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Wusiman M, Huang SY, Liu ZY, He TT, Fang AP, Li MC, Yang MT, Wang C, Zhang YJ, Zhu HL. Serum S-adenosylhomocysteine, rather than homocysteine, is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma survival: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00611-7. [PMID: 39025328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggested that S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) may be a better serum biomarker for cardiovascular disease than homocysteine (Hcy). However, the role of SAH in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to prospectively explore the relationships between serum SAH and related metabolites (Hcy, S-adenosylmethionine [SAM]) with HCC survival, and to evaluate the effect modifications by gene polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism key enzymes. METHODS We included 1,080 newly diagnosed HCC patients from the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort. Serum SAH, Hcy, and SAM were measured utilizing HPLC-MS/MS. Gene polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism key enzymes were identified using competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). Primary outcomes were liver cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and overall survival (OS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 3.6 years, 601 deaths occurred, with 552 (92%) attributed to HCC. Multivariable analysis revealed that patients in the highest quartile of serum SAH concentrations were significantly associated with worse survival compared to those in the lowest quartile, with HRs of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.10; P-trend = 0.002) for LCSS and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.18, 2.02; P-trend = 0.001) for OS. There were no significant interactions between serum SAH concentrations and genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism key enzymes. No significant associations were found between serum Hcy, SAM concentrations and SAM/SAH ratio with LCSS or OS. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum SAH concentrations, rather than homocysteine, were independently associated with worse survival in HCC patients, regardless of the genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism key enzymes. These findings suggesting that SAH may serve as a novel metabolism-related prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maierhaba Wusiman
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong-Tong He
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Chu Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Tao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;.
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Zhou Z, Zhang N, Wu Z, Song Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Huo Y, Li J. Serum S-adenosylhomocysteine levels are associated with first stroke in Chinese adults with hypertension. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 560:119730. [PMID: 38810671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and stroke has not been confirmed due to the specialized equipment and time requirements necessary for S-adenosylhomocysteine testing. We aimed to explore the association between SAH and stroke. METHODS A nested, case-control study drawn from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial of rural adults with hypertension, including 557 first stroke cases and 557 matched controls was conducted. Serum SAH was measured by stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using 4500MD. Multiple conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SAH and first stroke. RESULTS In females, SAH levels were significantly higher in the stroke population than in the control group (16.0 ng/mL vs. 14.6 ng/mL). When SAH was assessed as quartiles, the odds of stroke were 1.78 (95 % CI: 1.02-3.09) in Quartile 2, 1.31 (95 % CI: 0.73-2.33) in Quartile 3, and 1.93 (95 % CI: 1.03-3.62) in Quartile 4, compared to Quartile 1. When Quartiles 2-4 were combined, the adjusted odds ratio of first stroke was 1.64 (95 % CI: 1.03-2.62) compared with Quartile 1. In subgroup analysis, a significant SAH-stroke association was observed in the lower vitamin D3 group (OR = 3.35, 95 % CI:1.72-6.53; P interaction, 0.035). In males, higher levels of SAH were associated with an increased risk of stroke in those under age 60. Compared with the reference group, the adjusted odds ratio of total stroke was 2.40 (95 % CI: 1.02-5.91) in the combined group (Quartile 2-4). In contrast, no significant association between SAH and stroke was found in males aged 60 or older. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that SAH is associated with a higher risk of stroke independently of homocysteine, especially in females. SAH may be a second predictor of stroke in the metabolic pathway of methionine, after homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhou
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Phamaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of H-type Hypertension and Stroke Precision Prevention Research and Development Enterprise, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Schoettler JJ, Brohm K, Mindt S, Jäger E, Hahn B, Fuderer T, Lindner HA, Schneider-Lindner V, Krebs J, Neumaier M, Thiel M, Centner FS. Mortality Prediction by Kinetic Parameters of Lactate and S-Adenosylhomocysteine in a Cohort of Critically Ill Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6391. [PMID: 38928097 PMCID: PMC11204002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia is associated with the development of organ dysfunction and death in critically ill patients commonly captured using blood lactate. The kinetic parameters of serial lactate evaluations are superior at predicting mortality compared with single values. S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), which is also associated with hypoxia, was recently established as a useful predictor of septic organ dysfunction and death. We evaluated the performance of kinetic SAH parameters for mortality prediction compared with lactate parameters in a cohort of critically ill patients. For lactate and SAH, maxima and means as well as the normalized area scores were calculated for two periods: the first 24 h and the total study period of up to five days following ICU admission. Their performance in predicting in-hospital mortality were compared in 99 patients. All evaluated parameters of lactate and SAH were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors. In univariate analysis, the predictive power for mortality of SAH was higher compared with lactate in all forms of application. Multivariable models containing SAH parameters demonstrated higher predictive values for mortality than models based on lactate parameters. The optimal models for mortality prediction incorporated both lactate and SAH parameters. Compared with lactate, SAH displayed stronger predictive power for mortality in static and dynamic application in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen J. Schoettler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Kathrin Brohm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
- Merck KGaA (SQ-Animal Affairs), Frankfurterstrasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sonani Mindt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Passau, Innstrasse 76, 94032 Passau, Germany
| | - Evelyn Jäger
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bianka Hahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Tanja Fuderer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Holger A. Lindner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Verena Schneider-Lindner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Joerg Krebs
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
| | - Franz-Simon Centner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.J.S.); (F.-S.C.)
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Andrews SG, Koehle AM, Paudel D, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Singh V, Bottiglieri T, Castro R. Diet-Induced Severe Hyperhomocysteinemia Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression and Dysregulates the Plasma Metabolome in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:330. [PMID: 38337615 PMCID: PMC10856797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the US. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), or the accumulation of the intermediate amino acid homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the intricate biological processes mediating this effect remain elusive. Several factors regulate homocysteine levels, including the activity of several enzymes and adequate levels of their coenzymes, including pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6), folate (vitamin B9), and methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). To better understand the biological influence of HHcy on the development and progression of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE-/- mice), a model for human atherosclerosis, were fed a hyperhomocysteinemic diet (low in methyl donors and B vitamins) (HHD) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks, the plasma, aorta, and liver were collected to quantify methylation metabolites, while plasma was also used for a broad targeted metabolomic analysis. Aortic plaque burden in the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) was quantified via 14T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A severe accumulation of plasma and hepatic homocysteine and an increased BCA plaque burden were observed, thus confirming the atherogenic effect of the HHD. Moreover, a decreased methylation capacity in the plasma and aorta, indirectly assessed by the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH) was detected in HHD mice together with a 172-fold increase in aortic cystathionine levels, indicating increased flux through the transsulfuration pathway. Betaine and its metabolic precursor, choline, were significantly decreased in the livers of HHD mice versus CD mice. Widespread changes in the plasma metabolome of HHD mice versus CD animals were detected, including alterations in acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, triacylglycerol levels, and several indicators of dysfunctional lipid metabolism. This study confirms the relevance of severe HHcy in the progression of vascular plaque and suggests novel metabolic pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Andrews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Anthony M. Koehle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA;
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Qin H, Liu C, Li C, Feng C, Bo Huang. Advances in bi-directional relationships for EZH2 and oxidative stress. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113876. [PMID: 38070859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2) has emerged as a vital repressive complex in overall cell fate determination. In mammals, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EHZ2), which is the core component of PRC2, has also been recognized as an important regulator of inflammatory, redox, tumorigenesis and damage repair signalling networks. To exert these effects, EZH2 must regulate target genes epigenetically or interact directly with other gene expression-regulating factors, such as LncRNAs and microRNAs. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of research advances, discoveries and trends regarding the regulatory mechanisms between EZH2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). First, we outline novel findings about how EZH2 regulates the generation of ROS at the molecular level. Then, we summarize how oxidative stress controls EHZ2 alteration (upregulation, downregulation, or phosphorylation) via various molecules and signalling pathways. Finally, we address why EZH2 and oxidative stress have an undefined relationship and provide potential future research ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, PR China.
