redox balance compared to normal cells, which can be targeted as an antitumoral therapy by ROS levels and by decreasing the capacity of the antioxidant system, leading to programmed cell death. Melatonin is of particular importance in the development of innovative cancer treatments due to its oncostatic impact and lack of adverse effects. Despite being widely recognized as a pro-oxidant molecule in tumor cells, the mechanism of action of melatonin remains unclear, which has hindered its use in clinical treatments. The current review aims to describe and clarify the proposed mechanism of action of melatonin inducing ROS production in cancer cells in order to propose future anti-neoplastic clinical applications.
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A Comprehensive Review on the Anti-Cancer Effects of Oleuropein. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081140. [PMID: 36013319 PMCID: PMC9409738 DOI: 10.3390/life12081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Mediterranean cuisine and culture, olive oil and olive fruits play a significant role. Many people believe that those who consume olive oil and its fruit live longer and have a decreased risk of illness. Olive leaves were used to treat a range of diseases in ancient times, including malaria fever and lower earaches. Although it was not understood at the time what key components were responsible for these effects because they had not yet been discovered, Oleuropein is now recognized as one of the primary elements in immature olive fruits and leaves. Later research was carried out to determine the effects of this molecule, and it was determined that it functions as an antioxidant. Oleuropein consumption has aided in cancer treatment over the years, and this was assumed to be owing to its antioxidant properties. Oleuropein’s effects on cancer, however, go beyond that; it is now known that Oleuropein functions as both an anti-proliferative and an apoptotic promoter in many cancer cells. The kinetics and dosages of Oleuropein and the mechanisms behind its involvement and effects in cancer are explored in this review. Finally, the effects of Oleuropein in combination with anticancer medicines are investigated.
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JIB-04, a Pan-Inhibitor of Histone Demethylases, Targets Histone-Lysine-Demethylase-Dependent AKT Pathway, Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibition of Cancer Stem-Like Cell Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147657. [PMID: 35887001 PMCID: PMC9322929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
JIB-04, a pan-histone lysine demethylase (KDM) inhibitor, targets drug-resistant cells, along with colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are crucial for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Despite the advances in CSC biology, the effect of JIB-04 on liver CSCs (LCSCs) and the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated yet. Here, we showed that JIB-04 targeted KDMs, leading to the growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of HCC, and abolished the viability of LCSCs. JIB-04 significantly attenuated CSC tumorsphere formation, growth, relapse, migration, and invasion in vitro. Among KDMs, the deficiency of KDM4B, KDM4D, and KDM6B reduced the viability of the tumorspheres, suggesting their roles in the function of LCSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that JIB-04 affected various cancer-related pathways, especially the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is crucial for HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs. Our results revealed KDM6B-dependent AKT2 expression and the downregulation of E2F-regulated genes via JIB-04-induced inhibition of the AKT2/FOXO3a/p21/RB axis. A ChIP assay demonstrated JIB-04-induced reduction in H3K27me3 at the AKT2 promoter and the enrichment of KDM6B within this promoter. Overall, our results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of JIB-04 on HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs is mediated via targeting the KDM6B-AKT2 pathway, indicating the therapeutic potential of JIB-04.
