1
|
Fardet A. Ultra-processing should be understood as a holistic issue, from food matrix, to dietary patterns, food scoring, and food systems. J Food Sci 2024; 89:4563-4573. [PMID: 38829743 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The ultra-processed food (UPF) concept first emerged 15 years ago, and is now studied worldwide in different contexts, for example, human health, food behavior, socio-economic, food consumption, food scoring, and food system sustainability. Briefly, UPFs are defined as containing at least one marker of ultra-processing (MUP). MUPs are (1) cosmetic additives, (2) aromas, (3) some highly processed carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and/or fiber, and (4) drastic processes directly applied to food such as extrusion cooking or puffing. The first three categories of MUPs are on the food packaging in the list of ingredients, and are extracted, then purified, from raw foods or coming from artificial syntheses, leading to a-matrix/a-cellular compounds. Therefore, the core paradigm to define MUP is extreme food matrix degradation, and for UPF, matrix artificialization. Besides, UPFs are more than just junk food, encompassing numerous industrialized foods, falsely presented as healthy, for example, animal-based food analogs, but also organic, vegan, gluten-free, micronutrient-enriched, and/or light foods. In this way, UPFs are "high-quality junk foods." Otherwise, UPF being a holistic and indivisible concept by essence, we propose in this review to analyze ultra-processing at four holistic levels corresponding to four important scientific issues: the food matrix, the dietary pattern, food system, and food scoring. We reached the main conclusion that UPFs should be first studied with a holistic and scientifically based approach, not a reductionist one. Otherwise, we take the risk of performing greenwashing and create still more new health threats at a global level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand & Clermont Auvergne Université, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reguant-Closa A, Pedolin D, Herrmann M, Nemecek T. Review of Diet Quality Indices that can be Applied to the Environmental Assessment of Foods and Diets. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:351-362. [PMID: 38625631 PMCID: PMC11133024 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim was to identify indices of diet quality and health that could be applied to the environmental assessment of foods in order to provide metrics that collectively assess nutritional, health and environmental dimensions. RECENT FINDINGS The review identified five major groups of indices: nutrient-food quantity-based; guideline-based; diversity-based; nutrient quality-based; health-based. Nutrient-food quantity-based and guideline type indices were the most frequently used to evaluate diet quality. Scaled assessment using a nutritional functional unit is the most common integration of diet quality with the environmental analysis of foods. There are fewer indices that measure the heath impacts of foods, but epidemiological dietary risk factors seem a promising approach to integrate diet and health impacts into the environmental assessment of foods. Five groups of nutritional and health indices were identified that can be applied when performing an environmental assessment of foods. This review proposes different methodological insights when doing such assessments to ensure transparency and comparability of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Reguant-Closa
- Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, 191, CH-8046, Reckenholzstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Pedolin
- Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, 191, CH-8046, Reckenholzstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Herrmann
- Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, 191, CH-8046, Reckenholzstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nemecek
- Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, 191, CH-8046, Reckenholzstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hosseini SA, Shayesteh AA, Hashemi SJ, Rahimi Z, Saki N, Bavi Behbahani H, Cheraghian B, Alipour M. The association between healthy eating index-2015 with anthropometric, cardiometabolic and hepatic indices among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:159. [PMID: 38724894 PMCID: PMC11084087 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders are common problems among participants with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between these problems and the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) remains unknown. Although the HEI-2015 originated from American dietary guidelines, its comprehensive evaluation of diet quality provides valuable insights for various populations, including Iranians. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between anthropometric, hepatic, and cardio-metabolic indices with HEI-2015 scores in participants with NAFLD. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, which included adults aged 35 to 70 years between 2016 and 2018. A total of 664 participant with NAFLD (452 females and 212 males) were included in the analysis. The HEI-2015 was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Various indices, including the body shape index (ABSI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), AST/ALT ratio, ALD/NAFLD index, and hepatic steatosis index (HSI), were calculated. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in anthropometric, cardio-metabolic, and hepatic indices across the quartiles of HEI-2015. However, among participants with NAFLD, men had significantly higher AIP and LCI levels, while women had significantly higher BMI, ABSI, VAI, LAP, and CMI levels. Additionally, women with NAFLD exhibited higher AST/ALT and HSI levels but lower ALD/NAFLD levels compared to men with NAFLD. Linear regression analysis among men with NAFLD revealed a significant negative correlation between HEI-2015 score and HSI in both the unadjusted model (β=-0.131, SE = 0.058, p = 0.024) and the adjusted model for energy intake (β=-0.129, SE = 0.058, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated a correlation between lower HEI-2015 scores and an increased risk of steatosis in men with NAFLD. Moreover, our findings highlighted gender-related differences in NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bavi Behbahani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dicken SJ, Batterham RL. Ultra-processed Food and Obesity: What Is the Evidence? Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:23-38. [PMID: 38294671 PMCID: PMC10924027 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a growing global healthcare concern. A proposed driver is the recent increase in ultra-processed food (UPF) intake. However, disagreement surrounds the concept of UPF, the strength of evidence, and suggested mechanisms. Therefore, this review aimed to critically appraise the evidence on UPF and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Observational studies demonstrate positive associations between UPF intake, weight gain, and overweight/obesity, more clearly in adults than children/adolescents. This is supported by high-quality clinical data. Several mechanisms are proposed, but current understanding is inconclusive. Greater UPF consumption has been a key driver of obesity. There is a need to change the obesogenic environment to support individuals to reduce their UPF intake. The UPF concept is a novel approach that is not explained with existing nutrient- and food-based frameworks. Critical analysis of methodologies provides confidence, but future observational and experimental research outputs with greater methodological rigor will strengthen findings, which are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Dicken
- Centre for Obesity Research, Department of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, Department of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
- Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, University College London Hospital (UCLH), London, NW1 2BU, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital (UCLH), London, W1T 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Matteis C, Crudele L, Gadaleta RM, Di Buduo E, Novielli F, Petruzzelli S, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Characterizes Metabolic Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:630. [PMID: 38474758 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most relevant causes of death globally, frequently associated with poor dietary patterns. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) contributes to cancer prevention. To assess adherence to MedDiet, our research group validated a new score, the Chrono Med Diet Score (CMDS), that captures increased visceral adiposity. Methods. We enrolled 401 subjects who underwent an evaluation for metabolic diseases and specific screening procedures according to current guidelines and were asked to answer CMDS. A total of 71 new cancer cases were recorded, including 40 GI and 31 non-gastrointestinal (NON-GI) cancers. Results. We found that CMDS was reduced in subjects who were diagnosed with cancers. Patients who reported a CMDS score of 12 or less had an over three times increased risk of being diagnosed with GI cancers and presented increased waist circumference and triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol compared to adherent subjects. Conclusions. Low CMDS values capture the risk for cancer diagnosis, especially for GI cancers. Thus, CMDS, along with waist circumference, can be considered as a bona fide marker for increased risk of cancer, requiring anticipated screening procedures for the detection of premalignant and early stage GI cancers in patients with low adherence to MedDiet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Di Buduo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Novielli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petruzzelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chao C, Liang S, Zhang Z, Gidley MJ, Liu Y, Wang S. New Insight into the Effects of Endogenous Protein and Lipids on the Enzymatic Digestion of Starch in Sorghum Flour. Foods 2024; 13:663. [PMID: 38472778 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of endogenous lipids and protein in sorghum flour on starch digestion were studied following the depletion of lipids and/or protein and after the reconstitution of separated fractions. The removal of protein or lipids moderately increases the digestibility of starch in raw (uncooked) sorghum flour to values close to those for purified starch. Rapid Visco Analyzer data (as a model for the cooking process) show that cooked sorghum flours with lipids have a lower starch digestibility than those without lipids after RVA processing, due to the formation of starch-lipid complexes as evidenced by their higher final viscosity and larger enthalpy changes. Additionally, the formation of a starch-lipid-protein ternary complex was identified in cooked sorghum flour, rather than in a reconstituted ternary mixture, according to the unique cooling