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Ren Y, Qian Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Li M, Li W, Yang P, Ren H, Li H, Weng Y, Li D, Xu K, Yu W. High LGALS3 expression induced by HCP5/hsa-miR-27b-3p correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:142. [PMID: 38643145 PMCID: PMC11031979 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widely recognized for its unfavorable prognosis. Increasing evidence has revealed that LGALS3 has an essential function in initiating and developing several malignancies in humans. Nevertheless, thorough analysis of the expression profile, clinical prognosis, pathway prediction, and immune infiltration of LGALS3 has not been fully explored in HCC. METHODS In this study, an initial pan-cancer analysis was conducted to investigate the expression and prognosis of LGALS3. Following a comprehensive analysis, which included expression analysis and correlation analysis, noncoding RNAs that contribute to the overexpression of LGALS3 were subsequently identified. This identification was further validated using HCC clinical tissue samples. TIMER2 and GEPIA2 were employed to examine the correlation between LGALS3 and HCP5 with immunological checkpoints, cell chemotaxis, and immune infiltration in HCC. The R program was applied to analyze the expression distribution of immune score in in HCC patients with high and low LGALS3 expression. The expression profiles of immune checkpoints were also analyzed. Use R to perform GSVA analysis in order to explore potential signaling pathways. RESULTS First, we conducted pan-cancer analysis for LGALS3 expression level through an in-depth analysis of public databases and found that HCC has a high LGALS3 gene and protein expression level, which were then verified in clinical HCC specimens. Meanwhile, high LGALS3 gene expression is related to malignant progression and poor prognosis of HCC. Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that LGALS3 could serve as an independent prognostic marker for HCC. Next, by combining comprehensive analysis and validation on HCC clinical tissue samples, we hypothesize that the HCP5/hsa-miR-27b-3p axis could serve as the most promising LGALS3 regulation mechanism in HCC. KEGG and GO analyses highlighted that the LGALS3-related genes were involved in tumor immunity. Furthermore, we detected a significant positive association between LGALS3 and HCP5 with immunological checkpoints, cell chemotaxis, and immune infiltration. In addition, high LGALS3 expression groups had significantly higher immune cell scores and immune checkpoint expression levels. Finally, GSVA analysis was performed to predict potential signaling pathways linked to LGALS3 and HCP5 in immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the upregulation of LGALS3 via the HCP5/hsa-miR-27b-3p axis is associated with unfavorable prognosis and increased tumor immune infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yongmei Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hengchang Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yiqi Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Yu X, Li W, Li Z, Wu Q, Sun S. Influence of Microbiota on Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2264-2294. [PMID: 38617537 PMCID: PMC11008264 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in immunotherapy has recently garnered substantial attention, with molecular studies and clinical trials providing emerging evidence on the pivotal influence of the microbiota in enhancing therapeutic outcomes via immune response modulation. However, the impact of microbial communities can considerably vary across individuals and different immunotherapeutic approaches, posing prominent challenges in harnessing their potential. In this comprehensive review, we outline the current research applications in tumor immunotherapy and delve into the possible mechanisms through which immune function is influenced by microbial communities in various body sites, encompassing those in the gut, extraintestinal barrier, and intratumoral environment. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of diverse microbiome-based strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and the targeted modulation of specific microbial taxa, and antibiotic treatments on cancer immunotherapy. All these strategies potentially have a profound impact on immunotherapy and pave the way for personalized therapeutic approaches and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Artemed Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Shi M, Zhang H, Ma L, Wang X, Sun D, Feng Z. Innovative prognostic modeling in ESCC: leveraging scRNA-seq and bulk-RNA for dendritic cell heterogeneity analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352454. [PMID: 38515748 PMCID: PMC10956130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stands out as a common cancer type, characterized by its notably high rates of occurrence and mortality. Recent advancements in treatment methods, including immunotherapy, have shown promise, yet the prognosis remains poor. In the context of tumor development and treatment outcomes, the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the function of dendritic cells (DCs), is significantly influential. Our study aims to delve deeper into the heterogeneity of DCs in ESCC using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA analysis. Methods In the scRNA-seq analysis, we utilized the SCP package for result visualization and functional enrichment analysis of cell subpopulations. CellChat was employed to identify potential oncogenic mechanisms in DCs, while Monocle 2 traced the evolutionary trajectory of the three DC subtypes. CopyKAT assessed the benign or malignant nature of cells, and SCENIC conducted transcription factor regulatory network analysis, offering a preliminary exploration of DC heterogeneity. In Bulk-RNA analysis, we constructed a prognostic model for ESCC prognosis and immunotherapy response, based on DC marker genes. This model was validated through quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), confirming the gene expression levels. Results In this study, through intercellular communication analysis, we identified GALECTIN and MHC-I signaling pathways as potential oncogenic mechanisms within dendritic cells. We categorized DCs into three subtypes: plasmacytoid (pDC), conventional (cDC), and tolerogenic (tDC). Our findings revealed that pDCs exhibited an increased proportion of cells in the G2/M and S phases, indicating enhanced cellular activity. Pseudotime trajectory analysis demonstrated that cDCs were in early stages of differentiation, whereas tDCs were in more advanced stages, with pDCs distributed across both early and late differentiation phases. Prognostic analysis highlighted a significant correlation between pDCs and tDCs with the prognosis of ESCC (P< 0.05), while no significant correlation was observed between cDCs and ESCC prognosis (P = 0.31). The analysis of cell malignancy showed the lowest proportion of malignant cells in cDCs (17%), followed by pDCs (29%), and the highest in tDCs (48%), with these results being statistically significant (P< 0.05). We developed a robust ESCC prognostic model based on marker genes of pDCs and tDCs in the GSE53624 cohort (n = 119), which was validated in the TCGA-ESCC cohort (n = 139) and the IMvigor210 immunotherapy cohort (n = 298) (P< 0.05). Additionally, we supplemented the study with a novel nomogram that integrates clinical features and risk assessments. Finally, the expression levels of genes involved in the model were validated using qPCR (n = 8) and IHC (n = 16), thereby confirming the accuracy of our analysis. Conclusion This study enhances the understanding of dendritic cell heterogeneity in ESCC and its impact on patient prognosis. The insights gained from scRNA-seq and Bulk-RNA analysis contribute to the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our prognostic models based on DC-related gene signatures hold promise for improving ESCC patient stratification and guiding treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linnan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Liu D, Zhu H, Li C. Galectins and galectin-mediated autophagy regulation: new insights into targeted cancer therapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 36814341 PMCID: PMC9945697 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins with specific affinity for galactosides via the conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. Increasing studies recently have identified critical roles of galectin family members in tumor progression. Abnormal expression of galectins contributes to the proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), immunosuppression, radio-resistance and chemoresistance in various cancers, which has attracted cumulative clinical interest in galectin-based cancer treatment. Galectin family members have been reported to participate in autophagy regulation under physiological conditions and in non-tumoral diseases, and implication of galectins in multiple processes of carcinogenesis also involves regulation of autophagy, however, the relationship between galectins, autophagy and cancer remains largely unclear. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of galectins at the molecular level, summarize their engagements in autophagy and cancer progression, and also highlight the regulation of autophagy by galectins in cancer as well as the therapeutic potentials of galectin and autophagy-based strategies. Elaborating on the mechanism of galectin-regulated autophagy in cancers will accelerate the exploitation of galectins-autophagy targeted therapies in treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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5
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Assem M, El-Araby RE, Al-Karmalawy AA, Nabil R, Kamal MAM, Belal A, Ghamry HI, Abourehab MAS, Ghoneim MM, Alshahrani MY, El Leithy AA. Promoter methylation might shift the balance of Galectin-3 & 12 expression in de novo adult acute myeloid leukemia patients. Front Genet 2023; 14:1122864. [PMID: 36861129 PMCID: PMC9968970 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was reported as the most common type of leukemia among adults. Galectins constitute a family of galactose-binding proteins reported to play a critical role in many malignancies including AML. Galectin-3 and -12 are members of the mammalian galectin family. To understand the contribution of galectin-3 and -12 promoter methylation to their expression, we performed bisulfite methylation-specific (MSP)-PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) of primary leukemic cells in patients with de novo AML before receiving any therapy. Here, we show a significant loss of LGALS12 gene expression in association with promoter methylation. The lowest degree of expression was found in the methylated (M) group while the highest degree was in the unmethylated (U) group and the partially methylated (P) group expression lies in between. This was not the case with galectin-3 in our cohort unless the CpG sites analyzed were outside the frame of the studied fragment. We were also able to identify four CpG sites (CpG number 1, 5, 7& 8) in the promoter region of galectin-12; these sites must be unmethylated so that expression can be induced. As far as the authors know, these findings were not previously concluded in earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Assem
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rady E. El-Araby
- Division of Oral Biology, Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Central Lab, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Ministry of Scientific Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy, ; Asmaa A. El Leithy,
| | - Reem Nabil
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. M. Kamal
- Clinical Pathology Department, El-Hussein University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. El Leithy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy, ; Asmaa A. El Leithy,
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Souza DS, Macheroni C, Pereira GJS, Vicente CM, Porto CS. Molecular regulation of prostate cancer by Galectin-3 and estrogen receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124111. [PMID: 36936148 PMCID: PMC10020622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This cancer is hormone-dependent; therefore, androgen, estrogen, and their receptors play an important role in development and progression of this disease, and in emergence of the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins which are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumors, participating in different stages of tumor development and progression, but the molecular mechanisms which regulate its expression are still poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the current and emerging knowledge on Galectin-3 in cancer biology with focus on prostate cancer and the interplay with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways, present in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. We suggest a molecular mechanism where ER, Galectin-3 and β-catenin can modulate nuclear transcriptional events, such as, proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Despite a number of achievements in targeted therapy for prostate cancer, CRPC may eventually develop, therefore new effective drug targets need urgently to be found. Further understanding of the role of Galectin-3 and ER in prostate cancer will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer development and the future treatment of this disease.
