1
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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2
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Nussbaumer H, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Dietary Recommendations for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 132:182-215. [PMID: 38286422 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-6772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Specialist Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach Campus, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | | | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Tombek
- Diabetes Centre Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany
- Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Skurk T. Nutritional Recommendations for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:33-50. [PMID: 36638807 DOI: 10.1055/a-1946-3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Tombek
- Diabetes Center Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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4
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Chu N, Chan JCN, Chow E. A diet high in FODMAPs as a novel dietary strategy in diabetes? Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2103-2112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Associations between free sugar intake and markers of health in the UK population: an analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:225-236. [PMID: 34369329 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recommendations for free sugar intake in the UK should be no more than 5 % of total energy due to increased health risks associated with overconsumption. It was therefore of interest to examine free sugar intakes and associations with health parameters in the UK population. The UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme (2008-2017) was used for this study. Dietary intake, anthropometrical measurements and clinical biomarker data collated from 5121 adult respondents aged 19-64 years were statistically analysed. Compared with the average total carbohydrate intake (48 % of energy), free sugars comprised 12·5 %, with sucrose 9 % and fructose 3·5 %. Intakes of these sugars, apart from fructose, were significantly different over collection year (P < 0·001) and significantly higher in males (P < 0·001). Comparing those consuming above or below the UK recommendations for free sugars (5 % energy), significant differences were found for BMI (P < 0·001), TAG (P < 0·001), HDL (P = 0·006) and homocysteine concentrations (P = 0·028), and significant sex differences were observed (e.g. lower blood pressure in females). Regression analysis demonstrated that free sugar intake could predict plasma TAG, HDL and homocysteine concentrations (P < 0·0001), consistent with the link between these parameters and CVD. We also found selected unhealthy food choices (using the UK Eatwell Guide) to be significantly higher in those that consumed above the recommendations (P < 0·0001) and were predictors of free sugar intakes (P < 0·0001). We have shown that adult free sugar intakes in the UK population are associated with certain negative health parameters that support the necessary reduction in free sugar intakes for the UK population.
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6
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Alvi T, Khan MKI, Maan AA, Razzaq ZU. Date fruit as a promising source of functional carbohydrates and bioactive compounds: A review on its nutraceutical potential. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14325. [PMID: 35894233 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From the past decade, consumption of ready-to-eat food and ease of access to fast food increased the onset of several diseases. Thus, there is a need to shift the trend from consumption of unhealthy food item to natural and healthy alternatives. In this context, fruits can be considered as functional food, which have ability to provide essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. These compounds when consume in adequate amount would have the potential to lower the onset of diseases. In this regard, Phoenix dactylifera or date fruit is an important source of functional carbohydrates and bioactive compounds for their use as functional foods. The major functional carbohydrate in date fruit are in the form of dietary fiber, such as β-glucan, cellulose and fructans along with other bioactive compounds. Additionally, it is also a good source of other important nutrients such as sugars, minerals, along with minor quantities of proteins and lipids. Due to these functional compounds, date fruit have shown a wide range of pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer. This review provides latest information regarding functional and nutraceutical carbohydrates of date fruits along-with mechanism of action on different diseases reported in recent years. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This will provide information to food industries for the development of innovative food products by using date fruit. Moreover, bioactive components from date fruit may prove to enhance global health and wellness. However, further research is needed on clinical trials for the development of functional food products by using date fruit for functional foods and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Alvi
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Aslam Maan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Razzaq
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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7
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Zhu L, Huang Q, Li X, Jin B, Ding Y, Chou CJ, Su KJ, Zhang Y, Chen X, Hwa KY, Thyparambil S, Liao W, Han Z, Mortensen R, Jin Y, Li Z, Schilling J, Li Z, Sylvester KG, Sun X, Ling XB. Serological Phenotyping Analysis Uncovers a Unique Metabolomic Pattern Associated With Early Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:841209. [PMID: 35463946 PMCID: PMC9024215 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.841209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted disorder affecting epidemic proportion at global scope. Defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond effectively to insulin are the underlying biology of T2DM. However, circulating biomarkers indicative of early diabetic onset at the asymptomatic stage have not been well described. We hypothesized that global and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomic discovery can identify novel serological metabolic biomarkers specifically associated with T2DM. We further hypothesized that these markers can have a unique pattern associated with latent or early asymptomatic stage, promising an effective liquid biopsy approach for population T2DM risk stratification and screening. Methods: Four independent cohorts were assembled for the study. The T2DM cohort included sera from 25 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy individuals for the biomarker discovery and sera from 15 patients with T2DM and 15 healthy controls for the testing. The Pre-T2DM cohort included sera from 76 with prediabetes and 62 healthy controls for the model training and sera from 35 patients with prediabetes and 27 healthy controls for the model testing. Both global and targeted (amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid) approaches were used to deep phenotype the serological metabolome by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Different machine learning approaches (Random Forest, XGBoost, and ElasticNet) were applied to model the unique T2DM/Pre-T2DM metabolic patterns and contrasted with their effectiness to differentiate T2DM/Pre-T2DM from controls. Results: The univariate analysis identified unique panel of metabolites (n = 22) significantly associated with T2DM. Global metabolomics and subsequent structure determination led to the identification of 8 T2DM biomarkers while targeted LCMS profiling discovered 14 T2DM biomarkers. Our panel can effectively differentiate T2DM (ROC AUC = 1.00) or Pre-T2DM (ROC AUC = 0.84) from the controls in the respective testing cohort. Conclusion: Our serological metabolite panel can be utilized to identifiy asymptomatic population at risk of T2DM, which may provide utility in identifying population at risk at an early stage of diabetic development to allow for clinical intervention. This early detection would guide ehanced levels of care and accelerate development of clinical strategies to prevent T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmin Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Teda Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiao Li
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Ding
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | | | - Kuo-Jung Su
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Yani Zhang
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | - Weili Liao
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Zhi Han
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | | | - Yi Jin
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Yunxiang Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - James Schilling
- mProbe Inc, Mountain View, CA, United States
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Laboratory Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
- Binhai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Tianjin, China
| | - Karl G. Sylvester
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xuguo Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuguo Sun, ; Xuefeng B. Ling,