stage viscosity peak and a greater enthalpy of lipid complexes. After heating, the sorghum flour showed a lower digestibility than the depleted flours and the reconstituted flours. The results indicate that the natural organization of components in sorghum flour is an important factor in facilitating the interactions between starch, lipids, and protein during RVA processing and, in turn, reducing the starch digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Song Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zheyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business Technology, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anastasiou K, Ribeiro De Melo P, Slater S, Hendrie GA, Hadjikakou M, Baker PK, Lawrence MA. From harmful nutrients to ultra-processed foods: exploring shifts in 'foods to limit' terminology used in national food-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2539-2550. [PMID: 36458692 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The choice of terms used to describe 'foods to limit' (FTL) in food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) can impact public understanding, policy translation and research applicability. The choice of terms in FBDG has been influenced by available science, values, beliefs and historical events. This study aimed to analyse the terms used and definitions given to FTL in FBDG around the world, including changes over time and regional differences. DESIGN A review of terms used to describe FTL and their definitions in all current and past FBDG for adults was conducted, using a search strategy informed by the FAO FBDG website. Data from 148 guidelines (96 countries) were extracted into a pre-defined table and terms were organised by the categories 'nutrient-based', 'food examples' or 'processing-related'. SETTING National FBDG from all world regions. PARTICIPANTS None. RESULTS Nutrient-based terms (e.g. high-fat foods) were the most frequently used type of term in both current and past dietary guidelines (91 %, 85 %, respectively). However, food examples (e.g. cakes) and processing-related terms (e.g. ultra-processed foods) have increased in use over the past 20 years and are now often used in conjunction with nutrient-based terms. Regional differences were only observed for processing-related terms. CONCLUSION Diverse, and often poorly defined, terms are used to describe FTL in FBDG. Policymakers should ensure that FTL terms have clear definitions and can be integrated with other disciplines and understood by consumers. This may facilitate the inclusion of the most contemporary and potentially impactful terminology in nutrition research and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Anastasiou
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | - Patricia Ribeiro De Melo
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | - Scott Slater
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
| | | | - Michalis Hadjikakou
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip K Baker
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mark Andrew Lawrence
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Building J, Holland Ave, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Sapp PA, Gonzalez AM, Marshall TM, Esposito R. Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1279925. [PMID: 37899823 PMCID: PMC10600480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together. Even the term synergy is often applied in different manners depending on the scientific discipline. Considering these issues, the aim of this narrative review is to investigate the potential health benefits of consuming different nutrients and nutrient supplements in combination, a concept we define as nutrient synergy, which has gained considerable attention for its impact on overall well-being. We will examine how nutrient synergy affects major bodily systems, influencing systemic health. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with promoting and conducting research on this topic, while proposing potential solutions to enhance the quality and quantity of scientific literature on nutrient synergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL, United States
| | - Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Firouzabadi FD, Mirzababaei A, Shiraseb F, Tangestani H, Mirzaei K. The interaction between CRY1 Polymorphism and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:172. [PMID: 37580741 PMCID: PMC10424458 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to some studies, diet can be interaction with CRY1 polymorphism and may be related to obesity and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). So, this study examined the interaction between CRY1 polymorphism and AHEI on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 377 Iranian women with overweight and obesity aged 18-48(BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Dietary intake was evaluated by the use of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 147 items. The AHEI was calculated based on previous studies. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed and the bioelectrical impedance analysis method was used for body analysis. The rs2287161 was genotyped by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Objects were divided into three groups based on rs2287161 genotypes. RESULTS Our findings determined that the prevalence of the C allele was 51.9% and the G allele was 48.0%. The mean age and BMI were 36.6 ± 9.1years and 31 ± 4 kg/m2 respectively. After controlling for confounders (BMI, age, total energy intake, and physical activity), this study demonstrated that there was a significant interaction between CC genotype and adherence to AHEI on odds of hyper LDL (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.24-3.05, P for interaction = 0.004), hypertension (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.11-2.93, P for interaction = 0.01) and hyperglycemia (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.98-2.47, P for interaction = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that adherence to AHEI can reduce the odds of hyper LDL, hypertension, and hyperglycemia in the CC genotype of rs2287161.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amini Kahrizsangi M, Jafari F, Najam W, Safarpour AR, Fattahi MR, Nouri M, Ghalandari H, Askarpour M, Hamidian Shirazi M, Amini MR, Akbarzadeh M. Adherence to a healthy diet and odds of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:180-186. [PMID: 37344071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health concern around the world. Dietary factors, including diet quality, play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a tool used as a valid measurement of the individual's diet quality. We aimed at investigating the relationship between diet quality as assessed by HEI-2015 and the risk of MetS and its components in a cross-sectional sample of suburban individuals from PERSIAN Kavar cohort study (PKCS), Fars province, Iran. METHODS 2225 individuals meeting the eligibility criteria participated in the study. The relevant data were obtained from the baseline phase of PKCS. MetS was defined according to cut-offs presented by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). HEI-2015 was calculated for the included individuals. Odds ratios were estimated. P-values <0.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MetS was 27.3%. Individuals with lower HEI-2015 scores had higher odds for MetS and its components. We observed that those who were categorized as the top HEI-2015 tertile had 42% (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38-0.90) lower odds of high blood pressure in the overall population. Also, the odds of high serum triacylglycerol was lower (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57-0.90) in those with the highest HEI-2015 scores. CONCLUSION We found that higher dietary quality measured by HEI will decrease the risk of developing MetS, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia among Iranian adults. However, future interventional studies are required to further elucidate the issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Amini Kahrizsangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Wasiuddin Najam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamidian Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buck AN, Vincent HK, Newman CB, Batsis JA, Abbate LM, Huffman KF, Bodley J, Vos N, Callahan LF, Shultz SP. Evidence-Based Dietary Practices to Improve Osteoarthritis Symptoms: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3050. [PMID: 37447376 PMCID: PMC10347206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is some research investigating whole foods or diets that are easily understood and accessible to patients with osteoarthritis, specific nutrients or nutraceuticals are more commonly identified. Unfortunately, guidelines and evidence surrounding individual nutrients, extracts, and nutraceuticals are conflicting and are more difficult to interpret and implement for patients with osteoarthritis. The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing evidence of whole foods and dietary patterns effects on osteoarthritis-related outcomes to inform evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals and identify areas where more research is warranted. A literature search identified relevant systematic reviews/meta-analyses using five databases from inception to May 2022. Five systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included in the current umbrella review. Most evidence supported the Mediterranean diet improving osteoarthritis-related outcomes (e.g., pain, stiffness, inflammation, biomarkers of cartilage degeneration). There was little to no evidence supporting the effects of fruits and herbs on osteoarthritis-related outcomes; however, there was some suggestion that specific foods could potentiate symptom improvement through antioxidative mechanisms. The overall lack of homogeneity between the studies limits the conclusions that can be made and highlights the need for quality research that can identify consumer-accessible foods to improve osteoarthritis-related symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Buck
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27402, USA
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
| | - Heather K. Vincent
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 33865, USA
| | - Connie B. Newman
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27402, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27402, USA
| | - Lauren M. Abbate
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katie F. Huffman
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Bodley
- Lemieux Library, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;
| | - Natasha Vos
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- North Carolina Center for Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - Leigh F. Callahan
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah P. Shultz
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.K.V.); (C.B.N.); (J.A.B.); (L.M.A.); (K.F.H.); (N.V.); (L.F.C.)
