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Xie XM, Liu T, Wang GY. Associations of fatty acids with the risk of biliary tract calculus and inflammation: a Mendelian randomization study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:8. [PMID: 38191483 PMCID: PMC10773125 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of gallstones in both the gallbladder and bile ducts is referred to as cholelithiasis. The prevalence of cholecystolithiasis and bile duct stones differs. Observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have elucidated the significant contributing role of numerous fatty acids (FAs) in the development of cholelithiasis. Despite numerous studies about cholelithiasis, evidence on the relationship between serum FA levels and cholecystolithiasis, as well as bile duct stones with or without inflammation, remains insufficient. METHODS A two-sample MR study was designed to clarify the impact of serum FA levels on various bile duct inflammatory diseases. The summary statistics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fatty acids were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB) and included data from 114,999 participants. The researchers obtained GWAS summary statistics for cholecystolithiasis and bile duct stones in 463,010 and 361,194 European participants, including cases with and without inflammation. No sample overlap between the exposure and outcome was verified through the "mr-lap" package. The SNPs were screened to identify instrumental variables (IVs). Cochran's Q test was applied for heterogeneity assessment. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) (fixed effects or random effects), MR-Egger regression and weighted median methods were used for MR. Multivariable MR was applied to determine the direct effect of each exposure on the outcome. A false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to adjust for multiple testing correction based on the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Finally, the FinnGen Consortium was used to validate some results. RESULTS The overall concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the serum was negatively associated with the risk of calculus of the gallbladder with acute cholecystitis (IVW, OR = 0.996, P = 0.038, CI 0.992-0.999; weighted median, OR = 0.995, P = 0.025, CI 0.991-0.999). The percentage of PUFAs to total monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs) (IVW, OR = 0.998, P = 0.045, CI 0.997-0.999) and the percentage of PUFAs to total FAs (IVW, OR = 0.997, P = 0.025, CI 0.995-0.999) had a protective role against cholecystitis. The percentage of PUFAs to total FAs had a protective role against calculus of the gallbladder without cholecystitis (IVW, OR = 0.995, P = 0.026, CI 0.990-0.999; MR Egger, OR = 0.99, P = 0.03, CI 0.982-0.998; weighted median, OR = 0.991, P = 5.41e-06, CI 0.988-0.995). Conversely, the percentage of MUFAs to total FAs increased the risk for cholecystitis (IVW, OR = 1.001, P = 0.034, CI 1.0001-1.002). However, there were no causal effects of the above exposures on the outcomes through multivariable MR and multiple testing correction. Finally, the causal effects of the above exposures on cholecystitis were validated in the FinnGen Consortium, which suggested that the percentage of PUFAs to total FAs (IVW, OR = 0.744, P = 0.021, CI 0.579-0.957) had a protective role against cholecystitis. CONCLUSION These Mendelian randomization findings suggested that more attention should be focused on people who have low serum PUFA levels, which may have a potential role in the occurrence of calculus of the gallbladder or cholecystitis rather than calculus of the bile duct without cholangitis or cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ming Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Ghzaiel I, Sassi K, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Ksila M, Leoni V, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Hammami S, Hammami M, Mackrill JJ, Samadi M, Ghrairi T, Vejux A, Lizard G. 7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105939. [PMID: 34118414 PMCID: PMC8188774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol, which is one of the earliest cholesterol oxidization products identified, is essentially formed by the auto-oxidation of cholesterol. In the body, 7-ketocholesterol is both provided by food and produced endogenously. This pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory molecule, which can activate apoptosis and autophagy at high concentrations, is an abundant component of oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins. 7-Ketocholesterol appears to significantly contribute to the development of age-related diseases (cardiovascular diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and Alzheimer's disease), chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and to certain cancers. Recent studies have also shown that 7-ketocholesterol has anti-viral activities, including on SARS-CoV-2, which are, however, lower than those of oxysterols resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol on the side chain. Furthermore, 7-ketocholesterol is increased in the serum of moderately and severely affected COVID-19 patients. In the case of COVID-19, it can be assumed that the antiviral activity of 7-ketocholesterol could be counterbalanced by its toxic effects, including pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant activities that might promote the induction of cell death in alveolar cells. It is therefore suggested that this oxysterol might be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by contributing to the acute respiratory distress syndrome and promoting a deleterious, even fatal outcome. Thus, 7-ketocholesterol could possibly constitute a lipid biomarker of COVID-19 outcome and counteracting its toxic effects with adjuvant therapies might have beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ghzaiel
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; University Tunis-El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; University Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Onco-Hematology (LR05ES05), Faculty of Medicine, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Thomas Nury
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France; University Tunis-El Manar, Loboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMoleecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biologie, Faculty of Sciences, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospitals of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Venoms and Therapeutic Molecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis & University of Tunis El Manar, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Sonia Hammami
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - John J Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- LCPMC-A2, ICPM, Dept of Chemistry, Univ. Lorraine, Metz Technopôle, Metz, France.
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- University Tunis-El Manar, Loboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of BioMoleecules, LR18ES03, Department of Biologie, Faculty of Sciences, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Anne Vejux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Gérard Lizard
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Oemer G, Edenhofer ML, Wohlfarter Y, Lackner K, Leman G, Koch J, Cardoso LHD, Lindner HH, Gnaiger E, Dubrac S, Zschocke J, Keller MA. Fatty acyl availability modulates cardiolipin composition and alters mitochondrial function in HeLa cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100111. [PMID: 34450173 PMCID: PMC8455370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular assembly of cells depends not only on the balance between anabolism and catabolism but to a large degree on the building blocks available in the environment. For cultured mammalian cells, this is largely determined by the composition of the applied growth medium. Here, we study the impact of lipids in the medium on mitochondrial membrane architecture and function by combining LC-MS/MS lipidomics and functional tests with lipid supplementation experiments in an otherwise serum-free and lipid-free cell culture model. We demonstrate that the composition of mitochondrial cardiolipins strongly depends on the lipid environment in cultured cells and favors the incorporation of essential linoleic acid over other fatty acids. Simultaneously, the mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity was altered, whereas the matrix-localized enzyme citrate synthase was unaffected. This raises the question on a link between membrane composition and respiratory control. In summary, we found a strong dependency of central mitochondrial features on the type of lipids contained in the growth medium. This underlines the importance of considering these factors when using and establishing cell culture models in biomedical research. In summary, we found a strong dependency of central mitochondrial features on the type of lipids contained in the growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Oemer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Edenhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yvonne Wohlfarter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Lackner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Geraldine Leman
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Herbert H Lindner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments Corporation, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Yang A, Wu Y, Yu G, Wang H. Role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in pulmonary inflammation diseases: mechanisms and development. Respir Res 2021; 22:204. [PMID: 34261470 PMCID: PMC8279385 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential mechanism of various diseases. The development and resolution of inflammation are complex immune-modulation processes which induce the involvement of various types of immune cells. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been demonstrated to be signaling molecules in inflammation. SPMs are involved in the pathophysiology of different diseases, especially respiratory diseases, including asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All of these diseases are related to the inflammatory response and its persistence. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and development of inflammation in respiratory disease, and the roles of the SPM family in the resolution process, might be useful in the quest for novel therapies and preventive measures for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China.