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Yang Q, Bariani MV, Falahati A, Khosh A, Lastra RR, Siblini H, Boyer TG, Al-Hendy A. The Functional Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 9 in Human Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:2160. [PMID: 35883603 PMCID: PMC9323884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is the most common type of uterine sarcoma associated with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence, and metastasis. There is currently limited information about uLMS molecular mechanisms of origin and development. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are involved in many biological processes, most notably epigenetic regulation of transcription, and BRD protein dysfunction has been linked to many diseases including tumorigenesis. However, the role of BRD proteins in the pathogenesis of uLMS is unknown. Here, we show for the first time that BRD9 is aberrantly overexpressed in uLMS tissues compared to adjacent myometrium. BRD9 expression is also upregulated in uLMS cell lines compared to benign uterine fibroid and myometrium cell lines. Inhibition of BRD9 using the specific inhibitor (TP-472) suppressed uLMS cell proliferation via inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To further characterize the mechanistic basis for TP-472 inhibition of uLMS cell growth, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of vehicle-treated and TP-472-treated uLMS cells (n = 4 each). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TP-472 treatment distinctly altered the uLMS cell transcriptome. Gene set enrichment analysis identified critical pathways altered by BRD9 inhibition, including interferon-alpha response, KRAS signaling, MYC targets, TNF-a signaling via NFkB, and MTORC1 signaling. Parsimonious gene correlation network analysis identified nine enriched modules, including cell cycle and apoptosis modules. Moreover, the ENCODE Histone Modifications gene set and TargetScan microRNA analysis in Enrichr suggested that TP-472-induced BRD9 inhibition may alter the uLMS cell transcriptome by reprograming the oncogenic epigenome and inducing miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Therefore, BRD9 constitutes a specific vulnerability in malignant uLMS, and targeting non-BET BRD proteins in uLMS may provide a promising and novel strategy for treating patients with this aggressive uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ali Falahati
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran; (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Azad Khosh
- Department of Biology, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran; (A.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Ricardo R. Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Hiba Siblini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.V.B.); (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
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Manfredi B, Neighbors JD, Hohl RJ. Cytotoxic Effects of the Schweinfurthin Analog 5′-Methylschweinfurthin G in Malignant Plasma Cells. Pharmacology 2022; 107:510-523. [DOI: 10.1159/000525299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B plasma cell malignancy currently incurable, and novel therapeutics are needed. Evidences regarding the effect of natural compound schweinfurthins suggest that hematological cancers showed growth inhibitory effects to this family of compounds at single nanomolar concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of the schweinfurthin synthetic analog 5′-methylschweinfurthin G (MeSG) in MM cell lines, to better understand the validity of this compound as a therapeutic candidate for further studies in MM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MeSG toxicity against MM cell lines RPMI-8226, MM.1S, and H-929 was evaluated. Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays measured cell viability and mitochondrial activity, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptotic mitochondria. Flow cytometry and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate apoptosis and to examine the cell cycle. Western blotting was used to determine AKT activation upon MeSG treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We provide evidence that in all MM cells analyzed, MeSG exerts diverse cytotoxic effects. MeSG treatment of MM.1S and H-929, but not in RPMI-8226, causes a loss of mitochondria membrane potential. MeSG causes an arrest in G<sub>2</sub>/M, especially in RPMI-8226, supported by decreased levels of cyclin-B1 and early increased levels of p21. Finally, there is a diverse response to the MeSG treatment for AKT phosphorylation. MM.1S and H-929 showed a marked decrease in AKT phosphorylation at earlier time points compared to the RPMI-8226 line. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> MeSG cytotoxicity has been confirmed in all of 3 cell lines studied. Results suggest an early event of increased reactive oxygen species, and/or involvement of cholesterol homeostasis via decreased AKT activation, both of which are currently under investigation.
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Ma X, Ru Y, Luo Y, Kuai L, Chen QL, Bai Y, Liu YQ, Chen J, Luo Y, Song JK, Zhou M, Li B. Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942838. [PMID: 35874824 PMCID: PMC9301047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
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MARCH1 silencing suppresses growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of PHLPP2. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1311-1321. [PMID: 35122633 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent type of oral cancer and is associated with high mortality. Membrane-associated ring-CH type finger 1 (MARCH1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with roles in immune regulation and cancer development. Whether MARCH1 has a specific role in OSCC, and if so through what mechanism, has not been explored. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine MARCH1 expression in OSCC clinical samples and adjacent paracancerous tissues. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were conducted to determine mRNA expression and protein levels, respectively. Knockdown and overexpression experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of MARCH1 on proliferation and apoptosis. To test protein-protein interaction, co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed. Finally, tumor cell grafting was utilized to test the function of MARCH in vivo. RESULTS High MARCH1 expression in OSCC clinical samples correlated with poor patient prognosis. Functionally, MARCH1 knockdown in OSCC cells suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while MARCH1 overexpression displayed the opposite effects. We identified PH Domain And Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase (PHLPP) 2 as an important target of MARCH1. Mechanistically, MARCH1 interacted with PHLPP2 and promoted PHLPP2 ubiquitination. Lastly, MARCH1 knockdown suppressed OSCC tumorigenicity in vivo and increased PHLPP2 protein level. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered a function of MARCH1 in OSCC and identified PHLPP2 as an important target of MARCH1 to modulate OSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7270782. [PMID: 35726317 PMCID: PMC9206558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7270782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of black rice, well-known as postharvest agricultural waste, contain a rich source of antioxidants with multiple benefits for human health. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from black rice leaf was separated into five subfractions using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The results revealed that among all the subfractions, subfraction 5 (Sub5) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid values. The antioxidant activity was also superior in Sub5 (the IC50 values are 3.23, 31.95, and 72.74 μg/mL, in the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, respectively) compared to the other subfractions. All subfractions, in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells, especially the Sub5. Thus, Sub5 was employed to conduct the cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sub5 significantly increased the accumulation of cells at the Sub-G1 phase in HepG2 cells (44.5%, at 48 h). Furthermore, it could trigger annexin V-detected apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways. In addition, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted to characterize the bioactive constituents in the most potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing subfraction. Conclusively, Sub5 may have high potential as functional dietary supplements to inhibit the development of HepG2 liver cancer.