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ 07764, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lawrence M. Ultra-processed foods: a fit-for-purpose concept for nutrition policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1384-1388. [PMID: 36514810 PMCID: PMC10346040 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modern nutrition science began approximately 100 years ago in the context of nutrient deficiency diseases. Nutrition research and policy activities were framed mostly within a reductionist paradigm in which foods were analysed as being a collection of their constituent nutrients. Today, nutrition problems extend to all forms of malnutrition as well as environmental sustainability considerations and are associated with food and dietary pattern exposures. In 2009, researchers investigating the nutrition transition in Brazil proposed that industrial food processing was a key determinant of nutrition problems. The NOVA food classification system which is based on the nature, extent and purposes of food processing was developed to operationalise this proposition. The ultra-processed food (UPF) concept within NOVA is receiving much attention in relation to nutrition research and policy activities. This commentary describes the UPF concept as being fit-for-purpose in providing guidance to inform policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets. There is now a substantial body of evidence linking UPF exposure with adverse population and planetary health outcomes. The UPF concept is increasingly being used in the development of food-based dietary guidelines and nutrition policy actions. It challenges many conventional nutrition research and policy activities as well as the political economy of the industrial food system. Inevitably, there are politicised debates associated with UPF and it is apparent a disproportionate number of articles claiming the concept is controversial originate from a small number of researchers with declared associations with UPF manufacturers. Prominent examples of these claims are assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lawrence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Marshall TM, Church DD, Jajtner AR, Esposito R. Foundational Nutrition: Implications for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:2837. [PMID: 37447166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition, and what can be considered "ideal" nutrition, is a complex, multi-faceted topic which many researchers and practitioners deliberate. While some attest that basic human nutrition is relatively understood, it is undeniable that a global nutritional problem persists. Many countries struggle with malnutrition or caloric deficits, while others encounter difficulties with caloric overconsumption and micronutrient deficiencies. A multitude of factors contribute to this global problem. Limitations to the current scope of the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and dietary reference intakes (DRIs), changes in soil quality, and reductions in nutrient density are just a few of these factors. In this article, we propose a new, working approach towards human nutrition designated "Foundational Nutrition". This nutritional lens combines a whole food approach in conjunction with micronutrients and other nutrients critical for optimal human health with special consideration given to the human gut microbiome and overall gut health. Together, this a synergistic approach which addresses vital components in nutrition that enhances the bioavailability of nutrients and to potentiate a bioactive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Tess M Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Adam R Jajtner
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mambrini SP, Menichetti F, Ravella S, Pellizzari M, De Amicis R, Foppiani A, Battezzati A, Bertoli S, Leone A. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Incidence of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112583. [PMID: 37299546 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are energy-dense, nutritionally unbalanced products, low in fiber but high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar. Recently, UPF consumption has increased likewise the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. To highlight a possible relationship, we conducted a systematic review of prospective studies from PubMed and Web of Science investigating the association between UPF consumption and the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Seventeen studies were selected. Eight evaluated the incidence of general and abdominal obesity, one the incidence of impaired fasting blood glucose, four the incidence of diabetes, two the incidence of dyslipidemia, and only one the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Studies' quality was assessed according to the Critical Appraisal Checklist for cohort studies proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Substantial agreement emerged among the studies in defining UPF consumption as being associated with the incident risk of general and abdominal obesity. More limited was the evidence on cardiometabolic risk. Nevertheless, most studies reported that UPF consumption as being associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In conclusion, evidence supports the existence of a relationship between UPF consumption and the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk. However, further longitudinal studies considering diet quality and changes over time are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paola Mambrini
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Menichetti
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Ravella
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Pellizzari
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Auxologico, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Healthy Diet, Polygenic Risk Score, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061344. [PMID: 36986074 PMCID: PMC10054787 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary and genetic factors are considered to be associated with UGI cancer risk. However, examinations of the effect of healthy diet on UGI cancer risk and the extent to which healthy diet modifies the impact of genetic susceptibility on UGI cancer remains limited. Associations were analyzed through Cox regression of the UK Biobank data (n = 415,589). Healthy diet, based on “healthy diet score,” was determined according to fruit, vegetables, grains, fish, and meat consumption. We compared adherence to healthy diet and the risk of UGI cancer. We also constructed a UGI polygenic risk score (UGI-PRS) to assess the combined effect of genetic risk and healthy diet. For the results high adherence to healthy diet reduced 24% UGI cancer risk (HR high-quality diet: 0.76 (0.62–0.93), p = 0.009). A combined effect of high genetic risk and unhealthy diet on UGI cancer risk was observed, with HR reaching 1.60 (1.20–2.13, p = 0.001). Among participants with high genetic risk, the absolute five-year incidence risk of UGI cancer was significantly reduced, from 0.16% to 0.10%, by having a healthy diet. In summary, healthy diet decreased UGI cancer risk, and individuals with high genetic risk can attenuate UGI cancer risk by adopting a healthy diet.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jessri M, Hennessey D, Bader Eddeen A, Bennett C, Sanmartin C, Manuel D. Mortality and Life Expectancy Lost in Canada Attributable to Dietary Patterns: Evidence From Canadian National Nutrition Survey Linked to Routinely Collected Health Administrative Databases. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:377-396. [PMID: 36288797 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 5 diet quality indexes, we estimated the mortality and life expectancy lost, at the national level, attributable to poor dietary patterns, which had previously been largely unknown. We used the Canadian Community Health Survey 2004, linked to vital statistics (n = 16,212 adults; representing n = 22,898,880). After a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 1,722 deaths were recorded. Population attributable fractions were calculated to estimate the mortality burden of poor dietary patterns (Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index 2015, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, and Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern Score). Better diet quality was associated with a 32%-51% and 21%-43% reduction in all-cause mortality among adults aged 45-80 years and ≥20 years, respectively. Projected life expectancy at 45 years was longer for Canadians adhering to a healthy dietary pattern (average of 5.2-8.0 years (men) and 1.6-4.1 (women)). At the population level, 26.5%-38.9% (men) and 8.9%-22.9% (women) of deaths were attributable to poor dietary patterns. Survival benefit was greater for individuals with higher scores on all diet indexes, even with relatively small intake differences. The large attributable burden was likely from assessing overall dietary patterns instead of a limited range of foods and nutrients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Phelan JM, Rosenkranz RR, Phelan CJ, Rosenkranz SK. Holistic Framework to Contextualize Dietary Quality Assessment: A Critical Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3986. [PMID: 36900992 PMCID: PMC10002241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous dietary quality indices exist to help quantify overall dietary intake and behaviors associated with positive health outcomes. Most indices focus solely on biomedical factors and nutrient or food intake, and exclude the influence of important social and environmental factors associated with dietary intake. Using the Diet Quality Index- International as one sample index to illustrate our proposed holistic conceptual framework, this critical review seeks to elucidate potential adaptations to dietary quality assessment by considering-in parallel-biomedical, environmental, and social factors. Considering these factors would add context to dietary quality assessment, influencing post-assessment recommendations for use across various populations and circumstances. Additionally, individual and population-level evidence-based practices could be informed by contextual social and environmental factors that influence dietary quality to provide more relevant, reasonable, and beneficial nutritional recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Phelan
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Richard R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Connor J. Phelan