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Sha G, Wang D, Tang D. Galectins Are Central Mediators of Immune Escape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225475. [PMID: 36428567 PMCID: PMC9688059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers and is highly immune tolerant. Although there is immune cell infiltration in PDAC tissues, most of the immune cells do not function properly and, therefore, the prognosis of PDAC is very poor. Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are intimately involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and, in particular, play a crucial role in the immune evasion of tumor cells. Galectins induce abnormal functions and reduce numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), natural killer cells (NK), T cells and B cells. It further promotes fibrosis of tissues surrounding PDAC, enhances local cellular metabolism, and ultimately constructs tumor immune privileged areas to induce immune evasion behavior of tumor cells. Here, we summarize the respective mechanisms of action played by different Galectins in the process of immune escape from PDAC, focusing on the mechanism of action of Galectin-1. Galectins cause imbalance between tumor immunity and anti-tumor immunity by coordinating the function and number of immune cells, which leads to the development and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Gengyu Sha
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18952783556
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9
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Assessment of galectins -1, -3, -4, -8, and -9 expression in ovarian carcinoma patients with clinical implications. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:276. [PMID: 36050693 PMCID: PMC9434928 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Galectins have been recently tackled by many researchers in the field of cancer due to their role in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and metastasis. Thus, they are currently involved in biomarkers research on several types of cancer. In ovarian cancers, few studies were carried out to evaluate galectins expression profiling. Hence, our present study was executed to evaluate the mRNA expression of galectins -1, -3, -4, -8, and -9 in epithelial ovarian cancers. Methods Fifty-six tumor samples of ovarian carcinomas were analyzed for mRNA expression using qRT-PCR, and fold-changes were calculated in comparison to tissue samples of 26 women with normal ovaries. Results The results of the present paper emphasize the importance of galectins as predictors for targeted therapy. LGALS1, LGALS3, LGALS4, LGALS8, and LGALS9 were found to be mostly overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma patients with the following percentage: 78.6%, 92.9%, 66.1%, 87.5%, and 85.7% respectively. Moreover, galectins -3 and -9 were found to be significantly elevated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.044 and p = 0.011). Also, upregulation of galectin-1 and -9 were statistically significant in stages IIB, IIC, and IIIB (p = 0.002) in FIGO staging. CA19.9 is positively correlated to galectin-4 expression (p = 0.039). Conclusion Our findings strengthen the role of galectins in carcinogenesis, disease progression, and lymphnode metastasis in ovarian carcinomas. And since these galectins are mostly overexpressed, they could be promising markers for targeted therapy to reduce disease progression and metastasis process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02738-4.
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Michalak M, Golde V, Helm D, Kaltner H, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Combining Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Strategy with Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses to Inspect Intracellular Functions of the Tumor Suppressor Galectin-4 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126414. [PMID: 35742860 PMCID: PMC9223697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal4) has been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to systematically explore its function in CRC, we established a CRC cell line where Gal4 expression can be regulated via the doxycycline (dox)-inducible expression of a single copy wildtype LGALS4 transgene generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). Using this model and applying in-depth proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses, we systematically screened for intracellular changes induced by Gal4 expression. Overall, 3083 cellular proteins and 2071 phosphosites were identified and quantified, of which 1603 could be matched and normalized to their protein expression levels. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins and phosphosites can be localized in the nucleus and are categorized as nucleic acid-binding proteins. The top candidates whose expression was modulated by Gal4 are PURB, MAPKAPK3, BTF3 and BCAR1, while the prime candidates with altered phosphorylation included ZBTB7A, FOXK1, PURB and CK2beta. In order to validate the (phospho)proteomic data, we confirmed these candidates by a radiometric metabolic-labelling and immunoprecipitation strategy. All candidates exert functions in the transcriptional or translational control, indicating that Gal4 might be involved in these processes by affecting the expression or activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Golde
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Dominik Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Butler W, Huang J. Glycosylation Changes in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 11:809170. [PMID: 35004332 PMCID: PMC8739790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.809170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. With the use of next generation sequencing and proteomic platforms, new biomarkers are constantly being developed to both improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and help stratify patients into different risk groups for optimal management. In recent years, it has become well accepted that altered glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer progression and that the glycan structures resulting from these mechanisms show tremendous promise as both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In PCa, a wide range of structural alterations to glycans have been reported such as variations in sialylation and fucosylation, changes in branching, altered levels of Lewis and sialyl Lewis antigens, as well as the emergence of high mannose “cryptic” structures, which may be immunogenic and therapeutically relevant. Furthermore, aberrant expression of galectins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans have also been reported and associated with PCa cell survival and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the findings from various studies that have explored altered N- and O-linked glycosylation in PCa tissue and body fluids. We further discuss changes in O-GlcNAcylation as well as altered expression of galectins and glycoconjugates and their effects on PCa progression. Finally, we emphasize the clinical utility and potential impact of exploiting glycans as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve our ability to diagnose clinically relevant tumors as well as expand treatment options for patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Butler
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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12
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Tvaroška I. Glycosyltransferases as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and inflammation: molecular modeling insights. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Blair BB, Funkhouser AT, Goodwin JL, Strigenz AM, Chaballout BH, Martin JC, Arthur CM, Funk CR, Edenfield WJ, Blenda AV. Increased Circulating Levels of Galectin Proteins in Patients with Breast, Colon, and Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194819. [PMID: 34638303 PMCID: PMC8508020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are proteins with high-affinity β-galactoside-binding sites that function in a variety of signaling pathways through interactions with glycoproteins. The known contributions of galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction led us to investigate the circulating levels of these galectins in cancer patients. This study compares galectin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from each stage of breast, lung, and colon cancer. Galectins-1 and -7, which share a prototype structure, were found to have statistically significant increases in breast and lung cancer. Of the tandem-repeat galectins, galectin-8 showed no statistically significant change in these cancer types, but galectin-9 was increased in colon and lung cancer. Galectin-3 is the only chimera-type galectin and was increased in all stages of breast, colon, and lung cancer. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the galectin levels in patients with these cancers compared with healthy controls, and galectin levels did not significantly change from stage to stage. These findings suggest that further research on the roles of galectins early in disease pathogenesis may lead to novel indications for galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey B. Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Avery T. Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Jane L. Goodwin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Alexander M. Strigenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Basil H. Chaballout
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
| | - Julie C. Martin
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (J.C.M.); (W.J.E.)
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Christopher Ronald Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Anna V. Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (B.B.B.); (A.T.F.); (J.L.G.); (A.M.S.); (B.H.C.)
