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Molnár-Gábor D, Lengyel M, Krongaard T. Rapid method for quantitation of seven human milk oligosaccharides in infant formula and premix. Carbohydr Res 2024; 541:109149. [PMID: 38796900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
As the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) grows, so does the commercial interest in their inclusion in infant formula products. This also requires analytical methods capable of their quantification from finished infant formula products as well as from premixed ingredients in some cases. The objective of the present study was the development and single-laboratory validation of a method that can be used for this purpose for seven HMOs: 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), 3'-sialyllactose (3'SL), 6'-sialyllactose (6'SL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). The present method uses labeling by reductive amination, with 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (benzocaine) as the labeling reagent and picoline borane as the reducing agent, then applies HPLC separation with UV detection. The seven HMOs could be analyzed from infant formula and premix samples with recoveries between 91 and 108 %, relative standard deviations of 4.3 % or lower across all replicates, and limits of quantitation between 0.001 % and 0.004 % of powder sample by weight. The method was found to be rapid and reliable, with a runtime of only 14 min per injection, in contrast to other methods found in literature which typically use nearly or more than an hour. In addition, it uses instrumentation that's readily available in most analytical laboratories.
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Yao Q, Gao Y, Zheng N, Delcenserie V, Wang J. Unlocking the mysteries of milk oligosaccharides: Structure, metabolism, and function. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121911. [PMID: 38431414 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides (MOs), complex carbohydrates prevalent in human breast milk, play a vital role in infant nutrition. Serving as prebiotics, they inhibit pathogen adherence, modulate the immune system, and support newborn brain development. Notably, MOs demonstrate significant variations in concentration and composition, both across different species and within the same species. These characteristics of MOs lead to several compelling questions: (i) What distinct beneficial functions do MOs offer and how do the functions vary along with their structural differences? (ii) In what ways do MOs in human milk differ from those in other mammals, and what factors drive these unique profiles? (iii) What are the emerging applications of MOs, particularly in the context of their incorporation into infant formula? This review delves into the structural characteristics, quantification methods, and species-specific concentration differences of MOs. It highlights the critical role of human MOs in infant growth and their potential applications, providing substantial evidence to enhance infant health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Veronique Delcenserie
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Cohen A, Turjeman S, Levin R, Tal S, Koren O. Comparison of canine colostrum and milk using a multi-omics approach. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:19. [PMID: 38650014 PMCID: PMC11034113 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mother's milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition in neonates and is a source of cytokines, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and other important components, yet little is known about the components of canine milk, specifically colostrum, and the knowledge related to its microbial and metabolic profiles is particularly underwhelming. In this study, we characterized canine colostrum and milk microbiota and metabolome for several breeds of dogs and examined profile shifts as milk matures in the first 8 days post-whelping. RESULTS Through untargeted metabolomics, we identified 63 named metabolites that were significantly differentially abundant between days 1 and 8 of lactation. Surprisingly, the microbial compositions of the colostrum and milk, characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were largely similar, with only two differentiating genera. The shifts observed, mainly increases in several sugars and amino sugars over time and shifts in amino acid metabolites, align with shifts observed in human milk samples and track with puppy development. CONCLUSION Like human milk, canine milk composition is dynamic, and shifts are well correlated with developing puppies' needs. Such a study of the metabolic profile of canine milk, and its relation to the microbial community, provides insights into the changing needs of the neonate, as well as the ideal nutrition profile for optimal functionality. This information will add to the existing knowledge base of canine milk composition with the prospect of creating a quality, tailored milk substitute or supplement for puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Cohen
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Rachel Levin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Smadar Tal
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Wells JCK, Wei Z, Bajaj-Elliott M, Nielsen DS, Fewtrell MS. A Stress Reduction Intervention for Lactating Mothers Alters Maternal Gut, Breast Milk, and Infant Gut Microbiomes: Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1074. [PMID: 38613107 PMCID: PMC11013067 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated how the maternal gut, breast milk, and infant gut microbiomes may contribute to the effects of a relaxation intervention, which reduced maternal stress and promoted infant weight gain. METHODS An RCT was undertaken in healthy Chinese primiparous mother-infant pairs (340/7-376/7gestation weeks). Mothers were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (IG, listening to relaxation meditation) or the control group (CG). Outcomes were the differences in microbiome composition and the diversity in the maternal gut, breast milk, and infant gut at 1 (baseline) and 8 weeks (post-intervention) between IG and CG, assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal and breastmilk samples. RESULTS In total, 38 mother-infant pairs were included in this analysis (IG = 19, CG = 19). The overall microbiome community structure in the maternal gut was significantly different between the IG and CG at 1 week, with the difference being more significant at 8 weeks (Bray-Curtis distance R2 = 0.04 vs. R2 = 0.13). Post-intervention, a significantly lower α-diversity was observed in IG breast milk (observed features: CG = 295 vs. IG = 255, p = 0.032); the Bifidobacterium genera presented a higher relative abundance. A significantly higher α-diversity was observed in IG infant gut (observed features: CG = 73 vs. IG = 113, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that the microbiome might mediate observed relaxation intervention effects via gut-brain axis and entero-mammary pathways; but confirmation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Yu
- Childhood Nutrition Research Group, Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.Y.); (J.C.K.W.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Microbiota Division, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Group, Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.Y.); (J.C.K.W.)
| | - Zhuang Wei
- Department of Child Healthcare, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China;
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | | | - Mary S. Fewtrell
- Childhood Nutrition Research Group, Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.Y.); (J.C.K.W.)
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Valle A, Castillo P, García-Rodríguez A, Palou A, Palou M, Picó C. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Potential Mediator of the Beneficial Effects of Myo-Inositol Supplementation during Suckling in the Offspring of Gestational-Calorie-Restricted Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:980. [PMID: 38613013 PMCID: PMC11013066 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of myo-inositol (MI) supplementation during suckling against the detrimental effects of fetal energy restriction described in animal studies, particularly focusing on the potential connections with BDNF signaling. Oral physiological doses of MI or the vehicle were given daily to the offspring of control (CON) and 25%-calorie-restricted (CR) pregnant rats during suckling. The animals were weaned and then fed a standard diet until 5 months of age, when the diet was switched to a Western diet until 7 months of age. At 25 days and 7 months of age, the plasma BDNF levels and mRNA expression were analyzed in the hypothalamus and three adipose tissue depots. MI supplementation, especially in the context of gestational calorie restriction, promoted BDNF secretion and signaling at a juvenile age and in adulthood, which was more evident in the male offspring of the CR dams than in females. Moreover, the CR animals supplemented with MI exhibited a stimulated anorexigenic signaling pathway in the hypothalamus, along with improved peripheral glucose management and enhanced browning capacity. These findings suggest a novel connection between MI supplementation during suckling, BDNF signaling, and metabolic programming, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of MI during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Castillo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zhong P, Yang Y, Han T, Huang W, Liu Y, Gong G, Huang L, Lu Y, Wang Z. Comparative Analysis of Free and Glycoconjugates Oligosaccharide Content in Milk from Different Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:670-678. [PMID: 38135877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is important for infant growth, and oligosaccharides are one of its main functional nutrients. To enable a systematic comparison of free oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate content in milk from different species, the phenol-sulfuric acid and resorcinol assays were combined to determine the content. Using real samples, the method revealed that human milk contained the highest amount of total, neutral (9.84 ± 0.31 g/L), and sialylated (3.21 ± 0.11 g/L) free oligosaccharides, followed by goat milk, with neutral (0.135 ± 0.015 g/L) and sialylated (0.192 ± 0.016 g/L) free oligosaccharides and at a distance by bovine and yak milk. The highest total glycoconjugate content was detected in yak milk (0.798 ± 0.011 g/L), followed by human, bovine, and goat milk. These findings suggest that goat milk is the best source of free oligosaccharides in infant formula and functional dairy products and yak milk is the best source of glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Zhong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuerong Yang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianjiao Han
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Mao L, Gao B, Chang H, Shen H. Interaction and Metabolic Pathways: Elucidating the Role of Gut Microbiota in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis. Metabolites 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38248846 PMCID: PMC10819307 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic condition during pregnancy with an intricate link to gut microbiota alterations. Throughout gestation, notable shifts in the gut microbial component occur. GDM is marked by significant dysbiosis, with a decline in beneficial taxa like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and a surge in opportunistic taxa such as Enterococcus. These changes, detectable in the first trimester, hint as the potential early markers for GDM risk. Alongside these taxa shifts, microbial metabolic outputs, especially short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, are perturbed in GDM. These metabolites play pivotal roles in host glucose regulation, insulin responsiveness, and inflammation modulation, which are the key pathways disrupted in GDM. Moreover, maternal GDM status influences neonatal gut microbiota, indicating potential intergenerational health implications. With the advance of multi-omics approaches, a deeper understanding of the nuanced microbiota-host interactions via metabolites in GDM is emerging. The reviewed knowledge offers avenues for targeted microbiota-based interventions, holding promise for innovative strategies in GDM diagnosis, management, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.M.); (B.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Biling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.M.); (B.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Hao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.M.); (B.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (L.M.); (B.G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
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Lee YG, Jo HY, Lee DH, Yoon JW, Song YH, Kweon DH, Kim KH, Park YC, Seo JH. De novo biosynthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose by bioengineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300461. [PMID: 37968827 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) which is well-known human milk oligosaccharide was biotechnologically synthesized using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS microbial workhorse. By construction of the complete de novo pathway for GDP-L-fucose supply and heterologous expression of Escherichia coli lactose permease and Helicobacter pylori α-1,2-fucosyltransferase, bioengineered C. glutamicum BCGW_TL successfully biosynthesized 0.25 g L-1 2'-FL from glucose. The additional genetic perturbations including the expression of a putative 2'-FL exporter and disruption of the chromosomal pfkA gene allowed C. glutamicum BCGW_cTTLEΔP to produce 2.5 g L-1 2'-FL batchwise. Finally, optimized fed-batch cultivation of the BCGW_cTTLEΔP using glucose, fructose, and lactose resulted in 21.5 g L-1 2'-FL production with a productivity of 0.12 g L-1 •h, which were more than 3.3 times higher value relative to the batch culture of the BCGW_TL. Conclusively, it would be a groundwork to adopt C. glutamicum for biotechnological production of other food additives including human milk oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Gi Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology and Center for Bioconvergence, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Yong Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Haeng Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Won Yoon