- Department Geosciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng J, Franklin DK, Das A, Hirani V. The effects of dietary patterns and food groups on symptomatic osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Nutr Diet 2023; 80:21-43. [PMID: 36278278 PMCID: PMC10092134 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review current literature to determine the association between symptomatic osteoarthritis and dietary patterns, diet quality and food groups in adults aged ≥45 years. METHODS The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021270891). Cochrane Central Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched. A total of 3816 records were identified. Eligible articles involved populations aged ≥45 years with symptomatic osteoarthritis, assessing dietary patterns, diet quality or food groups, with pain in joints as outcomes. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists were used for quality assessment. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Six cohort studies were included. The Prudent dietary pattern and the Mediterranean dietary pattern reduced the progression of osteoarthritis symptoms. The Western dietary pattern increased symptomatic osteoarthritis progression. Increased total fibre consumption reduced symptomatic osteoarthritis progression and pain worsening, but the effects of fibre from each food group were inconclusive. Diet with high inflammatory potential increased risk of new onset symptomatic osteoarthritis, but the effects of overall diet quality were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS The Prudent dietary pattern showed the highest protection on symptomatic osteoarthritis in adults aged 45 years and over. The body of evidence is limited, suggesting that further research is needed to corroborate the estimated effect at a high certainty of evidence, and to incorporate previously unstudied dietary patterns and food groups. Identifying the most beneficial dietary pattern may inform future guidelines for reducing symptomatic osteoarthritis in middle aged and older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zeng
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniella Kate Franklin
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arpita Das
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dickie S, Woods J, Machado P, Lawrence M. A novel food processing-based nutrition classification scheme for guiding policy actions applied to the Australian food supply. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1071356. [PMID: 36742430 PMCID: PMC9895835 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diets are a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases and negatively impact environmental sustainability. Policy actions recommended to address dietary risk factors, such as restrictions on marketing and front-of-pack labelling, are informed by nutrition classification schemes (NCSs). Ultra-processed foods are associated with adverse population and planetary health outcomes, yet the concept is rarely incorporated in nutrition classification schemes for policy actions. This study aims to develop a novel food processing-based nutrition classification scheme for guiding policy actions. A secondary aim is to validate the scheme by classifying food and beverage items in the Australian food supply (face validity) and comparing them to the classifications of existing NCSs (convergent validity). Two versions of a model were developed, classifying foods and beverages in two steps, first using the NOVA classification system and secondly by applying upper thresholds for added free sugars and sodium, producing a binary output of either healthy or unhealthy. All food and beverage items (n = 7,322) in a dataset combining the Australian Food Composition Database (AUSNUT 2011-2013) and Mintel's Global New Product Database (2014-2019) were classified using the two models. The same dataset was also classified by the Health Star Rating system (HSR), The Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs), The Pan American Health Organization's Nutrient Profile Model (PAHO NPM), and the NOVA classification scheme, and pairwise agreement between all NCSs and the two models was determined (using Cohen's Kappa coefficient). A higher proportion of food categories consistent with dietary patterns that are associated with positive health outcomes, such and fruits, vegetables, and eggs were classified as healthy. And the clear majority of food categories consistent with dietary patterns associated with adverse health outcomes, such as confectionery, snack foods, and convenience foods were classified as unhealthy. The two versions of the model showed substantial agreement with NOVA and the PAHO NPM, fair agreement with the ADGs and slight to moderate agreement with the HSR system. A model NCS combining level of processing and nutrient criteria presents a valid alternative to existing methods to classify the health potential of individual foods for policy purposes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vajdi M, Karimi A, Farhangi MA, Ardekani AM. The association between healthy lifestyle score and risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 36647030 PMCID: PMC9843981 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle risk factors, such as obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and having an unhealthy diet are significantly associated to the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Consequently, it is important to examine multiple lifestyle risk factors instead of single ones. Moreover, the combined effects of these factors on risk of MetS are not fully investigated. This study investigated the relationship between HLS and MetS and its components among apparently healthy adults living in Tabriz-Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 347 apparently healthy adults aged 20-50. To assess healthy lifestyle, four habits were used to examine HLS: physical activity (PA), smoking, healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015), and body mass index (BMI). Smoking status, PA, and dietary intakes (147-item) of study participants were evaluated using valid questionnaires. The lifestyle score ranged from zero (non-healthy) to four (most healthy) points. Binary logistic regression with adjusted models was used to examine the association of HLS and MetS, and its components. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the current study, the average age and BMI of study participants were 40.78 ± 9.23 years old and 29.23 ± 5.97 kg/m2, respectively. Participants in the highest quartile of HLS had significantly lower waist circumference (WC), BMI, weight, and had less fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglyceride (TG) compared to the lowest quartile of HLS. Individuals in the second quartile of HLS had 24% greater odds for having MetS compared with those in the first quartile (adjusted OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05-2.66). A significant reduction in hyperglycemia (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96) and high TG (adjusted OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.55-0.93) risk was also observed in the highest category of HLS compared to the lowest category. Moreover, after taking potential confounders into account, low score of HLS was associated with increased odds of MetS in women (adjusted OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.03-2.91). CONCLUSION The results showed that the lowest adherence to HLS was associated with higher odds MetS in women, after adjusting for all covariates. Moreover, adherence to a healthy lifestyle was related to lower odds of hyperglycemia and high TG in Iranian adults. To confirm these results, prospective studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Multi-Nutrient Analysis of Dietary Macronutrients with All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: Data from NHANES 1999-2014. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020345. [PMID: 36678215 PMCID: PMC9865351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macronutrients are a major component of the human diet. However, few studies have assessed their collective association with mortality. We sought to evaluate the associations of macronutrient intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in US adults using a multi-nutrient approach. This prospective cohort analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the years 1999 to 2014. The participants included 33,681 US adults aged 20−85 years (52.5% female). The maximum follow-up time was 16.8 years, with a total of 4398 total deaths, including 772 cardiovascular deaths and 952 cancer deaths. The associations between mortality and dietary macronutrients were explored using three-dimensional generalized additive models, allowing for visual and statistical inference of complex nonlinear associations. Absolute macronutrient intake demonstrated a three-way interactive association with all-cause mortality (p < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.02), and cancer mortality (p = 0.05), adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, dietary quality, and lifestyle. Compositionally, a high caloric diet composed of moderately high protein (20%), moderate fat (30%), and moderate carbohydrate (50%) levels was associated with the highest mortality risk. Across the total energy intake levels, lower mortality risk was observed in two separate regions consisting of higher protein (30%), higher carbohydrate (60%), and lower fat levels (10%) or lower protein (10%), moderate carbohydrate (45%), and higher fat levels (45%). These findings highlight a complex nonlinear and interactive association between macronutrients and all-cause mortality such that several distinct dietary compositions are associated with similarly high or low risk. Future research is needed to explore the drivers of these associations and whether they differ across varying dietary patterns and populations.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lawrence M. Ultra-processed foods: a fit-for-purpose concept for nutrition policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-4. [PMID: 36514813 PMCID: PMC10197079 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200280x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modern nutrition science began approximately 100 years ago in the context of nutrient deficiency diseases. Nutrition research and policy activities were framed mostly within a reductionist paradigm in which foods were analysed as being a collection of their constituent nutrients. Today, nutrition problems extend to all forms of malnutrition as well as environmental sustainability considerations and are associated with food and dietary pattern exposures. In 2009, researchers investigating the nutrition transition in Brazil proposed that industrial food processing was a key determinant of nutrition problems. The NOVA food classification system which is based on the nature, extent and purposes of food processing was developed to operationalise this proposition. The ultra-processed food (UPF) concept within NOVA is receiving much attention in relation to nutrition research and policy activities. This commentary describes the UPF concept as being fit-for-purpose in providing guidance to inform policy activities to tackle unhealthy and unsustainable diets. There is now a substantial body of evidence linking UPF exposure with adverse population and planetary health outcomes. The UPF concept is increasingly being used in the development of food-based dietary guidelines and nutrition policy actions. It challenges many conventional nutrition research and policy activities as well as the political economy of the industrial food system. Inevitably, there are politicised debates associated with UPF and it is apparent a disproportionate number of articles claiming the concept is controversial originate from a small number of researchers with declared associations with UPF manufacturers. Prominent examples of these claims are assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lawrence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia email