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Pelullo M, Savi D, Quattrucci S, Cimino G, Pizzuti A, Screpanti I, Talora C, Cialfi S. miR-125b/NRF2/HO-1 axis is involved in protection against oxidative stress of cystic fibrosis: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:585. [PMID: 33850557 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the physiopathology of cystic fibrosis (CF), oxidative stress implications are recognized and widely accepted. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) defects disrupt the intracellular redox balance causing CF pathological hallmarks. Therefore, oxidative stress together with aberrant expression levels of detoxification genes and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may be associated with clinical outcome. Using total RNA extracted from epithelial nasal cells, the present study analyzed the expression levels of oxidative stress genes and one miRNA using quantitative PCR in a representative number of patients with CF compared with in healthy individuals. The present pilot study revealed the existence of an association among CFTR, genes involved in the oxidative stress response and miR-125b. The observed downregulation of CFTR gene expression was accompanied by increased expression levels of Nuclear factor erythroid derived-2 like2 and its targets NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase 1. Moreover, the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and miR-125b were positively correlated with a forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) >60% in patients with CF with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection (r=0.74; P<0.001 and r=0.57; P<0.001, respectively). The present study revealed the activation of an inducible, but not fully functional, oxidative stress response to protect airway cells against reactive oxygen species-dependent injury in CF disease. Additionally, the correlations of HO-1 and miR-125b expression with an improved FEV1 value suggested that these factors may synergistically protect the airway cells from oxidative stress damage, inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, HO-1 and miR-125b may be used as prognostic markers explaining the wide CF phenotypic variability as an additional control level over the CFTR gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pelullo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Savi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Quattrucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cimino
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
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6
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Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rare Respiratory Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061268. [PMID: 33803835 PMCID: PMC8003245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that some rare respiratory diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) present oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Their involvement in these pathologies and the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents to minimize the effects of OS are discussed in this review.
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Checa J, Aran JM. Airway Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Gone Awry: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9317. [PMID: 33297418 PMCID: PMC7731288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions. Thus, any major or chronic dysregulation of the redox balance, the air-liquid interface, or defects in epithelial proteins impairing mucociliary clearance or other defense systems may lead to airway damage. Here, we review our understanding of the key role of oxidative stress and inflammation in respiratory pathology, and extensively report current and future trends in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments focusing on the following major acute and chronic lung diseases: acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
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Bernhard W. Choline in cystic fibrosis: relations to pancreas insufficiency, enterohepatic cycle, PEMT and intestinal microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1737-1759. [PMID: 32797252 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder with life-threatening organ manifestations. 87% of CF patients develop exocrine pancreas insufficiency, frequently starting in utero and requiring lifelong pancreatic enzyme substitution. 99% develop progressive lung disease, and 20-60% CF-related liver disease, from mild steatosis to cirrhosis. Characteristically, pancreas, liver and lung are linked by choline metabolism, a critical nutrient in CF. Choline is a tightly regulated tissue component in the form of phosphatidylcholine (Ptd'Cho) and sphingomyelin (SPH) in all membranes and many secretions, particularly of liver (bile, lipoproteins) and lung (surfactant, lipoproteins). Via its downstream metabolites, betaine, dimethylglycine and sarcosine, choline is the major one-carbon donor for methionine regeneration from homocysteine. Methionine is primarily used for essential methylation processes via S-adenosyl-methionine. CLINICAL IMPACT CF patients with exocrine pancreas insufficiency frequently develop choline deficiency, due to loss of bile Ptd'Cho via feces. ~ 50% (11-12 g) of hepatic Ptd'Cho is daily secreted into the duodenum. Its re-uptake requires cleavage to lyso-Ptd'Cho by pancreatic and small intestinal phospholipases requiring alkaline environment. Impaired CFTR-dependent bicarbonate secretion, however, results in low duodenal pH, impaired phospholipase activity, fecal Ptd'Cho loss and choline deficiency. Low plasma choline causes decreased availability for parenchymal Ptd'Cho metabolism, impacting on organ functions. Choline deficiency results in hepatic choline/Ptd'Cho accretion from lung tissue via high density lipoproteins, explaining the link between choline deficiency and lung function. Hepatic Ptd'Cho synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PEMT) partly compensates for choline deficiency, but frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms enhance choline requirement. Additionally, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) frequently causes intraluminal choline degradation in CF patients prior to its absorption. As adequate choline supplementation was clinically effective and adult as well as pediatric CF patients suffer from choline deficiency, choline supplementation in CF patients of all ages should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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Anderson A, Campo A, Fulton E, Corwin A, Jerome WG, O'Connor MS. 7-Ketocholesterol in disease and aging. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101380. [PMID: 31926618 PMCID: PMC6926354 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol (7KC) is a toxic oxysterol that is associated with many diseases and disabilities of aging, as well as several orphan diseases. 7KC is the most common product of a reaction between cholesterol and oxygen radicals and is the most concentrated oxysterol found in the blood and arterial plaques of coronary artery disease patients as well as various other disease tissues and cell types. Unlike cholesterol, 7KC consistently shows cytotoxicity to cells and its physiological function in humans or other complex organisms is unknown. Oxysterols, particularly 7KC, have also been shown to diffuse through membranes where they affect receptor and enzymatic function. Here, we will explore the known and proposed mechanisms of pathologies that are associated with 7KC, as well speculate about the future of 7KC as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in medicine.
