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Fu C, Wang J, Ma T, Yin C, Zhou L, Clausen BE, Mi QS, Jiang A. GSK-3β in Dendritic Cells Exerts Opposite Functions in Regulating Cross-Priming and Memory CD8 T Cell Responses Independent of β-Catenin. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1037. [PMID: 39340067 PMCID: PMC11436163 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
GSK-3β plays a critical role in regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and manipulating GSK-3β in dendritic cells (DCs) has been shown to improve the antitumor efficacy of DC vaccines. Since the inhibition of GSK-3β leads to the activation of β-catenin, we hypothesize that blocking GSK-3β in DCs negatively regulates DC-mediated CD8 T cell immunity and antitumor immunity. Using CD11c-GSK-3β-/- conditional knockout mice in which GSK-3β is genetically deleted in CD11c-expressing DCs, we surprisingly found that the deletion of GSK-3β in DCs resulted in increased antitumor immunity, which contradicted our initial expectation of reduced antitumor immunity due to the presumed upregulation of β-catenin in DCs. Indeed, we found by both Western blot and flow cytometry that the deletion of GSK-3β in DCs did not lead to augmented expression of β-catenin protein, suggesting that GSK-3β exerts its function independent of β-catenin. Supporting this notion, our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that GSK-3β-deficient DCs exhibited distinct gene expression patterns with minimally overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to DCs with activated β-catenin. This suggests that the deletion of GSK-3β in DCs is unlikely to lead to upregulation of β-catenin at the transcriptional level. Consistent with enhanced antitumor immunity, we also found that CD11c-GSK-3β-/- mice exhibited significantly augmented cross-priming of antigen-specific CD8 T cells following DC-targeted vaccines. We further found that the deletion of GSK-3β in DCs completely abrogated memory CD8 T cell responses, suggesting that GSK-3β in DCs also plays a negative role in regulating the differentiation and/or maintenance of memory CD8 T cells. scRNA-seq analysis further revealed that although the deletion of GSK-3β in DCs positively regulated transcriptional programs for effector differentiation and function of primed antigen-specific CD8 T cells in CD11c-GSK-3β-/- mice during the priming phase, it resulted in significantly reduced antigen-specific memory CD8 T cells, consistent with diminished memory responses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that GSK-3β in DCs has opposite functions in regulating cross-priming and memory CD8 T cell responses, and GSK-3β exerts its functions independent of its regulation of β-catenin. These novel insights suggest that targeting GSK-3β in cancer immunotherapies must consider its dual role in CD8 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tianle Ma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Congcong Yin
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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2
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Cui Z, Weng B, Yao Y, Shao H, Ye J, Qin A, Qian K. Chicken Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Suppresses Innate Immune Responses and Enhances Avian Leukosis Virus Replication in DF-1 Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0523522. [PMID: 36995259 PMCID: PMC10269865 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05235-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a widely distributed multifunctional serine/threonine kinase. In mammals, GSK3β regulates important life activities such as proinflammatory response, anti-inflammatory response, immunity, and cancer development. However, the biological functions of chicken GSK3β (chGSK3β) are still unknown. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of chGSK3β was first cloned and analyzed. Absolute quantification of chicken chGSK3β in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free birds has shown that it is widely expressed in all tissues, with the highest level in brain and the lowest level in pancreas. Overexpression of chGSK3β in DF-1 cells significantly decreased the gene expression levels of interferon beta (IFN-β), IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), MX-1, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthase-like (OASL), while promoting the replication of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J). Conversely, levels of most of the genes detected in this study were increased when chGSK3β expression was knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA), which also inhibited the replication of ALV-J. These results suggest that chGSK3β plays an important role in the antiviral innate immune response in DF-1 cells, and it will be valuable to carry out further studies on the biological functions of chGSK3β. IMPORTANCE GSK3β regulates many life activities in mammals. Recent studies revealed that chGSK3β was involved in regulating antiviral innate immunity in DF-1 cells and also could positively regulate ALV-J replication. These results provide new insights into the biofunction of chGSK3β and the virus-host interactions of ALV-J. In addition, this study provides a basis for further research on the function of GSK3 in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhao Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Michée-Cospolite M, Boudigou M, Grasseau A, Simon Q, Mignen O, Pers JO, Cornec D, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators? Front Immunol 2022; 13:818814. [PMID: 35359922 PMCID: PMC8961445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to modulate the immune response. Although Bregs have been consistently described in the literature, only a few reports described the molecular aspects that control the acquisition of the regulatory function. In this manuscript, we detailed the latest reports describing the control of IL-10, TGFβ, and GZMB production in different Breg subsets at the molecular level. We focused on the understanding of the role of the transcription factors STAT3 and c-MAF in controlling IL-10 production in murine and human B cells and how these factors may represent an important crossroad of several key drivers of the Breg response. Finally, we provided original data supporting the evidence that MAF is expressed in human IL-10- producing plasmablast and could be induced in vitro following different stimulation cocktails. At steady state, we reported that MAF is expressed in specific human B-cell tonsillar subsets including the IgD+ CD27+ unswitched population, germinal center cells and plasmablast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
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4
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Fueyo-González F, McGinty M, Ningoo M, Anderson L, Cantarelli C, Andrea Angeletti, Demir M, Llaudó I, Purroy C, Marjanovic N, Heja D, Sealfon SC, Heeger PS, Cravedi P, Fribourg M. Interferon-β acts directly on T cells to prolong allograft survival by enhancing regulatory T cell induction through Foxp3 acetylation. Immunity 2022; 55:459-474.e7. [PMID: 35148827 PMCID: PMC8917088 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines with potent antiviral properties that also promote protective T cell and humoral immunity. Paradoxically, type I IFNs, including the widely expressed IFNβ, also have immunosuppressive properties, including promoting persistent viral infections and treating T-cell-driven, remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis. Although associative evidence suggests that IFNβ mediates these immunosuppressive effects by impacting regulatory T (Treg) cells, mechanistic links remain elusive. Here, we found that IFNβ enhanced graft survival in a Treg-cell-dependent murine transplant model. Genetic conditional deletion models revealed that the extended allograft survival was Treg cell-mediated and required IFNβ signaling on T cells. Using an in silico computational model and analysis of human immune cells, we found that IFNβ directly promoted Treg cell induction via STAT1- and P300-dependent Foxp3 acetylation. These findings identify a mechanistic connection between the immunosuppressive effects of IFNβ and Treg cells, with therapeutic implications for transplantation, autoimmunity, and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fueyo-González
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell McGinty
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mehek Ningoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Anderson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Markus Demir
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inés Llaudó
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Purroy
- Department of Nephrology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Nada Marjanovic
- Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - David Heja
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Fribourg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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5
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EMT and Inflammation: Crossroads in HCC. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:204-212. [PMID: 35020133 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is associated with several inflammatory mediators, since 90% of HCCs occur based on chronic hepatitis B or C, alcoholism or increasingly metabolic syndrome-associated inflammation. EMT is a physiological process, with coordinated changes in epithelial gene signatures and is regulated by multiple factors, including cytokines and growth factors such as TGFβ, EGF, and FGF. Recent reports propose a strong association between EMT and inflammation, which is also correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes. Cellular heterogeneity results collectively as an outcome of EMT, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment, and it plays a fundamental role in the progression, complexity of cancer, and chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight recent developments concerning the association of EMT and inflammation in the context of HCC progression. Identifying potential EMT-related biomarkers and understanding EMT regulatory molecules will likely contribute to promising developments in clinical practice and will be a valuable tool for predicting metastasis in general and specifically in HCC.
