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Metelitsa LS. A milestone method to make natural killer T cells. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02243-x. [PMID: 38744945 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid S Metelitsa
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Boonchalermvichian C, Yan H, Gupta B, Rubin A, Baker J, Negrin RS. invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in hematological malignancies. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1353803. [PMID: 38993780 PMCID: PMC11235242 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1353803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy is an emerging platform of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. This unique cell population is a promising candidate for cell therapy for cancer treatment because of its inherent cytotoxicity against CD1d positive cancers as well as its ability to induce host CD8 T cell cross priming. Substantial evidence supports that iNKT cells can modulate myelomonocytic populations in the tumor microenvironment to ameliorate immune dysregulation to antagonize tumor progression. iNKT cells can also protect from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) through several mechanisms, including the expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg). Ultimately, iNKT cell-based therapy can retain antitumor activity while providing protection against GVHD simultaneously. Therefore, these biological properties render iNKT cells as a promising "off-the-shelf" therapy for diverse hematological malignancies and possible solid tumors. Further the introduction of a chimeric antigen recetor (CAR) can further target iNKT cells and enhance function. We foresee that improved vector design and other strategies such as combinatorial treatments with small molecules or immune checkpoint inhibitors could improve CAR iNKT in vivo persistence, functionality and leverage anti-tumor activity along with the abatement of iNKT cell dysfunction or exhaustion.
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Hao J, Zhang K, Huang X, Chang Y, Wu H, Jin R, Ge Q. Impaired thymic iNKT cell differentiation at early precursor stage in murine haploidentical bone marrow transplantation with GvHD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203614. [PMID: 37600815 PMCID: PMC10438461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early recovery of donor-derived invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are associated with reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and overall survival. Patients with severe GvHD, however, had much slower iNKT cell reconstitution relative to conventional T cells. Methods To characterize the delay of iNKT cell reconstitution and explore its possible causes, we used a haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (haplo-BMT) mouse model with GvHD. We found the delayed recovery of thymic and peripheral iNKT cell numbers with markedly decreased thymic NKT1 subset in GvHD mice. The defective generation of thymic iNKT precursors with egress capability contributed to the reduced peripheral iNKT cells in GvHD mice. We further identified intermediate NK1.1- NKT1 precursor subpopulations under steady-state conditions and found that the differentiation of these subpopulations was impaired in the thymi of GvHD mice. Detailed characterization of iNKT precursors and thymic microenvironment showed a close association of elevated TCR/co-stimulatory signaling provided by double positive thymocytes and macrophages with defective down-regulation of proliferation, metabolism, and NKT2 signature in iNKT precursor cells. Correspondingly, NKT2 but not NKT1 differentiation was favored in GvHD mice. Discussion These data underline the important roles of TCR and co-stimulatory signaling in the differentiation of thymic iNKT subsets under transplantation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Central Lab, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People’s Hospital & Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People’s Hospital & Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hounan Wu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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4
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Stavrou V, Fultang L, Booth S, De Simone D, Bartnik A, Scarpa U, Gneo L, Panetti S, Potluri S, Almowaled M, Barlow J, Jankevics A, Lloyd G, Southam A, Priestman DA, Cheng P, Dunn W, Platt F, Endou H, Craddock C, Keeshan K, Mussai F, De Santo C. Invariant NKT cells metabolically adapt to the acute myeloid leukaemia environment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:543-560. [PMID: 35962843 PMCID: PMC9947083 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) creates an immunosuppressive environment to conventional T cells through Arginase 2 (ARG2)-induced arginine depletion. We identify that AML blasts release the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), which acts in an autocrine manner to upregulate ARG2 expression and activity, and promote AML blast viability. Following in vitro cross-talk invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells become activated, upregulate mitochondrial capacity, and release IFN-γ. iNKT retain their ability to proliferate and be activated despite the low arginine AML environment, due to the upregulation of Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter-1 (LAT-1) and Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1 (ASS)-dependent amino acid pathways, resulting in AML cell death. T cell proliferation is restored in vitro and in vivo. The capacity of iNKT cells to restore antigen-specific T cell immunity was similarly demonstrated against myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in wild-type and Jα18-/- syngeneic lymphoma-bearing models in vivo. Thus, stimulation of iNKT cell activity has the potential as an immunotherapy against AML or as an adjunct to boost antigen-specific T cell immunotherapies in haematological or solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stavrou
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Livingstone Fultang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Booth
