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Smolińska K, Szopa A, Sobczyński J, Serefko A, Dobrowolski P. Nutritional Quality Implications: Exploring the Impact of a Fatty Acid-Rich Diet on Central Nervous System Development. Nutrients 2024; 16:1093. [PMID: 38613126 PMCID: PMC11013435 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the comprehensive examination of the role of fatty acid-rich diets in central nervous system development in children, this study bridges significant gaps in the understanding of dietary effects on neurodevelopment. It delves into the essential functions of fatty acids in neurodevelopment, including their contributions to neuronal membrane formation, neuroinflammatory modulation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Despite the acknowledged importance of these nutrients, this review reveals a lack of comprehensive synthesis in current research, particularly regarding the broader spectrum of fatty acids and their optimal levels throughout childhood. By consolidating the existing knowledge and highlighting critical research gaps, such as the effects of fatty acid metabolism on neurodevelopmental disorders and the need for age-specific dietary guidelines, this study sets a foundation for future studies. This underscores the potential of nutritional strategies to significantly influence neurodevelopmental trajectories, advocating an enriched academic and clinical understanding that can inform dietary recommendations and interventions aimed at optimizing neurological health from infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smolińska
- Chronic Wounds Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Jan Sobczyński
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki St. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Vacy K, Thomson S, Moore A, Eisner A, Tanner S, Pham C, Saffery R, Mansell T, Burgner D, Collier F, Vuillermin P, O'Hely M, Boon WC, Meikle P, Burugupalli S, Ponsonby AL. Cord blood lipid correlation network profiles are associated with subsequent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder symptoms at 2 years: a prospective birth cohort study. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104949. [PMID: 38199043 PMCID: PMC10825361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions with early life origins. Alterations in blood lipids have been linked to ADHD and ASD; however, prospective early life data are limited. This study examined (i) associations between the cord blood lipidome and ADHD/ASD symptoms at 2 years of age, (ii) associations between prenatal and perinatal predictors of ADHD/ASD symptoms and cord blood lipidome, and (iii) mediation by the cord blood lipidome. METHODS From the Barwon Infant Study cohort (1074 mother-child pairs, 52.3% male children), child circulating lipid levels at birth were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These were clustered into lipid network modules via Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis. Associations between lipid modules and ADHD/ASD symptoms at 2 years, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist, were explored via linear regression analyses. Mediation analysis identified indirect effects of prenatal and perinatal risk factors on ADHD/ASD symptoms through lipid modules. FINDINGS The acylcarnitine lipid module is associated with both ADHD and ASD symptoms at 2 years of age. Risk factors of these outcomes such as low income, Apgar score, and maternal inflammation were partly mediated by higher birth acylcarnitine levels. Other cord blood lipid profiles were also associated with ADHD and ASD symptoms. INTERPRETATION This study highlights that elevated cord blood birth acylcarnitine levels, either directly or as a possible marker of disrupted cell energy metabolism, are on the causal pathway of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ADHD and ASD symptoms in early life. FUNDING The foundational work and infrastructure for the BIS was sponsored by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Deakin University, and Barwon Health. Subsequent funding was secured from the Minderoo Foundation, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ENDpoiNTs: No 825759), National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) and Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore [APP1149047], The William and Vera Ellen Houston Memorial Trust Fund (via HOMER Hack), The Shepherd Foundation, The Jack Brockhoff Foundation, the Scobie & Claire McKinnon Trust, the Shane O'Brien Memorial Asthma Foundation, the Our Women Our Children's Fund Raising Committee Barwon Health, the Rotary Club of Geelong, the Ilhan Food Allergy Foundation, Geelong Medical and Hospital Benefits Association, Vanguard Investments Australia Ltd, the Percy Baxter Charitable Trust, and Perpetual Trustees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vacy
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Archer Moore
- Melbourne School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Alex Eisner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Sam Tanner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy Pham
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Satvika Burugupalli
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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Sass L, Bjarnadóttir E, Stokholm J, Chawes B, Vinding RK, Mora-Jensen ARC, Thorsen J, Noergaard S, Ebdrup BH, Jepsen JRM, Fagerlund B, Bønnelykke K, Lauritzen L, Bisgaard H. Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Childhood-A Randomized Clinical Trial. Child Dev 2021; 92:1624-1635. [PMID: 33506965 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A double-blind randomized controlled trial of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation or matching placebo during third trimester of pregnancy was conducted within the COPSAC2010 mother-child cohort consisting of 736 women and their children. The objective was to determine if maternal n-3 LCPUFA pregnancy supplementation affects offspring neurodevelopment until 6 years. Neurodevelopment was evaluated in 654 children assessing age of motor milestone achievement, language development, cognitive development, general neurodevelopment, and emotional and behavioral problems. Maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy improved early language development and reduced the impact of emotional and behavioral problems. The n-3 LCPUFA supplementation was in boys associated with the earlier achievement of gross motor milestones, improved cognitive development, and a reduced impact of emotional and behavioral problems.
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Efficacy of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) on Impulsive Behaviours and Aggressiveness in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020620. [PMID: 33435512 PMCID: PMC7826871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is the focus of increasing interest to investigate the effects of long-chain n-3 and long-chain n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs; LC n-6 PUFAs) on psychiatric symptoms in a transdiagnostic perspective. There is some evidence that low levels of LC n-3 PUFAs and a higher ratio of LC n-6 to LC n-3 PUFAs in plasma and blood cells are associated with aggressive and impulsive behaviours. Therefore, implementation of LC n-3 PUFAs may produce positive effects on hostility, aggression, and impulsivity in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric samples across different stages of life. A possible mechanism of action of LC n-3 PUFAs in conditions characterized by a high level of impulsivity and aggression is due to the effect of these compounds on the serotonin system and membrane stability. Studies that evaluated the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs on impulsivity and aggressiveness indicated that addition of rather low doses of these agents to antipsychotic treatment might reduce agitation and violent behaviours in psychosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, and impulsive control and conduct disorders. The present review is aimed at examining and discussing available data from recent trials on this topic.
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Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Homocysteine at Birth and Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Cluster Polymorphisms are Associated with Children's Processing Speed up to Age 9 Years. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010131. [PMID: 33396458 PMCID: PMC7824114 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Both pre- and early postnatal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA) and folate have been related to neural development, but their long-term effects on later neural function remain unclear. We evaluated the long-term effects of maternal prenatal supplementation with fish-oil (FO), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), placebo or FO + 5-MTHF, as well as the role of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster polymorphisms, on their offspring’s processing speed at later school age. This study was conducted in NUHEAL children at 7.5 (n = 143) and 9 years of age (n = 127). Processing speed tasks were assessed using Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Children Color Trails Test (CCTT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels were determined at delivery from maternal and cord blood samples. FADS and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C > T genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Mixed models (linear and logistic) were performed. There were significant differences in processing speed performance among children at different ages (p < 0.001). The type of prenatal supplementation had no effect on processing speed in children up to 9 years. Secondary exploratory analyses indicated that children born to mothers with higher AA/DHA ratio at delivery (p < 0.001) and heterozygotes for FADS1 rs174556 (p < 0.05) showed better performance in processing speed at 9 years. Negative associations between processing speed scores and maternal tHcy levels at delivery were found. Our findings suggest speed processing development in children up to 9 years could be related to maternal factors, including AA/DHA and tHcy levels, and their genetic background, mainly FADS polymorphism. These considerations support that maternal prenatal supplementation should be quantitatively adequate and individualized to obtain better brain development and mental performance in the offspring.
