1
|
Branch MC, Weber M, Li MY, Flora P, Ezhkova E. Overview of chromatin regulatory processes during surface ectodermal development and homeostasis. Dev Biol 2024; 515:30-45. [PMID: 38971398 PMCID: PMC11317222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The ectoderm is the outermost of the three germ layers of the early embryo that arise during gastrulation. Once the germ layers are established, the complex interplay of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration results in organogenesis. The ectoderm is the progenitor of both the surface ectoderm and the neural ectoderm. Notably, the surface ectoderm develops into the epidermis and its associated appendages, nails, external exocrine glands, olfactory epithelium, and the anterior pituitary. Specification, development, and homeostasis of these organs demand a tightly orchestrated gene expression program that is often dictated by epigenetic regulation. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries that have highlighted the importance of chromatin regulatory mechanisms mediated by transcription factors, histone and DNA modifications that aid in the development of surface ectodermal organs and maintain their homeostasis post-development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan C Branch
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madison Weber
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Yen Li
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pooja Flora
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Ezhkova
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akdeniz YS, Özkan S. New markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 123:1-63. [PMID: 39181619 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a global healthcare and socioeconomic burden, is a multifaceted respiratory disorder that results in substantial decline in health status and life quality. Acute exacerbations of the disease contribute significantly to increased morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the identification of reliable and effective biomarkers for rapid diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of exacerbations is imperative. In addition, biomarkers play a crucial role in monitoring responses to therapeutic interventions and exploring innovative treatment strategies. Although established markers such as CRP, fibrinogen and neutrophil count are routinely used, a universal marker is lacking. Fortunately, an increasing number of studies based on next generation analytics have explored potential biomarkers in COPD. Here we review those advances and the need for standardized validation studies in the appropriate clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Senem Akdeniz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Seda Özkan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaliniak S, Fiedoruk K, Spałek J, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Góźdź S, Bucki R, Okła S. Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1295-1323. [PMID: 38434581 PMCID: PMC10906676 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. CRS is a heterogeneous condition characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns (endotypes) and phenotypes associated with the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of nasal polyps. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and tissue remodeling are the hallmarks of CRS. However, the underlying factors, their priority, and the mechanisms of inflammatory responses remain unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed that link CRS etiology and pathogenesis with host (eg, "immune barrier") and exogenous factors (eg, bacterial/fungal pathogens, dysbiotic microbiota/biofilms, or staphylococcal superantigens). The abnormal interplay between these factors is likely central to the pathophysiology of CRS by triggering compensatory immune responses. Here, we discuss the role of the sinonasal microbiota in CRS and its biofilms in the context of mucosal zinc (Zn) deficiency, serving as a possible unifying link between five host and "bacterial" hypotheses of CRS that lead to sinus mucosa remodeling. To date, no clear correlation between sinonasal microbiota and CRS has been established. However, the predominance of Corynebacteria and Staphylococci and their interspecies relationships likely play a vital role in the formation of the CRS-associated microbiota. Zn-mediated "nutritional immunity", exerted via calprotectin, alongside the dysregulation of Zn-dependent cellular processes, could be a crucial microbiota-shaping factor in CRS. Similar to cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SPLUNC1-mediated regulation of mucus volume and pH in CRS has been considered. We complement the biofilms' "mechanistic" and "mucin" hypotheses behind CRS pathogenesis with the "structural" one - associated with bacterial "corncob" structures. Finally, microbiota restoration approaches for CRS prevention and treatment are reviewed, including pre- and probiotics, as well as Nasal Microbiota Transplantation (NMT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Niclosamide, but not ivermectin, inhibits anoctamin 1 and 6 and attenuates inflammation of the respiratory tract. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:211-227. [PMID: 37979051 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory airway diseases like cystic fibrosis, asthma and COVID-19 are characterized by high levels of pulmonary cytokines. Two well-established antiparasitic drugs, niclosamide and ivermectin, are intensively discussed for the treatment of viral inflammatory airway infections. Here, we examined these repurposed drugs with respect to their anti-inflammatory effects in airways in vivo and in vitro. Niclosamide reduced mucus content, eosinophilic infiltration and cell death in asthmatic mouse lungs in vivo and inhibited release of interleukins in the two differentiated airway epithelial cell lines CFBE and BCi-NS1.1 in vitro. Cytokine release was also inhibited by the knockdown of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) and the phospholipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6, TMEM16F), which have previously been shown to affect intracellular Ca2+ levels near the plasma membrane and to facilitate exocytosis. At concentrations around 200 nM, niclosamide inhibited inflammation, lowered intracellular Ca2+, acidified cytosolic pH and blocked activation of ANO1 and ANO6. It is suggested that niclosamide brings about its anti-inflammatory effects at least in part by inhibiting ANO1 and ANO6, and by lowering intracellular Ca2+ levels. In contrast to niclosamide, 1 µM ivermectin did not exert any of the effects described for niclosamide. The present data suggest niclosamide as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in CF, asthma, and COVID-19, in addition to its previously reported antiviral effects. It has an advantageous concentration-response relationship and is known to be well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Germany University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kayongo A, Nyiro B, Siddharthan T, Kirenga B, Checkley W, Lutaakome Joloba M, Ellner J, Salgame P. Mechanisms of lung damage in tuberculosis: implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1146571. [PMID: 37415827 PMCID: PMC10320222 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for COPD. Severe lung function impairment has been reported in post-TB patients. Despite increasing evidence to support the association between TB and COPD, only a few studies describe the immunological basis of COPD among TB patients following successful treatment completion. In this review, we draw on well-elaborated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced immune mechanisms in the lungs to highlight shared mechanisms for COPD pathogenesis in the setting of tuberculosis disease. We further examine how such mechanisms could be exploited to guide COPD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Nyiro
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jerrold Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He M, Zhang G, Shen F, Li X. Effects of Z-VaD-Ala-Asp-Fluoromethyl Ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) and Acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Aldehyde(Ac-DEVD-CHO) on Inflammation and Mucus Secretion in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:69-78. [PMID: 36777242 PMCID: PMC9910210 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s385748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Smoking can lead to airway inflammation and mucus secretion through the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3/caspase-1 pathway. In this study, z-VaD-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone(Z-VAD), a pan-caspase inhibitor, and acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde(Ac-DEVD), a caspase-3 inhibitor, were used to investigate the effect of caspase inhibitors on the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-8, airway inflammation, and mucus secretion in mice exposed to cigarette smoke(CS). Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6J male mice were divided into a control group, Smoke group, Z-VAD group, and Ac-DEVD group. Except for the control group, the animals were all exposed to CS for three months. After the experiment, lung function was measured and hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and mucin 5ac(Muc5ac) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the control group, the lung function of mice exposed to smoke was poorer, with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating around the airway, collapse of alveoli, expansion and fusion of distal alveoli, and formation of emphysema. The Z-VAD group was relieved compared with the smoke group. Airway inflammation was also reduced in the Ac-DEVD group compared with the Smoke group, but the degree of emphysema was not significantly improved. Although Z-VAD relieved airway inflammation and emphysema, Ac-DEVD only relieved inflammation. Z-VAD and Ac-DEVD decreased serum IL-1β and IL-8 levels. In BALF, IL-1β was decreased in Z-VAD group and IL-8 was highest in Smoke +Ac-DEVD group compared with control group and Ac-DEVD group. There was no significant difference in the expression of Muc5ac in serum. However, in BALF, levels of Muc5ac were higher in the smoking group and the lowest in the Ac-DEVD group. Conclusion Mice exposed to smoke had decreased lung function and significant cilia lodging, epithelial cell shedding, and inflammatory cell infiltration, with significant emphysema formation. The pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD, improved airway inflammation and emphysema lesions in the mice exposed to smoke and reduced IL-1β and IL-8 levels in serum. The caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD, reduced airway inflammation, serum IL-1β and IL-8 levels, and Muc5ac levels in BALF, but it did not improve emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudan He
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200803, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjing Li
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201900, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xingjing Li, Department of Respiratory, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, No. 101 of North Tongtai Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201900, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13816446543, Email
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chapman F, Pour SJ, Wieczorek R, Trelles Sticken E, Budde J, Röwer K, Otte S, Mason E, Czekala L, Nahde T, O'Connell G, Simms L, Stevenson M. Twenty-eight day repeated exposure of human 3D bronchial epithelial model to heated tobacco aerosols indicates decreased toxicological responses compared to cigarette smoke. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1076752. [PMID: 36875887 PMCID: PMC9979258 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1076752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco harm reduction (THR) involves providing adult smokers with potentially reduced harm modes of nicotine delivery as alternatives to smoking combustible cigarettes. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) form a category with THR potential due to their ability to deliver nicotine and flavours through heating, not burning, tobacco. By eliminating burning, heated tobacco does not produce smoke but an aerosol which contains fewer and lower levels of harmful chemicals compared to cigarette smoke. In this study we assessed the in vitro toxicological profiles of two prototype HTPs' aerosols compared to the 1R6F reference cigarette using the 3D human (bronchial) MucilAir™ model. To increase consumer relevance, whole aerosol/smoke exposures were delivered repeatedly across a 28 day period (16, 32, or 48 puffs per exposure). Cytotoxicity (LDH secretion), histology (Alcian Blue/H&E; Muc5AC; FoxJ1 staining), cilia active area and beat frequency and inflammatory marker (IL-6; IL-8; MMP-1; MMP-3; MMP-9; TNFα) levels were assessed. Diluted 1R6F smoke consistently induced greater and earlier effects compared to the prototype HTP aerosols across the endpoints, and in a puff dependent manner. Although some significant changes across the endpoints were induced by exposure to the HTPs, these were substantially less pronounced and less frequently observed, with apparent adaptive responses occurring over the experimental period. Furthermore, these differences between the two product categories were observed at a greater dilution (and generally lower nicotine delivery range) for 1R6F (1R6F smoke diluted 1/14, HTP aerosols diluted 1/2, with air). Overall, the findings demonstrate the THR potential of the prototype HTPs through demonstrated substantial reductions in toxicological outcomes in in vitro 3D human lung models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karin Röwer