| | - Xuefeng B. Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xuguo Sun, ; Xuefeng B. Ling,
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8
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Dietary recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:S151-S184. [PMID: 35359013 DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute for Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Focus Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Department of Ecotrophology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach Campus, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Kaji N, Namekawa J, Takagi Y, Watanabe A, Nemoto S, Minami Y, Katayanagi A, Kobayashi T, Asai F. Fructose prevents the development of hyperglycemia in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats via maintaining high insulin levels. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:577-585. [PMID: 35108433 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fructose is considered to negatively affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there are contradictory reports. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of fructose-rich diet (FRD) on glucose metabolism of WBN/Kob fatty diabetic (WBKDF) rats, a spontaneous T2DM model, and Wistar rats. WBKDF and Wistar rats were fed either FRD or standard diet (STD) for 4 weeks. The food intake, body weight, plasma glucose and insulin were measured weekly. After the 4-week challenge, rats were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). The liver and pancreas were used for histological analysis. The 4-week challenge of FRD in Wistar rats did not cause hyperglycemia, but increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Feeding WBKDF rats with a FRD accelerated obesity but prevented the onset of severe hyperglycemia via maintaining high plasma insulin levels. HOMA-IR in WBKDF rats was not changed by FRD feeding. IVGTT revealed that FRD feeding in Wistar rats did not affect glucose tolerance, but slightly increased the plasma insulin level. In contrast, FRD feeding in WBKDF rats significantly reduced the glucose tolerance, but insulin response was not improved. FRD feeding did not alter the beta cell area in Wistar rats, but significantly increased it in WBKDF rats. In conclusion, FRD caused insulin resistance in Wistar rats, suggesting that fructose overconsumption is a risk factor for T2DM, whereas FRD inhibited severe hyperglycemia by maintaining high insulin levels in WBKDF rats. Fructose may be a beneficial sugar for T2DM patients with severe obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ayaka Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nemoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | | | | | - Taiki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.,TEIJIN Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
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10
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Dietary pattern of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including date consumption. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Assess the relationship between date palm fruit consumption and diabetic control among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Subjects and methods
Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 404, aged 55.3 ± 9.7 years) were included in this study. Height, weight and blood pressure were initially measured. Blood glucose levels (fasting and random), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were retrieved from the patient’s medical records. The amount and frequency of habitual consumption of date fruits were obtained from patients using a validated dietary questionnaire.
Results
The results revealed that high consumption of date fruits was statistically significantly correlated with lower HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
This cross-sectional study found an association between high date fruit consumption by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and lower HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels. Further studies are required to verify this interesting finding
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11
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Pang S, Song P, Sun X, Qi W, Yang C, Song G, Wang Y, Zhang J. Dietary fructose and risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese residents aged 45 and above: results from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Nutr J 2021; 20:83. [PMID: 34602079 PMCID: PMC8489071 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of researches supported that dietary fructose was associated with most of the key features of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there was no related epidemiological studies among Chinese population, despite the sharp increase in MetS cases. This study explores the relationship between dietary fructose and MetS among Chinese residents aged 45 and above. METHODS A total of 25,528 participants (11,574 males and 13,954 females) were included in this nationwide representative cross-sectional study of China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Dietary fructose intake was assessed by 3-day 24-h dietary records. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation and Chinese Diabetes Society criteria. RESULTS The consumption of dietary fructose was 11.6 g/day for urban residents and 7.6 g/day for rural residents. Fruits and vegetables as well as their products were the main sources of fructose intake. There was no association between dietary fructose intake and the odds of having MetS in both urban (P = 0.315) and rural residents (P = 0.230) after adjustment for confounding factors. Moreover, for urban residents participating physical activities, the odds of having MetS in the fourth quartiles (OR: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.52-0.87) was lower than that in the first quartile. In the sensitivity analysis, a significant reduction in the odds of having MetS was also found in the fourth quartiles (OR, 95%CI: 0.68, 0.51-0.90; 0.67, 0.49-0.91; 0.74, 0.56-0.99) compared with the first quartile when excluding smokers, alcohol users, and underweight/obesity, respectively. And there was no association between dietary fructose intake and the odds of having MetS after multivariate adjustment stratified by gender, smoking and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Under the current dietary fructose intake status, there was no association between dietary fructose intake and the odds of having MetS among Chinese residents aged 45 and above. Physical activity and relatively low fructose intake may have a beneficial synergistic effect on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Pang
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Sun
- Research and Development center of Shandong Xiwang Sugar Co. Ltd, National Corn Deep Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Binzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition Research, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- Abt. Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
- Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München
| | | | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Klinik für Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Franziskus-Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Abt. Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina S. Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber K, Skurk T. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1515-8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, München
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
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Effect of a moderate dose of fructose in solid foods on TAG, glucose and uric acid before and after a 1-month moderate sugar-feeding period. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:837-843. [PMID: 33292887 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There are few data on the effects on TAG, glucose and uric acid of chronic consumption of a moderate dose of fructose in solid foods. Twenty-eight participants with prediabetes and/or obesity and overweight commenced the study (BMI 32·3 kg/m2, age 44·7 years, fasting glucose 5·3 (sd 0·89) mmol/l and 2-h glucose 6·6 (sd 1·8) mmol/l). Twenty-four men and women who completed the study consumed, in random order, two acute test meals of muffins sweetened with either fructose or sucrose. This was followed by 4-week chronic consumption of 42 g/d of either fructose or sucrose in low-fat muffins after which the two meal tests were repeated. The sugar type in the chronic feeding period was also randomised. Fasting TAG increased after chronic consumption of fructose by 0·31 (sd 0·37) mmol/l compared with sucrose in those participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (P = 0·004). Total cholesterol (0·33 mmol/l), LDL-cholesterol (0·24 mmol/l) and HDL-cholesterol (0·08 mmol/l) increased significantly over the 1- month feeding period with no differences between muffin types. Fasting glucose was not different after 1 month of muffin consumption. Uric acid response was not different between the two sugar types either baseline or 1 month, and there were no differences between baseline and 1 month. The increase in fasting TAG in participants with IFG/IGT suggests the need for caution in people at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Zhang D, Lee JH, Shin HE, Kwak SE, Bae JH, Tang L, Song W. The Effects of Exercise and Restriction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Muscle Function and Autophagy Regulation in High-Fat High-Sucrose-Fed Obesity Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:773-786. [PMID: 33761584 PMCID: PMC8497922 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy maintains muscle mass and healthy skeletal muscles. Several recent studies have associated sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with diseases. We investigated whether muscle dysfunction due to obesity could be restored by SSB restriction (SR) alone or in combination with exercise (EX) training. METHODS Obese mice were subjected to SR combined with treadmill EX. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, grip strength test, hanging time test, and body composition analysis were performed. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations and TG concentrations in quadriceps muscles were analyzed. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction helped analyze autophagy-related protein and mRNA expression, respectively. RESULTS SR alone had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and muscle function. However, it had effect on serum TC, serum TG, and BCL2 interacting protein 3 expression. SR+EX improved glucose tolerance and muscle function and increased serum TC utilization than SR alone. SR+EX reduced P62 levels, increased glucose transporter type 4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein expression, and improved grip strength relative to the high-fat and high-sucrose liquid (HFHS) group, and this was not observed in the HFHS+EX group. CONCLUSION SR induced mitophagy-related protein expression in quadriceps, without affecting muscle function. And, the combination of SR and EX activated mitophagy-related proteins and improved muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Zhang
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- School of Physical Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Shin
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wook Song
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Wook Song https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-6259 Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea E-mail:
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, González-Ramírez J, Giacoman-Martínez A, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Martínez-Martínez E, Osorio-Alonso H, Márquez-Velasco R, Sánchez-Gloria JL, Juárez-Vicuña Y, Gonzaga G, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Almanza-Pérez JC, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High fructose exposure modifies the amount of adipocyte-secreted microRNAs into extracellular vesicles in supernatants and plasma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11305. [PMID: 34055478 PMCID: PMC8140597 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High fructose exposure induces metabolic and endocrine responses in adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs in extracellular vesicles are endocrine signals secreted by adipocytes. Fructose exposure on the secretion of microRNA by tissues and cells is poorly studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fructose exposure on the secretion of selected microRNAs in extracellular vesicles from 3T3-L1 cells and plasma from Wistar rats. Methods 3T3-L1 cells were exposed to 550 µM of fructose or standard media for four days, microRNAs levels were determined in extracellular vesicles of supernatants and cells by RT-qPCR. Wistar rats were exposed to either 20% fructose drink or tap water for eight weeks, microRNAs levels were determined in extracellular vesicles of plasma and adipose tissue by RT-qPCR. Results This study showed that fructose exposure increased the total number of extracellular vesicles released by 3T3-L1 cells (p = 0.0001). The levels of miR-143-5p were increased in extracellular vesicles of 3T3-L1 cells exposed to fructose (p = 0.0286), whereas miR-223-3p levels were reduced (p = 0.0286). Moreover, in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles, miR-143-5p was higher in fructose-fed rats (p = 0.001), whereas miR-223-3p (p = 0.022), miR-342-3p (p = 0.0011), miR-140-5p (p = 0.0129) and miR-146b-5p (p = 0.0245) were lower. Conclusion Fructose exposure modifies the levels of microRNAs in extracellular vesicles in vitro and in vivo. In particular, fructose exposure increases miR-143-5p, while decreases miR-223-3p and miR-342-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México.,Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier González-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Mexicali, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermo Cardoso-Saldaña
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Celular y Vesículas Extracelulares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José L Sánchez-Gloria
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yaneli Juárez-Vicuña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermo Gonzaga
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
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Fattore E, Botta F, Bosetti C. Effect of fructose instead of glucose or sucrose on cardiometabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of isoenergetic intervention trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:209-226. [PMID: 33029629 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Free, or added, sugars are considered important determinants in the pandemics of obesity and associated chronic diseases, and fructose has emerged as the sugar of main concern. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to assess the evidence of the effects of isoenergetic replacement of fructose or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) for glucose or sucrose on cardiometabolic markers in controlled dietary intervention trials. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched from 1980 to May 5, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies were eligible if they measured at least one of the following outcomes: total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and body weight. DATA EXTRACTION For each outcome, the mean values and the corresponding measure of dispersion were extracted after the intervention or control diet. DATA ANALYSIS Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to pool study-specific estimates. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by the χ2 test and the I2 statistic and publication bias by the Egger test and funnel plots. RESULTS Twenty-five studies involving 1744 volunteers were identified. No significant effects were found when fructose or HFCS was substituted for glucose, except for a slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure when fructose was substituted for glucose. Similarly, no effects were found when fructose or HFCS was substituted for sucrose, except for a small increase, of uncertain clinical significance, of apolipoprotein B when HFCS was substituted for sucrose. CONCLUSIONS Isoenergetic substitution of fructose or HFCS for glucose or sucrose has no significant effect on most of the cardiometabolic markers investigated; however, some results were affected by residual between-study heterogeneity and studies with high or unclear risk of bias. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42016042930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Botta
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy, and with 1MED SA, Agno, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Stricker S, Rudloff S, Geier A, Steveling A, Roeb E, Zimmer KP. Fructose Consumption-Free Sugars and Their Health Effects. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:71-78. [PMID: 33785129 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive consumption of free sugars, including fructose, is considered a cause of overweight and metabolic syndrome throughout the Western world. In Germany, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults (54%, 18%) and children (15%, 6%) has risen in the past few decades and has now become stable at a high level. The causative role of fructose is unclear. METHODS This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library, with special attention to international guidelines and expert recommendations. RESULTS The hepatic metabolism of fructose is insulin-independent; because of the lack of a feedback mechanism, it leads to substrate accumulation, with de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Recent meta-analyses with observation periods of one to ten weeks have shown that the consumption of fructose in large amounts leads to weight gain (+ 0.5 kg [0.26; 0.79]), elevated triglyceride levels (+ 0.3 mmol/L [0.11; 0.41]), and steatosis hepatis (intrahepatocellular fat content: + 54% [29; 79%]) when it is associated with a positive energy balance (fructose dose + 25-40% of the total caloric requirement). Meta-analyses in the isocaloric setting have not shown any comparable effects. Children, with their preference for sweet foods and drinks, are prone to excessive sugar consumption. Toddlers under age two are especially vulnerable. CONCLUSION The effects that have been observed with the consumption of large amounts of fructose cannot be reliably distinguished from the effects of a generally excessive caloric intake. Further randomized and controlled intervention trials of high quality are needed in order to determine the metabolic effects of fructose consumed under isocaloric conditions. To lessen individual consumption of sugar, sugary dietary items such as sweetened soft drinks, fruit juice, and smoothies should be avoided in favor of water as a beverage and fresh fruit.