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6
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Mielle J, Morel J, ElHmioui J, Combe B, Macia L, Dardalhon V, Taylor N, Audo R, Daien C. Glutamine promotes the generation of B10 + cells via the mTOR/GSK3 pathway. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:418-430. [PMID: 34961940 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cell metabolism can shift the differentiation of immune cells towards a regulatory or inflammatory phenotype, thus opening up new therapeutic opportunities for immune-related diseases. Indeed, growing knowledge on T cell metabolism has revealed differences in the metabolic programs of suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) as compared to inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. In addition to Tregs, IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are crucial for maintaining tolerance, inhibiting inflammation and autoimmunity. Yet, the metabolic networks regulating diverse B lymphocyte responses are not well known. Here, we show that glutaminase blockade decreased downstream mTOR activation and attenuated IL-10 secretion. Direct suppression of mTOR activity by rapamycin selectively impaired IL-10 production by B cells whereas secretion was restored upon GSK3 inhibition. Mechanistically, we found mTORC1 activation leads to GSK3 inhibition, identifying a key signalling pathway regulating IL-10 secretion by B lymphocytes. Thus, our results identify glutaminolysis and the mTOR/GSK3 signalling axis, as critical regulators of the generation of IL-10 producing B cells with regulatory functions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mielle
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamila ElHmioui
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Combe
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel Audo
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Daien
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Montpellier, France
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7
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Johnson BM, Uchimura T, Gallovic MD, Thamilarasan M, Chou WC, Gibson SA, Deng M, Tam JW, Batty CJ, Williams J, Matsushima GK, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM, Markovic-Plese S, Ting JPY. STING Agonist Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Stimulating Type I IFN-Dependent and -Independent Immune-Regulatory Pathways. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2015-2028. [PMID: 33820855 PMCID: PMC8406342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cGAS-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway induces a powerful type I IFN (IFN-I) response and is a prime candidate for augmenting immunity in cancer immunotherapy and vaccines. IFN-I also has immune-regulatory functions manifested in several autoimmune diseases and is a first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, it is only moderately effective and can induce adverse effects and neutralizing Abs in recipients. Targeting cGAMP in autoimmunity is unexplored and represents a challenge because of the intracellular location of its receptor, STING. We used microparticle (MP)-encapsulated cGAMP to increase cellular delivery, achieve dose sparing, and reduce potential toxicity. In the C57BL/6 experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, cGAMP encapsulated in MPs (cGAMP MPs) administered therapeutically protected mice from EAE in a STING-dependent fashion, whereas soluble cGAMP was ineffective. Protection was also observed in a relapsing-remitting model. Importantly, cGAMP MPs protected against EAE at the peak of disease and were more effective than rIFN-β. Mechanistically, cGAMP MPs showed both IFN-I-dependent and -independent immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore, it induced the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-27 without requiring IFN-I. This augmented IL-10 expression through activated ERK and CREB. IL-27 and subsequent IL-10 were the most important cytokines to mitigate autoreactivity. Critically, cGAMP MPs promoted IFN-I as well as the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-27 and IL-10 in PBMCs from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unappreciated immune-regulatory effect of cGAMP that can be harnessed to restrain T cell autoreactivity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell-Derived Microparticles/immunology
- Cell-Derived Microparticles/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/agonists
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/immunology
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Johnson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Toru Uchimura
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Matthew D Gallovic
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Madhan Thamilarasan
- Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Meng Deng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jason W Tam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cole J Batty
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Glenn K Matsushima
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Silva Markovic-Plese
- Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC;
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Center for Translational Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
- Institute for Inflammatory Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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8
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Daïen C, Tan J, Audo R, Mielle J, Quek L, Krycer J, Angelatos A, Duraes M, Pinget G, Ni D, Robert R, Alam M, Amian M, Sierro F, Parmar A, Perkins G, Hoque S, Gosby A, Simpson S, Ribeiro R, Mackay C, Macia L. Gut-derived acetate promotes B10 cells with antiinflammatory effects. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144156. [PMID: 33729999 PMCID: PMC8119207 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance partly due to environmental factors. The short-chain fatty acid acetate, derived mostly from gut microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, promotes antiinflammatory Tregs and protects mice from type 1 diabetes, colitis, and allergies. Here, we show that the effects of acetate extend to another important immune subset involved in tolerance, the IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (B10 cells). Acetate directly promoted B10 cell differentiation from mouse B1a cells both in vivo and in vitro. These effects were linked to metabolic changes through the increased production of acetyl-coenzyme A, which fueled the TCA cycle and promoted posttranslational lysine acetylation. Acetate also promoted B10 cells from human blood cells through similar mechanisms. Finally, we identified that dietary fiber supplementation in healthy individuals was associated with increased blood-derived B10 cells. Direct delivery of acetate or indirect delivery via diets or bacteria that produce acetate might be a promising approach to restore B10 cells in noncommunicable diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acetates/blood
- Acetates/metabolism
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/therapy
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Dietary Fiber/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Interleukin-10
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Neutrophils/cytology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- C.I. Daïen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Audo
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - J. Mielle
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, UMR5535, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - L.E. Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and
| | - J.R. Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Angelatos
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Duraes
- Department of Gynecology, Montpellier Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - G. Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - M.J. Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M.C.B. Amian
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F. Sierro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Parmar
- Human Health, Nuclear Science & Technology and Landmark Infrastructure (NSTLI) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - G. Perkins
- Biosciences platform, NSTLI Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Hoque
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and
| | - A.K. Gosby
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S.J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R.V. Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - L. Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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9
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The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110874. [PMID: 33080467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to progressive neurological disability due to axonal deterioration. Although MS presents profound heterogeneity in the clinical course, its underlying central mechanism is active demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with inflammation. Multiple autoimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways are involved in the demyelination process of MS. Analysis of MS lesions has shown that inflammatory genes are upregulated. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and has important roles in many signaling cascades. GSK-3 is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems. GSK-3 modulates several biological processes through phosphorylation of protein kinases, including cell signaling, neuronal growth, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins, allowing adaptive changes in events such as cellular proliferation, migration, inflammation, and immunity. GSK-3 occurs in mammals in two isoforms GSK-3α and GSK-3β, both of which are common in the brain, although GSK-3α is found particularly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striated hippocampus and Purkinje cells, while GSK-3β is found in all brain regions. In patients with chronic progressive MS, expression of GSK-3β is elevated in several brain regions such as the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. GSK-3β inhibition may play a role in glial cell activation, reducing pathological pain induced by nerve injury by formalin injection. According to the role of GSK-3β in pathological conditions, the aim of this article is review of the role of GSK-3β in multiple sclerosis and inflammation of neurons.
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10
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A Single Nucleotide ADA Genetic Variant Is Associated to Central Inflammation and Clinical Presentation in MS: Implications for Cladribine Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101152. [PMID: 33007809 PMCID: PMC7601054 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), activated T and B lymphocytes and microglial cells release various proinflammatory cytokines, promoting neuroinflammation and negatively affecting the course of the disease. The immune response homeostasis is crucially regulated by the activity of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA), as evidenced in patients with genetic ADA deficiency and in those treated with cladribine tablets. We investigated in a group of patients with MS the associations of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADA gene with disease characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation. The SNP rs244072 of the ADA gene was determined in 561 patients with MS. Disease characteristics were assessed at the time of diagnosis; furthermore, in 258 patients, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules were measured in the CSF. We found a significant association between rs244072 and both clinical characteristics and central inflammation. In C-carriers, significantly enhanced disability and increased CSF levels of TNF, IL-5 and RANTES was observed. In addition, lower CSF levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were found. Finally, the presence of the C allele was associated with a tendency of increased lymphocyte count. In MS patients, ADA SNP rs244072 is associated with CSF inflammation and disability. The selective targeting of the ADA pathway through cladribine tablet therapy could be effective in MS by acting on a pathogenically relevant biological mechanism.
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11
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Nieto Moreno N, Villafañez F, Giono LE, Cuenca C, Soria G, Muñoz MJ, Kornblihtt AR. GSK-3 is an RNA polymerase II phospho-CTD kinase. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6068-6080. [PMID: 32374842 PMCID: PMC7293024 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that UV-induced DNA damage causes hyperphosphorylation of the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), inhibition of transcriptional elongation and changes in alternative splicing (AS) due to kinetic coupling between transcription and splicing. In an unbiased search for protein kinases involved in the AS response to DNA damage, we have identified glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) as an unforeseen participant. Unlike Cdk9 inhibition, GSK-3 inhibition only prevents CTD hyperphosphorylation triggered by UV but not basal phosphorylation. This effect is not due to differential degradation of the phospho-CTD isoforms and can be reproduced, at the AS level, by overexpression of a kinase-dead GSK-3 dominant negative mutant. GSK-3 inhibition abrogates both the reduction in RNAPII elongation and changes in AS elicited by UV. We show that GSK-3 phosphorylates the CTD in vitro, but preferentially when the substrate is previously phosphorylated, consistently with the requirement of a priming phosphorylation reported for GSK-3 efficacy. In line with a role for GSK-3 in the response to DNA damage, GSK-3 inhibition prevents UV-induced apoptosis. In summary, we uncover a novel role for a widely studied kinase in key steps of eukaryotic transcription and pre-mRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Nieto Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón IFIBYNE (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Villafañez
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana E Giono
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón IFIBYNE (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen Cuenca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón IFIBYNE (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón IFIBYNE (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, FCEN, UBA
| | - Alberto R Kornblihtt
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón IFIBYNE (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Dimou A, Syrigos KN. The Role of GSK3β in T Lymphocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1221. [PMID: 32850361 PMCID: PMC7396595 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy options for patients with cancer have emerged following decades of research on immune responses against tumors. Most treatments in this category harness T cells with specificity for tumor associated antigens, neoantigens, and cancer-testis antigens. GSK3β is a serine-threonine kinase with the highest number of substrates and multifaceted roles in cell function including immune cells. Importantly, inhibitors of GSK3β are available for clinical and research use. Here, we review the possible role of GSK3β in the immune tumor microenvironment, with goal to guide future research that tests GSK3β inhibition as an immunotherapy adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Dimou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Konstantinos N Syrigos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040820. [PMID: 32231133 PMCID: PMC7226814 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK3 has been implicated for years in the regulation of inflammation and addressed in a plethora of scientific reports using a variety of experimental (disease) models and approaches. However, the specific role of GSK3 in the inflammatory process is still not fully understood and controversially discussed. Following a detailed overview of structure, function, and various regulatory levels, this review focusses on the immunoregulatory functions of GSK3, including the current knowledge obtained from animal models. Its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles, bacterial/viral infections, and the modulation of associated pro-inflammatory transcriptional and signaling pathways is discussed. Moreover, GSK3 contributes to the resolution of inflammation on multiple levels, e.g., via the regulation of pro-resolving mediators, the clearance of apoptotic immune cells, and tissue repair processes. The influence of GSK3 on the development of different forms of stimulation tolerance is also addressed. Collectively, the role of GSK3 as a kinase balancing the initiation/perpetuation and the amelioration/resolution of inflammation is highlighted.