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Otte
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Nahde
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Liam Simms
- Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Duan C, Wu S, Ma J, Liu Y, Li W, Wang T, Yang L, Cheng K, Zhuang R. Knockout of IL-6 mitigates cold water-immersion restraint stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury and apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936689. [PMID: 36505466 PMCID: PMC9732082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is essential for maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Although cold water-immersion restraint (CWIR) stress is commonly used to induce in vivo gastric injury, it also affects intestinal epithelial permeability. Although IL-6 is increased in response to acute physiological and psychological stress, its exact effects on the pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelium in response to acute CWIR stress remain unknown. Methods We used IL-6 knockout (KO) mice with acute CWIR modeling to investigate the effect of IL-6 deficiency on intestinal epithelial morphology and pathological damage using histological staining assays under the acute stress. We detected jejunal epithelial apoptosis using TUNEL and standard molecular experiments. Results CWIR caused intestinal epithelial damage, which was alleviated by the absence of IL-6, as evidenced by morphological changes and goblet cell and intestinal permeability alteration. IL-6 KO also reduced CWIR-mediated inflammatory levels and improved stress defense. Meanwhile, IL-6 deficiency decreased the intestinal epithelial apoptosis induced by CWIR administration. This IL-6 KO-led effect depended more on mitochondrial AIF signaling rather than the traditional caspase pathway. Conclusion As a result, we concluded that acute CWIR-induced severe intestinal damage and jejunal epithelium apoptosis could be alleviated by IL-6 deficiency, implying a protective effect of IL-6 deficiency on the intestines under acute stress. The findings shed new light on treating CWIR-induced intestinal disorders by inhibiting IL-6 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Ran Zhuang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun Y, Miao X, Zhu L, Liu J, Lin Y, Xiang G, Wu X, Wang X, Ni Z, Li S. Autocrine TGF-alpha is associated with Benzo(a)pyrene-induced mucus production and MUC5AC expression during allergic asthma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113833. [PMID: 36068759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTS Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), an environmental pollutant, is present in high concentrations in urban smog and cigarette smoke and has been reported to promote high mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression. Epithelium-derived inflammatory cytokines are considered an important modulator of mucus oversecretion and MUC5AC overexpression. Here, we investigated whether the effect of BaP on MUC5AC overexpression was associated with cytokine autocrine activity in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In vivo, BALB/c mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence or absence of BaP. Allergy-induced mucus production was assessed by Alcian Blue Periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. The human airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292 was used in vitro. MUC5AC and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α mRNA levels were assessed with real-time quantitative PCR. The concentration of cytokines was measured by ELISA. The MUC5AC, p-ERK, ERK, p-EGFR and EGFR proteins were detected by Western blotting in cells or by immunohistochemistry in mouse lungs. Small-interfering RNAs were used for gene silencing. RESULTS TGF-α was overproduced in the supernatant of NCI-H292 cells treated with BaP. Knockdown of TGF-α expression inhibited the BaP-induced increase in MUC5AC expression and subsequent activation of the EGFR-ERK signalling pathway. Knocking down aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression or treatment with an ROS inhibitor (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) could relieve the TGF-α secretion induced by BaP in epithelial cells. In an animal study, coexposure to BaP with OVA increased mucus production, MUC5AC expression and ROS-EGFR-ERK activation in the lung as well as TGF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, the concentration of TGF-α in BALF was correlated with MUC5AC mRNA levels. Additionally, TGF-α expression was found to be positively correlated with MUC5AC expression in the airway epithelial cells of smokers. Compared with non-smoker asthma patients, TGF-α serum levels were also elevated in smoker asthma patients. CONCLUSION Autocrine TGF-α was associated with BaP-induced MUC5AC expression in vitro and in vivo. BaP induced TGF-α secretion by activating AhR and producing ROS, which led to activation of the EGFR-ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiayi Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Linyun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yuhua Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Guiling Xiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaobiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Central lab, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Asian Sand Dust Particles Enhance the Development of Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilm on Nasal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063030. [PMID: 35328451 PMCID: PMC8955751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asian sand dust (ASD) and Aspergillus fumigatus are known risk factors for airway mucosal inflammatory diseases. Bacterial and fungal biofilms commonly coexist in chronic rhinosinusitis and fungus balls. We evaluated the effects of ASD on the development of A. fumigatus biofilm formation on nasal epithelial cells. Methods: Primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured with A. fumigatus conidia with or without ASD for 72 h. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 from nasal epithelial cells was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of ASD on A. fumigatus biofilm formation were determined using crystal violet, concanavalin A, safranin staining, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Results: ASD and A. fumigatus significantly enhanced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 from nasal epithelial cells. By coculturing A. fumigatus with ASD, the dry weight and safranin staining of the fungal biofilms significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. However, the increased level of crystal violet and concanavalin A stain decreased after 72 h of incubation. Conclusions: ASD and A. fumigatus induced the production of inflammatory chemical mediators from nasal epithelial cells. The exposure of A. fumigatus to ASD enhanced the formation of biofilms. The coexistence of ASD and A. fumigatus may increase the development of fungal biofilms and fungal inflammatory diseases in the sinonasal mucosa.
Collapse
|
11
|
Simões FB, Kmit A, Amaral MD. Cross-talk of inflammatory mediators and airway epithelium reveals the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as a major target. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00247-2021. [PMID: 34912883 PMCID: PMC8666577 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00247-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, mucus hyperproduction and epithelial remodelling are hallmarks of many chronic airway diseases, including asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis. While several cytokines are dysregulated in these diseases, most studies focus on the response of airways to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been shown to induce mucus hyperproduction and shift the airway epithelium towards a hypersecretory phenotype. We hypothesised that other cytokines might induce the expression of chloride (Cl-) channels/transporters, and regulate epithelial differentiation and mucus production. To this end, fully differentiated human airway basal cells (BCi-NS1.1) were treated with cytokines identified as dysregulated in those diseases, namely IL-8, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-10 and IL-22, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Our results show that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the main Cl- channel modulated by inflammation, in contrast to transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), whose levels only changed with IL-4. Furthermore, we identified novel roles for IL-10 and IL-22 by influencing epithelial differentiation towards ciliated cells and away from pulmonary ionocytes. In contrast, IL-1β and IL-4 reduced the number of ciliated cells while increasing club cells. Interestingly, while IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 upregulated CFTR expression, IL-4 was the only cytokine that increased both its function and the number of CFTR-expressing club cells, suggesting that this cell type may be the main contributor for CFTR function. Additionally, all cytokines assessed increased mucus production through a differential upregulation of MUC5AC and MUC5B transcript levels. This study reveals a novel insight into differentiation resulting from the cross-talk of inflammatory mediators and airway epithelial cells, which is particularly relevant for chronic airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa B Simões
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arthur Kmit
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodrigues SDO, da Cunha CMC, Soares GMV, Silva PL, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:979. [PMID: 34681202 PMCID: PMC8539950 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of COPD is progressive airflow obstruction primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure causes an imbalance favoring pro- over antioxidants (oxidative stress), leading to transcription factor activation and increased expression of inflammatory mediators and proteases. Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to disease progression. Current treatments include inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator therapy. However, these therapies do not effectively halt disease progression. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, and the risk of exacerbating symptoms with existing therapies, other specific and effective treatment options are required. Therapies directly or indirectly targeting the oxidative imbalance may be promising alternatives. This review briefly discusses COPD pathophysiology, and provides an update on the development and clinical testing of novel COPD treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Carolina Medina Coeli da Cunha
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
| | - Giovanna Martins Valladão Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Pulmonar, Carlos Chagas Filho, Instituto de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24020-140, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil; (C.M.C.d.C.); (G.M.V.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro 24020-140, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maghraby AS. Immunomodulatory Responses Of Toll Like Receptors Against 2019nCoV. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review discusses the immune signals via toll like receptors (TLRs) against 2019nCoV. We researched using different database, up to June 18th, 2020. All the included articles were published in English language. The outcome of this review, that some TLRs agonists or antagonists are progressed as drugs to combat and down regulating TLRs immune signals respectively. TLRs 3 and 4 recognized 2019nCoV spike protein through immune and molecular signals that leading to immune stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and even the immune fever. While the TLRs7 and 8 recognized single-stranded ribonucleic acids (ssRNAs) leading to elevation of the tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and -12 levels. TLRs agonists or antagonists utilized as immunotherapeutic targets against 2019nCoV via TLRs signals. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; the approval compounds for 2019nCoV therapy can be inhibiting the class II major histocompatibility complex molecules expression and antigen presentation and even immune suppressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines profile.