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (J.C.M.); (W.J.E.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Masoodi M, Shah ZA, Beigh AH, Ahmad SZ, Mir AW, Yasin B, Rasool R, Masoodi KZ, Bhat GM. Galectin-1 as a predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:123. [PMID: 34556165 PMCID: PMC8461835 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim There is an urgent need to set up a useful biomarker for ovarian cancer. Galectin-1 is a promising carbohydrate-binding protein which plays a remarkable role in various malignancies yet its clinical significance is questionable. In this study, we have tested the clinical implications of serum Galectin-1 levels in patients with ovarian tumours. Main methods Serum Galectin-1 levels were quantified in 84 newly diagnosed ovarian tumour patients and 20 healthy controls by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay during the course of the disease. Therefore the samples were taken at diagnosis, after surgery and after chemotherapy. Key findings The Galectin-1 levels were found to be associated with various variables of Ovarian Cancer patients. The levels were found to be prominently high in postmenopausal patients. Galectin-1 levels were raised in epithelial ovarian tumours with significantly high levels in serous subtype. A decrease in Galectin-1 levels post-surgical intervention and after receiving chemotherapy was found. Galectin-1 levels evidently distinguished between normal, benign, malignant and metastatic cases as compared to CA125 levels. Galectin-1 demonstrated to be a better biomarker than CA125 according to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Significance The study emphasizes that serum Galectin-1 may serve as a better surrogate biomarker in Ovarian Cancer for early detection, discriminating between malignant and benign abdominal masses and monitoring the progression of the disease and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Masoodi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Shah
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Afaq H Beigh
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Wahid Mir
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Besina Yasin
- Department of Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Roohi Rasool
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gull Mohammad Bhat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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15
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Xu YP, Dong ZN, Wang SW, Zheng YM, Zhang C, Zhou YQ, Zhao YJ, Zhao Y, Wang F, Peng R, Tang MC, Bai DS, Huang XY, Guo CY. circHMGCS1-016 reshapes immune environment by sponging miR-1236-3p to regulate CD73 and GAL-8 expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:290. [PMID: 34526098 PMCID: PMC8442376 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs may serve as essential regulators in the progression of several human cancers, but the function and mechanism of circRNAs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are largely unknown. Methods RNA-seq was used to assess differentially expressed circRNAs between 4 ICC and peritumor tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization were used to determine the circHMGCS1–016 expression in ICC tissues. The function and mechanism of circHMGCS1–016 were further identified via in vivo experiments. The clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of circHMGCS1–016 were analyzed by a retrospective study. The functions of circHMGCS1–016 were assessed via modifying circRNA expression in ICC cells. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of circHMGCS1–016 in ICC cells were explored by circRNA precipitation, miRNA immunoprecipitation, SILAC and luciferase reporter assays. Results We identified that compared with peritumor tissues, ICC tissues expressed hsa_circ_0008621 (circHMGCS1–016) high by RNA-seq, which was further identified by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Moreover, the expression of circHMGCS1–016 was revealed to be associated with survival and recurrence of ICC patients. By regulating circHMGCS1–016 expression, we found that elevated circHMGCS1–016 promoted ICC development both in vitro and in vivo. By SILAC and circRNA-pull down, we demonstrated that circHMGCS1–016 induced ICC cell invasion and reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment via the miR-1236-3p/CD73 and GAL-8 axis. In ICC tissues, we uncovered that a high level of circHMGCS1–016 was positively associated with CD73 and GAL-8 expression and negatively related to the CD8+ T cells infiltration, which was further validated by establishing a humanized mouse tumor model. Importantly, we displayed that ICC patients with high levels of circHMGCS1–016 in tumor tissues benefited less from anti-PD1 treatment compared to those with low levels of circHMGCS1–016. Conclusions CircHMGCS1–016 is a forceful contributor in ICC development and immune tolerance via miR-1236-3p/CD73 and GAL-8 axis. CircHMGCS1–016 can be explored as a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PD1-resistant ICC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02095-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ze-Ning Dong
- Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.,Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Si-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Chun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dou-Sheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan-Yong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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16
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Ocansey DKW, Wang B, Mao F. Glycosylation in Cervical Cancer: New Insights and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:706862. [PMID: 34485140 PMCID: PMC8415776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer has become the most frequent female malignancy and presents as a general health challenge in many countries undergoing economic development. Various human papillomaviruses (HPV) types have appeared as one of the most critically identifiable causes of widespread cervical cancers. Conventional cervical cytological inspection has limitations of variable sensitivity according to cervical cytology. Glycobiology has been fundamental in related exploration in various gynecologic and reproductive fields and has contributed to our understanding of cervical cancer. It is associated with altered expression of N-linked glycan as well as abnormal expression of terminal glycan structures. The analytical approaches available to determine serum and tissue glycosylation, as well as potential underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular glycosylation alterations, are monitored. Moreover, cellular glycosylation influences various aspects of cervical cancer biology, ranging from cell surface expressions, cell-cell adhesion, cancer signaling, cancer diagnosis, and management. In general, discoveries in glycan profiling make it technically reproducible and affordable to perform serum glycoproteomic analyses and build on previous work exploring an expanded variety of glycosylation markers in the majority of cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Chen K, Fan Y, Gu J, Han Z, Wang Y, Gao L, Zeng H, Mao C, Wang C. Effect of lgals3a on embryo development of zebrafish. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:739-750. [PMID: 34347236 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Our study was aimed to investigate the effects of lgals3a (Gal-3 encoding gene) on the development of zebrafish embryo and its underlying mechanisms. Morpholino (MO) technology was used to inhibit the expression of zebrafish lgals3a, and the effect of lgals3a gene knockdown on zebrafish embryo development and the number of monocyte macrophages was observed. Effect of lgals3a-e3i3-MO on apoptosis of zebrafish was detected by acridine orange staining. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR. Compared with control-MO group, the zebrafish embryos injected with lgals3a-e3i3-MO had obvious defects in the head, eyes, and tail, and pericardial edema. Lgals3a-e3i3-MO significantly reduced the number of mononuclear macrophages in zebrafish embryos compared with the control-MO group. The results of acridine orange staining showed that compared with the control-MO group, lgals3a-e3i3-MO promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis in zebrafish. Furthermore, lgals3a-e3i3-MO significantly up-regulated the expression of dkk1b, wnt9a, lrp5, fzd7a, β-catenin, Gsk-3β, mycn, myca in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and decreased the expression of lef1. These results indicate that lgals3a-e3i3-MO inhibits zebrafish embryo development, reduces the number of mononuclear macrophages, activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huasu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chengyu Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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18
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Patel SR, Herrmann J, Vierkant RA, Olson JE, Couch FJ, Hazim A, Sloan JA, Loprinzi CL, Ruddy KJ. N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide, sST2, and Galectin-3 Levels in Breast Cancer Survivors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3313. [PMID: 34362097 PMCID: PMC8346981 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NT-proBNP, soluble ST2 (sST2), and galectin-3 are biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction that have been proposed as identifiers of patients experiencing asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. This study aimed to compare the proportion of breast cancer (BC) survivors with elevated serum levels of these three putative biomarkers by prior receipt of anthracycline (yes vs. no). Five-hundred-eighty survivors of BC who had received anthracycline-based chemotherapy were matched by age and time between diagnosis and serum storage to 580 who had not. Cardiac biomarker levels were analyzed using immunoassays. Analyses were carried out using linear and logistic regression models. Anthracycline recipients had higher values of NT-proBNP than non-recipients (mean 116.0 ng/L vs. 97.0 ng/L, respectively; p < 0.001). Values for ST2 and galectin-3 did not significantly differ by receipt of anthracycline. After further adjustment for age at breast cancer diagnosis, ethnicity, and receipt of trastuzumab, associations between receipt of anthracycline and higher NT-proBNP persisted (p < 0.001), showing that NT-proBNP may be a biomarker of cardiovascular toxicity after receipt of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Further research to assess the clinical utility of NT-proBNP testing after receipt of anthracycline is recommended. sST2 and galectin-3 do not appear to differentiate between anthracycline recipients and non-recipients amongst breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (R.A.V.); (J.E.O.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (R.A.V.); (J.E.O.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Antonious Hazim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Jeff A. Sloan
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (R.A.V.); (J.E.O.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Charles L. Loprinzi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (C.L.L.); (K.J.R.)
| | - Kathryn J. Ruddy
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (C.L.L.); (K.J.R.)
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19
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Bertuzzi S, Gimeno A, Martinez-Castillo A, Lete MG, Delgado S, Airoldi C, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bláhová M, Chytil P, Křen V, Abrescia NGA, Ardá A, Bojarová P, Jiménez-Barbero J. Cross-Linking Effects Dictate the Preference of Galectins to Bind LacNAc-Decorated HPMA Copolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116000. [PMID: 34206141 PMCID: PMC8199549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of multi-LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc)-containing N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was analyzed using NMR methods in addition to cryo-electron-microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. The interaction with individual LacNAc-containing components of the polymer was studied for comparison purposes. For Gal-3 CRD, the NMR data suggest a canonical interaction of the individual small-molecule bi- and trivalent ligands with the lectin binding site and better affinity for the trivalent arrangement due to statistical effects. For the glycopolymers, the interaction was stronger, although no evidence for forming a large supramolecule was obtained. In contrast, for Gal-1, the results indicate the formation of large cross-linked supramolecules in the presence of multivalent LacNAc entities for both the individual building blocks and the polymers. Interestingly, the bivalent and trivalent presentation of LacNAc in the polymer did not produce such an increase, indicating that the multivalency provided by the polymer is sufficient for triggering an efficient binding between the glycopolymer and Gal-1. This hypothesis was further demonstrated by electron microscopy and DLS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ane Martinez-Castillo
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta G. Lete
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nicola G. A. Abrescia
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nám. Sítná, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (J.J.-B.)