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Kuryk L, Rodella G, Staniszewska M, Pancer KW, Wieczorek M, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Garofalo M. Novel Insights Into Mesothelioma Therapy: Emerging Avenues and Future Prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916839. [PMID: 35785199 PMCID: PMC9247278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that develops in the thin layer surrounding the mesothelium and is mainly caused by asbestos exposure. Despite improvements in patient prognosis with conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, there are still no curative treatment modalities for advanced disease. In recent years, new therapeutic avenues have been explored. Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic tumor interaction with the immune system has led to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. Numerous recent clinical trials have shown a desire to develop more effective treatments that can be used to fight against the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic adenoviruses, and their combination represent a promising strategy that can be used to synergistically overcome immunosuppression in the mesothelioma tumor microenvironment. This review provides a synthesized overview of the current state of knowledge on new therapeutic options for mesothelioma with a focus on the results of clinical trials conducted in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health National Institute of Hygiene (NIH)—National Institute of Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lukasz Kuryk, ; Mariangela Garofalo,
| | - Giulia Rodella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wanda Pancer
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health National Institute of Hygiene (NIH)—National Institute of Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wieczorek
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health National Institute of Hygiene (NIH)—National Institute of Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lukasz Kuryk, ; Mariangela Garofalo,
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Gao WY, Boonyarat C, Takomthong P, Plekratoke K, Hayakawa Y, Yenjai C, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. Acridone Derivatives from Atalantia monophyla Inhibited Cancer Cell Proliferation through ERK Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123865. [PMID: 35744993 PMCID: PMC9228231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acridone alkaloids on cancer cell lines and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The ten acridone alkaloids from Atalantia monophyla were screened for cytotoxicity against LNCaP cell lines by a WST-8 assay. Then, the most potential acridone, buxifoliadine E, was evaluated on four types of cancer cells, namely prostate cancer (LNCaP), neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y), hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and colorectal cancer (HT29). The results showed that buxifoliadine E was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of all four types of cancer cells, having the most potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins in the cancer cells. In HepG2 cells, buxifoliadine E induced changes in the levels of Bid as well as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax through MAPKs, including Erk and p38. Moreover, the binding interaction between buxifoliadine E and Erk was investigated by using the Autodock 4.2.6 and Discovery Studio programs. The result showed that buxifoliadine E bound at the ATP-binding site, located at the interface between the N- and C-terminal lobes of Erk2. The results of this study indicate that buxifoliadine E suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Gao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Pitchayakarn Takomthong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-80-8955511; Fax: +66-45-353609
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Omar AM, Khayat MT, Ahmed F, Muhammad YA, Malebari AM, Ibrahim SM, Khan MI, Shah DK, Childers WE, El-Araby ME. SAR Probing of KX2-391 Provided Analogues With Juxtaposed Activity Profile Against Major Oncogenic Kinases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:879457. [PMID: 35669422 PMCID: PMC9166630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.879457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tirbanibulin (KX2-391, KX-01), a dual non-ATP (substrate site) Src kinase and tubulin-polymerization inhibitor, demonstrated a universal anti-cancer activity for variety of cancer types. The notion that KX2-391 is a highly selective Src kinase inhibitor have been challenged by recent reports on the activities of this drug against FLT3-ITD mutations in some leukemic cell lines. Therefore, we hypothesized that analogues of KX2-391 may inhibit oncogenic kinases other than Src. A set of 4-aroylaminophenyl-N-benzylacetamides were synthesized and found to be more active against leukemia cell lines compared to solid tumor cell lines. N-(4-(2-(benzylamino)-2-oxoethyl)phenyl)-4-chlorobenzamide (4e) exhibited activities at IC50 0.96 µM, 1.62 µM, 1.90 µM and 4.23 µM against NB4, HL60, MV4-11 and K562 leukemia cell lines, respectively. We found that underlying mechanisms of 4e did not include tubulin polymerization or Src inhibition. Such results interestingly suggested that scaffold-hopping of KX2-391 may change the two main underlying cytotoxic mechanisms (Src and tubulin). Kinase profiling using two methods revealed that 4e significantly reduces the activities of some other potent oncogenic kinases like the MAPK member ERK1/2 (>99%) and it also greatly upregulates the pro-apoptotic c-Jun kinase (84%). This research also underscores the importance of thorough investigation of total kinase activities as part of the structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelsattar M Omar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maan T Khayat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra A Muhammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I Khan