Collapse
|
14
|
Misiukiewicz-Stepien P, Paplinska-Goryca M. Biological effect of PM 10 on airway epithelium-focus on obstructive lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108754. [PMID: 33964432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. PM10 constitute the largest fraction of air pollutants, containing particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, metals, pollens, mineral dust and remnant material from anthropogenic activity. The natural airway defensive mechanisms against inhaled material, such as mucus layer, ciliary clearance and macrophage phagocytic activity, may be insufficient for proper respiratory function. The epithelium layer can be disrupted by ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes induced by exposure to large amounts of inhaled particles as well as promote the development and exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases. This review draws attention to the current state of knowledge about the physical features of PM10 and its impact on airway epithelial cells, and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cabrita I, Benedetto R, Wanitchakool P, Lerias J, Centeio R, Ousingsawat J, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. TMEM16A Mediates Mucus Production in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:50-58. [PMID: 33026825 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that was shown to enhance production and secretion of mucus in inflamed airways. It is, however, not clear whether TMEM16A directly supports mucus production, or whether mucin and TMEM16A are upregulated independently during inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined this question using BCi-NS1 cells, a human airway basal cell line that maintains multipotent differentiation capacity, and the two human airway epithelial cell lines, Calu-3 and CFBE. The data demonstrate that exposure of airway epithelial cells to IL-8 and IL-13, two cytokines known to be enhanced in CF and asthma, respectively, leads to an increase in mucus production. Expression of MUC5AC was fully dependent on expression of TMEM16A, as shown by siRNA knockdown of TMEM16A. In addition, different inhibitors of TMEM16A attenuated IL-13-induced mucus production. Interestingly, in CFBE cells expressing F508 delCFTR, IL-13 was unable to upregulate membrane expression of TMEM16A or Ca2+-activated whole cell currents. The regulator of TMEM16A, CLCA1, strongly augmented both Ca2+- and cAMP-activated Cl- currents in cells expressing wtCFTR but failed to augment membrane expression of TMEM16A in F508 delCFTR-expressing CFBE cells. The data confirm the functional relationship between CFTR and TMEM16A and suggest an impaired upregulation of TMEM16A by IL-13 or CLCA1 in cells expressing the most frequent CF-causing mutation F508 delCFTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Joana Lerias
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi W, Yang AX, Sieve A, Kuo SH, Mudalagiriyappa S, Vieson M, Maddox CW, Nanjappa SG, Lau GW. Pulmonary Mycosis Drives Forkhead Box Protein A2 Degradation and Mucus Hypersecretion through Activation of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-AKT/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:108-130. [PMID: 33069717 PMCID: PMC7786105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary mycoses are difficult to treat and detrimental to patients. Fungal infections modulate the lung immune response, induce goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion in the airways. Excessive mucus clogs small airways and reduces pulmonary function by decreasing oxygen exchange, leading to respiratory distress. The forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) is a transcription factor that regulates mucus homeostasis in the airways. However, little is known whether pulmonary mycosis modulates FOXA2 function. Herein, we investigated whether Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum-infected canine and feline lungs and airway epithelial cells could serve as higher animal models to examine the relationships between fungal pneumonia and FOXA2-regulated airway mucus homeostasis. The results indicate that fungal infection down-regulated FOXA2 expression in airway epithelial cells, with concomitant overexpression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and mucin 5B (MUC5B) mucins. Mechanistic studies reveal that B. dermatitidis infection, as well as β-glucan exposure, activated the Dectin-1-SYK-epidermal growth factor receptor-AKT/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway that inhibits the expression of FOXA2, resulting in overexpression of MUC5AC and MUC5B in canine airway cells. Further understanding of the role of FOXA2 in mucus hypersecretion may lead to novel therapeutics against excessive mucus in both human and veterinary patients with pulmonary mycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Alina X Yang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Aaron Sieve
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Shanny H Kuo
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Miranda Vieson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Carol W Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Som G Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beukema M, Faas MM, de Vos P. The effects of different dietary fiber pectin structures on the gastrointestinal immune barrier: impact via gut microbiota and direct effects on immune cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1364-1376. [PMID: 32908213 PMCID: PMC8080816 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are dietary fibers with different structural characteristics. Specific pectin structures can influence the gastrointestinal immune barrier by directly interacting with immune cells or by impacting the intestinal microbiota. The impact of pectin strongly depends on the specific structural characteristics of pectin; for example, the degree of methyl-esterification, acetylation and rhamnogalacturonan I or rhamnogalacturonan II neutral side chains. Here, we review the interactions of specific pectin structures with the gastrointestinal immune barrier. The effects of pectin include strengthening the mucus layer, enhancing epithelial integrity, and activating or inhibiting dendritic cell and macrophage responses. The direct interaction of pectins with the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be governed through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 or Galectin-3. In addition, specific pectins can stimulate the diversity and abundance of beneficial microbial communities. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal immune barrier may be enhanced by short-chain fatty acids. Moreover, pectins can enhance the intestinal immune barrier by favoring the adhesion of commensal bacteria and inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to epithelial cells. Current data illustrate that pectin may be a powerful dietary fiber to manage and prevent several inflammatory conditions, but additional human studies with pectin molecules with well-defined structures are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mitri C, Xu Z, Bardin P, Corvol H, Touqui L, Tabary O. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease: Identification of Molecular Targets and Design of Innovative Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1096. [PMID: 32848733 PMCID: PMC7396676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disorder among Caucasians, estimated to affect more than 70,000 people in the world. Severe and persistent bronchial inflammation and chronic bacterial infection, along with airway mucus obstruction, are hallmarks of CF lung disease and participate in its progression. Anti-inflammatory therapies are, therefore, of particular interest for CF lung disease. Furthermore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in airway infection and inflammation in CF has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches that are currently under evaluation by clinical trials. These new strategies dedicated to CF inflammation are designed to treat different dysregulated aspects such as oxidative stress, cytokine secretion, and the targeting of dysregulated pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to abnormal lung inflammation in CF, as well as the new anti-inflammatory strategies proposed to CF patients by exploring novel molecular targets and novel drug approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christie Mitri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pauline Bardin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.,Département de Pédiatrie Respiratoire, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.,Equipe Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Département Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tabary
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kwak S, Choi YS, Na HG, Bae CH, Song SY, Kim YD. Effect of Tobacco-specific Nitrosamines on MUC5AC Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.18787/jr.2019.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nicotine is oxidized into tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs; NAB, NAT, NNN, NNAL, NNK) at high temperature and high pressure. TSNAs are associated with airway diseases characterized by mucus hypersecretion as a major pathophysiologic phenomenon. The aim of study is to investigate the effect of TSNAs on mucin overexpression and its molecular mechanism in human airway epithelial cells.Materials and Method: The cytotoxicity of TSNAs was evaluated using EX-Cytox and inverted microscopy. The mRNA and protein levels of MUC5AC and MUC5B were measured using real-time PCR and ELISA.Results: NAB, NNN, NNAL, and NNK did not affect cell viability. NAT did not affect cell viability up to a concentration of 100 μM in human airway epithelial cells. NAT, NNN, NNAL, and NNK significantly induced MUC5AC expression, but not MUC5B expression. NAB did not affect the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B. Propranolol (a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) inhibited NAT, NNN, NNAL, and NNK-induced MUC5AC expression, whereas α-bungarotoxin (an α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) only inhibited NNN- and NNK-induced MUC5AC expression.Conclusion: These results suggested that NAT, NNN, NNAL, and NNK induce MUC5AC expression through β-adrenergic receptor and/or α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in human airway epithelial cells, which may be involved in mucus hypersecretion in inflammatory airway diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Arora S, Ahmad S, Irshad R, Goyal Y, Rafat S, Siddiqui N, Dev K, Husain M, Ali S, Mohan A, Syed MA. TLRs in pulmonary diseases. Life Sci 2019; 233:116671. [PMID: 31336122 PMCID: PMC7094289 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a clan of proteins involved in identification and triggering a suitable response against pathogenic attacks. As lung is steadily exposed to multiple infectious agents, antigens and host-derived danger signals, the inhabiting stromal and myeloid cells of the lung express an aggregate of TLRs which perceive the endogenously derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) along with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger the TLR-associated signalling events involved in host defence. Thus, they form an imperative component of host defence activation in case of microbial infections as well as non-infectious pulmonary disorders such as interstitial lung disease, acute lung injury and airways disease, such as COPD and asthma. They also play an equally important