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Raposo CD, Canelas AB, Barros MT. Human Lectins, Their Carbohydrate Affinities and Where to Find Them. Biomolecules 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 33572889 PMCID: PMC7911577 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a class of proteins responsible for several biological roles such as cell-cell interactions, signaling pathways, and several innate immune responses against pathogens. Since lectins are able to bind to carbohydrates, they can be a viable target for targeted drug delivery systems. In fact, several lectins were approved by Food and Drug Administration for that purpose. Information about specific carbohydrate recognition by lectin receptors was gathered herein, plus the specific organs where those lectins can be found within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia D. Raposo
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - André B. Canelas
- Glanbia-AgriChemWhey, Lisheen Mine, Killoran, Moyne, E41 R622 Tipperary, Ireland;
| | - M. Teresa Barros
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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21
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Kim SJ, Chun KH. Non-classical role of Galectin-3 in cancer progression: translocation to nucleus by carbohydrate-recognition independent manner. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 32172730 PMCID: PMC7196190 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.4.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein and regulates diverse functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, mRNA splicing, apoptosis induction, immune surveillance and inflammation, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and cancer-cell metastasis. Galectin-3 is also recommended as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of various diseases, including heart disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Galectin-3 exists as a cytosol, is secreted in extracellular spaces on cells, and is also detected in nuclei. It has been found that galectin-3 has different functions in cellular localization: (i) Extracellular galectin-3 mediates cell attachment and detachment. (ii) cytosolic galectin-3 regulates cell survival by blocking the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and (iii) nuclear galectin-3 supports the ability of the transcriptional factor for target gene expression. In this review, we focused on the role of galectin-3 on translocation from cytosol to nucleus, because it happens in a way independent of carbohydrate recognition and accelerates cancer progression. We also suggested here that intracellular galecin-3 could be a potent therapeutic target in cancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(4): 173-180].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University; Department of Life Science & Brain Korea 21 Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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22
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Tang JSJ, Schade K, Tepper L, Chea S, Ziegler G, Rosencrantz RR. Optimization of the Microwave Assisted Glycosylamines Synthesis Based on a Statistical Design of Experiments Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E5121. [PMID: 33158070 PMCID: PMC7663175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans carry a vast range of functions in nature. Utilizing their properties and functions in form of polymers, coatings or glycan derivatives for various applications makes the synthesis of modified glycans crucial. Since amines are easy to modify for subsequent reactions, we investigated regioselective amination conditions of different saccharides. Amination reactions were performed according to Kochetkov and Likhoshertov and accelerated by microwave irradiation. We optimized the synthesis of glycosylamines for N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, d-lactose, d-glucuronic acid and l-(-)-fucose using the design of experiments (DoE) approach. DoE enables efficient optimization with limited number of experimental data. A DoE software generated a set of experiments where reaction temperature, concentration of carbohydrate, nature of aminating agent and solvent were investigated. We found that the synthesis of glycosylamines significantly depends on the nature of the carbohydrate and on the reaction temperature. There is strong indication that high temperatures are favored for the amination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Sing Julia Tang
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kristin Schade
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lucas Tepper
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sany Chea
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gregor Ziegler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
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23
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Kong F, Jin M, Cao D, Jia Z, Liu Y, Jiang J. Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9949. [PMID: 32995093 PMCID: PMC7501799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectins (Gal) are a family of protein that bind to the β-galactoside of glycoproteins. It modulates a variety of biological functions, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A series of experimental and clinical evidences have been reported to support a correlation between galectin expressions and neoplastic transformation, progression and prognosis. The objective of this study was to estimate the expression of Gal-3 and Gal-9 in order to evaluate their relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) -related clinical features and their prognostic values. Methods We evaluated Gal-3 and Gal-9 expression in 247 HCC patients by a tissue microarray immunohistochemistry method, then analyzed the relationship between expression levels of Gal-3 and Gal-9 protein and tumor parameters or clinical outcomes. Results The Gal-3 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001), while no significant differences of Gal-9 was detected (P = 0.222). A higher Gal-3 expression was significantly associated with lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.049), poor histological differentiation (P = 0.016), and no cirrhosis (P = 0.040). In contrast, a lower Gal-9 expression was related to lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.012) and poor histological differentiation (P = 0.002). Survival analysis showed that patients with higher Gal-3 expression had worse overall survival (P = 0.012) , however no correlation was found between Gal-9 expression and survival (P = 0.185). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple tumor (HR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.36–2.78]), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (HR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.07–2.12]), Lymph-vascular invasion (HR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.00–2.10]) and Gal-3 expression (HR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.06–2.33]) were independent influencing factors of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion Gal-3 was expected to serve as a novel prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma, while Gal-9 expression was only related to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Kong
- Division of Clinical Research, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Hepatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meishan Jin
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Research, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kao MW, Su YC, Liang PI, Wu YY, Hong TM. Low Galectin-3 Expression Level in Primary Tumors Is Associated with Metastasis in T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061990. [PMID: 32630393 PMCID: PMC7355842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although nodal and distant metastasis is rare in T1 lung adenocarcinoma, it is related to poor clinical prognosis. Association between galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression level, and clinical outcome of T1 lung adenocarcinoma has not been clarified. METHODS From January 2009 to December 2014, 74 patients with surgically resected T1 lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patient outcomes were followed up until December 2019. Gal-3 expression level in primary tumors was assessed immunohistochemically and evaluated based on the staining intensity and percentage. Patient characteristics and correlation between Gal-3 expression level and clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Low Gal-3 expression was associated with increased metastatic events (p = 0.03), especially distant metastasis (p = 0.007), and mortality rate (p = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high Gal-3 expression level was associated with favorable recurrence-free survival in T1 lung adenocarcinoma (log-rank p = 0.048) and T1a (≤ 2 cm, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition) lung adenocarcinoma (log-rank p = 0.043). Gal-3 expression along with tumor size showed a larger area under curve (AUC) than tumor size alone for predicting metastatic events (AUC = 0.747 vs. 0.681) and recurrence (AUC = 0.813 vs. 0.766) in T1a lung adenocarcinoma in the receiver-operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSION Low Gal-3 expression level in primary tumors was remarkably associated with increased metastatic events and reduced recurrence-free survival in T1 lung adenocarcinoma. We suggest that Gal-3 expression level in addition to tumor size may potentially be stronger than tumor size alone in predicting metastasis in T1a lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Kao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, and College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yue-Chiu Su
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (P.-I.L.)
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (P.-I.L.)
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 4259)
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Chakraborty A, Dimitroff CJ. Cancer immunotherapy needs to learn how to stick to its guns. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5089-5091. [PMID: 31710312 DOI: 10.1172/jci133415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy and its budding effectiveness at improving patient outcomes has revitalized our hope to fight cancer in a logical and safe manner. Immunotherapeutic approaches to reengage the immune system have largely focused on reversing immune checkpoint inhibitor pathways, which suppress the antitumor response. Although these approaches have generated much excitement, they still lack absolute success. Interestingly, newly described host-tumor sugar chains (glycosylations) and glycosylation-binding proteins (lectins) play key roles in evading the immune system to determine cancer progression. In this issue of the JCI, Nambiar et al. used patient head and neck tumors and a mouse model system to investigate the role of galactose-binding lectin 1 (Gal1) in immunotherapy resistance. The authors demonstrated that Gal1 can affect immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy by increasing immune checkpoint molecules and immunosuppressive signaling in the tumor. Notably, these results suggest that targeting a tumor's glycobiological state will improve treatment efficacy.
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High Galectin-7 and Low Galectin-8 Expression and the Combination of both are Negative Prognosticators for Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040953. [PMID: 32290551 PMCID: PMC7226378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are commonly overexpressed in cancer cells and their expression pattern is often associated with the aggressiveness and metastatic phenotype of the tumor. This study investigates the prognostic influence of the expression of galectin-7 (Gal-7) and galectin-8 (Gal-8) in tumor cell cytoplasm, nucleus and on surrounding immune cells. Primary breast cancer tissue of 235 patients was analyzed for the expression of Gal-7 and Gal-8 and correlated with clinical and pathological data and the outcome. To identify immune cell subpopulations, immunofluorescence double staining was performed. Significant correlations of Gal-7 expression in the cytoplasm with HER2-status, PR status, patient age and grading, and of Gal-8 expression in the cytoplasm with HER2-status and patient age and of both galectins between each other were found. A high Gal-7 expression in the cytoplasm was a significant independent prognosticator for an impaired progression free survival (PFS) (p = 0.017) and distant disease-free survival (DDFS) (p = 0.030). Gal-7 was also expressed by tumor-infiltrating macrophages. High Gal-8 expression in the cytoplasm was associated with a significantly improved overall survival (OS) (p = 0.032). Clinical outcome in patients showing both high Gal-7 and with low Gal-8 expression was very poor. Further understanding of the role of galectins in the regulation and interaction of tumor cells and macrophages is essential for finding new therapeutic targets.