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniele De Simone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Arekdiusz Bartnik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ugo Scarpa
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Luciana Gneo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Silvia Panetti
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Meaad Almowaled
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - Jonathan Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andris Jankevics
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gavin Lloyd
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew Southam
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Warwick Dunn
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Frances Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma Co. Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Charles Craddock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Fang Y, Zhu Y, Kramer A, Chen Y, Li YR, Yang L. Graft-versus-Host Disease Modulation by Innate T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044084. [PMID: 36835495 PMCID: PMC9962599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic cell therapies, defined by genetically mismatched transplantation, have the potential to become a cost-effective solution for cell-based cancer immunotherapy. However, this type of therapy is often accompanied by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), induced by the mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between healthy donors and recipients, leading to severe complications and death. To address this issue and increase the potential for allogeneic cell therapies in clinical practice, minimizing GvHD is a crucial challenge. Innate T cells, encompassing subsets of T lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, and gamma delta T (γδ T) cells, offer a promising solution. These cells express MHC-independent T-cell receptors (TCRs), allowing them to avoid MHC recognition and thus GvHD. This review examines the biology of these three innate T-cell populations, evaluates research on their roles in GvHD modulation and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT), and explores the potential futures for these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Y.-R.L.); Tel.: +1-310-825-8609 (L.Y.); +1-310-254-6086 (Y.-R.L.)
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Y.-R.L.); Tel.: +1-310-825-8609 (L.Y.); +1-310-254-6086 (Y.-R.L.)
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6
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Mushtaq MU, Shahzad M, Shah AY, Chaudhary SG, Zafar MU, Anwar I, Neupane K, Khalid A, Ahmed N, Bansal R, Balusu R, Singh AK, Abhyankar SH, Callander NS, Hematti P, McGuirk JP. Impact of natural killer cells on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005031. [PMID: 36263054 PMCID: PMC9574024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in early immune reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinical trials.gov through April 20, 2022. We included 21 studies reporting data on the impact of NK cells on outcomes after HSCT. Data was extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled analysis was done using the meta-package (Schwarzer et al.). Proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Results We included 1785 patients from 21 studies investigating the impact of NK cell reconstitution post-HSCT (8 studies/1455 patients), stem cell graft NK cell content (4 studies/185 patients), therapeutic NK cell infusions post-HSCT (5 studies/74 patients), and pre-emptive/prophylactic NK cell infusions post-HSCT (4 studies/77 patients). Higher NK cell reconstitution was associated with a better 2-year overall survival (OS) (high: 77%, 95%CI 0.73-0.82 vs low: 55%, 95%CI 0.37-0.72; n=899), however, pooled analysis for relapse rate (RR) or graft versus host disease (GVHD) could not be performed due to insufficient data. Higher graft NK cell content demonstrated a trend towards a better pooled OS (high: 65.2%, 95%CI 0.47-0.81 vs low: 46.5%, 95%CI 0.24-0.70; n=157), lower RR (high: 16.9%, 95%CI 0.10-0.25 vs low: 33%, 95%CI 0.04-0.72; n=157), and lower acute GVHD incidence (high: 27.6%, 95%CI 0.20-0.36 vs low: 49.7%, 95%CI 0.26-0.74; n=157). Therapeutic NK or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell infusions for hematologic relapse post-HSCT reported an overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) of 48.9% and 11% with CIK cell infusions and 82.8% and 44.8% with NK cell infusions, respectively. RR, acute GVHD, and chronic GVHD were observed in 55.6% and 51.7%, 34.5% and 20%, and 20.7% and 11.1% of patients with CIK and NK cell infusions, respectively. Pre-emptive donor-derived NK cell infusions to prevent relapse post-HSCT had promising outcomes with 1-year OS of 69%, CR rate of 42%, ORR of 77%, RR of 28%, and acute and chronic GVHD rates of 24.9% and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusion NK cells have a favorable impact on outcomes after HSCT. The optimal use of NK cell infusions post-HSCT may be in a pre-emptive fashion to prevent disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Mushtaq
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Umair Mushtaq,
| | - Moazzam Shahzad
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amna Y. Shah
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sibgha Gull Chaudhary
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Muhammad U. Zafar
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Iqra Anwar
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Karun Neupane
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Nausheen Ahmed
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Bansal
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Anurag K. Singh
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sunil H. Abhyankar
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Natalie S. Callander
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joseph P. McGuirk