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Madore C, Leyrolle Q, Morel L, Rossitto M, Greenhalgh AD, Delpech JC, Martinat M, Bosch-Bouju C, Bourel J, Rani B, Lacabanne C, Thomazeau A, Hopperton KE, Beccari S, Sere A, Aubert A, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Lecours C, Bisht K, Fourgeaud L, Gregoire S, Bretillon L, Acar N, Grant NJ, Badaut J, Gressens P, Sierra A, Butovsky O, Tremblay ME, Bazinet RP, Joffre C, Nadjar A, Layé S. Essential omega-3 fatty acids tune microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the mouse developing brain. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6133. [PMID: 33257673 PMCID: PMC7704669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the functional maturation of the brain. Westernization of dietary habits in both developed and developing countries is accompanied by a progressive reduction in dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs. Low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs has been linked to neurodevelopmental diseases in Humans. However, the n-3 PUFAs deficiency-mediated mechanisms affecting the development of the central nervous system are poorly understood. Active microglial engulfment of synapses regulates brain development. Impaired synaptic pruning is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we identify a molecular mechanism for detrimental effects of low maternal n-3 PUFA intake on hippocampal development in mice. Our results show that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency increases microglia-mediated phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the rodent developing hippocampus, partly through the activation of 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX)/12-HETE signaling, altering neuronal morphology and affecting cognitive performance of the offspring. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into neurodevelopmental defects caused by maternal n-3 PUFAs dietary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Madore
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Leyrolle
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université de Paris Diderot, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - L Morel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Rossitto
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A D Greenhalgh
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - J C Delpech
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Martinat
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Bosch-Bouju
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Bourel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Rani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Lacabanne
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Thomazeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - K E Hopperton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - S Beccari
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country and Ikerbasque Foundation, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - A Sere
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Aubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - V De Smedt-Peyrusse
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Lecours
- Neurosciences Axis, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - K Bisht
- Neurosciences Axis, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - L Fourgeaud
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - S Gregoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - L Bretillon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - N Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - N J Grant
- CNRS UPR3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Badaut
- CNRS UMR5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - P Gressens
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université de Paris Diderot, F-75019, Paris, France
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country and Ikerbasque Foundation, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - O Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M E Tremblay
- Neurosciences Axis, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - R P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - C Joffre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Nadjar
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - S Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Robinson SL, Oliveros H, Mora-Plazas M, Marín C, Lozoff B, Villamor E. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in middle childhood and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in adolescence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:481-490. [PMID: 31383976 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the associations of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in middle childhood with externalizing and internalizing behavior problems in adolescence. SUBJECTS/METHODS Using gas-liquid chromatography, we quantified n-3 and n-6 PUFA in serum samples of 444 Colombian schoolchildren aged 5-12 years at the time of enrollment into a cohort study. After a median 6 years, adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were determined with the Youth Self Report (YSR) questionnaire. We estimated adjusted mean behavior problem score differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between quartiles of each PUFA using multivariable linear regression. We also considered as exposures the Δ6-desaturase (D6D) and Δ5-desaturase (D5D) enzyme activity indices. RESULTS Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively associated with externalizing problems; every standard deviation (SD) of DHA concentration was associated with an adjusted one unit higher externalizing problem score (95% CI: 0.1, 1.9). The D5D enzyme activity index was inversely related to externalizing problem scores. Alpha-linolenic acid concentration was positively associated with internalizing problem scores, whereas adrenic acid was inversely related to this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Serum PUFA in middle childhood were related to behavior problems in adolescence. Some of these associations might reflect the role of D5D enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Constanza Marín
- Universidad de la Sabana, Chia, Colombia.,Foundation for Research in Nutrition and Health, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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López-Vicente M, Ribas Fitó N, Vilor-Tejedor N, Garcia-Esteban R, Fernández-Barrés S, Dadvand P, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi A, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, López-Sabater MC, Romaguera D, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Prenatal Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. J Pediatr 2019; 209:204-211.e4. [PMID: 30929929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether higher omega-6:omega-3 (n-6:n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in cord plasma is associated with more symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at 4 and 7 years of age. STUDY DESIGN This study was based on a population-based birth cohort in Spain. N-6 arachidonic acid and n-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations were measured in cord plasma. At 4 years old, ADHD symptoms were reported by teachers through the ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed checklist (n = 580). At 7 years old, ADHD symptoms were reported by parents through the Conners' Rating Scale-Revised (short form; n = 642). The ADHD variable was treated as continuous (score) and as dichotomous (symptom diagnostic criteria). Child and family general characteristics were prospectively collected through questionnaires. We applied pooled zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic regressions adjusted for covariates. RESULTS A higher omega-6:omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in cord plasma was associated with a higher ADHD index (incidence rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.23) at 7 years old. The association was not observed at 4 years old (incidence rate ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.18). No associations were found using ADHD symptom diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS High prenatal omega-6:omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio preceded the appearance of subclinical ADHD symptoms during mid-childhood. Our findings suggest that maternal diet during pregnancy may modulate the risk to develop long-term ADHD symptoms in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica López-Vicente
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of València, València, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of València, València, Spain; Medicine Department, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastián, Spain; Sub-Directorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Department of Health, Goverment of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute, BIODONOSTIA, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Biomedical Research Networking Centres Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centres Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Bernstein AS, Oken E, de Ferranti S. Fish, Shellfish, and Children's Health: An Assessment of Benefits, Risks, and Sustainability. Pediatrics 2019; 143:e20190999. [PMID: 31110165 PMCID: PMC6864235 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
American children eat relatively little fish and shellfish in comparison with other sources of animal protein, despite the health benefits that eating fish and shellfish may confer. At the same time, fish and shellfish may be sources of toxicants. This report serves to inform pediatricians about available research that elucidates health risks and benefits associated with fish and shellfish consumption in childhood as well as the sustainability of fish and shellfish harvests.