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27
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Tavares MR, Bláhová M, Sedláková L, Elling L, Pelantová H, Konefał R, Etrych T, Křen V, Bojarová P, Chytil P. High-Affinity N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymers with Tailored N-Acetyllactosamine Presentation Discriminate between Galectins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:641-652. [PMID: 31904940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc; Galβ4GlcNAc) is a typical disaccharide ligand of galectins. The most abundant members of these human lectins, galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), participate in a number of pathologies including cancerogenesis and metastatic formation. In this study, we synthesized a series of fifteen N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based glycopolymers with varying LacNAc amounts and presentations and evaluated the impact of their architecture on the binding affinity to Gal-1 and Gal-3. The controlled radical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization technique afforded linear polymer precursors with comparable molecular weight (Mn ≈ 22,000 g mol-1) and narrow dispersity (D̵ ≈ 1.1). The precursors were conjugated with the functionalized LacNAc disaccharide (4-22 mol % content in glycopolymer) prepared by enzymatic synthesis under catalysis by β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. The structure-affinity relationship study based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the type of LacNAc presentation, individual or clustered on bi- or trivalent linkers, brings a clear discrimination (almost 300-fold) between Gal-1 and Gal-3, reaching avidity to Gal-1 in the nanomolar range. Whereas Gal-1 strongly preferred a dense presentation of individually distributed LacNAc epitopes, Gal-3 preferred a clustered LacNAc presentation. Such a strong galectin preference based just on the structure of a multivalent glycopolymer type is exceptional. The prepared nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible glycopolymers are prospective for therapeutic applications requiring selectivity for one particular galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lieselotte Sedláková
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering , RWTH Aachen , Pauwelstr. 20 , D-52079 Aachen , Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083 , CZ-142 20 Prague 4 , Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Czech Technical University in Prague , Sítná sq. 3105 , CZ-272 01 Kladno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského náměstí 2 , CZ-162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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Scott E, Munkley J. Glycans as Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1389. [PMID: 30893936 PMCID: PMC6470778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men, claiming over350,000 lives worldwide annually. Current diagnosis relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA)testing, but this misses some aggressive tumours, and leads to the overtreatment of non-harmfuldisease. Hence, there is an urgent unmet clinical need to identify new diagnostic and prognosticbiomarkers. As prostate cancer is a heterogeneous and multifocal disease, it is likely that multiplebiomarkers will be needed to guide clinical decisions. Fluid-based biomarkers would be ideal, andattention is now turning to minimally invasive liquid biopsies, which enable the analysis oftumour components in patient blood or urine. Effective diagnostics using liquid biopsies willrequire a multifaceted approach, and a recent high-profile review discussed combining multipleanalytes, including changes to the tumour transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome.However, the concentration on genomics-based paramaters for analysing liquid biopsies ispotentially missing a goldmine. Glycans have shown huge promise as disease biomarkers, anddata suggests that integrating biomarkers across multi-omic platforms (including changes to theglycome) can improve the stratification of patients with prostate cancer. A wide range ofalterations to glycans have been observed in prostate cancer, including changes to PSAglycosylation, increased sialylation and core fucosylation, increased O-GlcNacylation, theemergence of cryptic and branched N-glyans, and changes to galectins and proteoglycans. In thisreview, we discuss the huge potential to exploit glycans as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkersfor prostate cancer, and argue that the inclusion of glycans in a multi-analyte liquid biopsy test forprostate cancer will help maximise clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Munkley J. The glycosylation landscape of pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2569-2575. [PMID: 30854032 PMCID: PMC6388511 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of <5%, the lowest of all types of cancer. The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer relies on imaging and tissue biopsy, and the only curative therapy is complete surgical resection. Pancreatic cancer has the propensity to metastasise at an early stage and the majority of patients are diagnosed when surgery is no longer an option. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to enable early diagnosis, and to develop new therapeutic strategies. One approach for this involves targeting cancer-associated glycans. The most widely used serological marker in pancreatic cancer is the carbohydrate antigen CA 19-9 which contains a glycan known as sialyl Lewis A (sLeA). The CA 19-9 assay is used routinely to monitor response to treatment, but concerns have been raised about its sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic biomarker. In addition to sLeA, a wide range of alterations to other important glycans have been observed in pancreatic cancer. These include increases in the sialyl Lewis X antigen (sLex), an increase in truncated O-glycans (Tn and sTn), increased branched and fucosylated N-glycans, upregulation of specific proteoglycans and galectins, and increased O-GlcNAcylation. Growing evidence supports crucial roles for glycans in all stages of cancer progression, and it is well established that glycans regulate tumour proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The present review describes the biological significance of glycans in pancreatic cancer, and discusses the clinical value of exploiting aberrant glycosylation to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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30
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Wdowiak K, Gallego-Colon E, Francuz T, Czajka-Francuz P, Ruiz-Agamez N, Kubeczko M, Grochoła I, Wybraniec MT, Chudek J, Wojnar J. Increased serum levels of Galectin-9 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1019-1029. [PMID: 30655861 PMCID: PMC6313089 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Despite improvements in treatment, CLL is still considered an incurable disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate galectin-1, -3 and -9 (Gal-1, -3 and -9) and Gal-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) as prognostic and predictive factors in patients with CLL. Serum concentrations of Gal-1, -3 and -9 and Gal-3BP were measured in 48 patients with CLL and 30 control patients, using multiplex bead arrays. In patients with CLL, galectin concentrations were assessed prior to, during and following treatment. In patients with CLL who were untreated, galectin concentrations were measured twice with a 6-month interval. The serum level of Gal-9 was significantly increased (P<0.0001) in patients with CLL compared with the control group, and was associated with the clinical stage according to Binet classification, as well as poor cytogenetic and serum CLL prognostic factors. In addition, patients with CLL, who exhibited treatment failure, exhibited higher concentrations of Gal-9 (P=0.06) and Gal-3BP (P=0.009) at the end of the treatment when compared with patients under complete remission or stabilization of the disease. The serum level of Gal-3 was significantly decreased (P=0.012) in patients with CLL compared with the control group. These results suggest that Gal-9 is a potential prognostic factor in patients with CLL. The predictive value of Gal-9 requires further study in larger cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-027, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-027, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Paulina Czajka-Francuz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-027, Poland
| | - Natalia Ruiz-Agamez
- Department of Biochemistry, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marcin Kubeczko
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice 44-101, Poland
| | - Iga Grochoła
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-027, Poland
| | - Maciej T. Wybraniec
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-635, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-027, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Silesian Medical University, Katowice 40-027, Poland
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Wang Y, Liu S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Meng X, Song N. Prognostic role of galectin-3 expression in patients with solid tumors: a meta-analysis of 36 eligible studies. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:172. [PMID: 30410421 PMCID: PMC6215616 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 as a β-galactoside-binding protein, has been found to be involved in tumor cell growth, anti-apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, invasion, and distant metastases, indicating that it may play a pivotal role in cancer development and progression. However, their results remain debatable and inconclusive. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed to clarify the precise predictive value of galectin-3 in various cancers. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched comprehensively for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OS or DFS/PFS/RFS were calculated to demonstrate their associations. Results A total of 36 relevant studies were ultimately enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our results shed light on the significant association of elevated galectin-3 expression with reduced OS or DFS/RFS/PFS in overall cancer patients (pooled HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.42–2.27, I2= 67.3%, p < 0.01; pooled HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.04–2.37, I2= 67.1%, p = 0.001). In tumor type subgroup analysis, we found high expression of galectin-3 was correlated with shorter OS or DFS/RFS/PFS in colorectal cancer (pooled HR = 3.05, 95% CI 2.13–4.35, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.734; pooled HR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.82–3.41, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.738; respectively) and meanwhile it merely associated with reduced OS in ovarian cancer or non-small cell lung cancer (pooled HR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.38–3.64, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.910; pooled HR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.48–2.88, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.563; separately). Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that galectin-3 played an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, indicating it could be a promising biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for them. Further studies were warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