- Advanced Protein Technologies Corp. Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Young-Ha Song
- Advanced Protein Technologies Corp. Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Park
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology and Center for Bioconvergence, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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King WR, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Qi W, Cherico N, Cooke L, Köhler JR, Patton-Vogt J. Glycerophosphocholine provision rescues Candida albicans growth and signaling phenotypes associated with phosphate limitation. mSphere 2023; 8:e0023123. [PMID: 37843297 PMCID: PMC10732039 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00231-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species from patients suffering from invasive fungal disease. C. albicans is most commonly a commensal organism colonizing a variety of niches in the human host. The fungus must compete for resources with the host flora to acquire essential nutrients such as phosphate. Phosphate acquisition and homeostasis have been shown to play a key role in C. albicans virulence, with several genes involved in these processes being required for normal virulence and several being upregulated during infection. In addition to inorganic phosphate (Pi), C. albicans can utilize the lipid-derived metabolite glycerophosphocholine (GPC) as a phosphate source. As GPC is available within the human host, we examined the role of GPC in phosphate homeostasis in C. albicans. We find that GPC can substitute for Pi by many though not all criteria and is likely a relevant physiological phosphate source for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Cherico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia R. Köhler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Wang A, Diana A, Rahmannia S, Gibson RS, Houghton LA, Slupsky CM. Impact of milk secretor status on the fecal metabolome and microbiota of breastfed infants. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257273. [PMID: 37741856 PMCID: PMC10519369 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal secretor status has been shown to be associated with the presence of specific fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and the impact of maternal secretor status on infant gut microbiota measured through 16s sequencing has previously been reported. None of those studies have confirmed exclusive breastfeeding nor investigated the impact of maternal secretor status on gut microbial fermentation products. The present study focused on exclusively breastfed (EBF) Indonesian infants, with exclusive breastfeeding validated through the stable isotope deuterium oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) technique, and the impact of maternal secretor status on the infant fecal microbiome and metabolome. Maternal secretor status did not alter the within-community (alpha) diversity, between-community (beta) diversity, or the relative abundance of bacterial taxa at the genus level. However, infants fed milk from secretor (Se+) mothers exhibited a lower level of fecal succinate, amino acids and their derivatives, and a higher level of 1,2-propanediol when compared to infants fed milk from non-secretor (Se-) mothers. Interestingly, for infants consuming milk from Se+ mothers, there was a correlation between the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus, and between each of these genera and fecal metabolites that was not observed in infants receiving milk from Se- mothers. Our findings indicate that the secretor status of the mother impacts the gut microbiome of the exclusively breastfed infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aly Diana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Rahmannia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, Indonesia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Francese R, Peila C, Donalisio M, Lamberti C, Cirrincione S, Colombi N, Tonetto P, Cavallarin L, Bertino E, Moro GE, Coscia A, Lembo D. Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection? Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1389-1415. [PMID: 37604306 PMCID: PMC10721544 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is considered the best source of nutrition for infant growth and health. This nourishment is unique and changes constantly during lactation to adapt to the physiological needs of the developing infant. It is also recognized as a potential route of transmission of some viral pathogens although the presence of a virus in HM rarely leads to a disease in an infant. This intriguing paradox can be explained by considering the intrinsic antiviral properties of HM. In this comprehensive and schematically presented review, we have described what viruses have been detected in HM so far and what their potential transmission risk through breastfeeding is. We have provided a description of all the antiviral compounds of HM, along with an analysis of their demonstrated and hypothesized mechanisms of action. Finally, we have also analyzed the impact of HM pasteurization and storage methods on the detection and transmission of viruses, and on the antiviral compounds of HM. We have highlighted that there is currently a deep knowledge on the potential transmission of viral pathogens through breastfeeding and on the antiviral properties of HM. The current evidence suggests that, in most cases, it is unnecessarily to deprive an infant of this high-quality nourishment and that the continuation of breastfeeding is in the best interest of the infant and the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Peila
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Cristina Lamberti
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Biblioteca Federata di Medicina "Ferdinando Rossi", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of the Science of Food Production - National Research Council, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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12
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Marousez L, Ichou F, Lesnik P, Tran LC, De Lamballerie M, Gottrand F, Ley D, Lesage J. Short-chain fatty acids levels in human milk are not affected by holder pasteurization and high hydrostatic pressure processing. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1120008. [PMID: 37842027 PMCID: PMC10570738 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilized donor milk (DM) is frequently used for feeding preterm infants. To date, the effect of different modes of DM sterilization on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains unknown. We aimed to quantify SCFAs in DM samples after two types of milk sterilization: the Holder pasteurization (HoP) and a high hydrostatic pressure (HP) processing. Eight pooled DM samples were sterilized by HoP (62.5°C for 30 min) or processed by HP (350 MPa at 38°C). Raw DM was used as control. Six SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compared to raw milk, both HoP and HP treatment did not significantly modulate the concentration of acetate, butyrate, propionate and isovalerate in DM. Valerate and isobutyrate were undetectable in DM samples. In conclusion, both HoP and HP processing preserved milk SCFAs at their initial levels in raw human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marousez
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Farid Ichou
- ICAN Omics, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S1166, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- ICAN Omics, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S1166, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Léa Chantal Tran
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children’s Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Ley
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children’s Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, Lille, France
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13
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Zhou Y, Xie L, Schröder J, Schuster IS, Nakai M, Sun G, Sun YBY, Mariño E, Degli-Esposti MA, Marques FZ, Grubman A, Polo JM, Mackay CR. Dietary Fiber and Microbiota Metabolite Receptors Enhance Cognition and Alleviate Disease in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6460-6475. [PMID: 37596052 PMCID: PMC10506626 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with poorly understood etiology. AD has several similarities with other "Western lifestyle" inflammatory diseases, where the gut microbiome and immune pathways have been associated. Previously, we and others have noted the involvement of metabolite-sensing GPCRs and their ligands, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in protection of numerous Western diseases in mouse models, such as Type I diabetes and hypertension. Depletion of GPR43, GPR41, or GPR109A accelerates disease, whereas high SCFA yielding diets protect in mouse models. Here, we extended the concept that metabolite-sensing receptors and SCFAs may be a more common protective mechanism against Western diseases by studying their role in AD pathogenesis in the 5xFAD mouse model. Both male and female mice were included. Depletion of GPR41 and GPR43 accelerated cognitive decline and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in 5xFAD and WT mice. Lack of fiber/SCFAs accelerated a memory deficit, whereas diets supplemented with high acetate and butyrate (HAMSAB) delayed cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. Fiber intake impacted on microglial morphology in WT mice and microglial clustering phenotype in 5xFAD mice. Lack of fiber impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both W and AD mice. Finally, maternal dietary fiber intake significantly affects offspring's cognitive functions in 5xFAD mice and microglial transcriptome in both WT and 5xFAD mice, suggesting that SCFAs may exert their effect during pregnancy and lactation. Together, metabolite-sensing GPCRs and SCFAs are essential for protection against AD, and reveal a new strategy for disease prevention.Significance Statement Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases; currently, there is no cure for AD. In our study, short-chain fatty acids and metabolite receptors play an important role in cognitive function and pathology in AD mouse model as well as in WT mice. SCFAs also impact on microglia transcriptome, and immune cell recruitment. Out study indicates the potential of specialized diets (supplemented with high acetate and butyrate) releasing high amounts of SCFAs to protect against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jan Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6009
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China, 6009
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14
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Jochum F, Meyer-Krott M, Hübler T, Lorenz M, Bedikian R, Zakarian J, Litzka A, Judex G, Hertzberg H, Klee D, Maurer L, Schacht M, Al-Radhi A, Maier J, Kröckel A, Faustmann C, Lavalle L, Dahbane S. Real-world evidence study on tolerance and growth in infants fed an infant formula with two human milk oligosaccharides vs mixed fed and exclusively breastfed infants. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:7. [PMID: 37597076 PMCID: PMC10439867 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important components of human milk having diverse functions in the development of infants. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that infant formulas with the HMOs 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) are safe, well-tolerated, and support normal growth. This study aimed to generate real-world evidence (RWE) on growth and gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance in infants consuming a formula with 1 g/L 2'FL and 0.5 g/L LNnT, including a mixed feeding group not studied before in RCTs. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This 8-week open-label prospective multicenter study was conducted in Germany and Austria, and included groups of healthy, exclusively breastfed infants (BF), exclusively formula-fed infants (FF) who received the HMO-formula, and infants mixed fed with both HMO formula and human milk (MF). Co-primary outcomes were anthropometry and gastrointestinal tolerance via validated Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ). Secondary outcomes included formula satisfaction and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS One-hundred six infants completed the study (46 FF, 22 MF, and 38 BF). Mean anthropometric z-scores were comparable between groups and generally within ± 0.5 of WHO medians at week 8. IGSQ composite scores demonstrated good GI tolerance in all groups with no significant group differences at week 4 or 8. IGSQ composite scores in FF improved during the course of the study and parents provided high satisfaction ratings for the HMO-formula. Four potentially product-related AEs were reported in FF (no in MF). CONCLUSIONS In this RWE study examining an infant formula with HMOs, growth and GI tolerance outcomes were confirming the good tolerance and safety of this early feeding option previously reported in RCTs.