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14
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Ye X, Ong N, An H, Zheng Y. The Emerging Roles of NDR1/2 in Infection and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 32265942 PMCID: PMC7105721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) kinases NDR1 and NDR2 belong to the NDR/LATS (large tumor suppressor) subfamily in the Hippo signaling pathway. They are highly conserved from yeast to humans. It is well-known that NDR1/2 control important cellular processes, such as morphological changes, centrosome duplication, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Recent studies revealed that NDR1/2 also play important roles in the regulation of infection and inflammation. In this review, we summarized the roles of NDR1/2 in the modulation of inflammation induced by cytokines and innate immune response against the infection of bacteria and viruses, emphasizing on how NDR1/2 regulate signaling transduction through Hippo pathway-dependent and -independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ye
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naomi Ong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhang An
- Center for Translational Medicine, Clinical Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus Laminated Layer Inhibit CD40 Upregulation in Dendritic Cells by Interfering with Akt Activation. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00641-19. [PMID: 31570562 PMCID: PMC6867849 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00641-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock. This larva is protected by the millimeter-thick, mucin-based laminated layer (LL), from which materials have to be shed to allow parasite growth. We previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) respond to microscopic pieces of the mucin gel of the LL (pLL) with unconventional maturation phenotypes, in the absence or presence of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock. This larva is protected by the millimeter-thick, mucin-based laminated layer (LL), from which materials have to be shed to allow parasite growth. We previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) respond to microscopic pieces of the mucin gel of the LL (pLL) with unconventional maturation phenotypes, in the absence or presence of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also reported that the presence of pLL inhibited the activating phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) effector Akt induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-4. We now show that the inhibitory effect of pLL extends to LPS as a PI3K activator, and results in diminished phosphorylation of GSK3 downstream from Akt. Functionally, the inhibition of Akt and GSK3 phosphorylation are linked to the blunted upregulation of CD40, a major feature of the unconventional maturation phenotype. Paradoxically, all aspects of unconventional maturation induced by pLL depend on PI3K class I. Additional components of the phagocytic machinery are needed, but phagocytosis of pLL particles is not required. These observations hint at a DC response mechanism related to receptor-independent mechanisms proposed for certain crystalline and synthetic polymer-based particles; this would fit the previously reported lack of detection of molecular-level motifs necessary of the effects of pLL on DCs. Finally, we report that DCs exposed to pLL are able to condition DCs not exposed to the material so that these cannot upregulate CD40 in full in response to LPS.
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16
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Tian Y, Jennings J, Gong Y, Sang Y. Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110726. [PMID: 31726661 PMCID: PMC6920831 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a prevalent disease worldwide and has a multi-factorial etiology. Several viruses or virus-like agents including members of adenoviridae, herpesviridae, slow virus (prion), and hepatitides, have been associated with obesity; meanwhile obese patients are shown to be more susceptible to viral infections such as during influenza and dengue epidemics. We examined the co-factorial role of viral infections, particularly of the persistent cases, in synergy with high-fat diet in induction of obesity. Antiviral interferons (IFNs), as key immune regulators against viral infections and in autoimmunity, emerge to be a pivotal player in the regulation of adipogenesis. In this review, we examine the recent evidence indicating that gut microbiota uphold intrinsic IFN signaling, which is extensively involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the prolonged IFN responses during persistent viral infections and obesogenesis comprise reciprocal causality between virus susceptibility and obesity. Furthermore, some IFN subtypes have shown therapeutic potency in their anti-inflammation and anti-obesity activity.
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17
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Xu K, Xie X, Qi G, Weng P, Hu Z, Han K, Yuan H, Li Y, Ran X, Lin G, Hu C. Grass carp STK38 regulates IFN I expression by decreasing the phosphorylation level of GSK3β. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103410. [PMID: 31175887 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a member of NDR protein kinase family and a novel protein kinase of Hippo signal pathway, Serine/threonine kinase 38 (STK38) plays a very significant role in the innate immune. In mammals, STK38 performs its function by combining with GSK3β. Nowadays, there are few reports of STK38 in fish. In order to explain the function of fish STK38 in the innate immunity, we cloned the ORF of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) STK38 (CiSTK38) and the related kinase GSK3β (CiGSK3β). Phylogenetic trees revealed that CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β evolved closer kinship with sinocyclocheilus grahami STK38 and siniperca chuatsi GSK3β respectively. CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β can respond to the intradermal injection of poly (I:C) in grass carp different tissues and the transfection of poly I:C in CIK cells. Subcellular localization revealed the CiGSK3β were broadly distributed through the cytoplasm, whereas CiSTK38 were observed both in cytoplasm and nucleus. However, when they were co-transferred into cells, the two proteins were found to aggregate in the nucleus. GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that CiSTK38 can physically interact with CiGSK3β. Phos-tag PAGE illustrated CiSTK38 can decrease the phosphorylation and auto-phosphorylation level of CiGSK3β at Ser9 and at Tyr216. To investigate the functional correlation between CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β, we overexpressed CiSTK38 and CiGSK3β in CIK cells and found that they can up-regulate the expression of IFN I. In short, we demonstrated that CiSTK38 can confer CiGSK3β kinase activity by reducing its phosphorylation level. Result from this study strongly suggested that the anti-viral immune effects elicited by poly (I:C) in part were mediated through activation of CiGSK3β. The findings provided scientific basis for the anti-viral immune mechanism of STK38 and GSK3β in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaofen Xie
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Guoqin Qi
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Panwei Weng
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhizhen Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kun Han
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Huiwen Yuan
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yinping Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ran
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Gang Lin
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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18
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López González M, Oosterhoff D, Lindenberg JJ, Milenova I, Lougheed SM, Martiáñez T, Dekker H, Quixabeira DCA, Hangalapura B, Joore J, Piersma SR, Cervera-Carrascon V, Santos JM, Scheper RJ, Verheul HMW, Jiménez CR, Van De Ven R, Hemminki A, Van Beusechem VW, De Gruijl TD. Constitutively active GSK3β as a means to bolster dendritic cell functionality in the face of tumour-mediated immune suppression. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1631119. [PMID: 31646076 PMCID: PMC6791458 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1631119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with cancer, the functionality of Dendritic Cells (DC) is hampered by high levels of tumor-derived suppressive cytokines, which interfere with DC development and maturation. Poor DC development can limit the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and in vivo vaccination approaches. Interference in intracellular signaling cascades downstream from the receptors of major tumor-associated suppressive cytokines like IL-10 and IL-6, might improve DC development and activation, and thus enhance immunotherapy efficacy. We performed exploratory functional screens on arrays consisting of >1000 human kinase peptide substrates to identify pathways involved in DC development and its inhibition by IL-10 or IL-6. The resulting alterations in phosphorylation of the kinome substrate profile pointed to glycogen-synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) as a pivotal kinase in both DC development and suppression. GSK3β inhibition blocked human DC differentiation in vitro, which was accompanied by decreased levels of IL-12p70 secretion, and a reduced capacity for T cell priming. More importantly, adenoviral transduction of monocytes with a constitutively active form of GSK3β induced resistance to the suppressive effects of IL-10 and melanoma-derived supernatants alike, resulting in improved DC development, accompanied by up-regulation of co-stimulatory markers, an increase in CD83 expression levels in mature DC, and diminished release of IL-10. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated intratumoral manipulation of this pathway in an in vivo melanoma model resulted in DC activation and recruitment, and in improved immune surveillance and tumor control. We propose the induction of constitutive GSK3β activity as a novel therapeutic means to bolster DC functionality in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dinja Oosterhoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Lindenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioanna Milenova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinead M Lougheed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Martiáñez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Dekker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dafne Carolina Alves Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Basav Hangalapura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Joore
