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Kline K, Luetkens T, Koka R, Kallen ME, Chen W, Ahmad H, Omili D, Iraguha T, Gebru E, Fan X, Miller A, Dishanthan N, Baker JM, Dietze KA, Hankey KG, Yared JA, Hardy NM, Rapoport AP, Dahiya S, Atanackovic D. Treatment of secondary CNS lymphoma using CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:45. [PMID: 38349430 PMCID: PMC10864416 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive B cell lymphoma with secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement (SCNSL) carries a dismal prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) targeting CD19 have revolutionized the treatment for B cell lymphomas; however, only single cases with CNS manifestations successfully treated with CD19 CAR-T have been reported. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 4 patients with SCNSL into our study to assess clinical responses and monitor T cell immunity. RESULTS Two of four SNCSL patients responded to the CD19-targeted CAR-T. Only one patient showed a substantial expansion of peripheral (PB) CAR-T cells with an almost 100-fold increase within the first week after CAR-T. The same patient also showed marked neurotoxicity and progression of the SNCSL despite continuous surface expression of CD19 on the lymphoma cells and an accumulation of CD4+ central memory-type CAR-T cells in the CNS. Our studies indicate that the local production of chemokine IP-10, possibly through its receptor CXCR3 expressed on our patient's CAR-T, could potentially have mediated the local accumulation of functionally suboptimal anti-tumor T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate expansion and homing of CAR-T cells into the CNS in SNCSL patients. Local production of chemokines such as IP-10 may support CNS infiltration by CAR-T cells but also carry the potential of amplifying local toxicity. Future studies investigating numbers, phenotype, and function of CAR-T in the different body compartments of SNSCL patients receiving CAR-T will help to improve local delivery of "fit" and highly tumor-reactive CAR-T with low off-target reactivity into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kline
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rima Koka
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Kallen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wengen Chen
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haroon Ahmad
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Destiny Omili
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thierry Iraguha
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Etse Gebru
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nishanthini Dishanthan
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jillian M Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dietze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kim G Hankey
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jean A Yared
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy M Hardy
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron P Rapoport
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Cancer Immunotherapy, Fannie Angelos Cellular Therapeutics GMP Laboratory, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bressler Research Building, Room 9-011, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kathari YK, Ahmad H, Kallen ME, Koka R, Omili D, Iraguha T, Clement J, Pham L, Khalid M, Fan X, Gebru E, Lesho P, Park E, Dishanthan N, Baker JM, Dietze KA, Hankey KG, Badros A, Yared JA, Dahiya S, Hardy NM, Kocoglu H, Luetkens T, Rapoport AP, Atanackovic D. Immune-mediated facial nerve paralysis in a myeloma patient post B-cell maturation antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Haematologica 2024; 109:682-688. [PMID: 37675514 PMCID: PMC10828766 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yamini K Kathari
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haroon Ahmad
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael E Kallen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rima Koka
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Destiny Omili
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry Iraguha
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean Clement
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lily Pham
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mazhar Khalid
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Etse Gebru
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patricia Lesho
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Esther Park
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nishanthini Dishanthan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jillian M Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth A Dietze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kim G Hankey
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ashraf Badros
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean A Yared
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nancy M Hardy
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hakan Kocoglu
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tim Luetkens
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron P Rapoport
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Djordje Atanackovic
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
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Tanasescu R, Frakich N, Chou IJ, Filippini P, Podda G, Xin G, Muraleedharan R, Jerca O, Onion D, Constantinescu CS. Natalizumab Treatment of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Has No Long-Term Effects on the Proportion of Circulating Regulatory T Cells. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:2041-2052. [PMID: 37715885 PMCID: PMC10630259 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natalizumab (NTZ), a monoclonal antibody against the integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) found on activated T cells and B cells, blocks the interaction of this integrin with adhesion molecules of central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells and lymphocyte migration through the blood-brain barrier, effectively preventing new lesion formation and relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS). Whether NTZ treatment has additional effects on the peripheral immune system cells, and how its actions compare with other MS disease-modifying treatments, have not been extensively investigated. In particular, its effect on the proportions of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) is unclear. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of NTZ treatment in 12 patients with relapsing MS, at 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment. We evaluated the proportions of regulatory T cells (Treg), defined by flow cytometry as CD4+ CD25++ FoxP3+ cells and CD4+ CD25++ CD127- cells at these intervals. As an exploratory study, we also investigated the NTZ effects on the proportions of bulk T and B lymphocyte populations, and of those expressing novel the markers CD195 (CCR5), CD196 (CCR6), or CD161 (KLRB1), which are involved in MS pathogenesis but have been studied less in the context of MS treatment. The effects of NTZ were compared to those obtained with 11 patients under interferon-beta-1a (IFN-β1a) treatment, and against 9 healthy volunteers. RESULTS We observed a transient increment in the proportion of Treg cells at 6 months, which was not sustained at 12 months. We observed a reduction in the proportion of T cells expressing CD195 (CCR5) and CD161 (KLRB1) subsets of T cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that NTZ does not have an effect on the proportion of Treg cells over 1 year, but it may affect the expression of molecules important for some aspects MS pathogenesis, in a manner that is not shared with IFN-β1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Tanasescu
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Centre for MS and Neuroinflammation, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nanci Frakich
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - I-Jun Chou
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Perla Filippini
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Giulio Podda
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Wye Valley NHS Trust, Hereford, England, UK
| | - Gao Xin
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ranjithmenon Muraleedharan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oltita Jerca
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Medizinisches Zentrum Harz, Halberstadt, Germany
| | - David Onion
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Nottingham Centre for MS and Neuroinflammation, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Cooper Neurological Institute, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 2339 Route 70 West, Cherry Hill, Camden, NJ, 08002, USA.
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4
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Tanaka H, Hasebe R, Murakami K, Sugawara T, Yamasaki T, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes describe novel neuro-immune communications that establish immune cell gateways at specific vessels. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:24. [PMID: 37936169 PMCID: PMC10631009 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important biological process induced by complex interactions between immune cells and neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent research on the bidirectional communication between neuronal and immunological systems has provided evidence for how immune and inflammatory processes are regulated by nerve activation. One example is the gateway reflex, in which immune cells bypass the blood brain barrier and infiltrate the CNS to cause neuroinflammation. We have found several modes of the gateway reflex in mouse models, in which gateways for immune cells are established at specific blood vessels in the spinal cords and brain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and systemic lupus erythematosus models, at retinal blood vessels in an experimental autoimmune uveitis model, and the ankle joints in an inflammatory arthritis model. Several environmental stimulations, including physical and psychological stresses, activate neurological pathways that alter immunological responses via the gateway reflex, thus contributing to the development/suppression of autoimmune diseases. In the manuscript, we describe the discovery of the gateway reflex and recent insights on how they regulate disease development. We hypothesize that artificial manipulation of specific neural pathways can establish and/or close the gateways to control the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kuta-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