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You Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Pang J, Chen Q, Liu Q, Xue H, Zeng Y, Xiao J, Mi J, Tang Y, Ling W. Epigenetic modulation of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase promotes vascular senescence and atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102828. [PMID: 37517319 PMCID: PMC10400927 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular senescence, which is closely related to epigenetic regulation, is an early pathological condition in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and the consequent increase of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, has been associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the inhibition of SAHH accelerates vascular senescence and the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The case-control study related to vascular aging showed that increased levels of plasma SAH were positively associated with the risk of vascular aging, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.90 (95% CI, 1.17-13.02). Elevated pulse wave velocity, impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation response, and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining were observed in the artery of SAHH+/- mice at 32 weeks of age. Additionally, elevated expression of p16, p21, and p53, fission morphology of mitochondria, and over-upregulated expression of Drp1 were observed in vascular endothelial cells with SAHH inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Further downregulation of Drp1 using siRNA or its specific inhibitor, mdivi-1, restored the abnormal mitochondrial morphology and rescued the phenotypes of vascular senescence. Furthermore, inhibition of SAHH in APOE-/- mice promoted vascular senescence and atherosclerosis progression, which was attenuated by mdivi-1 treatment. Mechanistically, hypomethylation over the promoter region of DRP1 and downregulation of DNMT1 were demonstrated with SAHH inhibition in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS SAHH inhibition epigenetically upregulates Drp1 expression through repressing DNA methylation in endothelial cells, leading to vascular senescence and atherosclerosis. These results identify SAHH or SAH as a potential therapeutic target for vascular senescence and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Xue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Mi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Omar M, Alexiou M, Rekhi UR, Lehmann K, Bhardwaj A, Delyea C, Elahi S, Febbraio M. DNA methylation changes underlie the long-term association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1164499. [PMID: 37153468 PMCID: PMC10160482 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1164499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, the leading cause of adult tooth loss, has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies suggest that periodontitis, like other CVD risk factors, shows the persistence of increased CVD risk even after mitigation. We hypothesized that periodontitis induces epigenetic changes in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (BM), and such changes persist after the clinical elimination of the disease and underlie the increased CVD risk. We used a BM transplant approach to simulate the clinical elimination of periodontitis and the persistence of the hypothesized epigenetic reprogramming. Using the low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLRo ) atherosclerosis mouse model, BM donor mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis and orally inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a keystone periodontal pathogen; the second group was sham-inoculated. Naïve LDLR o mice were irradiated and transplanted with BM from one of the two donor groups. Recipients of BM from Pg-inoculated donors developed significantly more atherosclerosis, accompanied by cytokine/chemokines that suggested BM progenitor cell mobilization and were associated with atherosclerosis and/or PD. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, 375 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and global hypomethylation in recipients of BM from Pg-inoculated donors were observed. Some DMRs pointed to the involvement of enzymes with major roles in DNA methylation and demethylation. In validation assays, we found a significant increase in the activity of ten-eleven translocase-2 and a decrease in the activity of DNA methyltransferases. Plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine levels were significantly higher, and the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio was decreased, both of which have been associated with CVD. These changes may be related to increased oxidative stress as a result of Pg infection. These data suggest a novel and paradigm-shifting mechanism in the long-term association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic CVD.
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Zhang RS, Tang L, Zhang Y, Shi XL, Shu J, Wang L, Zhang X, Xu YP, Zou JF, Wang R, Chen H, Tang GF. Effect of folic acid supplementation on the change of plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine level in Chinese hypertensive patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:238-244. [PMID: 36447492 PMCID: PMC9701592 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between folic acid and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is controversial. This study aims to explore the effect of different doses of folic acid supplementation on SAH levels in hypertensive patients and the modification of methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism. A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Hypertensive patients aged 45-75 years without a history of stroke and cardiovascular disease were selected, who were randomly assigned to one of 8 dose groups. This trial has been registered with Trial Number: ChiCTR1800016135. In the total population, folic acid supplementation of 0.4-2.0 mg/day had no effect on SAH level (β = 0.47, 95% CI: -0.86-1.79, p = 0.491), while folic acid supplementation of 2.4 mg/day significantly increased SAH level (β = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.22-3.64, p = 0.027). Stratified analysis found that MTHFR C677T genotype CC supplemented with 2.4 mg/day folic acid had no effect on SAH level (β = 0.30, 95% CI: -2.74-3.34, p = 0.847), while CT and TT genotype supplemented with 2.4 mg/day folic acid showed a significant increase in SAH level (CT: β = 2.98, 95% CI: 0.34-5.62, p = 0.027; TT: β = 3.00, 95% CI: -0.51-6.51, p = 0.095; CT combined with TT: β = 2.99, 95% CI: 0.90-5.09, p = 0.005). In conclusion, supplementation of 2.4 mg/day folic acid can lead to increased SAH levels, especially in MTHFR C677T genotype CT and TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Shan Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Li Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ji Shu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian-Fei Zou
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Gen-Fu Tang
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Zhu Q, Qin M, Wang Z, Wu Y, Chen X, Liu C, Ma Q, Liu Y, Lai W, Chen H, Cai J, Liu Y, Lei F, Zhang B, Zhang S, He G, Li H, Zhang M, Zheng H, Chen J, Huang M, Zhong S. Plasma metabolomics provides new insights into the relationship between metabolites and outcomes and left ventricular remodeling of coronary artery disease. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:173. [PMID: 36242008 PMCID: PMC9569076 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a metabolically perturbed pathological condition. However, the knowledge of metabolic signatures on outcomes of CAD and their potential causal effects and impacts on left ventricular remodeling remains limited. We aim to assess the contribution of plasma metabolites to the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as left ventricular remodeling. RESULTS In a prospective study with 1606 Chinese patients with CAD, we have identified and validated several independent metabolic signatures through widely-targeted metabolomics. The predictive model respectively integrating four metabolic signatures (dulcitol, β-pseudouridine, 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine, and kynurenine) for death (AUC of 83.7% vs. 76.6%, positive IDI of 0.096) and metabolic signatures (kynurenine, lysoPC 20:2, 5-methyluridine, and L-tryptophan) for MACE (AUC of 67.4% vs. 59.8%, IDI of 0.068) yielded better predictive value than trimethylamine N-oxide plus clinical model, which were successfully applied to predict patients with high risks of death (P = 0.0014) and MACE (P = 0.0008) in the multicenter validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that 11 genetically inferred metabolic signatures were significantly associated with risks of death or MACE, such as 4-acetamidobutyric acid, phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenic acid), and modified nucleosides (β-pseudouridine, 2-(dimethylamino) guanosine). Mediation analyses show that the association of these metabolites with the outcomes could be partly explained by their roles in promoting left ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study provided new insights into the relationship between plasma metabolites and clinical outcomes and its intermediate pathological process left ventricular dysfunction in CAD. The predictive model integrating metabolites can help to improve the risk stratification for death and MACE in CAD. The metabolic signatures appear to increase death or MACE risks partly by promoting adverse left ventricular dysfunction, supporting potential therapeutic targets of CAD for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Qin
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zixian Wang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Chen Liu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Qilin Ma
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yibin Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Weihua Lai
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Yemao Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Fang Lei
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220 Guangdong China
| | - Guodong He
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hanping Li
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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10
