1
|
Kim S, Li S, Jangid AK, Park HW, Lee DJ, Jung HS, Kim K. Surface Engineering of Natural Killer Cells with CD44-targeting Ligands for Augmented Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306738. [PMID: 38161257 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy utilizing natural killer (NK) cells has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. However, its clinical intervention for solid tumors is hindered by the limited expression of tumor-specific antigens. Herein, lipid-PEG conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) materials (HA-PEG-Lipid) for the simple ex-vivo surface coating of NK cells is developed for 1) lipid-mediated cellular membrane anchoring via hydrophobic interaction and thereby 2) sufficient presentation of the CD44 ligand (i.e., HA) onto NK cells for cancer targeting, without the need for genetic manipulation. Membrane-engineered NK cells can selectively recognize CD44-overexpressing cancer cells through HA-CD44 affinity and subsequently induce in situ activation of NK cells for cancer elimination. Therefore, the surface-engineered NK cells using HA-PEG-Lipid (HANK cells) establish an immune synapse with CD44-overexpressing MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells, triggering the "recognition-activation" mechanism, and ultimately eliminating cancer cells. Moreover, in mouse xenograft tumor models, administrated HANK cells demonstrate significant infiltration into solid tumors, resulting in tumor apoptosis/necrosis and effective suppression of tumor progression and metastasis, as compared to NK cells and gemcitabine. Taken together, the HA-PEG-Lipid biomaterials expedite the treatment of solid tumors by facilitating a sequential recognition-activation mechanism of surface-engineered HANK cells, suggesting a promising approach for NK cell-mediated immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Park
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Histology, Dankook University College of Dentistry, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dash CP, Sonowal D, Dhaka P, Yadav R, Chettri D, Satapathy BP, Sheoran P, Uttam V, Jain M, Jain A. Antitumor activity of genetically engineered NK-cells in non-hematological solid tumor: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390498. [PMID: 38694508 PMCID: PMC11061440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in genetic engineering have made it possible to modify Natural Killer (NK) cells to enhance their ability to fight against various cancers, including solid tumors. This comprehensive overview discusses the current status of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor NK-cell therapies and their potential for treating solid tumors. We explore the inherent characteristics of NK cells and their role in immune regulation and tumor surveillance. Moreover, we examine the strategies used to genetically engineer NK cells in terms of efficacy, safety profile, and potential clinical applications. Our investigation suggests CAR-NK cells can effectively target and regress non-hematological malignancies, demonstrating enhanced antitumor efficacy. This implies excellent promise for treating tumors using genetically modified NK cells. Notably, NK cells exhibit low graft versus host disease (GvHD) potential and rarely induce significant toxicities, making them an ideal platform for CAR engineering. The adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells into patients further emphasizes the versatility of NK cells for various applications. We also address challenges and limitations associated with the clinical translation of genetically engineered NK-cell therapies, such as off-target effects, immune escape mechanisms, and manufacturing scalability. We provide strategies to overcome these obstacles through combination therapies and delivery optimization. Overall, we believe this review contributes to advancing NK-cell-based immunotherapy as a promising approach for cancer treatment by elucidating the underlying mechanisms, evaluating preclinical and clinical evidence, and addressing remaining challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Priyadarsini Dash
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dhruba Sonowal
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prachi Dhaka
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dewan Chettri
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Satapathy
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Sheoran
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Uttam
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baghdassarian HM, Lewis NE. Resource allocation in mammalian systems. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108305. [PMID: 38215956 PMCID: PMC11182366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cells execute biological functions to support phenotypes such as growth, migration, and secretion. Complementarily, each function of a cell has resource costs that constrain phenotype. Resource allocation by a cell allows it to manage these costs and optimize their phenotypes. In fact, the management of resource constraints (e.g., nutrient availability, bioenergetic capacity, and macromolecular machinery production) shape activity and ultimately impact phenotype. In mammalian systems, quantification of resource allocation provides important insights into higher-order multicellular functions; it shapes intercellular interactions and relays environmental cues for tissues to coordinate individual cells to overcome resource constraints and achieve population-level behavior. Furthermore, these constraints, objectives, and phenotypes are context-dependent, with cells adapting their behavior according to their microenvironment, resulting in distinct steady-states. This review will highlight the biological insights gained from probing resource allocation in mammalian cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hratch M Baghdassarian
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jangid AK, Kim S, Park HW, Kim HJ, Kim K. Ex Vivo Surface Decoration of Phenylboronic Acid onto Natural Killer Cells for Sialic Acid-Mediated Versatile Cancer Cell Targeting. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:222-237. [PMID: 38130077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) has been highly acknowledged as a significant cancer recognition moiety in sialic acid-overexpressing cancer cells. In this investigation, lipid-mediated biomaterial integrated PBA molecules onto the surface of natural killer (NK) cells to make a receptor-mediated immune cell therapeutic module. Therefore, a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) lipid-conjugated di-PEG-PBA (DSPEPEG-di(PEG-PBA) biomaterial was synthesized. The DSPEPEG-di(PEG-PBA) biomaterial exhibited a high affinity for sialic acid (SA), confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 6.5 and 7.4. DSPEPEG-di(PEG-PBA) was successfully anchored onto NK cell surfaces (PBA-NK), and this biomaterial maintains intrinsic properties such as viability, ligand availability (FasL & TRAIL), and cytokine secretion response to LPS. The anticancer efficacy of PBA-NK cells was evaluated against 2D cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and HCT-116) and 3D tumor spheroids of MDA-MB-231 cells. PBA-NK cells exhibited greatly enhanced anticancer effects against SA-overexpressing cancer cells. Thus, PBA-NK cells represent a new anticancer strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hee Won Park
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Greco A, Mul K, Jaeger MH, Dos Santos JC, Koenen H, de Jong L, Mann R, Fütterer J, Netea MG, Pruijn GJM, van Engelen BGM, Joosten LAB. IL-6 and TNF are Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:327-347. [PMID: 38250782 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background FSHD is a highly prevalent inherited myopathy with a still poorly understood pathology. Objective To investigate whether proinflammatory cytokines are associated with FSHD and which specific innate immune cells are involved in its pathology. Methods First, we measured circulating cytokines in serum samples: IL-6 (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 98); TNF (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 59); IL-1α (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 66); IL-1β (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 98); MCP-1 (FSHD, n = 14; HC, n = 14); VEGF-A (FSHD, n = 14; HC, n = 14). Second, we tested trained immunity in monocytes (FSHD, n = 15; HC, n = 15) and NK cells (FSHD, n = 11; HC, n = 11). Next, we explored the cytokine production capacity of NK cells in response to different stimuli (FSHD, n = 39; HC, n = 22). Lastly, we evaluated the cytokine production of ex vivo stimulated MRI guided inflamed (TIRM+) and paired MRI guided non inflamed (TIRM-) muscle biopsies of 21 patients and of 8 HC muscle biopsies. Results We included a total of 190 FSHD patients (N = 190, 48±14 years, 49% men) and of 135 HC (N = 135, 44±15 years, 47% men). We found that FSHD patients had higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF measured (a) in the circulation, (b) after ex-vivo stimulation of NK cells, and (c) in muscle specimens. Besides, IL-6 circulating concentrations, as well as its production by NK cells and IL-6 content of FSHD muscle specimens, showed a mild correlation with disease duration, disease severity, and muscle weakness. Conclusion These results show that IL-6 and TNF may contribute to FSHD pathology and suggest novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, the activation of NK cells in FSHD may be a novel pathway contributing to FSHD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Greco
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karlien Mul
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jéssica C Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon de Jong
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ritse Mann
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Fütterer
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ijaz A, Broere F, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA, Veldhuizen EJA. Perforin and granzyme A release as novel tool to measure NK cell activation in chickens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105047. [PMID: 37625470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are present in the circulation but also in many organs including spleen and gut, where they play an important role in the defense against infections. Interaction of NK cells with target cells leads to degranulation, which results in the release of perforin and granzymes in the direct vicinity of the target cell. Chicken NK cells have many characteristics similar to their mammalian counterparts and based on similarities with studies on human NK cells, surface expression of CD107 was always presumed to correlate with granule release. However, proof of this degranulation or in fact the actual presence of perforin (PFN) and granzyme A (GrA) in chicken NK cells and their release upon activation is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of perforin and granzyme A in primary chicken NK cells and to measure their release upon degranulation, as an additional tool to study the function of chicken NK cells. Using human specific antibodies against PFN and GrA in fluorescent and confocal microscopy resulted in staining in chicken NK cells. The presence of PFN and GrA was also confirmed by Western blot analyses and its gene expression by PCR. Stimulation of NK cells with the pectin SPE6 followed by flow cytometry resulted in reduced levels of intracellular PFN and GrA, suggesting release of PFN and GrA. Expression of PFN and GrA reversely correlated with increased surface expression of the lysosomal marker CD107. Finally it was shown that the supernatant of activated NK cells, containing the NK cell granule content including PFN and GrA, was able to kill Escherichia coli. This study correlates PFN and GrA release to activation of chicken NK cells and establishes an additional tool to study activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Ijaz