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10
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Tore EC, Gielen M, Antoniou EE, de Groot RHM, Godschalk RWL, Southwood TR, Smits L, Stratakis N, van de Wurff ISM, Zeegers MP. The association of maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy with social competence and problem behaviours at 7 years of age: The MEFAB cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 144:1-9. [PMID: 31088621 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prenatal exposure to maternal n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might influence the development of social competence and internalizing and externalizing behaviours of the child, because of the numerous functions of PUFAs within the nervous system. METHODS To analyse the association of selected maternal PUFAs (i.e., AA, EPA, DHA, total n-6, total n-3, and the n-6:n-3 ratio) measured during gestation with childhood social competence and problem behaviours, we examined 311 mother-child pairs from the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth (MEFAB) cohort. For each woman, PUFA-specific changes in relative concentrations were calculated by identifying the best-fitting curve of PUFA concentration by linear splines of gestational age. The associations of changes in maternal PUFAs in early and late pregnancy with childhood social competence, total problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviours, measured with the Child Behaviour Checklist 4/18 at age 7, were investigated with linear regression analyses adjusted for maternal and children's socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS In late gestation (i.e., from gestational week 30), an increase in AA was associated with higher social competence, while a decrease in total n-6 was associated with lower externalizing behaviours. No other significant associations were found. DISCUSSION In this prospective study, increasing maternal AA and decreasing total n-6 were associated with improved social competence and externalizing behaviours, respectively, in 7-year old children. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of the identified associations is modest and further investigations are warranted to clarify the relationship between maternal AA and total n-6 during pregnancy and childhood social and behavioural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Tore
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - M Gielen
- Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E E Antoniou
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R H M de Groot
- Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching, and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - R W L Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T R Southwood
- Institute of Child Health, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Smits
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N Stratakis
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 90032, Los Angeles, USA
| | - I S M van de Wurff
- Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching, and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - M P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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11
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Martins BP, Bandarra NM, Figueiredo-Braga M. The role of marine omega-3 in human neurodevelopment, including Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1431-1446. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1573800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara P. Martins
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Department of Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Group: Metabolism, Nutrition & Endocrinology, i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Jackson C, Barrett DW, Shumake J, Gonzales E, Gonzalez-Lima F, Lane MA. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake during neurodevelopment does not affect pup behavior related to depression, novelty, or learning. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:812. [PMID: 30442183 PMCID: PMC6238316 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously, we showed that consumption of a diet supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FAs) for two rounds of gestation and lactation increased the ability of rat dams to cope with stress when compared to dams that ingested a diet lacking n-3FAs. The objective of this study was to determine if the diets of these dams affected the behavior of their pups later in life. To isolate the neurodevelopmental effects of n-3FAs, pups from the second gestation were weaned to a diet adequate in n-3FAs. Pup testing began at 8 weeks of age and consisted of the forced swim, open field, and hole board tests to examine depression-related behavior, reaction to novelty, and learning and memory, respectively. Results Given the considerable difference in the n-3FA content of the maternal diet, we expected a large effect size, however with the exception of rearing duration, maternal diet did not affect behavior in any of the tests conducted. These results suggest that maternal n-3FA supplementation during neurodevelopment likely does not affect offspring behavior when a diet adequate in n-3FA is provided post-weaning. Rather, we hypothesize that brain n-3FAs at the time of testing confer altered behavior and corroborate the need for additional research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Jackson
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elisa Gonzales
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michelle A Lane
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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13
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Tanjung C, Rzehak P, Sudoyo H, Mansyur M, Munasir Z, Immanuel S, Irawan R, Reischl E, Demmelmair H, Hadinegoro SR, Sjarif DR, Koletzko B. The association of fatty acid desaturase gene polymorphisms on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in Indonesian infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1135-1144. [PMID: 30475958 PMCID: PMC6250987 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate availability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) is important for human health from pregnancy to adulthood. Previous studies on fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been performed predominantly in Western populations and showed that FADS SNPs had a marked impact on LC-PUFA composition in blood and tissues. Objectives We aimed to investigate the influence of fetal FADS genotypes on LC-PUFA composition in umbilical artery plasma lipids in Indonesian infants. Design We performed a cross-sectional study to assess for these associations. Results A total of 12 cord plasma n-6 (ω-6) and n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids were analyzed for associations with 18 FADS gene cluster SNPs from 390 women with single parturition from the Indonesian Prospective Study of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants (ISADI). Fetal FADS genotypes influenced cord plasma LC-PUFA composition, but, in contrast to previous studies from Western populations, the quantitatively predominant SNPs were associated with lower LC-PUFA content. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study was the first in South East Asia on FADS genotypes and arterial cord blood fatty acids to show an association between fetal LC-PUFA composition and fetal FADS SNPs. The FADS genotype distribution differs markedly between different geographical populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02401178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Tanjung
- Pantai Indah Kapuk Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Genetic, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter Rzehak
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Faculty of Medicine, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | - Suzanna Immanuel
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr Ciptomangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Roedi Irawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr Sutomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Damayanti Rusli Sjarif
- Human Genetic, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Departments of Pediatrics
- Address correspondence to DRS (e-mail: )
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
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14