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19
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Zafar MI, Frese M, Mills KE. Chronic Fructose Substitution for Glucose or Sucrose in Food or Beverages and Metabolic Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:647600. [PMID: 33996873 PMCID: PMC8113762 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.647600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the publication of several of meta-analyses in recent years, the effects of fructose on human health remains a topic of debate. We previously undertook two meta-analyses on post-prandial and chronic responses to isoenergetic replacement of fructose for sucrose or glucose in food or beverages (Evans et al. 2017, AJCN 106:506–518 & 519–529). Here we report on the results of an updated search with a complete re-extraction of previously identified studies and a new and more detailed subgroup-analysis and meta-regression. We identified two studies that were published after our previous analyses, which slightly altered effect sizes and conclusions. Overall, the isoenergetic substitution of fructose for glucose resulted in a statistically significant but clinically irrelevant reduction in fasting blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations. A subgroup analysis by diabetes status revealed much larger reductions in fasting blood glucose in people with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. However, each of these subgroups contained only a single study. In people with a healthy body mass index, fructose consumption was associated with statistically significant, but clinically irrelevant reductions in fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin. Meta-regression of the outcomes by a number of pre-identified and post-hoc covariates revealed some sources of heterogeneity, such as year of publication, age of the participants at baseline, and participants' sex. However, the small number of studies and the large number of potential covariates precluded detailed investigations of effect sizes in different subpopulations. For example, well-controlled, high quality studies in people with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes are still lacking. Taken together, the available data suggest that chronic consumption of fructose is neither more beneficial, nor more harmful than equivalent doses of sucrose or glucose for glycemic and other metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael Frese
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kerry E Mills
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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20
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Khorshidian N, Shadnoush M, Zabihzadeh Khajavi M, Sohrabvandi S, Yousefi M, Mortazavian AM. Fructose and high fructose corn syrup: are they a two-edged sword? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:592-614. [PMID: 33499690 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1862068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-fructose syrups are used as sugar substitutes due to their physical and functional properties. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is used in bakery products, dairy products, breakfast cereals and beverages, but it has been reported that there might be a direct relationship between high fructose intake and adverse health effects such as obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Thus, fructose has recently received much attention, most of which was negative. Although studies have indicated that there might be a correlation between high fructose-rich diet and several adverse effects, however, the results of these studies cannot be certainly generalised to the effects of HFCS; because they have investigated pure fructose at very high concentrations in measurement of metabolic upsets. This review critically considered the advantages and possible disadvantages of HFCS application and consumption in food industry, as a current challenging issue between nutritionists and food technologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zabihzadeh Khajavi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sohrabvandi
- Department of Food Technology Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Della Corte KA, Penczynski K, Kuhnle G, Perrar I, Herder C, Roden M, Wudy SA, Remer T, Alexy U, Buyken AE. The Prospective Association of Dietary Sugar Intake in Adolescence With Risk Markers of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood. Front Nutr 2021; 7:615684. [PMID: 33537338 PMCID: PMC7848860 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.615684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the prospective relevance of dietary sugar intake (based on dietary data as well as urinary excretion data) in adolescent years for insulin sensitivity and biomarkers of inflammation in young adulthood. Methods: Overall 254 participants of the DONALD study who had at least two 3-day weighed dietary records for calculating intakes of fructose, glucose, sucrose, total, free, added sugars, total sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), juice, and sweets/sugar or at least two complete 24 h urine samples (n = 221) for calculating sugar excretion (urinary fructose and urinary fructose + sucrose) in adolescence (females: 9–15 years, males: 10–16 years) and a fasting blood sample in adulthood (18–36 years), were included in multivariable linear regression analyses assessing their prospective associations with adult homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and a pro-inflammatory score (based on CRP, IL-6, IL-18, leptin, chemerin, adiponectin). Results: On the dietary intake level, no prospective associations were observed between adolescent fructose, sucrose, glucose, added, free, total sugar, or total sugar from SSB, juice or sweets/sugar intake and adult HOMA2-%S (p > 0.01). On the urinary level, however, higher excreted fructose levels were associated with improved adult HOMA2-%S (p = 0.008) among females only. No associations were observed between dietary or urinary sugars and the adult pro-inflammatory score (p > 0.01). Conclusion: The present study did not provide support that dietary sugar consumed in adolescence is associated with adult insulin sensitivity. The one potential exception was the moderate dietary consumption of fructose, which showed a beneficial association with adult fasting insulin and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Penczynski
- Public Health Nutrition, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany.,Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Perrar
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- DONALD Study, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Public Health Nutrition, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Skurk T. Nutritional Recommendations for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:S27-S43. [PMID: 33374025 DOI: 10.1055/a-1284-6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Campus Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Formulations of low-sugar strawberry jams: quality characterization and acute post-pandrial glycaemic response. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Alberti G, Gana JC, Santos JL. Fructose, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E: Involvement in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113531. [PMID: 33212947 PMCID: PMC7698421 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of liver disease in both adults and children, becoming the leading cause for liver transplant in many countries. Its prevalence has increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the explosive increase in pediatric obesity rates. NAFLD is strongly associated with central obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and it has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Its complex pathophysiology involves a series of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, among others. Given the sharp increase in the prevalence of NAFLD and the lack of an appropriate pharmacological approach, it is crucial to consider the prevention/management of the disease based on lifestyle modifications such as the adoption of a healthy nutrition pattern. Herein, we review the literature and discuss the role of three key nutrients involved in pediatric NAFLD: fructose and its participation in metabolism, Omega-3 fatty acids and its anti-inflammatory effects and vitamin E and its action on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigliola Alberti
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile; (G.A.); (J.C.G.)
| | - Juan Cristóbal Gana
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile; (G.A.); (J.C.G.)
