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Okuma K, Oku T, Sasaki C, Kitagori K, Mimori T, Aramori I, Hirayama Y, Yoshifuji H. Similarity and difference between systemic lupus erythematosus and NZB/W F1 mice by multi-omics analysis. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:359-368. [PMID: 36869711 DOI: 10.1093/mr/road024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several animal disease models have been used to understand the mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the translation of findings from animals to humans has not been sufficiently examined in drug development. To confirm the validity of New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZB/W) F1 mice as an SLE model, we extensively characterized SLE patients and NZB/W F1 mice by omics analysis. METHODS Peripheral blood from patients and mice and spleen and lymph node tissue from mice were analysed using cell subset analysis, cytokine panel assays, and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS CD4+ effector memory T cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells were increased in both SLE patients and NZB/W F1 mice. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon gamma induced protein-10, and B cell activating factor in plasma were significantly higher in SLE patients and NZB/W F1 mice than in their corresponding controls. Transcriptome analysis revealed an upregulation of genes involved in the interferon signalling pathway and T-cell exhaustion signalling pathway in both SLE patients and the mouse model. In contrast, death receptor signalling genes showed changes in the opposite direction between patients and mice. CONCLUSION NZB/W F1 mice are a generally suitable model of SLE for analysing the pathophysiology and treatment response of T/B cells and monocytes/macrophages and their secreted cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Okuma
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuma Oku
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Sasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Kitagori
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Aramori
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirayama
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Kliem CV, Schaub B. The role of regulatory B cells in immune regulation and childhood allergic asthma. Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:1. [PMID: 38172451 PMCID: PMC10764675 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most common chronic disease in childhood, asthma displays a major public health problem worldwide with the incidence of those affected rising. As there is currently no cure for allergic asthma, it is mandatory to get a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism. MAIN BODY By producing IgE antibodies upon allergen contact, B cells play a pivotal role in allergic asthma. Besides that, IL-10-secreting B cell subsets, namely regulatory B cells (Bregs), are reported in mice and humans to play a role in allergic asthma. In humans, several Breg subsets with distinct phenotypic and functional properties are identified among B cells at different maturational and differentiation stages that exert anti-inflammatory functions by expressing several suppressor molecules. Emerging research has focused on the role of Bregs in allergic asthma as well as their role for future diagnostic and preventive strategies. CONCLUSION Knowledge about the exact function of human Bregs in allergic asthma is still very limited. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on Bregs. We discuss different human Breg subsets, several ways of Breg induction as well as the mechanisms through which they exert immunoregulatory functions, and their role in (childhood) allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vanessa Kliem
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children´S Hospital, University Hospital, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children´S Hospital, University Hospital, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, LMU, Munich, Germany.
- Member of German Center for Lung Research - DZL, LMU, Munich, Germany.
- Member of German Center for Child and Adolescent Health-DZKJ, LMU, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Daamen AR, Alajoleen RM, Grammer AC, Luo XM, Lipsky PE. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals the heterogeneity of IL-10 producing regulatory B cells in lupus-prone mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282770. [PMID: 38155972 PMCID: PMC10752970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction B cells can have both pathogenic and protective roles in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Deficiencies in the number or immunosuppressive function of IL-10 producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) can cause exacerbated autoimmune inflammation. However, the exact role of Bregs in lupus pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Methods We carried out gene expression analysis by scRNA-seq to characterize differences in splenic Breg subsets and molecular profiles through stages of disease progression in lupus-prone mice. Transcriptome-based changes in Bregs from mice with active disease were confirmed by phenotypic analysis. Results We found that a loss of marginal zone (MZ) lineage Bregs, an increase in plasmablast/plasma cell (PB-PC) lineage Bregs, and overall increases in inflammatory gene signatures were characteristic of active disease as compared to Bregs from the pre-disease stage. However, the frequencies of both MZ Bregs and PB-PCs expressing IL-10 were significantly decreased in active-disease mice. Conclusion Overall, we have identified changes to the repertoire and transcriptional landscape of Breg subsets associated with active disease that provide insights into the role of Bregs in lupus pathogenesis. These results could inform the design of Breg-targeted therapies and interventions to restore Breg suppressive function in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Daamen
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Razan M. Alajoleen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Amrie C. Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Peter E. Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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4
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Abid N, Manaye S, Naushad H, Cheran K, Murthy C, Bornemann EA, Kamma HK, Alabbas M, Elashahab M. The Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab and Belimumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40719. [PMID: 37485087 PMCID: PMC10360028 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a vital role of B cells in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Belimumab (Bel), an inhibitor of B cell activating factor (BAFF), and Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody targeting Cd20 antigen, have been used to manage systemic lupus. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated these two agents' clinical efficacy and safety in different manifestations of SLE. This study aims to review the randomized control trials involving these two agents systematically and to explain if any disparity is noticed in the primary and secondary outcomes between these two agents. This study is done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After applying the inclusion criteria and quality assessment by independent reviewers and co-authors, relevant papers were identified, and data were extracted. The results have shown that RCTs involving Belimumab achieved primary endpoints; however, targeted endpoints were not achieved in studies involving Rituximab. It is concluded that despite the conflicting results obtained in clinical trials, both are effective in systemic lupus, as indicated in real-world clinical experience. However, better-designed multicenter studies evaluating these B-cell-targeting drugs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Abid
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal University College of Medicine, Al-Ahsa, SAU
- Internal Medicine / Rheumatology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Sara Manaye
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hamzah Naushad
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Kaaviya Cheran
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chinmayee Murthy
- Internal Medicine, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, IND
| | - Elisa A Bornemann
- Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Latina de Panama, Panama City, PAN
| | - Hari Krishna Kamma
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammad Alabbas
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HUN
| | - Mohammed Elashahab
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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5
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Capriello S, Ferrari SM, Gatto I, Santaguida MG, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Mangino G, Romeo G, Virili C, Centanni M. Regulatory B Cells in Systemic Sclerosis Isolated or Concomitant With Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921260. [PMID: 35874691 PMCID: PMC9296862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which gastrointestinal disorders represent a complication in up to 90% of patients. SSc may associate with thyroid autoimmune disorders, with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) being the more prevalent worldwide. Previous studies have examined the behavior of Th17 lymphocytes and Breg cells in patients with HT and concomitant autoimmune organ-specific disorders. These immune phenotypes seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both these autoimmune processes, but their behavior when these two disorders coexist has not been described. We analyzed Th17 and Breg (CD24hiCD38hi) cell subsets in 50 subjects (45F/5M; median age = 49 years): 18 were healthy donors (HD), 20 had isolated HT, and 12 had SSc, seven of whom had both HT and SSc. Breg cells’ function was also evaluated by measuring their IL-10 production when stimulated by specific activators. An increased percentage of Th17 lymphocytes characterized HT patients as compared to both HD and the whole group of SSc patients (p = 0.0018). On the contrary, the percentage of unstimulated Breg cells in SSc patients was higher (p = 0.0260), either associated or not with HT, as compared to both HT patients and HD, which, instead, showed a similar percentage of Breg cells. Following a specific stimulation with CpG, the percentages of Breg cells were increased in the whole sample of SSc patients (p < 0.001) as well as in isolated SSc and in SSc+HT ones as compared to isolated HT. However, qualitative analysis, obtained through the detection of the IL-10-producing phenotype, revealed that the percentage of CpG-stimulated CD24hiCD38hi-IL10+cells was significantly decreased in SSc patients (p < 0.0001) with no difference between isolated SSc and SSc+HT patients. The IL-10-producing phenotype was instead slightly increased in HT patients as compared to HD (4.1% vs. 2.8%). The presence of SSc seems to be characterized by an enrichment of total Breg cells but by a reduced Breg IL-10-producing phenotype, representing functional Bregs. This last finding was entirely due to the presence of SSc independently from the association with HT. This behavior is different from the ones described about the association of HT with organ-specific autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Capriello
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Ilenia Gatto