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10
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Pastori D, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Novo M, Cammisotto V, Piconese S, Santulli M, Vasaturo F, Violi F, Pignatelli P. Digoxin and Platelet Activation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: In Vivo and In Vitro Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009509. [PMID: 30571484 PMCID: PMC6404445 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Digoxin use was shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation ( AF ). We hypothesized that digoxin may affect cardiovascular risk by increasing platelet activation. Methods and Results Post hoc analysis of a prospective study of anticoagulated patients with AF . Patients were divided into 2 groups balanced for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors: digoxin users (n=132) and nonusers (n=388). Urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TxB2), a marker of platelet activation, and serum digoxin concentration ( SDC ) were measured. In vitro experiments were performed on platelets from healthy subjects and AF patients, which were incubated with scalar doses of digoxin (0.6-2.4 ng/mL) with or without prestimulation with a sub-threshold of collagen. Median 11-dehydro-TxB2 was 105.0 ( interquartile range, 60.0-190.0) ng/mg creatinine, and median SDC was 0.65 ( interquartile range, 0.40-1.00) ng/mL. Urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 and SDC were correlated ( rs=0.350, P<0.001). Patients in the upper tertile of SDC showed higher 11-dehydro-TxB2 compared with non-digoxin users ( P=0.019). In vitro study showed an increased basal platelet activation in patients with AF compared with healthy subjects . Digoxin (2.4 ng/mL) induced calcium mobilization, PAC -1 (procaspase-activating compound 1) and platelet aggregation in AF patients but not in healthy subjects . After pretreatment with a sub-threshold of collagen, digoxin dose-dependent induced calcium mobilization, arachidonic acid release, TxB2 biosynthesis, PAC -1 and soluble platelet selectin expression, and platelet aggregation, which were inhibited by antibody against digoxin. Conclusions We found a significant in vivo correlation between SDC and platelet activation. Supratherapeutic SDC increased in vitro platelet aggregation via calcium-related phospholipase A2 phosphorylation. Our findings may have clinical implications for AF patients treated with digoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- 2 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Latina Italy
| | | | - Simona Bartimoccia
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Marta Novo
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Maria Santulli
- 4 Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Fortunata Vasaturo
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- 1 I Clinica Medica Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties Sapienza University of Rome Italy
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Muhlebach MS, Sha W, MacIntosh B, Kelley TJ, Muenzer J. Metabonomics reveals altered metabolites related to inflammation and energy utilization at recovery of cystic fibrosis lung exacerbation. Metabol Open 2019; 3:100010. [PMID: 32812947 PMCID: PMC7424819 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial infections in the setting of mucus abnormalities. Patients experience periodic exacerbations that manifest with increased respiratory symptoms that require intensification of therapy with enhanced airway clearance and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Objectives In an observational study we tested if the profile of metabolites in serum distinguished the pre-from post-exacerbation state and which systemically measurable pathways were affected during the process to recovery. Methods Serum collected within 48 h of start and completion, respectively of IV antibiotics was collected from people with CF ages 6–30 years. Three day food records were collected prior to each sample. To reduce variation between subjects only subjects who had pancreatic insufficiency, had similar CF mutations, and did not have CF liver disease or diabetes were included. Metabolomic profiling was conducted by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy with metabolites being identified based on retention time/index, mass to charge ratio and comparison to known compounds. Biostatistical analyses used paired t-test with correction for multiple comparisons and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Results Thirty subjects (20 male) with a mean ± SEM age of 15.3 ± 1.2 years participated, 17 of whom had matched food-records. Lung function was significantly improved post-therapy compared to pre-therapy, (mean ± SEM) 75 ± 4% vs. 68 ± 4% predicted (n = 26). Serum metabonomics showed distinction of the pre-vs. post-therapy groups with 123 compounds contributing to the differentiation pre-versus post-antibiotics by multiple biostatistical analyses. Compounds and pathways affected included bile acids and microbial derived amino acid metabolites, increases in lipid classes of the glycerophospholipid, glycerolipids, cholesterol, phopsholipids, and most pronounced, the class of sphingolipids. Changes in n6/n3 fatty acids, decreased polyamines but increased metabolites in the nitric oxide pathway, and changes in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway indicated decreased inflammation at resolution of exacerbation. Conclusions Changes in serum metabolites that distinguished CF pulmonary exacerbation vs. resolution of symptoms showed evidence of decreased inflammation and improvement from a catabolic state. Serum metabonomics distinguishes cystic fibrosis exacerbation to resolution state. Distinguishing pathways indicate alterations in (gut) microbiome and bile acids. Serum metabolites at resolution show decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Lipid markers indicate improvement from a catabolic state at exacerbation.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonate
- ARG, arginase
- BA, bile acids
- BHBA, 3-hydroxybutyrate
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DHA, docosahexaenoate
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1st second
- IDO, indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase
- IV, intravenous
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- ODC, ornithine decarboxylase
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis
- QC, quality control
- RI, retention time/index
- UNC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- UPLC, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy
- VIP, variable influence on projection score
- n3-DPA, docosapentaenoate
- q, significance at a 5% FDR cut-off
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Muhlebach
- Dept. Pediatrics, Division Pulmonary Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 MacNider, 330 S. Columbia Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7217, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 150 Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, NC, USA
| | - Beth MacIntosh
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Core, UNC Healthcare, Nutrition and Food Services Department, 102 Mason Farm Rd, CB#7777, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics/Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 833 BRB, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Muenzer
- Dept. Pediatrics, Division Metabolism and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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12
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Dhingra A, Bell BA, Peachey NS, Daniele LL, Reyes-Reveles J, Sharp RC, Jun B, Bazan NG, Sparrow JR, Kim HJ, Philp NJ, Boesze-Battaglia K. Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3B, (LC3B) Is Necessary to Maintain Lipid-Mediated Homeostasis in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:351. [PMID: 30349463 PMCID: PMC6186781 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other neurons, retinal cells utilize autophagic pathways to maintain cell homeostasis. The mammalian retina relies on heterophagy and selective autophagy to efficiently degrade and metabolize ingested lipids with disruption in autophagy associated degradation contributing to age related retinal disorders. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports photoreceptor cell renewal by daily phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (OS). The daily ingestion of these lipid-rich OS imposes a constant degradative burden on these terminally differentiated cells. These cells rely on Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 (LC3) family of proteins for phagocytic clearance of the ingested OS. The LC3 family comprises of three highly homologous members, MAP1LC3A (LC3A), MAP1LC3B (LC3B), and MAP1LC3C (LC3C). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the LC3B isoform plays a specific role in maintaining RPE lipid homeostasis. We examined the RPE and retina of the LC3B-/- mouse as a function of age using in vivo ocular imaging and electroretinography coupled with ex vivo, lipidomic analyses of lipid mediators, assessment of bisretinoids as well as imaging of lipid aggregates. Deletion of LC3B resulted in defects within the RPE including increased phagosome accumulation, decreased fatty acid oxidation and a subsequent increase in RPE and sub-RPE lipid deposits. Age-dependent RPE changes included elevated levels of oxidized cholesterol, deposition of 4-HNE lipid peroxidation products, bisretinoid lipofuscin accumulation, and subretinal migration of microglia, collectively likely contributing to loss of retinal function. These observations are consistent with a critical role for LC3B-dependent processes in the maintenance of normal lipid homeostasis in the aging RPE, and suggest that LC3 isoform specific disruption in autophagic processes contribute to AMD-like pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brent A Bell