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Grants
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
- NCT05150288 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jochum
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Ev. Waldkrankenhaus Spandau Stadtrandstr. 555, 13589, Berlin und Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg - Theodor Fontane (MHB), 16816, Neuruppin, Germany.
| | | | - Tina Hübler
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxis, Clemensstraße 4, 47608, Geldern, Germany
| | - Maja Lorenz
- Kinder- und Jugendarzt, Venloer Straße 67, 41751, Viersen, Germany
| | - Raffi Bedikian
- Kinder- und Jugendärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis, Eugen-Zur-Nieden-Ring 1, 46145, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Joseph Zakarian
- Kinderarztpraxis, Suitbertusstr. 31, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Litzka
- Facharztpraxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Regensburger Str. 40, 93133, Burglengenfeld, Germany
| | - Guido Judex
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit Regensburg, Dr.-Leo-Ritter-Str. 4, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Holger Hertzberg
- Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxis, Ludwigstraße 4, 91126, Schwabach, Germany
| | - Daniela Klee
- Kinder- und Jugendarzt, Röntgen-Str. 6, 68642, Bürstadt, Germany
| | - Lothar Maurer
- Fachärzte für Säuglings-, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Welschgasse 39, 67227, Frankenthal, Germany
| | - Martin Schacht
- Facharzt für Säuglings-, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Schwachhauser Heerstr. 63a, 28211, Bremen, Germany
| | - Adnan Al-Radhi
- Kinder- und Jugendarzt Al-Radhi, Winckelhoferstrasse 3, 89584, Ehingen, Germany
| | - Jan Maier
- Kinder und Jugendarztpraxis, Geranienstr. 11, 70771, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kröckel
- Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxis, Schwarzwurzelstraße 52/54, 12689, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Faustmann
- Facharzt für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Wiener Strasse 8a, 7400, Oberwart, Austria
| | - Luca Lavalle
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samir Dahbane
- Global Medical Affairs, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland
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15
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Luis AS, Hansson GC. Intestinal mucus and their glycans: A habitat for thriving microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1087-1100. [PMID: 37442097 PMCID: PMC10348403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major component of mucus is MUC2, a glycoprotein that is extensively decorated, especially with O-glycans. In the intestine, goblet cells are specialized in controlling glycosylation and making mucus. Some microbiota members are known to encode multiple proteins that are predicted to bind and/or cleave mucin glycans. The interactions between commensal microbiota and host mucins drive intestinal colonization, while at the same time, the microbiota can utilize the glycans on mucins and affect the colonic mucus properties. This review will examine this interaction between commensal microbes and intestinal mucins and discuss how this interplay affects health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Luis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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McClorry S, Ji P, Parenti MG, Slupsky CM. Antibiotics augment the impact of iron deficiency on metabolism in a piglet model. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109405. [PMID: 37311489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infancy and childhood represent a high-risk period for developing iron deficiency (ID) and is a period of increased susceptibility to infectious disease. Antibiotic use is high in children from low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and thus we sought to determine the impact of antibiotics in the context of ID. In this study, a piglet model was used to assess the impact of ID and antibiotics on systemic metabolism. ID was induced by withholding a ferrous sulfate injection after birth to piglets in the ID group and providing an iron deficient diet upon weaning on postnatal day (PD) 25. Antibiotics (gentamicin and spectinomycin) were administered on PD34-36 to a set of control (Con*+Abx) and ID piglets (ID+Abx) after weaning. Blood was analyzed on PD30 (before antibiotic administration) and PD43 (7 days after antibiotic administration). All ID piglets exhibited growth faltering and had lower hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to control (Con) and Con*+Abx throughout. The metabolome of ID piglets at weaning and sacrifice exhibited elevated markers of oxidative stress, ketosis, and ureagenesis compared to Con. The impact of antibiotics on Con*+Abx piglets did not result in significant changes to the serum metabolome 7-days after treatment; however, the impact of antibiotics on ID+Abx piglets resulted in the same metabolic changes observed in ID piglets, but with a greater magnitude when compared to Con. These results suggest that antibiotic administration in the context of ID exacerbates the negative metabolic impacts of ID and may have long lasting impacts on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McClorry
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mariana G Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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17
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Aguilera‐Gómez M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Prieto Maradona M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Schlatter JR, Siskos A, van Loveren H, Colombo P, Noriega Fernández E, Knutsen HK. Safety of 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) produced by a derivative strain of Escherichia coli K-12 DH1 as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08026. [PMID: 37304347 PMCID: PMC10248826 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3-FL, but it also contains d-lactose, l-fucose, 3-fucosyllactulose and a small fraction of other related saccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation by a genetically modified strain (Escherichia coli K-12 DH1 MDO MAP1834) of E. coli K-12 DH1 (DSM 4235). The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF to a variety of foods, including infant formula and follow-on formula, food for special medical purposes and food supplements (FS). The target population is the general population. The anticipated daily intake of 3-FL from both proposed and combined (authorised and proposed) uses at their respective maximum use levels in all population categories does not exceed the highest intake level of 3-FL from human milk in infants on a body weight basis. The intake of 3-FL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis is expected to be safe also for other population groups. The intake of other carbohydrate-type compounds structurally related to 3-FL is also considered of no safety concern. FS are not intended to be used if other foods with added 3-FL or human milk are consumed on the same day. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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18
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Sharif S, Oddie SJ, Heath PT, McGuire W. Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 6:CD015133. [PMID: 37262358 PMCID: PMC10234253 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015133.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with prebiotic oligosaccharides to modulate the intestinal microbiome has been proposed as a strategy to reduce the risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and associated mortality and morbidity in very preterm or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of enteral supplementation with prebiotics (versus placebo or no treatment) for preventing NEC and associated morbidity and mortality in very preterm or VLBW infants. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, the Maternity and Infant Care database and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), from the earliest records to July 2022. We searched clinical trials databases and conference proceedings, and examined the reference lists of retrieved articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing prebiotics with placebo or no prebiotics in very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or VLBW (< 1500 g) infants. The primary outcomes were NEC and all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were late-onset invasive infection, duration of hospitalisation since birth, and neurodevelopmental impairment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors separately evaluated risk of bias of the trials, extracted data, and synthesised effect estimates using risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD), and mean difference (MD), with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcomes of interest were NEC and all-cause mortality; our secondary outcome measures were late-onset (> 48 hours after birth) invasive infection, duration of hospitalisation, and neurodevelopmental impairment. We used the GRADE approach to assess the level of certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included seven trials in which a total of 705 infants participated. All the trials were small (mean sample size 100). Lack of clarity on methods to conceal allocation and mask caregivers or investigators were potential sources of bias in three of the trials. The studied prebiotics were fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, and lactulose, typically administered daily with enteral feeds during birth hospitalisation. Meta-analyses of data from seven trials (686 infants) suggest that prebiotics may result in little or no difference in NEC (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.56; RD none fewer per 1000, 95% CI 50 fewer to 40 more; low-certainty evidence), all-cause mortality (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.92; 40 per 1000 fewer, 95% CI 70 fewer to none fewer; low-certainty evidence), or late-onset invasive infection (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.06; 50 per 1000 fewer, 95% CI 100 fewer to 10 more; low-certainty evidence) prior to hospital discharge. The certainty of this evidence is low because of concerns about the risk of bias in some trials and the imprecision of the effect size estimates. The data available from one trial provided only very low-certainty evidence about the effect of prebiotics on measures of neurodevelopmental impairment (Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) Mental Development Index score < 85: RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.90; very low-certainty evidence; BSID Psychomotor Development Index score < 85: RR 0.24, 95% 0.03 to 2.00; very low-certainty evidence; cerebral palsy: RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.35; very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available trial data provide low-certainty evidence about the effects of prebiotics on the risk of NEC, all-cause mortality before discharge, and invasive infection, and very low-certainty evidence about the effect on neurodevelopmental impairment for very preterm or VLBW infants. Our confidence in the effect estimates is limited; the true effects may be substantially different. Large, high-quality trials are needed to provide evidence of sufficient validity to inform policy and practice decisions.