- PepScope B.V., VB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao Manuel Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jiménez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke Van De Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor W Van Beusechem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D De Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Jennings J, Sang Y. Porcine Interferon Complex and Co-Evolution with Increasing Viral Pressure after Domestication. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060555. [PMID: 31208045 PMCID: PMC6631851 DOI: 10.3390/v11060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consisting of nearly 60 functional genes, porcine interferon (IFN)-complex represents an evolutionary surge of IFN evolution in domestic ungulate species. To compare with humans and mice, each of these species contains about 20 IFN functional genes, which are better characterized using the conventional IFN-α/β subtypes as examples. Porcine IFN-complex thus represents an optimal model for studying IFN evolution that resulted from increasing viral pressure during domestication and industrialization. We hypothesize and justify that porcine IFN-complex may extend its functionality in antiviral and immunomodulatory activity due to its superior molecular diversity. Furthermore, these unconventional IFNs could even confer some functional and signaling novelty beyond that of the well-studied IFN-α/β subtypes. Investigations into porcine IFN-complex will further our understanding of IFN biology and promote IFN-based therapeutic designs to confront swine viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Jennings
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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20
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Oliveira IBN, Gomes RS, Gomides LF, Dos Santos JC, Carneiro MAD, Ribeiro-Dias F, Diniz DS. Interferon-Beta Treatment Differentially Alters TLR2 and TLR4-Dependent Cytokine Production in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:77-83. [PMID: 30897575 DOI: 10.1159/000495787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in cytokine production after pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and contribute to CNS damage in MS patients. Here, we evaluated the effects of interferon (IFN)-β treatment in TLR2 and TLR4-dependent cytokine production and mRNA expression in whole-blood cell cultures from MS patients. METHODS We evaluated cytokine production by ELISA from whole-blood cell culture supernatants and mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS In patients treated with IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production after exposure to TLR2 agonist (Pam3Cys) was lower than in healthy controls and untreated MS patients. However, IFN-β treatment had no significant effect on TNF-α production after TLR4 agonist (LPS) stimulation. On the other hand, interleukin (IL)-10 production was increased in TLR4- but not in TLR2-stimulated whole-blood cell culture from MS patients under IFN-β treatment when compared to the controls. No differences in TNF-α or IL-10 mRNA expression in PBMCs from healthy controls and untreated or treated MS patients were detected, although PBMCs from treated patients presented higher levels of IL-32γ mRNA than those from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IFN-β treatment alters the TLR-dependent immune response of PBMCs from MS patients. This may contribute to the beneficial effects of IFN-β treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca Gomides
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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21
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Guindi C, Cloutier A, Gaudreau S, Zerif E, McDonald PP, Tatsiy O, Asselin C, Dupuis G, Gris D, Amrani AA. Role of the p38 MAPK/C/EBPβ Pathway in the Regulation of Phenotype and IL-10 and IL-12 Production by Tolerogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120256. [PMID: 30544623 PMCID: PMC6316502 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in innate and adaptive immunity and self-immune tolerance. Immunogenic versus tolerogenic DC functions are dictated by their levels of costimulatory molecules and their cytokine expression profile. The transcription factor C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several inflammatory genes in many cell types including macrophages. However, little is known regarding the role of C/EBPβ in tolerogenic versus immunogenic DCs functions. We have previously reported that bone marrow-derived DCs generated with GM-CSF (GM/DCs) acquire the signature of semi-mature tolerogenic IL-10-producing DCs as opposed to immunogenic DCs generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 (IL-4/DCs). Here, we show that tolerogenic GM/DCs exhibit higher levels of phosphorylation and enhanced DNA binding activity of C/EBPβ and CREB than immunogenic IL-4/DCs. We also show that the p38 MAPK/CREB axis and GSK3 play an important role in regulating C/EBPβ phosphorylation and DNA binding activity. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in GM/DCs resulted in a drastic decrease of C/EBPβ and CREB DNA binding activities, a reduction of their IL-10 production and an increase of their IL-12p70 production, a characteristic of immunogenic IL-4/DCs. We also present evidence that GSK3 inhibition in GM/DCs reduced C/EBPβ DNA binding activity and increased expression of costimulatory molecules in GM/DCs and their production of IL-10. Analysis of GM/DCs of C/EBPβ-/- mice showed that C/EBPβ was essential to maintain the semimature phenotype and the production of IL-10 as well as low CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. Our results highlight the importance of the p38MAPK-C/EBPβ pathway in regulating phenotype and function of tolerogenic GM/DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Guindi
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Simon Gaudreau
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Echarki Zerif
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Olga Tatsiy
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Claude Asselin
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis Gris
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - And Abdelaziz Amrani
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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22
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Schrecengost RS, Green CL, Zhuang Y, Keller SN, Smith RA, Maines LW, Smith CD. In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Capabilities of the Novel GSK3 and CDK9 Inhibitor ABC1183. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:107-116. [PMID: 29434052 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3s (GSK3α and GSK3β) are constitutively active protein kinases that target over 100 substrates, incorporate into numerous protein complexes, and regulate such vital cellular functions as proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) regulates RNA production as a component of positive transcription elongation factor b and promotes expression of oncogenic and inflammatory genes. Simultaneous inhibition of these signaling nodes is a promising approach for drug discovery, although previous compounds exhibit limited selectivity and clinical efficacy. The novel diaminothiazole ABC1183 is a selective GSK3α/β and CDK9 inhibitor and is growth-inhibitory against a broad panel of cancer cell lines. ABC1183 treatment decreases cell survival through G2/M arrest and modulates oncogenic signaling through changes in GSK3, glycogen synthase, and β-catenin phosphorylation and MCL1 expression. Oral administration, which demonstrates no organ or hematologic toxicity, suppresses tumor growth and inflammation-driven gastrointestinal disease symptoms, owing in part to downregulation of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, ABC1183 is strategically poised to effectively mitigate multiple clinically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhuang
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Staci N Keller
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan A Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania
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23
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Chang MY, Kang I, Gale M, Manicone AM, Kinsella MG, Braun KR, Wigmosta T, Parks WC, Altemeier WA, Wight TN, Frevert CW. Versican is produced by Trif- and type I interferon-dependent signaling in macrophages and contributes to fine control of innate immunity in lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1069-L1086. [PMID: 28912382 PMCID: PMC5814701 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that versican is important in the innate immune response to lung infection. Our goal was to understand the regulation of macrophage-derived versican and the role it plays in innate immunity. We first defined the signaling events that regulate versican expression, using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice lacking specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR adaptor molecules, or the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1). We show that LPS and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] trigger a signaling cascade involving TLR3 or TLR4, the Trif adaptor, type I interferons, and IFNAR1, leading to increased expression of versican by macrophages and implicating versican as an interferon-stimulated gene. The signaling events regulating versican are distinct from those for hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) and syndecan-4 in macrophages. HAS1 expression requires TLR2 and MyD88. Syndecan-4 requires TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4 and both MyD88 and Trif. Neither HAS1 nor syndecan-4 is dependent on type I interferons. The importance of macrophage-derived versican in lungs was determined with LysM/Vcan-/- mice. These studies show increased recovery of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of poly(I:C)-treated LysM/Vcan-/- mice compared with control mice. IFN-β and IL-10, two important anti-inflammatory molecules, are significantly decreased in both poly(I:C)-treated BMDMs from LysM/Vcan-/- mice and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from poly(I:C)-treated LysM/Vcan-/- mice compared with control mice. In short, type I interferon signaling regulates versican expression, and versican is necessary for type I interferon production. These findings suggest that macrophage-derived versican is an immunomodulatory molecule with anti-inflammatory properties in acute pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y Chang
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne M Manicone
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Michael G Kinsella
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen R Braun
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tara Wigmosta
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William C Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Comparative Pathology Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; and
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24
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Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of neovestitol from Brazilian red propolis in LPS-activated macrophages. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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25