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Delfanti G, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Fedeli M. Adoptive Immunotherapy With Engineered iNKT Cells to Target Cancer Cells and the Suppressive Microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:897750. [PMID: 35615083 PMCID: PMC9125179 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.897750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are T lymphocytes expressing a conserved semi-invariant TCR specific for lipid antigens (Ags) restricted for the monomorphic MHC class I-related molecule CD1d. iNKT cells infiltrate mouse and human tumors and play an important role in the immune surveillance against solid and hematological malignancies. Because of unique functional features, they are attractive platforms for adoptive cells immunotherapy of cancer compared to conventional T cells. iNKT cells can directly kill CD1d-expressing cancer cells, but also restrict immunosuppressive myelomonocytic populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via CD1d-cognate recognition, promoting anti-tumor responses irrespective of the CD1d expression by cancer cells. Moreover, iNKT cells can be adoptively transferred across MHC barriers without risk of alloreaction because CD1d molecules are identical in all individuals, in addition to their ability to suppress graft vs. host disease (GvHD) without impairing the anti-tumor responses. Within this functional framework, iNKT cells are successfully engineered to acquire a second antigen-specificity by expressing recombinant TCRs or Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) specific for tumor-associated antigens, enabling the direct targeting of antigen-expressing cancer cells, while maintaining their CD1d-dependent functions. These new evidences support the exploitation of iNKT cells for donor unrestricted, and possibly off the shelf, adoptive cell therapies enabling the concurrent targeting of cancer cells and suppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gloria Delfanti
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Giulia Casorati
| | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Maya Fedeli
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Li YR, Dunn ZS, Garcia G, Carmona C, Zhou Y, Lee D, Yu J, Huang J, Kim JT, Arumugaswami V, Wang P, Yang L. Development of off-the-shelf hematopoietic stem cell-engineered invariant natural killer T cells for COVID-19 therapeutic intervention. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:112. [PMID: 35313965 PMCID: PMC8935266 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New COVID-19 treatments are desperately needed as case numbers continue to rise and emergent strains threaten vaccine efficacy. Cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and holds much promise in combatting infectious disease, including COVID-19. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a rare subset of T cells with potent antiviral and immunoregulatory functions and an excellent safety profile. Current iNKT cell strategies are hindered by the extremely low presence of iNKT cells, and we have developed a platform to overcome this critical limitation. METHODS We produced allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT (AlloHSC-iNKT) cells through TCR engineering of human cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and differentiation of these HSCs into iNKT cells in an Ex Vivo HSC-Derived iNKT Cell Culture. We then established in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection assays to assess AlloHSC-iNKT cell antiviral and anti-hyperinflammation functions. Lastly, using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, we evaluated AlloHSC-iNKT cell safety and immunogenicity for off-the-shelf application. RESULTS We reliably generated AlloHSC-iNKT cells at high-yield and of high-purity; these resulting cells closely resembled endogenous human iNKT cells in phenotypes and functionalities. In cell culture, AlloHSC-iNKT cells directly killed SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and also selectively eliminated SARS-CoV-2 infection-stimulated inflammatory monocytes. In an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay and an NSG mouse xenograft model, AlloHSC-iNKT cells were resistant to T cell-mediated alloreaction and did not cause GvHD. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report a method to robustly produce therapeutic levels of AlloHSC-iNKT cells. Preclinical studies showed that these AlloHSC-iNKT cells closely resembled endogenous human iNKT cells, could reduce SARS-CoV-2 virus infection load and mitigate virus infection-induced hyperinflammation, and meanwhile were free of GvHD-risk and resistant to T cell-mediated allorejection. These results support the development of AlloHSC-iNKT cells as a promising off-the-shelf cell product for treating COVID-19; such a cell product has the potential to target the new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the future new emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Camille Carmona
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jocelyn T Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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9
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Li YR, Zhou Y, Kim YJ, Zhu Y, Ma F, Yu J, Wang YC, Chen X, Li Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Lee D, Ku J, Tsao T, Hardoy C, Huang J, Cheng D, Montel-Hagen A, Seet CS, Crooks GM, Larson SM, Sasine JP, Wang X, Pellegrini M, Ribas A, Kohn DB, Witte O, Wang P, Yang L. Development of allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT cells for off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100449. [PMID: 34841295 PMCID: PMC8607011 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy has become the new-generation cancer medicine, and "off-the-shelf" cell products that can be manufactured at large scale and distributed readily to treat patients are necessary. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are ideal cell carriers for developing allogeneic cell therapy because they are powerful immune cells targeting cancers without graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) risk. However, healthy donor blood contains extremely low numbers of endogenous iNKT cells. Here, by combining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene engineering and in vitro differentiation, we generate human allogeneic HSC-engineered iNKT (AlloHSC-iNKT) cells at high yield and purity; these cells closely resemble endogenous iNKT cells, effectively target tumor cells using multiple mechanisms, and exhibit high safety and low immunogenicity. These cells can be further engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to enhance tumor targeting or/and gene edited to ablate surface human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and further reduce immunogenicity. Collectively, these preclinical studies demonstrate the feasibility and cancer therapy potential of AlloHSC-iNKT cell products and lay a foundation for their translational and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanni Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josh Ku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tasha Tsao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Hardoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher S. Seet