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Neal S Peachey
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lauren L Daniele
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Juan Reyes-Reveles
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel C Sharp
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nancy J Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Zarrouk A, Ben Salem Y, Hafsa J, Sghaier R, Charfeddine B, Limem K, Hammami M, Majdoub H. 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and fatty acid metabolism dysfunctions attenuated with sea urchin egg oil. Biochimie 2018; 153:210-219. [PMID: 30003930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some oxysterols resulting either from enzymatic oxidation or autoxidation of cholesterol are associated with age-related diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Among these oxysterols, 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) is often found at increased levels in patients. It is therefore important to identify molecules or mixtures of molecules to prevent 7β-OHC-induced side effects. Consequently, murine oligodendrocytes (158N) were cultured in the absence or presence of 7β-OHC (20 μg/mL, 24 h) with or without a natural oil extracted from sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) eggs known for its biological activity. Firstly, the chemical composition of this oil was determined using 31P NMR and GC-MS. Secondly, this oil was used to reduce 7β-OHC-induced side effects. To this end, the oil (160 μg/mL) was added to the culture medium of 158N cells 2 h before 7β-OHC. The effects of 7β-OHC with or without the oil on cell viability were studied with the MTT test. Photometric methods were used to analyze antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the generation of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CDs)) and protein oxidation product (carbonylated proteins (CPs)). Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid profile. With 7β-OHC, an induction of cell death associated with oxidative stress (alteration of GPx and SOD activities) was observed; an overproduction of lipid peroxidation products (MDA and CDs) and CPs was also revealed. Sea urchin egg oil attenuated 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxicity: 7β-OHC-induced cell death was reduced, GPx and SOD activities were normalized, and lower levels of MDA, CDs and CPs were produced. In addition, whereas a disturbed fatty acid profile was observed with 7β-OHC, similar fatty acid profiles were found in control cells and in cells cultured with 7β-OHC associated with sea urchin egg oil. These data demonstrate the protective activities of sea urchin egg oil against 7β-OHC-induced side effects on 158N cells, supporting the concept that this oil may have benefits in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Zarrouk
- University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health, Monastir, Tunisia; University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Yosra Ben Salem
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Hafsa
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Randa Sghaier
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Tunisia; Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270, Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, INSERM, Dijon, Tunisia
| | | | - Khalifa Limem
- University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et des Matériaux Avancés (LIMA), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Cangemi R, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Calvieri C, Cammisotto V, Novo M, Castellani V, D'Amico A, Zerbinati C, Stefanini L, Violi F. Glucocorticoids impair platelet thromboxane biosynthesis in community-acquired pneumonia. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:66-74. [PMID: 29577968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with an enhanced risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and that enhanced platelet activation may play a role. Aims of this study were to investigate if urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane (Tx) B2, a reliable marker of platelet activation in vivo, was elevated in CAP and whether glucocorticoid administration reduced platelet activation. Three-hundred patients hospitalized for CAP were recruited and followed-up until discharge. Within the first 2 days from admission, urinary 11-dehydro-TxB2 and serum levels of methylprednisolone and betamethasone were measured. 11-Dehydro-TxB2 was also measured in a control group of 150 outpatients, matched for age, sex, and comorbidities. Finally, in-vitro studies were performed to assess if glucocorticoids affected platelet activation, at the same range of concentration found in the peripheral circulation of CAP patients treated with glucocorticoids. Compared to controls, CAP patients showed significantly higher levels of 11-dehydro-TxB2 (110 [69-151] vs. 163 [130-225] pg/mg creatinine; p < 0.001). During the in-hospital stay, 31 patients experienced MI (10%). A COX regression analysis showed that 11-dehydro-TxB2 independently predicted MI (p = .005). CAP patients treated with glucocorticoids showed significantly lower levels of 11-dehydro-TxB2 compared to untreated ones (147 [120-201] vs. 176 [143-250] pg/mg creatinine; p < 0.001). In vitro, glucocorticoids-treated platelets showed a dose-dependent decrease of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, TxB2 production, cPLA2 phosphorylation and arachidonic acid release from the platelet membrane. In conclusion, platelet TxB2 is overproduced in CAP patients and may be implicated in MI occurrence. Glucocorticoids reduce platelet release of TxB2 in vitro and urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TxB2 in vivo and may be a novel tool to decrease platelet activation in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Camilla Calvieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Lucia Stefanini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Leoni V, Nury T, Vejux A, Zarrouk A, Caccia C, Debbabi M, Fromont A, Sghaier R, Moreau T, Lizard G. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in 7-ketocholesterol-treated 158N oligodendrocytes without or with α-tocopherol: Impacts on the cellular profil of tricarboxylic cycle-associated organic acids, long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, oxysterols, cholesterol and cholesterol precursors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:96-110. [PMID: 27020660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) a process of white matter degradation leading to demyelination is observed. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis and/or autophagy result together into a progressive loss of oligodendrocytes. 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), found increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, triggers a rupture of RedOx homeostasis associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, aptoptosis and autophagy (oxiapoptophagy) in cultured murine oligodendrocytes (158N). α-tocopherol is able to mild the alterations induced by 7KC partially restoring the cellular homeostasis. In presence of 7KC, the amount of adherent 158N cells was decreased and oxidative stress was enhanced. An increase of caspase-3 and PARP degradation (evidences of apoptosis), and an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (criterion of autophagy), were detected. These events were associated with a decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and by a decrease of oxidative phosphorylation revealed by reduced NAD+ and ATP. The cellular lactate was higher while pyruvate, citrate, fumarate, succinate (tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates) were significantly reduced in exposed cells, suggesting that an impairment of mitochondrial respiratory functions could lead to an increase of lactate production and to a reduced amount of ATP and acetyl-CoA available for the anabolic pathways. The concentration of sterol precursors lathosterol, lanosterol and desmosterol were significantly reduced together with satured and unsatured long chain fatty acids (C16:0 - C18:0, structural elements of membrane phospholipids). Such reductions were milder with α-tocopherol. It is likely that the cell death induced by 7KC is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, including alterations of oxidative phosphorylation, which could result from lipid anabolism dysfunctions, especially on TCA cycle intermediates. A better knowledge of mitochondrial associated dysfunctions triggered by 7KC will contribute to bring new information on the demyelination processes which are linked with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, especially in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Thomas Nury
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, & Univ. Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Meryam Debbabi
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, & Univ. Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Agnès Fromont
- Department of Neurology, Univ. Hospital/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, & Univ. Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, Univ. Hospital/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France.