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Alomar HA, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Al-Mazroua HA, Alhazzani K, Assiri MA, Alqinyah M, Almudimeegh S, Ahmad SF. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 improves neuroimmune dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in B cells. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:45-53. [PMID: 36646144 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe autoimmune disease leading to demyelination, followed by consequent axonal degeneration, causing sensory, motor, cognitive, and visual symptoms. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most well-studied animal model of MS. Most current MS treatments are not completely effective, and severe side effects remain a great challenge. In this study, we report the therapeutic efficacy of PD98059, a potent mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, on proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151-induced EAE in SJL/J mice. Following the induction of EAE, mice were intraperitoneally treated with PD98059 (5 mg/kg for 14 days) daily from day 14 to day 28. This study investigated the effects of PD98059 on C-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6), CD14, NF-κB p65, IκBα, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α in CD45R+ B lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of PD98059 on CCR6, CD14, NF-κB p65, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression levels using qRT-PCR analysis in brain tissues. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PD98059-treated in mice with EAE had reduced CD45R+CCR6+, CD45R+CD14+, CD45R+NF-κB p65+, CD45R+GM-CSF+, CD45R+iNOS+, CD45R+IL-6+, and CD45R+TNF-α+ cells and increased CD45R+IκBα+ cells compared with vehicle-treated control mice in the spleen. Moreover, downregulation of CCR6, CD14, NF-κB p65, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression level was observed in PD98059-treated mice with EAE compared with vehicle-treated control mice in the brain tissue. The results of this study demonstrate that PD98059 modulates inflammatory mediators through multiple cellular mechanisms. The results of this study suggest that PD98059 may be pursued as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatun A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Sachi N, Kamiyama N, Saechue B, Ozaka S, Dewayani A, Ariki S, Chalalai T, Soga Y, Fukuda C, Kagoshima Y, Ekronarongchai S, Kobayashi T. CCL20/CCR6 chemokine signaling is not essential for pathogenesis in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:123-131. [PMID: 36527746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the nerve myelin sheath. The balance between pathogenic Th17 cells and regulatory Treg cells, both of which express the chemokine receptor CCR6 is critical for determining disease activity. It has been postulated that CCL20, the cognate ligand of CCR6, produced by the blood-brain barrier attracts these immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the pathological phenotypes of the experimental model of multiple sclerosis in CCR6-knockout (KO) mice are inconclusive, while this has not been addressed in CCL20-KO mice. To address this, we generated CCL20-KO and CCR6-KO mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Clinical phenotypes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the chronic phase were slightly exacerbated in both mutant mice relative to those in wild-type (WT) mice. Inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the CNS were similar in the KO and WT mice. CNS CD4+ T cell counts were the same for mutant and WT mice. The mutant and WT mice did not differ significantly in the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in the CNS, or in IL-17 and TGF-β mRNA expression in the CNS. These findings suggest that CCL20/CCR6-mediated cell migration is not necessarily required for the onset of EAE, and may be compensated for by other chemokine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Sachi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naganori Kamiyama
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Benjawan Saechue
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ozaka
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Astri Dewayani
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shimpei Ariki
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Soga
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fukuda
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yomei Kagoshima
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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7
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Hermans D, Houben E, Baeten P, Slaets H, Janssens K, Hoeks C, Hosseinkhani B, Duran G, Bormans S, Gowing E, Hoornaert C, Beckers L, Fung WK, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Fraussen J, Thoelen R, de Vries HE, Kooij G, Zandee S, Prat A, Hellings N, Broux B. Oncostatin M triggers brain inflammation by compromising blood-brain barrier integrity. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:259-281. [PMID: 35666306 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an IL-6 family member which exerts neuroprotective and remyelination-promoting effects after damage to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of OSM in neuro-inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we investigated OSM's role in pathological events important for the neuro-inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). We show that OSM receptor (OSMRβ) expression is increased on circulating lymphocytes of MS patients, indicating their elevated responsiveness to OSM signalling. In addition, OSM production by activated myeloid cells and astrocytes is increased in MS brain lesions. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS, OSMRβ-deficient mice exhibit milder clinical symptoms, accompanied by diminished T helper 17 (Th17) cell infiltration into the CNS and reduced BBB leakage. In vitro, OSM reduces BBB integrity by downregulating the junctional molecules claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, while promoting secretion of the Th17-attracting chemokine CCL20 by inflamed BBB-endothelial cells and reactive astrocytes. Using flow cytometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quantification, we found that OSM-induced endothelial CCL20 promotes activation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on Th17 cells. Moreover, CCL20 enhances Th17 cell adhesion to OSM-treated inflamed endothelial cells, which is at least in part ICAM-1 mediated. Together, these data identify an OSM-CCL20 axis, in which OSM contributes significantly to BBB impairment during neuro-inflammation by inducing permeability while recruiting Th17 cells via enhanced endothelial CCL20 secretion and integrin activation. Therefore, care should be taken when considering OSM as a therapeutic agent for treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doryssa Hermans
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Evelien Houben
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paulien Baeten
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helena Slaets
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kris Janssens
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cindy Hoeks
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gayel Duran
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Seppe Bormans
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lien Beckers
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wing Ka Fung
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Judith Fraussen
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Heng AHS, Han CW, Abbott C, McColl SR, Comerford I. Chemokine-Driven Migration of Pro-Inflammatory CD4 + T Cells in CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817473. [PMID: 35250997 PMCID: PMC8889115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells drive the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. Recent advances have modified views of the phenotype of pro-inflammatory Th cells in autoimmunity, extending the breadth of known Th cell subsets that operate as drivers of these responses. Heterogeneity and plasticity within Th1 and Th17 cells, and the discovery of subsets of Th cells dedicated to production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF have led to these advances. Here, we review recent progress in this area and focus specifically upon evidence for chemokine receptors that drive recruitment of these various pro-inflammatory Th cell subsets to sites of autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. We discuss expression of specific chemokine receptors by subsets of pro-inflammatory Th cells and highlight which receptors may be tractable targets of therapeutic interventions to limit pathogenic Th cell recruitment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caleb W Han
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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9
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Hou L, Yuki K. CCR6 and CXCR6 Identify the Th17 Cells With Cytotoxicity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819224. [PMID: 35178050 PMCID: PMC8844514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the plasticity of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells (Th17 cells), a long-standing challenge in studying Th17-driven autoimmune is the lack of specific surface marker to identify the pathogenic Th17 cells in vivo. Recently, we discovered that pathogenic CD4 T cells were CXCR6 positive in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used Th17-driven autoimmune model. Herein, we further revealed that peripheral CXCR6+CD4 T cells contain a functionally distinct subpopulation, which is CCR6 positive and enriched for conventional Th17 molecules (IL-23R and RORγt) and cytotoxic signatures. Additionally, spinal cord-infiltrating CD4 T cells were highly cytotoxic by expressing Granzyme(s) along with IFNγ and GM-CSF. Collectively, this study suggested that peripheral CCR6+CXCR6+CD4 T cells were Th17 cells with cytotoxic property in EAE model, and highlighted the cytotoxic granzymes for EAE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia and Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anaesthesia and Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School., Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extragastric Diseases-A Focus on the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092191. [PMID: 34571840 PMCID: PMC8469861 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is most known to cause a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal impairments; however, an increasing number of studies indicates that H. pylori infection might be involved in numerous extragastric diseases such as neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatobiliary, or even allergic diseases. In this review, we focused on the nervous system and aimed to summarize the findings regarding H. pylori infection and its involvement in the induction/progression of neurological disorders. Neurological impairments induced by H. pylori infection are primarily due to impairments in the gut-brain axis (GBA) and to an altered gut microbiota facilitated by H. pylori colonization. Currently, regarding a potential relationship between Helicobacter infection and neurological disorders, most of the studies are mainly focused on H. pylori.
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11
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Meitei HT, Jadhav N, Lal G. CCR6-CCL20 axis as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102846. [PMID: 33971346 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CCR6 is expressed on various cells such as B cells, immature dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), regulatory CD4 T cells, and Th17 cells. CCL20 is the only known high-affinity ligand that binds to CCR6 and drives CCR6+ cells' migration in tissues. CCL20 is mainly produced by epithelial cells, and its expression is increased by several folds under inflammatory conditions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis (PS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS) showed a very strong correlation between the expression of CCR6 and disease severity. It has been shown that disruption of CCR6-CCL20 interaction by using antibodies or antagonists prevents the migration of CCR6 expressing immune cells at the site of inflammation and reduces the severity of the disease. This review discussed the importance of the CCR6-CCL20 axis in IBD, PS, RA, and MS, and recent advances in targeting the CCR6-CCL20 in controlling these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandadeep Jadhav
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune MH-411007, India.