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Gao S, Li S, Duan X, Gu Z, Ma Z, Yuan X, Feng X, Wang H. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) suppresses the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modifying STAT3 activity. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2301-2316. [PMID: 28574599 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although GSK3β has been reported to have contrasting effects on the progression of different tumors, it's possible functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the related molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression, function, and molecular mechanism of GSK3β in the development of ESCC in vitro and in vivo. Though the expression of total GSK3β was significantly increased, the phosphorylated (inactivated) form of GSK3β (Ser9) was concurrently decreased in the cancerous tissues of patients with ESCC compared with controls, suggesting that GSK3β activity was enhanced in cancerous tissues. Further pathological data analysis revealed that higher GSK3β expression was associated with poorer differentiation, higher metastasis rates, and worse prognosis of ESCC. These results were confirmed in different ESCC cell lines using a pharmacological inhibitor and specific siRNA to block GSK3β. Using a cancer phospho-antibody array, we found that STAT3 is a target of GSK3β. GSK3 inhibition reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, and overexpression of constitutively active GSK3β had the opposite effect. Moreover, STAT3 inhibition mimicked the effects of GSK3β inhibition on ESCC cell migration and viability, while overexpression of a plasmid encoding mutant STAT3 (Y705F) abrogated these effects, and these results were further substantiated by clinicopathological data. In addition, a GSK3 inhibitor (LiCl) and/or STAT3 inhibitor (WP-1066) efficiently suppressed the growth of ESCC cells in a xenograft tumor model. Altogether, these results reveal that higher GSK3β expression promotes ESCC progression through STAT3 in vitro and in vivo, and GSK3β-STAT3 signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuoguo Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Duan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhikun Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical college of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
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26
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Lobo-Silva D, Carriche GM, Castro AG, Roque S, Saraiva M. Interferon-β regulates the production of IL-10 by toll-like receptor-activated microglia. Glia 2017; 65:1439-1451. [PMID: 28617991 PMCID: PMC7165667 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, such as toll‐like receptors (TLRs), perceive tissue alterations and initiate local innate immune responses. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, encode TLRs which primary role is to protect the tissue integrity. However, deregulated activation of TLRs in microglia may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. This double role of microglial responses is often reported in immune‐driven neurologic diseases, as in multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, strategies to manipulate microglia inflammatory responses may help to ameliorate disease progression. In this context, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10 appears as an attractive target. In this study, we investigated how activation of microglia by TLRs with distinct roles in MS impacts on IL‐10 production. We found that activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 induced the production of IL‐10 to a greater extent than activation of TLR3. This was surprising as both TLR3 and IL‐10 play protective roles in animal models of MS. Interestingly, combination of TLR3 triggering with the other TLRs, enhanced IL‐10 through the modulation of its transcription, via interferon (IFN)‐β, but independently of IL‐27. Thus, in addition to the modulation of inflammatory responses of the periphery described for the axis TLR3/IFN‐β, we now report a direct modulation of microglial responses. We further show that the presence of IFN‐γ in the microenvironment abrogated the modulation of IL‐10 by TLR3, whereas that of IL‐17 had no effect. Considering the therapeutic application of IFN‐β in MS, our study bears important implications for the understanding of the cytokine network regulating microglia responses in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Lobo-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina M Carriche
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Tomaiuolo M, Kottke M, Matheny RW, Reifman J, Mitrophanov AY. Computational identification and analysis of signaling subnetworks with distinct functional roles in the regulation of TNF production. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:826-38. [PMID: 26751842 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process driven by the coordinated action of a vast number of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecular mediators. While experimental studies have provided an abundance of information about the properties and mechanisms of action of individual mediators, essential system-level regulatory patterns that determine the time-course of inflammation are not sufficiently understood. In particular, it is not known how the contributions from distinct signaling pathways involved in cytokine regulation combine to shape the overall inflammatory response over different time scales. We investigated the kinetics of the intra- and extracellular signaling network controlling the production of the essential pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and its anti-inflammatory counterpart, interleukin 10 (IL-10), in a macrophage culture. To tackle the intrinsic complexity of the network, we employed a computational modeling approach using the available literature data about specific molecular interactions. Our computational model successfully captured experimentally observed short- and long-term kinetics of key inflammatory mediators. Subsequent model analysis showed that distinct subnetworks regulate IL-10 production by impacting different temporal phases of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Moreover, the model revealed that functionally similar inhibitory control circuits regulate the early and late activation phases of nuclear factor κB and CREB. Finally, we identified and investigated distinct signaling subnetworks that independently control the peak height and tail height of the TNF temporal trajectories. The knowledge of such subnetwork-specific regulatory effects may facilitate therapeutic interventions aimed at precise modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Tomaiuolo
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: MCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Melissa Kottke
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 15 Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 15 Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: MCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Mitrophanov
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, ATTN: MCMR-TT, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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28
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Alsaggar M, Mills M, Liu D. Interferon beta overexpression attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and high-fat diet-induced obesity and maintains glucose homeostasis. Gene Ther 2016; 24:60-66. [PMID: 27858942 PMCID: PMC5757862 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing, raising health concerns regarding obesity-related complications. Chronic inflammation has been characterized as a major contributor to the development of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The purpose of the current study is to assess whether overexpression of interferon beta (IFNβ1), an immune-modulating cytokine, will attenuate high fat diet-induced adipose inflammation and protect animals against obesity development. Using hydrodynamic gene transfer to elevate and sustain blood concentration of IFNβ1 in mice fed a high fat diet, we showed that overexpression of Ifnβ1 gene markedly suppressed immune cell infiltration into adipose tissue, and attenuated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Systemically, IFNβ1 blocked adipose tissue expansion and body weight gain, independent of food intake. Possible browning of white adipose tissue might also contribute to blockade of weight gain. More importantly, IFNβ1 improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. These results suggest that targeting inflammation represents a practical strategy to block the development of obesity and its related pathologies. In addition, IFNβ1-based therapies have promising potential for clinical applications for the prevention and treatment of various inflammation-driven pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alsaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Mills
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
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29
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Howes A, Taubert C, Blankley S, Spink N, Wu X, Graham CM, Zhao J, Saraiva M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Bancroft GJ, O'Garra A. Differential Production of Type I IFN Determines the Reciprocal Levels of IL-10 and Proinflammatory Cytokines Produced by C57BL/6 and BALB/c Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2838-53. [PMID: 27549173 PMCID: PMC5026030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors detect microbial products and induce cytokines, which shape the immunological response. IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-1β are proinflammatory cytokines, which are essential for resistance against infection, but when produced at high levels they may contribute to immunopathology. In contrast, IL-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, which dampens proinflammatory responses, but it can also lead to defective pathogen clearance. The regulation of these cytokines is therefore central to the generation of an effective but balanced immune response. In this study, we show that macrophages derived from C57BL/6 mice produce low levels of IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-1β, but high levels of IL-10, in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligands LPS and Pam3CSK4, as well as Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacterium that activates TLR2/4. In contrast, macrophages derived from BALB/c mice show a reciprocal pattern of cytokine production. Differential production of IL-10 in B. pseudomallei and LPS-stimulated C57BL/6 and BALB/c macrophages was due to a type I IFN and ERK1/2-dependent, but IL-27–independent, mechanism. Enhanced type I IFN expression in LPS-stimulated C57BL/6 macrophages was accompanied by increased STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 activation. Furthermore, type I IFN contributed to differential IL-1β and IL-12 production in B. pseudomallei and LPS-stimulated C57BL/6 and BALB/c macrophages via both IL-10–dependent and –independent mechanisms. These findings highlight key pathways responsible for the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and reveal how they may differ according to the genetic background of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Howes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Taubert
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Blankley
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Spink
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M Graham
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jiawen Zhao
- Department of Research and Innovation, Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Sichuan Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore; and
| | - Gregory J Bancroft
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
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30