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Key Words
- humans
- infant, newborn
- enterocolitis, necrotizing
- enterocolitis, necrotizing/etiology
- enterocolitis, necrotizing/prevention & control
- infant, extremely premature
- infant, premature, diseases
- infant, premature, diseases/etiology
- infant, premature, diseases/prevention & control
- infant, very low birth weight
- infections
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sharif
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sam J Oddie
- Bradford Neonatology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Paul T Heath
- Division of Child Health and Vaccine Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - William McGuire
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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19
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Stinson LF, George AD. Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030422. [PMID: 36984862 PMCID: PMC10054125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional milk analyses, it is important to consider the origins of these compounds. The current review aims to provide a summary of the existing evidence on the sources of human milk lipids and small metabolites. Here, we describe five major sources of milk lipids and metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by the milk microbiota, dietary consumption, release from non-mammary tissue, and production by the gut microbiota. We synthesize the literature to provide evidence and understanding of these pathways in the context of mammary gland biology. We recommend future research focus areas to elucidate milk lipid and small metabolite synthesis and transport pathways. Better understanding of the origins of human milk lipids and metabolites is important to improve translation of milk omics research, particularly regarding the modulation of these important milk components to improve infant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Alexandra D. George
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Kahraman M, Yurtseven S, Sakar E, Daş A, Yalçın H, Güngören G, Boyraz MÜ, Koyuncu İ. Pistachio, Pomegranate and Olive Byproducts Added to Sheep Rations Change the Biofunctional Properties of Milk through the Milk Amino Acid Profile. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:124-138. [PMID: 36789194 PMCID: PMC9890361 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of adding pistachio shell (PIS), pomegranate hull (POM), and olive pulp (OP) to the diet on milk amino acid and fatty acid parameters in Awassi sheep. In the study, 40 head of Awassi sheep, which gave birth at least twice, were used as animal material. Sheep were fed a control diet without added byproducts (CON), rations containing PIS, POM, and OP. Milk amino acid profile was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, milk fatty acid gas chromatography-flame ionization detection device. There was a dramatic reduction in alanine, citrulline, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, ornithine and alphaaminoadipic acid in the research groups. In the PIS group, argininosuccinic acid, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine and sarcosine; In the POM group, asparagine, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine, and taurine; In the OP group, a significant positive increase was found in terms of alanine, histidine, gammaminobutyric acid, and taurine amino acids. The applications in the study did not have a statistically significant effect on the ratio of short, medium and long chain fatty acids in milk (p>0.05). In the presented study, it was determined that PIS, POM, and OP, which were added to the sheep rations at a rate of 5%, caused significant changes in the milk amino acid profiles. In this change in milk amino acid profiles, the benefit-harm relationship should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Kahraman
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey,Corresponding author:
Mücahit Kahraman, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey, Tel:
+90-414-318-3918, Fax: +90-414-318-3922, E-mail:
| | - Sabri Yurtseven
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
| | - Ebru Sakar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of
Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
| | - Aydın Daş
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Hamza Yalçın
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of
Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
| | - Gülşah Güngören
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ünal Boyraz
- Histology Department, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Harran University,
Şanlıurfa 63300, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63300,
Turkey
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21
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Colombo P, Noriega Fernández E, Knutsen HK. Safety of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) produced by a derivative strain (APC199) of Corynebacterium glutamicumATCC 13032 as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07647. [PMID: 36531695 PMCID: PMC9749449 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 2'-FL, but it also contains d-lactose, l-fucose, 3-fucosyllactose, difucosyllactose, d-glucose and d-galactose. The NF is produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain (APC199) of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. 2'-FL, when chemically synthesised or produced by fermentation with derivative strains of Escherichia coli K-12 DH1 or E. coli BL21 (DE3), is already authorised and included in the EU list of NFs. This application refers to a change in the production process and specifications, while target population, conditions of use and consequently, the anticipated intake remain unchanged. The information provided on the identity, production process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The intake of other carbohydrate-type compounds structurally related to 2'-FL is also considered of no safety concern. In line with other milk oligosaccharides that are natural components of human milk, the safety assessment of this NF is mainly based on the comparison between the intake of breastfed infants and the estimated intake as NF. Given that the NF would be consumed at the same extent as the already authorised 2'-FL, the Panel considers that the consumption of the NF at the proposed uses and use levels does not raise safety concerns. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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22
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Zhang W, Vervoort J, Pan J, Gao P, Zhu H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Li Y, Pang X, Zhang S, Jiang S, Lu J, Lyu J. Comparison of twelve human milk oligosaccharides in mature milk from different areas in China in the Chinese Human Milk Project (CHMP) study. Food Chem 2022; 395:133554. [PMID: 35830777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as a vital role in the development of infant's gut microbiome and immune function. This study aimed to measure 12 oligosaccharides in milk from Chinese donors (n = 203), and evaluated the influences of multiple factors on the HMOs profiles. The results indicated that concentrations of 6'-sialyllactose were the highest among 12 oligosaccharides (2.31 ± 0.81 g/L). HMOs concentrations varied depending on geographical location. Latitude was observed to be related to concentrations of Lacto-N-neohexaose, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, 3'-sialyllactose (r = -0.67, r = +0.63 and r = +0.50, respectively). Environmental factors like seasons correlated with lacto-N-difucohexaose Ⅱ, Lacto-N-neohexaose and 2'-fucosyllactose (r = -0.47, r = -0.4, r = -0.35, respectively). Several HMOs concentrations were correlated with maternal diet. As a consequence, the HMOs profiles measured were influenced by geographical, environmental, maternal anthropometric as well as dietary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiancun Pan
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huiquan Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Baorong Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Feihe Research Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiaping Lyu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China.
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23
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Yao Q, Gao Y, Fan L, Wang J, Zheng N. 2'-Fucosyllactose Remits Colitis-Induced Liver Oxygen Stress through the Gut-Liver-Metabolites Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194186. [PMID: 36235838 PMCID: PMC9572607 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver oxygen stress is one of the main extraintestinal manifestations of colitis and 5% of cases develop into a further liver injury and metabolic disease. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a main member of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), has been found to exert efficient impacts on remitting colitis. However, whether 2′-FL exerts the function to alleviate colitis-induced liver injury and how 2′-FL influences the metabolism via regulating gut microbiota remain unknown. Herein, in our study, liver oxygen stress was measured by measuring liver weight and oxygen-stress-related indicators. Then, 16S full-length sequencing analysis and non-target metabolome in feces were performed to evaluate the overall responses of metabolites and intestinal bacteria after being treated with 2′-FL (400 mg/kg b.w.) in colitis mice. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the liver weight of colitis mice was significantly decreased by 18.30% (p < 0.05). After 2′-FL treatment, the liver weight was significantly increased by 12.65% compared with colitis mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, they exhibited higher levels of oxidation in liver tissue with decreasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (decreased by 17.15%) and glutathione (GSH) levels (dropped by 22.68%) and an increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level (increased by 36.24%), and 2′-FL treatment could reverse those tendencies. Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that there were 39 species/genera differentially enriched in the control, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), and DSS + 2′-FL groups. After treatment with 2′-FL, the intestinal metabolic patterns, especially glycometabolism and the lipid-metabolism-related process, in DSS mice were strikingly altered with 33 metabolites significantly down-regulated and 26 metabolites up-regulated. Further analysis found DSS induced a 40.01%, 41.12%, 43.81%, and 39.86% decline in acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colitis mice (all p < 0.05), respectively, while these were up-regulated to different degrees in the DSS + 2′-FL group. By co-analyzing the data of gut microbiota and metabolites, glycometabolism and lipid-metabolism-associated metabolites exhibited strong positive/negative relationships with Akkermansia_muciniphila (all p < 0.01) and Paraprevotella spp. (all p < 0.01), suggesting that the two species might play crucial roles in the process of 2′-FL alleviating colitis-induced liver oxygen stress. In conclusion, in the gut−liver−microbiotas axis, 2′-FL mediated in glucose and lipid-related metabolism and alleviated liver oxygen stress via regulating gut microbiota in the DSS-induced colitis model. The above results provide a new perspective to understand the probiotic function of 2′-FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2# Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2# Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2# Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2# Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2# Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62816069; Fax: +86-10-62897587
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24
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Lin A, Yan X, Wang H, Su Y, Zhu W. Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk supplementation on ileal microbiota, transcriptomic profile, and mucosal immunity in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:113. [PMID: 36199127 PMCID: PMC9536082 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) participating in milk fermentation naturally release and enrich the fermented dairy product with a broad range of bioactive metabolites, which has numerous roles in the intestinal health-promoting of the consumer. However, information is lacking regarding the application prospect of LAB fermented milk in the animal industry. This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk (LFM) on the growth performance, intestinal immunity, microbiota composition, and transcriptomic responses in weaned piglets. A total of 24 male weaned piglets were randomly divided into the control (CON) and LFM groups. Each group consisted of 6 replicates (cages) with 2 piglets per cage. Each piglet in the LFM group were supplemented with 80 mL LFM three times a day, while the CON group was treated with the same amount of drinking water. RESULTS LFM significantly increased the average daily gain of piglets over the entire 14 d (P < 0.01) and the average daily feed intake from 7 to 14 d (P < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, ileal goblet cell count, villus-crypt ratio, sIgA, and lactate concentrations in the LFM group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of ileal mucosa identified 487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups. Especially, DEGs involved in the intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways, such as polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01) by LFM supplementation. Moreover, trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) in the LFM group, one of the DEGs involved in the secretory function of goblet cells, was also significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of microbiota demonstrated that LFM led to selective enrichment of lactate-producing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in the ileum, such as an increase in the relative abundance of Enterococcus (P = 0.09) and Acetitomaculum (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LFM can improve intestinal health and immune tolerance, thus enhancing the growth performance of weaned piglets. The changes in microbiota and metabolites induced by LFM might mediate the regulation of the secretory function of goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China. .,National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.,National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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25