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Bojarová P, Tavares MR, Laaf D, Bumba L, Petrásková L, Konefał R, Bláhová M, Pelantová H, Elling L, Etrych T, Chytil P, Křen V. Biocompatible glyconanomaterials based on HPMA-copolymer for specific targeting of galectin-3. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:73. [PMID: 30236114 PMCID: PMC6146777 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a promising target in cancer therapy with a high therapeutic potential due to its abundant localization within the tumor tissue and its involvement in tumor development and proliferation. Potential clinical application of Gal-3-targeted inhibitors is often complicated by their insufficient selectivity or low biocompatibility. Nanomaterials based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) nanocarrier are attractive for in vivo application due to their good water solubility and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity. Their conjugation with tailored carbohydrate ligands can yield specific glyconanomaterials applicable for targeting biomedicinally relevant lectins like Gal-3. Results In the present study we describe the synthesis and the structure-affinity relationship study of novel Gal-3-targeted glyconanomaterials, based on hydrophilic HPMA nanocarriers. HPMA nanocarriers decorated with varying amounts of Gal-3 specific epitope GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc) were analyzed in a competitive ELISA-type assay and their binding kinetics was described by surface plasmon resonance. We showed the impact of various linker types and epitope distribution on the binding affinity to Gal-3. The synthesis of specific functionalized LacdiNAc epitopes was accomplished under the catalysis by mutant β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. The glycans were conjugated to statistic HPMA copolymer precursors through diverse linkers in a defined pattern and density using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. The resulting water-soluble and structurally flexible synthetic glyconanomaterials exhibited affinity to Gal-3 in low μM range. Conclusions The results of this study reveal the relation between the linker structure, glycan distribution and the affinity of the glycopolymer nanomaterial to Gal-3. They pave the way to specific biomedicinal glyconanomaterials that target Gal-3 as a therapeutic goal in cancerogenesis and other disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0399-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - M R Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - D Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - L Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - L Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - R Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - M Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - H Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - L Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - V Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Ruvolo PP, Ruvolo VR, Burks JK, Qiu Y, Wang RY, Shpall EJ, Mirandola L, Hail N, Zeng Z, McQueen T, Daver N, Post SM, Chiriva-Internati M, Kornblau SM, Andreeff M. Role of MSC-derived galectin 3 in the AML microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:959-969. [PMID: 29655803 PMCID: PMC5936474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), high Galectin 3 (LGALS3) expression is associated with poor prognosis. The role of LGALS3 derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the AML microenvironment is unclear; however, we have recently found high LGALS3 expression in MSC derived from AML patients is associated with relapse. In this study, we used reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) to correlate LGALS3 expression in AML MSC with 119 other proteins including variants of these proteins such as phosphorylated forms or cleaved forms to identify biologically relevant pathways. RPPA revealed that LGALS3 protein was positively correlated with expression of thirteen proteins including MYC, phosphorylated beta-Catenin (p-CTNNB1), and AKT2 and negatively correlated with expression of six proteins including integrin beta 3 (ITGB3). String analysis revealed that proteins positively correlated with LGALS3 showed strong interconnectivity. Consistent with the RPPA results, LGALS3 suppression by shRNA in MSC resulted in decreased MYC and AKT expression while ITGB3 was induced. In co-culture, the ability of AML cell to adhere to MSC LGALS3 shRNA transductants was reduced compared to AML cell adhesion to MSC control shRNA transductants. Finally, use of novel specific LGALS3 inhibitor CBP.001 in co-culture of AML cells with MSC reduced viable leukemia cell populations with induced apoptosis and augmented the chemotherapeutic effect of AraC. In summary, the current study demonstrates that MSC-derived LGALS3 may be critical for important biological pathways for MSC homeostasis and for regulating AML cell localization and survival in the leukemia microenvironmental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - YiHua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Numsen Hail
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean M Post
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic Biopharma, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Marin-Acevedo JA, Dholaria B, Soyano AE, Knutson KL, Chumsri S, Lou Y. Next generation of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer: new developments and challenges. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:39. [PMID: 29544515 PMCID: PMC5856308 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints consist of inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that maintain self-tolerance and assist with immune response. In cancer, immune checkpoint pathways are often activated to inhibit the nascent anti-tumor immune response. Immune checkpoint therapies act by blocking or stimulating these pathways and enhance the body's immunological activity against tumors. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) are the most widely studied and recognized inhibitory checkpoint pathways. Drugs blocking these pathways are currently utilized for a wide variety of malignancies and have demonstrated durable clinical activities in a subset of cancer patients. This approach is rapidly extending beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. New inhibitory pathways are under investigation, and drugs blocking LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, VISTA, or B7/H3 are being investigated. Furthermore, agonists of stimulatory checkpoint pathways such as OX40, ICOS, GITR, 4-1BB, CD40, or molecules targeting tumor microenvironment components like IDO or TLR are under investigation. In this article, we have provided a comprehensive review of immune checkpoint pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy, and discuss their mechanisms and the therapeutic interventions currently under investigation in phase I/II clinical trials. We also reviewed the limitations, toxicities, and challenges and outline the possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhagirathbhai Dholaria
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Present Address: Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aixa E Soyano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Saranya Chumsri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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35
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Farhad M, Rolig AS, Redmond WL. The role of Galectin-3 in modulating tumor growth and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1434467. [PMID: 29872573 PMCID: PMC5980349 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1434467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is limited, in part, by the multitude of immunosuppressive mechanisms present within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin that contributes to TME immunosuppression and regulates diverse functions including cellular homeostasis and cancer biology. Increased Gal-3 expression during cancer progression augments tumor growth, invasiveness, metastatic potential, and immune suppression, which highlights the potential use of Gal-3 as a therapeutic target capable of modulating anti-tumor immunity. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which Gal-3 regulates lymphocytes, the role of Gal-3 in lung and prostate tumors, and the contribution of Gal-3 to TME immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farhad
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR.,Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Annah S Rolig
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - William L Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR
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36
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Ma J, Zhang X, He G, Yang C. The relationship between cervical precancerous lesion galectin-3 and p27 protein expression and clinical prognosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1533-1536. [PMID: 29434847 PMCID: PMC5774464 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between galectin-3 and p27kip1 protein expression levels in cervical precancerous lesions and clinical prognosis were studied. A total of 74 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN), 20 cases classified as stage I, 24 cases as stage II and 30 cases as stage III] were enrolled in this study. Tissue galectin-3, p27kip1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-2 and cyclin D protein levels were detected via immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Follow-up median duration was 13.5 months and recurrence rate was determined. Galectin-3, VEGF-2, and cyclin D expression was elevated in patients with higher stage CIN, whereas p27kip1 showed the opposite trend (p<0.05). During follow-up, there were 3 cases (15.0%) of recurrence in the CIN-I group, 5 cases (20.8%) in the CIN-II group and 9 cases (30.0%) in CIN-III the group. No significant difference in recurrence rate was noted among the groups (p>0.05). The upregulation of galectin-3 and downregulation of p27kip1 in CIN tissues may be related to tumor progression. This phenomenon will require further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, P.R. China
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37
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Sciacchitano S, Lavra L, Morgante A, Ulivieri A, Magi F, De Francesco GP, Bellotti C, Salehi LB, Ricci A. Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020379. [PMID: 29373564 PMCID: PMC5855601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) regulates basic cellular functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth, proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. It is not surprising, therefore, that this protein is involved in the pathogenesis of many relevant human diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, chronic inflammation and scarring affecting many different tissues. The papers published in the literature have progressively increased in number during the last decades, testifying the great interest given to this protein by numerous researchers involved in many different clinical contexts. Considering the crucial role exerted by Gal-3 in many different clinical conditions, Gal-3 is emerging as a new diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and as a new promising therapeutic target. The current review aims to extensively examine the studies published so far on the role of Gal-3 in all the clinical conditions and diseases, listed in alphabetical order, where it was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Lavra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Morgante
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ulivieri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiorenza Magi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo De Francesco
- Department of Oncological Science, Breast Unit, St Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bellotti