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M. Crooks
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M. Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joshua P. Sasine
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B. Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Owen Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Zhou Y, Li YR, Zeng S, Yang L. Methods for Studying Mouse and Human Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2388:35-57. [PMID: 34524660 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1775-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens presented by nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-like molecule CD1d. iNKT cells play essential roles in regulating immune responses against cancer, viral infection, autoimmune disease, and allergy. However, the study and application of iNKT cells have been hampered by their very small numbers (0.01-1% in mouse and human blood). Here, we describe protocols to (1) generate mouse iNKT cells from mouse mononuclear cells or from mouse hematopoietic stem cells engineered with iNKT T cell receptor (TCR) gene (denoted as mMNC-iNKT cells or mHSC-iNKT cells, respectively), (2) generate human iNKT cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or from human HSC cells engineered with iNKT TCR gene (denoted as hPBMC-iNKT cells or hHSC-iNKT cells, respectively), and (3) characterize mouse and human iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Hess NJ, S Bharadwaj N, Bobeck EA, McDougal CE, Ma S, Sauer JD, Hudson AW, Gumperz JE. iNKT cells coordinate immune pathways to enable engraftment in nonconditioned hosts. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000999. [PMID: 34112724 PMCID: PMC8200291 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a conserved population of innate T lymphocytes that interact with key antigen-presenting cells to modulate adaptive T-cell responses in ways that can either promote protective immunity, or limit pathological immune activation. Understanding the immunological networks engaged by iNKT cells to mediate these opposing functions is a key pre-requisite to effectively using iNKT cells for therapeutic applications. Using a human umbilical cord blood xenotransplantation model, we show here that co-transplanted allogeneic CD4+ iNKT cells interact with monocytes and T cells in the graft to coordinate pro-hematopoietic and immunoregulatory pathways. The nexus of iNKT cells, monocytes, and cord blood T cells led to the release of cytokines (IL-3, GM-CSF) that enhance hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell activity, and concurrently induced PGE2-mediated suppression of T-cell inflammatory responses that limit hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell engraftment. This resulted in successful long-term hematopoietic engraftment without pretransplant conditioning, including multi-lineage human chimerism and colonization of the spleen by antibody-producing human B cells. These results highlight the potential for using iNKT cellular immunotherapy to improve rates of hematopoietic engraftment independently of pretransplant conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hess
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nikhila S Bharadwaj
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bobeck
- Department of Animal Science, 201F Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Courtney E McDougal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shidong Ma
- QLB Biotherapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy W Hudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jenny E Gumperz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Exploiting CD1-restricted T cells for clinical benefit. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:126-131. [PMID: 33582549 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CD1-restricted T cells were first described over 30 years ago along with the cloning of the CD1 family. Around the same time, invariant Natural Killer cells (iNKT) were identified based on invariant TCR-alpha chains with additional expression of natural killer (NK) cell markers. About 5 years later, iNKT were shown to react with CD1d. Since then, iNKT have been shown to be a major population of CD1d-restricted T cells in humans and many animals. Like NK cells, iNKT are innate lymphocytes with rapid and wide-ranging effector potential. These activities include cytotoxicity and an unusually broad and high-level cytokine production. The development of highly-specific methods of isolating, stimulating, expanding or depleting these relatively rare cells and controlling their potent activities has stimulated considerable interest in therapeutic targeting of iNKT cells. Potential applications include cancers, inflammatory, infectious and autoimmune among other diseases. To date, most trials have targeted various cancers, there are 2 published trials in viral hepatitis and one in sickle cell lung disease. Uniform safety, evidence of immunologic activity and increasingly clinical efficacy have been seen. Approaches to targeting iNKT cells in clinical development include highly specific natural glycolipid ligands presented by CD1d and chemical analogues thereof and monoclonal antibody-based targeting of iNKT cells. In the case of iNKT cell-based therapies, novel approaches include arming them with Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) and recombinant TCRs (rTCR), gene editing and allogeneic use. Controlling the iTCR:CD1d molecular interaction and consequences is a unique and promising therapeutic technology.