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2354-3868
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Wan Z, Khubber S, Dwivedi M, Misra NN. Strategies for lowering the added sugar in yogurts. Food Chem 2020; 344:128573. [PMID: 33199117 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The rising awareness about the adverse health effects of high sugar consumption has led to regulatory amendments for triggering sugar reduction in food products. Sugar reduction in yogurt is a challenging endeavor due to the changes in taste, flavor, texture, maintenance of food functionality, shelf-life, cost and consumer acceptability. A review of the scientific literature, patents, and web articles revealed several approaches being explored by the dairy industry to reduce the sugar addition. A careful assessment of these strategies and their critical analysis is presented in this review. The strategies for sugar reduction involve multifaceted approaches including the use of alternative low-calorie sweeteners, honey, fruit preparations, novel cultures, lactase addition, inulin fiber addition, and flavor interventions. Much of the work so far has focused on development of low-calorie alternative sweeteners, and novel sweeteners-based solutions are evolving. The use of food structuring approaches remains to be explored for sugar reduction in yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Wan
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sucheta Khubber
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Madhuresh Dwivedi
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Odisha, India
| | - N N Misra
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Rubin D, Bosy-Westphal A, Kabisch S, Kronsbein P, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber K, Skurk T. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1245-5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Stefan Kabisch
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, München
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Braunstein CR, Noronha JC, Khan TA, Mejia SB, Wolever TMS, Josse RG, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. Effect of fructose and its epimers on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3308-3318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Differential Effects of Chronic Ingestion of Refined Sugars versus Natural Sweeteners on Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082292. [PMID: 32751772 PMCID: PMC7469035 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the detrimental effect of refined sugars on health has been the subject of many investigations, little is known about the long-term impact of natural sweeteners on metabolic disorders. In this study we compared the metabolic responses to chronic ingestion of refined sugars compared to various natural sweeteners in diet-induced obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS) for 8 weeks and daily gavaged with a solution containing 1 g of total carbohydrates from refined sugar (sucrose or fructose) or six different natural sugar sources, followed by assessment of glucose homeostasis, hepatic lipid accumulation, and inflammation. While glucose tolerance was similar following treatments with refined and natural sugars, lowered glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia was observed with fructose. Consumption of fructose and all-natural sweeteners but not corn syrup were associated with lower insulin resistance as revealed by reduced fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to sucrose treatment of HFHS-fed rats. All-natural sweeteners and fructose induced similar liver lipid accumulation as sucrose. Nevertheless, maple syrup, molasses, agave syrup, and corn syrup as well as fructose further reduced hepatic IL-1β levels compared to sucrose treatment. We conclude that natural sweeteners and especially maple syrup, molasses, and agave syrup attenuate the development of insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation compared to sucrose in diet-induced obese rats, suggesting that consumption of those natural sweeteners is a less harmful alternative to sucrose in the context of obesity.
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Al-Jawadi A, Patel CR, Shiarella RJ, Romelus E, Auvinen M, Guardia J, Pearce SC, Kishida K, Yu S, Gao N, Ferraris RP. Cell-Type-Specific, Ketohexokinase-Dependent Induction by Fructose of Lipogenic Gene Expression in Mouse Small Intestine. J Nutr 2020; 150:1722-1730. [PMID: 32386219 PMCID: PMC7330472 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intakes of fructose are associated with metabolic diseases, including hypertriglyceridemia and intestinal tumor growth. Although small intestinal epithelia consist of many different cell types, express lipogenic genes, and convert dietary fructose to fatty acids, there is no information on the identity of the cell type(s) mediating this conversion and on the effects of fructose on lipogenic gene expression. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that fructose regulates the intestinal expression of genes involved in lipid and apolipoprotein synthesis, that regulation depends on the fructose transporter solute carrier family 2 member a5 [Slc2a5 (glucose transporter 5)] and on ketohexokinase (Khk), and that regulation occurs only in enterocytes. METHODS We compared lipogenic gene expression among different organs from wild-type adult male C57BL mice consuming a standard vivarium nonpurified diet. We then gavaged twice daily for 2.5 d fructose or glucose solutions (15%, 0.3 mL per mouse) into wild-type, Slc2a5-knockout (KO), and Khk-KO mice with free access to the nonpurified diet and determined expression of representative lipogenic genes. Finally, from mice fed the nonpurified diet, we made organoids highly enriched in enterocyte, goblet, Paneth, or stem cells and then incubated them overnight in 10 mM fructose or glucose. RESULTS Most lipogenic genes were significantly expressed in the intestine relative to the kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle. In vivo expression of Srebf1, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, Dgat1, Gk, Apoa4, and Apob mRNA and of Scd1 protein increased (P < 0.05) by 3- to 20-fold in wild-type, but not in Slc2a5-KO and Khk-KO, mice gavaged with fructose. In vitro, Slc2a5- and Khk-dependent, fructose-induced increases, which ranged from 1.5- to 4-fold (P < 0.05), in mRNA concentrations of all these genes were observed only in organoids enriched in enterocytes. CONCLUSIONS Fructose specifically stimulates expression of mouse small intestinal genes for lipid and apolipoprotein synthesis. Secretory and stem cells seem incapable of transport- and metabolism-dependent lipogenesis, occurring only in absorptive enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Present address for AA-J: Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5823 Newton Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Present address for CRP: Independent Drug Safety Consultant, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803
| | - Reilly J Shiarella
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emmanuellie Romelus
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Madelyn Auvinen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua Guardia
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah C Pearce
- Present address for SCP: Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760-5018
| | - Kunihiro Kishida