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Kouwenberg M, Jacobs CWM, van der Vlag J, Hilbrands LB. Allostimulatory Effects of Dendritic Cells with Characteristic Features of a Regulatory Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159986. [PMID: 27525971 PMCID: PMC4985155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential to prolong graft survival after transplantation. Tolerogenic DCs are in general characterized by a low expression of co-stimulatory molecule and a high IL-10:IL-12 production ratio. Based on promising results with earlier used alternatively activated DCs, we aimed to generate in culture potentially tolerogenic DC by simultaneously blocking GSK3 by lithium chloride (LiCl) and stimulating TLR2 by PAM3CysSerLys4. Materials and Methods Bone marrow-derived LiClPAM3 DCs were generated by the addition of LiCl 24 hours before harvesting, and one hour later PAM3CysSerLys4. The phenotype of the DCs was assessed by determining the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in flow cytometry and cytokine production in ELISA, whereas their functional properties were tested in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. A fully MHC mismatched heterotopic heart transplant preceded by infusion of donor-derived LiClPAM3 DC was performed to assess the tolerogenic potential of LiClPAM3 DCs in vivo. Results LiClPAM3 DCs displayed a tolerogenic phenotype accompanied with a low expression of co-stimulatory molecules and a high IL-10:IL-12 production ratio. However, in mixed lymphocyte reaction, LiClPAM3 DCs appeared superior in T cell stimulation, and induced Th1 and Th17 differentiation. Moreover, mice pretreated with LiClPAM3 DC displayed a reduced graft survival. Analysis of LiClPAM3 DC culture supernatant revealed high levels of CXCL-1, which was also found in supernatants of co-cultures of LiClPAM3 DC and T cells. Nevertheless, we could not show a role for CXCL-1 in T cell proliferation or activation in vitro. Discussion LiClPAM3 DCs display in vitro a tolerogenic phenotype with a high IL-10:IL-12 ratio, but appeared to be highly immunogenic, since allograft rejection was accelerated. As yet unidentified LiClPAM3 DC-derived factors, may explain the immunogenic character of LiClPAM3 DCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kouwenberg
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C W M Jacobs
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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31
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ye P, Li J, Li H, Ding Q, Xia J. Amphiregulin Confers Regulatory T Cell Suppressive Function and Tumor Invasion via the EGFR/GSK-3β/Foxp3 Axis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21085-21095. [PMID: 27432879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies mainly focused on the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumor cells, whereas the effects of the EGFR on immune responses has not been determined. Our study shows that the EGFR signaling pathway play a role in the regulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in cancer patients. The EGF-like growth factor Amphiregulin (AREG) protein was frequently up-regulated in a tissue microarray, which was associated with worse overall survival. Additionally, in sera, tissue specimens, and effusions of lung or gastric cancer patients, up-regulated AREG protein enhanced the suppressive function of Treg cells. AREG maintained the Treg cell suppressive function via the EGFR/GSK-3β/Foxp3 axis in vitro and in vivo Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib restored the activity of GSK-3β and attenuated Treg cell function. β-TrCP was involved in GSK-3β-mediated Foxp3 degradation, and mass spectrometry identified Lys356 as the ubiquitination site of Foxp3 by β-TrCP. These findings demonstrate the posttranslational regulation of Foxp3 expression by AREG in cancer patients through AREG/EGFR/GSK-3β signaling, which could lead to Foxp3 protein degradation in Treg cells and a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Wang
- From the Departments of Thoracic Surgery
| | | | - Yan Wang
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Ping Ye
- the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Li
- the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huabin Li
- the Department of Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingqing Ding
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China,
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Abstract
Macrophages and their counterparts in the central nervous system, the microglia, detect and subsequently clear microbial pathogens and injured tissue. These phagocytic cells alter and adapt their phenotype depending on their prime activity, i.e., whether they participate in acute defence against pathogenic organisms ('M1'-phenotype) or in clearing damaged tissues and performing repair activities ('M2'-phenotype). Stimulation of pattern recognition receptors by viruses (vaccines), bacterial membrane components (e.g., LPS), alcohol, or long-chain saturated fatty acids promotes M1-polarization. Vaccine or LPS administration to healthy human subjects can result in sickness symptoms and low mood. Alcohol abuse and abdominal obesity are recognized as risk factors for depression. In the M1-polarized form, microglia and macrophages generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals to eradicate microbial pathogens. Inadvertently, also tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) may become oxidized. This is an irreversible reaction that generates neopterin, a recognized biomarker for depression. BH4 is a critical cofactor for the synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin, and its loss could explain some of the symptoms of depression. Based on these aspects, the suppression of M1-polarization would limit the inadvertent catabolism of BH4. In the current review, we evaluate the evidence that antidepressant treatments (monoamine reuptake inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors, lithium, valproate, agomelatine, tianeptine, electroconvulsive shock, and vagus nerve stimulation) inhibit LPS-induced microglia/macrophage M1-polarization. Consequently, we propose that supplementation with BH4 could limit the reduction in central monoamine synthesis and might represent an effective treatment for depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans O Kalkman
- Neuroscience Research, NIBR, Fabrikstrasse 22-3.001.02, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Dominik Feuerbach
- Neuroscience Research, NIBR, Fabrikstrasse 22-3.001.02, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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Pittini Á, Casaravilla C, Allen JE, Díaz Á. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K class III enhances the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells stimulated by TLR agonists. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:213-217. [PMID: 27168056 PMCID: PMC4907315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pittini
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Judith E Allen
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Yin H, Zhou H, Kang Y, Zhang X, Duan X, Alnabhan R, Liang S, Scott DA, Lamont RJ, Shang J, Wang H. Syk negatively regulates TLR4-mediated IFNβ and IL-10 production and promotes inflammatory responses in dendritic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:588-98. [PMID: 26708990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Syk has been shown to associate with TLR4, the immune consequences of Syk-TLR interactions and related molecular mechanisms are unclear. METHODS Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were utilized to determine the regulatory function of Syk and elucidate the related molecular mechanisms in TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA and phosphorylation of signaling molecules determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Syk deficiency in murine dendritic cells resulted in the enhancement of LPS-induced IFNβ and IL-10 but suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6). Deficiency of Syk enhanced the activity of PI3K and elevated the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, which in turn, lead to the phospho-inactivation of the downstream, central gatekeeper of the innate response, GSK3β. Inhibition of PI3K or Akt abrogated the ability of Syk deficiency to enhance IFNβ and IL-10 in Syk deficient cells, confirmed by the overexpression of Akt (Myr-Akt) or constitutively active GSK3β (GSK3 S9A). Moreover, neither inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling nor neutralization of de novo synthesized IFNβ could rescue TNFα and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated Syk deficient cells. Syk deficiency resulted in decreased phosphorylation of IKKβ and the NF-κB p65 subunit, further suggesting a divergent influence of Syk on pro- and anti-inflammatory TLR responses. CONCLUSIONS Syk negatively regulates TLR4-mediated production of IFNβ and IL-10 and promotes inflammatory responses in dendritic cells through divergent regulation of downstream PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Syk may represent a novel target for manipulating the direction or intensity of the innate response, depending on clinical necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxian Duan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ridab Alnabhan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jia Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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35
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Yen JH, Kong W, Hooper KM, Emig F, Rahbari KM, Kuo PC, Scofield BA, Ganea D. Differential effects of IFN-β on IL-12, IL-23, and IL-10 expression in TLR-stimulated dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:689-702. [PMID: 26059829 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0914-453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MS is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune cell infiltration in the CNS, leading to cumulative disability. IFN-β, used clinically in RR-MS reduces lesion formation and rates of relapse. Although the molecular mechanisms are not entirely elucidated, myeloid cells appear to be a major target for the therapeutic effects of IFN-β. DCs have a critical role in experimental models of MS through their effect on encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and expansion. Here we focused on the effects of IFN-β on DC expression of cytokines involved in the control of Th1/Th17 differentiation and expansion. Administration of IFN-β to mice immunized with MOG35-55 inhibited IL-12 and IL-23 expression in splenic DC and reduced in vivo differentiation of Th1/Th17 cells. IFN-β affected cytokine expression in TLR-stimulated DC in a similar manner in vitro, inhibiting IL-12 and IL-23 and stimulating IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels, by signaling through IFNAR. We investigated the role of the signaling molecules STAT1/STAT2, IRF-1 and IRF-7, and of the PI3K→GSK3 pathway. IFN-β inhibition of the IL-12 subunits p40 and p35 was mediated through STAT1/STAT2, whereas inhibition of IL-23 was STAT1 dependent, and the stimulatory effect on IL-10 expression was mediated through STAT2. IFN-β induces IRF-7 and, to a lesser degree, IRF-1. However, neither IRF mediated the effects of IFN-β on IL-12, IL-23, or IL-10. We found that the PI3K pathway mediated IL-12 inhibition but did not interfere with the inhibition of IL-23 or stimulation of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsten M Hooper
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frances Emig
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kate M Rahbari
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping-Chang Kuo
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara A Scofield
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Doina Ganea
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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36