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Arakawa M. Maternal fat intake during pregnancy and behavioral problems in 5-y-old Japanese children. Nutrition 2018; 50:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Pinart M, Nimptsch K, Bouwman J, Dragsted LO, Yang C, De Cock N, Lachat C, Perozzi G, Canali R, Lombardo R, D'Archivio M, Guillaume M, Donneau AF, Jeran S, Linseisen J, Kleiser C, Nöthlings U, Barbaresko J, Boeing H, Stelmach-Mardas M, Heuer T, Laird E, Walton J, Gasparini P, Robino A, Castaño L, Rojo-Martínez G, Merino J, Masana L, Standl M, Schulz H, Biagi E, Nurk E, Matthys C, Gobbetti M, de Angelis M, Windler E, Zyriax BC, Tafforeau J, Pischon T. Joint Data Analysis in Nutritional Epidemiology: Identification of Observational Studies and Minimal Requirements. J Nutr 2018; 148:285-297. [PMID: 29490094 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Joint data analysis from multiple nutrition studies may improve the ability to answer complex questions regarding the role of nutritional status and diet in health and disease. Objective The objective was to identify nutritional observational studies from partners participating in the European Nutritional Phenotype Assessment and Data Sharing Initiative (ENPADASI) Consortium, as well as minimal requirements for joint data analysis. Methods A predefined template containing information on study design, exposure measurements (dietary intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, sedentary behavior, anthropometric measures, and sociodemographic and health status), main health-related outcomes, and laboratory measurements (traditional and omics biomarkers) was developed and circulated to those European research groups participating in the ENPADASI under the strategic research area of "diet-related chronic diseases." Information about raw data disposition and metadata sharing was requested. A set of minimal requirements was abstracted from the gathered information. Results Studies (12 cohort, 12 cross-sectional, and 2 case-control) were identified. Two studies recruited children only and the rest recruited adults. All studies included dietary intake data. Twenty studies collected blood samples. Data on traditional biomarkers were available for 20 studies, of which 17 measured lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin and 13 measured inflammatory biomarkers. Metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics or transcriptomics data were available in 5, 3, and 12 studies, respectively. Although the study authors were willing to share metadata, most refused, were hesitant, or had legal or ethical issues related to sharing raw data. Forty-one descriptors of minimal requirements for the study data were identified to facilitate data integration. Conclusions Combining study data sets will enable sufficiently powered, refined investigations to increase the knowledge and understanding of the relation between food, nutrition, and human health. Furthermore, the minimal requirements for study data may encourage more efficient secondary usage of existing data and provide sufficient information for researchers to draft future multicenter research proposals in nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Pinart
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- TNO, Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Cock
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rosario Lombardo
- The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Trentino, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stephanie Jeran
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Epidemiology at University Centre for Health Care Sciences at the Augsburg Clinic (UNIKA-T Augsburg), Ausburg, Germany
| | - Christina Kleiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janett Barbaresko
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marta Stelmach-Mardas
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thorsten Heuer
- Department of Nutritional Behavior, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eamon Laird
- Centre for Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Luis Castaño
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), BioCruces-Hospital Universitario Cruces-The University of the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Spanish: Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) Endocrinology and Nutrition. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jordi Merino
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luis Masana
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marie Standl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eha Nurk
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) and Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria de Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eberhard Windler
- Preventive Medicine, University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean Tafforeau
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,MDC/BIH Biobank, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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16
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Mesirow MS, Cecil C, Maughan B, Barker ED. Associations between Prenatal and Early Childhood Fish and Processed Food Intake, Conduct Problems, and Co-Occurring Difficulties. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 45:1039-1049. [PMID: 27812905 PMCID: PMC5415431 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about early life diet as a risk factor for early-onset persistent conduct problems (EOP CP). To investigate this, we used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK-based prospective epidemiological birth cohort. 5727 mother-child pairs (49.9 % boys) monitored since pregnancy (delivery date between 1 April, 1991 and 31 December, 1992) reported intake of fish and processed foods at 32 weeks gestation and, for the child, at 3 years; EOP (n = 666) and Low conduct problem (Low CP, n = 5061) trajectories were measured from 4 to 13 years; hyperactivity and emotional difficulties were assessed in childhood (4-10 years) and early adolescence (12-13 years), in addition to potential confounding factors (family adversity, birth complications, income). Compared to Low CP, mothers of EOP children consumed less fish (p < 0.01) and more processed food (p < 0.05) prenatally, while EOP children consumed more processed food at 3 years (p < 0.05). For EOP, but not Low CP children, consuming less than two servings/week of fish (vs. two or more servings/week, p < 0.05), and one or more servings/day of processed food (vs. less than one serving/day, p < 0.01), was associated with higher emotional difficulties in early adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that prenatal and postnatal diets high in processed food, and low in fish, associate with an EOP CP trajectory and co-occurring difficulties in early adolescence. As small effect size differences were found, further studies are needed to investigate the long-term impact of early unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurissa Sc Mesirow
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Charlotte Cecil
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edward D Barker
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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17
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Boucher O, Julvez J, Guxens M, Arranz E, Ibarluzea J, Sánchez de Miguel M, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardon A, Rebagliato M, Garcia-Esteban R, O'Connor G, Ballester F, Sunyer J. Association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development, autistic traits and ADHD symptoms: a multicenter study in Spain. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:434-442. [PMID: 27846197 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have related longer breastfeeding duration to better intellectual performance in children. By contrast, few studies have investigated the potential protective effects of breastfeeding against behavioral problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and even fewer on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) traits. METHODS We examined the association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development, attention, ADHD symptoms, and autistic traits using data from the INMA Project, a Spanish multicenter birth-cohort study, and taking into account the intensity of breastfeeding. Duration of any, predominant, and exclusive breastfeeding was documented during infancy through maternal questionnaires. Children (N = 1,346; mean age = 4.9 y) were assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test, criteria of the DSM-ADHD symptoms form list, and the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test. RESULTS After adjustment for several confounders, longer duration of breastfeeding was independently associated with better cognitive development and with fewer autistic traits. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence of a positive association of breastfeeding with cognitive function apart from socio-environmental factors, and also suggests a protective role against autistic traits. Results are in agreement with recommendations for prolonged breastfeeding duration to promote child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucher
- Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enrique Arranz
- BIODONOSTIA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, San Sebastián, Spain.,Facultad de Psicología, UPV-EHU. San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,BIODONOSTIA, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, San Sebastián, Spain.,Subdirección Salud Publica Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.,FISABIO-UJI-University of Valencia Joint Research Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giselle O'Connor