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Immunology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Immunology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, ‘‘Sapienza’’ University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Endocrine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Latina, Latina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Centanni,
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6
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Younes ST, Showmaker K, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Ryan MJ. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals ferritin as a key mediator of autoimmune pre-disposition in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24245. [PMID: 34930978 PMCID: PMC8688484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating autoimmune disorder characterized by failure of self-tolerance with resultant production of autoreactive antibodies. The etiology of this syndrome is complex, involving perturbations in immune cell signaling and development. The NZBWF1 mouse spontaneously develops a lupus-like syndrome and has been widely used as a model of SLE for over 60 years. The NZBWF1 model represents the F1 generation of a cross between New Zealand Black (NZB) and New Zealand White (NZW) mice. In order to better understand the factors that contribute to the development of autoimmunity, single cell RNA sequencing was conducted using the bone marrow from female NZBWF1 mice prior to the development of overt disease. The results were contrasted with single cell RNA sequencing results from the two parental strains. The expected findings of B cell abundance and upregulation, and evidence of interferon signaling were validated in this model. In addition, several novel areas of inquiry were identified. Most notably, the data showed a marked upregulation of the ferritin light chain across all cell types in the NZBWF1 mice compared to parental controls. This data can serve as a gene expression atlas of all hematopoietic cells in the NZBWF1 bone marrow prior to the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt Showmaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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7
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Tousif S, Wang Y, Jackson J, Hough KP, Strenkowski JG, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, McCusker RH, Ponnazhagan S, Deshane JS. Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase Promotes Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Differentiation Of Regulatory B Cells in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747780. [PMID: 34867973 PMCID: PMC8640488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are IL-10 producing subsets of B cells that contribute to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Breg are elevated in patients with lung cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying Breg development and their function in lung cancer have not been adequately elucidated. Herein, we report a novel role for Indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO), a metabolic enzyme that degrades tryptophan (Trp) and the Trp metabolite L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) in the regulation of Breg differentiation in the lung TME. Using a syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer, we report that Breg frequencies significantly increased during tumor progression in the lung TME and secondary lymphoid organs, while Breg were reduced in tumor-bearing IDO deficient mice (IDO-/-). Trp metabolite L-Kyn promoted Breg differentiation in-vitro in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), toll-like receptor-4-myeloid differentiation primary response 88, (TLR4-MyD88) dependent manner. Importantly, using mouse models with conditional deletion of IDO in myeloid-lineage cells, we identified a significant role for immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-associated IDO in modulating in-vivo and ex-vivo differentiation of Breg. Our studies thus identify Trp metabolism as a therapeutic target to modulate regulatory B cell function during lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Tousif
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joshua Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth P Hough
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John G Strenkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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8
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Chun W, Tian J, Zhang Y. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus and upregulates B10 cells through TGF-β1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:512. [PMID: 34563233 PMCID: PMC8466915 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable experimental and clinical evidences have proved that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation was powerful in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment. MSCs could upregulate regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the mice model of the other immune disease. However, the regulation of MSCs on Bregs in SLE environment remains unclear. METHODS To assess the abilities of UC-MSCs to treat SLE, MSCs were transferred intravenously to 17- to 18-week-old MRL/lpr mice. Four weeks later, mice were sacrificed. Survival rates, anti-dsDNA antibodies and renal histology were evaluated. CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subgroups and interleukin (IL)-10+ Bregs (B10) in the spleen were quantitated by flow cytometry. The changes of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, IL-6 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxyenase (IDO) mRNAs expressed by MSCs after co-cultured with B cells were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MSCs were infected by lentivirus carrying TGF-β1 shRNAs, then MSCs with low expression of TGF-β1 were conducted for co-culture in vitro and transplantation experiments in vivo. RESULTS UC-MSCs transplantation could efficiently downregulate 24 h proteinuria and anti-dsDNA antibodies, correct Treg/Th17/Th1 imbalances and increase the frequency of B10 cells. The expression of TGF-β1 in MSCs was significantly increased after co-culture with B cells. Downregulation of TGF-β1 in MSCs could significantly attenuate the upregulation of B10 by MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of TGF-β1 also compromised the immunomodulation effects of MSCs on Th17 and Treg cells and the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS UC-MSCs could protect against SLE in mice and upregulate IL-10+ Bregs via TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jilai Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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9
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Werner A, Schäfer S, Zaytseva O, Albert H, Lux A, Krištić J, Pezer M, Lauc G, Winkler T, Nimmerjahn F. Targeting B cells in the pre-phase of systemic autoimmunity globally interferes with autoimmune pathology. iScience 2021; 24:103076. [PMID: 34585117 PMCID: PMC8455742 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ damage. While a variety of therapeutic interventions are available, it has become clear that an early diagnosis and treatment may be key to achieve long lasting therapeutic responses and to limit irreversible organ damage. Loss of humoral tolerance including the appearance of self-reactive antibodies can be detected years before the actual onset of the clinical autoimmune disease, representing a potential early point of intervention. Not much is known, however, about how and to what extent this pre-phase of disease impacts the onset and development of subsequent autoimmunity. By targeting the B cell compartment in the pre-disease phase of a spontaneous mouse model of SLE we now show, that resetting the humoral immune system during the clinically unapparent phase of the disease globally alters immune homeostasis delaying the downstream development of systemic autoimmunity. The clinically unapparent pre-phase of SLE impacts clinical disease Autoreactive IgM antibodies represent a biomarker for early therapeutic intervention Pre-phase B cells orchestrate clinical disease Depleting pre-phase B cells diminishes disease pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Schäfer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Zaytseva
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heike Albert
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasminka Krištić
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pezer
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd, Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erwin-Rommelstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Ben Nasr M, Usuelli V, Seelam AJ, D'Addio F, Abdi R, Markmann JF, Fiorina P. Regulatory B Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1117-1125. [PMID: 33685919 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since they were discovered almost three decades ago, a subset of B cells denoted as regulatory B cells (Bregs) have elicited interest throughout the immunology community. Many investigators have sought to characterize their phenotype and to understand their function and immunosuppressive mechanisms. Indeed, studies in murine models have demonstrated that Bregs possess varied phenotypic markers and could be classified into different subsets whose action and pivotal role depend on the pathological condition or stimuli. Similar conclusions were drawn in clinical settings delineating an analogous Breg population phenotypically resembling the murine Bregs that ultimately may be associated with a state of tolerance. Recent studies suggested that Bregs may play a role in the onset of autoimmune diabetes. This review will focus on deciphering the different subclasses of Bregs, their emerging role in autoimmune diabetes, and their potential use as a cell-based therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moufida Ben Nasr
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Nephrology Division, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; .,International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco," University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
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11
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Targeting immunosuppressor cells with nanoparticles in autoimmunity: How far have we come to? Cell Immunol 2021; 368:104412. [PMID: 34340162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is the assault of immune response towards self-antigens, resulting to inflammation and tissue injury. It is staged into three phases and caused by malfunction of immune tolerance. In our body, immune tolerance is synchronized by several immunosuppressor cells such as regulatory T cells and B cells as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are prominently dysregulated in autoimmunity. Hence, targeting these cell populations serve as a significant potential in the therapy of autoimmunity. Nanotechnology with its advantageous properties is shown to be a remarkable tool as drug delivery system in this field. This review focused on the development of therapeutics in autoimmune diseases utilizing various nanoparticles formulation based on two targeting approaches in autoimmunity, passive and active targeting. Lastly, this review outlined the approved present nanomedicines as well as in clinical evaluations and issues regarding the lack of translation of these nanomedicines into the market, despite the abundant of positive experimental observations.