- Present address for KK: Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Lee DPS, Low JHM, Chen JR, Zimmermann D, Actis-Goretta L, Kim JE. The Influence of Different Foods and Food Ingredients on Acute Postprandial Triglyceride Response: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1529-1543. [PMID: 32609800 PMCID: PMC7666897 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of postprandial triglyceride (ppTG) as a cardiovascular disease risk indicator has gained recent popularity. However, the influence of different foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response has not been comprehensively characterized. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of foods or food ingredients on the ppTG response. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant acute (<24-h) randomized controlled trials published up to September 2018. Based on our selection criteria, 179 relevant trials (366 comparisons) were identified and systematically compiled into distinct food or food ingredient categories. A ppTG-lowering effect was noted for soluble fiber (Hedges' giAUC = -0.72; 95% CI: -1.33, -0.11), sodium bicarbonate mineral water (Hedges' gAUC = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.04), diacylglycerol oil (Hedges' giAUC = -0.38; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.00), and whey protein when it was contrasted with other proteins. The fats group showed significant but opposite effects depending on the outcome measure used (Hedges' giAUC = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.03; and Hedges' gAUC = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26). Data for other important food groups (nuts, vegetables, and polyphenols) were also assessed but of limited availability. Assessing for oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) recommendation compliance, most trials were ≥4 h long but lacked a sufficiently high fat challenge. iAUC and AUC were more common measures of ppTG. Overall, our analyses indicate that the effects on ppTG by different food groups are diverse, largely influenced by the type of food or food ingredient within the same group. The type of ppTG measurement can also influence the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Pei Shan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Hui Min Low
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lucas Actis-Goretta
- Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore,Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Schwingshackl L, Neuenschwander M, Hoffmann G, Buyken AE, Schlesinger S. Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk factors: a network meta-analysis on isocaloric substitution interventions. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:187-196. [PMID: 31711109 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy on the relevance of dietary sugar intake for cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess how isocaloric substitutions of dietary sugar with other carbohydrates affect cardiometabolic risk factors, comparing different intervention studies. METHODS We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the isocaloric effect of substituting dietary sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) with other sugars or starch on cardiometabolic risk markers, including LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and liver fat content. To identify the most beneficial intervention for each outcome, random-effects NMA was conducted by calculating pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs, and by ranking the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRAs). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis tool. RESULTS Thirty-eight RCTs, including 1383 participants, were identified. A reduction in LDL-cholesterol concentrations was shown for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: -0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.07 mmol/L) or fructose with starch (MD: -0.22 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.05 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 98%). FG concentrations were also lower for the exchange of sucrose with starch (MD: -0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.01 mmol/L; SUCRAstarch: 91%). Replacing fructose with an equivalent energy amount of glucose reduced HOMA-IR (MD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.02; SUCRAglucose: 74%) and uric acid (MD: -23.77 µmol/L; 95% CI: -44.21, -3.32 µmol/L; SUCRAglucose: 93%). The certainty of evidence was rated very low to moderate. No significant effects were observed for TG, HbA1c, CRP, ALT, and AST. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that substitution of sucrose and fructose with starch yielded lower LDL cholesterol. Insulin resistance and uric acid concentrations were beneficially affected by replacement of fructose with glucose. Our findings are limited by the very low to moderate certainty of evidence. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42018080297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption, and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lu J, Zhao W, Wang L, Fan Z, Zhu R, Wu Y, Zhou Y. Apple Preload Halved the Postprandial Glycaemic Response of Rice Meal on in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122912. [PMID: 31810219 PMCID: PMC6950014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible glycemic effect of apple preload on acute postprandial glycemic responses (GRs) of a following rice meal, comparing with its co-ingestion counterpart and an apple sugar solution preload, based on equal carbohydrates intake. In a randomized crossover trial, 18 healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of apple and rice (A+R), (3) apple preload and rice (PA+R), and (4) rice with sugar solution preload (same sugar profile as in apple) (PSS+R). Acute postprandial GR tests and subjective satiety tests were carried out for each test food. Compared with rice reference, the PA+R achieved a 50% reduction of the iAUC0-120, a 51.4% reduction of the average peak value, and a 52.6% reduction of glycemic excursion in 240 min, while the PSS+R showed 29.7% and 31.6% reduction of peak value and glycemic excursion, respectively. No significant differences were found between R and PA+R in any of the satiety characteristics. Compared with rice control, apple preload of 15 g available carbohydrates remarkably lowered the acute postprandial GR without negative effect on satiety. The sugar component may partly contribute to the glycemic suppressing effect of the apple preload.
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Sneed NM, Patrician PA, Morrison SA. Influences of added sugar consumption in adults with type 2 diabetes risk: A principle-based concept analysis. Nurs Forum 2019; 54:698-706. [PMID: 31612529 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to describe the concept added sugar in the context of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in adults. BACKGROUND Dietary added sugars are associated with a greater risk for T2D; however, it is unclear if added sugars influence T2D risk directly or if their effects are mediated by excess caloric intake and weight gain. DESIGN A principle-based concept analysis following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted to clarify the concept of added sugar. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Embase. Multidisciplinary, empirical evidence was appraised using four guiding principles outlined by the principle-based concept analysis method. RESULTS Thirty-five publications were included in this concept analysis. The concept, added sugar in the context of T2D risk, was found to be epistemologically immature and lacked conceptual clarity. CONCLUSIONS Added sugar is an immature concept warranting further refinement for conceptual advancement. To enhance conceptual clarity, the term "added sugar" should be used consistently in the scientific literature when discussing foods or beverages containing added sugars or caloric sweeteners. A clearer delineation of added sugar and its association with T2D risk in adults is critical to advance this concept within the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A Patrician
- Department of Family, Community Health, and Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shannon A Morrison