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,FISABIO-UJI-University of Valencia Joint Research Unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kean JD, Sarris J, Scholey A, Silberstein R, Downey LA, Stough C. Reduced inattention and hyperactivity and improved cognition after marine oil extract (PCSO-524®) supplementation in children and adolescents with clinical and subclinical symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:403-420. [PMID: 27921139 PMCID: PMC5225177 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the effects of a marine oil extract (PCSO-524®) on inattention, hyperactivity, mood and cognition in children and adolescents. PCSO-524® is a standardised lipid extract of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel and is an inflammatory modulator that inhibits the 5'-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways and decreases concentrations of the pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA). METHODS PCSO-524® or a matched placebo was administered for 14 weeks to 144 participants (123 males/21 females; mean age 8.7 years) with high hyperactivity and inattention in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The primary outcome was the Conners Parent Rating Scale assessing parental reports of behavioural problems. Secondary outcomes assessed changes in cognition and mood. RESULTS The results of the present study did not support the hypothesis that PCSO-524® improves parental reports of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity in children ages 6 to 14 years over placebo. Repeated measures ANOVA on post hoc subsample analysis indicated significant improvements in hyperactivity (p = 0.04), attention (p = 0.02), learning (p = 0.05) and probability of ADHD (p = 0.04) with a medium to large average effect size (d = 0.65) in those children who did not meet criteria for combined hyperactivity and inattention. Furthermore, significant improvements in the PCSO-524® group were indicated in a whole sample repeated measures ANCOVA on recognition memory between baseline and week 8 over placebo (p = 0.02, d = 0.56); this difference was not sustained at week 14. CONCLUSIONS The results presented indicate that PCSO-524® may be beneficial in reducing levels of hyperactivity and inattention in a population of children with clinical and subclinical symptoms of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Kean
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Clinic, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Richard Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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Gispert-Llaurado M, Perez-Garcia M, Escribano J, Closa-Monasterolo R, Luque V, Grote V, Weber M, Torres-Espínola F, Czech-Kowalska J, Verduci E, Martin F, Piqueras M, Koletzko B, Decsi T, Campoy C, Emmett P, Goyens P, Carlier C, Hoyos J, Poncelet P, Dain E, Martin F, Xhonneux A, Langhendries JP, Van Hees JN, Rousseaux D, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Luque V, Mendez G, Ferre N, Zaragoza-Jordana M, Giovannini M, Riva E, Agostoni C, Scaglioni S, Verduci E, Vecchi F, Dionigi AR, Arrizza C, Mariani B, Socha J, Socha P, Stolarczyk A, Szott K, Dobrzańska A, Gruszfeld D, Kowalik A, Janas R, Pietraszek E, Perrin E, von Kries R, Groebe H, Reith A, Hofmann R, Koletzko B, Grote V, Weber M, Rzehak P, Schiess S, Beyer J, Fritsch M, Handel U, Pawellek I, Verwied-Jorky S, Hannibal I, Demmelmair H, Haile G, Kirchberg F, Akopjan L, Campoy (PI) C, Pérez M, Catena A, Torres-Espínola FJ, Cristina Martínez-Zaldívar M, Brandi P, Victoria Escolano-Margarit M, Koletzko B, Demmelmair H, Gudrun H, Krauss-Estchmann S, Décsi T, Csábi G, Györey E. Fish consumption in mid-childhood and its relationship to neuropsychological outcomes measured in 7–9 year old children using a NUTRIMENTHE neuropsychological battery. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1301-1307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Keenan K, Hipwell A, McAloon R, Hoffmann A, Mohanty A, Magee K. The effect of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on infant outcomes in African American women living in low-income environments: A randomized, controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 71:170-5. [PMID: 27290652 PMCID: PMC4955755 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African American women living in urban, low-income environments are at high risk for poor nutrition during pregnancy and birth complications. OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on birth outcomes and infant development in a sample of African American women with Medicaid insurance and living in the city of Pittsburgh. DESIGN The Nutrition and Pregnancy Study (NAPS) is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of prenatal DHA supplementation conducted between 2012 and 2014. SETTING Participants were recruited from obstetric clinics at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four pregnant, African American women were enrolled at 16-21 weeks of gestation and randomized to either 450mg/day of DHA (22:6n-3)(n=43) or a soybean placebo (n=21). Four women (6.3%) withdrew from the study: two participants from each study arm; complete data were obtained for 49 infants (76.5%) at the 3-month assessment. INTERVENTIONS Supplementation with DHA or placebo continued from the beginning of enrollment through delivery. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES Data on birth outcomes were collected from medical records. At approximately 3 months post-partum, mothers brought their infants to the laboratory where the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) were administered and cortisol response to the Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm was assessed. RESULTS Infants of mothers who received DHA supplementation had higher birth weight (3.174g versus 2.890g) than infants of mothers receiving placebo (F [2.40]=6.09, p=0.018, eta=0.36), and were more likely to have a 1-min Apgar score greater than 8 (OR=5.99 [95% CI=1.25-28.75], p=0.025). Infants of mothers who received DHA compared with infants of mothers receiving placebo had lower levels of cortisol in response to the FFSF paradigm (F [1.32]=5.36, p=0.018, eta=0.36). None of the scores on the BSID-III differed as a function of active supplement versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS Infants of women living in urban, low-income environments who received DHA supplementation had more optimal birth outcomes and more modulated cortisol response to a stressor. DHA supplementation may be effective in attenuating the negative effects of prenatal stress on offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keenan
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Alison Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rose McAloon
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Amy Hoffmann
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Arpita Mohanty
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kelsey Magee
- University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Messamore E, McNamara RK. Detection and treatment of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in psychiatric practice: Rationale and implementation. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:25. [PMID: 26860589 PMCID: PMC4748485 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A body of translational evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and potentially etiology of different psychiatric disorders. Case–control studies have consistently observed low erythrocyte (red blood cell) EPA and/or DHA levels in patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Low erythrocyte EPA + DHA biostatus can be treated with fish oil-based formulations containing preformed EPA + DHA, and extant evidence suggests that fish oil supplementation is safe and well-tolerated and may have therapeutic benefits. These and other data provide a rationale for screening for and treating LCn-3 fatty acid deficiency in patients with psychiatric illness. To this end, we have implemented a pilot program that routinely measures blood fatty acid levels in psychiatric patients entering a residential inpatient clinic. To date over 130 blood samples, primarily from patients with treatment-refractory mood or anxiety disorders, have been collected and analyzed. Our initial results indicate that the majority (75 %) of patients exhibit whole blood EPA + DHA levels at ≤4 percent of total fatty acid composition, a rate that is significantly higher than general population norms (25 %). In a sub-set of cases, corrective treatment with fish oil-based products has resulted in improvements in psychiatric symptoms without notable side effects. In view of the urgent need for improvements in conventional treatment algorithms, these preliminary findings provide important support for expanding this approach in routine psychiatric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Messamore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Rm. 3306, Cincinnati, OH, 45218-0516, USA.,Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Rm. 3306, Cincinnati, OH, 45218-0516, USA.
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Strasser B, Fuchs D. Role of physical activity and diet on mood, behavior, and cognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Standl M, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Heinrich J. Cord blood n-3 LC-PUFA is associated with adiponectin concentrations at 10 years of age. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:51-5. [PMID: 25773861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An elevated ratio of n-6 to n-3 long-chain (LC-) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be a potential risk factor for obesity development. N-3 LC-PUFA are thought to alter adiponectin concentrations, and thus may have a beneficial effect on weight development. We analysed the association between n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations in cord blood and adiponectin concentrations at 10 years. Fatty acid composition was measured in cord blood and at 10 years of age by gas chromatography, and adiponectin concentrations were measured only at 10 years of age in 237 children from the Munich LISAplus birth cohort study. Linear regression models assessed associations between n-3 LC-PUFA, n-6 LC-PUFA and the n-6/n-3 ratio in cord blood with adiponectin concentrations at 10 years of age. LC-PUFA were presented as percentages and categorized into tertiles. Regression models were adjusted for LC-PUFA percentages at 10 years of age and other potential confounding factors. Cord blood n-3 LC-PUFA tertiles were significantly associated with adiponectin concentrations in an inverse J-shaped relationship [2nd tertile versus 1st tertile: Beta=1.84 (SE=0.65), and 3rd tertile versus 1st tertile: 1.02 (0.68), p-value<0.01 (ANOVA)]. Further, cord blood n-6/n-3 ratios were significantly associated with adiponectin concentrations [2nd tertile versus 1st tertile: 0.14 (0.67), and 3rd tertile versus 1st tertile: -1.37 (0.68), p-value=0.03 (ANOVA)]. The cord blood n-6 LC-PUFA tertiles were not associated with adiponectin concentrations. Our results suggest that a higher n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio in cord blood are associated with higher adiponectin concentrations at 10 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - H Demmelmair