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu B, Xin Y, Hu G, Li K, Tan Y. Fluid shear stress enhances natural killer cell's cytotoxicity toward circulating tumor cells through NKG2D-mediated mechanosensing. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036108. [PMID: 37575881 PMCID: PMC10423075 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs mainly via hematogenous dissemination, in which circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are relatively vulnerable, and eliminating these cells has great potential to prevent metastasis. In vasculature, natural killer (NK) cells are the major effector lymphocytes for efficient killing of CTCs under fluid shear stress (FSS), which is an important mechanical cue in tumor metastasis. However, the influence of FSS on the cytotoxicity of NK cells against CTCs remains elusive. We report that the death rate of CTCs under both NK cells and FSS is much higher than the combined death induced by either NK cells or FSS, suggesting that FSS may enhance NK cell's cytotoxicity. This death increment is elicited by shear-induced NK activation and granzyme B entry into target cells rather than the death ligand TRAIL or secreted cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. When NK cells form conjugates with CTCs or adhere to MICA-coated substrates, NK cell activating receptor NKG2D can directly sense FSS to induce NK activation and degranulation. These findings reveal the promotive effect of FSS on NK cell's cytotoxicity toward CTCs, thus providing new insight into immune surveillance of CTCs within circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youhua Tan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tandel N, Negi S, Dalai SK, Tyagi RK. Role of natural killer and B cell interaction in inducing pathogen specific immune responses. Int Rev Immunol 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36731424 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2172406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) system comprising of the circulating and tissue-resident cells is known to clear infectious pathogens, establish immune homeostasis as well as confer antitumor immunity. Human natural killer cells (hNKs) and other ILCs carry out mopping of the infectious pathogens and perform cytolytic activity regulated by the non-adaptive immune system. The NK cells generate immunological memory and rapid recall response tightly regulated by the adaptive immunity. The interaction of NK and B cell, and its role to induce the pathogen specific immunity is not fully understood. Hence, present article sheds light on the interaction between NK and B cells and resulting immune responses in the infectious diseases. The immune responses elicited by the NK-B cell interaction is of particular importance for developing therapeutic vaccines against the infectious pathogens. Further, experimental evidences suggest the immune-response driven by NK cell population elicits the host-specific antibodies and memory B cells. Also, recently developed humanized immune system (HIS) mice and their importance in to understanding the NK-B cell interaction and resulting pathogen specific immunity has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarat K Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mace EM. Human natural killer cells: Form, function, and development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:371-385. [PMID: 36195172 PMCID: PMC9905317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that mediate important effector functions in the control of viral infection and malignancy. Their ability to distinguish "self" from "nonself" and lyse virally infected and tumorigenic cells through germline-encoded receptors makes them important players in maintaining human health and a powerful tool for immunotherapeutic applications and fighting disease. This review introduces our current understanding of NK cell biology, including key facets of NK cell differentiation and the acquisition and execution of NK cell effector function. Further, it addresses the clinical relevance of NK cells in both primary immunodeficiency and immunotherapy. It is intended to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of this important and interesting innate immune effector cell subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Persyn E, Wahlen S, Kiekens L, Van Loocke W, Siwe H, Van Ammel E, De Vos Z, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Matthys P, Taghon T, Vandekerckhove B, Van Vlierberghe P, Leclercq G. IRF2 is required for development and functional maturation of human NK cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038821. [PMID: 36544762 PMCID: PMC9762550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-producing lymphocytes that play an important role in the first line of defense against malignant or virus-infected cells. A better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of human NK cell differentiation is crucial to improve the efficacy of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Here, we studied the role of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 2 in human NK cell differentiation by stable knockdown or overexpression in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and investigated its effect on development and function of the NK cell progeny. IRF2 overexpression had limited effects in these processes, indicating that endogenous IRF2 expression levels are sufficient. However, IRF2 knockdown greatly reduced the cell numbers of all early differentiation stages, resulting in decimated NK cell numbers. This was not caused by increased apoptosis, but by decreased proliferation. Expression of IRF2 is also required for functional maturation of NK cells, as the remaining NK cells after silencing of IRF2 had a less mature phenotype and showed decreased cytotoxic potential, as well as a greatly reduced cytokine secretion. Thus, IRF2 plays an important role during development and functional maturation of human NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Persyn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Kiekens
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Siwe
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Ammel
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zenzi De Vos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Georges Leclercq,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sultana P, Novotny J. Rab11 and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221142360. [PMID: 36464817 PMCID: PMC9726856 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221142360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicles mediate the trafficking of membranes/proteins in the endocytic and secretory pathways. These pathways are regulated by small GTPases of the Rab family. Rab proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of GTPases, which are significantly involved in various intracellular trafficking and signaling processes in the nervous system. Rab11 is known to play a key role especially in recycling many proteins, including receptors important for signal transduction and preservation of functional activities of nerve cells. Rab11 activity is controlled by GEFs (guanine exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase activating proteins), which regulate its function through modulating GTP/GDP exchange and the intrinsic GTPase activity, respectively. Rab11 is involved in the transport of several growth factor molecules important for the development and repair of neurons. Overexpression of Rab11 has been shown to significantly enhance vesicle trafficking. On the other hand, a reduced expression of Rab11 was observed in several neurodegenerative diseases. Current evidence appears to support the notion that Rab11 and its cognate proteins may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we briefly discuss the function of Rab11 and its related interaction partners in intracellular pathways that may be involved in neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Jiri Novotny, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sterling KG, Dodd GK, Alhamdi S, Asimenios PG, Dagda RK, De Meirleir KL, Hudig D, Lombardi VC. Mucosal Immunity and the Gut-Microbiota-Brain-Axis in Neuroimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13328. [PMID: 36362150 PMCID: PMC9655506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have opened the door to a wellspring of information regarding the composition of the gut microbiota. Leveraging NGS technology, early metagenomic studies revealed that several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, and myalgic encephalomyelitis, are characterized by alterations in the diversity of gut-associated microbes. More recently, interest has shifted toward understanding how these microbes impact their host, with a special emphasis on their interactions with the brain. Such interactions typically occur either systemically, through the production of small molecules in the gut that are released into circulation, or through signaling via the vagus nerves which directly connect the enteric nervous system to the central nervous system. Collectively, this system of communication is now commonly referred to as the gut-microbiota-brain axis. While equally important, little attention has focused on the causes of the alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. Although several factors can contribute, mucosal immunity plays a significant role in shaping the microbiota in both healthy individuals and in association with several diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the components of mucosal immunity that impact the gut microbiota and then discuss how altered immunological conditions may shape the gut microbiota and consequently affect neuroimmune diseases, using a select group of common neuroimmune diseases as examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Griffin Kutler Dodd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Shatha Alhamdi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruben K. Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Dorothy Hudig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Vincent C. Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Le H, Spearman P, Waggoner SN, Singh K. Ebola virus protein VP40 stimulates IL-12- and IL-18-dependent activation of human natural killer cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158902. [PMID: 35862204 PMCID: PMC9462474 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of activated natural killer (NK) cells in tissues during Ebola virus infection contributes to Ebola virus disease (EVD) pathogenesis. Yet, immunization with Ebola virus-like particles (VLPs) comprising glycoprotein and matrix protein VP40 provides rapid, NK cell–mediated protection against Ebola challenge. We used Ebola VLPs as the viral surrogates to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which Ebola virus triggers heightened NK cell activity. Incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Ebola VLPs or VP40 protein led to increased expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin by CD3–CD56+ NK cells, along with increases in degranulation and cytotoxic activity of these cells. Optimal activation required accessory cells like CD14+ myeloid and CD14– cells and triggered increased secretion of numerous inflammatory cytokines. VP40-induced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion by NK cells was dependent on IL-12 and IL-18 and suppressed by IL-10. In contrast, their increased degranulation was dependent on IL-12 with little influence of IL-18 or IL-10. These results demonstrate that Ebola VP40 stimulates NK cell functions in an IL-12– and IL-18–dependent manner that involves CD14+ and CD14– accessory cells. These potentially novel findings may help in designing improved intervention strategies required to control viral transmission during Ebola outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Paul Spearman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Karnail Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