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Xiao J, You Y, Chen X, Tang Y, Chen Y, Liu Q, Liu Z, Ling W. Higher S-adenosylhomocysteine and lower ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine were more closely associated with increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis than homocysteine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918698. [PMID: 36034911 PMCID: PMC9399787 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the relationship of C1 metabolites of the methionine cycle with the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in the Chinese population. Methods A total of 2,991 participants aged 45–75 years old were included for data analyses based on the baseline data of the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Cohort. Three core serum methionine metabolites including serum S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. SA was determined by B-mode ultrasound measured carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at the common artery and bifurcation segments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the associations of C1 metabolites of the methionine cycle with SA risk or CIMT. Results After controlling for potential cofounders and other C1 metabolites, in comparison with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had lower risk of SA by 27.6% (OR = 0.724; 95% CI:0.563–0.93, Ptrend = 0.007) for SAM and 32.2% (OR = 0.678; 95% CI:0.538–0.855, Ptrend < 0.001) for SAM/SAH, while increased SA risk by 27.9% (OR = 1.279; 95% CI: 1.065–1.535, Ptrend < 0.001) for SAH. No significant association was observed for Hcy with SA after further adjustment of SAH and SAM. The results of multivariable linear regression showed similar findings. The highest two standardized coefficients were observed for SAH (β = 0.104 for CCA and 0.121 for BIF, P< 0.001) and SAM/SAH (β = −0.071 for CCA and −0.084 for BIF, P< 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested more evident associations of SAH with SA were observed in participants of higher cardiovascular risk profiles. Conclusion Our cross-sectional data showed higher serum SAH, but lower SAM/SAH were independently associated with increased risk of SA among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, China
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11
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You Y, Sun X, Xiao J, Chen Y, Chen X, Pang J, Mi J, Tang Y, Liu Q, Ling W. Inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase induces endothelial senescence via hTERT downregulation. Atherosclerosis 2022; 353:1-10. [PMID: 35753115 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been established that endothelial senescence plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) level induced by inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is one of the risk factors of atherosclerosis; however, the interplay between endothelial senescence and inhibition of SAHH is largely unknown. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after serial passage were used. SAHH-specific inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (ADA) and SAHH siRNA treated HUVECs and SAHH+/-mice were used to investigate the effect of SAHH inhibition on endothelial senescence. RESULTS HUVECs exhibited distinct senescence morphology as HUVECs were passaged, together with a decrease in intracellular SAHH expression and an increase in intracellular SAH levels. SAHH inhibition by ADA or SAHH siRNA elevated SA β-gal activity, arrested proliferation, and increased the expression of p16, p21 and p53 in HUVECs and the aortas of mice. In addition, decreased expression of hTERT and reduced occupancy of H3K4me3 over the hTERT promoter region were observed following SAHH inhibition treatment. To further verify the role of hTERT in the endothelial senescence induced by SAHH inhibition, hTERT was overexpressed with a plasmid vector under CMV promoter. hTERT overexpression rescued the senescence phenotypes in endothelial cells induced by SAHH inhibition. CONCLUSIONS SAHH inhibition induces endothelial senescence via downregulation of hTERT expression, which is associated with attenuated histone methylation over the hTERT promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Mi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Zhan Y, Xie C, Xiang Y, Chen D, Wu Y. Clinical value and expression of Homer 1, homocysteine, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, fibroblast growth factors 23 in coronary heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35546659 PMCID: PMC9097103 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore clinical value and expression of Homer 1, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy), fibroblast growth factors (FGF) 23 in coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods From March 2020 to April 2021, a total of 137 patients with CHD and 138 healthy subjects who came to our hospital for physical examination and had no cardiovascular disease were retrospectively enrolled, and they were assigned to the CHD group and the control group, respectively. Patients in the CHD group were divided into stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n = 48), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group (n = 46), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n = 43) according to clinical characteristics for subgroup analysis. The degree of coronary artery stenosis was assessed by Gensini score, which is a reliable assessment tool for the severity of coronary artery disease. The levels of Homer 1, SAH, Hcy, and FGF 23 were tested and compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Homer1, SAH, Hcy, FGF23 levels and Gensini score, and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of coronary heart disease. Results Demographic characteristics of each group were comparable (P > 0.05). The body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and glucose levels of the SAP group, UAP group and AMI group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the number of patients with smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes history was significantly more than that of the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of each subgroup was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The above indicators showed no significant difference among three subgroups (P > 0.05). Serum SAH, Hcy, Homer1 and FGF23 levels in each subgroup were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). And above indicators in SAP group and UAP group were significantly lower than those in AMI group (P < 0.05), and the levels of above indicators in SAP group were significantly lower than those in UAP group (P < 0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum Homer1, FGF23, SAH, Hcy levels were positively correlated with Gensini score (r = 0.376, 0.623, 0.291, 0.372, all P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol consumption, obesity, HDL-C, FGF23, SAH, Hcy, Homer 1 were independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. Conclusion The levels of FGF23, SAH, Hcy, and Homer1 tend to increase in patients with CHD compared with normal population, and the more severe the disease, the higher the levels, which has certain reference value for the clinical diagnosis of CHD and the evaluation and monitoring of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Cui Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
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13
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Mi J, Chen X, Tang Y, You Y, Liu Q, Xiao J, Ling W. S-adenosylhomocysteine induces cellular senescence in rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells via NF-κB-SASP pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Dai X, Liu S, Cheng L, Huang T, Guo H, Wang D, Xia M, Ling W, Xiao Y. Epigenetic Upregulation of H19 and AMPK Inhibition Concurrently Contribute to S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Deficiency-Promoted Atherosclerotic Calcification. Circ Res 2022; 130:1565-1582. [PMID: 35410483 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease; inhibition of SAH hydrolase (SAHH) results in SAH accumulation and induces endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. However, the effect and mechanism of SAHH in atherosclerotic calcification is still unclear. We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of SAHH in atherosclerotic calcification. METHODS The relationship between SAHH and atherosclerotic calcification was investigated in patients with coronary atherosclerotic calcification. Different in vivo genetic models were used to examine the effect of SAHH deficiency on atherosclerotic calcification. Human aortic and murine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured to explore the underlying mechanism of SAHH on osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. RESULTS The expression and activity of SAHH were decreased in calcified human coronary arteries and inversely associated with coronary atherosclerotic calcification severity, whereas plasma SAH and total homocysteine levels were positively associated with coronary atherosclerotic calcification severity. Heterozygote knockout of SAHH promoted atherosclerotic calcification. Specifically, VSMC-deficient but not endothelial cell-deficient or macrophage-deficient SAHH promoted atherosclerotic calcification. Mechanistically, SAHH deficiency accumulated SAH levels and induced H19-mediated Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2)-dependent osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs by inhibiting DNMT3b (DNA methyltransferase 3 beta) and leading to hypomethylation of the H19 promoter. On the other hand, SAHH deficiency resulted in lower intracellular levels of adenosine and reduced AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation. Adenosine supplementation activated AMPK and abolished SAHH deficiency-induced expression of H19 and Runx2 and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. Finally, AMPK activation by adenosine inhibited H19 expression by inducing Sirt1-mediated histone H3 hypoacetylation and DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation of the H19 promoter in SAHH deficiency VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS We have confirmed a novel correlation between SAHH deficiency and atherosclerotic calcification and clarified a new mechanism that epigenetic upregulation of H19 and AMPK inhibition concurrently contribute to SAHH deficiency-promoted Runx2-dependent atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.D., S.L., L.C., T.H., Y.X.)