- Department of Family, Community Health, and Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Zafar MI, Mills KE, Zheng J, Regmi A, Hu SQ, Gou L, Chen LL. Low-glycemic index diets as an intervention for diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:891-902. [PMID: 31374573 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-glycemic index (GI) diets are thought to reduce postprandial glycemia, resulting in more stable blood glucose concentrations. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that low-GI diets would be superior to other diet types in lowering measures of blood glucose control in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and clinical trials registries for published and unpublished studies up until 1 March, 2019. We included 54 randomized controlled trials in adults or children with impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, or type 2 diabetes. Continuous data were synthesized using a random effects, inverse variance model, and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% CIs. RESULTS Low-GI diets were effective at reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL, but had no effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL, triglycerides, or insulin requirements. The reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c was inversely correlated with body weight. The greatest reduction in fasting blood glucose was seen in the studies of the longest duration. CONCLUSIONS Low-GI diets may be useful for glycemic control and may reduce body weight in people with prediabetes or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kerry E Mills
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Anita Regmi
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Qing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Luoning Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Hoffman S, Alvares D, Adeli K. Intestinal lipogenesis: how carbs turn on triglyceride production in the gut. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:284-288. [PMID: 31107259 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent evidence for the role of carbohydrates in the promotion of de novo lipogenesis and lipoprotein secretion from the intestine. RECENT FINDINGS The consumption of diets rich in carbohydrates have been shown to promote elevations in circulating lipids. In particular, the consumption of monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, have been shown to induce increases in intestinal de novo lipogenesis, as well as be used as a substrate for the synthesis of triglycerides and lipoprotein export in the form of chylomicrons. Recently, various systematic reviews have analyzed the relative contribution of dietary fructose to intestinal lipogenesis. Although, there remains controversy within the literature, the body of evidence supports lipogenic effects of high fructose diets. In addition, alterations in markers of de novo lipogenesis within the jejunum of patients with insulin resistance may explain the alterations in their postprandial lipid profile. SUMMARY Recent evidence supports the contribution of dietary carbohydrates to intestinal lipogenesis and lipoprotein secretion; however, further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hoffman
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Alvares
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zafar MI, Mills KE, Zheng J, Peng MM, Ye X, Chen LL. Low glycaemic index diets as an intervention for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:290-315. [PMID: 30460737 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may aid in weight loss by reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions, leading to more stable blood glucose concentrations and therefore a reduction in hunger. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low GI diets with other diet types. METHODS We included 101 studies involving 109 study arms and 8,527 participants. We meta-analysed the studies using a random-effects model and conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression based on control diet, blood glucose control, baseline BMI and dietary GI. RESULTS Low GI diets resulted in small but significant improvements in body weight, BMI, LDL and total cholesterol overall, although no individual control diet was significantly different from low GI diets. Studies in people with normal blood glucose who achieved a difference in GI of 20 points or more resulted in a larger reduction in body weight (SMD = -0.26; 95% CIs [-0.43, -0.09]), and total cholesterol (SMD = -0.24; 95% CIs [-0.42, -0.05]) than studies that only achieved a smaller reduction in GI. CONCLUSIONS Low GI diets, especially diets achieving a substantial decrease in GI, were moderately effective in lowering body weight. However, efforts should be made to increase compliance with low GI diets, in order for them to be effective in people with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K E Mills
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M M Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Camps SG, Koh HR, Wang NX, Henry CJ. High fructose consumption with a high-protein meal is associated with decreased glycemia and increased thermogenesis but reduced fat oxidation: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2018; 58:77-82. [PMID: 30391694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fructose is often recommended due to its ability to lower glycemic response and its increased thermogenic effect. Additionally, proteins can reduce the glycemic response of carbohydrate-rich foods and have a high diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inclusion of fructose in a high-protein meal would demonstrate metabolic advantages. METHODS Nineteen Asian women (body mass index 17-28 kg/m2) consumed a low-glycemic index (GI; fructose) or high GI (glucose), high-protein breakfast followed by a standardized lunch in a randomized crossover design. Simultaneously, 8-h continuous glucose monitoring provided incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and 4-h indirect calorimetry provided DIT and respiratory quotient (RQ). RESULTS The low GI diet resulted in a lower glucose iAUC (135 ± 25 versus 212 ± 23 mmol/L, P < 0.05) following breakfast, but no second-meal effect after the standardized lunch (217 ± 37 versus 228 ± 27 mmol/L, P < 0.05) compared with the high GI diet. Furthermore, 4-h DIT was greater (40.6 ± 2.3 versus 34.9 ± 1.8 kcal, P < 0.05) and RQ was increased after the fructose high-protein breakfast (0.047 ± 0.009 versus 0.028 ± 0.009, P < 0.05) compared with the glucose meal. CONCLUSIONS Fructose is an effective sweetener in reducing glycemia and increasing DIT in the presence of a high-protein diet. However, the reduced fat oxidation after high fructose consumption might present a risk for increased lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gerardus Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Huann Rong Koh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Nan Xin Wang
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Macedo RCO, Boeno FP, Farinha JB, Ramis TR, Rodrigues-Krause J, Vieira AF, Queiroz J, Moritz CEJ, Reischak-Oliveira A. Acute and residual effects of aerobic exercise on fructose-induced postprandial lipemia on lean male subjects. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2293-2303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Effects of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG: an update on systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:364-372. [PMID: 29962368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to re-examine the chronic effect (>7 d) of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG, in adolescents and adults. The research was carried out in March 2017 and used different electronic databases, such as Medline ® (Pubmed®), Embase® and Cochrane. The review considered clinical trials (parallel or crossed) that evaluated the effect of fructose consumption for a period longer than 7 d, in humans. Two investigators independently performed data extraction. The outcome was the absolute delta of TAG concentration in a 4-h postprandial period. The results were presented with delta mean difference between treatments with 95 % CI. The calculations were made based on random-effect models. Statistical heterogeneity of treatment effects between studies was assessed by Cochrane's 'Q Test' and 'I 2' inconsistency test. The meta-analysis of the twelve selected interventions (n 318) showed that fructose generated larger variation (δ) of TAG concentrations during the postprandial period, compared with other carbohydrates (mean difference: 8·02 (95 % CI 0·46, 15·58) mg/dl (0·09 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·18) mmol/l); I 2: 74 %). High heterogeneity was generated almost exclusively by one study, and its withdrawal did not alter the result. We concluded that chronic consumption of fructose (>7 d) has a negative role on postprandial TAG in healthy adolescents and adults, as well as in overweight/obese individuals, but not in diabetics.