NK cell CD56bright and CD56dim subset cytokine loss and exhaustion is associated with impaired survival in myeloma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5152-5159. [PMID: 35834731 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are key cells of the innate immune system that share many characteristics with T lymphocytes but whose activation is based on the integration of a range of activatory and inhibitory signals via receptors recognising recurrent pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Two important populations of NK cells with differing functions are recognised; CD56bright and CD56dim. NK cells have the potential to recognise and kill malignant plasma cells, which offers therapeutic opportunities. We used mass cytometry to examine the phenotype and function of NK cell subsets from patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We show that NK cells in NDMM are shifted towards a CD56bright but dysfunctional cytotoxic phenotype which exhibits selective loss of cytokine production. The CD56dim subset has features of exhaustion with impaired proliferation, up-regulation of PD1 and loss of TIM3 expression. Poor expression of NK cell activation markers is seen and is associated with inferior long-term survival. These results suggest that NK cell exhaustion is already present by the time of myeloma diagnosis and likely contributes to the loss of immunological control of malignant plasma cells. Restoring NK cell function via immune directed therapies offers a route to restoring immunological control in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ham H, Medlyn M, Billadeau DD. Locked and Loaded: Mechanisms Regulating Natural Killer Cell Lytic Granule Biogenesis and Release. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871106. [PMID: 35558071 PMCID: PMC9088006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a critical element of our immune system required for protection from microbial infections and cancer. NK cells bind to and eliminate infected or cancerous cells via direct secretion of cytotoxic molecules toward the bound target cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular regulations of NK cell cytotoxicity, focusing on lytic granule development and degranulation processes. NK cells synthesize apoptosis-inducing proteins and package them into specialized organelles known as lytic granules (LGs). Upon activation of NK cells, LGs converge with the microtubule organizing center through dynein-dependent movement along microtubules, ultimately polarizing to the cytotoxic synapse where they subsequently fuse with the NK plasma membrane. From LGs biogenesis to degranulation, NK cells utilize several strategies to protect themselves from their own cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, molecular pathways that enable NK cells to perform serial killing are beginning to be elucidated. These advances in the understanding of the molecular pathways behind NK cell cytotoxicity will be important to not only improve current NK cell-based anti-cancer therapies but also to support the discovery of additional therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjun Ham
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael Medlyn
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hammer Q, Dunst J, Christ W, Picarazzi F, Wendorff M, Momayyezi P, Huhn O, Netskar HK, Maleki KT, García M, Sekine T, Sohlberg E, Azzimato V, Aouadi M, Degenhardt F, Franke A, Spallotta F, Mori M, Michaëlsson J, Björkström NK, Rückert T, Romagnani C, Horowitz A, Klingström J, Ljunggren HG, Malmberg KJ. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 encodes for an HLA-E-stabilizing peptide that abrogates inhibition of NKG2A-expressing NK cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110503. [PMID: 35235832 PMCID: PMC8858686 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that contribute to host defense against virus infections. NK cells respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and are activated in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, by which mechanisms NK cells detect SARS-CoV-2-infected cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the Non-structural protein 13 of SARS-CoV-2 encodes for a peptide that is presented by human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E). In contrast with self-peptides, the viral peptide prevents binding of HLA-E to the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, thereby rendering target cells susceptible to NK cell attack. In line with these observations, NKG2A-expressing NK cells are particularly activated in patients with COVID-19 and proficiently limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected lung epithelial cells in vitro. Thus, these data suggest that a viral peptide presented by HLA-E abrogates inhibition of NKG2A+ NK cells, resulting in missing self-recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Josefine Dunst
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wanda Christ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mareike Wendorff
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pouria Momayyezi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oisín Huhn
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Herman K Netskar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimia T Maleki
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina García
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takuya Sekine
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebba Sohlberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti," National Research Council (IASI-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Rückert
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Medical Department I, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim N, Yi E, Kwon SJ, Park HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim HS. Filamin A Is Required for NK Cell Cytotoxicity at the Expense of Cytokine Production via Synaptic Filamentous Actin Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:792334. [PMID: 35058930 PMCID: PMC8764188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that efficiently eliminate malignant and virus-infected cells without prior activation via the directed and focused release of lytic granule contents for target cell lysis. This cytolytic process is tightly regulated at discrete checkpoint stages to ensure the selective killing of diseased target cells and is highly dependent on the coordinated regulation of cytoskeletal components. The actin-binding protein filamin crosslinks cortical actin filaments into orthogonal networks and links actin filament webs to cellular membranes to modulate cell migration, adhesion, and signaling. However, its role in the regulation of NK cell functions remains poorly understood. Here, we show that filamin A (FLNa), a filamin isoform with preferential expression in leukocytes, is recruited to the NK cell lytic synapse and is required for NK cell cytotoxicity through the modulation of conjugate formation with target cells, synaptic filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulation, and cytotoxic degranulation, but not granule polarization. Interestingly, we also find that the loss of FLNa augments the target cell-induced expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by NK cells, correlating with enhanced activation signals such as Ca2+ mobilization, ERK, and NF-κB, and a delayed down-modulation of the NKG2D receptor. Thus, our results identify FLNa as a new regulator of NK cell effector functions during their decision to kill target cells through a balanced regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity vs cytokine production. Moreover, this study implicates the cross-linking/bundling of F-actin mediated by FLNa as a necessary process coordinating optimal NK effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunbi Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu HC, Huang HB, Huang Tseng HY, Lu MC. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Suppressed Proinflammatory Cytokines Secretion and Enhanced MicroRNA(miR)-3168 Expression in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010570. [PMID: 35009001 PMCID: PMC8745218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its signaling pathway in the proinflammatory cytokines production of macrophages. The effects of different concentrations of BDNF on proinflammatory cytokines expression and secretion in U937 cell-differentiated macrophages, and human monocyte-derived macrophages were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CRISPR-Cas9 system was used to knockout p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), one of the BDNF receptors. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted to search for BDNF-regulated microRNA. A very low concentration of BDNF (1 ng/mL) could suppress the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages but did not change their mRNA expression. BDNF suppressed IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in human monocyte-derived macrophages. In U937 cells, BDNF suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun. The p75NTR knockout strongly suppressed IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion in macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages. BDNF regulated the expression of miR-3168 with Ras-related protein Rab-11A as its target. In conclusion, BDNF suppressed proinflammatory cytokines secretion in macrophages and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. Knockout of p75NTR suppressed proinflammatory cytokines expression and secretion. BDNF upregulated the expression of miR-3168. The inhibition of p75NTR could be a potential strategy to control inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Yu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.T.)
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yu Huang Tseng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.T.)