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13
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Casorati G, de Lalla C, Dellabona P. Invariant natural killer T cells reconstitution and the control of leukemia relapse in pediatric haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:355-357. [PMID: 22737613 PMCID: PMC3382855 DOI: 10.4161/onci.18399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant (i)NKT cells are innate-like, lipid-reactive T lymphocytes implicated in the control of infections, cancer and autoimmunity. Our study suggests that the reconstitution of the peripheral iNKT cell compartment, following HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, associates with leukemia control in children affected by different hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Casorati
- Experimental immunology Unit; Division of Immunology; Transplantation and Infectious Diseases; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milano, Italy
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14
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Senovilla L, Vacchelli E, Galon J, Adjemian S, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C, Ma Y, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Prognostic and predictive value of the immune infiltrate in cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1323-1343. [PMID: 23243596 PMCID: PMC3518505 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are constituted of a variety of cellular components, including bona fide malignant cells as well as endothelial, structural and immune cells. On one hand, the tumor stroma exerts major pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive functions, reflecting the capacity of cancer cells to shape the microenvironment to satisfy their own metabolic and immunological needs. On the other hand, there is a component of tumor-infiltrating leucocytes (TILs) that has been specifically recruited in the attempt to control tumor growth. Along with the recognition of the critical role played by the immune system in oncogenesis, tumor progression and response to therapy, increasing attention has been attracted by the potential prognostic and/or predictive role of the immune infiltrate in this setting. Data from large clinical studies demonstrate indeed that a robust infiltration of neoplastic lesions by specific immune cell populations, including (but not limited to) CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages constitutes an independent prognostic indicator in several types of cancer. Conversely, high levels of intratumoral CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, Th2 CD4+ T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, M2 macrophages and neutrophils have frequently been associated with dismal prognosis. So far, only a few studies have addressed the true predictive potential of TILs in cancer patients, generally comforting the notion that—at least in some clinical settings—the immune infiltrate can reliably predict if a specific patient will respond to therapy or not. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of clinical trials that have evaluated/are evaluating the prognostic and predictive value of the immune infiltrate in the context of solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senovilla
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Orsay, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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15
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Konduri V, Oyewole-Said D, Vazquez-Perez J, Weldon SA, Halpert MM, Levitt JM, Decker WK. CD8 +CD161 + T-Cells: Cytotoxic Memory Cells With High Therapeutic Potential. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613204. [PMID: 33597948 PMCID: PMC7882609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK1.1 and its human homolog CD161 are expressed on NK cells, subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and NKT cells. While the expression of NK1.1 is thought to be inhibitory to NK cell function, it is reported to play both costimulatory and coinhibitory roles in T-cells. CD161 has been extensively studied and characterized on subsets of T-cells that are MR1-restricted, IL-17 producing CD4+ (TH17 MAIT cells) and CD8+ T cells (Tc17 cells). Non-MAIT, MR1-independent CD161-expressing T-cells also exist and are characterized as generally effector memory cells with a stem cell like phenotype. Gene expression analysis of this enigmatic subset indicates a significant enhancement in the expression of cytotoxic granzyme molecules and innate like stress receptors in CD8+NK1.1+/CD8+CD161+ cells in comparison to CD8+ cells that do not express NK1.1 or CD161. First identified and studied in the context of viral infection, the role of CD8+CD161+ T-cells, especially in the context of tumor immunology, is still poorly understood. In this review, the functional characteristics of the CD161-expressing CD8+ T cell subset with respect to gene expression profile, cytotoxicity, and tissue homing properties are discussed, and application of this subset to immune responses against infectious disease and cancer is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Damilola Oyewole-Said
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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16
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Khaldoyanidi S, Nagorsen D, Stein A, Ossenkoppele G, Subklewe M. Immune Biology of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Implications for Immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:419-432. [PMID: 33434043 PMCID: PMC8078464 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Stein
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Gerrit Ossenkoppele