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16
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Galli F, Azzi A, Birringer M, Cook-Mills JM, Eggersdorfer M, Frank J, Cruciani G, Lorkowski S, Özer NK. Vitamin E: Emerging aspects and new directions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:16-36. [PMID: 27816611 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin E will have its 100th anniversary in 2022, but we still have more questions than answers regarding the biological functions and the essentiality of vitamin E for human health. Discovered as a factor essential for rat fertility and soon after characterized for its properties of fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E was identified to have signaling and gene regulation effects in the 1980s. In the same years the cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolism of vitamin E was characterized and a first series of studies on short-chain carboxyethyl metabolites in the 1990s paved the way to the hypothesis of a biological role for this metabolism alternative to vitamin E catabolism. In the last decade other physiological metabolites of vitamin E have been identified, such as α-tocopheryl phosphate and the long-chain metabolites formed by the ω-hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P-450. Recent findings are consistent with gene regulation and homeostatic roles of these metabolites in different experimental models, such as inflammatory, neuronal and hepatic cells, and in vivo in animal models of acute inflammation. Molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are under investigation in several laboratories and side-glances to research on other fat soluble vitamins may help to move faster in this direction. Other emerging aspects presented in this review paper include novel insights on the mechanisms of reduction of the cardiovascular risk, immunomodulation and antiallergic effects, neuroprotection properties in models of glutamate excitotoxicity and spino-cerebellar damage, hepatoprotection and prevention of liver toxicity by different causes and even therapeutic applications in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We here discuss these topics with the aim of stimulating the interest of the scientific community and further research activities that may help to celebrate this anniversary of vitamin E with an in-depth knowledge of its action as vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angelo Azzi
- USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | | | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nesrin Kartal Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Zerbinati C, Caponecchia L, Rago R, Leoncini E, Bottaccioli AG, Ciacciarelli M, Pacelli A, Salacone P, Sebastianelli A, Pastore A, Palleschi G, Boccia S, Carbone A, Iuliano L. Fatty acids profiling reveals potential candidate markers of semen quality. Andrology 2016; 4:1094-1101. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Zerbinati
- Vascular Biology & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Latina Italy
| | - L. Caponecchia
- Center for Couple Infertility and Andrology; S. M. Goretti Hospital; Latina Italy
| | - R. Rago
- Pathophysiology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit; S. Pertini Hospital; Rome Italy
| | - E. Leoncini
- Section of Hygiene; Institute of Public Health; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - A. G. Bottaccioli
- Vascular Biology & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Latina Italy
| | - M. Ciacciarelli
- Vascular Biology & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Latina Italy
| | - A. Pacelli
- Vascular Biology & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Latina Italy
| | - P. Salacone
- Center for Couple Infertility and Andrology; S. M. Goretti Hospital; Latina Italy
| | - A. Sebastianelli
- Center for Couple Infertility and Andrology; S. M. Goretti Hospital; Latina Italy
| | - A. Pastore
- Urology Unit; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico alaumatologico; Latina Italy
| | - G. Palleschi
- Urology Unit; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico alaumatologico; Latina Italy
| | - S. Boccia
- Section of Hygiene; Institute of Public Health; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Rome Italy
| | - A. Carbone
- Urology Unit; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico alaumatologico; Latina Italy
| | - L. Iuliano
- Vascular Biology & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Latina Italy
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18
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Kreilaus F, Spiro AS, Hannan AJ, Garner B, Jenner AM. Brain Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism is Progressively Disturbed in the R6/1 Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease: A Targeted GC-MS/MS Sterol Analysis. J Huntingtons Dis 2015; 4:305-18. [DOI: 10.3233/jhd-150170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kreilaus
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adena S. Spiro
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkvillie, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Jenner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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19
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Muhlebach MS, Sha W. Lessons learned from metabolomics in cystic fibrosis. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015; 2:9. [PMID: 26542299 PMCID: PMC4883209 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-015-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a mono-genetic multi-system disease; however, respiratory manifestations cause the main morbidity and mortality where chronic bacterial infections lead to bronchiectasis and ultimately respiratory failure. Metabolomics allows a relatively complete snapshot of metabolic processes in a sample using different mass spectrometry methods. Sample types used for discovery of biomarkers or pathomechanisms in cystic fibrosis (CF) have included blood, respiratory secretions, and exhaled breath to date. Metabolomics has shown distinction of CF vs. non-CF for matrices of blood, exhaled breath, and respiratory epithelial cultures, each showing different pathways. Severity of lung disease has been addressed by studies in bronchoalveolar lavage and exhaled breath condensate showing separation by metabolites that the authors of each study related to inflammation; e.g., ethanol, acetone, purines. Lipidomics has been applied to blood and sputum samples showing associations with lung function and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection status. Finally, studies of bacteria grown in vitro showed differences of bacterial metabolites to be associated with clinical parameters. Metabolomics, in the sense of global metabolomic profiling, is a powerful technique that has allowed discovery of pathways that had not previously been implicated in CF. These may include purines, mitochondrial pathways, and different aspects of glucose metabolism besides the known differences in lipid metabolism in CF. However, targeted studies to validate such potential metabolites and pathways of interest are necessary. Studies evaluating metabolites of bacterial origin are in their early stages. Thus further well-designed studies could be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Muhlebach
- Department Pediatrics, Division Pulmonology, UNC Chapel Hill 430 MacNider, CB 7217, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7217, USA.