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-Y.H.T.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2648000 (ext. 3205); Fax: +886-5-2648006
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meza Guzman LG, Nicholson SE. Determining Activation Status of Natural Killer Cells Following Stimulation via Cytokines and Surface Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2463:181-194. [PMID: 35344175 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2160-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of Natural Killer (NK) cells with cytokines, target cell interaction, or antibody mediated activation of receptors on the NK cell surface enables the dissection of specific signaling intermediates in different activation pathways. NK cell activation status is commonly measured by production of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and expression of the degranulation marker LAMP-1 (CD107a). Cytotoxic potency can also be assessed by the production of perforin, granzymes, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). NK cell receptor mediated activation by antibodies requires crosslinking of the receptor-specific antibodies; thus, in vitro activation assays are performed by binding antibodies to cell culture plates. All parameters can be measured by flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth G Meza Guzman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cathepsin X Activity Does Not Affect NK-Target Cell Synapse but Is Rather Distributed to Cytotoxic Granules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413495. [PMID: 34948293 PMCID: PMC8707301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin X is a lysosomal peptidase that is involved in tumour progression and represents a potential target for therapeutic interventions. In addition, it regulates important functions of immune cells and is implicated in the modulation of tumour cell–immune cell crosstalk. Selective cathepsin X inhibitors have been proposed as prospective antitumour agents to prevent cancer progression; however, their impact on the antitumour immune response has been overlooked. Previous studies indicate that the migration and adhesion of T cells and dendritic cells are affected by diminished cathepsin X activity. Meanwhile, the influence of cathepsin X inhibition on natural killer (NK) cell function has not yet been explored. Here, we examined the localization patterns of cathepsin X and the role of its inhibitors on the cytotoxicity of cell line NK-92, which is used for adoptive cellular immunotherapy in cancer patients. NK-92 cells depend on lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) to form stable immunoconjugates with target cells, providing, in this way, optimal cytotoxicity. Since LFA-1 is a substrate for cathepsin X activity in other types of cells, we hypothesized that cathepsin X could disturb the formation of NK-92 immunoconjugates. Thus, we employed cathepsin X reversible and irreversible inhibitors and evaluated their effects on the NK-92 cell interactions with target cells and on the NK-92 cell cytotoxicity. We show that cathepsin X inhibition does not impair stable conjugate formation or the lytic activity of NK-92 cells. Similarly, the conjugate formation between Jurkat T cells and target cells was not affected by cathepsin X activity. Unlike in previous migration and adhesion studies on T cells, in NK-92 cells cathepsin X was not co-localized with LFA-1 at the plasma membrane but was, rather, redistributed to the cytotoxic granules and secreted during degranulation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Han S, Jung M, Kim AS, Lee DY, Cha BH, Putnam CW, Lim KS, Bull DA, Won YW. Peptide Adjuvant to Invigorate Cytolytic Activity of NK Cells in an Obese Mouse Cancer Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081279. [PMID: 34452238 PMCID: PMC8401452 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients who are overweight compared to those with normal body weight have obesity-associated alterations of natural killer (NK) cells, characterized by poor cytotoxicity, slow proliferation, and inadequate anti-cancer activity. Concomitantly, prohibitin overexpressed by cancer cells elevates glucose metabolism, rendering the tumor microenvironment (TME) more tumor-favorable, and leading to malfunction of immune cells present in the TME. These changes cause vicious cycles of tumor growth. Adoptive immunotherapy has emerged as a promising option for cancer patients; however, obesity-related alterations in the TME allow the tumor to bypass immune surveillance and to down-regulate the activity of adoptively transferred NK cells. We hypothesized that inhibiting the prohibitin signaling pathway in an obese model would reduce glucose metabolism of cancer cells, thereby changing the TME to a pro-immune microenvironment and restoring the cytolytic activity of NK cells. Priming tumor cells with an inhibitory the prohibitin-binding peptide (PBP) enhances cytokine secretion and augments the cytolytic activity of adoptively transferred NK cells. NK cells harvested from the PBP-primed tumors exhibit multiple markers associated with the effector function of active NK cells. Our findings suggest that PBP has the potential as an adjuvant to enhance the cytolytic activity of adoptively transferred NK cells in cancer patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Minjin Jung
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Angela S. Kim
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Daniel Y. Lee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Byung-Hyun Cha
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Charles W. Putnam
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-Machinery Convergence Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - David A. Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.H.); (M.J.); (A.S.K.); (D.Y.L.); (B.-H.C.); (C.W.P.); (D.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dai L, Li X, Zheng X, Fu Z, Yao M, Meng S, Zhang J, Han B, Gao Q, Chang J, Cai K, Yang H. TGF-β blockade-improved chemo-immunotherapy with pH/ROS cascade-responsive micelle via tumor microenvironment remodeling. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121010. [PMID: 34247042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and low delivery efficiency severely impede the tumor chemotherapy effect. To address this issue, we develop a pH/ROS cascade-responsive prodrug micelle to deliver siTGF-β with size-shrinkage and charge-reversal property, leading to synergistical tumor microenvironment remodeling. The nanosystem highly improved endocytosis efficiency and tumor penetration depth through charge reversal and size reduction upon exposure to weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the nanocarrier would rapidly escape from endo/lysosome, disassemble and release siTGF-β and hydroxycamptothecin in response to high intracellular ROS. Furthermore, the nanosystem significantly boosted antitumor immune response and reduced immune tolerance with remodeling tumor microenvironment, which significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice (75% survival rate upon 35 days). It is realized by the combined effects of chemotherapy-enhanced immunogenicity and recruitment of effector T cells, TGF-β-blockade immunotherapy-activated inhibition immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and regulation physical tumor microenvironment via reducing the dense tumor extracellular matrix and the high tumor interstitial pressure obstacles. To this end, the nanosystem not only overcame biobarriers and reinforced antitumor immune response, but also effectively inhibited tumor growth, metastasis and recurrence in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Dai
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhenxiang Fu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Mengjiao Yao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Siyu Meng
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiangong Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Binbin Han
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gocher AM, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interferon-γ: teammate or opponent in the tumour microenvironment? Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 22:158-172. [PMID: 34155388 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy offers substantive benefit to patients with various tumour types, in some cases leading to complete tumour clearance. However, many patients do not respond to immunotherapy, galvanizing the field to define the mechanisms of pre-existing and acquired resistance. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a cytokine that has both protumour and antitumour activities, suggesting that it may serve as a nexus for responsiveness to immunotherapy. Many cancer immunotherapies and chemotherapies induce IFNγ production by various cell types, including activated T cells and natural killer cells. Patients resistant to these therapies commonly have molecular aberrations in the IFNγ signalling pathway or express resistance molecules driven by IFNγ. Given that all nucleated cells can respond to IFNγ, the functional consequences of IFNγ production need to be carefully dissected on a cell-by-cell basis. Here, we review the cells that produce IFNγ and the different effects of IFNγ in the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the pleiotropic nature of this multifunctional and abundant cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Müller I, Janson L, Sauter M, Pappritz K, Linthout SV, Tschöpe C, Klingel K. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Restrain Natural Killer Cell Activity in Acute Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050889. [PMID: 34065891 PMCID: PMC8151145 DOI: 10.3390/v13050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis well represent the different outcomes of this inflammatory heart disease. Previously, we found that CVB3-infected A.BY/SnJ mice, susceptible for severe acute and chronic myocarditis, have lower natural killer (NK) cell levels than C57BL/6 mice, with mild acute myocarditis. There is evidence that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) may inhibit NK cells, influencing the course of myocarditis. To investigate the MDSC/NK interrelationship in acute myocarditis, we used CVB3-infected A.BY/SnJ mice. Compared to non-infected mice, we found increased cell numbers of MDSC in the spleen and heart of CVB3-infected A.BY/SnJ mice. In parallel, S100A8 and S100A9 were increased in the heart, spleen, and especially in splenic MDSC cells compared to non-infected mice. In vitro experiments provided evidence that MDSC disrupt cytotoxic NK cell function upon co-culturing with MDSC. MDSC-specific depletion by an anti-Ly6G antibody led to a significant reduction in the virus load and injury in hearts of infected animals. The decreased cardiac damage in MDSC-depleted mice was associated with fewer Mac3+ macrophages and CD3+ T lymphocytes and a reduced cardiac expression of S100A8, S100A9, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In conclusion, impairment of functional NK cells by MDSC promotes the development of chronic CVB3 myocarditis in A.BY/SnJ mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Müller
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany; (I.M.); (K.P.); (S.V.L.); (C.T.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Janson
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (L.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Sauter
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (L.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Kathleen Pappritz
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany; (I.M.); (K.P.); (S.V.L.); (C.T.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany; (I.M.); (K.P.); (S.V.L.); (C.T.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany; (I.M.); (K.P.); (S.V.L.); (C.T.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10017 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (L.J.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-2980205