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12
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Honarmand K, Taheri M. A comprehensive review on the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:375-406. [PMID: 33404937 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) is thought to be caused by the abnormal induction of immune responses. Chemokines as molecules that can engage leukocytes into the location of inflammation, actively participate in the pathogenesis of MS. Several members of this family of chemo attractants have been shown to be dysregulated in the peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid or CNS lesions of MS patients. Studies in animal models of MS particularly experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have indicated the critical roles of chemokines in the pathophysiology of MS. In the current review, we summarize the data regarding the role of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL13 in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Honarmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Wang R, Campbell S, Amir M, Mosure SA, Bassette MA, Eliason A, Sundrud MS, Kamenecka TM, Solt LA. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the nuclear receptor RORα regulates T H17 driven inflammatory disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:76. [PMID: 33397953 PMCID: PMC7782731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Full development of IL-17 producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17 cells) requires the transcriptional activity of both orphan nuclear receptors RORα and RORγt. However, RORα is considered functionally redundant to RORγt; therefore, the function and therapeutic value of RORα in TH17 cells is unclear. Here, using mouse models of autoimmune and chronic inflammation, we show that expression of RORα is required for TH17 cell pathogenicity. T-cell-specific deletion of RORα reduces the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and colitis. Reduced inflammation is associated with decreased TH17 cell development, lower expression of tissue-homing chemokine receptors and integrins, and increased frequencies of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. Importantly, inhibition of RORα with a selective small molecule antagonist mostly phenocopies our genetic data, showing potent suppression of the in vivo development of both chronic/progressive and relapsing/remitting EAE, but with no effect on overall thymic cellularity. Furthermore, use of the RORα antagonist effectively inhibits human TH17 cell differentiation and memory cytokine secretion. Together, these data suggest that RORα functions independent of RORγt in programming TH17 pathogenicity and identifies RORα as a safer and more selective therapeutic target for the treatment of TH17-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sean Campbell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sarah A Mosure
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Molly A Bassette
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Amber Eliason
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Mark S Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Laura A Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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14
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Alam MJ, Xie L, Ang C, Fahimi F, Willingham SB, Kueh AJ, Herold MJ, Mackay CR, Robert R. Therapeutic blockade of CXCR2 rapidly clears inflammation in arthritis and atopic dermatitis models: demonstration with surrogate and humanized antibodies. MAbs 2020; 12:1856460. [PMID: 33347356 PMCID: PMC7757791 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1856460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant effector cells of the innate immune system and represent the first line of defense against infection. However, in many common pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, excessive recruitment and activation of neutrophils can drive a chronic inflammatory response leading to unwanted tissue destruction. Several strategies have been investigated to tackle pathologic neutrophil biology, and thus provide a novel therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 plays a crucial role in regulating neutrophil homeostasis and is a promising pharmaceutical target. In this study, we report the discovery and validation of a humanized anti-human CXCR2 monoclonal antibody. To enable in vivo studies, we developed a surrogate anti-mouse CXCR2 antibody, as well as a human knock-in CXCR2 mouse. When administered in models of atopic dermatitis (AD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the antibodies rapidly clear inflammation. Our findings support further developments of anti-CXCR2 mAb approaches not only for RA and AD, but also for other neutrophil-mediated inflammatory conditions where neutrophils are pathogenic and medical needs are unmet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Farnaz Fahimi
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Remy Robert
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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15
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CCR6 blockade on regulatory T cells ameliorates experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:256-266. [PMID: 33437177 PMCID: PMC7790011 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a significant role in limiting damage of tissue affected by autoimmune process, which has been demonstrated in various experimental models for multiple sclerosis (MS) (mostly experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis – EAE), rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that Tregs increasingly migrate to central nervous system (CNS) during subsequent phases of EAE (preclinical, initial attack, and remission). In contrast, in peripheral tissues (blood, lymph nodes, and spleen), a significant accumulation of Tregs is mostly present during EAE remission. Moreover, an increased expression of CCR6 on Tregs in the CNS, blood, lymph nodes, and spleen in all phases of EAE was observed. The highest expression of CCR6 on Tregs from the CNS, lymph nodes, and spleen was noted during the initial attack of EAE, whereas in the blood, the peak expression of CCR6 was detected during the preclinical phase. The presence of Tregs in the CNS during EAE was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To analyze additional functional significance of CCR6 expression on Tregs for EAE pathology, we modulated the clinical course of this MS model using Tregs with blocked CCR6. EAE mice, which received CCR6-deficient Tregs showed significant amelioration of disease severity. This observation suggests that CCR6 on Tregs may be a potential target for future therapeutic interventions in MS.
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16
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Opejin A, Surnov A, Misulovin Z, Pherson M, Gross C, Iberg CA, Fallahee I, Bourque J, Dorsett D, Hawiger D. A Two-Step Process of Effector Programming Governs CD4 + T Cell Fate Determination Induced by Antigenic Activation in the Steady State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108424. [PMID: 33238127 PMCID: PMC7714042 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various processes induce and maintain immune tolerance, but effector T cells still arise under minimal perturbations of homeostasis through unclear mechanisms. We report that, contrary to the model postulating primarily tolerogenic mechanisms initiated under homeostatic conditions, effector programming is an integral part of T cell fate determination induced by antigenic activation in the steady state. This effector programming depends on a two-step process starting with induction of effector precursors that express Hopx and are imprinted with multiple instructions for their subsequent terminal effector differentiation. Such molecular circuits advancing specific terminal effector differentiation upon re-stimulation include programmed expression of interferon-γ, whose production then promotes expression of T-bet in the precursors. We further show that effector programming coincides with regulatory conversion among T cells sharing the same antigen specificity. However, conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2) and T cell functions of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) increase effector precursor induction while decreasing the proportion of T cells that can become peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T (pTreg) cells. The mechanisms in the steady state that govern the formation of effector T cells with potentially autoimmune functions remain unclear. Opejin et al. reveal a two-step process starting with induction of effector precursors that express Hopx and are imprinted with multiple instructions for their subsequent terminal effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye Opejin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ziva Misulovin
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Pherson
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cindy Gross
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian Fallahee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dale Dorsett
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Koetzier SC, van Langelaar J, Blok KM, van den Bosch TPP, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, Pol K, Siepman TA, Verjans GMGM, Smolders J, Lubberts E, de Vries HE, van Luijn MM. Brain-homing CD4 + T cells display glucocorticoid-resistant features in MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/6/e894. [PMID: 33037101 PMCID: PMC7577536 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study whether glucocorticoid (GC) resistance delineates disease-relevant T helper (Th) subsets that home to the CNS of patients with early MS. Methods The expression of key determinants of GC sensitivity, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1/ABCB1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1), was investigated in proinflammatory Th subsets and compared between natalizumab-treated patients with MS and healthy individuals. Blood, CSF, and brain compartments from patients with MS were assessed for the recruitment of GC-resistant Th subsets using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results An MS-associated Th subset termed Th17.1 showed a distinct GC-resistant phenotype as reflected by high MDR1 and low GR expression. This expression ratio was further elevated in Th17.1 cells that accumulated in the blood of patients with MS treated with natalizumab, a drug that prevents their entry into the CNS. Proinflammatory markers C-C chemokine receptor 6, IL-23R, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF were increased in MDR1-expressing Th17.1 cells. This subset predominated the CSF of patients with early MS, which was not seen in the paired blood or in the CSF from patients with other inflammatory and noninflammatory neurologic disorders. The potential of MDR1-expressing Th17.1 cells to infiltrate brain tissue was confirmed by their presence in MS white matter lesions. Conclusion This study reveals that GC resistance coincides with preferential CNS recruitment of pathogenic Th17.1 cells, which may hamper the long-term efficacy of GCs in early MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Koetzier
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Katelijn M Blok
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry P P van den Bosch
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Annet F Wierenga-Wolf
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Pol
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Theodora A Siepman
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Georges M G M Verjans
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- From the Departments of Immunology (S.C.K., J.v.L., A.F.W.-W., M.-J.M., K.P., J.S., M.M.v.L.); Neurology (K.M.B, T.A.S., J.S.); Pathology (T.P.P.v.d.B.); Viroscience (G.M.G.M.V.); Rheumatology (E.L.); and MS Center ErasMS at Erasmus MC (S.C.K, J.v.L., K.M.B., A.F.W.-W, M.-J.M., K.P., T.A.S., J.S., M.M.v.L.), University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (G.M.G.M.V.), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.S.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology (H.E.d.V.), Amsterdam University Medical Center, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands.