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Laufer BI, Hasegawa Y, Zhang Z, Hogrefe CE, Del Rosso LA, Haapanen L, Hwang H, Bauman MD, Van de Water J, Taha AY, Slupsky CM, Golub MS, Capitanio JP, VandeVoort CA, Walker CK, LaSalle JM. Multi-omic brain and behavioral correlates of cell-free fetal DNA methylation in macaque maternal obesity models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5538. [PMID: 36130949 PMCID: PMC9492781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) risk. We utilized integrative multi-omics to examine maternal obesity effects on offspring neurodevelopment in rhesus macaques by comparison to lean controls and two interventions. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from longitudinal maternal blood-derived cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) significantly overlapped with DMRs from infant brain. The DMRs were enriched for neurodevelopmental functions, methylation-sensitive developmental transcription factor motifs, and human NDD DMRs identified from brain and placenta. Brain and cffDNA methylation levels from a large region overlapping mir-663 correlated with maternal obesity, metabolic and immune markers, and infant behavior. A DUX4 hippocampal co-methylation network correlated with maternal obesity, infant behavior, infant hippocampal lipidomic and metabolomic profiles, and maternal blood measurements of DUX4 cffDNA methylation, cytokines, and metabolites. We conclude that in this model, maternal obesity was associated with changes in the infant brain and behavior, and these differences were detectable in pregnancy through integrative analyses of cffDNA methylation with immune and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Laufer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Casey E Hogrefe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Laura A Del Rosso
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lori Haapanen
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hyeyeon Hwang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mari S Golub
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John P Capitanio
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A VandeVoort
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cheryl K Walker
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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26
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The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Neonatal Regulatory T Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183670. [PMID: 36145046 PMCID: PMC9503436 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the first weeks of life, the neonatal gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonised by a diverse range of microbial species that come to form the ‘gut microbiota’. Microbial colonisation of the neonatal gut is a well-established regulator of several physiological processes that contribute to immunological protection in postnatal life, including the development of the intestinal mucosa and adaptive immunity. However, the specific microbiota-derived signals that mediate these processes have not yet been fully characterised. Accumulating evidence suggests short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), end-products of intestinal bacterial metabolism, as one of the key mediators of immune development in early life. Critical to neonatal health is the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells that promote and maintain immunological tolerance against self and innocuous antigens. Several studies have shown that SCFAs can induce the differentiation and expansion of Tregs but also mediate pathological effects in abnormal amounts. However, the exact mechanisms through which SCFAs regulate Treg development and pathologies in early life remain poorly defined. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge surrounding SCFAs and their potential impact on the neonatal immune system with a particular focus on Tregs, and the possible mechanisms through which SCFAs achieve their immune modulatory effect.
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Kortesniemi M, Jafari T, Zhang Y, Yang B. 1H NMR Metabolomics of Chinese Human Milk at Different Stages of Lactation among Secretors and Non-Secretors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175526. [PMID: 36080292 PMCID: PMC9458218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is an intricate, bioactive food promoting infant health. We studied the composition of human milk samples collected over an 8-month lactation using 1H NMR metabolomics. A total of 72 human breast milk samples were collected from ten Chinese mothers at eight different time points. The concentrations of ten human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), fucose and lactose were quantified. Six of the mothers were classified as Lewis-positive secretors (Se+Le+) and four as Lewis-positive non-secretors (Se−Le+) based on the levels of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) II, lactodifucotetraose (LDFT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Acetate, citrate, short/medium-chain fatty acids, glutamine and urea showed a time-dependent trend in relation to the stage of lactation. The concentrations of 2′-FL, 3-FL (3-fucosyllactose), 3′-SL (3′-sialyllactose), LDFT, LNFP I, LNFP II, LNFP III, LNnT, LNT (lacto-N-tetraose), and fucose were statistically different between secretors and non-secretors. A temporal difference of approximately 1–2 months between the development of non-secretor and secretor HMO profiles was shown. The results highlighted the importance of long-term breastfeeding, especially among non-secretors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Kortesniemi
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tahereh Jafari
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Sciences, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Kijner S, Kolodny O, Yassour M. Human milk oligosaccharides and the infant gut microbiome from an eco-evolutionary perspective. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 68:102156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Poulsen KO, Meng F, Lanfranchi E, Young JF, Stanton C, Ryan CA, Kelly AL, Sundekilde UK. Dynamic Changes in the Human Milk Metabolome Over 25 Weeks of Lactation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917659. [PMID: 35911093 PMCID: PMC9331903 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) provides essential nutrition for ensuring optimal infant growth and development postpartum. Metabolomics offers insight into the dynamic composition of HM. Studies have reported the impact of lactation stage, maternal genotype, and gestational age on HM metabolome. However, the majority of the studies have considered changes within the first month of lactation or sampled with large intervals. This leaves a gap in the knowledge of progressing variation in HM composition beyond the first month of lactation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the HM metabolome from mothers with term deliveries varies beyond 1 month of lactation, during the period in which HM is considered fully mature. Human milk samples (n = 101) from 59 mothers were collected at weeks 1–2, 3–5, 7–9, and 20–25 postpartum and analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Several metabolites varied over lactation and exhibited dynamic changes between multiple time points. Higher levels of HM oligosaccharides, cis-aconitate, O-phosphocholine, O-acetylcarnitine, gluconate, and citric acid were observed in early lactation, whereas later in lactation, levels of lactose, 3-fucosyllactose, glutamine, glutamate, and short- and medium-chain fatty acids were increased. Notably, we demonstrate that the HM metabolome is dynamic during the period of maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Overgaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Katrine Overgaard Poulsen,
| | - Fanyu Meng
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisa Lanfranchi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- ACIB – Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - C. Anthony Ryan
- Brookfield School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan L. Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gregg B, Ellsworth L, Pavela G, Shah K, Berger PK, Isganaitis E, VanOmen S, Demerath EW, Fields DA. Bioactive compounds in mothers milk affecting offspring outcomes: A narrative review. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12892. [PMID: 35060344 PMCID: PMC9177518 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to the exhaustive study of transgenerational programming of obesity and diabetes through exposures in the prenatal period, postnatal programming mechanisms are understudied, including the potential role of breast milk composition linking maternal metabolic status (body mass index and diabetes) and offspring growth, metabolic health and future disease risk. METHODS This narrative review will principally focus on four emergent bioactive compounds [microRNA's (miRNA), lipokines/signalling lipids, small molecules/metabolites and fructose] that, until recently were not known to exist in breast milk. The objective of this narrative review is to integrate evidence across multiple fields of study that demonstrate the importance of these compositional elements of breast milk during lactation and the subsequent effect of breast milk components on the health of the infant. RESULTS Current knowledge on the presence of miRNA's, lipokines/signalling lipids, small molecules/metabolites and fructose in breast milk and their associations with infant outcomes is compelling, but far from resolved. Two themes emerge: (1) maternal metabolic phenotypes are associated with these bioactives and (2) though existing in milk at low concentrations, they are also associated with offspring growth and body composition. CONCLUSION Breast milk research is gaining momentum though we must remain focused on understanding how non-nutritive bioactive components are affected by the maternal phenotype, how they subsequently impact infant outcomes. Though early, there is evidence to suggest fructose is associated with fat mass in the 1st months of life whereas 12,13 diHOME (brown fat activator) and betaine are negatively associated with early adiposity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsay Ellsworth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kruti Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Paige K. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elvira Isganaitis
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Sheri VanOmen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A. Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Correspondence to: Address: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 Children's Avenue Suite 4500, Oklahoma City, OK73104, USA