role in lung cancer. Targeting the TLR signalling network would pave ways to the design of more reliable and effective vaccines against infectious agents and control deadly infections, desensitize allergens and reduce inflammation. Moreover, TLR agonists may act as adjuvants by increasing the efficiency of cancer vaccines, thereby contributing their role in treatment of lung cancer too. Overall, TLRs present a compelling and expeditiously bolstered area of research and addressing their signalling events would be of significant use in pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rasha Irshad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neha Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Powell J, Garnett JP, Mather MW, Cooles FAH, Nelson A, Verdon B, Scott J, Jiwa K, Ruchaud-Sparagano MH, Cummings SP, Perry JD, Wright SE, Wilson JA, Pearson J, Ward C, Simpson AJ. Excess Mucin Impairs Subglottic Epithelial Host Defense in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:340-349. [PMID: 29425465 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1819oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aspiration of infective subglottic secretions causes ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients. Mechanisms underlying subglottic colonization in critical illness have not been defined, limiting strategies for targeted prevention of VAP. OBJECTIVES To characterize subglottic host defense dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU; to determine whether subglottic mucin contributes to neutrophil phagocytic impairment and bacterial growth. METHODS Prospective subglottic sampling in mechanically ventilated patients (intubated for four or more days), and newly intubated control patients (intubated for less than 30 min); isolation and culture of primary subglottic epithelial cells from control patients; laboratory analysis of host innate immune defenses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twenty-four patients in the ICU and 27 newly intubated control patients were studied. Subglottic ICU samples had significantly reduced microbiological diversity and contained potential respiratory pathogens. The subglottic microenvironment in the ICU was characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, significantly increased proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil proteases, and altered physical properties of subglottic secretions, including accumulation of mucins. Subglottic mucin from ICU patients impaired the capacity of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill bacteria. Phagocytic impairment was reversible on treatment with a mucolytic agent. Subglottic mucus promoted growth and invasion of bacterial pathogens in a novel air-liquid interface model of primary human subglottic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical ventilation in the ICU is characterized by substantial mucin secretion and neutrophilic inflammation. Mucin impairs neutrophil function and promotes bacterial growth. Mucolytic agents reverse mucin-mediated neutrophil dysfunction. Enhanced mucus disruption and removal has potential to augment preventive benefits of subglottic drainage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Verdon
- 3 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stephen P Cummings
- 4 School of Science, Engineering and Design, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Janet A Wilson
- 7 Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,8 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
van Eeden SF, Hogg JC. Immune-Modulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Concepts and Future Strategies. Respiration 2019; 99:550-565. [PMID: 31480060 DOI: 10.1159/000502261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by the chronic inhalation of toxic particles and gases that are primarily but not exclusively derived from cigarette smoke that may be either actively or passively inhaled, which initiates a persistent innate and adaptive immune response in the lung. This immune response is associated with an aberrant tissue repair and remodeling process that results in varying degrees of chronic inflammation with excess production of mucus in the central airways and permanent destruction of the smaller conducting airways and gas exchanging surface in the peripheral lung. Currently, the primary aims of treatment in COPD are bronchodilation (inhaled short- and long-acting β-agonist and antimuscarinic therapies), to control symptoms and nonspecific broad-acting anti-inflammatory agents (inhaled and oral corticosteroids, phosphor-di-esterase inhibitors, and macrolides). That provide symptomatic relief but have little or no impact on either disease progression or mortality. As our understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the COPD improves, available immune modulation therapies have the potential to alter or interfere with damaging immune pathways, thereby slowing relentless progression of lung tissue destruction. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss our current understanding of the immune pathogenesis of both the airways and parenchymal injury as well as the dysfunctional tissue repair process to propose immune modulating interventions in an attempt to stabilize or return these pathological changes to their normal state. The ultimate goal of the immune modulation therapy is to improve both morbidity and mortality associated with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F van Eeden
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, .,Pacific Lung Health Centre, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang B, Wu A, Hu Y, Tao C, Wang JM, Lu Y, Xing R. Mucin 17 inhibits the progression of human gastric cancer by limiting inflammatory responses through a MYH9-p53-RhoA regulatory feedback loop. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:283. [PMID: 31262330 PMCID: PMC6604468 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucins are key components of the mucosal barrier in the stomach that protects epithelia from carcinogenic effects of chronic inflammation. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that mucin-17 (MUC17) was more highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) specimens, with favourable prognosis for patients. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the potential role of MUC17 in controlling chronic gastric inflammation. METHODS We initially quantified the expression of MUC17 and inflammatory factor, as well as the association of MUC17 with survive in GC using immunohistochemistry. To establish how the inflammatory factors affect MUC17 expression, we explored luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assays. The role and mechanism that MUC17 plays in inflammation-induced cell proliferation was examined in AGS cells with reduced MUC17 expression and MKN45 cells overexpressing a truncated MUC17. RESULTS We found MUC17 was induced by inflammatory cytokines in GC cells via CDX1upregulation. MUC17 thus inactivated NFκB to inhibit GC cell proliferation in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also revealed that the function of MUC17 was dependent on its conserved epidermal growth factor domain and on downstream sequences to enable its interaction with myosin-9, resulting in a sustained regulatory feedback loop between myosin-9, p53, and RhoA, and then activation of p38 to negatively regulate the NFκB pathway in GC cells. This mechanism was also confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates MUC17 as a GC suppressor protein which has the therapeutic potential for human GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52#, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52#, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yingqi Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52#, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Cuijian Tao
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52#, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Youyong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52#, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52#, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Asthma is a genetically and phenotypically complex disease that has a major impact on global health. Signs and symptoms of asthma are caused by the obstruction of airflow through the airways. The epithelium that lines the airways plays a major role in maintaining airway patency and in host defense. The epithelium initiates responses to inhaled or aspirated substances, including allergens, viruses, and bacteria, and epithelial-derived cytokines are important in the recruitment and activation of immune cells in the airway. Changes in the structure and function of the airway epithelium are a prominent feature of asthma. Approximately half of individuals with asthma have evidence of active type 2 immune responses in the airway. In these individuals, epithelial cytokines promote type 2 responses, and responses to type 2 cytokines result in increased epithelial mucus production and other effects that cause airway obstruction. Recent work also implicates other epithelial responses, including interleukin-17, interferon and ER stress responses, that may contribute to asthma pathogenesis and provide new targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Bonser
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David J Erle
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Méausoone C, El Khawaja R, Tremolet G, Siffert S, Cousin R, Cazier F, Billet S, Courcot D, Landkocz Y. In vitro toxicological evaluation of emissions from catalytic oxidation removal of industrial VOCs by air/liquid interface (ALI) exposure system in repeated mode. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:110-117. [PMID: 30910524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity of toluene and by-products formed during its catalytic oxidative degradation was studied in human bronchial BEAS-2B cells repeatedly exposed. BEAS-2B cells were exposed using an Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) System (Vitrocell®) for 1 h per day during 1, 3 or 5 days to gaseous flows: toluene vapors (100 and 1000 ppm) and outflow after catalytic oxidation of toluene (10 and 100%). After exposure to gaseous flow, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response and Xenobiotic Metabolism Enzymes (XME) gene expression were investigated. No significant cytotoxicity was found after 5 days for every condition of exposure. After cells exposure to catalytic oxidation flow, IL-6 level increased no significantly in a time- and dose-dependent way, while an inverted U-shaped profile of IL-8 secretion was observed. XME genes induction, notably CYP2E1 and CYP2F1 results were in line with the presence of unconverted toluene and benzene formed as a by-product, detected by analytical methods. Exposure to pure toluene also demonstrated the activation of these XMEs involved in its metabolism. Repeated exposure permits to show CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CY2S1 expression, probably related to the formation of other by-products, as PAHs, not detected by standard analytical methods used for the development of catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Méausoone
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Rebecca El Khawaja
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Gauthier Tremolet
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Stéphane Siffert
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Renaud Cousin
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesure, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France..