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18
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Dhaiban S, Al-Ani M, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:619-633. [PMID: 33061527 PMCID: PMC7532903 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s270872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disorder that results in inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). MS symptoms include walking difficulties, visual weakening, as well as learning and memory impairment, thus affecting the quality of the patient's life. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are expressed on the immune cells as well as the CNS resident cells. Several sets of chemokine receptors and their ligands tend to be pathogenic players in MS, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL17, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL16. Furthermore, current modulatory drugs that are used in the treatment of MS and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), affect the expression of several chemokine and chemokine receptors. In this review, we highlight the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their receptors as well as utilizing them as potential therapeutic targets through selective agents, such as specific antibodies and receptor blockers, or indirectly through MS or EAE immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dhaiban
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mena Al-Ani
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- College of Medicine and Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Yokoda RT, Rodriguez EA. Review: Pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:423-435. [PMID: 32952871 PMCID: PMC7475774 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) begin to develop after an impairment of bile flow start to affect the biliary tree. Cholangiocytes actively participate in the liver response to injury and repair and the intensity of this reaction is a determinant factor for the development of CLD. Progressive cholangiopathies may ultimately lead to end-stage liver disease requiring at the end orthotopic liver transplantation. This narrative review will discuss cholangiocyte biology and pathogenesis mechanisms involved in four intrahepatic CLD: Primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cystic fibrosis involving the liver, and polycystic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel T Yokoda
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Eduardo A Rodriguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
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20
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Karpus WJ. Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:316-326. [PMID: 31907274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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21
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Wasilko DJ, Johnson ZL, Ammirati M, Che Y, Griffor MC, Han S, Wu H. Structural basis for chemokine receptor CCR6 activation by the endogenous protein ligand CCL20. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3031. [PMID: 32541785 PMCID: PMC7295996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are important protein-signaling molecules that regulate various immune responses by activating chemokine receptors which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Despite the substantial progression of our structural understanding of GPCR activation by small molecule and peptide agonists, the molecular mechanism of GPCR activation by protein agonists remains unclear. Here, we present a 3.3-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human chemokine receptor CCR6 bound to its endogenous ligand CCL20 and an engineered Go. CCL20 binds in a shallow extracellular pocket, making limited contact with the core 7-transmembrane (TM) bundle. The structure suggests that this mode of binding induces allosterically a rearrangement of a noncanonical toggle switch and the opening of the intracellular crevice for G protein coupling. Our results demonstrate that GPCR activation by a protein agonist does not always require substantial interactions between ligand and the 7TM core region. Chemokine receptors are GPCRs involved in immune responses and regulated by small protein ligands known as chemokines. A structural study of the human CCR6/CCL20–Go complex reveals that CCL20 binds in a shallow extracellular pocket, and suggests that activation of CCR6 by CCL20 binding involves an allosteric effect on a noncanonical toggle switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jonathan Wasilko
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Zachary Lee Johnson
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Mark Ammirati
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Ye Che
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Matthew C Griffor
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Seungil Han
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Huixian Wu
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
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22
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Ghorani E, Reading JL, Henry JY, Massy MRD, Rosenthal R, Turati V, Joshi K, Furness AJS, Ben Aissa A, Saini SK, Ramskov S, Georgiou A, Sunderland MW, Wong YNS, Mucha MVD, Day W, Galvez-Cancino F, Becker PD, Uddin I, Oakes T, Ismail M, Ronel T, Woolston A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Veeriah S, Birkbak NJ, Wilson GA, Litchfield K, Conde L, Guerra-Assunção JA, Blighe K, Biswas D, Salgado R, Lund T, Bakir MA, Moore DA, Hiley CT, Loi S, Sun Y, Yuan Y, AbdulJabbar K, Turajilic S, Herrero J, Enver T, Hadrup SR, Hackshaw A, Peggs KS, McGranahan N, Chain B, Swanton C, Quezada SA. The T cell differentiation landscape is shaped by tumour mutations in lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:546-561. [PMID: 32803172 PMCID: PMC7115931 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour mutational burden (TMB) predicts immunotherapy outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), consistent with immune recognition of tumour neoantigens. However, persistent antigen exposure is detrimental for T cell function. How TMB affects CD4 and CD8 T cell differentiation in untreated tumours, and whether this affects patient outcomes is unknown. Here we paired high-dimensional flow cytometry, exome, single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing from patients with resected, untreated NSCLC to examine these relationships. TMB was associated with compartment-wide T cell differentiation skewing, characterized by loss of TCF7-expressing progenitor-like CD4 T cells, and an increased abundance of dysfunctional CD8 and CD4 T cell subsets, with significant phenotypic and transcriptional similarity to neoantigen-reactive CD8 T cells. A gene signature of redistribution from progenitor-like to dysfunctional states associated with poor survival in lung and other cancer cohorts. Single-cell characterization of these populations informs potential strategies for therapeutic manipulation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Jake Y Henry
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Marc Robert de Massy
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Virginia Turati
- Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kroopa Joshi
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew J S Furness
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Assma Ben Aissa
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sunil Kumar Saini
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie Ramskov
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariana Werner Sunderland
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Yien Ning Sophia Wong
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria Vila De Mucha
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - William Day
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Felipe Galvez-Cancino
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Pablo D Becker
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Imran Uddin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Theres Oakes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mazlina Ismail
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tahel Ronel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annemarie Woolston
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gareth A Wilson
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin Blighe
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Dhruva Biswas
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Lund
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David A Moore
- Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Crispin T Hiley
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Samra Turajilic
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Sine R Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK and University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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23
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Balasa R, Barcutean L, Balasa A, Motataianu A, Roman-Filip C, Manu D. The action of TH17 cells on blood brain barrier in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:237-243. [PMID: 32122685 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells, known as a highly pro-inflammatory subtype of Th cells, are involved very early in numerous aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) neuropathology. A crucial event for the formation and accumulation of MS lesions is represented by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in relapsing-remitting MS. Th17 cells also contribute to the progression of MS/EAE. These events will allow for the passage of inflammatory cells into the brain. Secondary to this, increased recruitment of neutrophils occurs, followed by increased protease activity that will continue to attract macrophages and monocytes, leading to brain inflammation with sustained myelin and axon damage. This review focuses mainly on the role of Th17 cells in penetrating the BBB and on their important effects on BBB disruption via their main secretion products, IL-17 and IL-22. We present the morphological aspects of Th17 cells that allow for intercellular contacts with BBB endothelial cells and the functional/secretory particularities of Th17 cells that allow for intercellular communications that enhance Th17 entry into the CNS. The cytokines and chemokines involved in these processes are described. In conclusion, Th17 cells can efficiently cross the BBB using pathways distinct from those used by Th1 cells, leading to BBB disruption, the activation of other inflammatory cells and neurodegeneration in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Balasa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Motataianu
- Neurology 1 Clinic, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Tirgu Mures, Romania; Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology Tirgu Mures, Romania.
| | | | - Doina Manu
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Tirgu Mures, Romania
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24
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, Alanazi AZ, Alsanea S, As Sobeai HM, Almutairi MM, Mahmood HM, Attia SM. The Stat3 inhibitor, S3I-201, downregulates lymphocyte activation markers, chemokine receptors, and inflammatory cytokines in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse model of autism. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Das M, Tang X, Han JY, Mayilsamy K, Foran E, Biswal MR, Tzekov R, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. CCL20-CCR6 axis modulated traumatic brain injury-induced visual pathologies. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:115. [PMID: 31151410 PMCID: PMC6544928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the USA and the world; it constitutes 30% of injury-related deaths (Taylor et al., MMWR Surveill Summ 66:1-16, 2017). Contact sports athletes often experience repetitive TBI (rTBI), which exerts a cumulative effect later in life. Visual impairment is a common after-effect of TBI. Previously, we have shown that C-C chemokine 20 (CCL20) plays a critical role in neurodegeneration and inflammation following TBI (Das et al., J Neuroinflammation 8:148, 2011). C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is the only receptor that CCL20 interacts with. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of CCL20-CCR6 axis in mediating rTBI-induced visual dysfunction (TVD). METHODS Wild type (WT) or CCR6 knock out (CCR6-/-) mice were subjected to closed head rTBI. Pioglitazone (PG) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist which downregulates CCL20 production. Subsets of WT mice were treated with PG following final rTBI. A subset of mice was also treated with anti-CCL20 antibody to neutralize the CCL20 produced after rTBI. Histopathological assessments were performed to show cerebral pathologies, retinal pathologies, and inflammatory changes induced by rTBI. RESULTS rTBI induced cerebral neurodegeneration, retinal degeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis, and CCL20 expression. CCR6-/- mice showed reduced retinal degeneration, microgliosis, and inflammation. Treatment with CCL20 neutralization antibody or PG showed reduced CCL20 expression along with reduced retinal degeneration and inflammation. rTBI-induced GFAP-positive glial activation in the optic nerve was not affected by knocking out CCR6. CONCLUSION The present data indicate that rTBI-induced retinal pathology is mediated at least in part by CCL20 in a CCR6-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahasweta Das