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Wayne E Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Moustafa E El-Araby
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Andrikopoulou A, Chatzinikolaou S, Panourgias E, Kaparelou M, Liontos M, Dimopoulos MA, Zagouri F. "The emerging role of capivasertib in breast cancer". Breast 2022; 63:157-167. [PMID: 35398754 PMCID: PMC9011110 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 50% of breast tumors harbor alterations in one or more genes of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway including PIK3CA mutations (31%), PTEN loss (34%), PTEN mutations (5%) and AKT1 mutations (3%). While PI3K and mTOR inhibitors are already approved in advanced breast cancer, AKT inhibitors have been recently developed as a new therapeutic approach. Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a novel, selective ATP-competitive pan-AKT kinase inhibitor that exerts similar activity against the three AKT isoforms, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3. Preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy of capivasertib in breast cancer cell lines as a single agent or in combination with anti-HER2 agents and endocrine treatment, especially in tumors with PIK3CA or MTOR alterations. Phase I/II studies demonstrated greater efficacy when capivasertib was co-administered with paclitaxel, fulvestrant in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer or olaparib. The recommended phase II dose of capivasertib as monotherapy was 480 mg bid on a 4-days-on, 3-days-off dosing schedule. Toxicity profile proved to be manageable with hyperglycemia (20–24%), diarrhea (14–17%) and maculopapular rash (11–16%) being the most common grade ≥3 adverse events. Ongoing Phase III trials of capivasertib in combination with fulvestrant (CAPItello-291), CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (CAPItello-292) and paclitaxel (CAPItello- 290) will better clarify the therapeutic role of capivasertib in breast cancer. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt (PI3K/AKT) pathway is one of the most commonly altered pathways in breast cancer. Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a highly potent Akt kinase inhibitor with activity against the three isoforms AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3. Preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy of capivasertib either alone or in combination with anti-HER2 agents, chemotherapy and endocrine treatment. Dose-limiting toxicities include hyperglycemia (20–24%), diarrhea (14–17%) and maculopapular rash (11–16%). Capivasertib increased susceptibility to paclitaxel (PAKT, BEECH), fulvestrant (NCT01226316, FAKTION) or Olaparib (ComPAKT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Andrikopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece.
| | | | - Evangelia Panourgias
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion hospital, 76, Vassilisis-Sofias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Kaparelou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece.
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece.
| | | | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, Athens, 11528, Greece.
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Impacts of Oxidative Stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on Metabolism and the Future Direction of Investigating Fucoidan-Modulated Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050911. [PMID: 35624775 PMCID: PMC9137824 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical factors for regulating cancer metabolism are oxidative stress and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (PI3K/AKT/mTOR). However, the metabolic impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on individual mechanisms such as glycolysis (Warburg effect), pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), fatty acid synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, glutaminolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are complicated. Therefore, this review summarizes the individual and interacting functions of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on metabolism. Moreover, natural products providing oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR modulating effects have anticancer potential. Using the example of brown algae-derived fucoidan, the roles of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR were summarized, although their potential functions within diverse metabolisms were rarely investigated. We propose a potential application that fucoidan may regulate oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to modulate their associated metabolic regulations. This review sheds light on understanding the impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR on metabolism and the future direction of metabolism-based cancer therapy of fucoidan.