| | - Si Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.D., S.L., L.C., T.H., Y.X.)
| | - Lokyu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.D., S.L., L.C., T.H., Y.X.)
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.D., S.L., L.C., T.H., Y.X.)
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China (H.G.)
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (D.W., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (D.W., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (D.W., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China (X.D., S.L., L.C., T.H., Y.X.)
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15
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Wu Y, Wang L, Zhan Y, Zhang Z, Chen D, Xiang Y, Xie C. The expression of SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF in coronary heart disease and its relationship with the severity of coronary stenosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:101. [PMID: 35282820 PMCID: PMC8919521 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of serum S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), serum homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in coronary heart disease and their relationship with the degree of coronary artery disease. Methods A total of 132 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) from March 2020 to April 2021 were included in this retrospective study. The experimental group was composed of CHD patients, including single-vascular group (46 cases), dual-vascular group (49 cases), and multi-vascular group (37 cases). 145 healthy subjects during the same period for physical examination constituted the control group. Results The levels of SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF in single-vascular group, dual-vascular group and multi-vascular group were higher than that in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum levels of SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF in multi-vascular group were higher than those in single-vascular group and dual-vascular group, and the serum levels of SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF in dual-vascular group were higher than those in single-vascular group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Kendall’s tau-b correlation showed that the levels of SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF were positively correlated with the number of stenosis vessels (r = 0.421, 0.533, 0.301, 0.265, 0.678, P = 0.016, 0.009, 0.023, 0.036, 0.004). Conclusion SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF in serum of patients with CHD can be used as effective biological indicators to monitor the degree of CHD and severity of coronary stenosis.
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16
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Dai X, Liu S, Cheng L, Huang T, Guo H, Wang D, Xia M, Ling W, Xiao Y. Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030718. [PMID: 35277077 PMCID: PMC8840105 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. However, the causal association between SAH and atherosclerosis is still uncertain. In the present study, heterozygous SAH hydrolase (SAHH+/−) knockout mice were bred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to produce ApoE−/−/SAHH+/− mice. At 8 weeks of age, these mice were fed on AIN-93G diets added with or without betaine (4 g betaine/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Compared with ApoE−/−/SAHHWT mice, SAHH deficiency caused an accumulation of plasma SAH concentration and a decrease in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/SAH ratio as well as plasma homocysteine levels. Betaine supplementation lowered SAH levels and increased SAM/SAH ratio and homocysteine levels in ApoE−/−/SAHH+/− mice. Furthermore, SAHH deficiency promoted the development of atherosclerosis, which was reduced by betaine supplementation. The atheroprotective effects of betaine on SAHH-deficiency-promoted atherosclerosis were associated with inhibition of NFκB inflammation signaling pathway and inhibition of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that betaine supplementation lowered plasma SAH levels and protected against SAHH-deficiency-promoted atherosclerosis through repressing inflammation and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Si Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Lokyu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.W.); (M.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.W.); (M.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (D.W.); (M.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.C.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0989-0750
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Plasma S-Adenosylmethionine Is Associated with Lung Injury in COVID-19. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7686374. [PMID: 34956420 PMCID: PMC8702356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7686374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) are indicators of global transmethylation and may play an important role as markers of severity of COVID-19. Methods The levels of plasma SAM and SAH were determined in patients admitted with COVID-19 (n = 56, mean age = 61). Lung injury was identified by computed tomography (CT) in accordance with the CT0-4 classification. Results SAM was found to be a potential marker of lung damage risk in COVID-19 patients (SAM > 80 nM; CT3,4 vs. CT 0-2: relative ratio (RR) was 3.0; p = 0.0029). SAM/SAH > 6.0 was also found to be a marker of lung injury (CT2-4 vs. CT0,1: RR = 3.47, p = 0.0004). There was a negative association between SAM and glutathione level (ρ = −0.343, p = 0.011). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were associated with SAM (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.01) and SAH (ρ = 0.534, p = 0.001) levels. Conclusions A high SAM level and high methylation index are associated with the risk of lung injury in patients with COVID-19. The association of SAM with IL-6 and glutathione indicates an important role of transmethylation in the development of cytokine imbalance and oxidative stress in patients with COVID-19.
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Liu S, Liao R, Dai X, Guo H, Wang D, Xia M, Ling W, Xiao Y. Association between plasma S-adenosylmethionine and risk of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: A cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1360-1370. [PMID: 34192296 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as methyl donors participates in methylation and is converted into S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), which is a precursor of homocysteine. Increased plasma SAH and homocysteine are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relation of plasma SAM with cardiovascular risk is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To determine the relation between plasma SAM and risk of mortality among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Baseline plasma SAM concentrations were measured in 1553 patients with CAD from the Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort between October 2008 and December 2011. Proportional hazards Cox analyses were performed to ascertain associations between SAM and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 9.2 (IQR: 8.5-10.2) y, of 1553 participants, 321 had died, including 227 deaths from cardiovascular diseases. Patients in the lowest quartile of SAM concentrations had a higher risk of all-cause death (HR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.21) and cardiovascular death (HR, 2.14; 95% CI: 1.41, 3.27) than those in the highest quartile in multivariable adjusted analysis. Each 1-SD decrease in the SAM concentration remained associated with a 42% greater risk of total death (HR, 1.42; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.64) and a 66% higher risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.01) after fully adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, each 1-SD decrease in plasma SAM/SAH ratio, as the methylation index, was also inversely associated with the risk of all-cause (HR, 1.80; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.29) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI: 1.29, 2.19) in fully adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our data show a significant inverse relation between plasma SAM and risk of mortality in patients with CAD after adjustment for homocysteine, SAH, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Epigenetic regulation of TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to SAHH inhibition-aggravated diabetic nephropathy. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102033. [PMID: 34119876 PMCID: PMC8209273 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is hydrolyzed by SAH hydrolase (SAHH) to homocysteine and adenosine. Increased plasma SAH levels were associated with disturbed renal function in patients with diabetes. However, the role and mechanism of SAHH in diabetic nephropathy is still unknown. In the present study, we found that inhibition of SAHH by using its inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (ADA) accumulates intracellular or plasma SAH levels and increases high glucose-induced podocyte injury and aggravates STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, which is associated with Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Inhibition or knockout of NLRP3 attenuates SAHH inhibition-aggravated podocyte injury and diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, SAHH inhibition increases thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-mediated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but these effects were not observed in TXNIP knockout mice. Mechanistically, SAHH inhibition increased TXNIP by inhibiting histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and reduced trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 and its enrichment at promoter of early growth response 1 (EGR1). Moreover, EGR1 is activated and enriched at promoters of TXNIP by SAHH inhibition and is essential for SAHH inhibition-induced TXNIP expression. Inhibition of EGR1 protected against SAHH inhibition-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, the harmful effects of SAHH inhibition on inflammation and oxidative stress and diabetic nephropathy were also observed in heterozygote SAHH knockout mice. These findings suggest that EZH2/EGR1/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling cascade contributes to SAHH inhibition-aggravated diabetic nephropathy. Our study firstly provides a novel insight into the role and mechanism of SAHH inhibition in diabetic nephropathy. SAHH inhibition accumulates SAH levels and aggravates podocyte injury and diabetic nephropathy. SAHH inhibition induces TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. SAHH inhibition increases TXNIP by inhibiting EZH2 and reducing H3K27me3 and its enrichment at promoter of EGR1. EGR1 is required for SAHH inhibition-induced TXNIP and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and diabetic nephropathy.