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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Kreilaus F, Spiro AS, McLean CA, Garner B, Jenner AM. Evidence for altered cholesterol metabolism in Huntington's disease post mortem brain tissue. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 42:535-46. [PMID: 26373857 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cholesterol plays an essential role in membrane structure and function, being especially important in the brain. Alteration of brain cholesterol synthesis and metabolism has been demonstrated in several Huntington's disease (HD) mouse and cell models; however, less is known about these alterations in human tissue. This study aimed to identify alterations to cholesterol synthetic and metabolic pathways in human HD brain tissue. METHODS A broad range of cholesterol synthetic precursors, metabolites and oxidation products were measured by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in five regions of human post mortem HD brain and compared with age- and sex-matched control tissues. The level of enzymes that regulate cholesterol homeostasis, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase and delta(24)-sterol reductase were investigated by Western blotting and qPCR in putamen. RESULTS The most significant changes were localized to the putamen, where a 60% decrease in 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 30% increase in cholesterol and 100-200% increase in synthetic precursors (lathosterol, zymosterol and desmosterol) was detected. The enzymes cholesterol 24-hydroxylase and delta(24)-sterol reductase were also significantly decreased in HD putamen as compared with control tissues. Free radical-generated cholesterol oxidation products 7-keto cholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol were also increased by 50-70% in HD putamen. CONCLUSION Human HD brain has significantly decreased cholesterol metabolism and disrupted cholesterol homeostasis. Our data also indicate that lipid oxidative stress accompanies HD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kreilaus
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Adena S Spiro
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Andrew M Jenner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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Tremblay-Franco M, Zerbinati C, Pacelli A, Palmaccio G, Lubrano C, Ducheix S, Guillou H, Iuliano L. Effect of obesity and metabolic syndrome on plasma oxysterols and fatty acids in human. Steroids 2015; 99:287-92. [PMID: 25896943 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and the related entity metabolic syndrome are characterized by altered lipid metabolism and associated with increased morbidity risk for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Oxysterols belong to a large family of cholesterol-derived molecules known to play crucial role in many signaling pathways underlying several diseases. Little is known on the potential effect of obesity and metabolic syndrome on oxysterols in human. OBJECTIVES In this work, we questioned whether circulating oxysterols might be significantly altered in obese patients and in patients with metabolic syndrome. We also tested the potential correlation between circulating oxysterols and fatty acids. METHODS 60 obese patients and 75 patients with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the study along with 210 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, used as control group. Plasma oxysterols were analyzed by isotope dilution GC/MS, and plasma fatty acids profiling was assessed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection. RESULTS We found considerable differences in oxysterols profiling in the two disease groups that were gender-related. Compared to controls, males showed significant differences only in 4α- and 4β-hydroxycholesterol levels in obese and metabolic syndrome patients. In contrast, females showed consistent differences in 7-oxocholesterol, 4α-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and triol. Concerning fatty acids, we found minor differences in the levels of these variables in males of the three groups. Significant changes were observed in plasma fatty acid profile of female patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome. We found significant correlations between various oxysterols and fatty acids. In particular, 4β-hydroxycholesterol, which is reduced in obesity and metabolic syndrome, correlated with a number of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids that are end-products of de novo lipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence that obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with major, gender-specific, changes in circulating oxysterols and fatty acids. These findings suggest a metabolic link between oxysterols and fatty acids, and that oxysterols may contribute to the epidemic diseases associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in female.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pacelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Palmaccio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Ducheix
- INRA, ToxAlim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA, ToxAlim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
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22
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Zerbinati C, Galli F, Regolanti R, Poli G, Iuliano L. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry microanalysis of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in plasma and whole blood. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 446:156-62. [PMID: 25916693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing vitamin E status in humans is critical for nutritional evaluation and verification of clinical and biological compliance of supplemented subjects. An accurate analytical method for measuring the two main vitamin E isoforms, i.e. α- and γ-tocopherol (α- and γ-TOH) in small volumes of plasma can facilitate the application of this analysis to clinical trials and in situations where a limited amount of sample is available. METHODS We have developed a micro method, which uses only 5 μL plasma, based on isotope dilution, trimethylsilation and GC-MS. The method was validated according to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization of analytical procedures. The method was also applied to 5 μL of whole blood for the potential use in conditions were the availability of specimens is limited. RESULTS Accurate quantitation of α-TOH and γ-TOH was achieved at levels ≥ 0.417 μM and ≥ 0.007 μM, respectively. Within-day coefficient of variation was 1.31% and 4.70% for α-TOH and γ-TOH, respectively. Between-day coefficient of variation was 1.32% and 2.88% for α-TOH and γ-TOH, respectively. Recovery, assessed at three concentration levels, ranged 98-103% and 100-102% for α-TOH and γ-TOH, respectively. The method allowed the detection of α-TOH and γ-TOH in 5 μL whole blood and in membranes of red blood cells washed from 5 μL of blood as well. The analytical performance was assessed in plasma from a cohort of Italian healthy subjects (n = 205). The mean plasma concentrations were 28.01 ± 6.31 and 0.68 ± 0.48 μM (mean ± SD) for α-TOH and γ-TOH, respectively. Alpha-TOH correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.617, p < 0.0001) and triglycerides (r = 0.420, p < 0.0001) while γ-TOH correlated modestly with total cholesterol (r = 0.213, p < 0.0001) but not with triglycerides. γ-TOH, but not α-TOH, was significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (0.72 ± 0.50 vs. 0.56 ± 0.37, μM, mean ± SD, p = 0.017). Given the high sensitivity, the method allowed to be applied to 5 μM whole blood without specific modification. CONCLUSIONS This micro-method represents an analytical advancement in α- and γ-TOH assay that is available to accurately verify the nutritional status and compliance after supplementation in large-scale settings, and to measure the two vitamers in conditions where sample availability is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - F Galli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Regolanti
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - G Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - L Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in the Caucasian people. It is due to the mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene located on the long arm of the chromosome 7, which encodes for CFTR protein. The latter, an adenosine triphosphate binding cassette, is a transmembrane chloride channel that is also involved in glutathione transport. As glutathione/glutathione disulfide constitutes the most important pool of cellular redox systems, CFTR defects could thus disrupt the intracellular redox balance. Resulting multisystemic diseases are essentially characterized by a chronic respiratory failure, a pancreatic insufficiency, an essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), and inadequate levels of antioxidant vitamins. RECENT ADVANCES The pathophysiology of CF is complex; however, several mechanisms are proposed, including oxidative stress (OxS) whose implication is recognized and has been clearly demonstrated in CF airways. CRITICAL ISSUES Little is known about OxS intrinsic triggers and its own involvement in intestinal lipid disorders. Despite the regular administration of pancreatic supplements, high-fat high-calorie diets, and antioxidant fat-soluble vitamins, there is a persistence of steatorrhea, EFAD, and harmful OxS. Intriguingly, several trials with elevated doses of antioxidant vitamins have not yielded significant improvements. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The main sources and self-maintenance of OxS in CF should be clarified to improve treatment of patients. Therefore, this review will discuss the potential sources and study the mechanisms of OxS in the intestine, known to develop various complications, and its involvement in intestinal lipid disorders in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Kleme