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Domagala J, Lachota M, Klopotowska M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Domagala A, Zhylko A, Soroczynska K, Winiarska M. The Tumor Microenvironment-A Metabolic Obstacle to NK Cells' Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123542. [PMID: 33260925 PMCID: PMC7761432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have unique capabilities of recognition and destruction of tumor cells, without the requirement for prior immunization of the host. Maintaining tolerance to healthy cells makes them an attractive therapeutic tool for almost all types of cancer. Unfortunately, metabolic changes associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression lead to immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, which in turn limits the efficacy of various immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the metabolic changes characteristic for the tumor microenvironment. Both tumor and tumor-associated cells produce and secrete factors that directly or indirectly prevent NK cell cytotoxicity. Here, we depict the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of immune effector cells by metabolic factors. Finally, we summarize the strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Klopotowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Urology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Soroczynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225-992-199
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li D, Bradley T, Cain DW, Pedroza-Pacheco I, Aggelakopoulou M, Parks R, Barr M, Xia SM, Scearce R, Bowman C, Stevens G, Newman A, Hora B, Chen Y, Riebe K, Wang Y, Sempowski G, Saunders KO, Borrow P, Haynes BF. RAB11FIP5-Deficient Mice Exhibit Cytokine-Related Transcriptomic Signatures. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:713-728. [PMID: 33172842 PMCID: PMC8050958 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab11 recycling endosomes are involved in immunological synaptic functions, but the roles of Rab11 family–interacting protein 5 (Rab11Fip5), one of the Rab11 effectors, in the immune system remain obscure. Our previous study demonstrated that RAB11FIP5 transcripts are significantly elevated in PBMCs from HIV-1–infected individuals, making broadly HIV-1–neutralizing Abs compared with those without broadly neutralizing Abs; however, the role of Rab11FiP5 in immune functions remains unclear. In this study, a RAB11FIP5 gene knockout (RAB11FIP5−/−) mouse model was employed to study the role of Rab11Fip5 in immune responses. RAB11FIP5−/− mice exhibited no perturbation in lymphoid tissue cell subsets, and Rab11Fip5 was not required for serum Ab induction following HIV-1 envelope immunization, Ab transcytosis to mucosal sites, or survival after influenza challenge. However, differences were observed in multiple transcripts, including cytokine genes, in lymphocyte subsets from envelope-immunized RAB11FIP5−/− versus control mice. These included alterations in several genes in NK cells that mirrored observations in NKs from HIV-infected humans expressing less RAB11FIP5, although Rab11Fip5 was dispensable for NK cell cytolytic activity. Notably, immunized RAB11FIP5−/− mice had lower IL4 expression in CD4+ T follicular helper cells and showed lower TNF expression in CD8+ T cells. Likewise, TNF-α production by human CD8+ T cells correlated with PBMC RAB11FIP5 expression. These observations in RAB11FIP5−/− mice suggest a role for Rab11Fip5 in regulating cytokine responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710;
| | - Todd Bradley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Aggelakopoulou
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Maggie Barr
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Shi-Mao Xia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Richard Scearce
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Cindy Bowman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Grace Stevens
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Amanda Newman
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yue Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Kristina Riebe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Gregory Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; and.,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; .,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; and
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Menasche BL, Davis EM, Wang S, Ouyang Y, Li S, Yu H, Shen J. PBRM1 and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic pathway promote tumor killing mediated by MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc3243. [PMID: 33246952 PMCID: PMC7695474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) such as natural killer (NK) cells can detect and destroy tumor and virus-infected cells resistant to T cell-mediated killing. Here, we performed genome-wide genetic screens to identify tumor-intrinsic genes regulating killing by MHC-unrestricted CLs. A group of genes identified in our screens encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, which is not involved in tumor response to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Another gene identified in the screens was PBRM1, which encodes a subunit of the PBAF form of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. PBRM1 mutations in tumor cells cause resistance to MHC-unrestricted killing, in contrast to their sensitizing effects on T cell-mediated killing. PBRM1 and the GPI biosynthetic pathway regulate the ligands of NK cell receptors in tumor cells and promote cytolytic granule secretion in CLs. The regulators identified in this work represent potential targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L Menasche
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Eric M Davis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Chinese Medicine Information Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Natural Killer Cells Suppress T Cell-Associated Tumor Immune Evasion. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2784-2794.e5. [PMID: 31509742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of cancer immunotherapies, the majority of patients fail to respond or develop resistance through disruption of pathways that promote neo-antigen presentation on MHC I molecules. Here, we conducted a series of unbiased, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify genes that limit natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor activity. We identified that genes associated with antigen presentation and/or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling protect tumor cells from NK cell killing. Indeed, Jak1-deficient melanoma cells were sensitized to NK cell killing through attenuated NK cell-derived IFN-γ-driven transcriptional events that regulate MHC I expression. Importantly, tumor cells that became resistant to T cell killing through enrichment of MHC I-deficient clones were highly sensitive to NK cell killing. Taken together, we reveal the genes targeted by tumor cells to drive checkpoint blockade resistance but simultaneously increase their vulnerability to NK cells, unveiling NK cell-based immunotherapies as a strategy to antagonize tumor immune escape.
Collapse
|
29
|
Almas S, Fayad N, Srivastava O, Siddique M, Touret N, Lacy P. Cytokine trafficking of IL-9 and IL-13 through TfnRc + vesicles in activated human eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:753-762. [PMID: 32911568 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma0820-320rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes that are elevated in lung mucosa in approximately half of patients with allergic asthma. These highly granulated cells can synthesize and secrete many cytokines, including IL-9 and IL-13. We hypothesized that IL-9 and IL-13 are found as preformed mediators in crystalloid granules and secreted using distinct trafficking pathways. Human eosinophils were purified from peripheral venous blood, adhered to coverslips, and stimulated with platelet activating factor (PAF). Cells were immunolabeled with antibodies to IL-9 or IL-13 and colocalized with markers for secretory organelles, using CD63 for crystalloid granules and transferrin receptor (TfnRc) for vesicles. Fixed cells were imaged using super-resolution microscopy and quantified by colocalization using Pearson's correlation coefficient. IL-9 immunofluorescence increased in a time-dependent manner to PAF, whereas colocalization of IL-9 and CD63 significantly increased from 0.52 to 0.67 after 5 min PAF. Colocalization of IL-9 with TfnRc significantly increased at 60 min of stimulation with PAF (0.54 at 0 min to 0.60 at 60 min). IL-13 showed lower colocalization with CD63 (0.55) than TfnRc (0.63) in unstimulated cells. Upon PAF stimulation, IL-13 intensity transiently decreased at 5 and 60 min, whereas colocalization of IL-13 with CD63 decreased throughout stimulation to 0.43. While colocalization of IL-13 with TfnRc transiently increased to 0.66 at 5 min PAF, it returned to near baseline levels (0.64) after 15 min PAF. Our results suggest that IL-9 and IL-13 are stored in crystalloid granules as well as endosomal structures, and that IL-9 is primarily trafficked to the cell surface via TfnRc+ endosome-like vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Almas
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nawell Fayad
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ojas Srivastava
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mujtaba Siddique
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicolas Touret
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Earlier-Phased Cancer Immunity Cycle Strongly Influences Cancer Immunity in Operable Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma. iScience 2020; 23:101386. [PMID: 32795913 PMCID: PMC7426575 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome and transcriptome analyses of clinically homogeneous early-stage never-smoker female patients with lung adenocarcinoma were performed to understand tumor-T cell interactions and immune escape points. Using our novel gene panels of eight functional categories in the cancer-immunity cycle, three distinct subgroups were identified in this immune checkpoint blockade-refractory cohort by defective gene expression in two major domains, i.e., type I interferon production/signaling pathway and antigen-presenting machinery. Our approach could play a critical role in understanding immune evasion mechanisms, developing a method for effective selection of rare immune checkpoint blockade responders, and finding new treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee YE, Ju A, Choi HW, Kim JC, Kim EE, Kim TS, Kang HJ, Kim SY, Jang JY, Ku JL, Kim SC, Jun E, Jang M. Rationally designed redirection of natural killer cells anchoring a cytotoxic ligand for pancreatic cancer treatment. J Control Release 2020; 326:310-323. [PMID: 32682905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of T-cell engineering with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has led to attractive therapeutics; however, autologous CAR-T cells are associated with poor clinical outcomes in solid tumors because of low safety and efficacy. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop a CAR therapy with enhanced cytotoxicity against solid cancer using allogeneic NK cells. In this study, we engineered "off-the-shelf" NK cells to redirect them towards pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by improving their target-specific cytotoxic potential. By integrated bioinformatic and clinicopathological analyses, folate receptor alpha (FRα) and death receptor 4 (DR4) were significantly highly expressed in patient-derived tumor cells. The combined expression of FRα and DR4/5 was associated with inferior clinical outcomes, therefore indicating their use as potential targets for biomolecular treatment. Thus, FRα and DR4 expression pattern can be a strong prognostic factor as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of PDAC. For effective PDAC treatment, allogeneic CAR-NK cells were reprogrammed to carry an apoptosis-inducing ligand and to redirect them towards FRα and initiate DR4/5-mediated cancer-selective cell death in FRα- and DR4/5-positive tumors. As a result, the redirected cytotoxic ligand-loaded NK cells led to a significantly enhanced tumor-selective apoptosis. Accordingly, use of allogeneic CAR-NK cells that respond to FRα and DR4/5 double-positive cancers might improve clinical outcomes based on personal genome profiles. Thus, therapeutic modalities based on allogeneic NK cells can potentially be used to treat large numbers of patients with optimally selective cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Anna Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hwi Wan Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Constituents of Research Center, Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, South Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Eunsung Jun
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