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Velardi E, Clave E, Arruda LCM, Benini F, Locatelli F, Toubert A. The role of the thymus in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and the recovery of the peripheral T-cell compartment. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:101-117. [PMID: 33416938 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the thymus represents the primary site of T-cell development, optimal thymic function is of paramount importance for the successful reconstitution of the adaptive immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thymus involutes as part of the aging process and several factors, including previous chemotherapy treatments, conditioning regimen used in preparation to the allograft, occurrence of graft-versus-host disease, and steroid therapy that impair the integrity of the thymus, thus affecting its role in supporting T-cell neogenesis. Although the pathways governing its regeneration are still poorly understood, the thymus has a remarkable capacity to recover its function after damage. Measurement of both recent thymic emigrants and T-cell receptor excision circles is valuable tools to assess thymic output and gain insights on its function. In this review, we will extensively discuss available data on factors regulating thymic function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as the strategies and therapeutic approaches under investigation to promote thymic reconstitution and accelerate immune recovery in transplanted patients, including the use of cytokines, sex-steroid ablation, precursor T-cells, and thymus bioengineering. Although none of them is routinely used in the clinic, these approaches have the potential to enhance thymic function and immune recovery, not only in patients given an allograft but also in other conditions characterized by immune deficiencies related to a defective function of the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Velardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Lucas C M Arruda
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Benini
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, F-75010, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hopital Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
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18
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Dekker L, de Koning C, Lindemans C, Nierkens S. Reconstitution of T Cell Subsets Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1974. [PMID: 32698396 PMCID: PMC7409323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment option for patients suffering from chemotherapy-refractory or relapsed hematological malignancies. The occurrence of morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT is still high. This is partly correlated with the immunological recovery of the T cell subsets, of which the dynamics and relations to complications are still poorly understood. Detailed information on T cell subset recovery is crucial to provide tools for better prediction and modulation of adverse events. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, iNKT cells, Treg cells, MAIT cells and naive and memory T cell reconstitution, as well as their relations to outcome, considering different cell sources and immunosuppressive therapies. We conclude that the T cell subsets reconstitute in different ways and are associated with distinct adverse and beneficial events; however, adequate reconstitution of all the subsets is associated with better overall survival. Although the exact mechanisms involved in the reconstitution of each T cell subset and their associations with allo-HCT outcome need to be further elucidated, the data and suggestions presented here point towards the development of individualized approaches to improve their reconstitution. This includes the modulation of immunotherapeutic interventions based on more detailed immune monitoring, aiming to improve overall survival changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Dekker
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Coco de Koning
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Caroline Lindemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (C.L.)
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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19
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Expansion and CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation enhance Th2 cytokine secretion of human invariant NKT cells with retained anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:276-290. [PMID: 32238299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Key obstacles in human iNKT cell translational research and immunotherapy include the lack of robust protocols for dependable expansion of human iNKT cells and the paucity of data on phenotypes in post-expanded cells. METHODS We delineate expansion methods using interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7 and allogeneic feeder cells and anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation by which to dependably augment Th2 polarization and direct cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood CD3+Vα24+Vβ11+ iNKT cells. RESULTS Gene and protein expression profiling demonstrated augmented Th2 cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) in expanded iNKT cells stimulated with anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 antibodies. Cytotoxic effector molecules including granzyme B were increased in expanded iNKT cells after CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation. Direct cytotoxicity assays using unstimulated expanded iNKT cell effectors revealed α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer)-dependent killing of the T-ALL cell line Jurkat. Moreover, CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation of expanded iNKT cells augmented their (α-GalCer-independent) killing of Jurkat cells. Co-culture of expanded iNKT cells with stimulated responder cells confirmed contact-dependent inhibition of activated CD4+ and CD8+ responder T cells. DISCUSSION These data establish a robust protocol to expand and novel pathways to enhance Th2 cytokine secretion and direct cytotoxicity in human iNKT cells, findings with direct implications for autoimmunity, vaccine augmentation and anti-infective immunity, cancer immunotherapy and transplantation.