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Joseph J, Giczewska A, Alhanti B, Cheema AK, Handy DE, Mann DL, Loscalzo J, Givertz MM. Associations of methyl donor and methylation inhibitor levels during anti-oxidant therapy in heart failure. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:295-304. [PMID: 33595776 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox balance and methylation are crucial to homeostasis and are linked by the methionine-homocysteine cycle. We examined whether differences in methylation potential, measured as plasma levels of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), occur at baseline and during anti-oxidant therapy with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We analyzed plasma samples collected at baseline and 24 weeks in the Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients (EXACT-HF) study, which randomized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction to allopurinol or placebo. Associations between plasma levels of SAM, SAH, SAM/SAH ratio, and outcomes, including laboratory markers and clinical events, were assessed. Despite randomization, median SAM levels were significantly lower at baseline in the allopurinol group. SAH levels at 24 weeks, and change in SAM from baseline to week 24, were significantly higher in the group of patients randomized to allopurinol compared to the placebo group. A significant correlation was observed between change in SAH levels and change in plasma uric acid (baseline to 24-week changes) in the allopurinol group. There were no significant associations between levels of SAM, SAH, and SAM/SAH ratio and clinical outcomes. Our results demonstrate significant biological variability in SAM and SAH levels at baseline and during treatment with an anti-oxidant and suggest a potential mechanism for the lack of efficacy observed in trials of anti-oxidant therapy. These data also highlight the need to explore personalized therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Givertz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Stojan G, Li J, Liu T, Kane MA, Petri MA. Intracellular homocysteine metabolites in SLE: plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine correlates with coronary plaque burden. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:8/1/e000453. [PMID: 33479047 PMCID: PMC7825256 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims We hypothesised that intracellular homocysteine and homocysteine metabolite levels in patients with SLE are disproportionately elevated compared with the levels seen in healthy subjects and that they are independently associated with coronary plaque in SLE. Methods A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry absolute quantification assay was used for the determination of six analytes in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): homocysteine (Hcy), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), methionine (Met), cystathionine (Cysta) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5m-THF). We then compared intracellular (PBMC) and extracellular (plasma) Hcy and Hcy metabolite (SAM, SAH, Met, Cysta and 5m-THF) concentrations in 10 patients with SLE and in 10 age, sex and ethnicity matched controls. Subjects with a history of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, alcohol consumption in excess of 3 units per day, anaemia, renal insufficiency (serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL) and pregnancy were excluded. All patients with SLE had two coronary CT angiography studies as screening for occult coronary atherosclerotic disease. Results Plasma from patients with SLE had higher levels of Hcy (p<0.0001), SAH (p<0.05), SAM (p<0.001) and lower levels of Met (p<0.05) and Cysta (p<0.001) compared with controls. PBMC intracellular concentrations from patients with SLE had higher levels of Cysta (p<0.05), SAH (p<0.05), SAM (p<0.001) and lower levels of 5m-THF (p<0.001). Plasma SAH showed a positive correlation with total coronary plaque, calcified plaque and non-calcified plaque (p<0.05). Conclusion Intracellular concentrations of Hcy metabolites were significantly different between patients with SLE and controls, despite similar intracellular Hcy levels. Plasma SAH was positively correlated with total coronary plaque, calcified plaque and non-calcified plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stojan
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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No Effect of Diet-Induced Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia on Vascular Methylating Capacity, Atherosclerosis Progression, and Specific Histone Methylation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082182. [PMID: 32717800 PMCID: PMC7468910 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis through mechanisms which are still incompletely defined. One possible mechanism involves the hypomethylation of the nuclear histone proteins to favor the progression of atherosclerosis. In previous cell studies, hypomethylating stress decreased a specific epigenetic tag (the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, H3K27me3) to promote endothelial dysfunction and activation, i.e., an atherogenic phenotype. Here, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the impact of mild HHcy on vascular methylating index, atherosclerosis progression and H3K27me3 aortic content in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. In two different sets of experiments, male mice were fed high-fat, low in methyl donors (HFLM), or control (HF) diets for 16 (Study A) or 12 (Study B) weeks. At multiple time points, plasma was collected for (1) quantification of total homocysteine (tHcy) by high-performance liquid chromatography; or (2) the methylation index of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH ratio) by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry; or (3) a panel of inflammatory cytokines previously implicated in atherosclerosis by a multiplex assay. At the end point, aortas were collected and used to assess (1) the methylating index (SAM:SAH ratio); (2) the volume of aortic atherosclerotic plaque assessed by high field magnetic resonance imaging; and (3) the vascular content of H3K27me3 by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, in both studies, HFLM-fed mice, but not those mice fed control diets, accumulated mildly elevated tHcy plasmatic concentrations. However, the pattern of changes in the inflammatory cytokines did not support a major difference in systemic inflammation between these groups. Accordingly, in both studies, no significant differences were detected for the aortic methylating index, plaque burden, and H3K27me3 vascular content between HF and HFLM-fed mice. Surprisingly however, a decreased plasma SAM: SAH was also observed, suggesting that the plasma compartment does not always reflect the vascular concentrations of these two metabolites, at least in this model. Mild HHcy in vivo was not be sufficient to induce vascular hypomethylating stress or the progression of atherosclerosis, suggesting that only higher accumulations of plasma tHcy will exhibit vascular toxicity and promote specific epigenetic dysregulation.