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elspeth Foran
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Manas R Biswal
- Graduate Programs at College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Radouil Tzekov
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Graduate Programs at College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Graduate Programs at College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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26
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Berghmans N, Al-Obeidan SA, Gikandi PW, Opdenakker G, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The CC chemokines CCL8, CCL13 and CCL20 are local inflammatory biomarkers of HLA-B27-associated uveitis. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:e122-e128. [PMID: 30242977 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the concentrations of the CC chemokines CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL20, CCL24 and CCL26 in aqueous humour (AH) samples from patients with specific uveitic entities. METHODS Aqueous humour samples from patients with active uveitis associated with Behçet's disease (BD) (n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 8), HLA-B27-related inflammation (n = 12), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease (n = 12) and control patients (n = 9) were assayed with the use of a multiplex assay. RESULTS When considering all uveitis patients as one group, all chemokine levels except CCL2 were significantly increased compared to controls. CCL8, CCL13 and CCL20 were the most strongly upregulated, 48-fold, 118-fold and 173-fold, respectively, above control AH levels. CCL8 and CCL13 levels were significantly higher in HLA-B27-associated uveitis than in sarcoidosis and VKH disease. CCL20 levels were significantly higher in HLA-B27-associated uveitis than in BD, sarcoidosis and VKH disease. In addition, CCL20 levels were significantly higher in BD than in VKH disease. In HLA-B27-associated uveitis, CCL8, CCL13 and CCL20 were upregulated 111-fold, 255-fold and 465-fold, respectively, compared with controls. CCL8, CCL13 and CCL20 levels were significantly higher in nongranulomatous uveitis (BD and HLA-B27-associated uveitis) than in granulomatous uveitis (sarcoidosis and VKH disease). CONCLUSION Immune responses mediated by CCL8, CCL13 and CCL20 appear to be more potent in nongranulomatous uveitis, particularly in HLA-B27-associated uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Leuven; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Saleh A. Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Priscilla W. Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology; College of Medicine; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Leuven; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Leuven; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Leuven; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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27
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Lyu M, Li Y, Hao Y, Lyu C, Huang Y, Sun B, Li H, Xue F, Liu X, Yang R. CCR6 defines a subset of activated memory T cells of Th17 potential in immune thrombocytopenia. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:345-357. [PMID: 30403287 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current researches have determined the significance of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)6 expression as either a marker of T helper cells (Th) or an effector and regulator of T cell function. However, the roles of CCR6 in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phenotype and functional characteristics of circulating CCR6+ T cells in blood from chronic ITP patients and healthy controls. We found that the frequency of CCR6+ CD4+ cells was higher in ITP patients than in healthy controls. Anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation induced rapid expansion of CCR6+ CD4+ cells in ITP patients. CCR6+ CD4+ cells had a phenotype of activated cells and predominantly expressed CD45RO. Forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) and CD25-positive cells were exclusively detected within the CCR6+ CD4+ cells. In ITP patients, CCR6+ regulatory T cells (Treg ) were decreased and positively correlated with platelet counts and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plasma levels. In contrast to CCR6- counterparts, CCR6+ CD4+ cells produced higher levels of interleukin (IL)-17A. The frequency of CCR6+ Th17 was higher in ITP patients and positively correlated with IL-17A levels in supernatant. Most importantly, CCR6+ CD4+ cell subpopulations, but not CCR6- CD4+ , were closely correlated to treatment response of ITP patients. These findings suggest that circulating CCR6+ CD4+ cells in ITP patients have characteristics of activated memory Th17 phenotype and could be used to monitor disease activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - C Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - B Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - F Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - R Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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28
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Ranasinghe R, Eri R. Modulation of the CCR6-CCL20 Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Inflammation and Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050088. [PMID: 30453514 PMCID: PMC6262638 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prototypical functions of the chemokine receptor CCR6 include immune regulation by maneuvering cell chemotaxis and selective delimiting of the pro-inflammatory TH17 and regulatory Treg subsets during chronic or acute systemic inflammation. Inhibition of CCR6 is proposed to attenuate disease symptoms and promote recuperation of multiple inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Prescription medicines with pharmacodynamics involving the inhibition of the chemokine axis CCR6–CCL20 are very limited. The development of such therapeutics is still at an early experimental stage and has mostly involved the utilization of pre-clinical models and neutralizing mono or polyclonal antibodies against either partner (CCR6 or CCL20). Other methods include the constitutive use of small molecules as peptide inhibitors or small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to interfere with transcription at the nuclear level. In our review, we aim to introduce the wide array of potential CCR6–CCL20 inhibitors with an emphasis on attendant immune-modulator capacity that have been tested in the research field to date and are immensely promising compounds as forerunners of future curatives. Sixteen different tractable inhibitors of the CCR6–CCL20 duo have been identified as possessing high medicinal potential by drug developers worldwide to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as shown in Figure 1. A multitude of antibody preparations are already available in the current pharmaceutical market as patented treatments for diseases in which the CCR6–CCL20 axis is operative, yet they must be used only as supplements with existing routinely prescribed medication as they collectively produce adverse side effects. Novel inhibitors are needed to evaluate this invaluable therapeutic target which holds much promise in the research and development of complaisant remedies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmali Ranasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia.
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29
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Noguchi K, Kamiyama N, Hidano S, Gendo Y, Sonoda A, Ozaki T, Hirose H, Sachi N, Saechue B, Ozaka S, Eshita Y, Mizukami K, Kawano K, Kobayashi T. Autoimmune sialadenitis is associated with the upregulation of chemokine/chemokine receptor pairs in T cell-specific TRAF6-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:245-250. [PMID: 30190125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialadenitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the salivary glands including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. There are several different types of sialadenitis, each with different sites of predilection. However, the pathogenic mechanism underlying the tissue specificity of sialadenitis is largely unknown. TRAF6 is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that is necessary for the activation of dendritic cells in response to Toll-like receptor ligands, thereby regulating innate immune responses. We previously demonstrated that T cell-specific TRAF6-deficient mice (TRAF6ΔT mice) spontaneously develop systemic inflammatory disease. Here, we show that salivary secretion is reduced in TRAF6ΔT mice due to sialadenitis that occurs in the parotid and submandibular glands, but not the sublingual glands. Consistent with pathological findings, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells predominantly infiltrated the submandibular glands; however, sublingual infiltration was rare in TRAF6ΔT mice. The TH1 cytokine IFN-γ, the TH1 cell attractant chemokine CCL2, and its cognate receptor CCR2 were upregulated concomitantly in both the submandibular and sublingual glands. Interestingly, the TH17 cell attractant chemokine CCL20 and its cognate receptor CCR6 were selectively increased in the submandibular glands, but not in the sublingual glands of TRAF6ΔT mice. Thus, the expression of TRAF6 in T cells might be implicated in tissue-specific sialadenitis by regulating the chemokine-chemokine receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Noguchi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuki Eshita
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Japan
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30
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Kim BS, Lu H, Ichiyama K, Chen X, Zhang YB, Mistry NA, Tanaka K, Lee YH, Nurieva R, Zhang L, Yang X, Chung Y, Jin W, Chang SH, Dong C. Generation of RORγt + Antigen-Specific T Regulatory 17 Cells from Foxp3 + Precursors in Autoimmunity. Cell Rep 2018; 21:195-207. [PMID: 28978473 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are potent mediators in autoimmune diseases, and RORγt is required for their development. Recent studies have shown that RORγt+ Treg cells in the gut regulate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting effector T cell function. In the current study, we report that RORγt+ Treg cells were also found in lymph nodes following immunization. Not only distinct from intestinal RORγt+ Treg cells in their transcriptomes, peripheral RORγt+ Treg cells were derived from Foxp3+ thymic Treg cells in an antigen-specific manner. Development of these RORγt+ Treg cells, coined T regulatory 17 (Tr17) cells, depended on IL-6/Stat3 signaling. Tr17 cells showed suppressive activity against antigen-specific effector T cells in vitro. In addition, Tr17 cells efficiently inhibited myelin-specific Th17-cell-mediated CNS auto-inflammation in a passive EAE model. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Tr17 cells are effector Treg cells that potentially restrict autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiping Lu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kenji Ichiyama
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nipun A Mistry
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Xuexian Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jin
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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31