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yaregal Z, Baye K, Solomon WK. The influence of dough kneading time and flour particle size distribution on white bread structure, glycemic response and aspects of appetite. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:68-77. [PMID: 36513488 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS White bread is widely consumed in many countries despite being a high-glycemic index (GI) food. It has been shown that the "food matrix effect" may help with diabetes and obesity management through lowering GI and appetite. This study aimed at investigating the effects of dough kneading time and flour particle size on white bread structure, glycemic response, and aspects of appetite. METHODS A two-phase randomized cross-over design was used in 10 healthy subjects over the course of 2 h. In phase 1, Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) attributes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image, glycemic response, and appetite aspects of white bread made with a 15-min dough kneading time (K15) were compared with white bread made with a 10-min dough kneading time (K10). In phase 2, TPA, SEM image, glycemic response, and satiety score of white bread made with coarse flour (CF) were compared to white bread made with fine flour (FF). RESULT With increasing hardness (force required to compress a food between the molars to a given deformation), total blood glucose IAUC in K15 (IAUC = 119 ± 12; GI = 66) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in K10 (IAUC = 154 ± 10; GI = 81). No marked difference was observed between K15 and K10 on aspects of appetite except for hunger. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in glycemic response between CF (IAUC = 126 ± 18; GI = 64) and FF (IAUC = 147 ± 12; GI = 81). Similarly, no discernible difference in satiety between CF and FF. CONCLUSION Changes in processing conditions can improve blood glucose response relalated to white bread consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Yaregal
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kaleab Baye
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - W K Solomon
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Consumer Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ji F, Yang Y, Xu L, Cai J, Ni M, Wang Q, Zhao S, Ma A. Poor diet quality evaluated with the China Healthy Diet Index in Chinese tuberculosis patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:1192-1201. [PMID: 34962001 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the diet quality of tuberculosis patients and healthy adults by using the China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) and to provide guidance for the diet of tuberculosis patients in the future. METHODS A case-control study of 1241 patients and 1241 healthy individuals matchedfor sex and age. The CHDI was used to score the overall diet quality of patients in the casegroup and the control group. RESULTS The CHDI score of tuberculosis patients was 61.61 and that of healthy controls was 63.97. After adjustment for confounders, participants with >80 on CHDI were 73.5% less likely to develop tuberculosis than participants with <51 (OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.086, 0.813, p < 0.05). In the original model, the CHDI scores in the highest range were inversely associated with tuberculosis risk compared with the lowest range (OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.420,1.122, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the CHDI score was significantly associated with a reduced risk of tuberculosis (OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.086, 0.813, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, a high-quality diet was positively correlated with anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes (OR:0.957, 95% CI: 0.918,0.998, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Compared with healthy adults, tuberculosis patients have poor diet quality with unreasonable diet structure. The insufficient intake of whole grains, vegetables, beans, aquatic products, meat and eggs and the excessive intake of pure energy food and solid fat suggests that the dietary structure of tuberculosis patients was unreasonable. This study provides an idea of the diet structure of tuberculosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingde Ni
- Linyi People's Hospital East Branch, Linyi, China
| | - Qiuzhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Aiguo Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Chinese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224911. [PMID: 36432596 PMCID: PMC9698822 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain dietary patterns are associated with an increased risk of obesity and its comorbidities. However, these associations vary across populations. The prevalence of obesity has been rising amid a drastic nutrition transition in China during the country’s rapid economic growth. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize how dietary patterns are associated with obesity in the Chinese population. We searched for articles from 1 January 2000 to 1 February 2022 in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus that assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity outcomes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. From the 2556 articles identified from the search, 23 articles were included in the analysis. We found that the traditional Chinese dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84, p < 0.001), whereas the Western dietary pattern was associated with a higher OR of overweight/obesity, but not reaching statistical significance (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.84, p = 0.07). There were inconsistent results for other dietary patterns, such as meat/animal protein and plant/vegetarian patterns. In conclusion, the traditional Chinese diet characterized by vegetables, rice, and meat was associated with a lower risk of obesity. The heterogeneity in characterizing dietary patterns contributes to the inconsistency of how dietary patterns are associated with obesity in the Chinese population.
Collapse
|
27
|
The Role of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in Mediating Genetic Susceptibility via MC4R s17782313 Genotypes to Affect Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Apparently Healthy Obese Individuals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3044545. [PMID: 36440355 PMCID: PMC9683967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3044545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The association of genetic and dietary factors with occurrence and progression of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence for complex interrelationships, including direct and indirect effects of these variables. Hence, this study is aimed at evaluating the mediating role of glycemic indices in the association of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 polymorphism, sociodemographic, and psychological factors with the risk of MetS in obese adults using structural equation modeling. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 287 apparently healthy adults. Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were calculated from a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MC4R s17782313 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Structural equation modeling was used to explore direct and indirect effects of genetic and nongenetic factors on MetS. Results MC4R gene variant was directly associated with the risk of MetS (B = 0.010; P = 0.023). On the other hand, this variant was found to be indirectly and positively associated with LDL-C (B = 6.589; P = 0.042) through mediatory effects of GI and GL. Moreover, GI and GL also mediated indirect positive effects of sex and age on LDL-C (B = 3.970; P ≤ 0.01; B = 0.878; P ≤ 0.01, respectively) and HDL (B = 2.203; P ≤ 0.01; B = 0.129; P ≤ 0.01, respectively). MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism had positive effects on GI (B = 1.577; P ≤ 0.01) and GL (B = 1.235; P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Our data may state a hypothesis of the mediating effect of quantity and quality of carbohydrates consumed in relationship between genetic susceptibility to obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Further analyses should be carried out in high-quality cohort studies in order to confirm the findings.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nix E. Proposed Changes to Nutrition Curricula in Higher Education. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:1042-1046. [PMID: 36184353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the field of nutrition has shifted to holistic approaches to dietary health, introductory nutrition courses have primarily focused on a reductionist approach. From my perspective, there is a need for radical changes in nutrition curricula to emphasize the importance of whole foods, complex dietary behavior, and food systems that align with the progress made within the field of nutrition. This holistic perspective of food and dietary patterns can help future dietitians and those not pursuing dietetics to understand the complex realities of nutrition while also learning transferable skills, such as systems-thinking, communication, and evaluation and critique of current research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nix
- Health and Human Kinetics Department, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
de Camargo AM, Botelho AM, Irmão GB, Fiates GMR. Analysis of Recipes Shared as 'Healthy' in a Popular Brazilian Website: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13914. [PMID: 36360804 PMCID: PMC9653976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cooking is crucial to the achievement of healthy eating habits, and the internet, as host of culinary recipes websites, is a medium for the dissemination of cooking-related content. Research has revealed that most recipes available on internet sites do not have healthy characteristics when compared to recommendations for healthy eating, even the ones promoted as 'healthy'. This study investigated culinary recipes available on the 'healthy eating' section of a popular Brazilian recipe-sharing website. Recipes (n = 814) were analyzed with a validated framework based on national dietary guidelines. Ingredients (n = 5887) were classified according to the extension and purpose of their industrial processing. The recipes' titles were content analyzed to identify the health-related words and phrases used. Recipes contained ultra-processed foods and not enough unprocessed or minimally processed foods, such as legumes (4.7%, n = 380), nuts and seeds (18.4%, n = 150), and fruits (n = 32.7%, n = 263). The recipes' titles mentioned 564 health-related terms, appealing to physical characteristics, including weight loss, and fads, such as gluten-free, dukan, low-carb, detox, fitness, ripped body, and belly burner. Therefore, the 'healthy' recipes available on the Brazilian recipe-sharing website presented many aspects not in accordance with national dietary guidelines.