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Zhu R, Fan Z, Dong Y, Liu M, Wang L, Pan H. Postprandial Glycaemic Responses of Dried Fruit-Containing Meals in Healthy Adults: Results from a Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E694. [PMID: 29848962 PMCID: PMC6024783 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the glycaemic response (GR) patterns of four dried fruits (DF) and the mixed meals containing dried fruits, rice and almonds. Dried apples (DApp), dried jujubes (DJ), raisins (Ra) and dried apricots (DApr) were tested in eleven healthy subjects in random order. Test meals included the following 3 groups: (1) dried fruits containing 50 g available carbohydrates; (2) mixed meals consisting of DF and rice (DF + R), each contributing 25 g available carbohydrates; (3) Group (2) supplemented with 30 g almonds (DF + R + A). The postprandial GR and other characteristics in 240 min were investigated. The GI values of 4 DFs were 43 for DApp, 55 for DJ, 56 for both Ra and DApr. The DApp displayed the smallest amplitude of glycaemic excursion within 240 min (MAGE0⁻240). Compared with rice, the DApp + R meal elicited a significantly reduced GR and a smaller MAGE0⁻240 (GI 81 vs. 65). With the addition of almonds, the GIs and MAGE0⁻240 decreased significantly in all DF + A + R combinations except DApp + R + A. The ratio of total fructose/glucose contents of test meals were negatively correlated to GIs. Dried fruits and nuts may have the potential to mitigate the postprandial GR when jointly introduced into glycaemic management diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhihong Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yang Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Manman Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haikun Pan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Valenzuela-Melgarejo FJ, Caro-Díaz C, Cabello-Guzmán G. Potential Crosstalk between Fructose and Melatonin: A New Role of Melatonin-Inhibiting the Metabolic Effects of Fructose. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7515767. [PMID: 30154843 PMCID: PMC6092995 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7515767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as fructose-rich syrups represents one of the significant, growing concerns related to the alarming trend of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders worldwide. Metabolic pathways affected by fructose involve genes related to lipogenesis/lipolysis, beta-oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, or altering of circadian production of insulin and leptin. Moreover, fructose can be a risk factor during pregnancy elevating the risk of preterm delivery, hypertension, and metabolic impairment of the mother and fetus. Melatonin is a chronobiotic and homeostatic hormone that can modulate the harmful effects of fructose via clock gene expression and metabolic pathways, modulating the expression of PPARγ, SREBF-1 (SREBP-1), hormone-sensitive lipase, C/EBP-α genes, NRF-1, PGC1α, and uncoupling protein-1. Moreover, this hormone has the capacity in the rat of reverting the harmful effects of fructose, increasing the body weight and weight ratio of the liver, and increasing the body weight and restoring the glycemia from mothers exposed to fructose. The aim of this review is to show the potential crosstalk between fructose and melatonin and their potential role during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Caro-Díaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile
| | - Gerardo Cabello-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile
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Geidl-Flueck B, Gerber PA. Insights into the Hexose Liver Metabolism-Glucose versus Fructose. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1026. [PMID: 28926951 PMCID: PMC5622786 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fructose intake in healthy men is associated with characteristics of metabolic syndrome. Extensive knowledge exists about the differences between hepatic fructose and glucose metabolism and fructose-specific mechanisms favoring the development of metabolic disturbances. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between fructose consumption and metabolic alterations is still debated. Multiple effects of fructose on hepatic metabolism are attributed to the fact that the liver represents the major sink of fructose. Fructose, as a lipogenic substrate and potent inducer of lipogenic enzyme expression, enhances fatty acid synthesis. Consequently, increased hepatic diacylglycerols (DAG) are thought to directly interfere with insulin signaling. However, independently of this effect, fructose may also counteract insulin-mediated effects on liver metabolism by a range of mechanisms. It may drive gluconeogenesis not only as a gluconeogenic substrate, but also as a potent inducer of carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), which induces the expression of lipogenic enzymes as well as gluconeogenic enzymes. It remains a challenge to determine the relative contributions of the impact of fructose on hepatic transcriptome, proteome and allosterome changes and consequently on the regulation of plasma glucose metabolism/homeostasis. Mathematical models exist modeling hepatic glucose metabolism. Future models should not only consider the hepatic adjustments of enzyme abundances and activities in response to changing plasma glucose and insulin/glucagon concentrations, but also to varying fructose concentrations for defining the role of fructose in the hepatic control of plasma glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Geidl-Flueck
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp A Gerber
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Evans RA, Frese M, Romero J, Cunningham JH, Mills KE. Chronic fructose substitution for glucose or sucrose in food or beverages has little effect on fasting blood glucose, insulin, or triglycerides: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:519-529. [PMID: 28592603 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Conflicting evidence exists on the role of long-term fructose consumption on health. No systematic review has addressed the effect of isoenergetic fructose replacement of other sugars and its effect on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, insulin, and triglycerides.Objective: The objective of this study was to review the evidence for a reduction in fasting glycemic and insulinemic markers after chronic, isoenergetic replacement of glucose or sucrose in foods or beverages by fructose. The target populations were persons without diabetes, those with impaired glucose tolerance, and those with type 2 diabetes.Design: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, and clinicaltrials.gov The date of the last search was 26 April 2016. We included randomized controlled trials of isoenergetic replacement of glucose, sucrose, or both by fructose in adults or children with or without diabetes of ≥2 wk duration that measured fasting blood glucose. The main outcomes analyzed were fasting blood glucose and insulin as well as fasting triglycerides, blood lipoproteins, HbA1c, and body weight.Results: We included 14 comparison arms from 11 trials, including 277 patients. The studies varied in length from 2 to 10 wk (mean: 28 d) and included doses of fructose between 40 and 150 g/d (mean: 68 g/d). Fructose substitution in some subgroups resulted in significantly but only slightly lowered fasting blood glucose (-0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.036 mmol/L), HbA1c [-10 g/L (95% CI: -12.90, -7.10 g/L; impaired glucose tolerance) and -6 g/L (95% CI: -8.47, -3.53 g/L; normoglycemia)], triglycerides (-0.08 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.02 mmol/L), and body weight (-1.40 kg; 95% CI: -2.07, -0.74 kg). There was no effect on fasting blood insulin or blood lipids.Conclusions: The evidence suggests that the substitution of fructose for glucose or sucrose in food or beverages may be of benefit to individuals, particularly those with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. However, additional high-quality studies in these populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Frese
- Health Research Institute.,Faculty of Education, Science, Technology, and Mathematics, and
| | - Julio Romero
- Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; and
| | - Judy H Cunningham
- Formerly of Risk Assessment Chemical Safety and Nutrition, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kerry E Mills
- Health Research Institute, .,Faculty of Education, Science, Technology, and Mathematics, and
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