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20
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Can we prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease with cellular-therapy? Blood Rev 2020; 43:100669. [PMID: 32089398 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are the most important causes of treatment-related morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants for various diseases. Corticosteroids are an effective therapy in only about one-half of affected individuals and new therapy options are needed. We discuss novel strategies to treat GvHD using cellular-therapy including adoptive transfer of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cells derived from placental tissues, invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKTs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).These strategies may be more selective than drugs in modulating GvHD pathophysiology, and may be safer and more effective than conventional pharmacologic therapies. Additionally, these therapies have not been observed to substantially compromise the graft-versus-tumor effect associated with allotransplants. Many of these strategies are effective in animal models but substantial data in humans are lacking.
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21
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Zhang P, Yang S, Zou Y, Yan X, Wu H, Zhou M, Sun YC, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Xu K, Wang Y, Sheng LX, Mu Q, Sun L, Ouyang G. NK cell predicts the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in pretreatment scheme. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:46. [PMID: 31818250 PMCID: PMC6902350 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most complex complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Current standard of grading system is based on clinical symptoms in skin, liver and intestinal. However, it’s difficult to differ GVHD and its extent just by clinical manifestation. Here we retrospectively analyzed cell immune function in patients implemented allogeneic stem cell transplantation in Ningbo first Hospital from Jan 2013 to Jan 2018. Results the data are collected from 51 patients (mean age was 42; 45.1% women). The average NK cell percentage was 39.31% in severe GVHD (Grade III-IV), was 16.98% in mild GVHD (GradeI-II), while was 21.15% in No GVHD group. The statistical analysis showed difference among each grade. Further analysis was performed in Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treated group and control group. We showed NK Cell percentage was sharply different in ATG treated group: 47.34% in severe GVHD, 11.98% in mild GVHD group, while 18.3% in no GVHD group. However, in control group, the average percentage of NK cells was 23.27% in severe GVHD, was 23.22%in mild GVHD group, while was 21.13% in no GVHD group. Conclusion The data supports that ATG can prevent GVHD by increasing NK cell percentage. The percentage of NK cell seemed to be a useful probe to evaluate the severity of GVHD in allogeneic stem cell transplantation patients using ATG in pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Shujun Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yujing Zou
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yong Cheng Sun
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Li Xia Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Qitian Mu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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22
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Cortesi F, Delfanti G, Grilli A, Calcinotto A, Gorini F, Pucci F, Lucianò R, Grioni M, Recchia A, Benigni F, Briganti A, Salonia A, De Palma M, Bicciato S, Doglioni C, Bellone M, Casorati G, Dellabona P. Bimodal CD40/Fas-Dependent Crosstalk between iNKT Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Impairs Prostate Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29539427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) control cancer progression. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells control prostate cancer (PCa) progression by sculpting the TME. In a mouse PCa model, iNKT cells restrained the pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive capabilities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by reducing pro-angiogenic TIE2+, M2-like macrophages (TEMs), and sustaining pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. iNKT cells directly contacted macrophages in the PCa stroma, and iNKT cell transfer into tumor-bearing mice abated TEMs, delaying tumor progression. iNKT cells modulated macrophages through the cooperative engagement of CD1d, Fas, and CD40, which promoted selective killing of M2-like and survival of M1-like macrophages. Human PCa aggressiveness associate with reduced intra-tumoral iNKT cells, increased TEMs, and expression of pro-angiogenic genes, underscoring the clinical significance of this crosstalk. Therefore, iNKT cells may control PCa through mechanisms involving differential macrophage modulation, which may be harnessed for therapeutically reprogramming the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PhD Program of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucianò
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Recchia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
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23