| | - Yann Landkocz
- UCEIV - EA4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng F, Du J, Meng Y, Guo F, Feng C. Louqin Zhisou Decoction Inhibits Mucus Hypersecretion for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rats by Suppressing EGFR-PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway and Restoring Th17/Treg Balance. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6471815. [PMID: 30800170 PMCID: PMC6360623 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6471815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Airway mucus hypersecretion is the main pathogenic factor in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and the control of mucus secretion is closely associated with survival. Louqin Zhisou decoction (LQZS) has been found to improve lung function and reduce sputum in AECOPD patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of LQZS against mucus hypersecretion in lung tissues of rat AECOPD model. Wistar rats were used to establish AECOPD model by intratracheal instillation of LPS in combination with the continuous cigarette smoking. Rats were administrated LQZS/clarithromycin (CAM)/distilled water via gavage every day and all rats were sacrificed after 30 days. BALF and lung tissues were obtained. Lung morphology, cytokines levels, MUC5AC mRNA transcription and protein expression, phosphorylation of the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and molecules involved in Th17/Treg balance were evaluated. The results demonstrated that LQZS protected rats from decline in pulmonary function and ameliorated lung injury. LQZS treatment decreased the number of goblet cells in airway and suppressed MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression of lung tissues. Furthermore, LQZS attenuated the level of phospho-EGFR, phospho-PI3K and phospho-AKT in AECOPD rats. In addition, LQZS could inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in BALF, including IL-6 and IL-17A and downregulate the secretion of NE and MCP-1, indicating that LQZS could limit inflammatory responses in AECOPD. Moreover, LQZS reversed RORγt and Foxp3 expression, the key transcription factors of Th17 and Treg, respectively. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the inhibitory effects of LQZS against mucus hypersecretion in AECOPD via suppressing EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and restoring Th17/Treg balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianchao Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shunyi Branch, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yufeng Meng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cuiling Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Targeting Cytokines as Evolving Treatment Strategies in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113402. [PMID: 30380761 PMCID: PMC6275012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key players in the initiation and propagation of inflammation in chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and allergic asthma. This makes them attractive targets for specific novel anti-inflammatory treatment strategies. Recently, both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 have been associated with negative health outcomes, mortality and a pro-inflammatory phenotype in COPD. IL-6 in COPD was shown to correlate negatively with lung function, and IL-1beta was induced by cigarette smoke in the bronchial epithelium, causing airway inflammation. Furthermore, IL-8 has been shown to be a pro-inflammatory marker in bronchiectasis, COPD and allergic asthma. Clinical trials using specific cytokine blockade therapies are currently emerging and have contributed to reduce exacerbations and steroid use in COPD. Here, we present a review of the current understanding of the roles of cytokines in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Furthermore, outcomes of clinical trials in cytokine blockade as novel treatment strategies for selected patient populations with those diseases will be discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Val S, Poley M, Anna K, Nino G, Brown K, Pérez-Losada M, Gordish-Dressman H, Preciado D. Characterization of mucoid and serous middle ear effusions from patients with chronic otitis media: implication of different biological mechanisms? Pediatr Res 2018; 84:296-305. [PMID: 29915406 PMCID: PMC6185811 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is characterized by persistent middle ear effusions that are in most cases highly viscous, but some patients present with serous fluid. This study aimed at comprehensively characterizing the macromolecular composition of mucoid vs. serous middle ear effusions (MEEs). METHODS MEEs from patients with COME were analyzed for proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) and western blot techniques, total DNA quantity, bacterial DNA (16S sequencing), and cytokine content. Proteomics datasets were studied in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RESULTS Mucoid samples showed a global tendency of increased pro-inflammatory mediators. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-10 were significantly more abundant in serous samples (p < 0.01). Mucoid samples had higher DNA quantity (p = 0.04), more likely to be positive in MUC5B protein (p = 0.008) and higher peptide counts (12,786 vs. 2225), as well as an overall larger number of identified proteins (331 vs. 177), compared to serous. IPA found the mucoid sample dataset to be related to immune cell function and epithelial remodeling, whereas the serous sample dataset showed acute responses and blood-related proteins. Interestingly, serous samples showed more bacterial DNA than mucoid ones, with less bacterial genera variability. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates divergent immune responses in children with COME by effusion quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Val
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Marian Poley
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Krueger Anna
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Kristy Brown
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Ashburn VA,CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Diego Preciado
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee DC, Choi H, Oh JM, Hong Y, Jeong SH, Kim CS, Kim DK, Cho WK, Kim SW, Kim SW, Cho JH, Lee J. The effect of urban particulate matter on cultured human nasal fibroblasts. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:993-1000. [PMID: 29979839 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) has been linked to aggravation of various health problems. Although the effects of UPM on the lower respiratory tract have been extensively studied, more research is required on the impact of UPM on the upper respiratory tract and the underlying mechanisms. Thus, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of UPM on cultured human nasal fibroblasts, the underlying signaling pathways involved, and changes in cytokine levels. METHODS Human turbinate tissue specimens were collected during partial turbinectomies performed on 6 patients, and then cultured. The effect of UPM on nasal fibroblast viability was explored. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA levels of genes encoding cytokines and chemokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) before and after 24 hours of UPM treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to measure IL-6 and IL-8 levels. The status of the p38 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS UPM reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. UPM induced the phosphorylation of p38 and NF-κB p65; inhibitors of the actions of these proteins repressed phosphorylation and the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSION UPM induced IL-6 and IL-8 expression by fibroblasts via p38 and NF-κB classical signaling, suggesting that UPM can induce or aggravate allergic and/or chronic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Oh
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yupyo Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hee Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Whan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang L, Hao K, Yang T, Wang C. Role of the Lung Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2107-2111. [PMID: 28741603 PMCID: PMC5586181 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.211452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of culture-independent techniques for microbiological analysis shows that bronchial tree is not sterile in either healthy or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) individuals. With the advance of sequencing technologies, lung microbiome has become a new frontier for pulmonary disease research, and such advance has led to better understanding of the lung microbiome in COPD. This review aimed to summarize the recent advances in lung microbiome, its relationships with COPD, and the possible mechanisms that microbiome contributed to COPD pathogenesis. DATA SOURCES Literature search was conducted using PubMed to collect all available studies concerning lung microbiome in COPD. The search terms were "microbiome" and "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", or "microbiome" and "lung/pulmonary". STUDY SELECTION The papers in English about lung microbiome or lung microbiome in COPD were selected, and the type of articles was not limited. RESULTS The lung is a complex microbial ecosystem; the microbiome in lung is a collection of viable and nonviable microbiota (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) residing in the bronchial tree and parenchymal tissues, which is important for health. The following types of respiratory samples are often used to detect the lung microbiome: sputum, bronchial aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial mucosa. Disordered bacterial microbiome is participated in pathogenesis of COPD; there are also dynamic changes in microbiota during COPD exacerbations. Lung microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD by manipulating inflammatory and/or immune process. CONCLUSIONS Normal lung microbiome could be useful for prophylactic or therapeutic management in COPD, and the changes of lung microbiome could also serve as biomarkers for the evaluation of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10001, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mucins, Mucus, and Goblet Cells. Chest 2017; 154:169-176. [PMID: 29170036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is lined by mucus, a gel consisting of water, ions, proteins, and macromolecules. The major macromolecular components of mucus are the mucin glycoproteins, which are critical for local defense of the airway. There are three classes of mucins in the airways: those that are secreted but do not polymerize (MUC7), those that are secreted and polymerize to form gels (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and those that have transmembrane domains and are cell surface associated (MUC1, MUC4, MUC16, MUC20). The mucins are regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels, and posttranslational modifications play an important role in mucin binding and clearance of microbes and pollutants. The development of mice deficient in specific mucins, and the cystic fibrosis pig, has greatly advanced our understanding of the role of mucins as innate immune mediators and how mucins and mucus contribute to lung disease. These observations suggest new strategies to ameliorate mucus obstruction by targeting mucociliary clearance and mucin hyperconcentration. Furthermore, a polymorphism in the promoter of MUC5B is strongly associated with risk of developing pulmonary fibrosis, supporting a novel function for MUC5B to influence interstitial lung disease. Exciting new data support the concept not only that mucins and mucus are important for lung homeostasis and protection from environmental threats but also that goblet cells play an important role as regulators of innate immune function. These insights into the innate immune properties of mucins and goblet cells support a shift from the current paradigm of repressing increased mucin expression to targeting regulation of specific mucins and the abnormal airway milieu.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ezegbunam W, Foronjy R. Posttranscriptional control of airway inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29071794 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in the lungs is a vital protective response, efficiently and swiftly eliminating inciters of tissue injury. However, in respiratory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators leads to tissue damage and impaired lung function. Although transcription is an essential first step in the induction of proinflammatory genes, tight regulation of inflammation requires more rapid, flexible responses. Increasing evidence shows that such responses are achieved by posttranscriptional mechanisms directly affecting mRNA stability and translation initiation. RNA-binding proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs interact with messenger RNA and each other to impact the stability and/or translation of mRNAs implicated in lung inflammation. Recent research has shown that these biological processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of several important pulmonary conditions. This review will highlight several posttranscriptional control mechanisms that influence lung inflammation and the known associations of derangements in these mechanisms with common respiratory diseases. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1455. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1455 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ezegbunam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cho SH, Kim DW, Gevaert P. Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 4:575-82. [PMID: 27393771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is more prevalent than chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Certain diseases predispose to whereas others are associated with CRSsNP. Predisposing diseases include allergic and nonallergic upper and lower airway diseases, epithelial cell disorders, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and some infectious diseases. In addition, environmental and host factors, examples of which include smoking, a higher incidence of abnormal biofilms, and innate immune defects, play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. CRSsNP is characterized by histologic abnormalities, including basement membrane thickening (fibrosis) and goblet cell hyperplasia. Neutrophils and several chemokines, TGF-β and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-8, play a role in CRSsNP remodeling. However, there are conflicting data about CRSsNP endotypes, for example, whether it is characterized by neutrophilia or eosinophilia or both. In spite of advancements and the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, additional study is necessary to better comprehend its underlying mechanisms, endotypes, and evidence-based treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philippe Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shimizu S, Tojima I, Takezawa K, Matsumoto K, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T. Thrombin and activated coagulation factor X stimulate the release of cytokines and fibronectin from nasal polyp fibroblasts via protease-activated receptors. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017; 31:13-18. [PMID: 28234145 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal epithelial cells and infiltrating eosinophils express tissue factor, and high thrombin activity and excess fibrin deposition are found in nasal secretion and in nasal polyp from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). Activated coagulation factors play important roles not only in thrombosis but also in inflammation through interaction with protease-activated receptors (PAR). However, little is known about the effects of activated coagulation factors on the release of cytokines and extracellular matrix from nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPF). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of PARs, which are receptors for activated coagulation factors, on NPFs and to determine the roles of thrombin and activated coagulation factor X (FXa) in the release of cytokines and fibronectin from NPFs. METHODS NPFs were obtained from patients with CRSwNP, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of PARs in these NPFs were examined. We then investigated whether thrombin or FXa stimulates the release of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1, fibronectin, eotaxin-1, interleukin (IL) 6, or IL-8 from cultured NPFs. The effects of PAR agonists on the release of cytokines and fibronectin were also examined. RESULTS NPFs expressed the mRNA and proteins of all four PARs: PAR-1, PAR-2, PAR-3, and PAR-4. Both thrombin and FXa significantly stimulated the release of TGF beta 1, fibronectin, eotaxin-1, IL-6, and IL-8 from cultured NPFs. PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonists stimulated the secretion of TGF beta 1, fibronectin, eotaxin-1, IL-6, and IL-8. PAR-3 agonist stimulated the release of TGF beta 1, fibronectin, and eotaxin-1. PAR-4 agonist did not induce the release of these molecules. CONCLUSION NPFs play important roles in the pathophysiology of CRSwNP such as in nasal polyp formation and inflammatory cell infiltration by releasing cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins. Activated coagulation factors, thrombin and FXa, stimulate the release of these cytokines and fibronectin from NPFs via PARs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong J, Liao W, Peh HY, Chan TK, Tan WSD, Li L, Yong A, Wong WSF. Ribosomal protein S3 gene silencing protects against experimental allergic asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:540-552. [PMID: 28093718 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) is a 40S ribosomal protein of the S3P family essential for implementing protein translation. RPS3 has recently been found to interact with the p65 subunit of the NF-κB complex and promote p65 DNA-binding activity. Persistent activation of the NF-κB pathway is evident in allergic asthma. We hypothesized that gene silencing of lung RPS3 can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The gene silencing efficacy of RPS3 siRNA was screened in three different mouse cell lines by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. Protective effects of intratracheal RPS3 siRNA in a house dust mite (HDM) mouse asthma model were determined by measuring cell counts in lung lavage fluid and lung sections, lung cytokine profiles and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). KEY RESULTS RPS3 siRNA markedly knocked down RPS3 levels in all mouse cell lines tested, and in mouse lung tissues, blocked TNF-α- or HDM-induced release of mediators by the cultured cells and reduced eosinophil counts in lung lavage fluid from the HDM mouse asthma model. RPS3 siRNA lessened HDM-induced airway mucus hypersecretion, cytokine production and serum IgE elevation. Moreover, RPS3 knockdown significantly suppressed methacholine-induced AHR in experimental asthma. RPS3 siRNA disrupted TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in a NF-κB reporter gene assay in vitro and prevented the nuclear accumulation of p65 subunit and p65 transcriptional activation in HDM-challenged lungs and cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RPS3 gene silencing ameliorates experimental asthma, probably by disrupting NF-κB activity. RPS3 could be a novel therapeutic target for allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tze Khee Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore
| | - W S Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Amy Yong
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
CCR9 Is a Key Regulator of Early Phases of Allergic Airway Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3635809. [PMID: 27795621 PMCID: PMC5067335 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3635809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is the most common hallmark of allergic asthma. Chemokine receptors involved in leukocyte recruitment are closely related to the pathology in asthma. CCR9 has been described as a homeostatic and inflammatory chemokine receptor, but its role and that of its ligand CCL25 during lung inflammation remain unknown. To investigate the role of CCR9 as a modulator of airway inflammation, we established an OVA-induced allergic inflammation model in CCR9-deficient mice. Here, we report the expression of CCR9 and CCL25 as early as 6 hours post-OVA challenge in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes. Moreover, in challenged CCR9-deficient mice, cell recruitment was impaired at peribronchial and perivenular levels. OVA-administration in CCR9-deficient mice leads to a less inflammatory cell recruitment, which modifies the expression of IL-10, CCL11, and CCL25 at 24 hours after OVA challenge. In contrast, the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 was not affected in CCR9-deficient mice compared to WT mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that CCR9 and CCL25 expressions are induced in the early stages of airway inflammation and they have an important role modulating eosinophils and lymphocytes recruitment at the first stages of inflammatory process, suggesting that they might be a potential target to regulate inflammation in asthma.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hall JA, Hartman J, Skinner MM, Schwindt AR, Fischer KA, Vorachek WR, Bobe G, Valentine BA. Dietary Enrichment with 20% Fish Oil Decreases Mucus Production and the Inflammatory Response in Mice with Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Lung Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163819. [PMID: 27669173 PMCID: PMC5036796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades, which may be related to higher dietary intake of (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower intake of (n-3) PUFA, e.g., those contained in fish oil. The objective of this study was to determine if dietary PUFA enrichment decreases mucus production or the inflammatory response associated with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic lung inflammation. Mice (n = 10/group) were fed control, 20% fish oil, or 20% corn oil enriched diets for a total of 12 weeks. At 8 and 10 weeks, mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of saline (10 control-fed mice) or OVA (30 remaining mice). Once at 10 weeks and on 3 consecutive days during week 12, mice were challenged by nebulizing with saline or OVA. Mice were euthanized 24 hours after the last challenge and blood was collected for plasma FA analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected to determine cell composition and Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, IL-13) concentrations. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) + mucus-producing cells and CD45+ inflammatory cell infiltrates in lung tissue were quantified using morphometric analysis. Relative abundance of mRNA for mucin (Muc4, Muc5ac, and Muc5b) and Th2-type cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) genes were compared with ß-actin by qPCR. Supplementation with either corn oil or fish oil effectively altered plasma FA profiles towards more (n-6) FA or (n-3) FA, respectively (P < 0.0001). Sensitization and challenge with OVA increased the proportion of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, and decreased the proportion of macrophages and concentrations of IL-13 in BAL fluid; increased the percentage of PAS+ mucus-producing cells and CD45+ inflammatory cell infiltrates in lung tissue; and increased gene expression of mucins (Muc4, Muc5ac, and Muc5b) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) in lung tissue of control-fed mice. Dietary PUFA reversed the increase in PAS+ mucus-producing cells (P = 0.003). In addition, dietary enrichment with fish oil attenuated the percentage of CD45+ inflammatory cell infiltrates in lung tissue, and increased Muc4 and Muc 5b gene expression compared with OVA-sensitized and challenged control mice. In conclusion, dietary enrichment with either (n-3) or (n-6) PUFA decreased mucus production in lung tissues of OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. More specifically, enrichment with dietary (n-3) PUFA decreased CD45+ inflammatory cell infiltrates, thus inducing potentially beneficial changes in lung tissue of OVA-sensitized and challenged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaye Hartman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Monica M. Skinner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Adam R. Schwindt