| | - Mihue Jang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Widowati W, Jasaputra DK, Sumitro SB, Widodo MA, Mozef T, Rizal R, Kusuma HSW, Laksmitawati DR, Murti H, Bachtiar I, Faried A. Effect of interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-18) on receptors activation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in breast cancer cell. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:822-832. [PMID: 33163049 PMCID: PMC7609126 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immunosurveillance deficiency, such NK cell maturation, low NK activity and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukins (ILs). METHODS Human recombinant IL-2, -15, and -18 were used to induce NK cells. We measured the activating and inhibiting receptors, proliferation activity of NK cells, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7). The effects of ILs were tested on the NK cell receptors CD314, CD158a and CD107a with flowcytometry, proliferation at various incubation times with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ by NK cells with ELISA. RESULTS ILs increased NK cell receptor levels (CD314, CD158a, and CD107a) at 24 hours of incubation. ILs increased NK cell viability, which increased with longer incubation. Moreover, ILs-induced NK cells inhibited proliferation in MCF7 cells, as well as increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion. CONCLUSION IL-2, IL-15, and IL-18 improved activating receptors and proliferation of NK cells. IL-induced NK cells increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion and cytotoxic activity on BC cells. High NK cell numbers increased BC cell growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widowati
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Diana K Jasaputra
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman B Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145 East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad A Widodo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tjandrawati Mozef
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Rizal Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Sari W Kusuma
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dian R Laksmitawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12640, Indonesia
| | - Harry Murti
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Indra Bachtiar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faried
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yun J, Lee SH, Kim SY, Jeong SY, Kim JH, Pyo KH, Park CW, Heo SG, Yun MR, Lim S, Lim SM, Hong MH, Kim HR, Thayu M, Curtin JC, Knoblauch RE, Lorenzi MV, Roshak A, Cho BC. Antitumor Activity of Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), an EGFR-MET Bispecific Antibody, in Diverse Models of EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Driven NSCLC. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1194-1209. [PMID: 32414908 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
EGFR exon 20 insertion driver mutations (Exon20ins) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), a bispecific antibody targeting EGFR-MET, has shown preclinical activity in TKI-sensitive EGFR-mutated NSCLC models and in an ongoing first-in-human study in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, the activity of amivantamab in Exon20ins-driven tumors has not yet been described. Ba/F3 cells and patient-derived cells/organoids/xenograft models harboring diverse Exon20ins were used to characterize the antitumor mechanism of amivantamab. Amivantamab inhibited proliferation by effectively downmodulating EGFR-MET levels and inducing immune-directed antitumor activity with increased IFNγ secretion in various models. Importantly, in vivo efficacy of amivantamab was superior to cetuximab or poziotinib, an experimental Exon20ins-targeted TKI. Amivantamab produced robust tumor responses in two Exon20ins patients, highlighting the important translational nature of this preclinical work. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the activity of amivantamab and support its continued clinical development in Exon20ins patients, an area of high unmet medical need. SIGNIFICANCE: Currently, there are no approved targeted therapies for EGFR Exon20ins-driven NSCLC. Preclinical data shown here, together with promising clinical activity in an ongoing phase I study, strongly support further clinical investigation of amivantamab in EGFR Exon20ins-driven NSCLC.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yun
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Lee
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of South Korea
| | - Seok-Young Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Seo-Yoon Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Chae-Won Park
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of South Korea
| | - Sangbin Lim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Meena Thayu
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua C Curtin
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Amy Roshak
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lam MT, Mace EM, Orange JS. A research-driven approach to the identification of novel natural killer cell deficiencies affecting cytotoxic function. Blood 2020; 135:629-637. [PMID: 31945148 PMCID: PMC7046607 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cell deficiencies (NKDs) are an emerging phenotypic subtype of primary immune deficiency. NK cells provide a defense against virally infected cells using a variety of cytotoxic mechanisms, and patients who have defective NK cell development or function can present with atypical, recurrent, or severe herpesviral infections. The current pipeline for investigating NKDs involves the acquisition and clinical assessment of patients with a suspected NKD followed by subsequent in silico, in vitro, and in vivo laboratory research. Evaluation involves initially quantifying NK cells and measuring NK cell cytotoxicity and expression of certain NK cell receptors involved in NK cell development and function. Subsequent studies using genomic methods to identify the potential causative variant are conducted along with variant impact testing to make genotype-phenotype connections. Identification of novel genes contributing to the NKD phenotype can also be facilitated by applying the expanding knowledge of NK cell biology. In this review, we discuss how NKDs that affect NK cell cytotoxicity can be approached in the clinic and laboratory for the discovery of novel gene variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Phatarpekar PV, Billadeau DD. Molecular regulation of the plasma membrane-proximal cellular steps involved in NK cell cytolytic function. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs240424. [PMID: 32086255 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, cytolytic lymphocytes of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in the immune response against infection and cancer. NK cells kill target cells through exocytosis of lytic granules that contain cytotoxic proteins, such as perforin and granzymes. Formation of a functional immune synapse, i.e. the interface between the NK cell and its target cell enhances lysis through accumulation of polymerized F-actin at the NK cell synapse, leading to convergence of lytic granules to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and its subsequent polarization along microtubules to deliver the lytic granules to the synapse. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms regulating the cellular processes that occur after the lytic granules are delivered to the cytotoxic synapse. We outline how - once near the synapse - the granules traverse the clearings created by F-actin remodeling to dock, tether and fuse with the plasma membrane in order to secrete their lytic content into the synaptic cleft through exocytosis. Further emphasis is given to the role of Ca2+ mobilization during degranulation and, whenever applicable, we compare these mechanisms in NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) as adaptive immune system effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad V Phatarpekar
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dufresne S, Guéritat J, Chiavassa S, Noblet C, Assi M, Rioux‐Leclercq N, Rannou‐Bekono F, Lefeuvre‐Orfila L, Paris F, Rébillard A. Exercise training improves radiotherapy efficiency in a murine model of prostate cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:4984-4996. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901728r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Dufresne
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory EA 1274 Université Rennes 2 ENS Rennes Bruz France
| | - Jordan Guéritat
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory EA 1274 Université Rennes 2 ENS Rennes Bruz France
| | - Sophie Chiavassa
- CRCINA INSERM Université de Nantes Université d'Angers Nantes France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Centre René Gauducheau Saint Herblain France
| | - Caroline Noblet
- CRCINA INSERM Université de Nantes Université d'Angers Nantes France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Centre René Gauducheau Saint Herblain France
| | - Mohamad Assi
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory EA 1274 Université Rennes 2 ENS Rennes Bruz France
| | | | - Françoise Rannou‐Bekono
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory EA 1274 Université Rennes 2 ENS Rennes Bruz France
| | - Luz Lefeuvre‐Orfila
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory EA 1274 Université Rennes 2 ENS Rennes Bruz France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA INSERM Université de Nantes Université d'Angers Nantes France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Centre René Gauducheau Saint Herblain France
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory EA 1274 Université Rennes 2 ENS Rennes Bruz France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sorvina A, Shandala T, Wang S, Sharkey DJ, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Selemidis S, Brooks DA. CDKI-73 is a Novel Pharmacological Inhibitor of Rab11 Cargo Delivery and Innate Immune Secretion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020372. [PMID: 32033486 PMCID: PMC7072129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defence against pathogen and environmental challenge and this involves the production and secretion of immune mediators, such as antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, when dysregulated, innate immunity can contribute to multifactorial diseases, including inflammatory rheumatic disorders, type 2 diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and even septic shock. During an innate immune response, antimicrobial peptides and cytokines are trafficked via Rab11 multivesicular endosomes, and then sorted into Rab11 vesicles for traffic to the plasma membrane and secretion. In this study, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKI-73 was used to determine its effect on the innate immune response, based on previously identified targets for this compound. Our results showed that CDKI-73 inhibited the delivery of Rab11 vesicles to the plasma membrane, resulting in the accumulation of large multivesicular Rab11 endosomes near the cell periphery. In addition to the effect on endosome delivery, CDKI-73 down-regulated the amount of innate immune cargo, including the antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We concluded that CDKI-73 has the potential to regulate the delivery and secretion of certain innate immune cargo, which could be used to control inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - David J. Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Emma Parkinson-Lawrence
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Douglas A. Brooks
- Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia (E.P.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (D.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Phung CD, Tran TH, Kim JO. Engineered nanoparticles to enhance natural killer cell activity towards onco-immunotherapy: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:32-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