- Operative Unit Surgery of Thyroid and Parathyroid, Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035/39, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila B Salehi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Niccolò Cusano University Foundation, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biopathology and Diagnostic Imaging, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Bumba L, Laaf D, Spiwok V, Elling L, Křen V, Bojarová P. Poly-N-Acetyllactosamine Neo-Glycoproteins as Nanomolar Ligands of Human Galectin-3: Binding Kinetics and Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020372. [PMID: 29373511 PMCID: PMC5855594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is recognized as a prognostic marker in several cancer types. Its involvement in tumor development and proliferation makes this lectin a promising target for early cancer diagnosis and anti-cancer therapies. Gal-3 recognizes poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-based carbohydrate motifs of glycoproteins and glycolipids with a high specificity for internal LacNAc epitopes. This study analyzes the mode and kinetics of binding of Gal-3 to a series of multivalent neo-glycoproteins presenting complex poly-LacNAc-based oligosaccharide ligands on a scaffold of bovine serum albumin. These neo-glycoproteins rank among the strongest Gal-3 ligands reported, with Kd reaching sub-nanomolar values as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Significant differences in the binding kinetics were observed within the ligand series, showing the tetrasaccharide capped with N,N'-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) as the strongest ligand of Gal-3 in this study. A molecular model of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with docked oligosaccharide ligands is presented that shows the relations in the binding site at the molecular level. The neo-glycoproteins presented herein may be applied for selective recognition of Gal-3 both on the cell surface and in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Schulz H, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Schmoeckel E. Overall Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients Is Determined by Expression of Galectins-8 and -9. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010323. [PMID: 29361803 PMCID: PMC5796266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of new prognostic factors that can be targeted in ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy is of the utmost importance. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins with various implications in cancer biology. In this study, the presence of galectin (Gal)-8 and -9 was investigated in 156 ovarian cancer samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staining was evaluated using semi-quantitative immunoreactivity (IR) scores and correlated to clinical and pathological data. Different types of galectin expression were compared with respect to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Gal-8 served as a new positive prognostic factor for the OS and DFS of ovarian cancer patients. Gal-9 expression determined the DFS and OS of ovarian cancer patients in two opposing ways—moderate Gal-9 expression was correlated with a reduced outcome as compared to Gal-9 negative cases, while patients with high Gal-9 expression showed the best outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schulz
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- LMU Munich, Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- LMU Munich, Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Wang J, Liu Y, Yang Y, Xu Z, Zhang G, Liu Z, Fu H, Wang Z, Liu H, Xu J. High expression of galectin-7 associates with poor overall survival in patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41986-41995. [PMID: 27259255 PMCID: PMC5173110 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-7, has a controversial role in tumor progression, can either suppress tumor growth or induce chemoresistance depends on different tumor histology types. The aim was to appraise Galectin-7 expression on the overall survival (OS) of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following surgery. Results High galectin-7 expression was specifically correlated with necrosis (P = 0.015). Multivariate analysis confirmed galectin-7 as an independent prognosticator for OS (P = 0.005). High galectin-7 expression suggested poor OS (P < 0.001), particularly with UISS intermediate and high score groups. Notably, the predictive accuracy of the traditional prognostic scores was improved when combined with galectin-7 expression. Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 416 patients who underwent nephrectomy at a single institute between 2008 and 2009 and detected their intratumor galectin-7 expression by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to plot survival curves and multivariate cox regression analysis for potential independent prognostic factors on OS. A nomogram was constructed with concordance index (C-index) and Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC) to appraise prognostic accuracy of different models. Conclusions High galectin-7 expression is an independent adverse predictor for survival. Evaluation of galectin-7 could help guide postsurgical management for non-metastatic ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieti Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanfeng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Fashanu OE, Folsom AR, Oyenuga A, Ballantyne CM, Lutsey PL, Tang W. Galectin-3 and the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2017; 7:114-121. [PMID: 29348972 PMCID: PMC5768869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a β-galactosidase binding lectin, known to be involved in inflammatory processes may be associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) incidence. We examined the prospective association between plasma galectin-3 and incident AAA in 9,704 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohort. We followed participants from 1996-1998 through 2011 (124,260 person-years) for incident AAA (n=325) defined by ICD codes from hospital records and death certificates. At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 62.8 (5.7) years; 20.9% were blacks and 56.5% females. The median (25th-75th percentile) galectin-3 level was 14.2 (12.0-16.9) ng/mL. Galectin-3 was correlated positively with most cardiovascular risk factors and with several cardiac or inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, troponin-T, and NT-proBNP). Using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographic variables and measured AAA risk factors, the hazard ratios for AAA across galectin-3 quintiles were 1 (Referent), 1.54 (1.05-2.26), 1.58 (1.05-2.41), 1.76 (1.15-2.72), and 1.92 (1.22-3.01) (p for trend =0.01). Further adjustment for the cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers largely attenuated the association between galectin-3 and AAA [AAA hazard ratio for galectin-3 Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1: 1.29 (0.81-2.05); p-trend across quintiles =0.44]. In conclusion, higher concentrations of plasma galectin-3 were associated with greater incidence of AAA though not independent of other cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers. This reinforces that galectin-3, a systemic biomarker reflecting inflammation and probably increased systemic vascular resistance, is elevated early in the pathogenesis of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun E Fashanu
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abayomi Oyenuga
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular CenterHouston, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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42
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Advedissian T, Proux-Gillardeaux V, Nkosi R, Peyret G, Nguyen T, Poirier F, Viguier M, Deshayes F. E-cadherin dynamics is regulated by galectin-7 at epithelial cell surface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17086. [PMID: 29213102 PMCID: PMC5719072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialisation of wounded epidermis is ensured by collective cell migration of keratinocytes. Efficient collective migration requires the maintenance of intercellular adhesion, notably through adherens junctions, to favour cell communication, support tension forces and coordinated movement . Galectin-7, a soluble lectin expressed in stratified epithelia, has been previously implicated in cell migration and intercellular adhesion. Here, we revealed a new function of galectin-7 in the control of directionality and collective behaviour in migrating keratinocytes. Consistently, we identified galectin-7 as a direct partner of E-cadherin, a key component of adherens junctions. Unexpectedly, this interaction does not require glycosylation motifs. Focusing on the underlying mechanisms, we showed that galectin-7 stabilizes E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, restraining its endocytosis. Interestingly, galectin-7 silencing decreases E-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion. Consequently, this study not only identifies a new stabilizer of adherens junctions but also emphasises the importance of the interplay between E-cadherin turnover and intercellular adhesion strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Advedissian
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Proux-Gillardeaux
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France.,Team Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Nkosi
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Peyret
- Team Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Team Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Viguier
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Frédérique Deshayes
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France.
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Chang WA, Tsai MJ, Kuo PL, Hung JY. Role of galectins in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5077-5084. [PMID: 29113148 PMCID: PMC5662908 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide and is also associated with a poor prognosis. As in numerous other types of cancer, galectins have been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of lung cancer. Galectins belong to a superfamily of lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins. There are at least 15 members in the galectin family, however, only galectin-1, −2, −3, −4, −7, −8, −9, −10, −12, and −13 are found in humans. Galectins are able to mediate interactions between cells, including homotypic and heterotypic interactions; they also facilitate the bindings between cells and extracellular matrix components. These cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, as well as the galectin signaling on the cell surface, are able to modulate signaling pathways and thereby influence cellular functions and behaviors. Galectin-1, −3, −4, −7, −8 and −9 are associated with lung cancer. These galectins are associated with tumor invasion, migration, metastasis and progression, and may serve important roles in the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer. The majority of galectins are associated with the progression of lung cancer, with the exception of galectin-9, which is associated with enhanced anticancer immunity. Therefore, galectins may be potential targets for developing novel lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Schulz H, Schmoeckel E, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Galectins-1, -3, and -7 Are Prognostic Markers for Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061230. [PMID: 28594391 PMCID: PMC5486053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a tremendous need for developing new useful prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. Galectins are a family of carbohydrate binding proteins which have been suggested to serve as prognostic factors for various cancer types. In this study, the presence of Galectin-1, -3, and -7 was investigated in 156 ovarian cancer specimens by immunochemical staining. Staining was evaluated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells as well as the peritumoral stroma using a semi quantitative score (Remmele (IR) score). Patients’ overall survival was compared between different groups of Galectin expression. Galectin (Gal)-1 and -3 staining was observed in the peritumoral stroma as well as the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cells, while Gal-7 was only present in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Patients with Gal-1 expression in the cytoplasm or high Gal-1 expression in the peritumoral stroma showed reduced overall survival. Nuclear Gal-3 staining correlated with a better outcome. We observed a significantly reduced overall survival for cases with high Gal-7 expression and a better survival for Gal-7 negative cases, when compared to cases with low expression of Gal-7. We were able to show that both tumor and stroma staining of Gal-1 could serve as negative prognostic factors for ovarian cancer. We were able to confirm cytoplasmic Gal-7 as a negative prognostic factor. Gal-3 staining in the nucleus could be a new positive prognosticator for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schulz