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science and College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Kay A. Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - William R. Vorachek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Valentine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Garvin LM, Chen Y, Damsker JM, Rose MC. A novel dissociative steroid VBP15 reduces MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells but lacks the GRE mediated transcriptional properties of dexamethasone. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 38:17-26. [PMID: 27133900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of secretory mucins contributes to morbidity/mortality in inflammatory lung diseases. Inflammatory mediators directly increase expression of mucin genes, but few drugs have been shown to directly repress mucin gene expression. IL-1β upregulates the MUC5AC mucin gene in part via the transcription factors NFκB while the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) transcriptionally represses MUC5AC expression by Dex-activated GR binding to two GRE cis-sites in the MUC5AC promoter in lung epithelial cells. VBP compounds (ReveraGen BioPharma) maintain anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NFκB but exhibit reduced GRE-mediated transcriptional properties associated with adverse side-effects and thus have potential to minimize harmful side effects of long-term steroid therapy in inflammatory lung diseases. We investigated VBP15 efficacy as an anti-mucin agent in two types of airway epithelial cells and analyzed the transcription factor activity and promoter binding associated with VBP15-induced MUC5AC repression. VBP15 reduced MUC5AC mRNA abundance in a dose- and time-dependent manner similar to Dex in the presence or absence of IL-1β in A549 and differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells. Repression was abrogated in the presence of RU486, demonstrating a requirement for GR in the VBP15-induced repression of MUC5AC. Inhibition of NFκB activity resulted in reduced baseline expression of MUC5AC indicating that constitutive activity maintains MUC5AC production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated lack of GR and of p65 (NFκB) binding to composite GRE domains in the MUC5AC promoter following VBP15 exposure of cells, in contrast to Dex. These data demonstrate that VBP15 is a novel anti-mucin agent that mediates the reduction of MUC5AC gene expression differently than the classical glucocorticoid, Dex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Garvin
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA; Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yajun Chen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Mary C Rose
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA; Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Z, Bafadhel M, Haldar K, Spivak A, Mayhew D, Miller BE, Tal-Singer R, Johnston SL, Ramsheh MY, Barer MR, Brightling CE, Brown JR. Lung microbiome dynamics in COPD exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:1082-92. [PMID: 26917613 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01406-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the lung microbiome plays an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. However, the dynamics of the lung microbiome during COPD exacerbations and its potential role in disease aetiology remain poorly understood.We completed a longitudinal 16S ribosomal RNA survey of the lung microbiome on 476 sputum samples collected from 87 subjects with COPD at four visits defined as stable state, exacerbation, 2 weeks post-therapy and 6 weeks recovery.Our analysis revealed a dynamic lung microbiota where changes appeared to be associated with exacerbation events and indicative of specific exacerbation phenotypes. Antibiotic and steroid treatments appear to have differential effects on the lung microbiome. We depict a microbial interaction network for the lung microbiome and suggest that perturbation of a few bacterial operational taxonomic units, in particular Haemophilus spp., could greatly impact the overall microbial community structure. Furthermore, several serum and sputum biomarkers, in particular sputum interleukin-8, appear to be highly correlated with the structure and diversity of the microbiome.Our study furthers the understanding of lung microbiome dynamics in COPD patients and highlights its potential as a biomarker, and possibly a target, for future respiratory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wang
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA These authors contributed equally
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK These authors contributed equally
| | - Koirobi Haldar
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Dept of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aaron Spivak
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Bruce E Miller
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammadali Yavari Ramsheh
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael R Barer
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Dept of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Both authors contributed equally
| | - James R Brown
- Computational Biology, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA Both authors contributed equally
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Spanjer AIR, Menzen MH, Dijkstra AE, van den Berge M, Boezen HM, Nickle DC, Sin DD, Bossé Y, Brandsma CA, Timens W, Postma DS, Meurs H, Heijink IH, Gosens R. A pro-inflammatory role for the Frizzled-8 receptor in chronic bronchitis. Thorax 2016; 71:312-22. [PMID: 26797711 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-206958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have previously shown increased expression of the Frizzled-8 receptor of the Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathway in COPD. Here, we investigated if the Frizzled-8 receptor has a functional role in airway inflammation associated with chronic bronchitis. METHODS Acute cigarette-smoke-induced airway inflammation was studied in wild-type and Frizzled-8-deficient mice. Genetic association studies and lung expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses for Frizzled-8 were performed to evaluate polymorphisms in FZD8 and their relationship to tissue expression in chronic bronchitis. Primary human lung fibroblasts and primary human airway epithelial cells were used for in vitro studies. RESULTS Cigarette-smoke-exposure induced airway inflammation in wild-type mice, which was prevented in Frizzled-8-deficient mice, suggesting a crucial role for Frizzled-8 in airway inflammation. Furthermore, we found a significant genetic association (p=0.009) between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs663700 in the FZD8 region and chronic mucus hypersecretion, a characteristic of chronic bronchitis, in a large cohort of smoking individuals. We found SNP rs663700 to be a cis-eQTL regulating Frizzled-8 expression in lung tissue. Functional data link mesenchymal Frizzled-8 expression to inflammation as its expression in COPD-derived lung fibroblasts was regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in a genotype-dependent manner. Moreover, Frizzled-8 regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion from human lung fibroblasts, which in turn promoted MUC5AC expression by differentiated human airway epithelium. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate an important pro-inflammatory role for Frizzled-8 and suggest that its expression is related to chronic bronchitis. Furthermore, our findings indicate an unexpected role for fibroblasts in regulating airway inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita I R Spanjer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Menzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akkelies E Dijkstra
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David C Nickle
- Departments of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Don D Sin
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Canada Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Submucosal glands contribute to airway surface liquid (ASL), a film that protects all airway surfaces. Glandular mucus comprises electrolytes, water, the gel-forming mucin MUC5B, and hundreds of different proteins with diverse protective functions. Gland volume per unit area of mucosal surface correlates positively with impaction rate of inhaled particles. In human main bronchi, the volume of the glands is ∼ 50 times that of surface goblet cells, but the glands diminish in size and frequency distally. ASL and its trapped particles are removed from the airways by mucociliary transport. Airway glands have a tubuloacinar structure, with a single terminal duct, a nonciliated collecting duct, then branching secretory tubules lined with mucous cells and ending in serous acini. They allow for a massive increase in numbers of mucus-producing cells without replacing surface ciliated cells. Active secretion of Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) by serous cells produces most of the fluid of gland secretions. Glands are densely innervated by tonically active, mutually excitatory airway intrinsic neurons. Most gland mucus is secreted constitutively in vivo, with large, transient increases produced by emergency reflex drive from the vagus. Elevations of [cAMP]i and [Ca(2+)]i coordinate electrolyte and macromolecular secretion and probably occur together for baseline activity in vivo, with cholinergic elevation of [Ca(2+)]i being mainly responsive for transient increases in secretion. Altered submucosal gland function contributes to the pathology of all obstructive diseases, but is an early stage of pathogenesis only in cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Widdicombe
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Department of Psychology and Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey J Wine
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Department of Psychology and Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim V, Cornwell WD, Oros M, Durra H, Criner GJ, Rogers TJ. Plasma Chemokine signature correlates with lung goblet cell hyperplasia in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:111. [PMID: 26424214 PMCID: PMC4589974 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by lung and systemic inflammation as well as airway goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH). Mucin production is activated in part by stimulation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor pathway through neutrophils and macrophages. How circulating cytokine levels relate to GCH is not clear. Methods We performed phlebotomy and bronchoscopy on 25 subjects (six nonsmokers, 11 healthy smokers, and eight COPD subjects FEV1 30–60 %). Six endobronchial biopsies per subject were performed. GCH was measured by measuring mucin volume density (MVD) using stereological techniques on periodic acid fast-Schiff stained samples. We measured the levels of chemokines CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL22/MCD, CCL3/MIP-1α, and CCL4/MIP-1β, and the cytokines IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, EGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Differences between groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA, t test, or Chi squared test. Post hoc tests after ANOVA were performed using Bonferroni correction. Results MVD was highest in healthy smokers (27.78 ± 10.24 μL/mm2) compared to COPD subjects (16.82 ± 16.29 μL/mm2, p = 0.216) and nonsmokers (3.42 ± 3.07 μL/mm2, p <0.0001). Plasma CXCL8 was highest in healthy smokers (11.05 ± 8.92 pg/mL) compared to nonsmokers (1.20 ± 21.92 pg/mL, p = 0.047) and COPD subjects (6.01 ± 5.90 pg/mL, p = 0.366). CCL22 and CCL4 followed the same trends. There were no significant differences in the other cytokines measured. When the subjects were divided into current smokers (healthy smokers and COPD current smokers) and non/ex-smokers (nonsmokers and COPD ex-smokers), plasma CXCL8, CCL22, CCL4, and MVD were greater in current smokers. No differences in other cytokines were seen. Plasma CXCL8 moderately correlated with MVD (r = 0.552, p = 0.003). Discussion In this small cohort, circulating levels of the chemokines CXCL8, CCL4, and CCL22, as well as MVD, attain the highest levels in healthy smokers compared to nonsmokers and COPD subjects. These findings seem to be driven by current smoking and are independent of airflow obstruction. Conclusions These data suggest that smoking upregulates a systemic pattern of neutrophil and macrophage chemoattractant expression, and this correlates significantly with the development of goblet cell hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3401 North Broad Street, 785 Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - William D Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michelle Oros
- Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Heba Durra
- Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, 3401 North Broad Street, 785 Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Choi YS, Bae CH, Song SY, Kim YD. Asian sand dust increases MUC8 and MUC5B expressions via TLR4-dependent ERK2 and p38 MAPK in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 29:161-165. [PMID: 25975246 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian sand dust (ASD) is a natural phenomenon and originates from the deserts of China and is known to contain various chemical and biomolecular components that enhance airway inflammation. The overproduction of airway mucins is an important pathologic finding in inflammatory airway diseases. However, the mechanism of ASD on mucin production of airway epithelial cells has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and signaling pathway of ASD on mucin expressions in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS In the NCI-H292 cells and the primary cultures of human nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of ASD on MUC8 and MUC5B expressions were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with several specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS ASD increased MUC8 and MUC5B expressions and activated the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). U0126 (ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) inhibited ASD-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expressions. In addition, knockdowns of ERK2 and p38 MAPK by siRNA blocked ASD-induced MUC8 and MUC5B mRNA expressions. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression was increased after treatment with ASD. Knockdown of TLR4 by siRNA blocked ASD-induced MUC8 and MUC5B mRNA expressions. Furthermore, the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were blocked by knockdown of TLR4. CONCLUSIONS These results show that ASD induces MUC8 and MUC5B expressions via TLR4-dependent ERK2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lever AR, Park H, Mulhern TJ, Jackson GR, Comolli JC, Borenstein JT, Hayden PJ, Prantil-Baun R. Comprehensive evaluation of poly(I:C) induced inflammatory response in an airway epithelial model. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12334. [PMID: 25847914 PMCID: PMC4425952 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses invade the upper airway of the lung, triggering a potent immune response that often exacerbates preexisting conditions such as asthma and COPD. Poly(I:C) is a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA that induces the characteristic inflammatory response associated with viral infection, such as loss of epithelial integrity, and increased production of mucus and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we explore the mechanistic responses to poly(I:C) in a well-defined primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) model that recapitulates in vivo functions and responses. We developed functional and quantifiable methods to evaluate the physiology of our model in both healthy and inflamed states. Through gene and protein expression, we validated the differentiation state and population of essential cell subtypes (i.e., ciliated, goblet, club, and basal cells) as compared to the human lung. Assays for total mucus production, cytokine secretion, and barrier function were used to evaluate in vitro physiology and response to viral insult. Cells were treated apically with poly(I:C) and evaluated 48 h after induction. Results revealed a dose-dependent increase in goblet cell differentiation, as well as, an increase in mucus production relative to controls. There was also a dose-dependent increase in secretion of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and RANTES. Epithelial barrier function, as measured by TEER, was maintained at 1501 ± 355 Ω*cm² postdifferentiation, but dropped significantly when challenged with poly(I:C). This study provides first steps toward a well-characterized model with defined functional methods for understanding dsRNA stimulated inflammatory responses in a physiologically relevant manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Lever
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Honda A, Tsuji K, Matsuda Y, Hayashi T, Fukushima W, Sawahara T, Kudo H, Murayama R, Takano H. Effects of Air Pollution-Related Heavy Metals on the Viability and Inflammatory Responses of Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:195-203. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581815575757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various metals produced from human activity are ubiquitously detected in ambient air. The metals may lead to induction and/or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, but the significant metals and factors contributing to such diseases have not been identified. To compare the effects of each metal and different oxidation states of metals on human airway, we examined the viability and production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 using BEAS-2B cell line, derived from human airway epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells were exposed to Mn2+, V4+, V5+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ at a concentration of 0.5, 5, 50, or 500 μmol/L for 24 hours. Mn and V decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and V5+ tended to have a greater effect than V4+. The Cr decreased the cell viability, and (Cr+6) at concentrations of 50 and 500 μmol/L was more toxic than (Cr+3). Zn at a concentration of 500 μmol/L greatly decreased the cell viability, whereas Ni at the same concentration increased it. Pb produced fewer changes. Mn and Ni at a concentration of 500 μmol/L induced the significant production of IL-6 and IL-8. However, most of the metals including (V+4, V+5), (Cr+3, Cr+6), Zn, and Pb inhibited the production of both IL-6 and IL-8. The present results indicate that various heavy metals have different effects on toxicity and the proinflammatory responses of airway epithelial cells, and those influences also depend on the oxidation states of the metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenshi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yugo Matsuda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukushima
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sawahara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kudo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rumiko Murayama
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental Health Division, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The disease encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway obstruction and can be caused by environmental exposures, primarily cigarette smoking. Since only a small subset of smokers develop COPD, it is believed that host factors interact with the environment to increase the propensity to develop disease. The major pathogenic factors causing disease include infection and inflammation, protease and antiprotease imbalance, and oxidative stress overwhelming antioxidant defenses. In this review, we will discuss the major environmental and host sources for oxidative stress; discuss how oxidative stress regulates chronic bronchitis; review the latest information on genetic predisposition to COPD, specifically focusing on oxidant/antioxidant imbalance; and review future antioxidant therapeutic options for COPD. The complexity of COPD will necessitate a multi-target therapeutic approach. It is likely that antioxidant supplementation and dietary antioxidants will have a place in these future combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cho DY, Le W, Bravo DT, Hwang PH, Illek B, Fischer H, Nayak JV. Air pollutants cause release of hydrogen peroxide and interleukin-8 in a human primary nasal tissue culture model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2014; 4:966-71. [PMID: 25400124 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A component of primary innate defense of the nasal mucosa against inhaled pathogens includes continuous, low-level release of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) into luminal secretions. Epidemiologically, an association exists between poor air quality and increased prevalence of sinonasal disease. To understand the effects of particulate matter (PM) in nasal mucosa, we studied the release of H2 O2 and interleukin 8 (IL-8) after PM exposure. METHODS Human nasal specimens were collected from surgery and cultured in serum-free growth medium. Cell integrity and recovery during culture was monitored by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. Cultures were exposed to PM for 24 hours in the presence/absence of diphenyleneiodonium sulfate (DPI; a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase inhibitor). Luminex cytokine and Amplex-Red H2 O2 assays were performed. RESULTS LDH levels dropped rapidly within 2 days, indicative of stabilization and cell recovery after harvest. All cultures released H2 O2 into the medium. Exposure to PM (20 μg/cm(2) ) increased H2 O2 levels significantly (94.6 ± 7.7 nM) compared to untreated controls (55.8 ± 4.0 nM; p = 0.001). PM-induced H2 O2 production was partially inhibited by DPI (80.1 ± 3.8nM), indicating that cellular NADPH oxidase may be a primary source of H2 O2 production. Exposure to PM increased IL-8 levels in a dose-dependent fashion (control = 2301 ± 412 MFI; 20 μg/cm(2) = 5002 ± 1327 MFI; 40 μg/cm(2) = 8219 ± 1090 MFI; p = 0.022). CONCLUSION PM increases the quantity of H2 O2 released by nasal epithelial cells, indicating that PM can contribute to oxidative stress in part by activating a normal cellular defense mechanism. Exposure to PM resulted in elevated IL-8 levels and mucin production in explants. Efforts to reduce airborne PM may lead to reduced H2 O2 and mucin production in sinonasal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
McClure R, Massari P. TLR-Dependent Human Mucosal Epithelial Cell Responses to Microbial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2014; 5:386. [PMID: 25161655 PMCID: PMC4129373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling represents one of the best studied pathways to implement defense mechanisms against invading microbes in human being as well as in animals. TLRs respond to specific microbial ligands and to danger signals produced by the host during infection, and initiate downstream cascades that activate both innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs are expressed by professional immune cells and by the large majority of non-hematopoietic cells, including epithelial cells. In epithelial tissues, TLR functions are particularly important because these sites are constantly exposed to microorganisms, due to their location at the host interface with the environment. While at these sites specific defense mechanisms and inflammatory responses are initiated via TLR signaling against pathogens, suppression or lack of TLR activation is also observed in response to the commensal microbiota. The mechanisms by which TLR signaling is regulated in mucosal epithelial cells include differential expression and levels of TLRs (and their signaling partners), their cellular localization and positioning within the tissue in a fashion that favors responses to pathogens while dampening responses to commensals and maintaining tissue homeostasis in physiologic conditions. In this review, the expression and activation of TLRs in mucosal epithelial cells of several sites of the human body are examined. Specifically, the oral cavity, the ear canal and eye, the airways, the gut, and the reproductive tract are discussed, along with how site-specific host defense mechanisms are implemented via TLR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McClure
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Paola Massari
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Martin C, Frija-Masson J, Burgel PR. Targeting Mucus Hypersecretion: New Therapeutic Opportunities for COPD? Drugs 2014; 74:1073-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
50
|
Iwanaga K, Elliott MS, Vedal S, Debley JS. Urban particulate matter induces pro-remodeling factors by airway epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic children. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:653-60. [PMID: 24102466 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.827283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter pollution during childhood is associated with decreased lung function growth and increased prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms. The role of airway epithelium-derived factors has not been well determined. OBJECTIVE To determine if urban particulate matter (UPM) stimulates production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), and gene expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and interleukin-(IL)-8 by primary airway epithelial cells (AECs) obtained from carefully phenotyped healthy and atopic asthmatic school-aged children. METHODS Primary AECs from 9 healthy and 14 asthmatic children were differentiated in air--liquid interface (ALI) culture. The apical surface was exposed to UPM suspension or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vehicle control for 96 h. VEGF and TGF-β2 concentrations in cell media at baseline, 48 and 96 h were measured via ELISA. MUC5AC and IL-8 expression by AECs at 96 h was measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Baseline concentrations of VEGF, but not TGF-β2, were significantly higher in asthmatic versus healthy cultures. UPM stimulated production of VEGF, but not TGF-β2, at 48 and 96 h; the magnitude of change was comparable across groups. At 96 h there was greater MUC5AC and IL-8 expression by UPM exposed compared to PBS exposed AECs. CONCLUSIONS Induction of the pro-remodeling cytokine VEGF may be a potential mechanism by which UPM influences lung function growth in children irrespective of asthma status. Respiratory morbidity associated with UPM exposure in children may be related to increased expression of MUC5AC and IL-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensho Iwanaga
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco, CA , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|