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Angre T, Kumar A, Singh AK, Thareja S, Kumar P. Role of collagen regulators in cancer treatment: A comprehensive review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2956-2984. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220501162351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Collagen is the most important structural protein and also a main component of extra-cellular matrix (ECM). It plays a role in tumor progression. Collagen can be regulated by altering it’s biosynthesis pathway through various signaling pathways, receptors and genes. Activity of cancer cells can also be regulated by other ECM components like metalloproteinases, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and so on. Hypoxia is also one of the condition which leads to cancer progression by stimulating the expression of procollagen lysine as a collagen crosslinker, which increases the size of collagen fibres promoting cancer spread. The collagen content in cancerous cells leads to resistance in chemotherapy. So, to reduce this resistance, some of the collagen regulating therapies are introduced, which include inhibiting its biosynthesis, disturbing cancer cell signaling pathway, mediating ECM components and directly utilizing collagenase. This study is an effort to compile the strategies reported to control the collagen level and different collagen inhibitors reported so far. More research is needed in this area, growing understandings of collagen’s structural features and its role in cancer progression will aid in the advancement of newer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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An effective AKT inhibitor-PARP inhibitor combination therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:683-695. [PMID: 35419627 PMCID: PMC9054880 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the use of PARP inhibitor has received considerable amount of attention in ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitor resistance still emerges with disease progression. PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors have been proposed to synergize with PARP inhibition to slow tumor growth, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still elusive. METHODS Utilizing tumor samples from recurrent EOC patients with platinum resistance and prior PARP inhibitor use, Mini PDX and PDX models were established to study the anti-tumor effect of AKT inhibitor (LAE003) and LAE003/PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) in combination. Five ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with Olaparib or LAE003 or in combination in vitro. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were measured after the treatments. Combination index by the Chou-Talalay was used to evaluate in vitro combination effect of Olaparib and LAE003. The protein expression level of PARP1 and PAR was measured by Western blot in cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in PDX tumor tissues. RESULTS Tumor cells from two out of five platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients previously treated with PARP inhibitor were sensitive to AKT inhibition in Mini-PDX study. Inhibition of AKT further increased the response of tumor cells to Olaparib in a PDX model derived from a recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patient. Additive anti-proliferation effect of LAE003 and Olaparib was also observed in three ovarian cancer cell lines with high PARP1 protein level. Interestingly, mechanism study revealed that AKT inhibition decreased PARP enzyme activity as measured by PAR level and/or reduced PARP1 protein level in the tumor cell lines and PDX tumor tissues, which may explain the observed combined anti-tumor effect of LAE003 and Olaparib. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggest that the combination of AKT inhibitor and PARP inhibitor could be a viable approach for clinical testing in recurrent ovarian cancer patients.
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Dehydrocrenatidine Induces Liver Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Suppressing JNK-Mediated Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040402. [PMID: 35455398 PMCID: PMC9027780 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancement in therapeutic interventions, liver cancer is associated with poor prognosis because of highly lethal characteristics and high recurrence rate. In the present study, the anticancer potential of a plant-based alkaloid namely dehydrocrenatidine has been evaluated in human liver cancer cells. The study findings revealed that dehydrocrenatidine reduced cancer cell viability by arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase and activating mitochondria-mediated and death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways. Specifically, dehydrocrenatidine significantly increased the expression of extrinsic pathway components (FAS, DR5, FADD, and TRADD) as well as intrinsic pathway components (Bax and Bim L/S) in liver cancer cells. In addition, dehydrocrenatidine significantly increased the cleavage and activation of PARP and caspases 3, 8, and 9. The analysis of upstream signaling pathways revealed that dehydrocrenatidine induced caspase-mediated apoptosis by suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK1/2. Taken together, the study identifies dehydrocrenatidine as a potent anticancer agent that can be use clinically to inhibit the proliferation of human liver cancer cells.
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