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12
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Kim J, Islam SMT, Qiao F, Singh AK, Khan M, Won J, Singh I. Regulation of B cell functions by S-nitrosoglutathione in the EAE model. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102053. [PMID: 34175668 PMCID: PMC8246645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play both protective and pathogenic roles in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases by releasing regulatory vs. pathogenic cytokines. B cell-depleting therapy has been attempted in various autoimmune diseases but its efficacy varies and can even worsen symptoms due to depletion of B cells releasing regulatory cytokines along with B cells releasing pathogenic cytokines. Here, we report that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and GSNO-reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor N6022 drive upregulation of regulatory cytokine (IL-10) and downregulation of pathogenic effector cytokine (IL-6) in B cells and protected against the neuroinflammatory disease of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In human and mouse B cells, the GSNO/N6022-mediated regulation of IL-10 vs. IL-6 was not limited to regulatory B cells but also to a broad range of B cell subsets and antibody-secreting cells. Adoptive transfer of B cells from N6022 treated EAE mice or EAE mice deficient in the GSNOR gene also regulated T cell balance (Treg > Th17) and reduced clinical disease in the recipient EAE mice. The data presented here provide evidence of the role of GSNO in shifting B cell immune balance (IL-10 > IL-6) and the preclinical relevance of N6022, a first-in-class drug targeting GSNOR with proven human safety, as therapeutics for autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis. GSNO and GSNOR inhibitor (N6022) upregulates IL-10 and downregulates IL-6 in B cells. GSNO/N6022-mediated cytokine regulation occurs in a broad range of B cell subsets. GSNO/N6022 treatment ameliorates autoimmune disease of EAE. B cell transfer from N6022-treated or GSNOR null EAE mice to EAE mice shifts T cell balance (Treg > Th17) and alleviates EAE. The data provide the first insight into the therapeutic potential of GSNO/N6022 targeting B cells in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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13
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Fortea-Gordo P, Villalba A, Nuño L, Santos-Bórnez MJ, Peiteado D, Monjo I, Puig-Kröger A, Sánchez-Mateos P, Martín-Mola E, Balsa A, Miranda-Carús ME. Circulating CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells as biomarkers of response to methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3081-3091. [PMID: 32417912 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The protagonism of regulatory B cells seems to vary along the course of the disease in murine models of inflammatory conditions. Decreased numbers of circulating regulatory CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional (cTr) B cells have been described in patients with long-standing RA, thus our objective was to examine the frequency and evolution of cTr B cells in the peripheral blood of early RA (ERA) patients. METHODS Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 48 steroid- and DMARD-naïve ERA patients with a disease duration of <24 weeks and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by flow cytometry. Co-cultures of isolated memory B cells were established with autologous T cells in the absence or presence of Tr B cells. RESULTS As compared with HCs, ERA patients demonstrated an increased frequency of cTr B cells. cTr B cells of ERA patients and HCs displayed an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and were able to downregulate T cell IFN-γ and IL-21 production, together with ACPA secretion in autologous B/T cell co-cultures. Basal frequencies of cTr B cells above the median value observed in HCs were associated with a good EULAR response to MTX at 12 months [relative risk 2.91 (95% CI 1.37, 6.47)]. A significant reduction of cTr B cells was observed 12 months after initiating MTX, when the cTr B cell frequency was no longer elevated but decreased, and this was independent of the degree of clinical response or the intake of prednisone. CONCLUSION An increased frequency of regulatory cTr B cells is apparent in untreated ERA and the baseline cTr B cell frequency is associated with the clinical response to MTX at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Nuño
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz
| | | | - Diana Peiteado
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz
| | - Irene Monjo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz
| | - Amaya Puig-Kröger
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Balsa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPaz
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14
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Varrica C, Dias HS, Reis C, Carvalheiro M, Simões S. Targeted delivery in scleroderma fibrosis. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102730. [PMID: 33338593 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is considered one of the most challenging and difficult to treat among rheumatic disorders, due to its severity, multiorgan manifestation and different outcomes. It manifests fibrosis in different organs, mostly in skin and lungs. The skin fibrosis expression is considered the first sign of the disease and usually it is followed by internal organ fibrosis. An aberrant immune system activation seems to relate to the expression of the disease, but even environmental influences and dysregulation of many molecules signalling pathways are involved in the development of the disease. Current therapies are limited and characterized by multiple side effects: systemic route is the elective administration route, which decreases patient adherence to the therapy, as they are often already bothered by pain and disfigurement. Treatments available are organ-based, originally indicated for other conditions and there is no therapy available to reduce the fibroblast population size within existing fibrotic lesions. Disease-modifying therapies or immunomodulatory agents that are highly effective in other rheumatic diseases have shown disappointing results in SSc. There are thus no standardized and effective treatments for this disease, and there are even unanswered questions related to the insurgence of the pathology and all the mechanisms involved. An ideal approach could be considered "targeted therapy" that will be an increasingly attainable objective insofar as our understanding of the disease improves. The advantages in identifying the molecule and the signalling pathways involved in the pathology have helped to find some novel compounds for the therapy of scleroderma fibrosis or following innovative uses for already-approved drugs, corroborated by many clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Varrica
- University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova, 65, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Helena Sofia Dias
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; IBEB, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Carvalheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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15
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Mu Q, Edwards MR, Swartwout BK, Cabana Puig X, Mao J, Zhu J, Grieco J, Cecere TE, Prakash M, Reilly CM, Puglisi C, Bachali P, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE, Luo XM. Gut Microbiota and Bacterial DNA Suppress Autoimmunity by Stimulating Regulatory B Cells in a Murine Model of Lupus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593353. [PMID: 33240280 PMCID: PMC7683516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, are characterized by excessive inflammation in response to self-antigens. Loss of appropriate immunoregulatory mechanisms contribute to disease exacerbation. We previously showed the suppressive effect of vancomycin treatment during the "active-disease" stage of lupus. In this study, we sought to understand the effect of the same treatment given before disease onset. To develop a model in which to test the regulatory role of the gut microbiota in modifying autoimmunity, we treated lupus-prone mice with vancomycin in the period before disease development (3-8 weeks of age). We found that administration of vancomycin to female MRL/lpr mice early, only during the pre-disease period but not from 3 to 15 weeks of age, led to disease exacerbation. Early vancomycin administration also reduced splenic regulatory B (Breg) cell numbers, as well as reduced circulating IL-10 and IL-35 in 8-week old mice. Further, we found that during the pre-disease period, administration of activated IL-10 producing Breg cells to mice treated with vancomycin suppressed lupus initiation, and that bacterial DNA from the gut microbiota was an inducer of Breg function. Oral gavage of bacterial DNA to mice treated with vancomycin increased Breg cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node at 8 weeks of age and reduced autoimmune disease severity at 15 weeks. This work suggests that a form of oral tolerance induced by bacterial DNA-mediated expansion of Breg cells suppress disease onset in the autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mouse model. Future studies are warranted to further define the mechanism behind bacterial DNA promoting Breg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Mu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michael R. Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brianna K. Swartwout
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Xavier Cabana Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jiangdi Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joe Grieco
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Meeta Prakash
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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16
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Horii M, Matsushita T. Regulatory B cells and T cell Regulation in Cancer. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166685. [PMID: 33096106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent researches shed light on B cell role on various autoimmune diseases, including autoantibody-mediated diseases as well as T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. B cells play a critical role in the immune response beyond the production of antibodies through mechanisms such as antigen presentation and cytokine production. Furthermore, B cells have recently been recognized to play a role in promoting tumor immunity against cancer. However, not all B cells positively regulate immune responses. Regulatory B cells negatively regulate immune responses by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor-beta. Thus, a balance between effector and regulatory B cells regulates the immune response through the release of cytokines. In this review, we highlight the main emerging roles of B cells in tumor immunity with a focus on the T cell response. These findings can guide a protocol for selectively depleting regulatory B cells as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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17