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Xiao Y, Xia J, Cheng J, Huang H, Zhou Y, Yang X, Su X, Ke Y, Ling W. Inhibition of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Induces Endothelial Dysfunction via Epigenetic Regulation of p66shc-Mediated Oxidative Stress Pathway. Circulation 2020; 139:2260-2277. [PMID: 30773021 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the precursor of homocysteine, are positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the role of SAH in endothelial dysfunction is unclear. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient ( apoE-/-) mice received dietary supplementation with the SAH hydrolase (SAHH) inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde or were intravenously injected with a retrovirus expressing SAHH shRNA. These 2 approaches, along with the heterozygous SAHH gene knockout ( SAHH+/-) mouse model, were used to elevate plasma SAH levels and to examine the role of SAH in aortic endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between plasma SAH levels and endothelial dysfunction was also investigated in human patients with coronary artery disease and healthy control subjects. RESULTS Plasma SAH levels were increased in SAHH+/- mice and in apoE-/- mice after dietary administration of adenosine dialdehyde or intravenous injection with SAHH shRNA. SAHH+/- mice or apoE-/- mice with SAHH inhibition showed impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability after treatment with acetylcholine; this was completely abolished by the administration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Furthermore, SAHH inhibition induced production of reactive oxygen species and p66shc expression in the mouse aorta and human aortic endothelial cells. Antioxidants and p66shc siRNA prevented SAHH inhibition-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and attenuated the impaired endothelial vasomotor responses in high-SAH mice. Moreover, inhibition of SAHH induced hypomethylation in the p66shc gene promoter and inhibited expression of DNA methyltransferase 1. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1, induced by transduction of an adenovirus, was sufficient to abrogate SAHH inhibition-induced upregulation of p66shc expression. Finally, plasma SAH levels were inversely associated with flow-mediated dilation and hypomethylation of the p66shc gene promoter and positively associated with oxidative stress levels in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that inhibition of SAHH results in elevated plasma SAH levels and induces endothelial dysfunction via epigenetic upregulation of the p66shc-mediated oxidative stress pathway. Our study provides novel molecular insight into mechanisms of SAH-associated endothelial injury that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT03345927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen (H.H., X.Y.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Yani Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen (H.H., X.Y.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (X.S.)
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology (Y.X., J.X., J.C., Y.Z., YK.), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.L.)
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Vitamin B2 and Folate Concentrations are Associated with ARA, EPA and DHA Fatty Acids in Red Blood Cells of Brazilian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122918. [PMID: 31810311 PMCID: PMC6950420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate are essential for methylation reactions and possibly influence the transport of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and red blood cells (RBC). Associations between B-vitamin biomarkers and fatty acid (FA) profile were analyzed in Brazilian children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 249 children and adolescents, aged 9–13 years old. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire and the healthy eating index (HEI). Biomarkers for vitamins B2, B6, B12, and folate were measured in plasma. The FA profile and the metabolites of one-carbon metabolism were measured in RBC. Associations were tested with multiple linear regression models. An increase of 1 nmol/L in vitamin B2 was associated with an increase of 0.19 mg/dL of EPA, 0.20 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.25 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. An increase of 1 ng/mL in plasma folate was associated with an increase of 0.14 mg/dL of EPA, 0.22 mg/dL of ARA, and 0.21 mg/dL of DHA in RBC. These findings highlight the importance of an adequate intake of vitamin B2 and folate in childhood, since they may improve the FA profile in RBCs and may help prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Ivanov AV, Kruglova MP, Virus ED, Bulgakova PO, Vital'evich Grachev S, Kubatiev AA. Determination of S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and methylthioadenosine in urine using solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:209-214. [PMID: 31779046 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for direct determination of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and methylthioadenosine (MTA) in urine was developed based on MEKC by using SDS modified with isobutanol in the presence of PEG-300. Analytes were first extracted with grafted phenylborononic acid. Using a 50 µm internal diameter silica capillary of 32 cm total length filled with 0.05 M SDS, 0.05 M H3 PO4 , 5% (v/v) isobutanol, and 10% (v/v) PEG-300, LOQ of 0.15 µM for SAM and SAH, and 0.2 µM for MTA was reached. Accuracy was 92% for MTA, 109% for SAH, and 105% for SAM, intra- and interday imprecision were <2.5 and ≤3%, respectively. The total time of analysis for one sample was 10 min. Analysis of 30 urine samples from healthy volunteers showed that the median SAM and SAH levels were 12.1 and 0.73 µM, respectively. MTA levels, which were determined in urine for the first time (according to our data), were 0.43 µM, and these values correlated well with the SAM level (r = 0.748, p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Edward Danielevich Virus
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Olegovna Bulgakova
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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Ivanov AV, Dubchenko EA, Kruglova MP, Virus ED, Bulgakova PO, Alexandrin VV, Fedoseev AN, Boyko AN, Grachev SV, Kubatiev AA. Determination of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in blood plasma by UPLC with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:366-374. [PMID: 31295723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A validated approach to determine various methionine cycle metabolites (S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and methylthioadenosine) in human blood plasma is offered. The approach is based on solid-phase extraction (with grafted phenylboronic acid) and derivatization with chloroacetaldehyde followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. We used a 100 × 2.1 mm × 1.8 μm C18 column for the selective separation of analytes. Chromatographic separation was achieved with gradient elution of acetonitrile (flow rate 0.2 mL/min) from 2 to 20%. The eluent was initially composed of 10 mM KH2PO4 with 10 mM acetic acid and 25 μM heptafluorobutyric acid. The total analysis time was 11 min. Validation of the method included detection of the limit of detection (2 nM), limit of quantification (5 nM), accuracy (97.2-101%), and intra- and interday precision (2.2-9.0%). Analysis of plasma samples from healthy volunteers revealed that the average levels of S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and methylthioadenosine were 93.6, 20.9 and 14.8 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Petrovna Kruglova
- Institute Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward Danielevich Virus
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Olegovna Bulgakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anatolij Nikolaevich Fedoseev
- State Budgetary Institution of the city of Moscow "City clinical hospital №24", Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia; Russian Medical Academy of Postdoctoral Education, Moscow, Russia
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Ramachandran S, Loganathan S, Cheeran V, Charles S, Munuswamy-Ramanujan G, Ramasamy M, Raj V, Mala K. Forskolin attenuates doxorubicin-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine and s-adenosylhomocysteine via methyltransferase activity in leukemic monocytes. Leuk Res Rep 2018; 9:28-35. [PMID: 29892545 PMCID: PMC5993357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor drug, associated with cardiomyopathy. Strategies to address DOX-cardiomyopathy are scarce. Here, we identify the effect of forskolin (FSK) on DOX-induced-asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA) accumulation in monocytoid cells. DOX-challenge led to i) augmented cytotoxicity, reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) production and methyltransferase-enzyme-activity identified as ADMA and s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) accumulation (SAH-A). However, except cytotoxicity, other DOX effects were decreased by metformin and FSK. FSK, did not alter the DOX-induced cytotoxic effect, but, decreased SAH-A by >50% and a combination of three drugs restored physiological methyltransferase-enzyme-activity. Together, protective effect of FSK against DOX-induced SAH-A is associated with mitigated methyltransferase-activity, a one-of-a-kind report.