Intercellular communication mediated by cytokines is the main mechanism by which cells of the immune system talk to each other. Many aspects of cytokine signalling in the immune system have been explored in great detail at the structural, biophysical, biochemical and cellular levels. However, a systematic understanding of the quantitative rules that govern cytokine-mediated cell-to-cell communication is still lacking. Here, we discuss recent efforts in the field of systems immunology to bring about a quantitative understanding of cytokine-mediated communication between leukocytes and to provide novel insights into the orchestration of immune responses and inflammation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sprooten J, Garg AD. Type I interferons and endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 350:63-118. [PMID: 32138904 PMCID: PMC7104985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) comprise of pro-inflammatory cytokines created, as well as sensed, by all nucleated cells with the main objective of blocking pathogens-driven infections. Owing to this broad range of influence, type I IFNs also exhibit critical functions in many sterile inflammatory diseases and immunopathologies, especially those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven signaling pathways. Indeed, over the years accumulating evidence has indicated that the presence of ER stress can influence the production, or sensing of, type I IFNs induced by perturbations like pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, infections (bacterial, viral or parasitic) or autoimmunity. In this article we discuss the link between type I IFNs and ER stress in various diseased contexts. We describe how ER stress regulates type I IFNs production or sensing, or how type I IFNs may induce ER stress, in various circumstances like microbial infections, autoimmunity, diabetes, cancer and other ER stress-related contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Campbell TM, McSharry BP, Steain M, Russell TA, Tscharke DC, Kennedy JJ, Slobedman B, Abendroth A. Functional paralysis of human natural killer cells by alphaherpesviruses. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007784. [PMID: 31194857 PMCID: PMC6564036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are implicated as important anti-viral immune effectors in varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. VZV can productively infect human NK cells, yet it is unknown how, or if, VZV can directly affect NK cell function. Here we demonstrate that VZV potently impairs the ability of NK cells to respond to target cell stimulation in vitro, leading to a loss of both cytotoxic and cytokine responses. Remarkably, not only were VZV infected NK cells affected, but VZV antigen negative NK cells that were exposed to virus in culture were also inhibited. This powerful impairment of function was dependent on direct contact between NK cells and VZV infected inoculum cells. Profiling of the NK cell surface receptor phenotype by multiparameter flow cytometry revealed that functional receptor expression is predominantly stable. Furthermore, inhibited NK cells were still capable of releasing cytotoxic granules when the stimulation signal bypassed receptor/ligand interactions and early signalling, suggesting that VZV paralyses NK cells from responding. Phosflow examination of key components in the degranulation signalling cascade also demonstrated perturbation following culture with VZV. In addition to inhibiting degranulation, IFN-γ and TNF production were also repressed by VZV co-culture, which was most strongly regulated in VZV infected NK cells. Interestingly, the closely related virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), was also capable of efficiently infecting NK cells in a cell-associated manner, and demonstrated a similar capacity to render NK cells unresponsive to target cell stimulation–however HSV-1 differentially targeted cytokine production compared to VZV. Our findings progress a growing understanding of pathogen inhibition of NK cell function, and reveal a previously unreported strategy for VZV to manipulate the immune response. Natural killer (NK) cells–as their name implies–are the immune system’s ready to respond ‘killers’, being able to help control viral infection by cytolytic killing of infected cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate and direct the immune response. In retaliation, viruses like varicella zoster virus (VZV; the cause of chickenpox and shingles) work to dampen the immune system in order to establish infection in human hosts. We have identified a previously uncharacterised ability of VZV to render NK cells unresponsive to target cells, hindering NK cells from both cytotoxic function and cytokine production. NK cells still maintained predominantly stable expression of functional surface receptors, and were capable of releasing cytotoxic granules when given a receptor-independent stimulus. In this way, VZV paralyses NK cells from functionally responding to target cells, essentially taking the ‘killer’ out of natural killer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Mollie Campbell
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Patrick McSharry
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan Steain
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Ann Russell
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - David Carl Tscharke
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jarrod John Kennedy
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The JAK-STAT1 transcriptional signature in peripheral immune cells reveals alterations related to illness duration and acuity in psychosis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 77:37-45. [PMID: 30503835 PMCID: PMC8521437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of inquiry demonstrate alterations to immune function in psychosis. Clinically, this is reflected by elevated proinflammatory cytokines in serum, indicating activation of circulating immune cells. Data from isolated cells in clinical populations support the presence of altered activity of pertinent intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we focus on the well-characterized IFN-γ mediated JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway, which is involved in multiple aspects of immunity, including activation of circulating immune cells to a proinflammatory phenotype. By measuring a transcriptional signature characteristic of activation of this pathway, we demonstrate that JAK-STAT1 signature gene expression is suppressed in participants with psychosis who are early in illness and in participants who are hospitalized with an acute exacerbation of psychosis. Furthermore, we find that this expression signature normalizes in participants who have a longer illness duration and chronic, but not acute, psychopathology. This relationship of JAK-STAT1 signature gene expression with clinical characteristics highlights the temporal and contextual complexity of alterations to immune activity in psychosis and provides important insight into the functional state of circulating immune cells. These findings are of particular interest given recent research illustrating the importance of peripherally derived immune cells and the effectors they secrete in mediating neurophysiological processes of relevance for psychiatric illness.
Collapse
|
43
|
RAB11FIP5 Expression and Altered Natural Killer Cell Function Are Associated with Induction of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses. Cell 2018; 175:387-399.e17. [PMID: 30270043 PMCID: PMC6176872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are difficult to induce with vaccines but are generated in ∼50% of HIV-1-infected individuals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host control of bnAb induction is critical to vaccine design. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of blood mononuclear cells from 47 HIV-1-infected individuals who made bnAbs and 46 HIV-1-infected individuals who did not and identified in bnAb individuals upregulation of RAB11FIP5, encoding a Rab effector protein associated with recycling endosomes. Natural killer (NK) cells had the highest differential expression of RAB11FIP5, which was associated with greater dysregulation of NK cell subsets in bnAb subjects. NK cells from bnAb individuals had a more adaptive/dysfunctional phenotype and exhibited impaired degranulation and cytokine production that correlated with RAB11FIP5 transcript levels. Moreover, RAB11FIP5 overexpression modulated the function of NK cells. These data suggest that NK cells and Rab11 recycling endosomal transport are involved in regulation of HIV-1 bnAb development. Elevated RAB11FIP5 expression is associated with HIV-1 bnAb induction NK cells show the highest differential RAB11FIP5 expression NK cell subsets are more dysregulated in individuals developing bnAbs Rab11Fip5 regulates NK cell function
Collapse
|
44
|
Hayek S, Bekaddour N, Besson L, Alves de Sousa R, Pietrancosta N, Viel S, Smith N, Jacob Y, Nisole S, Mandal R, Wishart DS, Walzer T, Herbeuval JP, Vidalain PO. Identification of Primary Natural Killer Cell Modulators by Chemical Library Screening with a Luciferase-Based Functional Assay. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:25-37. [PMID: 30184441 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218797078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential players of the innate immune response that secrete cytolytic factors and cytokines such as IFN-γ when contacting virus-infected or tumor cells. They represent prime targets in immunotherapy as defects in NK cell functions are hallmarks of many pathological conditions, such as cancer and chronic infections. The functional screening of chemical libraries or biologics would greatly help identify new modulators of NK cell activity, but commonly used methods such as flow cytometry are not easily scalable to high-throughput settings. Here we describe an efficient assay to measure the natural cytotoxicity of primary NK cells where the bioluminescent enzyme NanoLuc is constitutively expressed in the cytoplasm of target cells and is released in co-culture supernatants when lysis occurs. We fully characterized this assay using either purified NK cells or total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including some patient samples, as effector cells. A pilot screen was also performed on a library of 782 metabolites, xenobiotics, and common drugs, which identified dextrometorphan and diphenhydramine as novel NK cell inhibitors. Finally, this assay was further improved by developing a dual-reporter cell line to simultaneously measure NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ secretion in a single well, extending the potential of this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hayek
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Nassima Bekaddour
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Besson
- 2 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,3 Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Rodolphe Alves de Sousa
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- 2 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,3 Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nikaia Smith
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Yves Jacob
- 4 CNRS, UMR3569, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- 5 Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- 6 Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- 6 Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thierry Walzer