- University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr. von Hauner Children׳s Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - B Koletzko
- University of Munich Medical Centre, Dr. von Hauner Children׳s Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - J Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Steenweg-de Graaff JCJ, Tiemeier H, Basten MGJ, Rijlaarsdam J, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Roza SJ. Maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy and child problem behavior: the Generation R Study. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:489-97. [PMID: 25521921 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega 3 (n-3) and 6 (n-6) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and the n-3:n-6 ratio are important for brain development. Whether maternal LC-PUFA status during pregnancy affects risk of problem behavior in later childhood is unclear. METHODS Within a population-based cohort, we measured maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations and n-3:n-6-ratio in mid-pregnancy. Child emotional and behavioral problems at 6 y of age were assessed by parents (child behavior checklist), teachers (teacher report form), and combined parent/teacher report. RESULTS Higher maternal DHA and n-3:n-6 ratio were associated with fewer child emotional problems using parent (odds ratio (OR)DHA = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96; P = 0.02 and OR(n-3:n-6) = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96; P = 0.01; n = 5,307) and combined parent/teacher scores (ORDHA = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95; P = 0.01 and OR(n-3:n-6) = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.92; P < 0.01; n = 2,828). Higher AA was associated with more child behavioral problems using teacher (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.04; n = 3,365) and combined parent/teacher scores (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.22; P = 0.02; n = 2,827). Maternal EPA was not associated with child problem behavior. CONCLUSION Indications of associations of maternal LC-PUFA status with child emotional and behavioral problems were found. Future research is needed to identify LC-PUFA-sensitive periods of fetal brain development by including multiple assessments of prenatal LC-PUFA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien C J Steenweg-de Graaff
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G J Basten
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 1] The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [3] Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine J Roza
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Keenan K, Hipwell AE. Modulation of prenatal stress via docosahexaenoic acid supplementation: implications for child mental health. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:166-74. [PMID: 26024539 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women living in poverty experience chronic and acute stressors that may lead to alterations in circulating glucocorticoids. Experimental evidence from animal models and correlational studies in humans support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids can negatively affect the developing fetus and later emotional and behavioral regulation in the offspring. In this integrative review, recent findings from research in psychiatry, obstetrics, and animal and human experimental studies on the role of docosahexaenoic acid in modulation of the stress response and brain development are discussed. The potential for an emerging field of nutritionally based perinatal preventive interventions for improving offspring mental health is described. Prenatal nutritional interventions may prove to be effective approaches to reducing common childhood mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keenan
- K. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. A.E. Hipwell is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- K. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. A.E. Hipwell is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Association between fatty acid supplementation and prenatal stress in African Americans: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2015; 124:1080-1087. [PMID: 25415158 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the association between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation and perceived stress and cortisol response to a stressor during pregnancy in a sample of African American women living in low-income environments. METHODS Sixty-four African American women were enrolled at 16-21 weeks of gestation. Power calculations were computed using published standard deviations for the Perceived Stress Scale and the Trier Social Stress Test. Participants were randomized to either 450 mg per day of DHA (n=43) or placebo (n=21). At baseline and at 24 and 30 weeks of gestation, perceived stress was assessed by self-report. Cortisol response to a controlled stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test was measured from saliva samples collected upon arrival to the laboratory and after the completion of the Trier Social Stress Test. RESULTS Women in the DHA supplementation group reported lower levels of perceived stress at 30 weeks of gestation, controlling for depression and negative life events (mean 27.4 compared with 29.5, F [3, 47] 5.06, P=.029, Cohen's d=0.65). Women in the DHA supplementation had lower cortisol output in response to arriving to the laboratory and a more modulated response to the stressor (F [1.78, 83.85] 6.24, P=.004, Cohen's d=0.76). CONCLUSION Pregnant women living in urban low-income environments who received DHA reported reduced perceived stress and lower levels of stress hormones in the third trimester. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation may be a method for attenuating the effects of maternal stress during late pregnancy and improving the uterine environment with regard to fetal exposure to glucocorticoids. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01158976.
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Péter S, Eggersdorfer M, van Asselt D, Buskens E, Detzel P, Freijer K, Koletzko B, Kraemer K, Kuipers F, Neufeld L, Obeid R, Wieser S, Zittermann A, Weber P. Selected nutrients and their implications for health and disease across the lifespan: a roadmap. Nutrients 2014; 6:6076-94. [PMID: 25533014 PMCID: PMC4277016 DOI: 10.3390/nu6126076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide approximately two billion people have a diet insufficient in micronutrients. Even in the developed world, an increasing number of people consume nutrient-poor food on a regular basis. Recent surveys in Western countries consistently indicate inadequate intake of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, compared to recommendations. The International Osteoporosis Foundation’s (IOF) latest figures show that globally about 88% of the population does not have an optimal vitamin D status. The Lancet’s “Global Burden of Disease Study 2010” demonstrates a continued growth in life expectancy for populations around the world; however, the last decade of life is often disabled by the burden of partly preventable health issues. Compelling evidence suggests that improving nutrition protects health, prevents disability, boosts economic productivity and saves lives. Investments to improve nutrition make a positive contribution to long-term national and global health, economic productivity and stability, and societal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Péter
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | | | - Dieneke van Asselt
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik Buskens
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick Detzel
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Karen Freijer
- Medical Department, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lynnette Neufeld
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Rima Obeid
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Wieser
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Armin Zittermann
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