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Donlin LT, Jayatilleke A, Giannopoulou EG, Kalliolias GD, Ivashkiv LB. Modulation of TNF-induced macrophage polarization by synovial fibroblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2373-83. [PMID: 25057003 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have emerged as powerful modulators of the immune system. In this study, we explored how the human macrophage response to TNF is regulated by human synovial fibroblasts, the representative stromal cell type in the synovial lining of joints that become activated during inflammatory arthritis. We found that synovial fibroblasts strongly suppressed TNF-mediated induction of an IFN-β autocrine loop and downstream expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 that are characteristic of classical macrophage activation. TNF induced the production of soluble synovial fibroblast factors that suppressed the macrophage production of IFN-β, and cooperated with TNF to limit the responsiveness of macrophages to IFN-β by suppressing activation of Jak-STAT signaling. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that cocultured synovial fibroblasts modulate the expression of approximately one third of TNF-regulated genes in macrophages, including genes in pathways important for macrophage survival and polarization toward an alternatively activated phenotype. Pathway analysis revealed that gene expression programs regulated by synovial fibroblasts in our coculture system were also regulated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophages, suggesting that these fibroblast-mediated changes may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between innate immune and stromal cells during an inflammatory response, one that is particularly relevant to inflammatory arthritis. Our findings also identify modulation of macrophage phenotype as a new function for synovial fibroblasts that may prove to be a contributing factor in arthritis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021;
| | - Arundathi Jayatilleke
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Eugenia G Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, New York, NY 11201
| | - George D Kalliolias
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021; and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021
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Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) activate intracellular antimicrobial programmes and influence the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Canonical type I IFN signalling activates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, leading to transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Host, pathogen and environmental factors regulate the responses of cells to this signalling pathway and thus calibrate host defences while limiting tissue damage and preventing autoimmunity. Here, we summarize the signalling and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate type I IFN-induced STAT activation and ISG transcription and translation. These regulatory mechanisms determine the biological outcomes of type I IFN responses and whether pathogens are cleared effectively or chronic infection or autoimmune disease ensues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel B Ivashkiv
- 1] Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA. [2] Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York 10065, USA. [3] Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065,USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Schmid E, Yan J, Nurbaeva MK, Russo A, Yang W, Faggio C, Shumilina E, Lang F. Decreased store operated Ca2+ entry in dendritic cells isolated from mice expressing PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88637. [PMID: 24523925 PMCID: PMC3921210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), key players of immunity, are regulated by glycogen synthase kinase GSK3. GSK3 activity is suppressed by PKB/Akt and SGK isoforms, which are in turn stimulated by the PI3K pathway. Exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i), an effect augmented in DCs isolated from mutant mice expressing PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3α,β (gsk3KI). Factors affecting [Ca2+]i include Ca2+-release from intracellular stores (CRIS), store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE) through STIM1/STIM2-regulated Orai1, K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+-exchangers (NCKX), K+-independent Na+/Ca2+-exchangers (NCX) and calbindin-D28k. The present study explored whether PKB/SGK-dependent GSK3α, β-activity impacts on CRIS, SOCE, NCKX, NCX or calbindin. DCs were isolated from gsk3KI mice and respective wild-type mice (gsk3WT), [Ca2+]i estimated from Fura2 fluorescence, Orai1, STIM1, STIM2 as well as calbindin-D28k protein abundance determined by Western blotting and mRNA levels quantified by real time PCR. As a result, thapsigargin-induced CRIS and SOCE were significantly blunted by GSK3-inhibitors SB216763 (1–10 µM, 30 min) or GSK-XIII (10 µM, 30 min) but were significantly lower in gsk3WT than in gsk3KIDCs. Orai1, STIM1 and STIM2 protein abundance was significantly lower and calbindin-D28k abundance significantly higher in gsk3KI than in gsk3WTDCs. Activity of NCKX and NCX was significantly higher in gsk3KI than in gsk3WTDCs and was significantly increased by SB216763 (1 µM, 30 min) or GSK-XIII (10 µM, 30 min). Treatment of gsk3WT DCs with SB216763 (1 µM, 4–24 h) or GSK-XIII (10 µM, 4–24 h) did not significantly modify the protein abundance of Orai1, STIM1 and STIM2. The present observations point to a dual role of GSK3 in the regulation of Ca2+ in DCs. Acute inhibition of GSK3 blunted the increase of [Ca2+]i following CRIS and SOCE and stimulated NCKX/NCX activity. However, expression of PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3α, β downregulated the increase of [Ca2+]i following CRIS and SOCE, an effect at least partially due to downregulation of Orai1, STIM1 and STIM2 expression as well as upregulation of Na+/Ca2+-exchanger activity and calbindin D28k expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Schmid
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Antonella Russo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wenting Yang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, S.Agata-Messina, Italy
| | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Arimori Y, Nakamura R, Yamada H, Shibata K, Maeda N, Kase T, Yoshikai Y. Type I interferon plays opposing roles in cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production by natural killer and CD8 T cells after influenza A virus infection in mice. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:456-66. [PMID: 24435166 DOI: 10.1159/000356824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) promote natural killer (NK) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, which play a role not only in the resolution of infection but also in the induction of acute lung injury following influenza A virus infection. We show here that IFN-α receptor knock-out (Ifnar1(-/-)) mice exhibited impaired cytotoxic activity as well as an increased ability of NK and CD8(+) T cells to produce IFN-γ after infection with influenza virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1, a mouse-adapted strain). A deficiency in IFNAR signaling significantly impaired IL-10 production in influenza virus-infected lungs and enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells, which were suppressed by exogenous IL-10. Depletion of NK cells but not CD8(+) T cells in Ifnar1(-/-) mice improved the survival rate after A/FM/1/47 infection, indicating that NK cells are responsible for acute lung injury in Ifnar1(-/-) mice following influenza A virus infection, although the depletion of IFN-γ did not improve the outcome. Thus, type I IFN signaling plays a role not only in the upregulation of cytotoxicity but also in the downregulation of some effector mechanisms including IFN-γ production by NK and CD8(+) T cells via IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yojiro Arimori
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gabryšová L, Howes A, Saraiva M, O'Garra A. The regulation of IL-10 expression. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 380:157-90. [PMID: 25004818 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43492-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine and an understanding of how IL-10 expression is controlled is critical in the design of immune intervention strategies. IL-10 is produced by almost all cell types within the innate (including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells) and adaptive (including CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells and B cells) immune systems. The mechanisms of IL-10 regulation operate at several stages including chromatin remodelling at the Il10 locus, transcriptional regulation of Il10 expression and post-transcriptional regulation of Il10 mRNA. In addition, whereas some aspects of Il10 gene regulation are conserved between different immune cell types, several are cell type- or stimulus-specific. Here, we outline the complexity of IL-10 production by discussing what is known about its regulation in macrophages, monocytes, DCs and CD4(+) T helper cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Gabryšová
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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Boasso A. Type I Interferon at the Interface of Antiviral Immunity and Immune Regulation: The Curious Case of HIV-1. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:580968. [PMID: 24455433 PMCID: PMC3885208 DOI: 10.1155/2013/580968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) play a critical role in the innate immune response against viral infections. They actively participate in antiviral immunity by inducing molecular mechanisms of viral restriction and by limiting the spread of the infection, but they also orchestrate the initial phases of the adaptive immune response and influence the quality of T cell immunity. During infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the production of and response to IFN-I may be severely altered by the lymphotropic nature of the virus. In this review I consider the different aspects of virus sensing, IFN-I production, signalling, and effects on target cells, with a particular focus on the alterations observed following HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Boasso
- Immunology Section, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
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The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β in immunity and cell cycle: implications in esophageal cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 62:131-44. [PMID: 24276788 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies, possessing an insidious onset and a poor prognosis. Numerous transcription factors and inflammatory mediators have been reported to play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of this cancer. However, the specifics of the signaling network responsible for said factors, especially which elements are the critical regulators, are still being elucidated. Glycogen synthesis kinases 3 (GSK3)β was originally regarded as a kinase regulating glucose metabolism. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that it also played an essential role in a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, motility, and survival by regulating various transcription factors such as c-Jun, AP-1, β-catenin, CREB, and NF-κB. Aberrant regulation of GSK3β has been shown to promote cell growth in some cancers, while suppressing it in others, and thus may play an important role in the development of EC. This review will discuss our current understanding of GSK3β signaling, and its control of the expression and activation of various transcription factors that mediate the inflammatory response. We will also explore some of the known mediators of EC progression, and based on current literature, elucidate the potential roles and implications of GSK3 in this disease.