- 2 Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- 1 Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abel AM, Yang C, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1869. [PMID: 30150991 PMCID: PMC6099181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant innate lymphocyte subsets that mediate anti-tumor and anti-viral responses, and therefore possess promising clinical utilization. NK cells do not express polymorphic clonotypic receptors and utilize inhibitory receptors (killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49) to develop, mature, and recognize “self” from “non-self.” The essential roles of common gamma cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15 in the commitment and development of NK cells are well established. However, the critical functions of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-18, IL-27, and IL-35 in the transcriptional-priming of NK cells are only starting to emerge. Recent studies have highlighted multiple shared characteristics between NK cells the adaptive immune lymphocytes. NK cells utilize unique signaling pathways that offer exclusive ways to genetically manipulate to improve their effector functions. Here, we summarize the recent advances made in the understanding of how NK cells develop, mature, and their potential translational use in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Abel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Excellence in Prostate Cancer, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sevim H, Kocaefe YÇ, Onur MA, Uçkan-Çetinkaya D, Gürpınar ÖA. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammatory response in an in vitro model of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:198. [PMID: 30021624 PMCID: PMC6052587 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 2 (FHL2) is the most common familial type of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with immune dysregulation. FHL2 patients have mutations in the perforin gene which cause overactivation and proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Perforin is the key component of the cytolytic granule response function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Perforin dysfunction causes a cytotoxic immune deficiency with a clinical outcome of uncontrolled and continuous immune stimulation response. This excessive stimulation leads to continuous systemic inflammation and, ultimately, multiorgan failure. Radical therapy is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation which is limited by the availability of a donor. Exacerbations of inflammatory attacks require a palliative immunosuppressive regimen. There is a need for an alternative or adjuvant therapy to maintain these patients when immunosuppression is ineffective or a donor is not available. Beneficial actions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown in autoimmune diseases in clinical trials and are attributed to their immune-modulatory properties. This study aimed to assess the immune-modulatory effect of MSCs in an in-vitro model of FHL2. METHODS We generated a targeted mutation in the perforin gene of NK92 cells to create an in-vitro FLH2 model using Crispr/Cas technology. A coculture setup was employed to assess the immunomodulatory efficacy of MSCs. RESULTS Engineered NK92 clones did not show PRF1 mRNA expression and failed to secrete perforin upon phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin stimulation, providing evidence for a valid FHL2 model. Coculture media of the engineered cells were investigated for the abundance of several cytokines. Coculture with MSCs revealed a reduction in major proinflammatory cytokines and an induction in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines compared to the parental NK92 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the ameliorating effect of MSCs as an adjuvant immune modulator toward the therapy of FHL2 patients. MSCs are supportive therapy candidates for FHL2 patients under circumstances where prolonged immunosuppression is required to gain time before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handan Sevim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Çetin Kocaefe
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Onur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan-Çetinkaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Pediatric Hematology, BMT Unit, Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özer Aylin Gürpınar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Y, Wang J, Yin J, Liu X, Yu M, Li T, Yan H, Wang X. Chromatin state dynamics during NK cell activation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41854-41865. [PMID: 28402957 PMCID: PMC5522033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity have mainly focused on the balance of activating and inhibitory receptors, signaling transduction, calcium influx, formation of immune synapse, and cytolytic degranulation. However, little is known about the chromatin state of NK cells and the impact of its changes during target recognition. In this study, we investigate the contribution of chromatin state dynamics during NK cell activation by comprehensively analyzing a set of microarray data and two sets of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. We find that the expression of several histone demethylases and methyltransferases was influenced upon stimulation. Furthermore, we notice that a series of genes, including PI3KCA, NFATC1and TNFSF9, which play important roles during NK cell activation, were at ‘poised’ state prior to activation, and that modifications of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 on these promotors were sensitive to stimulation with Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA) and Ionomycin (Iono) in the NK92MI cell line. Finally, we demonstrate that a series of small molecule inhibitors, which are specific to H3K4 and H3K27 modification, enhance degranulation or the expression levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Our results suggest that the histone modification state has a profound impact on NK cell activation, and provide novel insights into the regulation of NK cellular cytotoxicity and immunoregulatory function by chromatin state dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghang Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Laboratory of Epigenetics in Development and Tumorigenesis, Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rituximab impedes natural killer cell function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis patients: A pilot in vitro investigation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:12. [PMID: 29587879 PMCID: PMC5870391 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent in vitro pilot investigation reported Rituximab significantly reduced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in healthy donors. Chronic fatigue syndrome/Myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a debilitating disorder of unknown etiology. A consistent finding is a significant reduction in NK cell cytotoxicity. Rituximab has been reported having questionable potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of CFS/ME, however, the potential effects of Rituximab on NK cell cytotoxicity in CFS/ME patients are yet to be determined. METHODS A total of eight CFS/ME patients (48.63 ± 15.69 years) and nine non-fatigued controls (NFC) (37.56 ± 11.06 years) were included using the Fukuda case definition. Apoptotic function, lytic proteins and degranulation markers were measured on isolated NK cells using flow cytometry following overnight incubation with Rituximab at 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in NK cell lysis between CFS/ME patients and NFC following incubation with Rituximab at 100 μg/ml at 12.5:1 and 6.25:1 effecter-target (E:T) ratios (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference for NFC following incubation with Rituximab at 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. There was no significant difference between CFS/ME patients and NFC for granzyme A and granzyme B prior to incubation with Rituximab and following overnight incubation with Rituximab at 10 μg/ml. There was a significant decrease in granzyme B in CFS/ME patients compared to NFC with 100 μg/ml of Rituximab prior to K562 cells stimulation (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in CD107a (p < 0.05) and CD107b expression (p < 0.01) in NFC after stimulation with K562 cells prior to incubation with Rituximab. There was a significant increase in CD107b expression between CFS/ME patients and NFC prior to incubation with Rituximab and without stimulation of K562 cells (p < 0.01). Importantly, there was a significant increase in CD107b following overnight incubation with 100 μg/ml of Rituximab in NFC prior to K562 cells stimulation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study reports significant decreases in NK cell lysis and a significant increase in NK cell degranulation following Rituximab incubation in vitro in CFS/ME patients, suggesting Rituximab may be toxic for NK cells. Caution should be observed in clinical trials until further investigations in a safe and controlled in vitro setting are completed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Caronni N, Simoncello F, Stafetta F, Guarnaccia C, Ruiz-Moreno JS, Opitz B, Galli T, Proux-Gillardeaux V, Benvenuti F. Downregulation of Membrane Trafficking Proteins and Lactate Conditioning Determine Loss of Dendritic Cell Function in Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1685-1699. [PMID: 29363545 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Restoring antigen presentation for efficient and durable activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses is pivotal to immunotherapy, yet the mechanisms that cause subversion of dendritic cell (DC) functions are not entirely understood, limiting the development of targeted approaches. In this study, we show that bona fide DCs resident in lung tumor tissues or DCs exposed to factors derived from whole lung tumors become refractory to endosomal and cytosolic sensor stimulation and fail to secrete IL12 and IFNI. Tumor-conditioned DC exhibited downregulation of the SNARE VAMP3, a regulator of endosomes trafficking critical for cross-presentation of tumor antigens and DC-mediated tumor rejection. Dissection of cell-extrinsic suppressive pathways identified lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment as sufficient to inhibit type-I IFN downstream of TLR3 and STING. DC conditioning by lactate also impacted adaptive function, accelerating antigen degradation and impairing cross-presentation. Importantly, DCs conditioned by lactate failed to prime antitumor responses in vivo These findings provide a new mechanistic viewpoint to the concept of DC suppression and hold potential for future therapeutic approaches.Significance: These findings provide insight into the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms that cause loss of presentation of tumor-specific antigens in lung cancer tissues. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1685-99. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Caronni
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Stafetta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Juan Sebastian Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thierry Galli
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Proux-Gillardeaux
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Membrane Traffic in Health and Disease, INSERM ERL U950, Paris, France
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sarkar S, Sabhachandani P, Ravi D, Potdar S, Purvey S, Beheshti A, Evens AM, Konry T. Dynamic Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Response at Single-Cell Resolution in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1736. [PMID: 29312292 PMCID: PMC5735063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer cells. The susceptibility of target cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity depends on the strength and balance of regulatory (activating/inhibitory) ligands expressed on target cell surface. We performed gene expression arrays to determine patterns of NK cell ligands associated with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (b-NHL). Microarray analyses revealed significant upregulation of a multitude of NK-activating and costimulatory ligands across varied b-NHL cell lines and primary lymphoma cells, including ULBP1, CD72, CD48, and SLAMF6. To correlate genetic signatures with functional anti-lymphoma activity, we developed a dynamic and quantitative cytotoxicity assay in an integrated microfluidic droplet generation and docking array. Individual NK cells and target lymphoma cells were co-encapsulated in picoliter-volume droplets to facilitate monitoring of transient cellular interactions and NK cell effector outcomes at single-cell level. We identified significant variability in NK-lymphoma cell contact duration, frequency, and subsequent cytolysis. Death of lymphoma cells undergoing single contact with NK cells occurred faster than cells that made multiple short contacts. NK cells also killed target cells in droplets via contact-independent mechanisms that partially relied on calcium-dependent processes and perforin secretion, but not on cytokines (interferon-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α). We extended this technique to characterize functional heterogeneity in cytolysis of primary cells from b-NHL patients. Tumor cells from two diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients showed similar contact durations with NK cells; primary Burkitt lymphoma cells made longer contacts and were lysed at later times. We also tested the cytotoxic efficacy of NK-92, a continuously growing NK cell line being investigated as an antitumor therapy, using our droplet-based bioassay. NK-92 cells were found to be more efficient in killing b-NHL cells compared with primary NK cells, requiring shorter contacts for faster killing activity. Taken together, our combined genetic and microfluidic analysis demonstrate b-NHL cell sensitivity to NK cell-based cytotoxicity, which was associated with significant heterogeneity in the dynamic interaction at single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pooja Sabhachandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sayalee Potdar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sneha Purvey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|