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hendrie GA, Rebuli MA, James-Martin G, Baird DL, Bogard JR, Lawrence AS, Ridoutt B. Towards healthier and more sustainable diets in the Australian context: comparison of current diets with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1939. [PMID: 36261800 PMCID: PMC9583557 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing focus on moving populations towards healthier and more environmentally sustainable dietary patterns. The Australian Dietary Guidelines provide dietary patterns that promote health and wellbeing. It is unclear how these guidelines align with the more recently published global recommendations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Reference Diet, and how Australian diets compare to both sets of recommendations. METHODS Data from one 24-h recall collected for the 2011-13 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were analysed for 5,920 adults aged 19-50 years. Subgroups of this population were identified by diet quality and lower or higher consumption of foods often considered to be environmentally intensive (higher animal meat and dairy foods) or associated with healthiness (higher vegetables and lower discretionary choices). Food group and nutrient composition of Australian diets were compared to diets modelled on the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Planetary Health Reference Diet. The environmental impacts of diets were estimated using an index of combined metrics. RESULTS Compared with the Planetary Health Reference Diet, the Australian Dietary Guidelines contained more servings of the vegetable, dairy and alternatives, fruit, and discretionary choices. The amount of meat and alternatives was higher in the Planetary Health Reference Diet than Australian Dietary Guidelines due to the inclusion of more plant-based meat alternatives. The average Australian diet contained two to almost four times the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Planetary Health Reference Diet maximum recommended intake of discretionary choices, and provided inadequate amounts of the vegetables, cereals, unsaturated fats and meats and alternatives food groups, primarily due to lower intakes of plant-based alternatives. The average Australian diet also contained less dairy and alternatives than the Australian Dietary Guidelines. In the average Australian diet, red meat and poultry contributed 73% to the total servings of meat and alternatives compared to 33% and 10% for the Australian Dietary Guidelines and Planetary Health Reference Diet respectively. The modelled Australian Dietary Guidelines diet met the relevant nutrient reference value for all 22 nutrients examined, whereas the Planetary Health Reference Diet contained an inadequate amount of calcium. The environmental impact scores of the Planetary Health Reference Diet and Australian Dietary Guidelines were 31% and 46% lower than the average Australian diet. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes are required for Australians' dietary intake to align more closely with national and global dietary recommendations for health and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilly A Hendrie
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Megan A Rebuli
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Danielle L Baird
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Bradley Ridoutt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dickie S, Woods J, Machado P, Lawrence M. Nutrition Classification Schemes for Informing Nutrition Policy in Australia: Nutrient-Based, Food-Based, or Dietary-Based? Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac112. [PMID: 36060220 PMCID: PMC9429971 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Policy makers are increasingly using nutrition classification schemes (NCSs) to assess a food's health potential for informing nutrition policy actions. However, there is wide variability among the NCSs implemented and no standard benchmark against which their contrasting assessments can be validated. Objectives This study aimed to compare the agreement of nutrient-, food-, and dietary-based NCSs in their assessment of a food's health potential within the Australian food supply, and examine the conceptual underpinnings and technical characteristics that explain differences in performance. Methods A dataset combining food compositional data from the Mintel Global New Products Database and the Australian Food Composition Database (AUSNUT 2011-2012) (n = 7322) was assembled. Products were classified by 7 prominent NCSs that were selected as representative of one or other of 1) nutrient-based NCSs [the Chilean nutrient profile model (NPM), Health Star Rating (HSR), Nutri-Score, the WHO European Region's NPM (WHO-Euro NPM), and the Pan American Health Organization's (PAHO) NPM]; 2) food-based NCS (NOVA), and 3) dietary-based NCS [Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs)]. Results The PAHO NPM classified the lowest proportion (22%) of products as "healthy", and the HSR the highest (63%). The PAHO NPM, NOVA, WHO-Euro NPM, and the Chilean NPM classified >50% of products as "unhealthy," and the ADGs, HSR, and Nutri-Score classified <50% of products as "unhealthy." The HSR and Nutri-Score had the highest pairwise agreement (κ = 0.7809, 89.70%), and the PAHO NPM and HSR the lowest (κ = 0.1793, 53.22%). Characteristics of NCSs that more effectively identified ultraprocessed and discretionary foods were: category-specific assessment, the classification of categories as always "healthy" or "unhealthy," consideration of level of food processing, thresholds for "risk" nutrients that do not penalize whole foods; and no allowance for the substitution of ingredients. Conclusions Wide variation was observed in agreement of the assessment of a food's health potential among the NCSs analyzed due to differing conceptual underpinnings and technical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dickie
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Woods
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Priscila Machado
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Lawrence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
De Amicis R, Mambrini SP, Pellizzari M, Foppiani A, Bertoli S, Battezzati A, Leone A. Systematic Review on the Potential Effect of Berry Intake in the Cognitive Functions of Healthy People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142977. [PMID: 35889934 PMCID: PMC9321916 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy poses health challenges, such as increasing the impairment of cognitive functions. Berries show a neuroprotective effect thanks to flavonoids, able to reduce neuroinflammatory and to increase neuronal connections. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the impact of berries supplementation on cognitive function in healthy adults and the elderly. Twelve studies were included for a total of 399 participants, aged 18–81 years (mean age: 41.8 ± 4.7 years). Six studies involved young adults (23.9 ± 3.7 years), and four studies involved the elderly (60.6 ± 6.4 years). Most studies investigated effects of a single berry product, but one used a mixture of 4 berries. Non-significant differences were detected across cognition domains and methodologies, but significant and positive effects were found for all cognitive domains (attention and concentration, executive functioning, memory, motor skills and construction, and processing speed), and in most cases they were present in more than one study and detected using different methodologies. Although some limitations should be taken into account to explain these results, the positive findings across studies and methodologies elicit further studies on this topic, to endorse the consumption of berries in healthy populations to prevent cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Paola Mambrini
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Marta Pellizzari
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.M.); (M.P.); (A.F.); (S.B.); (A.B.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chaudhary V, Saraswathy KN, Sarwal R. Dietary diversity as a sustainable approach towards micronutrient deficiencies in India. Indian J Med Res 2022; 156:31-45. [PMID: 36510896 PMCID: PMC9903373 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3314_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The silent epidemic of micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) continues to be a major public health challenge in the developing world, including India. The prevalence of iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A and folate deficiencies is alarmingly high worldwide. India is additionally facing a high prevalence of vitamin D and B12 deficiencies. To combat the hidden epidemic of MNDs, various governments around the world have mostly relied on supplementation or fortification-based interventions. India launched salt iodization programme in 1962 and vitamin A and iron-folate supplementation programmes in 1970. Yet, even after decades of these programmes, MNDs are still widespread in the country. Due to slow progress in alleviating the burden of most MNDs, the Government of India aims to scale up fortification-based intervention programmes. However, there are safety and effectiveness concerns with such approaches. Hence, overdependence on supplementation and fortification alone may be counterproductive. Instead, food based dietary diversification approach can be the way forward. In this article, we list the common MNDs in India, evaluate major policy interventions, discuss concerns pertaining to fortification and suggest the need for a concurrent food-based approach, in particular dietary diversification, as a long-term and sustainable strategy to address population-based MNDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rakesh Sarwal
- National Minorities Development and Finance Corporation, Delhi, India,For correspondence: Dr Rakesh Sarwal, National Minorities Development and Finance Corporation, Delhi 110 092, India e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Predictive Utility of Composite Child Feeding Indices (CCFIs) for Child Nutritional Status: Comparative Analyses for the Most Suitable Formula for Constructing an Optimum CCFI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116621. [PMID: 35682207 PMCID: PMC9180453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Composite child feeding indices (CCFIs) developed from various relevant measures of dietary intake by infants and young children have several potential applications in nutritional epidemiological studies for the development and deployment of precise public health nutrition interventions against child undernutrition. The predictive utility of some CCFIs (computed from varying formulation components) for child nutritional status (stunting, wasting, and underweight) were compared. The purpose of the study was to identify the most suitable among them for possible standardization, validation, and adoption by nutritional health researchers. Using cluster sampling, data from 581 mother–child pairs were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were applied to the data obtained through a community-based analytical cross-sectional survey design. Three of the CCFIs were found to be significantly associated with only wasting (WHZ) from the linear regression models after adjusting for potential confounders and/or correlates. None of the CCFIs (whether in the continuous nor categorical form) was consistently predictive of all three measures of child nutritional status, after controlling for potential confounders and/or correlates, irrespective of the choice of regression method. CCFI 5 was constructed using a dimension reduction technique—namely principal component analysis (PCA)—as the most optimal summary index in terms of predictiveness for child wasting status, validity, and reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.80) that captured relevant dimensions of optimal child food intake. The dimension reduction approach that was used in constructing CCFI 5 is recommended for standardization, validation, and possible adoption for wider applicability across heterogeneous population settings as an optimum CCFI usable for nutritional epidemiological studies among children under five years.