- 1 Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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25
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Joseloff E, Sha W, Bell SC, Wetmore DR, Lawton KA, Milburn MV, Ryals JA, Guo L, Muhlebach MS. Serum metabolomics indicate altered cellular energy metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:463-72. [PMID: 23847148 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system disease affecting multiple organs and cells besides the respiratory system. Metabolomic profiling allows simultaneous detection of biochemicals originating from cells, organs, or exogenous origin that may be valuable for monitoring of disease severity or in diagnosis. AIM We hypothesized that metabolomics using serum from children would differentiate CF from non-CF lung disease subjects and would provide insight into metabolism in CF. METHODS Serum collected from children with CF (n = 31) and 31 age and gender matched children with other lung diseases was used for metabolomic profiling by gas- and liquid-chromatography. Relative concentration of metabolites was compared between the groups using partial least square discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) and linear modeling. RESULTS A clear separation of the two groups was seen in PLS-DA. Linear model found that among the 459 detected metabolites 92 differed between CF and non-CF. These included known biochemicals in lipid metabolism, oxidants, and markers consistent with abnormalities in bile acid processing. Bacterial metabolites were identified and differed between the groups indicating intestinal dysbiosis in CF. As a novel finding several pathways were markedly different in CF, which jointly point towards decreased activity in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. These pathways include low ketone bodies, low medium chain carnitines, elevated di-carboxylic acids and decreased 2-hydroxybutyrate from amino acid metabolism in CF compared to non-CF. CONCLUSION Serum metabolomics discriminated CF from non-CF and show altered cellular energy metabolism in CF potentially reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies are indicated to examine their relation to the underlying CF defect and their use as biomarkers for disease severity or for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) function in an era of CFTR modifying drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Joseloff
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics (CFFT), Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
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26
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Murdolo G, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Piroddi M, Iuliano L, Galli F. Lipokines and oxysterols: novel adipose-derived lipid hormones linking adipose dysfunction and insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:811-820. [PMID: 23954331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of adipose tissue (AT) is, by definition, a hallmark of obesity. However, not all increases in fat mass are associated with pathophysiological cues. Indeed, whereas a "healthy" fat mass accrual, mainly in the subcutaneous depots, preserves metabolic homeostasis, explaining the occurrence of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype, "unhealthy" AT expansion is importantly associated with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The development of a dysfunctional adipose organ may find mechanistic explanation in a reduced ability to recruit new and functional (pre)adipocytes from undifferentiated precursor cells. Such a failure of the adipogenic process underlies the "AT expandability" paradigm. The inability of AT to expand further to store excess nutrients, rather than obesity per se, induces a diabetogenic milieu by promoting the overflow and the ectopic deposition of fatty acids in insulin-dependent organs (i.e., lipotoxicity), the secretion of various metabolically detrimental adipose-derived hormones (i.e., adipokines and lipokines), and the occurrence of local and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Hitherto, fatty acids (i.e., lipokines) and the oxidation by-products of cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as nonenzymatic oxysterols and reactive aldehyde species, respectively, emerge as key modulators of (pre)adipocyte signaling through Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK pathways and potential regulators of glucose homeostasis. These and other mechanistic insights linking adipose dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impairment of glucose homeostasis are discussed in this review article, which focuses on adipose peroxidation as a potential instigator of, and a putative therapeutic target for, obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assisi Hospital, I-06081 Assisi, Perugia, Italy; Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine, and Metabolic Sciences, Italy.
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Piroddi
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Unit of Vascular Medicine, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
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27
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Hur SJ, Min B, Nam KC, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Effect of dietary cholesterol and cholesterol oxides on blood cholesterol, lipids, and the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12593-606. [PMID: 23774834 PMCID: PMC3709802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol oxides (COPs) on the development of atherosclerosis and the changes in fatty acid and blood characteristics in rabbits. In the first study, forty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 5 groups and fed commercial rabbit chow with no added CHO or COPs, 1 g CHO, 0.9 g CHO + 0.1 g COPs, 0.8 g CHO + 0.2 g COPs, or 0.5 g CHO + 0.5 g COPs per kg diet. In the second study, 24 male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups and fed a diet containing 2 g CHO, 1.6 g CHO + 0.4 g COPs, or 1.2 g CHO + 0.8 g COPs per kg diet. All diets induced atherosclerotic lesions in the rabbits' ascending thoracic aorta. The serum CHO and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05) increased significantly with the increased levels of CHO in the diets. Dietary CHO or COPs did not influence high-density lipoprotein CHO levels. The ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid increased as the level of dietary CHO and COPs increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Byungrok Min
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Science, University Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +1-515-294-6595; Fax: +1-515-294-9143
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Alicandro G, Faelli N, Gagliardini R, Santini B, Magazzù G, Biffi A, Risé P, Galli C, Tirelli AS, Loi S, Valmarana L, Cirilli N, Palmas T, Vieni G, Bianchi ML, Agostoni C, Colombo C. A randomized placebo-controlled study on high-dose oral algal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:163-9. [PMID: 23266209 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are reported in unsupplemented cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Forty-one CF patients aged from 6 to 12 years were randomized to receive high-dose DHA (100 mg/kg/day in the first month and 1g per day thereafter through a 12-month supplementation) or placebo (germ oil). Primary outcome was percentage change in plasma AA:DHA ratio. Secondary outcomes were changes in the number of pulmonary exacerbations compared to previous year, lung function, BMI, skinfold thicknesses, and body composition assessed by DXA and in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, cytokines and vitamin (α-tocopherol and retinol). Compared to the control group plasma AA:DHA ratio decreased in the intervention group after 6 months (median percentage changes: -73% in the intervention group vs. -10% in the control group, P=0.001). No differences were detected between groups for secondary outcomes. Despite a decrease of the AA/DHA ratio, DHA supplementation for one year did not induce any significant biochemical and clinical improvement in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alicandro
- Centro Fibrosi Cistica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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29