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Pranzatelli MR. Advances in Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Targeting Chemokines/Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:557. [PMID: 29670611 PMCID: PMC5893838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept and recognized components of “neuroinflammation” are expanding at the intersection of neurobiology and immunobiology. Chemokines (CKs), no longer merely necessary for immune cell trafficking and positioning, have multiple physiologic, developmental, and modulatory functionalities in the central nervous system (CNS) through neuron–glia interactions and other mechanisms affecting neurotransmission. They issue the “help me” cry of neurons and astrocytes in response to CNS injury, engaging invading lymphoid cells (T cells and B cells) and myeloid cells (dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils) (adaptive immunity), as well as microglia and macrophages (innate immunity), in a cascade of events, some beneficial (reparative), others destructive (excitotoxic). Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies have been instrumental in revealing soluble immunobiomarkers involved in immune dysregulation, their dichotomous effects, and the cells—often subtype specific—that produce them. CKs/cytokines continue to be attractive targets for the pharmaceutical industry with varying therapeutic success. This review summarizes the developing armamentarium, complexities of not compromising surveillance/physiologic functions, and insights on applicable strategies for neuroinflammatory disorders. The main approach has been using a designer monoclonal antibody to bind directly to the chemo/cytokine. Another approach is soluble receptors to bind the chemo/cytokine molecule (receptor ligand). Recombinant fusion proteins combine a key component of the receptor with IgG1. An additional approach is small molecule antagonists (protein therapeutics, binding proteins, and protein antagonists). CK neutralizing molecules (“neutraligands”) that are not receptor antagonists, high-affinity neuroligands (“decoy molecules”), as well as neutralizing “nanobodies” (single-domain camelid antibody fragment) are being developed. Simultaneous, more precise targeting of more than one cytokine is possible using bispecific agents (fusion antibodies). It is also possible to inhibit part of a signaling cascade to spare protective cytokine effects. “Fusokines” (fusion of two cytokines or a cytokine and CK) allow greater synergistic bioactivity than individual cytokines. Another promising approach is experimental targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, amply expressed in the CNS and a key contributor to neuroinflammation. Serendipitous discovery is not to be discounted. Filling in knowledge gaps between pediatric- and adult-onset neuroinflammation by systematic collection of CSF data on CKs/cytokines in temporal and clinical contexts and incorporating immunobiomarkers in clinical trials is a challenge hereby set forth for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Pranzatelli
- National Pediatric Neuroinflammation Organization, Inc., Orlando, FL, United States.,College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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32
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Li R, Sun X, Shu Y, Wang Y, Xiao L, Wang Z, Hu X, Kermode AG, Qiu W. Serum CCL20 and its association with SIRT1 activity in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 313:56-60. [PMID: 29153609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CCL20 is a potentially important component in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). SIRT1 exhibits a negative regulatory effect on a variety of inflammatory cytokines and can relieve experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The association between the level of CCL20 and SIRT1 activity in MS patients has not been investigated. In the present study, blood samples were collected from 38 RRMS patients and 40 healthy controls. The serum CCL20 levels were measured by ELISA. SIRT1 activity was evaluated by fluorometric assay. We revealed elevated serum CCL20 concentrations in MS, and discovered an inverse correlation between CCL20 and SIRT1 activity in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, China
| | - Xueqiang Hu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Allan G Kermode
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia; Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Wei Qiu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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33
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Natural and induced immunization against CCL20 ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalitis and may confer protection against multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:316-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Göschl L, Preglej T, Hamminger P, Bonelli M, Andersen L, Boucheron N, Gülich AF, Müller L, Saferding V, Mufazalov IA, Hirahara K, Seiser C, Matthias P, Penz T, Schuster M, Bock C, Waisman A, Steiner G, Ellmeier W. A T cell-specific deletion of HDAC1 protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Autoimmun 2017; 86:51-61. [PMID: 28964722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a human neurodegenerative disease characterized by the invasion of autoreactive T cells from the periphery into the CNS. Application of pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, suggesting that HDACi might be a potential therapeutic strategy for MS. However, the function of individual HDAC members in the pathogenesis of EAE is not known. In this study we report that mice with a T cell-specific deletion of HDAC1 (using the Cd4-Cre deleter strain; HDAC1-cKO) were completely resistant to EAE despite the ability of HDAC1cKO CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells. RNA sequencing revealed STAT1 as a prominent upstream regulator of differentially expressed genes in activated HDAC1-cKO CD4+ T cells and this was accompanied by a strong increase in phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1). This suggests that HDAC1 controls STAT1 activity in activated CD4+ T cells. Increased pSTAT1 levels correlated with a reduced expression of the chemokine receptors Ccr4 and Ccr6, which are important for the migration of T cells into the CNS. Finally, EAE susceptibility was restored in WT:HDAC1-cKO mixed BM chimeric mice, indicating a cell-autonomous defect. Our data demonstrate a novel pathophysiological role for HDAC1 in EAE and provide evidence that selective inhibition of HDAC1 might be a promising strategy for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Göschl
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Preglej
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Hamminger
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Liisa Andersen
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra F Gülich
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Müller
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Saferding
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-PRIME, AMED, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Christian Seiser
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Günter Steiner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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A fully humanized IgG-like bispecific antibody for effective dual targeting of CXCR3 and CCR6. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184278. [PMID: 28873441 PMCID: PMC5584921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are pivotal for the trafficking of leukocytes during immune responses, and host defense. However, immune cell migration also contributes to a wide variety of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Compelling evidence suggests that both CXCR3 and CCR6 chemokine receptors play crucial roles in the migration of pathological Th1 and Th17 cells during the course of certain inflammatory diseases. The use of two or more receptors by pathogenic cells may explain why targeting of individual receptors has proven disappointing in the clinic. We therefore hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of both CXCR3 and CCR6 with a bispecific antibody (BsAb) might result in decreased chemotaxis and/or specific depletion of pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. In this study, we designed and characterized a fully humanized BsAb. We show that the BsAb binds to both chemokine receptors, as demonstrated by Flow Cytometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the BsAb effectively blocks cell chemotaxis and induces specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. Therefore, we propose that dual targeting of CXCR3 and CCR6 with a fully humanized BsAb may display a potent interventional approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Robert R, Ang C, Sun G, Juglair L, Lim EX, Mason LJ, Payne NL, Bernard CC, Mackay CR. Essential role for CCR6 in certain inflammatory diseases demonstrated using specific antagonist and knockin mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94821. [PMID: 28768901 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR6 marks subsets of T cells and innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22, and as such may play a role in the recruitment of these cells to certain inflammatory sites. However, the precise role of CCR6 has been controversial, in part because no effective monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibitors against this receptor exist for use in mouse models of inflammation. We circumvented this problem using transgenic mice expressing human CCR6 (hCCR6) under control of its native promoter (hCCR6-Tg/mCCR6-/-). We also developed a fully humanized mAb against hCCR6 with antagonistic activity. The expression pattern of hCCR6 in hCCR6-Tg/mCCR6-/- mice was consistent with the pattern observed in humans. In mouse models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and psoriasis, treatment with anti-hCCR6 mAb was remarkably effective in both preventive and therapeutic regimens. For instance, in the imiquimod model of psoriasis, anti-CCR6 completely abolished all signs of inflammation. Moreover, anti-hCCR6 attenuated clinical symptoms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced (MOG-induced) EAE and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the central nervous system. CCR6 plays a critical role in Th17 type inflammatory reactions, and CCR6 inhibition may offer an alternative approach for the treatment of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Robert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Caroline Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurent Juglair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ee X Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Linda J Mason
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Natalie L Payne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claude Ca Bernard
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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CCR6 + Th cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of persons with multiple sclerosis are dominated by pathogenic non-classic Th1 cells and GM-CSF-only-secreting Th cells. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:71-79. [PMID: 28336414 PMCID: PMC5490506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been given to CCR6+ IL-17-secreting CD4+ T cells (Th17) in the pathology of a number of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, other Th subsets also play important pathogenic roles, including those that secrete IFNγ and GM-CSF. CCR6 expression by Th17 cells allows their migration across the choroid plexus into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where they are involved in the early phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and in MS these cells are elevated in the CSF during relapses and contain high frequencies of autoreactive cells. However, the relatively low frequency of Th17 cells suggests they cannot by themselves account for the high percentage of CCR6+ cells in MS CSF. Here we identify the dominant CCR6+ T cell subsets in both the blood and CSF as non-classic Th1 cells, including many that secrete GM-CSF, a key encephalitogenic cytokine. In addition, we show that Th cells secreting GM-CSF but not IFNγ or IL-17, a subset termed GM-CSF-only-secreting Th cells, also accumulate in the CSF. Importantly, in MS the proportion of IFNγ- and GM-CSF-secreting T cells expressing CCR6 was significantly enriched in the CSF, and was elevated in MS, suggesting these cells play a pathogenic role in this disease.