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Yang SR, Hsu WH, Wu CY, Shang HS, Liu FC, Chen A, Hua KF, Ka SM. Accelerated, severe lupus nephritis benefits from treatment with honokiol by immunoregulation and differentially regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuin 1/autophagy axis. FASEB J 2020; 34:13284-13299. [PMID: 32813287 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001326r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using honokiol (HNK), a major anti-inflammatory bioactive compound in Magnolia officinalis, we show a potent therapeutic outcome against an accelerated, severe form of lupus nephritis (ASLN). The latter may follow infectious insults that act as environmental triggers in the patients. In the current study, an ASLN model in NZB/W F1 mice was treated with HNK by daily gavage after onset of the disease. We show that HNK ameliorated the ASLN by improving renal function, albuminuria, and renal pathology, especially reducing cellular crescents, neutrophil influx, fibrinoid necrosis in glomeruli, and glomerulonephritis activity scores. Meanwhile, HNK differentially regulated T cell functions, reduced serum anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the mice. The latter involved: (a) suppressed production of reactive oxygen species and NF-κB activation-mediated priming signal of the inflammasome, (b) reduced mitochondrial damage, and (c) enhanced sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/autophagy axis activation. In conclusion, HNK represents a new drug candidate for acute, severe episodes of LN capable of alleviating renal lesions in ASLN mice by negatively regulating T cell functions and by enhancing SIRT1/autophagy axis-lessened NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ruen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Han Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Wise LM, Stohl W. Belimumab and Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Tale of Two B Cell-Targeting Agents. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:303. [PMID: 32695790 PMCID: PMC7338653 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the centrality of B cells to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it stands to reason that a candidate therapeutic agent that targets B cells could be efficacious. Both rituximab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to CD20 on the surface of B cells, and belimumab, a mAb that binds and neutralizes the B cell survival factor BAFF, have been extensively studied for the treatment of SLE. Despite the greater ability of rituximab to deplete B cells than that of belimumab, randomized controlled trials of rituximab in SLE failed to reach their primary clinical endpoints, whereas the primary clinical endpoints were reached in four independent phase-III clinical trials of belimumab in SLE. Accordingly, belimumab has been approved for treatment of SLE, whereas use of rituximab in SLE remains off-label. Nevertheless, several case series of rituximab have pointed to some utility for rituximab in treating SLE. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the factors that led to belimumab's success in SLE as well an analysis of the elements that may have contributed to the lack of success seen in the rituximab randomized controlled trials in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M Wise
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Stohl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Griss J, Bauer W, Wagner C, Simon M, Chen M, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, Maurer-Granofszky M, Roka F, Penz T, Bock C, Zhang G, Herlyn M, Glatz K, Läubli H, Mertz KD, Petzelbauer P, Wiesner T, Hartl M, Pickl WF, Somasundaram R, Steinberger P, Wagner SN. B cells sustain inflammation and predict response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4186. [PMID: 31519915 PMCID: PMC6744450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated inflammation predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Current theories on regulation of inflammation center on anti-tumor T cell responses. Here we show that tumor associated B cells are vital to melanoma associated inflammation. Human B cells express pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and differentiate into plasmablast-like cells when exposed to autologous melanoma secretomes in vitro. This plasmablast-like phenotype can be reconciled in human melanomas where plasmablast-like cells also express T cell-recruiting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, CCL5. Depletion of B cells in melanoma patients by anti-CD20 immunotherapy decreases tumor associated inflammation and CD8+ T cell numbers. Plasmablast-like cells also increase PD-1+ T cell activation through anti-PD-1 blockade in vitro and their frequency in pretherapy melanomas predicts response and survival to immune checkpoint blockade. Tumor associated B cells therefore orchestrate and sustain melanoma inflammation and may represent a predictor for survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SD Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Minyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Maurer-Granofszky
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Roka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4265, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery & The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4265, USA
| | - Katharina Glatz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, 4410, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Division of Cellular Immunology and Immunohematology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajasekharan Somasundaram
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4265, USA
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan N Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Lin TJ, Wu CY, Tsai PY, Hsu WH, Hua KF, Chu CL, Lee YC, Chen A, Lee SL, Lin YJ, Hsieh CY, Yang SR, Liu FC, Ka SM. Accelerated and Severe Lupus Nephritis Benefits From M1, an Active Metabolite of Ginsenoside, by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome and T Cell Functions in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1951. [PMID: 31475012 PMCID: PMC6702666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines used in combination have long-term been shown to be mild remedies with “integrated effects.” However, our study provides the first demonstration that M1, an active metabolite of ginsenoside, exerted its dramatic therapeutic effects on accelerated and severe lupus nephritis (ASLN) mice, featuring acute renal function impairment, heavy proteinuria, high serum levels of anti-dsDNA, and high-grade, diffuse proliferative renal lesions. In the present study, NZB/WF1 mice were given injections of lipopolysaccharide to induce the ASLN model. M1 (30 mg/kg) was then administered to the mice by gavage daily, and the mice were sacrificed on week 3 and week 5 after the induction of disease. To identify the potential mechanism of action for the pure compound, levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), podocytes and macrophages, and antigen-specific T cell activation in BMDCs were determined in addition to mechanistic experiments in vivo. Treatment with M1 dramatically improved renal function, albuminuria and renal lesions and reduced serum levels of anti-dsDNA in the ASLN mice. These beneficial effects with M1 treatment involved the following cellular and molecular mechanistic events: [1] inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome associated with autophagy induction, [2] modulation of T help cell activation, and [3] induction of regulatory T cell differentiation. M1 improved the ASLN mice by blunting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and differentially regulating T cell functions, and the results support M1 as a new therapeutic candidate for LN patients with a status of abrupt transformation of lower-grade (mesangial) to higher-grade (diffuse proliferative) nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Han Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry, R.O.C. Military Academy, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jin Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ruen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Getahun A, Cambier JC. Non-Antibody-Secreting Functions of B Cells and Their Contribution to Autoimmune Disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:337-356. [PMID: 30883216 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
B cells play multiple important roles in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease. Beyond producing pathogenic autoantibodies, B cells can act as antigen-presenting cells and producers of cytokines, including both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here we review our current understanding of the non-antibody-secreting roles that B cells may play during development of autoimmunity, as learned primarily from reductionist preclinical models. Attention is also given to concepts emerging from clinical studies using B cell depletion therapy, which shed light on the roles of these mechanisms in human autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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22
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Sanchez LR, Godoy GJ, Gorosito Serrán M, Breser ML, Fiocca Vernengo F, Engel P, Motrich RD, Gruppi A, Rivero VE. IL-10 Producing B Cells Dampen Protective T Cell Response and Allow Chlamydia muridarum Infection of the Male Genital Tract. Front Immunol 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 30881362 PMCID: PMC6405527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of individuals develop chronic, persistent and recurrent genital tract infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, which has been attributed to the numerous strategies that the bacterium uses to subvert host immune responses. Animal chlamydia models have demonstrated that protective immune response is mediated by CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses. Herein, we demonstrate that early after infecting the male genital tract, C. muridarum triggers the production of IL-10 by splenic and lymph node cells. In addition, C. muridarum triggers IL-6 and TNFα secretion. Data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed B cells as the major IL-10 contributors. Indeed, purified B cells produced high amounts of IL-10 and also exhibited enhanced expression of inhibitory molecules such as CD39, PD-L1 and PD1 after C. muridarum stimulation. In vitro experiments performed with sorted cell subsets revealed that Marginal Zone B cells were the main IL-10 producers. In vitro and in vivo studies using TLR-deficient mice indicated that TLR4 signaling pathway was essential for IL-10 production. In addition, in vivo treatments to neutralize IL-10 or deplete B cells indicated that IL-10 and B cells played a significant role in delaying bacterial clearance ability. Moreover, the latter was confirmed by adoptive cell transfer experiments in which the absence of IL-10-producing B cells conferred the host a greater capability to induce Th1 responses and clear the infection. Interestingly, NOD mice, which were the least efficient in clearing the infection, presented much more Marginal Zone B counts and also enhanced TLR4 expression on Marginal Zone B cells when compared to B6 and BALB/c mice. Besides, treatment with antibodies that selectively deplete Marginal Zone B cells rendered mice more capable of inducing enhanced IFNγ responses and clearing the infection. Our findings suggest that B cells play a detrimental role in C. muridarum infection and that activation by innate receptors like TLR4 and IL-10 production by these cells could be used by Chlamydia spp. as a strategy to modulate the immune response establishing chronic infections in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria J Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Gorosito Serrán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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23
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Matsushita T. Regulatory and effector B cells: Friends or foes? J Dermatol Sci 2019; 93:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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The Role of CD38 on the Function of Regulatory B Cells in a Murine Model of Lupus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102906. [PMID: 30257456 PMCID: PMC6213330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work from our group has shown that Cd38-/- mice develop a milder pristane-induced lupus disease than WT or Art2-/- counterparts, demonstrating a new role for CD38 in promoting aberrant inflammation and lupus-like autoimmunity via a Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2)-dependent apoptosis-driven mechanism. In this study we asked whether CD38 may play a role in the expression and function of regulatory B cells (IL-10-producing B cells or B10 cells). In pristane-treated mice the frequency of spleen CD19⁺CD1dhiCD5⁺ B cells, which are highly enriched in B10 cells, was significantly increased in Cd38-/- splenocytes compared to WT, while the frequency of peritoneal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are major type I Interferon (IFN) producers, was greatly diminished. The low proportion of pDCs correlated with lower amounts of IFN-α in the peritoneal lavage fluids of the Cd38-/- mice than of WT and Art2-/- mice. Functional ex vivo assays showed increased frequencies of IL-10-producing B cells in Cd38-/- splenocytes than in WT upon stimulation with an agonist anti-CD40 mAb. Overall these results strongly suggest that Cd38-/- mice are better suited than WT mice to generate and expand regulatory B10 cells following the appropriate stimulation.