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Colombo P, Noriega Fernández E, Knutsen HK. Safety of 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) produced by a derivative strain of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) as a Novel Food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07329. [PMID: 35646167 PMCID: PMC9131588 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human‐identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3‐FL, but it also contains d‐lactose, l‐fucose, d‐glucose and d‐galactose, and a small fraction of other related saccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF to a variety of foods, including infant formula and follow‐on formula, food for infants and young children, food for special medical purposes and food supplements. The target population is the general population. The anticipated daily intake of 3‐FL from both proposed and combined (authorised and proposed) uses at their respective maximum use levels in all population categories does not exceed the highest intake level of 3‐FL from human milk in infants on a body weight basis. The intake of 3‐FL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis is expected to be safe also for other population groups. The intake of other carbohydrate‐type compounds structurally related to 3‐FL is also considered of no safety concern. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with added 3‐FL or human milk are consumed on the same day. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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Zhang P, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent Advances on Lacto- N-neotetraose, a Commercially Added Human Milk Oligosaccharide in Infant Formula. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4534-4547. [PMID: 35385279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as the important prebiotics and display many unique health effects for infants. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), an abundant HMO, attracts increasing attention because of its unique beneficial effects to infants and great commercial importance. It occurs in all groups of human milk, but the concentration generally decreases gradually with the lactation period. It has superior prebiotic property for infants, and its other health effects have also been verified, including being immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, preventing necrotizing enterocolitis, antiadhesive antimicrobials, antiviral activity, and promoting maturation of intestinal epithelial cells. Safety evaluation and clinical trial studies suggest that LNnT is safe and well-tolerant for infants. It has been commercially added as a functional ingredient in infant formula. LNnT can be synthesized via chemical, enzymatic, or cell factory approachs, among which the metabolic engineering-based cell factory synthesis is considered to be the most practical and effective. In this article, the occurrence and physiological effects of LNnT were reviewed in detail, the safety evaluation and regulation status of LNnT were described, various approaches to LNnT synthesis were comprehensively summarized and compared, and the future perspectives of LNnT-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li Z, Zhu Y, Ni D, Zhang W, Mu W. Occurrence, functional properties, and preparation of 3-fucosyllactose, one of the smallest human milk oligosaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9364-9378. [PMID: 35438024 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are receiving wide interest and high attention due to their health benefits, especially for newborns. The HMOs-fortified products are expected to mimic human milk not only in the kinds of added oligosaccharides components but also the appropriate proportion between these components, and further provide the nutrition and physiological effects of human milk to newborns as closely as possible. In comparison to intensively studied 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) has less attention in almost all respects. Nerveless, 3-FL naturally occurs in breast milk and increases roughly over the course of lactation with a nonnegligible content, and plays an irreplaceable role in human milk and delivers functional properties to newborns. According to the safety evaluation, 3-FL shows no acute oral toxicity, genetic toxicity, and subchronic toxicity. It has been approved as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Biological production of 3-FL can be realized by enzymatic and cell factory approaches. The α1,3- or α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase is the key enzyme for 3-FL biosynthesis. Various metabolic engineering strategies have been applied to enhance 3-FL yield using cell factory approach. In conclusion, this review gives an overview of the recent scientific literatures regarding occurrence, bioactive properties, safety evaluation, and biotechnological preparation of 3-FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Taft DH, Lewis ZT, Nguyen N, Ho S, Masarweh C, Dunne-Castagna V, Tancredi DJ, Huda MN, Stephensen CB, Hinde K, von Mutius E, Kirjavainen PV, Dalphin JC, Lauener R, Riedler J, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Morrow AL, Mills DA. Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071423. [PMID: 35406036 PMCID: PMC9003546 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are beneficial and dominant members of the breastfed infant gut microbiome; however, their health benefits are partially species-dependent. Here, we characterize the species and subspecies of Bifidobacterium in breastfed infants around the world to consider the potential impact of a historic dietary shift on the disappearance of B. longum subsp. infantis in some populations. Across populations, three distinct patterns of Bifidobacterium colonization emerged: (1) The dominance of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis, (2) prevalent Bifidobacterium of multiple species, and (3) the frequent absence of any Bifidobacterium. These patterns appear related to a country’s history of breastfeeding, with infants in countries with historically high rates of long-duration breastfeeding more likely to be colonized by B. longum subspecies infantis compared with infants in countries with histories of shorter-duration breastfeeding. In addition, the timing of infant colonization with B. longum subsp. infantis is consistent with horizontal transmission of this subspecies, rather than the vertical transmission previously reported for other Bifidobacterium species. These findings highlight the need to consider historical and cultural influences on the prevalence of gut commensals and the need to understand epidemiological transmission patterns of Bifidobacterium and other major commensals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H. Taft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zachery T. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Steve Ho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Chad Masarweh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Vanessa Dunne-Castagna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Daniel J. Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - M. Nazmul Huda
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.H.); (C.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.N.H.); (C.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Centre Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pirkka V. Kirjavainen
- Environment Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University Hospital of Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos, Switzerland;
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Josef Riedler
- Children’s Hospital Schwarzach, 5620 Schwarzach, Austria;
| | - Jennifer T. Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +1-513-558-0809 (A.L.M.); +1-530-754-7821 (D.A.M.)
| | - David A. Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (D.H.T.); (Z.T.L.); (N.N.); (S.H.); (C.M.); (V.D.-C.); (J.T.S.); (J.B.G.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.M.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +1-513-558-0809 (A.L.M.); +1-530-754-7821 (D.A.M.)
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Weighted analysis of 2'-fucosylactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3'-sialyllactose, and 6'-sialyllactose concentrations in human milk. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112877. [PMID: 35304182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over 150 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been identified and their concentrations in human milk vary depending on Secretor and Lewis blood group status, environmental and geographical factors, lactation stage, gestational period, and maternal health. Quantitation of HMOs in human milk has been the focus of numerous studies, however, comprehensive and weighted statistical analyses of their levels in human milk are lacking. Therefore, weighted means, standard deviations, medians, interquartile ranges, and 90th percentiles for 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) were calculated using random sampling and the levels of these HMOs in human milk reported in the literature. Probability distributions of the reported levels were also constructed. Although the levels reported in the published studies varied, the weighted means for 2'-FL, 3-FL, LNT, 3'-SL, and 6'-SL were calculated to be 2.58, 0.57, 0.94, 0.28, and 0.39 g/L, respectively, which are consistent with those that have been previously determined in other systematic analyses. Likely due to the use of weighting, the 90th percentiles were greater than the 95% confidence limits that have been previously calculated. Our study therefore provides accurate and important statistical data to help support the level of appropriate HMO supplementation in infant formula.
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Sharif S, Heath PT, Oddie SJ, McGuire W. Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3:CD014067. [PMID: 35230697 PMCID: PMC8887627 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014067.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Dietary supplementation with synbiotics (probiotic micro-organisms combined with prebiotic oligosaccharides) to modulate the intestinal microbiome has been proposed as a strategy to reduce the risk of NEC and associated mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of enteral supplementation with synbiotics (versus placebo or no treatment, or versus probiotics or prebiotics alone) for preventing NEC and associated morbidity and mortality in very preterm or VLBW infants. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, the Maternity and Infant Care database and CINAHL, from earliest records to 17 June 2021. We searched clinical trials databases and conference proceedings, and examined the reference lists of retrieved articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing prophylactic synbiotics supplementation with placebo or no synbiotics in very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) or very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors separately performed the screening and selection process, evaluated risk of bias of the trials, extracted data, and synthesised effect estimates using risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD), and mean difference, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the GRADE approach to assess the level of certainty for effects on NEC, all-cause mortality, late-onset invasive infection, and neurodevelopmental impairment. MAIN RESULTS We included six trials in which a total of 925 infants participated. Most trials were small (median sample size 200). Lack of clarity on methods used to conceal allocation and mask caregivers or investigators were potential sources of bias in four of the trials. The studied synbiotics preparations contained lactobacilli or bifidobacteria (or both) combined with fructo- or galacto-oligosaccharides (or both). Meta-analyses suggested that synbiotics may reduce the risk of NEC (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.40; RD 70 fewer per 1000, 95% CI 100 fewer to 40 fewer; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 14, 95% CI 10 to 25; six trials (907 infants); low certainty evidence); and all-cause mortality prior to hospital discharge (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.85; RD 50 fewer per 1000, 95% CI 120 fewer to 100 fewer; NNTB 20, 95% CI 8 to 100; six trials (925 infants); low-certainty evidence). Synbiotics may have little or no effect on late-onset invasive infection, but the evidence is very uncertain (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.21; RD 20 fewer per 1000, 95% CI 70 fewer to 30 more; five trials (707 infants); very low-certainty evidence). None of the trials assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the absence of high levels of heterogeneity, we did not undertake any subgroup analysis (including the type of feeding). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available trial data provide only low-certainty evidence about the effects of synbiotics on the risk of NEC and associated morbidity and mortality for very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Our confidence in the effect estimates is limited; the true effects may be substantially different from these estimates. Large, high-quality trials would be needed to provide evidence of sufficient validity and applicability to inform policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sharif
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul T Heath
- Division of Child Health and Vaccine Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sam J Oddie
- Bradford Neonatology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - William McGuire
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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Dekker PM, Boeren S, van Goudoever JB, Vervoort JJM, Hettinga KA. Exploring Human Milk Dynamics: Interindividual Variation in Milk Proteome, Peptidome, and Metabolome. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1002-1016. [PMID: 35104145 PMCID: PMC8981310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
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Human milk is a dynamic
biofluid, and its detailed composition
receives increasing attention. While most studies focus on changes
over time or differences between maternal characteristics, interindividual
variation receives little attention. Nevertheless, a comprehensive
insight into this can help interpret human milk studies and help human
milk banks provide targeted milk for recipients. This study aimed
to map interindividual variation in the human milk proteome, peptidome,
and metabolome and to investigate possible explanations for this variation.
A set of 286 milk samples was collected from 29 mothers in the third
month postpartum. Samples were pooled per mother, and proteins, peptides,
and metabolites were analyzed. A substantial coefficient of variation
(>100%) was observed for 4.6% and 36.2% of the proteins and peptides,
respectively. In addition, using weighted correlation network analysis
(WGCNA), 5 protein and 11 peptide clusters were obtained, showing
distinct characteristics. With this, several associations were found
between the different data sets and with specific sample characteristics.