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Koletzko B, Boey CCM, Campoy C, Carlson SE, Chang N, Guillermo-Tuazon MA, Joshi S, Prell C, Quak SH, Sjarif DR, Su Y, Supapannachart S, Yamashiro Y, Osendarp SJM. Current information and Asian perspectives on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy: systematic review and practice recommendations from an early nutrition academy workshop. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:49-80. [PMID: 25227906 DOI: 10.1159/000365767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Early Nutrition Academy supported a systematic review of human studies on the roles of pre- and postnatal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) published from 2008 to 2013 and an expert workshop that reviewed the information and developed recommendations, considering particularly Asian populations. An increased supply of n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women should achieve an additional supply ≥200 mg docosahexaenic acid (DHA)/day, usually achieving a total intake ≥300 mg DHA/day. Higher intakes (600-800 mg DHA/day) may provide greater protection against early preterm birth. Some studies indicate beneficial effects of pre- and postnatal DHA supply on child neurodevelopment and allergy risk. Breast-feeding is the best choice for infants. Breast-feeding women should get ≥200 mg DHA/day to achieve a human milk DHA content of ∼0.3% fatty acids. Infant formula for term infants should contain DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) to provide 100 mg DHA/day and 140 mg AA/day. A supply of 100 mg DHA/day should continue during the second half of infancy. We do not provide quantitative advice on AA levels in follow-on formula fed after the introduction of complimentary feeding due to a lack of sufficient data and considerable variation in the AA amounts provided by complimentary foods. Reasonable intakes for very-low-birth weight infants are 18-60 mg/kg/day DHA and 18-45 mg/kg/day AA, while higher intakes (55-60 mg/kg/day DHA, ∼1% fatty acids; 35-45 mg/kg/day AA, ∼0.6-0.75%) appear preferable. Research on the requirements and effects of LC-PUFA during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood should continue. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Early Nutrition Academy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hawkey E, Nigg JT. Omega-3 fatty acid and ADHD: blood level analysis and meta-analytic extension of supplementation trials. Clin Psychol Rev 2014; 34:496-505. [PMID: 25181335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interest in the value of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation for treatment of ADHD remains high. No prior meta-analysis has examined whether ADHD is associated with alterations in blood lipid levels and meta-analyses of supplementation have reached conflicting conclusions. METHODS We report two new meta-analyses. Study 1 examined blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids in relation to ADHD. Study 2 examined a larger sample of randomized intervention trials than previously reported. RESULTS Study 1 included 9 studies (n=586) and found lower overall blood levels of n-3 in individuals with ADHD versus controls (g=0.42, 95% CI=0.26-0.59; p<.001). Study 2 included 16 studies (n=1408) and found that n-3 supplementation improved ADHD composite symptoms; using the best available rating and reporter (g=0.26, 95% CI=0.15-0.37; p<.001). Supplementation showed reliable effects on hyperactivity by parent and teacher report, but reliable effects for inattention only by parent report. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 levels are reduced in children with ADHD. Dietary supplementation appears to create modest improvements in symptoms. There is sufficient evidence to consider omega-3 fatty acids as a possible supplement to established therapies. However it remains unclear whether such intervention should be confined to children with below normal blood levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hawkey
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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Standl M, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Heinrich J. Cord blood LC-PUFA composition and allergic diseases during the first 10 yr. Results from the LISAplus study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:344-50. [PMID: 24576150 PMCID: PMC4238817 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in blood are associated with risk of allergic diseases, although results are inconclusive. Low levels of n-6 LC-PUFA and high levels of n-3 LC-PUFA are anticipated to have beneficial effects. Pregnancy is considered a critical time period for imprinting the developing immune system. We examined whether n-6 LC-PUFA, n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations or the n-6/n-3 ratio in cord blood (CB) serum are associated with allergic diseases up to the age of 10 yr. METHODS This analysis included 436 children from the Munich LISAplus birth cohort study. Information on doctor-diagnosed asthma, hay fever/allergic rhinitis, and eczema was collected using questionnaires completed at the ages 6 and 10 yr, and for eczema additionally at 2 yr. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against inhalant allergens was measured at 6 and 10 yr. Fatty acid composition was measured by gas chromatography in serum from CB and from blood collected at 2, 6, and 10 yr. Associations between n-3, n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations, and the n-6/n-3 ratio in CB serum and allergic diseases or atopy were assessed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) considering the longitudinal structure. Models were adjusted for LC-PUFA concentrations at follow-up and potential confounding factors. RESULTS There was no significant association between n-3 LC-PUFA, n-6 LC-PUFA, or the n-6/n-3 ratio in CB serum with eczema, asthma, hay fever/allergic rhinitis, or aeroallergen sensitization. CONCLUSIONS There is no indication of a beneficial effect of increased n-3 LC-PUFA in CB serum on the development of any of the disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Loomans EM, Van den Bergh BRH, Schelling M, Vrijkotte TGM, van Eijsden M. Maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status during early pregnancy and children's risk of problem behavior at age 5-6 years. J Pediatr 2014; 164:762-8. [PMID: 24439058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate the association between maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) status and ratio during pregnancy and children's risk of problem behavior at 5 years of age. STUDY DESIGN Maternal LCPUFA status in plasma phospholipids during pregnancy (M = 13.3, SD = 3 weeks) was available for 4336 women. Children's behavior was rated by their mother (n = 2502) and teacher (n = 2061). RESULTS When using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found that greater concentrations of omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.56-0.99; P = .05) decreased children's risk for emotional symptoms. Although lower eicosapentaenoic acid and a greater omega-6:omega-3 LCPUFA (ie, arachidonic acid/[docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid]) tended to increase the risk for emotional symptoms and the risk of hyperactivity/inattention problems for the omega-6:omega-3 LCPUFA, the results were nonsignificant (P = .07). No evidence was found for mediation by preterm birth and being small for gestational age. The child's sex and infant feeding pattern did not modify the associations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest long-term developmental programming influences of maternal LCPUFA status during pregnancy and stress the importance of an adequate and balanced supply of fatty acids in pregnant women for optimal fetal brain development and subsequent long-term behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Loomans
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bea R H Van den Bergh
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Department of Welfare, Public Health & Family, Flemish Government, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Schelling
- Department of Epidemiology, and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Eijsden
- Department of Epidemiology, and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Age-dependent effects of cord blood long-chain PUFA composition on BMI during the first 10 years of life. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:2024-31. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether n-6 and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations in cord blood (CB) serum are associated with BMI up to 10 years of age, after accounting for LC-PUFA composition at 2, 6 and 10 years. The study was based on 388 participants of the German LISAplus (Influence of Lifestyle-Related Factors on the Immune System and the Development of Allergies in Childhood Plus the Influence of Traffic Emissions and Genetics) birth cohort study carried out in Munich. BMI was measured at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. Serum phospholipid fatty acid concentrations were measured by GC in CB and in blood collected at 2, 6 and 10 years of age. The association between n-3 LC-PUFA and n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations and n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids and BMI z-scores was assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for LC-PUFA composition at follow-up and potential confounders. Interaction terms between time of follow-up and LC-PUFA concentrations in CB were included. There was no consistent association between n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA concentrations in CB and BMI over time. However, there was a significant interaction between n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA ratio in CB and time of follow-up with respect to BMI (P= 0·0415): a negative effect at 2 years; no effect at 6 years; a positive effect at 10 years. BMI up to 10 years of age may be influenced by the n-6:n-3 ratio in CB serum glycerophospholipids in a time-varying fashion. The present results thereby highlight the importance of considering age when examining associations between fatty acid concentrations and BMI.