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Lin L, Hou J, Ma F, Wang P, Liu X, Li N, Wang J, Wang Q, Cao X. Type I IFN inhibits innate IL-10 production in macrophages through histone deacetylase 11 by downregulating microRNA-145. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:3896-904. [PMID: 23980205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses must be tightly regulated to avoid overactivation and subsequent inflammatory damage to host tissue while eliminating invading pathogens. IL-10 is a crucial suppressor of inflammatory responses and its expression is under precise regulation involving complex regulatory networks and multiple feedback loops. MicroRNAs are now emerging as critical regulators in immune response. Our previous work showed that miR-143/145 cluster was markedly downregulated in macrophages upon vesicular stomatitis virus infection. However, the particular role of miR-143/145 cluster in the regulation of innate immune response remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-143/145 cluster expression was also downregulated dramatically by TLR signals in macrophages, which was dependent on the subsequent type I IFN (IFN-I) production and downstream IFN-I receptor-JAK1-STAT1 signal cascade. Further studies demonstrated that miR-145, but not miR-143, promoted IL-10 expression in TLR4-triggered macrophages through directly targeting the epigenetic Il10 gene silencer histone deacetylase 11. Therefore, we demonstrate that miR-145, downregulated by IFN-I, targets histone deacetylase 11 to promote innate IL-10 expression in macrophages. Our findings suggest a new IFN-I-mediated negative feedback loop in the fine-tuning of innate IL-10 production that creates precise coordination of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
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Johnson JL, de Mejia EG. Flavonoid apigenin modified gene expression associated with inflammation and cancer and induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling cascade. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2112-27. [PMID: 23943362 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The objective was to examine the inhibitory effects of citrus fruit bioactive compounds on BxPC-3 and PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells, focusing on the antiproliferative mechanism of action of the flavonoid apigenin related to the glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Flavonoids, limonoids, phenolic acids, and ascorbic acid were tested for cytotoxic effects on BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells; apigenin was the most potent (IC50 = 23 and 12 μM for 24 and 48 h for BxPC-3 and IC50 = 71 and 41 μM for 24 and 48 h for PANC-1). Apigenin induced pancreatic cell death through inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Apigenin arrested cell cycle at G2 /M phase (36 and 32% at 50 μM for BxPC-3 and PANC-1, respectively) with concomitant decrease in the expression of cyclin B1. Apigenin activated the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis (44 and 14% at 50 μM for BxPC-3 and PANC-1, respectively) and modified the expression of apoptotic proteins. Apigenin highly upregulated the expression of cytokine genes IL17F (114.2-fold), LTA (33.1-fold), IL17C (23.2-fold), IL17A (11.3-fold), and IFNB1 (8.9-fold) in BxPC-3 cells, which potentially contributed to the anticancer properties. CONCLUSION Flavonoids have a protective role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodee L Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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McNab FW, Ewbank J, Rajsbaum R, Stavropoulos E, Martirosyan A, Redford PS, Wu X, Graham CM, Saraiva M, Tsichlis P, Chaussabel D, Ley SC, O'Garra A. TPL-2-ERK1/2 signaling promotes host resistance against intracellular bacterial infection by negative regulation of type I IFN production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1732-43. [PMID: 23842752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, causing ≈ 1.4 million deaths per year. Key immune components for host protection during tuberculosis include the cytokines IL-12, IL-1, and TNF-α, as well as IFN-γ and CD4(+) Th1 cells. However, immune factors determining whether individuals control infection or progress to active tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Excess amounts of type I IFN have been linked to exacerbated disease during tuberculosis in mouse models and to active disease in patients, suggesting tight regulation of this family of cytokines is critical to host resistance. In addition, the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is known to inhibit the immune response to M. tuberculosis in murine models through the negative regulation of key proinflammatory cytokines and the subsequent Th1 response. We show in this study, using a combination of transcriptomic analysis, genetics, and pharmacological inhibitors, that the TPL-2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is important in mediating host resistance to tuberculosis through negative regulation of type I IFN production. The TPL-2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulated production by macrophages of several cytokines important in the immune response to M. tuberculosis as well as regulating induction of a large number of additional genes, many in a type I IFN-dependent manner. In the absence of TPL-2 in vivo, excess type I IFN promoted IL-10 production and exacerbated disease. These findings describe an important regulatory mechanism for controlling tuberculosis and reveal mechanisms by which type I IFN may promote susceptibility to this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finlay W McNab
- Division of Immunoregulation, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
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Yan H, Ohno N, Tsuji NM. The role of C-type lectin receptors in immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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PKB/SGK-dependent GSK3-phosphorylation in the regulation of LPS-induced Ca2+ increase in mouse dendritic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:336-41. [PMID: 23817039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The function of dendritic cells (DCs) is modified by glycogen synthase kinase GSK3 and GSK3 inhibitors have been shown to protect against inflammatory disease. Regulators of GSK3 include the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway leading to activation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase (SGK) isoforms, which in turn phosphorylate and thus inhibit GSK3. The present study explored, whether PKB/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 contributes to the regulation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration following stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). To this end DCs from mutant mice, in which PKB/SGK-dependent GSK3α,β regulation was disrupted by replacement of the serine residues in the respective SGK/PKB-phosphorylation consensus sequence by alanine (gsk3(KI)), were compared to DCs from respective wild type mice (gsk3(WT)). According to Western blotting, GSK3 phosphorylation was indeed absent in gsk3(KI) DCs. According to flow cytometry, expression of antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and costimulatory molecule CD86, was similar in unstimulated and LPS (1μg/ml, 24h)-stimulated gsk3(WT) and gsk3(KI) DCs. Moreover, production of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNFα was not significantly different in gsk3(KI) and gsk3(WT) DCs. In gsk3(WT) DCs, stimulation with LPS (1μg/ml) within 10min led to transient phosphorylation of GSK3. According to Fura2 fluorescence, LPS (1μg/ml) increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, an effect significantly more pronounced in gsk3(KI) DCs than in gsk3(WT) DCs. Conversely, GSK3 inhibitor SB216763 (3-[2,4-Dichlorophenyl]-4-[1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 10μM, 30min) significantly blunted the increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration following LPS exposure. In conclusion, PKB/SGK-dependent GSK3α,β activity participates in the regulation of Ca(2+) signaling in dendritic cells.
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Gong JH, Gong JP, Li JZ, He K, Li PZ, Jiang XW. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor attenuates endotoxin-induced liver injury. J Surg Res 2013; 184:1035-44. [PMID: 23721934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS)-induced acute liver injury was attenuated by endotoxin tolerance (ET), which is characterized by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway/Akt signaling. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) acts downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway/Akt and GSK-3 inhibitor protects against organic injury. This study evaluates the hypothesis that ET attenuated LPS-induced liver injury through inhibiting GSK-3 functional activity and downstream signaling. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats with or without low-dose LPS pretreatment were challenged with or without large dose of LPS and subsequently received studies. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin levels were analyzed, morphology of liver tissue was performed, glycogen content, myeloperoxidase content, phagocytosis activity of Kupffer cells, and the expression and inhibitory phosphorylation as well as kinase activity of GSK-3 were examined. Survival after LPS administration was also determined. RESULTS LPS induced significant increases of serum TNF-α, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin (P < 0.05), which were companied by obvious alterations in liver: the injury of liver tissue, the decrease of glycogen, the infiltration of neutrophils, and the enhancement of phagocytosis of Kupffer cells (P < 0.05). LPS pretreatment significantly attenuated these alterations, promoted the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3 and inhibited its kinase activity, and improved the survival rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ET attenuated LPS-induced acute liver injury through inhibiting GSK-3 functional activity and its downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-hua Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Adamowicz K, Wang H, Jotwani R, Zeller I, Potempa J, Scott DA. Inhibition of GSK3 abolishes bacterial-induced periodontal bone loss in mice. Mol Med 2012; 18:1190-6. [PMID: 22847803 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue destruction that characterizes periodontitis is driven by the host response to bacterial pathogens. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in innate cells leads to suppression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-initiated proinflammatory cytokines under nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 transcriptional control and promotion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB)-dependent gene activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the cell permeable GSK3-specific inhibitor, SB216763, would protect against alveolar bone loss induced by the key periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), in a murine model. B6129SF2/J mice either were infected orally with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277; or treated with SB216763 and infected with P. gingivalis; sham infected; or exposed to vehicle only (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]); or to GSK3 inhibitor only (SB216763). Alveolar bone loss and local (neutrophil infiltration and interleukin [IL]-17) and systemic (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], IL-6, Il-1β and IL-12/IL-23 p40) inflammatory indices also were monitored. SB216763 unequivocally abrogated mean P. gingivalis-induced bone resorption, measured at 14 predetermined points on the molars of defleshed maxillae as the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (p < 0.05). The systemic cytokine response, the local neutrophil infiltration and the IL-17 expression were suppressed (p < 0.001). These data confirm the relevance of prior in vitro phenomena and establish GSK3 as a novel, efficacious therapeutic preventing periodontal disease progression in a susceptible host. These findings also may have relevance to other chronic inflammatory diseases and the systemic sequelae associated with periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Adamowicz
- Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States of America
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Ludigs K, Parfenov V, Du Pasquier RA, Guarda G. Type I IFN-mediated regulation of IL-1 production in inflammatory disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3395-418. [PMID: 22527721 PMCID: PMC11115130 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although contributing to inflammatory responses and to the development of certain autoimmune pathologies, type I interferons (IFNs) are used for the treatment of viral, malignant, and even inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a strongly pyrogenic cytokine and its importance in the development of several inflammatory diseases is clearly established. While the therapeutic use of IL-1 blocking agents is particularly successful in the treatment of innate-driven inflammatory disorders, IFN treatment has mostly been appreciated in the management of multiple sclerosis. Interestingly, type I IFNs exert multifaceted immunomodulatory effects, including the reduction of IL-1 production, an outcome that could contribute to its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IL-1 and IFN effects in different inflammatory disorders, the influence of IFNs on IL-1 production, and discuss possible therapeutic avenues based on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ludigs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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