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25
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Ezekian B, Schroder PM, Freischlag K, Yoon J, Kwun J, Knechtle SJ. Contemporary Strategies and Barriers to Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2018; 102:1213-1222. [PMID: 29757903 PMCID: PMC6059978 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss immunologic tolerance as it applies to solid organ transplantation and to identify barriers that hinder the achievement of this long-term goal. First, the definition of tolerance and an introduction of mechanisms by which tolerance exists or can be achieved will be discussed. Next, a review of contemporary attempts at achieving transplant tolerance will be described. Finally, a discussion of the humoral barriers to transplantation tolerance and potential ways to overcome these barriers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ezekian
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Paul M. Schroder
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Kyle Freischlag
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Janghoon Yoon
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Stuart J. Knechtle
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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26
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Matsushita T, Kobayashi T, Mizumaki K, Kano M, Sawada T, Tennichi M, Okamura A, Hamaguchi Y, Iwakura Y, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Takehara K. BAFF inhibition attenuates fibrosis in scleroderma by modulating the regulatory and effector B cell balance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaas9944. [PMID: 30009261 PMCID: PMC6040844 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by skin and lung fibrosis. More than 90% of patients with SSc are positive for autoantibodies. In addition, serum B cell activating factor (BAFF) level is correlated with SSc severity and activity. Thus, B cells are considered to play a pathogenic role in SSc. However, there are two opposing subsets: regulatory B cells (Bregs) and effector B cells (Beffs). Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Bregs negatively regulate the immune response, while IL-6-producing Beffs positively regulate it. Therefore, a protocol that selectively depletes Beffs would represent a potent therapy for SSc. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of Bregs and Beffs in SSc and to provide a scientific basis for developing a new treatment strategy targeting B cells. A bleomycin-induced scleroderma model was induced in mice with a B cell-specific deficiency in IL-6 or IL-10. We also examined whether BAFF regulates cytokine-producing B cells and its effects on the scleroderma model. IL-6-producing Beffs increased in number and infiltrated the inflamed skin in the scleroderma model. The skin and lung fibrosis was attenuated in B cell-specific IL-6-deficient mice, whereas B cell-specific IL-10-deficient mice showed more severe fibrosis. In addition, BAFF increased Beffs but suppressed Bregs. Furthermore, BAFF antagonist attenuated skin and lung fibrosis in the scleroderma model with reduction of Beffs but not of Bregs. The current study indicates that Beffs play a pathogenic role in the scleroderma model, while Bregs play a protective role. BAFF inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for SSc via alteration of B cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tadahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kie Mizumaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miyu Kano
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Momoko Tennichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ai Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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27
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Yu J, Duong VHH, Westphal K, Westphal A, Suwandi A, Grassl GA, Brand K, Chan AC, Föger N, Lee KH. Surface receptor Toso controls B cell-mediated regulation of T cell immunity. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1820-1836. [PMID: 29461978 DOI: 10.1172/jci97280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is tightly controlled by regulatory processes that allow for the elimination of invading pathogens, while limiting immunopathological damage to the host. In the present study, we found that conditional deletion of the cell surface receptor Toso on B cells unexpectedly resulted in impaired proinflammatory T cell responses, which led to impaired immune protection in an acute viral infection model and was associated with reduced immunopathological tissue damage in a chronic inflammatory context. Toso exhibited its B cell-inherent immunoregulatory function by negatively controlling the pool of IL-10-competent B1 and B2 B cells, which were characterized by a high degree of self-reactivity and were shown to mediate immunosuppressive activity on inflammatory T cell responses in vivo. Our results indicate that Toso is involved in the differentiation/maintenance of regulatory B cells by fine-tuning B cell receptor activation thresholds. Furthermore, we showed that during influenza A-induced pulmonary inflammation, the application of Toso-specific antibodies selectively induced IL-10-competent B cells at the site of inflammation and resulted in decreased proinflammatory cytokine production by lung T cells. These findings suggest that Toso may serve as a novel therapeutic target to dampen pathogenic T cell responses via the modulation of IL-10-competent regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Yu
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | | | - Katrin Westphal
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andrew C Chan
- Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Niko Föger
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
| | - Kyeong-Hee Lee
- Inflammation Research Group.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, and
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28
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Seifert HA, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Regulatory B cells in experimental stroke. Immunology 2018; 154:169-177. [PMID: 29313944 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for human stroke are limited mainly to the modestly effective infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), with additional improvement of functional independence and higher rates of angiographic revascularization observed after mechanical thrombectomy. However, new therapeutic strategies that address post-stroke immune-mediated inflammatory responses are urgently needed. Recent studies in experimental stroke have firmly implicated immune mechanisms in the propagation and partial resolution of central nervous system damage after the ischaemic event. A new-found anti-inflammatory role for regulatory B (Breg) cells in autoimmune diseases sparked interest in these cells as potential immunomodulators in stroke. Subsequent studies identified interleukin-10 as a common regulatory cytokine among all five of the currently recognized Breg cell subsets, several of which can be found in the affected brain hemisphere after induction of experimental stroke in mice. Transfer of enriched Breg cell subpopulations into both B-cell-depleted and wild-type mice confirmed their potent immunosuppressive activities in vivo, including recruitment and potentiation of regulatory T cells. Moreover, Breg cell therapy strongly reduced stroke volumes and treatment outcomes in ischaemic mice even when administered 24 hr after induction of experimental stroke, a treatment window far exceeding that of tPA. These striking results suggest that transfer of enriched Breg cell populations could have therapeutic value in human stroke, although considerable clinical challenges remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Seifert
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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29
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Haas KM, Johnson KL, Phipps JP, Do C. CD22 Promotes B-1b Cell Responses to T Cell-Independent Type 2 Antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1671-1681. [PMID: 29374074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CD22 (Siglec-2) is a critical regulator of B cell activation and survival. CD22-/- mice generate significantly impaired Ab responses to T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) Ags, including haptenated Ficoll and pneumococcal polysaccharides, Ags that elicit poor T cell help and activate BCR signaling via multivalent epitope crosslinking. This has been proposed to be due to impaired marginal zone (MZ) B cell development/maintenance in CD22-/- mice. However, mice expressing a mutant form of CD22 unable to bind sialic acid ligands generated normal TI-2 Ab responses, despite significantly reduced MZ B cells. Moreover, mice treated with CD22 ligand-binding blocking mAbs, which deplete MZ B cells, had little effect on TI-2 Ab responses. We therefore investigated the effects of CD22 deficiency on B-1b cells, an innate-like B cell population that plays a key role in TI-2 Ab responses. B-1b cells from CD22-/- mice had impaired BCR-induced proliferation and significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration responses following BCR crosslinking. Ag-specific B-1b cell expansion and plasmablast differentiation following TI-2 Ag immunization was significantly impaired in CD22-/- mice, consistent with reduced TI-2 Ab responses. We generated CD22-/- mice with reduced CD19 levels (CD22-/-CD19+/-) to test the hypothesis that augmented B-1b cell BCR signaling in CD22-/- mice contributes to impaired TI-2 Ab responses. BCR-induced proliferation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration responses were normalized in CD22-/-CD19+/- B-1b cells. Consistent with this, TI-2 Ag-specific B-1b cell expansion, plasmablast differentiation, survival, and Ab responses were rescued in CD22-/-CD19+/- mice. Thus, CD22 plays a critical role in regulating TI-2 Ab responses through regulating B-1b cell signaling thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kristen L Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - James P Phipps
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Cardinal Do
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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30