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Steer CD, Lattka E, Koletzko B, Golding J, Hibbeln JR. Maternal fatty acids in pregnancy, FADS polymorphisms, and child intelligence quotient at 8 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1575-82. [PMID: 24067669 PMCID: PMC6404851 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tissue is selectively enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). Altering the maternal FA status in pregnancy may improve fetal neural development with lasting consequences for child development. OBJECTIVE We explored whether maternal FAs in erythrocytes, either measured directly or indirectly by maternal FADS genetic variants, are associated with child intelligence quotient (IQ). DESIGN Linear regression analyses, adjusted for 18 confounders, were used to investigate the associations in 2839 mother-child pairs from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. RESULTS Low levels of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) were associated with lower performance IQ (-2.0 points; 95% CI: -3.5, -0.6 points; P = 0.007, increased R² = 0.27%), high levels of osbond acid (22:5n-6) were associated with verbal IQ (-1.8 points; 95% CI: -3.2, -0.4 points; P = 0.014, R² = 0.20%), and high levels of adrenic acid (22:4n-6) were associated with verbal IQ (-1.7 points; 95% CI:-3.1, -0.3 points; P = 0.016, R² = 0.19%). There was some evidence to support a negative association of low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) with full-scale IQ (R² = 0.15%). Novel weak associations were also observed for low levels of osbond acid (R² ≤ 0.29%) and FADS variants with opposite effects for intron variants and variants in the promoter region such as rs3834458 (R² ≤ 0.38%). CONCLUSIONS These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially. The endogenous synthesis of these FAs by FADS genes, especially FADS2, may also be important. The replication of these results is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Steer
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (CDS and JG); the Research Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (EL); the Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany (BK); and the NIH, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda MD (JRH)
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McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Tso P, Weber W, Chu WJ, Strakowski SM, Adler CM, Delbello MP. Low docosahexaenoic acid status is associated with reduced indices in cortical integrity in the anterior cingulate of healthy male children: a 1H MRS Study. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:183-90. [PMID: 23582513 DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the principal omega-3 fatty acid in mammalian brain gray matter, and emerging preclinical evidence suggests that DHA has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. This study investigated relationships among DHA status, neurocognitive performance, and cortical metabolism measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in healthy developing male children (aged 8-10 years, n = 38). Subjects were segregated into low-DHA (n = 19) and high-DHA (n = 19) status groups by a median split of erythrocyte DHA levels. Group differences in 1H MRS indices of cortical metabolism, including choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), glutamine + glutamate + γ-aminobutyric acid (Glx), myo-inositol (mI), and n-acetyl aspartate (NAA), were determined in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R/L-DLPFC, BA9) and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC, BA32/33). Group differences in neurocognitive performance were evaluated with the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and identical-pairs version of the continuous performance task (CPT-IP). Subjects in the low-DHA group consumed fish less frequently (P = 0.02), had slower reaction times on the CPT-IP (P = 0.007), and exhibited lower mI (P = 0.007), NAA (P = 0.007), Cho (P = 0.009), and Cr (P = 0.01) concentrations in the ACC compared with the high-DHA group. There were no group differences in ACC Glx or any metabolite in the L-DLPFC and R-DLPFC. These data indicate that low-DHA status is associated with reduced indices of metabolic function in the ACC and slower reaction time during sustained attention in developing male children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Desrosiers C, Boucher O, Forget-Dubois N, Dewailly E, Ayotte P, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Muckle G. Associations between prenatal cigarette smoke exposure and externalized behaviors at school age among Inuit children exposed to environmental contaminants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:84-90. [PMID: 23916943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking during pregnancy is common among Inuit women from the Canadian Arctic. Yet prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (PCSE) is seen as a major risk factor for childhood behavior problems. Recent data also suggest that co-exposure to neurotoxic environmental contaminants can exacerbate the effects of PCSE on behavior. This study examined the association between PCSE and behavior at school age in a sample of Inuit children from Nunavik, Québec, where co-exposure to environmental contaminants is also an important issue. Interactions with lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), two contaminants associated with behavioral problems, were also explored. METHODS Participants were 271 children (mean age=11.3years) involved in a prospective birth-cohort study. PCSE was assessed through maternal recall. Assessment of child behavior was obtained from the child's classroom teacher on the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBD). Exposure to contaminants was assessed from umbilical cord and child blood samples. Other confounders were documented by maternal interview. RESULTS After control for contaminants and confounders, PCSE was associated with increased externalizing behaviors and attention problems on the TRF and higher prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed on the DBD. No interactions were found with contaminants. INTERPRETATION This study extends the existing empirical evidence linking PCSE to behavioral problems in school-aged children by reporting these effects in a population where tobacco use is normative rather than marginal. Co-exposure to Pb and Hg do not appear to exacerbate tobacco effects, suggesting that these substances act independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desrosiers
- Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Irmisch G, Richter J, Thome J, Sheldrick AJ, Wandschneider R. Altered serum mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in adults with ADHD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:303-11. [PMID: 23564274 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-013-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Other than in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the connection between ADHD and lipids has not been sufficiently investigated so far in adults. Blood serum lipoproteins and fatty acids (FA) composition were measured and analyzed by colorimetry and gaschromatography in eight male and seven female adults diagnosed with ADHD as well as in 15 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. In ADHD patients, polyunsaturated FAs [docosahexaenoic, arachidonic and dihomogammalinolenic acid (p = 0.048; 0.003; 0.012)] showed lower concentrations, while monounsaturated acids (palmitoleic and oleic acid) as well as total and LDL cholesterol showed higher concentrations (p = 0.011; 0.005). ADHD scores positively correlated with palmitoleic (R = -0.56; p = 0.032), stearic (R = 0.53; p = 0.044), eicosapentaenoic (R = 0.62; p = 0.014), docosahexaenoic (R = 0.51; p = 0.050), gammalinolenic (R = 0.62; p = 0.018) and alphalinolenic acid (R = 0.56; p = 0.031) concentration. Even though the total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in blood serum were significantly higher among the ADHD patients than in controls, none of the ADHD symptom scores were significantly associated with any of the lipoproteine measures. We could demonstrate that a lack of polyunsaturated FAs in blood serum of subjects with ADHD persists into adulthood. Furthermore, we could show that adult ADHD symptomatology positively correlates with elevated levels of saturated stearic and monounsaturated FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Irmisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotheraphy, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str.20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Heinrich J, Brüske I, Schnappinger M, Standl M, Flexeder C, Thiering E, Tischer C, Tiesler C, Kohlböck G, Wenig C, Bauer C, Schaaf B, von Berg A, Berdel D, Krämer U, Cramer C, Lehmann I, Herbarth O, Behrendt H, Ring J, Kühnisch J, Koletzko S. Die zwei deutschen Geburtskohorten GINIplus und LISAplus. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2012; 55:864-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Automated high-throughput fatty acid analysis of umbilical cord serum and application to an epidemiological study. Lipids 2012; 47:527-39. [PMID: 22430941 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Large population studies show that polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for human health, but determining relationships between the health benefits and the fatty acid content has been hampered by the unavailability of labor-effective high-throughput technologies. An automated high throughput fatty acid analysis was developed from a previous procedure based on direct transesterification including the automation of chemical procedures, data acquisition and automatic data processing. The method was validated and applied to umbilical cord serum samples in an epidemiological study. The method was linear in the range of 1-600 μg/mL serum with r² ≥ 0.99. The within-run CV was <5.4% for 23 fatty acids and a range of recoveries over three concentrations were 76-119% in a low-lipid matrix with the exception of 14:0. The fatty acid concentration as measured by the robotic method for human plasma was in good agreement with the Lepage & Roy method. The fatty acid profile in umbilical cord serum from American subjects (n = 287) showed an average of 38.0, 24.9, 32.0 and 4.6% of total fatty acids for saturates, monounsaturates, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturates, respectively. This is the first report of a complete, validated, cost-effective, automated, high throughput fatty acid measurement method along with application to a population-based study. Automated fatty acid analysis coupled with automated data processing greatly facilitates the high throughput, 72 samples transesterified in 6 h, required for large population-based studies.
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