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- LMU Munich, Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- LMU Munich, Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
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Farhadi SA, Hudalla GA. Engineering galectin-glycan interactions for immunotherapy and immunomodulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 241:1074-83. [PMID: 27229902 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a 15-member family of soluble carbohydrate-binding proteins, are receiving increasing interest as therapeutic targets for immunotherapy and immunomodulation due to their role as extracellular signals that regulate innate and adaptive immune cell phenotype and function. However, different galectins can have redundant, synergistic, or antagonistic signaling activity in normal immunological responses, such as resolution of inflammation and induction of antigen-specific tolerance. In addition, certain galectins can be hijacked to promote progression of immunopathologies, such as tumor immune privilege, metastasis, and viral infection, while others can inhibit these processes. Thus, eliciting a desired immunological outcome will likely necessitate therapeutics that can precisely enhance or inhibit particular galectin-glycan interactions. Multivalency is an important determinant of the affinity and specificity of natural galectin-glycan interactions, and is emerging as a key design element for therapeutics that can effectively manipulate galectin bioactivity. This minireview surveys current molecular and biomaterial engineering approaches to create therapeutics that can stabilize galectin multivalency or recapitulate natural glycan multivalency (i.e. "the glycocluster effect"). In particular, we highlight examples of using natural and engineered multivalent galectins for immunosuppression and immune tolerance, with a particular emphasis on treating autoimmune diseases or avoiding transplant rejection. In addition, we present examples of multivalent inhibitors of galectin-glycan interactions to maintain or restore T-cell function, with a particular emphasis on promoting antitumor immunity. Finally, we discuss emerging opportunities to further engineer galectin-glycan interactions for immunotherapy and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen A Farhadi
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rustiguel JK, Soares ROS, Meisburger SP, Davis KM, Malzbender KL, Ando N, Dias-Baruffi M, Nonato MC. Full-length model of the human galectin-4 and insights into dynamics of inter-domain communication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33633. [PMID: 27642006 PMCID: PMC5027518 DOI: 10.1038/srep33633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are proteins involved in diverse cellular contexts due to their capacity to decipher and respond to the information encoded by β-galactoside sugars. In particular, human galectin-4, normally expressed in the healthy gastrointestinal tract, displays differential expression in cancerous tissues and is considered a potential drug target for liver and lung cancer. Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin characterized by two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker-peptide. Despite their relevance to cell function and pathogenesis, structural characterization of full-length tandem-repeat galectins has remained elusive. Here, we investigate galectin-4 using X-ray crystallography, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics simulations, and differential scanning fluorimetry assays and describe for the first time a structural model for human galectin-4. Our results provide insight into the structural role of the linker-peptide and shed light on the dynamic characteristics of the mechanism of carbohydrate recognition among tandem-repeat galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joane K. Rustiguel
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O. S. Soares
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nozomi Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Simile MM, Latte G, Demartis MI, Brozzetti S, Calvisi DF, Porcu A, Feo CF, Seddaiu MA, Daino L, Berasain C, Tomasi ML, Avila MA, Feo F, Pascale RM. Post-translational deregulation of YAP1 is genetically controlled in rat liver cancer and determines the fate and stem-like behavior of the human disease. Oncotarget 2016; 7:49194-49216. [PMID: 27359056 PMCID: PMC5226501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that YAP1 is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we observed higher expression of Yap1/Ctgf axis in dysplastic nodules and HCC chemically-induced in F344 rats, genetically susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis, than in lesions induced in resistant BN rats. In BN rats, highest increase in Yap1-tyr357, p73 phosphorylation and Caspase 3 cleavage occurred. In human HCCs with poorer prognosis (< 3 years survival after partial liver resection, HCCP), levels of YAP1, CTGF, 14-3-3, and TEAD proteins, and YAP1-14-3-3 and YAP1-TEAD complexes were higher than in HCCs with better outcome (> 3 years survival; HCCB). In the latter, higher levels of phosphorylated YAP1-ser127, YAP1-tyr357 and p73, YAP1 ubiquitination, and Caspase 3 cleavage occurred. Expression of stemness markers NANOG, OCT-3/4, and CD133 were highest in HCCP and correlated with YAP1 and YAP1-TEAD levels. In HepG2, Huh7, and Hep3B cells, forced YAP1 over-expression led to stem cell markers expression and increased cell viability, whereas inhibition of YAP1 expression by specific siRNA, or transfection of mutant YAP1 which does not bind to TEAD, induced opposite alterations. These changes were associated, in Huh7 cells transfected with YAP1 or YAP1 siRNA, with stimulation or inhibition of cell migration and invasivity, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that YAP1 transfection in Huh7 cells induces over-expression of genes involved in tumor stemness. In conclusion, Yap1 post-translational modifications favoring its ubiquitination and apoptosis characterize HCC with better prognosis, whereas conditions favoring the formation of YAP1-TEAD complexes are associated with aggressiveness and acquisition of stemness features by HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Simile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gavinella Latte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria I. Demartis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Brozzetti
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’', Rome, Italy
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio F. Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria A. Seddaiu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Daino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria L. Tomasi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Division of Hepatology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa M. Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Enzymes for N-Glycan Branching and Their Genetic and Nongenetic Regulation in Cancer. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020025. [PMID: 27136596 PMCID: PMC4919920 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycan, a fundamental and versatile protein modification in mammals, plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological events including cancer progression. The formation of N-glycan branches catalyzed by specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases [GnT-III, GnT-IVs, GnT-V, GnT-IX (Vb)] and a fucosyltransferase, Fut8, provides functionally diverse N-glycosylated proteins. Aberrations of these branches are often found in cancer cells and are profoundly involved in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the GlcNAc and fucose branches of N-glycans and describe how their expression is dysregulated in cancer by genetic and nongenetic mechanisms including epigenetics and nucleotide sugar metabolisms. We also survey the roles that these N-glycans play in cancer progression and therapeutics. Finally, we discuss possible applications of our knowledge on basic glycobiology to the development of medicine and biomarkers for cancer therapy.
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49
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Blaževitš O, Mideksa YG, Šolman M, Ligabue A, Ariotti N, Nakhaeizadeh H, Fansa EK, Papageorgiou AC, Wittinghofer A, Ahmadian MR, Abankwa D. Galectin-1 dimers can scaffold Raf-effectors to increase H-ras nanoclustering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24165. [PMID: 27087647 PMCID: PMC4834570 DOI: 10.1038/srep24165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) dimers crosslink carbohydrates on cell surface receptors. Carbohydrate-derived inhibitors have been developed for cancer treatment. Intracellularly, Gal-1 was suggested to interact with the farnesylated C-terminus of Ras thus specifically stabilizing GTP-H-ras nanoscale signalling hubs in the membrane, termed nanoclusters. The latter activity may present an alternative mechanism for how overexpressed Gal-1 stimulates tumourigenesis. Here we revise the current model for the interaction of Gal-1 with H-ras. We show that it indirectly forms a complex with GTP-H-ras via a high-affinity interaction with the Ras binding domain (RBD) of Ras effectors. A computationally generated model of the Gal-1/C-Raf-RBD complex is validated by mutational analysis. Both cellular FRET as well as proximity ligation assay experiments confirm interaction of Gal-1 with Raf proteins in mammalian cells. Consistently, interference with H-rasG12V-effector interactions basically abolishes H-ras nanoclustering. In addition, an intact dimer interface of Gal-1 is required for it to positively regulate H-rasG12V nanoclustering, but negatively K-rasG12V nanoclustering. Our findings suggest stacked dimers of H-ras, Raf and Gal-1 as building blocks of GTP-H-ras-nanocluster at high Gal-1 levels. Based on our results the Gal-1/effector interface represents a potential drug target site in diseases with aberrant Ras signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blaževitš
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Yonatan G. Mideksa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maja Šolman
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alessio Ligabue
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hossein Nakhaeizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eyad K. Fansa
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Bum-Erdene K, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ, Blanchard H. Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3'-sulfo-lactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20289. [PMID: 26828567 PMCID: PMC4734333 DOI: 10.1038/srep20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a tandem-repeat galectin with two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD). Galectin-4 is expressed mainly in the alimentary tract and is proposed to function as a lipid raft and adherens junction stabilizer by its glycan cross-linking capacity. Galectin-4 plays divergent roles in cancer and inflammatory conditions, either promoting or inhibiting each disease progression, depending on the specific pathological condition. The study of galectin-4's ligand-binding profile may help decipher its roles under specific conditions. Here we present the X-ray structures of human galectin-4 N-terminal CRD (galectin-4N) bound to different saccharide ligands. Galectin-4's overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Galectin-4N recognises the sulfate cap of 3'-sulfated glycans by a weak interaction through Arg45 and two water-mediated hydrogen bonds via Trp84 and Asn49. When galectin-4N interacts with the H-antigen mimic, 2'-fucosyllactose, an interaction is formed between the ring oxygen of fucose and Arg45. The extended binding site of galectin-4N may not be well suited to the A/B-antigen determinants, α-GalNAc/α-Gal, specifically due to clashes with residue Phe47. Overall, galectin-4N favours sulfated glycans whilst galectin-4C prefers blood group determinants. However, the two CRDs of galectin-4 can, to a less extent, recognise each other's ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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