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Key Words
- ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine
- CT, chemotherapy
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
- DDAH, dimethylarginine diaminohydrolase
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Endothelial dysfunction
- FSK, forskolin
- Forskolin
- HCY, homocysteine
- HTRF, homogenous time-resolved fluorescence
- L-arg, L-arginine
- L-cit, L-citrulline
- MET, metformin
- Metformin
- Methyltransferase
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OS, oxidative stress
- PRMT1, protein arginine methyltransferase1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAH, s-adenosylhomocysteine;
- SAH-A, SAH accumulation
- SAHH, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase
- SAM, s-adenosylmethionine
- SIRT1, sirtuin1
- cAMP, cyclic AMP
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhiya Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Swetha Loganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Vinnie Cheeran
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Soniya Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India.,Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | | | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Vijay Raj
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
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28
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Huang X, Lv X, Song H, Yang Q, Sun Y, Zhang W, Yu X, Dong S, Yao W, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang B, Ma L, Huang G, Gao Y. The relationship between S-adenosylhomocysteine and coronary artery lesions: A case control study. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:314-320. [PMID: 28684218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of homocysteine (Hcy) in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial, as decreased Hcy levels have not demonstrated consistent clinical benefits. Recent studies propose that S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and not Hcy, plays a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the relationship between plasma SAH and coronary artery lesions. Participants (n=160; aged 40-80years) with chest pain and suspected CAD underwent coronary angiography (CAG) for assessment of coronary artery stenosis, and were assigned to either the atherosclerosis (AS) or CAD group. Plasma SAH and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentrations were measured and the association between coronary artery lesions and SAH was assessed. SAH levels were significantly higher in the CAD group (23.09±2.4nmol/L) than in the AS group (19.2±1.5nmol/L). While the AS group had higher values for SAM/SAH (5.1±0.7 vs. 4.1±1.1), levels of SAM, Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 were similar in the two groups. Coronary artery lesions were associated with SAH (β=11.8 [95% CI: 5.88, 17.7, P<0.05]. Plasma SAH concentrations are independently associated with coronary artery lesions among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Plasma SAH might be a novel biomarker for the early clinical identification of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuemin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangdong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaozhuang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongle Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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29
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Current epigenetic aspects the clinical kidney researcher should embrace. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1649-1667. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 10–12% of the world’s adult population, is associated with a considerably elevated risk of serious comorbidities, in particular, premature vascular disease and death. Although a wide spectrum of causative factors has been identified and/or suggested, there is still a large gap of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms and the complexity of the CKD phenotype. Epigenetic factors, which calibrate the genetic code, are emerging as important players in the CKD-associated pathophysiology. In this article, we review some of the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications and aspects on their role in the perturbed uraemic milieu, as well as the prospect of applying epigenotype-based diagnostics and preventive and therapeutic tools of clinical relevance to CKD patients. The practical realization of such a paradigm will require that researchers apply a holistic approach, including the full spectrum of the epigenetic landscape as well as the variability between and within tissues in the uraemic milieu.
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30
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Song J, Wang D, Chen H, Huang X, Zhong Y, Jiang N, Chen C, Xia M. Association of Plasma 7-Ketocholesterol With Cardiovascular Outcomes and Total Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2017; 120:1622-1631. [PMID: 28381400 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC), a form of cholesterol oxidation product, plays an essential role in the atherogenesis in animal models.
Objective:
We sought to determine the association of circulating 7-KC with clinical cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Methods and Results:
We measured the plasma 7-KC levels by high-performance liquid chromatography in a prospective cohort study of 1016 patients (mean age, 63.2 years; male 61.1%) with stable coronary artery disease who were recruited from December 2008 to December 2011 and followed up for a median of 4.6 years. We adjudicated myocardial infarction, hospitalization of heart failure, cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and composite end points of myocardial infarction/heart failure/death by review of medical records and death certificates. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis to compare the incidence rate of cardiovascular events and all-cause death according to the quartile of the plasma 7-KC. During the median 4.6 years follow-up, totally 221 participants (21.8%) experienced a cardiovascular event or death. The adjusted risk of the composite end points was higher in the highest 7-KC quartile than in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–2.21;
P
<0.001). After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables and other biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), 1 SD increase in the 7-KC level remained associated with a 36% higher rate of composite outcomes (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.48;
P
=0.007). Plasma 7-KC clearly improved various model performance measures, including C statistics, integrated discrimination, and category-free net reclassification.
Conclusions:
High 7-KC levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, total death, and composite outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Duan Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Hongen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Xiuwei Huang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Yuan Zhong
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Nan Jiang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Chaogang Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
| | - Min Xia
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (J.S., H.C., X.H., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China (D.W.); and Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
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31
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Barroso M, Handy DE, Castro R. The Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hypomethylation. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817698994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Liu Y, Chen H, Mu D, Li D, Zhong Y, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Xia M. Association of Serum Retinoic Acid With Risk of Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2016; 119:557-63. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Retinoic acid (RA) and its mediated nuclear receptor signaling have broad protective effects on vascular systems. Whether circulating levels of RA are associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease is still unknown.
Objective:
To evaluate the association of circulating RA with the risk of mortality.
Methods and Results:
We measured serum RA concentrations in 1499 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (mean age, 61 years; male, 67%) recruited from October 2008 and December 2011 in the Expanded Guangdong Coronary Artery Disease Cohort. During a median (interquartile range) period of 4.4 (3.6 to 6.1) years of follow-up, there were 295 all-cause mortality, among which 208 had cardiovascular mortality. Serum RA level was significantly lower in participants with mortality (median 21 [11–47] nmol/L) than in those without mortality (median 39 [19–86] nmol/L). In multivariate analyses, the hazard ratios for total mortality among those in the lowest (referent) to highest quartiles of serum RA measured at study entry were 1.0, 0.83, 0.74, and 0.56, respectively (
P
-trend<0.001). For cardiovascular mortality, the comparable hazard ratios were 1.0, 0.76, 0.69, and 0.60 (
P
-trend<0.001). Furthermore, high RA levels (defined as >median) were associated with lower risk of total mortality (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.85;
P
=0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.78;
P
<0.001) compared with low RA (defined as ≤median).
Conclusions:
Serum RA level was associated with lower risk of mortality in a population-based coronary artery disease cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongen Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Di Mu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Di Li
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhong
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Min Xia
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Y.L., H.C., D.M., D.L., Y.Z., N.J., M.X.); and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People’s Liberation Army, Guangdong, China (Y.Z.)