This study provides insight into the dynamics of human milk protein,
peptide, and metabolite composition. In addition, it will support
future studies that evaluate the effect size of a parameter of interest
by enabling a comparison with natural variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter M Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Emma Children's Hospital, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper A Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Peila C, Sottemano S, Cesare Marincola F, Stocchero M, Pusceddu NG, Dessì A, Baraldi E, Fanos V, Bertino E. NMR Metabonomic Profile of Preterm Human Milk in the First Month of Lactation: From Extreme to Moderate Prematurity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030345. [PMID: 35159496 PMCID: PMC8834565 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the composition of human milk (HM) can provide important insights into the links between infant nutrition, health, and development. In the present work, we have longitudinally investigated the metabolome of milk from 36 women delivering preterm at different gestational ages (GA): extremely (<28 weeks GA), very (29–31 weeks GA) or moderate (32–34 weeks GA) premature. Milk samples were collected at three lactation stages: colostrum (3–6 days post-partum), transitional milk (7–15 days post-partum) and mature milk (16–26 days post-partum). Multivariate and univariate statistical data analyses were performed on the 1H NMR metabolic profiles of specimens in relation to the degree of prematurity and lactation stage. We observed a high impact of both the mother’s phenotype and lactation time on HM metabolome composition. Furthermore, statistically significant differences, although weak, were observed in terms of GA when comparing extremely and moderately preterm milk. Overall, our study provides new insights into preterm HM metabolome composition that may help to optimize feeding of preterm newborns, and thus improve the postnatal growth and later health outcomes of these fragile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Peila
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Flaminia Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Grazia Pusceddu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Angelica Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
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A Comparison of Mother’s Milk and the Neonatal Urine Metabolome: A Unique Fingerprinting for Different Nutritional Phenotypes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020113. [PMID: 35208187 PMCID: PMC8879468 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of metabolomics to provide a snapshot of an individual’s metabolic state makes it a very useful technique in neonatology for investigating the complex relationship between nutrition and the state of health of the newborn. Through an 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of newborns by analyzing both urine and milk samples in relation to the birth weight of neonates classified as AGA (adequate for the gestational age, n = 51), IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction, n = 14), and LGA (large for gestational age, n = 15). Samples were collected at 7 ± 2 days after delivery. Of these infants, 42 were exclusively breastfed, while 38 received mixed feeding with a variable amount of commercial infant formula (less than 40%) in addition to breast milk. We observed a urinary spectral pattern for oligosaccharides very close to that of the corresponding mother’s milk in the case of exclusively breastfed infants, thus mirroring the maternal phenotype. The absence of this good match between the infant urine and human milk spectra in the case of mixed-fed infants could be reasonably ascribed to the use of a variable amount of commercial infant formulas (under 40%) added to breast milk. Furthermore, our findings did not evidence any significant differences in the spectral profiles in terms of the neonatal customize centile, i.e., AGA (adequate for gestational age), LGA (large for gestational age), or IGUR (intrauterine growth restriction). It is reasonable to assume that maternal human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) production is not or is only minimally influenced by the fetal growth conditions for unknown reasons. This hypothesis may be supported by our metabolomics-based results, confirming once again the importance of this approach in the neonatal field.
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Durham SD, Robinson RC, Olga L, Ong KK, Chichlowski M, Dunger DB, Barile D. A one-year study of human milk oligosaccharide profiles in the milk of healthy UK mothers and their relationship to maternal FUT2 genotype. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1254-1267. [PMID: 34142145 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are indigestible carbohydrates with prebiotic, pathogen decoy and immunomodulatory activities that are theorized to substantially impact infant health. The objective of this study was to monitor HMO concentrations over 1 year to develop a long-term longitudinal dataset. HMO concentrations in the breast milk of healthy lactating mothers of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) were measured at birth, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postpartum. HMO quantification was conducted by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection using a newly validated "dilute-and-shoot" method. This technique minimizes sample losses and expedites throughput, making it particularly suitable for the analysis of large sample sets. Varying patterns of individual HMO concentrations were observed with changes in lactation timepoint and maternal secretor status, with the most prominent temporal changes occurring during the first 3 months. These data provide valuable information for the development of human milk banks in view of targeted distribution of donor milk based on infant age. Maternal FUT2 genotype was determined based on identification at single-nucleotide polymorphism rs516246 and compared with the genotype expected based on phenotypic markers in the HMO profile. Surprisingly, two mothers genotyped as secretors produced milk that displayed very low levels of 2'-fucosylated moieties. This unexpected discrepancy between genotype and phenotype suggests that differential enzyme expression may cause substantial variation in HMO profiles between genotypically similar mothers, and current genotypic methods of secretor status determination may require validation with HMO markers from milk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra D Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Randall C Robinson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laurentya Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, RB/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, 2400 W. Lloyd Expy., Evansville, IN 47712, USA
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide foraging within the species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum is driven by glycosyl hydrolase content and specificity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0170721. [PMID: 34757822 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01707-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk enriches members of the genus Bifidobacterium in the infant gut. One species, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, is found in the gastrointestinal tracts of adults and breastfed infants. In this study, B. pseudocatenulatum strains were isolated and characterized to identify genetic adaptations to the breastfed infant gut. During growth on pooled human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) we observed two distinct groups of B. pseudocatenulatum, isolates that readily consumed HMOs and those that did not, a difference driven by variable catabolism of fucosylated HMOs. A conserved gene cluster for fucosylated HMO utilization was identified in several sequenced B. pseudocatenulatum strains. One isolate, B. pseudocatenulatum MP80, which uniquely possessed GH95 and GH29 α-fucosidases consumed the majority of fucosylated HMOs tested. Furthermore, B. pseudocatenulatum SC585, which possesses only a single GH95 α-fucosidase, lacked the ability to consume the complete repertoire of linkages within the fucosylated HMO pool. Analysis of the purified GH29 and GH95 fucosidase activities directly on HMOs revealed complementing enzyme specificities with the GH95 enzyme preferring 1-2 fucosyl linkages and the GH29 enzyme favoring 1-3 and 1-4 linkages. The HMO binding specificity of the Family 1 solute binding protein component linked to the fucosylated HMO gene cluster in both SC585 and MP80 are similar, suggesting differential transport of fucosylated HMO is not a driving factor in each strain's distinct HMO consumption pattern. Taken together, this data indicates the presence or absence of specific α-fucosidases directs the strain-specific fucosylated HMO utilization pattern among bifidobacteria and likely influences competitive behavior for HMO foraging in situ. IMPORTANCE Often isolated from the human gut, microbes from the bacterial family Bifidobacteriaceae commonly possess genes enabling carbohydrate utilization. Isolates from breast fed infants often grow on and possess genes for the catabolism of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), glycans found in human breast milk. However, catabolism of structurally diverse HMOs differs between bifidobacterial strains. This study identifies gene differences between Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum isolates that may impact whether a microbe successfully colonizes an infant gut. In this case, the presence of complementary α-fucosidases may provide an advantage to microbes seeking residence in the infant gut. Such knowledge furthers our understanding of how diet drives bacterial colonization of the infant gut.
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Izbicka E, Streeper RT. Adaptive Membrane Fluidity Modulation: A Feedback Regulated Homeostatic System Hiding in Plain Sight. In Vivo 2021; 35:2991-3000. [PMID: 34697130 PMCID: PMC8627736 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the plasma membrane affects its function. Changes in membrane fluidity with concomitant effects on membrane protein activities and cellular communication often accompany the transition from a healthy to a diseased state. Although deliberate modulation of membrane fluidity with drugs has not been exploited to date, the latest data suggest the "druggability" of the membrane. Azelaic acid esters (azelates) modulate plasma membrane fluidity and exhibit a broad range of immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Azelates represent a new class of drugs, membrane active immunomodulators (MAIMs), which use the entire plasma membrane as the target, altering the dynamics of an innate feedback regulated homeostatic system, adaptive membrane fluidity modulation (AMFM). A review of the literature data spanning >200 years supports the notion that molecules in the MAIMs category including known drugs do exert immunomodulatory effects that have been either neglected or dismissed as off-target effects.
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Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Human Milk from Mothers of Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103604. [PMID: 34684605 PMCID: PMC8540315 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of metabolomics in neonatology offers an approach to investigate the complex relationship between nutrition and infant health. Characterization of the metabolome of human milk enables an investigation into nutrients that affect the neonatal metabolism and identification of dietary interventions for infants at risk of diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In this study, we aimed to identify differences in the metabolome of breast milk of 48 mothers with preterm infants with NEC and non-NEC healthy controls. A minimum significant difference was observed in the human milk metabolome between the mothers of infants with NEC and mothers of healthy control infants. However, significant differences in the metabolome related to fatty acid metabolism, oligosaccharides, amino sugars, amino acids, vitamins and oxidative stress-related metabolites were observed when comparing milk from mothers with control infants of ≤1.0 kg birth weight and >1.5 kg birth weight. Understanding the functional biological features of mothers’ milk that may modulate infant health is important in the future of tailored nutrition and care of the preterm newborn.