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Eiserich JP, Yang J, Morrissey BM, Hammock BD, Cross CE. Omics approaches in cystic fibrosis research: a focus on oxylipin profiling in airway secretions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1259:1-9. [PMID: 22758630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, intense respiratory tract (RT) infection, and inflammation, eventually resulting in lung tissue destruction and respiratory failure. The CF RT inflammatory milieu, as reflected by airway secretions, includes a complex array of inflammatory mediators, bacterial products, and host secretions. It is dominated by neutrophils and their proteolytic and oxidative products and includes a wide spectrum of bioactive lipids produced by both host and presumably microbial metabolic pathways. The fairly recent advent of "omics" technologies has greatly increased capabilities of further interrogating this easily obtainable RT compartment that represents the apical culture media of the underlying RT epithelial cells. This paper discusses issues related to the study of CF omics with a focus on the profiling of CF RT oxylipins. Challenges in their identification/quantitation in RT fluids, their pathways of origin, and their potential utility for understanding CF RT inflammatory and oxidative processes are highlighted. Finally, the utility of oxylipin metabolic profiling in directing optimal therapeutic approaches and determining the efficacy of various interventions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Eiserich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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30
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Yang J, Eiserich JP, Cross CE, Morrissey BM, Hammock BD. Metabolomic profiling of regulatory lipid mediators in sputum from adult cystic fibrosis patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:160-71. [PMID: 22580336 PMCID: PMC3412514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Retained respiratory tract (RT) secretions, infection, and exuberant inflammatory responses are core abnormalities in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Factors contributing to the destructive CF airway inflammatory processes remain incompletely characterized. The pro-oxidative inflammatory CF RT milieu is known to contain enzymatically and nonenzymatically produced regulatory lipid mediators, a panel of structurally defined oxidized metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids known to play a role in pathology related to inflammation. Using an extraction protocol that maximizes recoveries of sputum-spiked deuterated standards, coupled with an LC/MS/MS detection system, this study presents a metabolomic method to assess a broad spectrum of regulatory lipid mediators in freshly obtained sputum from CF patients. A broad range of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators was detected, including PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, LTB4, 6-trans-LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4, 20-COOH-LTB4, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE, 12-HETE, 8-HETE, 9-HETE, 5-HETE, EpETrEs, diols, resolvin E1, 15-deoxy-PGJ2, and LXA4. The vast majority of these oxylipins have not been reported previously in CF RT secretions. Whereas direct associations of individual proinflammatory lipid mediators with compromised lung function (FEV-1) were observed, the relationships were not robust. However, multiple statistical analyses revealed that the regulatory lipid mediators profile taken in aggregate proved to have a stronger association with lung function in relatively stable outpatient adult CF patients. Our data reveal a relative paucity of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator lipoxin A4 in CF sputum. Patients displaying detectable levels of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator resolvin E1 demonstrated a better lung function compared to those patients with undetectable levels. Our data suggest that comprehensive metabolomic profiling of regulatory lipid mediators in CF sputum should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CF RT inflammatory pathobiology. Further studies are required to determine the extent to which nutritional or pharmacological interventions alter the regulatory lipid mediators profile of the CF RT and the impact of potential modulations of RT regulatory lipid mediators on the clinical progression of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Galli F, Battistoni A, Gambari R, Pompella A, Bragonzi A, Pilolli F, Iuliano L, Piroddi M, Dechecchi MC, Cabrini G. Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:690-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pathways of cholesterol oxidation via non-enzymatic mechanisms. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:457-68. [PMID: 21703250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol has many functions, including those that affect biophysical properties of membranes, and is a precursor to hormone synthesis. These actions are governed by enzymatic pathways that modify the sterol nucleus or the isooctyl tail. The addition of oxygen to the cholesterol backbone produces its derivatives known as oxysterols. In addition to having an enzymatic origin, oxysterols can be formed in the absence of enzymatic catalysis in a pathway usually termed "autoxidation," which has been known for almost a century and observed under various experimental conditions. Autoxidation of cholesterol can occur through reactions initiated by free radical species, such as those arising from the superoxide/hydrogen peroxide/hydroxyl radical system and by non-radical highly reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen, HOCl, and ozone. The susceptibility of cholesterol to non-enzymatic oxidation has raised considerable interest in the function of oxysterols as biological effectors and potential biomarkers for the non-invasive study of oxidative stress in vivo.
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Strandvik B. Fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:121-9. [PMID: 20673710 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite identification twenty years ago of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein defective in cystic fibrosis (CF), research of this monogenetic disease has not provided an explanation for the divergent symptoms, and a treatment breakthrough is still awaited. This review discusses different aspects of disturbances in lipid metabolism seen in CF. These include increased release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cell membrane phospholipids and a low status of linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids. Recent research has explored more complicated lipid associations. Disturbances in annexins and ceramides might act in concert to explain the impact on inflammation and AA release. The connections to CFTR and between the disturbances in essential fatty acid metabolism are reviewed. The metabolic interactions, some of which might be compensating, possibly explain the difficulties in understanding the fatty acid disturbances in relation to different symptoms and their relation to the defective CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit of Public Health Nutrition, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 14157 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mailhot G, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Moreau A, Berthiaume Y, Levy E. CFTR depletion results in changes in fatty acid composition and promotes lipogenesis in intestinal Caco 2/15 cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10446. [PMID: 20463919 PMCID: PMC2864762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal fatty acid composition (FA) in plasma and tissue lipids frequently occurs in homozygous and even in heterozygous carriers of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations. The mechanism(s) underlying these abnormalities remained, however, poorly understood despite the potentially CFTR contributing role. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of CFTR depletion on FA uptake, composition and metabolism using the intestinal Caco-2/15 cell line. shRNA-mediated cftr gene silencing induced qualitative and quantitative modifications in FA composition in differentiated enterocytes as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. With the cftr gene disruption, there was a 1,5 fold increase in the total FA amount, largely attributable to monounsaturated and saturated FA compared to controls. The activity of delta-7 desaturase, estimated by the 16:1(n-7)/16:0, was significantly higher in knockdown cells and consistent with the striking elevation of the n-7 FA family. When incubated with [14C]-oleic acid, CFTR-depleted cells were capable of quick incorporation and export to the medium concomitantly with the high protein expression of L-FABP known to promote intracellular FA trafficking. Accordingly, lipoprotein vehicles (CM, VLDL, LDL and HDL), isolated from CFTR knockdown cells, exhibited higher levels of radiolabeled FA. Moreover, in the presence of [14C]-acetate, knockdown cells exhibited enhanced secretion of newly synthesized phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and free FA, thereby suggesting a stimulation of the lipogenic pathway. Conformably, gene expression of SREBP-1c, a key lipogenic transcription factor, was increased while protein expression of the phosphorylated and inactive form of acetylCoA carboxylase was reduced, confirming lipogenesis induction. Finally, CFTR-depleted cells exhibited lower gene expression of transcription factors (PPARα, LXRα, LXRβ and RXRα). Conclusions/Significance Collectively, our results indicate that CFTR depletion may disrupt FA homeostasis in intestinal cells through alterations in FA uptake and transport combined with stimulation of lipogenesis that occurs by an LXR/RXR-independent mechanism. These findings exclude a contributing role of CFTR in CF-associated fat malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Mailhot
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Institut de Recherches Cliniques and Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)-Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Moreau
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)-Hôtel-Dieu, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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