Collapse
|
35
|
Acevedo-Fani A, Singh H. Food Structure and Nutrition Interface: New Perspectives in Designing Healthy and Sustainable Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5291-5298. [PMID: 35446581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing world population, impact of food production on climate change, and ongoing issues with diet-related diseases (e.g., malnutrition and obesity) are global major challenges. Recent advances in how food structure impacts the extent and kinetics of uptake of nutrients and its consequent effects on the physiological outcomes are beginning to shift our understanding of nutrition. This understanding is important to designing future foods that provide optimum nutrient bioavailability and deliver healthy outcomes. We discuss perspectives and scientific challenges in understanding the complex relationship between food structure/matrix modification during the digestion process and the absorption of nutrients as well as designing food structures with more sustainable materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Acevedo-Fani
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou MS, Hasson RE, Baylin A, Leung CW. Associations between diet quality and allostatic load in US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:2207-2217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
37
|
Chi X, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Xu B, Wei W. Regulation of a New Type of Selenium-Rich Royal Jelly on Gut Microbiota Profile in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1763-1775. [PMID: 34170447 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) and selenium (Se)-rich foods have well-known health benefits which are attributable to a broad range of pharmacologic effects including antioxidant, bacteriostatic, anticancer, and immunoregulatory activities. However, there was no study to combine Se with RJ. Here, Se-rich RJ (SRJ) was produced by feeding sodium selenite to honeybees (Apis mellifera). To further clarify the function of SRJ, mice were then fed RJ or SRJ for 30 days, and their antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota profile were analyzed. The results showed that SRJ treatment could more effectively increase glutathione peroxidase levels in the liver and kidney, as well as total antioxidant activity in the liver and superoxide dismutase level in the kidney. Additionally, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae families were increased, whereas the abundance of Helicobacterceae was decreased in mice treated with SRJ. At the genus level, SRJ increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Prevotellaceae UCG 001, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Oscillibacter and decreased that of Alistipes. And the functional prediction of gut microbiota indicated SRJ treatment could enhance the amino acid metabolism. Correlation analysis indicated that SRJ could optimize the functional network of gut microbiota and the interactions between the gut microbiota and the host. These results suggested the SRJ had potential therapeutic applications in the improvement of overall health or treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress or dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Chi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, 271018, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ultra-processed foods and obesity and adiposity parameters among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2297-2311. [PMID: 35322333 PMCID: PMC8942762 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the NOVA classification, ultra-processed foods are products made through physical, biological and chemical processes and typically with multiple ingredients and additives, in which whole foods are mostly or entirely absent. From a nutritional point of view, they are typically energy-dense foods high in fat, sugar, and salt and low in fiber. The association between the consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity and adiposity measurements has been established in adults. However, the situation remains unclear in children and adolescents. METHODS We carried out a systematic review, in which we summarize observational studies investigating the association between the consumption of ultra-processed food, as defined by NOVA classification, and obesity and adiposity parameters among children and adolescents. A literature search was performed using PUBMED and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published prior to May 2021. RESULTS Ten studies, five longitudinal and five cross-sectional, mainly conducted in Brazil, were included in this review. Four longitudinal studies in children with a follow-up longer than 4 years found a positive association between the consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity and adiposity parameters, whereas cross-sectional studies failed to find an association. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a consistent intake of ultra-processed foods over time is needed to impact nutritional status and body composition of children and adolescents. Further well-designed prospective studies worldwide are needed to confirm these findings considering country-related differences in dietary habits and food production technologies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chronic diseases are first associated with the degradation and artificialization of food matrices rather than with food composition: calorie quality matters more than calorie quantity. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2239-2253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Mayr HL, Kelly JT, Macdonald GA, Russell AW, Hickman IJ. Clinician perspectives of barriers and enablers to implementing the Mediterranean dietary pattern in routine care for coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes: A qualitative interview study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1263-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Mena P, Bresciani L, Tassotti M, Rosi A, Martini D, Antonini M, Cas AD, Bonadonna R, Brighenti F, Del Rio D. Effect of different patterns of consumption of coffee and a cocoa-based product containing coffee on the nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic compounds. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2107-2118. [PMID: 34582552 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Chronic intake results in the transient appearance of bioactive phenolic metabolites in the circulatory system. However, there is a lack of information on the impact of different patterns of coffee consumption on plasma and urinary profiles of phenolic metabolites. OBJECTIVES Plasma and urinary phenolic metabolites were investigated following regular consumption of different daily dosages of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee (CBPCC) under a real-life setting. METHODS A repeated-dose, randomized, crossover human intervention was conducted with 21 healthy volunteers. For 1 mo, participants consumed 1) 1 cup of coffee (1C), 2) 3 cups of coffee (3C), or 3) 1 cup of coffee + 2 CBPCC twice daily (PC). Plasma and urine samples were collected over a 24-h period after each treatment. The nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of native, human phase II, and colonic metabolites were assessed. RESULTS A total of 51 (poly)phenolic metabolites were quantified, with 41 metabolites being strictly related to coffee consumption. Significant differences were observed among treatments for most of the metabolites. The metabolites present in the highest amounts were the hydroxycinnamate, phenylpropanoic acid, benzaldehyde, and benzene classes, along with (-)-epicatechin and phenyl-γ-valerolactone derivatives after PC treatment. Daily average concentrations did not exceed 200 nmol/L and were <100 nmol/L for most of the metabolites. The excretion of coffee phenolics ranged from 40% to 70% of intake, indicating that coffee hydroxycinnamates are notably more bioavailable than previously thought. Interindividual variability was also investigated. CONCLUSIONS The absorption, metabolism, nutrikinetic profile, and bioavailability of coffee phenolics were established for different patterns of coffee consumption under real-life conditions. This work provides the basis for further nutritional epidemiology research and mode-of-action cell-based studies. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03166540.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Antonini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonadonna
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fardet A, Lebredonchel L, Rock E. Empirico-inductive and/or hypothetico-deductive methods in food science and nutrition research: which one to favor for a better global health? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2480-2493. [PMID: 34494476 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1976101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research generally follows two main methods: empirico-inductive (EI), gathering scattered, real-world qualitative/quantitative data to elaborate holistic theories, and the hypothetico-deductive (HD) approach, testing the validity of hypothesized theory in specific conditions, generally according to reductionist methodologies or designs, with the risk of over simplifying the initial complexity empirically perceived in its holistic view. However, in current food and nutrition research, new hypotheses are often elaborated from reductionist data obtained with the HD approach, and aggregated to form (ultra)reductionist theories, with no application of EI observations, limiting the applicability of these hypotheses in real life. This trend and the application of the EI method are illustrated as regards with the global health issue through the examples of food classifications/scoring, clinical studies, the definition of a sustainable diet, the "matrix effect"-related hypothesis, the concept of healthy core metabolism, and obesity prevention within the perspective of social sciences. To be efficient for producing food and nutritional data appropriable by the society, it finally appears that not only both approaches are necessary, starting with the EI method then the HD one, but also a back and forth between the two, this being not always realized, potentially leading to confusion and misunderstanding in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louis Lebredonchel
- CERREV - Centre de Recherche Risques & Vulnérabilités - EA 3918 Université de Caen Normandie MRSH, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Delgado A, Issaoui M, Vieira MC, Saraiva de Carvalho I, Fardet A. Food Composition Databases: Does It Matter to Human Health? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082816. [PMID: 34444976 PMCID: PMC8399939 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food provides humans with more than just energy and nutrients, addressing both vital needs and pleasure. Food habits are determined by a wide range of factors, from sensorial stimuli to beliefs and, once commanded by local and seasonal availability, are nowadays driven by marketing campaigns promoting unhealthy and non-sustainable foodstuffs. Top-down and bottom-up changes are transforming food systems, driven by policies on SDGs and by consumer's concerns about environmental and health impacts. Food quality, in terms of taste, safety, and nutritional value, is determined by its composition, described in food composition databases (FDBs). FDBs are then useful resources to agronomists, food and mechanical engineers, nutritionists, marketers, and others in their efforts to address at maximum human nutrient needs. In this work, we analyse some relevant food composition databases (viz., purpose, type of data, ease of access, regularity of updates), inspecting information on the health and environmental nexus, such as food origin, production mode as well as nutritional quality. The usefulness and limitations of food databases are discussed regarding what concerns sustainable diets, the food 'matrix effect', missing compounds, safe processing, and in guiding innovation in foods, as well as in shaping consumers' perceptions and food choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Delgado
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.V.); (I.S.d.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manel Issaoui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Sidi Bouzid 9100, Tunisia;
| | - Margarida C. Vieira
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.V.); (I.S.d.C.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Superior Institute of Engineering, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Saraiva de Carvalho
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.C.V.); (I.S.d.C.)