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Chen J, Martindale JL, Cramer C, Gorospe M, Atasoy U, Drew PD, Yu S. The RNA-binding protein HuR contributes to neuroinflammation by promoting C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) expression on Th17 cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14532-14543. [PMID: 28684423 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.782771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In both multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is critical for pathogenic T helper 17 (Th17) cell migration to the central nervous system (CNS). Whereas many cytokines and their receptors are potently regulated via post-transcriptional mechanisms in response to various stimuli, how CCR6 expression is post-transcriptionally regulated in Th17 cells is unknown. Here, using RNA-binding protein HuR conditional knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, we present evidence that HuR post-transcriptionally regulates CCR6 expression by binding to and stabilizing Ccr6 mRNA and by promoting CCR6 translation. We also found that HuR down-regulates several microRNA expressions, which could target the 3'-UTR of Ccr6 mRNA for decay. Accordingly, knock-out of HuR reduced CCR6 expression on Th17 cells and impaired their migration to CNS compared with the response of WT Th17 cells and thereby ameliorated EAE. Together, these findings highlight how HuR contributes to Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation and support the notion that targeting HuR might be a potential therapeutic intervention for managing autoimmune disorders of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- From the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467, .,the Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- the Laboratory of Genetics, NIA-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Carole Cramer
- From the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- the Laboratory of Genetics, NIA-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Ulus Atasoy
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Paul D Drew
- the Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, and
| | - Shiguang Yu
- the Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, .,the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72467
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Milovanovic J, Popovic B, Milovanovic M, Kvestak D, Arsenijevic A, Stojanovic B, Tanaskovic I, Krmpotic A, Arsenijevic N, Jonjic S, Lukic ML. Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces Susceptibility to EAE in Resistant BALB/c Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:192. [PMID: 28289417 PMCID: PMC5326788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice are relatively resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after challenge with MOG35–55 peptide. Here, we provide the first evidence that infection with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in adulthood abrogates this resistance. Infected BALB/c mice developed clinical and histological signs similar to those seen in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. In addition to CD4+ cells, large proportion of cells in the infiltrate of diseased BALB/c mice was CD8+, similar with findings in multiple sclerosis. CD8+ cells that responded to ex vivo restimulation with MOG35–55 were not specific for viral epitopes pp89 and m164. MCMV infection favors proinflammatory type of dendritic cells (CD86+CD40+CD11c+) in the peripheral lymph organs, M1 type of microglia in central nervous system, and increases development of Th1/Th17 encephalitogenic cells. This study indicates that MCMV may enhance autoimmune neuropathology and abrogate inherent resistance to EAE in mouse strain by enhancing proinflammatory phenotype of antigen-presenting cells, Th1/Th17, and CD8 response to MOG35–55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Histology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Branka Popovic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Daria Kvestak
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Irena Tanaskovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Histology, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Astrid Krmpotic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
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Gregor CE, Foeng J, Comerford I, McColl SR. Chemokine-Driven CD4 + T Cell Homing: New Concepts and Recent Advances. Adv Immunol 2017; 135:119-181. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Castillo EF, Zheng H, Van Cabanlong C, Dong F, Luo Y, Yang Y, Liu M, Kao WWY, Yang XO. Lumican negatively controls the pathogenicity of murine encephalitic TH17 cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2852-2861. [PMID: 27682997 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TH17 cells play an essential role in the development of both human multiple sclerosis and animal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Nevertheless, it is not well understood how the pathogenicity of TH17 cells is controlled in the autoimmune neuroinflammation. In vitro, we found Lumican (Lum), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is selectively expressed by TH17 cells among tested murine TH subsets. Lum deficiency leads to earlier onset and enhanced severity of EAE. This enhanced disease in Lum-deficient mice is associated with increased production of IL-17 and IL-21 and decreased TH17 cell apoptosis. Dysregulation in cytokine production appears to be specific to TH17 cells as TH1 and TH2 cell polarization and/or cytokine production were unaltered. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein specific TH17 cells derived from Lum-deficient mice led to earlier onset and increased severity of disease compared to controls highlighting a TH17-cell-intrinsic effect of Lum. Taken together, our results suggest that Lum negatively regulates encephalitic TH17 cells, implicating a potential therapeutic pathway in TH17 cell mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Handong Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christian Van Cabanlong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fei Dong
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuexian O Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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42
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Pharmacological opportunities to control inflammatory diseases through inhibition of the leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Roth TL, Gray EE, Chen H, Rodda LB, Liang Y, Ventura P, Villeda S, Crocker PR, Cyster JG. Migratory and adhesive cues controlling innate-like lymphocyte surveillance of the pathogen-exposed surface of the lymph node. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27487469 PMCID: PMC5017864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) contain innate-like lymphocytes that survey the subcapsular sinus (SCS) and associated macrophages for pathogen entry. The factors promoting this surveillance behavior have not been defined. Here, we report that IL7RhiCcr6+ lymphocytes in mouse LNs rapidly produce IL17 upon bacterial and fungal challenge. We show that these innate-like lymphocytes are mostly LN resident. Ccr6 is required for their accumulation near the SCS and for efficient IL17 induction. Migration into the SCS intrinsically requires S1pr1, whereas movement from the sinus into the parenchyma involves the integrin LFA1 and its ligand ICAM1. CD169, a sialic acid-binding lectin, helps retain the cells within the sinus, preventing their loss in lymph flow. These findings establish a role for Ccr6 in augmenting innate-like lymphocyte responses to lymph-borne pathogens, and they define requirements for cell movement between parenchyma and SCS in what we speculate is a program of immune surveillance that helps achieve LN barrier immunity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18156.001 The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and a vital part of our immune system. Amongst other things, the lymphatic system carries microbes that have entered the body – for example via to a cut or mosquito bite – to small, oval-shaped organs called lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are packed with immune cells that can be activated to help fight off infections, however certain microbes actually replicate inside the lymph nodes themselves. Lymph nodes protect themselves from these infections by having some pre-armed immune cells that are ready to respond rapidly as soon as an invading microbe is detected. These cells, referred to as innate-like lymphocytes, position themselves at the exposed surfaces of the lymph node – the locations where microbes are most likely to enter the organ. However, it was not known which cues caused these immune cells to assemble and remain at these locations. Zhang et al. now reveal that a signaling molecule called CCL20 attracts the innate-like lymphocytes to the lymph node’s exposed surfaces, while a protein known as CD169 helps to securely attach the innate-like lymphocytes in place. Further experiments then confirmed that positioning the innate-like lymphocytes at this location made mice more able to fight off the disease-causing bacterium Staphyloccus aureus. Unexpectedly, Zhang et al. also found that innate-like lymphocytes can move from the surfaces of lymph node through to the underlying tissue. This unusual migratory behavior might allow the lymphocytes to search a larger area for the infectious microbes, though further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Future studies are also likely to focus on elucidating how the innate-like lymphocytes recognize different types of invaders, and how their activity keeps the lymph nodes healthy. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18156.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hsin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lauren B Rodda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Patrick Ventura
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Saul Villeda
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Dorgham K, Dejou C, Piesse C, Gorochov G, Pène J, Yssel H. Identification of the Single Immunodominant Region of the Native Human CC Chemokine Receptor 6 Recognized by Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157740. [PMID: 27336468 PMCID: PMC4919008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in cell trafficking and recruitment. The CCR6 chemokine receptor, selectively expressed on leukocyte populations, has been shown to play a deleterious role in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases and, as such, may constitute a prime target in the development of immunotherapeutic treatment. However, to date no neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for this chemokine receptor have been reported, whereas information on small molecules capable of interfering with the interaction of CCR6 and its ligands is scant. Here, we report the failure to generate neutralizing mouse mAbs specific for human (hu)CCR6. Immunization of mice with peptides mimicking extracellular domains, potentially involved in CCR6 function, failed to induce Abs reactive with the native receptor. Although the use of NIH-3T3 cells expressing huCCR6 resulted in the isolation of mAbs specific for this receptor, they were not able to block the interaction between huCCR6 and huCCL20. Investigation of the anti-huCCR6 mAbs generated in the present study, as well as those commercially available, show that all mAbs invariably recognize a unique, non-neutralizing, immunodominant region in the first part of its N-terminal domain. Together, these results indicate that the generation of potential neutralizing anti-huCCR6 mAbs in the mouse is unlikely to succeed and that alternative techniques, such as the use of other animal species for immunization, might constitute a better approach to generate such a potentially therapeutic tool for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1135, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1135, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Dejou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie, F-34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Piesse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS-FR 3631, Service de Synthèse Peptidique, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1135, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1135, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), F-75013, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d’Immunologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Pène