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Zawada AM, Schneider JS, Michel AI, Rogacev KS, Hummel B, Krezdorn N, Müller S, Rotter B, Winter P, Obeid R, Geisel J, Fliser D, Heine GH. DNA methylation profiling reveals differences in the 3 human monocyte subsets and identifies uremia to induce DNA methylation changes during differentiation. Epigenetics 2016; 11:259-72. [PMID: 27018948 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1158363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population consisting of 3 subsets: classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+ and nonclassical CD14+CD16++ monocytes. Via poorly characterized mechanisms, intermediate monocyte counts rise in chronic inflammatory diseases, among which chronic kidney disease is of particular epidemiologic importance. DNA methylation is a central epigenetic feature that controls hematopoiesis. By applying next-generation Methyl-Sequencing we now tested how far the 3 monocyte subsets differ in their DNA methylome and whether uremia induces DNA methylation changes in differentiating monocytes. We found that each monocyte subset displays a unique phenotype with regards to DNA methylation. Genes with differentially methylated promoter regions in intermediate monocytes were linked to distinct immunological processes, which is in line with results from recent gene expression analyses. In vitro, uremia induced dysregulation of DNA methylation in differentiating monocytes, which affected several transcription regulators important for monocyte differentiation (e.g., FLT3, HDAC1, MNT) and led to enhanced generation of intermediate monocytes. As potential mediator, the uremic toxin and methylation inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine induced shifts in monocyte subsets in vitro, and associated with monocyte subset counts in vivo. Our data support the concept of monocyte trichotomy and the distinct role of intermediate monocytes in human immunity. The shift in monocyte subsets that occurs in chronic kidney disease, a proinflammatory condition of substantial epidemiological impact, may be induced by accumulation of uremic toxins that mediate epigenetic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Zawada
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Jenny S Schneider
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Anne I Michel
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Kyrill S Rogacev
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany.,b University Heart Center Luebeck, Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Luebeck , Germany
| | - Björn Hummel
- c Department of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany.,d Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | | | - Soeren Müller
- e GenXPro GmbH , Frankfurt/Main , Germany.,f Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | | | - Rima Obeid
- d Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- d Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine/Central Laboratory, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
| | - Gunnar H Heine
- a Department of Internal Medicine IV , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg , Germany
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34
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Barroso M, Kao D, Blom HJ, Tavares de Almeida I, Castro R, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. S-adenosylhomocysteine induces inflammation through NFkB: A possible role for EZH2 in endothelial cell activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:82-92. [PMID: 26506125 PMCID: PMC4674364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) can induce endothelial dysfunction and activation, contributing to atherogenesis; however, its role in the activation of the inflammatory mediator NFkB has not been explored. Our aim was to determine the role of NFkB in SAH-induced activation of endothelial cells. Furthermore, we examined whether SAH, as a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, suppresses the function of EZH2 methyltransferase to contribute to SAH-induced endothelial cell activation. We found that excess SAH increases the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Importantly, this up-regulation was suppressed in cells expressing a dominant negative form of the NFkB inhibitor, IkB. Moreover, SAH accumulation triggers the activation of both the canonical and non-canonical NFkB pathways, decreases EZH2, and reduces histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation. EZH2 knockdown recapitulated the effects of excess SAH on endothelial activation, i.e., it induced NFkB activation and the subsequent up-regulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Our findings suggest that suppression of the epigenetic regulator EZH2 by excess SAH may contribute to NFkB activation and the consequent vascular inflammatory response. These studies unveil new targets of SAH regulation, demonstrating that EZH2 suppression and NFkB activation mediated by SAH accumulation may contribute to its adverse effects in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Derrick Kao
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henk J Blom
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Xiao Y, Su X, Huang W, Zhang J, Peng C, Huang H, Wu X, Huang H, Xia M, Ling W. Role of S-adenosylhomocysteine in cardiovascular disease and its potential epigenetic mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:158-66. [PMID: 26117455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transmethylation reactions utilize S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor and are central to the regulation of many biological processes: more than fifty SAM-dependent methyltransferases methylate a broad spectrum of cellular compounds including DNA, histones, phospholipids and other small molecules. Common to all SAM-dependent transmethylation reactions is the release of the potent inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) as a by-product. SAH is reversibly hydrolyzed to adenosine and homocysteine by SAH hydrolase. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, a major unanswered question is if homocysteine is causally involved in disease pathogenesis or simply a passive and indirect indicator of a more complex mechanism. A chronic elevation in homocysteine levels results in a parallel increase in intracellular or plasma SAH, which is a more sensitive biomarker of cardiovascular disease than homocysteine and suggests that SAH is a critical pathological factor in homocysteine-associated disorders. Previous reports indicate that supplementation with folate and B vitamins efficiently lowers homocysteine levels but not plasma SAH levels, which possibly explains the failure of homocysteine-lowering vitamins to reduce vascular events in several recent clinical intervention studies. Furthermore, more studies are focusing on the role and mechanisms of SAH in different chronic diseases related to hyperhomocysteinemia, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and obesity. This review summarizes the current role of SAH in cardiovascular disease and its effect on several related risk factors. It also explores possible the mechanisms, such as epigenetics and oxidative stress, of SAH. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetic dynamics in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xuefen Su
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaoqiong Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haixiong Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xiao Y, Huang W, Zhang J, Peng C, Xia M, Ling W. Increased Plasma S-Adenosylhomocysteine–Accelerated Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Epigenetic Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in apoE
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Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:60-70. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (Y.X., W.H., J.Z., C.P.); and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.X., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (Y.X., W.H., J.Z., C.P.); and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.X., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (Y.X., W.H., J.Z., C.P.); and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.X., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Chaoqiong Peng
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (Y.X., W.H., J.Z., C.P.); and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.X., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Min Xia
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (Y.X., W.H., J.Z., C.P.); and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.X., M.X., W.L.)
| | - Wenhua Ling
- From the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (Y.X., W.H., J.Z., C.P.); and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.X., M.X., W.L.)
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Barroso M, Florindo C, Kalwa H, Silva Z, Turanov AA, Carlson BA, de Almeida IT, Blom HJ, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL, Michel T, Castro R, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Inhibition of cellular methyltransferases promotes endothelial cell activation by suppressing glutathione peroxidase 1 protein expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15350-62. [PMID: 24719327 PMCID: PMC4140892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a negative regulator of most methyltransferases and the precursor for the cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine. We have previously identified a link between the homocysteine-induced suppression of the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) and endothelial dysfunction. Here we demonstrate a specific mechanism by which hypomethylation, promoted by the accumulation of the homocysteine precursor SAH, suppresses GPx-1 expression and leads to inflammatory activation of endothelial cells. The expression of GPx-1 and a subset of other selenoproteins is dependent on the methylation of the tRNA(Sec) to the Um34 form. The formation of methylated tRNA(Sec) facilitates translational incorporation of selenocysteine at a UGA codon. Our findings demonstrate that SAH accumulation in endothelial cells suppresses the expression of GPx-1 to promote oxidative stress. Hypomethylation stress, caused by SAH accumulation, inhibits the formation of the methylated isoform of the tRNA(Sec) and reduces GPx-1 expression. In contrast, under these conditions, the expression and activity of thioredoxin reductase 1, another selenoprotein, is increased. Furthermore, SAH-induced oxidative stress creates a proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells characterized by up-regulation of adhesion molecules and an augmented capacity to bind leukocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that SAH accumulation in endothelial cells can induce tRNA(Sec) hypomethylation, which alters the expression of selenoproteins such as GPx-1 to contribute to a proatherogenic endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Barroso
- From the Cardiovascular and ,the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and
| | - Cristina Florindo
- the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and
| | | | - Zélia Silva
- the Chronic Diseases Research Center, Departamento de Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton A. Turanov
- Genetics Divisions, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- the Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and ,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henk J. Blom
- the Department of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Genetics Divisions, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- the Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | | | - Rita Castro
- the Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) and ,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Diane E. Handy
- From the Cardiovascular and , To whom correspondence should be addressed: Cardiovascular Div., Dept. of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115. Tel.: 617-525-4845; Fax: 617-525-4830; E-mail:
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Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Hummel B, Berg JT, Friedrich A, Roth HJ, Obeid R, Geisel J, Fliser D, Heine GH. S-adenosylhomocysteine is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and renal function in a cardiovascular low-risk population. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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