- FSLab—Food Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anthony Fardet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Route de Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Oliveira MSDS, Santos LADS. Dietary guidelines for Brazilian population: an analysis from the cultural and social dimensions of food. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 25:2519-2528. [PMID: 32667536 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.22322018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article analyzes the social and cultural dimensions of food addressed in the dietary guidelines of the second edition of the Dietary Guideline for the Brazilian Population (DGBP) in contrast to its first edition. This is a qualitative study. We employ the Pecheutian discourse analysis. The study universe is the first and second edition of DGBP. Data analysis used three steps: identification of similar and different texts of these materials; elucidation of the social and cultural dimensions of food in these materials; and systematic analysis with contrasting emerging discourses in both DGBPs. We emphasize that in the second edition the theoretical references-epidemiological, clinical, sociological, anthropological studies, and popular knowledge-and the use of the NOVA food classification favored the development of more holistic dietary guidelines that address food and eating patterns, culinary practices, the act of eating and the commensality. It is concluded that the second editions of DGPB allows health professionals and the population an understanding of food as something concrete in the life of individuals and collectivity, extrapolating its physiological and biological dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Sanay da Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Av. Araújo Pinho 32, Canela. 40110-150 Salvador BA Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fardet A, Rock E. Exclusive reductionism, chronic diseases and nutritional confusion: the degree of processing as a lever for improving public health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2784-2799. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1858751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Defining healthy and sustainable diets for infants, children and adolescents. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
47
|
Starch granular protein of high-amylose wheat gives innate resistance to amylolysis. Food Chem 2020; 330:127328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
Bresciani L, Tassotti M, Rosi A, Martini D, Antonini M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna R, Brighenti F, Del Rio D, Mena P. Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, and Urinary Excretion of Pyridines After Consumption of Coffee and Cocoa-Based Products Containing Coffee in a Repeated Dose, Crossover Human Intervention Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000489. [PMID: 32776430 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The present study assesses the absorption, pharmacokinetics, and urinary excretion of coffee pyridines and their metabolites after daily regular exposure to specific dosages of coffee or cocoa-based products containing coffee (CBPCC), considering different patterns of consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS In a three-arm, crossover, randomized trial, 21 volunteers are requested to randomly consume for 1 month: one cup of espresso coffee per day, three cups of espresso coffee per day, or one cup of espresso coffee plus two CBPCC twice per day. The last day of the one-month treatment, blood and urine samples are collected for 24 h. Trigonelline, N-methylpyridinium, N-methylnicotinamide, and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide are quantified. Trigonelline and N-methylpyridinium absorption curves and 24-h urinary excretion reflect the daily consumption of different servings of coffee or CBPCC, showing also significant differences in main pharmacokinetic parameters. Moreover, inter-subject variability due to sex and smoking is assessed, showing sex-related differences in the metabolism of trigonelline and smoking-related ones for N-methylpyridinium. CONCLUSION The daily exposure to coffee pyridines after consumption of different coffee dosages in a real-life setting is established. This data will be useful for future studies aiming at evaluating the bioactivity of coffee-derived circulating metabolites in cell experiments, mimicking more realistic experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Michele Tassotti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Monica Antonini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonadonna
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1561-1586. [PMID: 32770356 PMCID: PMC7987633 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of current systematic review was to update the body of evidence on associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of cancer mortality, site-specific cancer in the general population; all-cause, and cancer mortality as well as cancer reoccurrence among cancer survivors. Methods A literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control and cohort studies published up to April 2020 was performed using PubMed and Scopus. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus lowest adherence to the MedDiet category were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Certainty of evidence from cohort studies and RCTs was evaluated using the NutriGrade scoring system. Results The updated search revealed 44 studies not identified in the previous review. Altogether, 117 studies including 3,202,496 participants were enclosed for meta-analysis. The highest adherence to MedDiet was inversely associated with cancer mortality (RRcohort: 0.87, 95% CI 0.82, 0.92; N = 18 studies), all-cause mortality among cancer survivors (RRcohort: 0.75, 95% CI 0.66, 0.86; N = 8), breast (RRobservational: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.97; N = 23), colorectal (RRobservational: 0.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.90; N = 17), head and neck (RRobservational: 0.56, 95% CI 0.44, 0.72; N = 9), respiratory (RRcohort: 0.84, 95% CI 0.76, 0.94; N = 5), gastric (RRobservational: 0.70, 95% CI 0.61, 0.80; N = 7), bladder (RRobservational: 0.87, 95% CI 0.76, 0.98; N = 4), and liver cancer (RRobservational: 0.64, 95% CI 0.54, 0.75; N = 4). Adhering to MedDiet did not modify risk of blood, esophageal, pancreatic and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion In conclusion, our results suggest that highest adherence to the MedDiet was related to lower risk of cancer mortality in the general population, and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors as well as colorectal, head and neck, respiratory, gastric, liver and bladder cancer risks. Moderate certainty of evidence from cohort studies suggest an inverse association for cancer mortality and colorectal cancer, but most of the comparisons were rated as low or very low certainty of evidence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02346-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
50
|
How to protect both health and food system sustainability? A holistic 'global health'-based approach via the 3V rule proposal. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3028-3044. [PMID: 32758320 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define a generic diet to protect human health and food system sustainability based on three dimensions: animal:plant ratio, degree of food processing and food diversity. DESIGN/SETTING The percentages of maximum animal and ultra-processed energy content were evaluated from scientific papers (Web of Science database) and reports from international scientific institutions. Then, a weekly French standard diet, including these percentages and food diversity (≥42 different foods), was designed to calculate adequacy to nutritional needs. RESULTS Based on traditional and scientifically based healthy diets, and on foresight scenarios for sustainable diets at horizon 2050, a median daily animal energy content intake of 15 % was found to be protective towards both human health and environment. Based on epidemiological studies associating ultra-processed energy consumption with increased overweight/obesity risk, a precautionary threshold of approximately 15 % ultra-processed energy content was observed. The French diet allows addressing all nutritional needs and other nutritional indicators such as maximum salt and simple sugar consumption, α-linolenic acid:linoleic acid ratio and essential amino acids. This diet was named the '3V rule' for Végétal (plant), Vrai (real) and Varié (varied, if possible organic, local and seasonal). This generic diet can be adapted according to regional traditions and environmental characteristics. Excluding only one dimension of it would threaten both health and food system sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Tending towards a 3V-based diet, while respecting local constraints, should allow preserving human health, environment (greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, deforestation, etc.), small farmers, animal welfare and biodiversity, culinary traditions and socioeconomics (including an alleviation of public health cost).
Collapse
|