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Tan AHM, Sanny A, Ng SW, Ho YS, Basri N, Lee AP, Lam KP. Excessive interferon-α signaling in autoimmunity alters glycosphingolipid processing in B cells. J Autoimmun 2017; 89:53-62. [PMID: 29191573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive interferon-α (IFN-α) production by innate immune cells is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. What other cell type secretes IFN-α and how IFN-α affects immune cell metabolism and homeostasis in autoimmunity are largely unclear. Here, we report that autoimmune B cells, arising from two different B cell-specific genetic lesions in mice, secrete IFN-α. In addition, IFN-α, found in abundance in autoimmunity, elicited profound changes in the B cell lipidome, increasing their expression of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and leading to their CD1d-mediated depletion of iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo. IFN-α receptor blockade could reverse the loss of iNKT cells. Excessive stimulation of B cells with IFN-α altered the expression of enzymes that catalyze critical steps in GSL processing, increasing the expressions of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and globotrihexosylceramide synthase (Gb3S) but decreasing that of α-galactosidase A (α-galA). Inhibiting GCS or restoring α-galA expression prevented iNKT depletion by IFN-α-activated B cells. Taken together, our work indicated that excessive IFN-α perturbs GSL metabolism in B cells which in turn adversely affects iNKT homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
| | - Arleen Sanny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Sze-Wai Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Ying-Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Nurhidayah Basri
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Alison Ping Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11799, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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31
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Marchev AS, Dimitrova PA, Burns AJ, Kostov RV, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Georgiev MI. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis: can NRF2 counteract these partners in crime? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1401:114-135. [PMID: 28662306 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint degenerative disease associated with pain, joint deformity, and disability. The disease starts with cartilage damage but then progressively involves subchondral bone, causing an imbalance between osteoclast-driven bone resorption and osteoblast-driven remodeling. Here, we summarize the data for the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in OA pathology and discuss how these two processes are integrated during OA progression, as well as their contribution to abnormalities in cartilage/bone metabolism and integrity. At the cellular level, oxidative stress and inflammation are counteracted by transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid p45-related factor 2 (NRF2), and we describe the regulation of NRF2, highlighting its role in OA pathology. We also discuss the beneficial effect of some phytonutrients, including the therapeutic potential of NRF2 activation, in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Marchev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petya A Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrew J Burns
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rumen V Kostov
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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32
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Chong AS, Khiew SH. Transplantation tolerance: don't forget about the B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:171-180. [PMID: 28100001 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a state of transplantation tolerance that leads to indefinite graft survival without the need for lifelong immunosuppression has been achieved successfully in limited numbers of transplant recipients in the clinic. These successes led to studies aimed at identifying potential biomarkers that diagnose allograft tolerance and identify the patients most amenable to drug minimization, and implicated an enriched B cell signature of tolerance. The emergence of a specialized subset of regulatory B cell (Bregs ), that possess immune-modulatory function in inflammation and autoimmune disease, raised the possibility that Bregs play critical roles in the promotion of transplantation tolerance and that Bregs are the underlying explanation for the B cell signature of tolerance. However, B cells are best known to play a key role in humoral immunity, and excessive production of donor specific antibodies has clear deleterious effects in transplantation. Thus, for tolerance to be persistent, alloantibody responses must also be curtailed, either through the suppression of T cell help or the induction of B cell-intrinsic dysfunction. Recent findings indicate a unique subset of follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) that can suppress B cell function and induce epigenetic modifications that result in sustained defects in B cell differentiation and function. In this review, we summarize studies in animals and humans that suggest roles for Bregs and dysfunctional B cells in transplantation tolerance, and discuss how these insights may provide a roadmap for new approaches to diagnose, and new therapies to induce allograft tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Chong
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S H Khiew
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chi HH, Hua KF, Lin YC, Chu CL, Hsieh CY, Hsu YJ, Ka SM, Tsai YL, Liu FC, Chen A. IL-36 Signaling Facilitates Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-23/IL-17 Axis in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2022-2037. [PMID: 28179433 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016080840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines are proinflammatory and have an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, but the role of IL-36 signaling in renal tubulointerstitial lesions (TILs), a major prognostic feature of renal inflammation and fibrosis, remains undetermined. In this study, increased IL-36α expression detected in renal biopsy specimens and urine samples from patients with renal TILs correlated with renal function impairment. We confirmed the increased expression of IL-36α in the renal tubular epithelial cells of a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and related cell models using mechanically induced pressure, oxidative stress, or high mobility group box 1. In contrast, the kidneys of IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) knockout mice exhibit attenuated TILs after UUO. Compared with UUO-treated wild-type mice, UUO-treated IL-36 knockout mice exhibited markedly reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage/T cell infiltration in the kidney and T cell activation in the renal draining lymph nodes. In vitro, recombinant IL-36α facilitated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and enhanced dendritic cell-induced T cell proliferation and Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, deficiency of IL-23, which was diminished in IL-36R knockout UUO mice, also reduced renal TIL formation in UUO mice. In wild-type mice, administration of an IL-36R antagonist after UUO reproduced the results obtained in UUO-treated IL-36R knockout mice. We propose that IL-36 signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of renal TILs through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-23/IL-17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan; and
| | | | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan; and
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences and .,Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Xue D, Kaufman GN, Dembele M, Beland M, Massoud AH, Mindt BC, Fiter R, Fixman ED, Martin JG, Friedel RH, Divangahi M, Fritz JH, Mazer BD. Semaphorin 4C Protects against Allergic Inflammation: Requirement of Regulatory CD138+ Plasma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:71-81. [PMID: 27881703 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory properties of B cells have been studied in autoimmune diseases; however, their role in allergic diseases is poorly understood. We demonstrate that Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C), an axonal guidance molecule, plays a crucial role in B cell regulatory function. Mice deficient in Sema4C exhibited increased airway inflammation after allergen exposure, with massive eosinophilic lung infiltrates and increased Th2 cytokines. This phenotype was reproduced by mixed bone marrow chimeric mice with Sema4C deficient only in B cells, indicating that B lymphocytes were the key cells affected by the absence of Sema4C expression in allergic inflammation. We determined that Sema4C-deficient CD19+CD138+ cells exhibited decreased IL-10 and increased IL-4 expression in vivo and in vitro. Adoptive transfer of Sema4c-/- CD19+CD138+ cells induced marked pulmonary inflammation, eosinophilia, and increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-4 and IL-5, whereas adoptive transfer of wild-type CD19+CD138+IL-10+ cells dramatically decreased allergic airway inflammation in wild-type and Sema4c-/- mice. This study identifies a novel pathway by which Th2-mediated immune responses are regulated. It highlights the importance of plasma cells as regulatory cells in allergic inflammation and suggests that CD138+ B cells contribute to cytokine balance and are important for maintenance of immune homeostasis in allergic airways disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Sema4C is critical for optimal regulatory cytokine production in CD138+ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xue
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Gabriel N Kaufman
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marieme Dembele
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marianne Beland
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Amir H Massoud
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryan Fiter
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Fixman
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029; and
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; .,Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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Multiple Roles for B-Lymphocytes in Sjogren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5100087. [PMID: 27740602 PMCID: PMC5086589 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease resulting in loss of salivary gland and lacrimal gland function that may include multiple systemic manifestations including lymphoma. Multiple cell types participate in disease pathogenesis. This review discusses evidence for abnormal B cell subpopulations in patients with SS, critical roles of B cells in SS and the status of B cell–directed therapies in the management of patients with SS.