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Inserm U1183, F-34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1135, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1135, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), F-75013, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Cao Y, Goods BA, Raddassi K, Nepom GT, Kwok WW, Love JC, Hafler DA. Functional inflammatory profiles distinguish myelin-reactive T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:287ra74. [PMID: 25972006 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myelin-reactive T cells have been identified in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy subjects with comparable frequencies, but the contribution of these autoreactive T cells to disease pathology remains unknown. A total of 13,324 T cell libraries generated from blood of 23 patients and 22 healthy controls were interrogated for reactivity to myelin antigens. Libraries derived from CCR6(+) myelin-reactive T cells from patients with MS exhibited significantly enhanced production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) compared to healthy controls. Single-cell clones isolated by major histocompatibility complex/peptide tetramers from CCR6(+) T cell libraries also secreted more proinflammatory cytokines, whereas clones isolated from controls secreted more IL-10. The transcriptomes of myelin-specific CCR6(+) T cells from patients with MS were distinct from those derived from healthy controls and, notably, were enriched in T helper cell 17 (TH17)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis gene signatures, and gene signatures derived from TH17 cells isolated other human autoimmune diseases. These data, although not causal, imply that functional differences between antigen-specific T cells from MS and healthy controls are fundamental to disease development and support the notion that IL-10 production from myelin-reactive T cells may act to limit disease progression or even pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Cao
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brittany A Goods
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Benaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Jha MK, Lee WH, Suk K. Functional polarization of neuroglia: Implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 103:1-16. [PMID: 26556658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroscience research has established the adult brain as a dynamic organ having a unique ability to undergo changes with time. Neuroglia, especially microglia and astrocytes, provide dynamicity to the brain. Activation of these glial cells is a major component of the neuroinflammatory responses underlying brain injury and neurodegeneration. Glial cells execute functional reaction programs in response to diverse microenvironmental signals manifested by neuropathological conditions. Activated microglia exist along a continuum of two functional states of polarization namely M1-type (classical/proinflammatory activation) and M2-type (alternative/anti-inflammatory activation) as in macrophages. The balance between classically and alternatively activated microglial phenotypes influences disease progression in the CNS. The classically activated state of microglia drives the neuroinflammatory response and mediates the detrimental effects on neurons, whereas in their alternative activation state, which is apparently a beneficial activation state, the microglia play a crucial role in tissue maintenance and repair. Likewise, in response to immune or inflammatory microenvironments astrocytes also adopt neurotoxic or neuroprotective phenotypes. Reactive astrocytes exhibit two distinctive functional phenotypes defined by pro- or anti-inflammatory gene expression profile. In this review, we have thoroughly covered recent advances in the understanding of the functional polarization of brain and peripheral glia and its implications in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. The identifiable phenotypes adopted by neuroglia in response to specific insult or injury can be exploited as promising diagnostic markers of neuroinflammatory diseases. Furthermore, harnessing the beneficial effects of the polarized glia could undoubtedly pave the way for the formulation of novel glia-based therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Kara EE, McKenzie DR, Bastow CR, Gregor CE, Fenix KA, Ogunniyi AD, Paton JC, Mack M, Pombal DR, Seillet C, Dubois B, Liston A, MacDonald KPA, Belz GT, Smyth MJ, Hill GR, Comerford I, McColl SR. CCR2 defines in vivo development and homing of IL-23-driven GM-CSF-producing Th17 cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8644. [PMID: 26511769 PMCID: PMC4639903 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells are critical for host defense against extracellular pathogens but also drive numerous autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells that differ in their inflammatory potential have been described including IL-10-producing Th17 cells that are weak inducers of inflammation and highly inflammatory, IL-23-driven, GM-CSF/IFNγ-producing Th17 cells. However, their distinct developmental requirements, functions and trafficking mechanisms in vivo remain poorly understood. Here we identify a temporally regulated IL-23-dependent switch from CCR6 to CCR2 usage by developing Th17 cells that is critical for pathogenic Th17 cell-driven inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This switch defines a unique in vivo cell surface signature (CCR6−CCR2+) of GM-CSF/IFNγ-producing Th17 cells in EAE and experimental persistent extracellular bacterial infection, and in humans. Using this signature, we identify an IL-23/IL-1/IFNγ/TNFα/T-bet/Eomesodermin-driven circuit driving GM-CSF/IFNγ-producing Th17 cell formation in vivo. Thus, our data identify a unique cell surface signature, trafficking mechanism and T-cell intrinsic regulators of GM-CSF/IFNγ-producing Th17 cells. Little is known regarding migration of Th17 cells that produce distinct cytokines implicated in protection and pathology. Kara et al. show that a switch from CCR6 to CCR2 by Th17 cells defines a signature (CCR6−CCR2+) of GM-CSF+ Th17 cells and drives pathology in a mouse model of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin E Kara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Duncan R McKenzie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Cameron R Bastow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Carly E Gregor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin A Fenix
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Abiodun D Ogunniyi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Diana R Pombal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, VIB and University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyrill Seillet
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bénédicte Dubois
- Department of Neurosciences, KU-Leuven-University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, VIB and University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kelli P A MacDonald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.,The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Kavrochorianou N, Evangelidou M, Markogiannaki M, Tovey M, Thyphronitis G, Haralambous S. IFNAR signaling directly modulates T lymphocyte activity, resulting in milder experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:175-88. [PMID: 26232452 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1214-598r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interferon-β is used as first-line therapy for multiple sclerosis, the cell type-specific activity of type I interferons in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, remains obscure. In this study, we have elucidated the in vivo immunomodulatory role of type I interferon signaling in T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by use of a novel transgenic mouse, carrying a cd2-ifnar1 transgene on a interferon-α/β receptor 1 null genetic background, thus allowing expression of the interferon-α/β receptor 1 and hence, a functional type I interferon receptor exclusively on T cells. These transgenic mice exhibited milder experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with reduced T cell infiltration, demyelination, and axonal damage in the central nervous system. It is noteworthy that interferon-β administration in transgenic mice generated a more pronounced, protective effect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared with untreated littermates. In vivo studies demonstrated that before experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis onset, endogenous type I interferon receptor signaling in T cells led to impaired T-helper 17 responses, with a reduced fraction of CCR6(+) CD4(+) T cells in the periphery. At the acute phase, an increased proportion of interleukin-10- and interferon-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells was detected in the periphery of the transgenic mice, accompanied by up-regulation of the interferon-γ-induced gene Irgm1 in peripheral T cells. Together, these results reveal a hitherto unknown T cell-associated protective role of type I interferon in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that may provide valuable clues for designing novel therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kavrochorianou
- *Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Evangelidou
- †Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Melina Markogiannaki
- *Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Tovey
- ‡Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Pharmacology Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - George Thyphronitis
- §Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece,Correspondence: G.T., Dept. of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. E-mail:
| | - Sylva Haralambous
- *Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece,Correspondence: S.H., Inflammation Research Group, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece. E-mail:
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CCL20 is elevated during obesity and differentially regulated by NF-κB subunits in pancreatic β-cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:637-52. [PMID: 25882704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced leukocytic infiltration into pancreatic islets contributes to inflammation-based diminutions in functional β-cell mass. Insulitis (aka islet inflammation), which can be present in both T1DM and T2DM, is one factor influencing pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction. IL-1β, an inflammatory mediator in both T1DM and T2DM, acutely (within 1h) induced expression of the CCL20 gene in rat and human islets and clonal β-cell lines. Transcriptional induction of CCL20 required the p65 subunit of NF-κB to replace the p50 subunit at two functional κB sites within the CCL20 proximal gene promoter. The NF-κB p50 subunit prevents CCL20 gene expression during unstimulated conditions and overexpression of p50 reduces CCL20, but enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcript accumulation after exposure to IL-1β. We also identified differential recruitment of specific co-activator molecules to the CCL20 gene promoter, when compared with the CCL2 and COX2 genes, revealing distinct transcriptional requirements for individual NF-κB responsive genes. Moreover, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ individually increased the expression of CCR6, the receptor for CCL20, on the surface of human neutrophils. We further found that the chemokine CCL20 is elevated in serum from both genetically obese db/db mice and in C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet. Taken together, these results are consistent with a possible activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis in diseases with inflammatory components. Thus, interfering with this signaling pathway, either at the level of NF-κB-mediated chemokine production, or downstream receptor activation, could be a potential therapeutic target to offset inflammation-associated tissue dysfunction in obesity and diabetes.
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50
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Singh SP, Zhang HH, Tsang H, Gardina PJ, Myers TG, Nagarajan V, Lee CH, Farber JM. PLZF regulates CCR6 and is critical for the acquisition and maintenance of the Th17 phenotype in human cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4350-61. [PMID: 25833398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells, which express the chemokine receptor CCR6, are implicated in many immune-mediated disorders, such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. We found that expression levels of CCR6 on human effector/memory CD4(+) T cells reflect a continuum of Th17 differentiation. By evaluating the transcriptome in cells with increasing CCR6, we detected progressive upregulation of ZBTB16, which encodes the broad complex, tramtrack, bric-à-brac-zinc finger transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). Using chromatin immunoprecipitation for modified histones, p300, and PLZF, we identified enhancer-like sites at -9/-10 and -13/-14 kb from the upstream transcription start site of CCR6 that bind PLZF in CCR6(+) cells. For Th cells from adult blood, both in the CCR6(+) memory population and in naive cells activated ex vivo, knockdown of ZBTB16 downregulated CCR6 and other Th17-associated genes. ZBTB16 and RORC (which encodes the "master regulator" RORγt) cross-regulate each other, and PLZF binds at the RORC promoter in CCR6(+) cells. In naive Th cells from cord blood, ZBTB16 expression was confined to CD161(+) cells, which are Th17 cell precursors. ZBTB16 was not expressed in mouse Th17 cells, and Th17 cells could be made from luxoid mice, which harbor an inactivating mutation in Zbtb16. These studies demonstrate a role for PLZF as an activator of transcription important both for Th17 differentiation and the maintenance of the Th17 phenotype in human cells, expand the role of PLZF as a critical regulator in the human adaptive immune system, and identify a novel, essential element in a regulatory network that is of significant therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul J Gardina
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Vijayaraj Nagarajan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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