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Sekerel BE, Bingol G, Cullu Cokugras F, Cokugras H, Kansu A, Ozen H, Tamay Z. An Expert Panel Statement on the Beneficial Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in Early Life and Potential Utility of HMO-Supplemented Infant Formula in Cow's Milk Protein Allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1147-1164. [PMID: 34594114 PMCID: PMC8478436 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s323734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review by pediatric gastroenterology and allergy-immunology experts aimed to address the biological roles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the potential utility of HMOs in prevention of allergy with particular emphasis on cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). The participating experts consider HMOs amongst the most critical bioactive components of human milk, which act as antimicrobials and antivirals by preventing pathogen adhesion to epithelial cells, as intestinal epithelial cell modulators by enhancing maturation of intestinal mucosa and intestinal epithelial barrier function, as prebiotics by promoting healthy microbiota composition and as immunomodulators by modulating immune cells indirectly and directly. Accordingly, the participating experts consider the proposed link between HMOs and prevention of allergy to be primarily based on the impact of HMO on gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and immune maturation. Along with the lower risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, HMO-supplemented formulas seem to be promising alternatives in the management of CMPA. Nonetheless, the effects of individual as well as complex mixtures of HMO in terms of clear clinical and immunological effects and tolerance development need to be further explored to fully realize the immunomodulatory mechanisms and the potential for HMOs in prevention of allergic diseases and CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulbin Bingol
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fugen Cullu Cokugras
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haluk Cokugras
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydan Kansu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tamay
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090804. [PMID: 34572236 PMCID: PMC8465502 DOI: 10.3390/children8090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most represented component in breast milk. They serve not only as prebiotics but they exert a protective role against some significant neonatal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Furthermore, they can program the immune system and consequently reduce allergies and autoimmune diseases’ incidence. HMOs also play a crucial role in brain development and in the gut barrier’s maturation. Moreover, the maternal genetic factors influencing different HMO patterns and their modulation by the interaction and the competition between active enzymes have been widely investigated in the literature, but there are few studies concerning the role of other factors such as maternal health, nutrition, and environmental influence. In this context, metabolomics, one of the newest “omics” sciences that provides a snapshot of the metabolites present in bio-fluids, such as breast milk, could be useful to investigate the HMO content in human milk. The authors performed a review, from 2012 to the beginning of 2021, concerning the application of metabolomics to investigate the HMOs, by using Pubmed, Researchgate and Scopus as source databases. Through this technology, it is possible to know in real-time whether a mother produces a specific oligosaccharide, keeping into consideration that there are other modifiable and unmodifiable factors that influence HMO production from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Although further studies are needed to provide clinical substantiation, in the future, thanks to metabolomics, this could be possible by using a dipstick and adding the eventual missing oligosaccharide to the breast milk or formula in order to give the best and the most personalized nutritional regimen for each newborn, adjusting to different necessities.
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The Mean of Milk: A Review of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations throughout Lactation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082737. [PMID: 34444897 PMCID: PMC8398195 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are non-digestible and structurally diverse complex carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human milk. To date, more than 200 different HMO structures have been identified. Their concentrations in human milk vary according to various factors such as lactation period, mother’s genetic secretor status, and length of gestation (term or preterm). The objective of this review is to assess and rank HMO concentrations from healthy mothers throughout lactation at a global level. To this aim, published data from pooled (secretor and non-secretor) human milk samples were used. When samples were reported as secretor or non-secretor, means were converted to a pooled level, using the reported mean of approximately 80/20% secretor/non-secretor frequency in the global population. This approach provides an estimate of HMO concentrations in the milk of an average, healthy mother independent of secretor status. Mean concentrations of HMOs were extracted and categorized by pre-defined lactation periods of colostrum (0–5 days), transitional milk (6–14 days), mature milk (15–90 days), and late milk (>90 days). Further categorizations were made by gestational length at birth, mother’s ethnicity, and analytical methodology. Data were excluded if they were from preterm milk, unknown sample size and mothers with any known disease status. A total of 57 peer-reviewed articles reporting individual HMO concentrations published between 1996 and 2020 were included in the review. Pooled HMO means reported from 31 countries were analyzed. In addition to individual HMO concentrations, 12 articles reporting total HMO concentrations were also analyzed as a basis for relative HMO abundance. Total HMOs were found as 17.7 g/L in colostrum, 13.3 g/L in transitional milk, and 11.3 g/L in mature milk. The results show that HMO concentrations differ largely for each individual HMO and vary with lactation stages. For instance, while 2′-FL significantly decreased from colostrum (3.18 g/L ± 0.9) to late milk (1.64 g/L ± 0.67), 3-FL showed a significant increase from colostrum (0.37 g/L ± 0.1) to late milk (0.92 g/L ± 0.5). Although pooled human milk contains a diverse HMO profile with more than 200 structures identified, the top 10 individual HMOs make up over 70% of total HMO concentration. In mature pooled human milk, the top 15 HMOs in decreasing order of magnitude are 2′-FL, LNDFH-I (DFLNT), LNFP-I, LNFP-II, LNT, 3-FL, 6′-SL, DSLNT, LNnT, DFL (LDFT), FDS-LNH, LNFP-III, 3′-SL, LST c, and TF-LNH.
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47
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Plekhova V, Van Meulebroek L, De Graeve M, Perdones-Montero A, De Spiegeleer M, De Paepe E, Van de Walle E, Takats Z, Cameron SJS, Vanhaecke L. Rapid ex vivo molecular fingerprinting of biofluids using laser-assisted rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4327-4354. [PMID: 34341579 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Of the many metabolites involved in any clinical condition, only a narrow range of biomarkers is currently being used in the clinical setting. A key to personalized medicine would be to extend this range. Metabolic fingerprinting provides a more comprehensive insight, but many methods used for metabolomics analysis are too complex and time-consuming to be diagnostically useful. Here, a rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) system for direct ex vivo real-time analysis of biofluids with minor sample pretreatment is detailed. The REIMS can be linked to various laser wavelength systems (such as optical parametric oscillator or CO2 laser) and with automation for high-throughput analysis. Laser-induced sample evaporation occurs within seconds through radiative heating with the plume guided to the MS instrument. The presented procedure includes (i) laser setup with automation, (ii) analysis of biofluids (blood/urine/stool/saliva/sputum/breast milk) and (iii) data analysis. We provide the optimal settings for biofluid analysis and quality control, enabling sensitive, precise and robust analysis. Using the automated setup, 96 samples can be analyzed in ~35-40 min per ionization mode, with no intervention required. Metabolic fingerprints are made up of 2,000-4,000 features, for which relative quantification can be achieved at high repeatability when total ion current normalization is applied. With saliva and feces as example matrices, >70% of features had a coefficient of variance ≤30%. However, to achieve acceptable long-term reproducibility, additional normalizations by, e.g., LOESS are recommended, especially for positive ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Plekhova
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,ProDigest BV, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Marilyn De Graeve
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ellen De Paepe
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emma Van de Walle
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J S Cameron
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Sharif S, Oddie SJ, Heath PT, McGuire W. Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sharif
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; University of York; York UK
| | - Sam J Oddie
- Bradford Neonatology; Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Bradford UK
| | - Paul T Heath
- Division of Child Health and Vaccine Institute; St. George's, University of London; London UK
| | - William McGuire
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; University of York; York UK
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Sotelo-Orozco J, Chen SY, Hertz-Picciotto I, Slupsky CM. A Comparison of Serum and Plasma Blood Collection Tubes for the Integration of Epidemiological and Metabolomics Data. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682134. [PMID: 34307452 PMCID: PMC8295687 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is a rich biological sample routinely collected in clinical and epidemiological studies. With advancements in high throughput -omics technology, such as metabolomics, epidemiology can now delve more deeply and comprehensively into biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of diseases. However, the impact of the blood collection tube matrix of samples collected needs to be carefully considered to obtain meaningful biological interpretations and understand how the metabolite signatures are affected by different tube types. In the present study, we investigated whether the metabolic profile of blood collected as serum differed from samples collected as ACD plasma, citrate plasma, EDTA plasma, fluoride plasma, or heparin plasma. We identified and quantified 50 metabolites present in all samples utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The heparin plasma tubes performed the closest to serum, with only three metabolites showing significant differences, followed by EDTA which significantly differed for five metabolites, and fluoride tubes which differed in eleven of the fifty metabolites. Most of these metabolite differences were due to higher levels of amino acids in serum compared to heparin plasma, EDTA plasma, and fluoride plasma. In contrast, metabolite measurements from ACD and citrate plasma differed significantly for approximately half of the metabolites assessed. These metabolite differences in ACD and citrate plasma were largely due to significant interfering peaks from the anticoagulants themselves. Blood is one of the most banked samples and thus mining and comparing samples between studies requires understanding how the metabolite signature is affected by the different media and different tube types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Sotelo-Orozco
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Thum C, Wall CR, Weiss GA, Wang W, Szeto IMY, Day L. Changes in HMO Concentrations throughout Lactation: Influencing Factors, Health Effects and Opportunities. Nutrients 2021; 13:2272. [PMID: 34209241 PMCID: PMC8308359 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important functional biomolecules in human breast milk. Understanding the factors influencing differences in HMO composition and changes in their concentration over lactation can help to design feeding strategies that are well-adapted to infant's needs. This review summarises the total and individual concentration of HMOs from data published from 1999 to 2019. Studies show that the HMO concentrations are highest in colostrum (average 9-22 g/L), followed by slightly lower concentrations in transitional milk (average 8-19 g/L), with a gradual decline in mature milk as lactation progresses, from 6-15 g/L in breast milk collected within one month of birth, to 4-6 g/L after 6 months. Significant differences in HMO composition have been described between countries. Different HMOs were shown to be predominant over the course of lactation, e.g., 3-fucosyllactose increased over lactation, whereas 2'-fucosyllactose decreased. Recent clinical studies on infant formula supplemented with 2'-fucosyllactose in combination with other oligosaccharides showed its limited beneficial effect on infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Thum
- AgResearch Ltd., Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Clare Rosemary Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | | | - Wendan Wang
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (I.M.-Y.S.)
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, Co., Ltd., Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (I.M.-Y.S.)
| | - Li Day
- AgResearch Ltd., Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
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