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36
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Application of nanoparticle technology in the treatment of Systemic lupus erythematous. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1154-1163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Gallagher S, Yusuf I, McCaughtry TM, Turman S, Sun H, Kolbeck R, Herbst R, Wang Y. MEDI-551 Treatment Effectively Depletes B Cells and Reduces Serum Titers of Autoantibodies in Mice Transgenic for Sle1 and Human CD19. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:965-76. [PMID: 26606525 DOI: 10.1002/art.39503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate treatment with MEDI-551, a humanized anti-human CD19 monoclonal antibody, in a model of autoimmunity involving mice transgenic (Tg) for Sle1 and human CD19 (hCD19). METHODS Sle1.hCD19-Tg mice were given either a single intravenous dose of MEDI-551 or repeated doses of MEDI-551 biweekly for up to 12 weeks. The numbers of B cells in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow were determined by flow cytometry assay. In the spleen and bone marrow, the number of IgM- and IgG-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and the number of ASCs specific for anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Serum autoantibody and total immunoglobulin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and levels of inflammatory proteins were tested using a multianalyte profiling platform. RESULTS MEDI-551 treatment of Sle1.hCD19-Tg mice resulted in effective and sustained B cell depletion throughout the duration of the experiment. The frequency of IgM and IgG ASCs in the spleen was reduced by ≥90%, whereas in the bone marrow, the total ASC frequency was not changed. Levels of autoantibodies specific for dsDNA as well as antihistone and antinuclear antibodies were each reduced by 40-80%, but total serum immunoglobulin levels were largely unchanged at the end of 12 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the ability of MEDI-551 to deplete B cells and ASCs in autoimmune Sle1.hCD19-Tg mice. MEDI-551 treatment resulted in a robust reduction of autoantibodies but had minimal effect on total serum immunoglobulins. Thus, the novel ability of MEDI-551 to remove a broad range of B cells as well as to lower most disease-driving autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease mouse model warrants continued research. Several clinical studies to explore the safety and activity of MEDI-551 in autoantibody-associated autoimmune diseases are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Sun
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | - Yue Wang
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Park MK, Jung YO, Lee SY, Lee SH, Heo YJ, Kim EK, Oh HJ, Moon YM, Son HJ, Park MJ, Park SH, Kim HY, La Cho M, Min JK. Amelioration of autoimmune arthritis by adoptive transfer of Foxp3-expressing regulatory B cells is associated with the Treg/Th17 cell balance. J Transl Med 2016; 14:191. [PMID: 27350539 PMCID: PMC4924280 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foxp3 is a key regulator of the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and its expression is thought to be T cell-restricted. We found that B cells in mice can express Foxp3 and B cells expressing Foxp3 may play a role in preventing the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. METHODS Foxp3 expression was modulated in CD19(+) B cells by transfection with shRNA or using an over-expression construct. In addition, Foxp3-transfected B cells were adoptively transferred to CIA mice. We found that LPS or anti-IgM stimulation induced Foxp3 expression in B cells. Foxp3-expressing B cells were found in the spleens of mice. RESULTS Over-expression of Foxp3 conferred a contact-dependent suppressive ability on proliferation of responder T cells. Down-regulation of Foxp3 by shRNA caused a profound induction in proliferation of responder T cells. Adoptive transfer of Foxp3(+)CD19(+) B cells attenuated the clinical symptoms of CIA significantly with concomitant suppression of IL-17 production and enhancement of Foxp3 expression in CD4(+) T cells from splenocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Foxp3 expression is not restricted to T cells. The expression of Foxp3 in B cells is critical for the immunoregulation of T cells and limits autoimmunity in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Young Ok Jung
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kang-Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Yu Jung Heo
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Hye Jwa Oh
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Young Mee Moon
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Son
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Park
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Youn Kim
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi La Cho
- />The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040 South Korea
| | - Jun Ki Min
- />Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-717 South Korea
- />Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Rheumatism Research Center (RhRC), Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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IL-10 Production Is Critical for Sustaining the Expansion of CD5+ B and NKT Cells and Restraining Autoantibody Production in Congenic Lupus-Prone Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150515. [PMID: 26964093 PMCID: PMC4786215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus is mediated by the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. To decipher the genetics that contribute to pathogenesis and the production of pathogenic autoantibodies, our lab has focused on the generation of congenic lupus-prone mice derived from the New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Previous work has shown that an NZB-derived chromosome 4 interval spanning 32 to 151 Mb led to expansion of CD5+ B and Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, and could suppress autoimmunity when crossed with a lupus-prone mouse strain. Subsequently, it was shown that CD5+ B cells but not NKT cells derived from these mice could suppress the development of pro-inflammatory T cells. In this paper, we aimed to further resolve the genetics that leads to expansion of these two innate-like populations through the creation of additional sub-congenic mice and to characterize the role of IL-10 in the suppression of autoimmunity through the generation of IL-10 knockout mice. We show that expansion of CD5+ B cells and NKT cells localizes to a chromosome 4 interval spanning 91 to 123 Mb, which is distinct from the region that mediates the majority of the suppressive phenotype. We also demonstrate that IL-10 is critical to restraining autoantibody production and surprisingly plays a vital role in supporting the expansion of innate-like populations.
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40
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Tang Y, Jiang Q, Ou Y, Zhang F, Qing K, Sun Y, Lu W, Zhu H, Gong F, Lei P, Shen G. BIP induces mice CD19 hi regulatory B cells producing IL-10 and highly expressing PD-L1, FasL. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Al-Chami E, Tormo A, Khodayarian F, Rafei M. Therapeutic utility of the newly discovered properties of interleukin-21. Cytokine 2015; 82:33-7. [PMID: 26748727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2000, interleukin-21 (IL-21) has been shown to display a broad spectrum of pleiotropic actions including the regulation of development, differentiation and function of lymphoid-myeloid cells. More specifically, IL-21 modulates the effector functions of T, B and NK cells, which not only have key roles in antitumoral and antiviral immunity but also in exerting major effects on inflammatory responses promoting the development of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have unveiled an unexpected role for IL-21 in immune regulation and de novo T-cell development. While highlighting its critical role in immunity, this review will mainly focus on recent advances in IL-21 biology and how such newly discovered properties could potentially be exploited therapeutically in the establishment of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Al-Chami
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - A Tormo
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - F Khodayarian
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Durand J, Chiffoleau E. B cells with regulatory properties in transplantation tolerance. World J Transplant 2015; 5:196-208. [PMID: 26722647 PMCID: PMC4689930 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v5.i4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of tolerance remains a major goal in transplantation. Indeed, despite potent immunosuppression, chronic rejection is still a real problem in transplantation. The humoral response is an important mediator of chronic rejection, and numerous strategies have been developed to target either B cells or plasma cells. However, the use of anti-CD20 therapy has highlighted the beneficial role of subpopulation of B cells, termed regulatory B cells. These cells have been characterized mainly in mice models of auto-immune diseases but emerging literature suggests their role in graft tolerance in transplantation. Regulatory B cells seem to be induced following inflammation to restrain excessive response. Different phenotypes of regulatory B cells have been described and are functional at various differentiation steps from immature to plasma cells. These cells act by multiple mechanisms such as secretion of immuno-suppressive cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-35, cytotoxicity, expression of inhibitory receptors or by secretion of non-inflammatory antibodies. Better characterization of the development, phenotype and mode of action of these cells seems urgent to develop novel approaches to manipulate the different B cell subsets and the response to the graft in a clinical setting.
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Citral alleviates an accelerated and severe lupus nephritis model by inhibiting the activation signal of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhancing Nrf2 activation. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:331. [PMID: 26584539 PMCID: PMC4653837 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mononuclear leukocyte infiltration in the kidney have been shown to provoke the acceleration and deterioration of LN, such as accelerated and severe LN (ASLN). Development of a novel therapeutic remedy based on these molecular events to prevent the progression of the disease is clinically warranted. METHODS Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), a major active compound in a Chinese herbal medicine Litsea cubeba, was used to test its renoprotective effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse ASLN model by examining NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ROS and COX-2 production as well as Nrf2 activation. The analysis of mechanisms of action of Citral also involved its effects on IL-1β secretion and signaling pathways of NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-primed peritoneal macrophages or J774A macrophages. RESULTS Attenuated proteinuria, renal function impairment, and renal histopathology, the latter including intrinsic cell proliferation, cellular crescents, neutrophil influx, fibrinoid necrosis in the glomerulus, and peri-glomerular infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes as well as glomerulonephritis activity score were observed in Citral-treated ASLN mice. In addition, Citral inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and levels of ROS, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47(phox), or COX-2, and it enhanced the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In LPS-primed macrophages, Citral reduced ATP-induced IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation, but did not affect LPS-induced NLRP3 protein expression. CONCLUSION Our data show that Citral alleviates the mouse ASLN model by inhibition of the activation signal, but not the priming signal, of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced activation of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling.
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Wei Y, Zheng D, Li X, Zhou W, Qian Y, Ming C, Shi B. Infusion of dendritic cells carrying donor lymphocytes treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A light induces CD19+ IL-10+ regulatory B cells and promotes skin allograft survival. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:3641-6. [PMID: 25498103 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PUVA-SP DCs are immature dendritic cells (imDCs) that have taken up donor splenic lymphocytes treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A light (PUVA-SPs). Phagocytosis of donor PUVA-SPs does not stimulate phenotype maturation of recipient imDCs, and infusion of PUVA-SP DCs can induce CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). However, the regulatory effect of PUVA-SP DCs on B cells is poorly understood. In this study, we compared PUVA-SP DCs with imDCs in terms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsiveness and flow cytometric analysis of interleukin (IL) 10 expression in splenic CD19(+)B cells. Our results demonstrate that PUVA-SP DCs can suppress subsequent LPS-induced DC maturation and that infusion of PUVA-SP DCs, in the absence of an immunosuppressant, significantly promotes skin allograft survival. This effect was associated with up-regulation of circulating regulatory B cells exhibiting preferential IL-10 secretion. Our results suggest that effective treatments involving infusion of PUVA-SP DCs is likely related to the modulation not only of T-cell and Treg functions but also of B-cell and regulatory B-cell (Breg) functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Zheng
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W Zhou
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qian
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Ming
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Shi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, 309th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Jacob CO, Yu N, Sindhava V, Cancro MP, Pawar RD, Putterman C, Stohl W. Differential Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in NZM 2328 Mice Deficient in Discrete Pairs of BAFF Receptors. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2523-35. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaim O. Jacob
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | - Ning Yu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | | - William Stohl
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles
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Gray M, Gray D. Regulatory B cells mediate tolerance to apoptotic self in health: implications for disease. Int Immunol 2015; 27:505-11. [PMID: 26306497 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are able to regulate immune responses through the secretion of IL-10 and other inhibitory cytokines, though no transcription factor that can define 'regulatory B cells' as a separate lineage has yet been found. Instead it is likely that this function arises as a result of the immune context in which B cells find themselves and the stimuli they perceive. However, some B cells found within the B1a and the marginal zone subsets have a greater propensity to produce IL-10 than others. What are the natural stimuli for these cells to induce immune regulation? We discuss the role that the recognition of autoantigens exposed by apoptotic cells plays in stimulating IL-10 production in mouse and human studies. This mechanism involves the recognition and uptake of self-antigens by autoreactive BCRs, for delivery to endocytic compartments, where apoptosis-derived DNA binds to TLR9, driving IL-10 production. These 'natural' regulatory B cells represent a way of maintaining tolerance to self. We discuss how this may operate in inflammatory lesions where there is an excess of apoptotic leukocytes and how this impacts on our understanding of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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47
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Bortezomib Plus Continuous B Cell Depletion Results in Sustained Plasma Cell Depletion and Amelioration of Lupus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135081. [PMID: 26252021 PMCID: PMC4529137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) are an unmet therapeutic challenge, and developing strategies for their targeting is an emerging goal of autoantibody-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was previously shown that plasma cells can be depleted by agents such as bortezomib (Bz) or by blocking LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. However, they regenerate quickly after depletion due to B cell hyperactivity in autoimmune conditions. Therefore, we compared different therapies for the elimination of LLPCs combined with selective B-cell targeting in order to identify the most effective treatment to eliminate LLPCs and prevent their regeneration in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice.
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48
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Lykken JM, Candando KM, Tedder TF. Regulatory B10 cell development and function. Int Immunol 2015; 27:471-7. [PMID: 26254185 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are known to instigate and promulgate immune responses by producing antibodies and presenting antigens to T cells. However, a rare but potent B-cell subset in both humans and mice is capable of inhibiting immune responses through the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Regulatory B cells do not express any unique combination of surface markers but instead represent a small population of B cells that have acquired the unique ability to produce IL-10. This numerically rare B-cell subset is therefore functionally referred to as 'B10 cells' to reflect both their molecular program and the fact that their anti-inflammatory effects in models of autoimmunity, infection and cancer are solely attributable to IL-10 production. As with most B cells, B10 cell development and function appear to be predominantly, if not exclusively, driven by antigen-receptor signals. Once generated, B10 cells respond to both innate and adaptive immune signals, with a requirement for antigen-specific local interactions with T cells to induce IL-10 production and to provide optimal immune suppression in mouse models of autoimmune disease. B10 cells therefore provide an antigen-specific mechanism for delivering IL-10 locally to sites of immune activation and inflammation. The ability of B10 cells to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses makes them an ideal therapeutic target for the treatment of many immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Lykken
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kathleen M Candando
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas F Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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49
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Li J, Shen C, Liu Y, Li Y, Sun L, Jiao L, Jiao W, Xiao J, Shen C, Qi H, Xu F, Ma L. Impaired Function of CD5+CD19+CD1dhi B10 Cells on IgE Secretion in an Atopic Dermatitis-Like Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132173. [PMID: 26244559 PMCID: PMC4526574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory pruritic skin disease in which the pathogenic mechanism is complicated and not completely understood. Reports on the role of regulated cells in AD have recently evolved to regulate B cells, which may play a role in allergic inflammation as well. In the present study, we examined the frequency and regulatory function of CD5+CD19+CD1dhi B10 cells in an AD-like mouse model. Our results showed that the percentage of CD5+CD19+CD1dhi B10 cells increased while the frequency of IL-10-producing B cells in CD19+B cells decreased in the mice of AD group. Moreover, no difference in the percentage of B10pro+B10 cells was observed between the AD and control groups. Strikingly, B10 cells from control mice effectively inhibited IgE secretion, whereas the suppressive function of B10 cells from the AD mice was significantly decreased, which was similar to that observed in the group without B10. Altogether, these results suggest that the number of IL-10-producing B cells decreased in the AD group and these cells showed a defective regulatory function on IgE secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chunping Shen
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Weiwei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lin Ma
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Suppression of autoimmunity by CD5(+) IL-10-producing B cells in lupus-prone mice. Genes Immun 2015; 16:311-20. [PMID: 25973757 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of pathogenic anti-nuclear antibodies. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that the introgression of a New Zealand Black-derived chromosome 4 interval onto a lupus-prone background suppresses the disease. Interestingly, the same genetic interval promoted the expansion of both Natural Killer T- and CD5(+) B cells in suppressed mice. In this study, we show that ablation of NKT cells with a CD1d knockout had no impact on either the suppression of lupus or the expansion of CD5(+) B cells. On the other hand, suppressed mice had an expanded population of IL-10-producing B cells that predominantly localized to the CD5(+)CD1d(low) compartment. The expansion of CD5(+) B cells negatively correlated with the frequency of pro-inflammatory IL-17 A-producing T-cells and kidney damage. Adoptive transfer with a single injection of total B cells with an enriched CD5(+) compartment reduced the frequency of memory/activated, IFNγ-producing, and IL-17 A-producing CD4 T-cells but did not significantly reduce autoantibody levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the expansion of CD5(+) IL-10-producing B cells and not NKT cells protects against lupus in these mice, by limiting the expansion of pro-inflammatory IL-17 A- and IFNγ-producing CD4 T-cells.
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