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Zhu Y, Smith DJ, Zhou Y, Li YR, Yu J, Lee D, Wang YC, Di Biase S, Wang X, Hardoy C, Ku J, Tsao T, Lin LJ, Pham AT, Moon H, McLaughlin J, Cheng D, Hollis RP, Campo-Fernandez B, Urbinati F, Wei L, Pang L, Rezek V, Berent-Maoz B, Macabali MH, Gjertson D, Wang X, Galic Z, Kitchen SG, An DS, Hu-Lieskovan S, Kaplan-Lefko PJ, De Oliveira SN, Seet CS, Larson SM, Forman SJ, Heath JR, Zack JA, Crooks GM, Radu CG, Ribas A, Kohn DB, Witte ON, Yang L. Development of Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Therapy for Cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:542-557.e9. [PMID: 31495780 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are potent immune cells for targeting cancer; however, their clinical application has been hindered by their low numbers in cancer patients. Here, we developed a proof-of-concept for hematopoietic stem cell-engineered iNKT (HSC-iNKT) cell therapy with the potential to provide therapeutic levels of iNKT cells for a patient's lifetime. Using a human HSC engrafted mouse model and a human iNKT TCR gene engineering approach, we demonstrated the efficient and long-term generation of HSC-iNKT cells in vivo. These HSC-iNKT cells closely resembled endogenous human iNKT cells, could deploy multiple mechanisms to attack tumor cells, and effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo in multiple human tumor xenograft mouse models. Preclinical safety studies showed no toxicity or tumorigenicity of the HSC-iNKT cell therapy. Collectively, these results demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and cancer therapy potential of the proposed HSC-iNKT cell therapy and laid a foundation for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Drake J Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Hardoy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josh Ku
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tasha Tsao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Levina J Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander T Pham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heesung Moon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jami McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roger P Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beatriz Campo-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fabrizia Urbinati
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Larry Pang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Valerie Rezek
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beata Berent-Maoz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mignonette H Macabali
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zoran Galic
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dong Sung An
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paula J Kaplan-Lefko
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Satiro N De Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sarah M Larson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Hematological Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerome A Zack
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Owen N Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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24
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Jahnke S, Schmid H, Secker KA, Einhaus J, Duerr-Stoerzer S, Keppeler H, Schober-Melms I, Baur R, Schumm M, Handgretinger R, Bethge W, Kanz L, Schneidawind C, Schneidawind D. Invariant NKT Cells From Donor Lymphocyte Infusions (DLI-iNKTs) Promote ex vivo Lysis of Leukemic Blasts in a CD1d-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1542. [PMID: 31354710 PMCID: PMC6629940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative treatment option for hematologic malignancies but relapse remains the most common cause of death. Infusion of donor lymphocytes (DLIs) can induce remission and prolong survival by exerting graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effects. However, sufficient tumor control cannot be established in all patients and occurrence of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) prevents further dose escalation. Previous data indicate that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells promote anti-tumor immunity without exacerbating GVHD. In the present study we investigated lysis of leukemic blasts through iNKT cells from donor-derived lymphocytes for leukemia control and found that iNKT cells constitute about 0.12% of cryopreserved donor T cells. Therefore, we established a 2-week cell culture protocol allowing for a robust expansion of iNKT cells from cryopreserved DLIs (DLI-iNKTs) that can be used for further preclinical and clinical applications. Such DLI-iNKTs efficiently lysed leukemia cell lines and primary patient AML blasts ex vivo in a dose- and CD1d-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of CD1d on target cells was required to release proinflammatory cytokines and proapoptotic effector molecules. Our results suggest that iNKT cells from donor-derived lymphocytes are involved in anti-tumor immunity after allo-HCT and therefore may reduce the risk of relapse and improve progression-free and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Jahnke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmid
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathy-Ann Secker
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Einhaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silke Duerr-Stoerzer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hildegard Keppeler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irmtraud Schober-Melms
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Baur
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schumm
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bethge
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lothar Kanz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Corina Schneidawind
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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25
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Zabel M, Tauber PA, Pickl WF. The making and function of CAR cells. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:53-69. [PMID: 31181279 PMCID: PMC7058416 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) present a new treatment option for patients with cancer. Recent clinical trials of B cell leukemia have demonstrated a response rate of up to 90%. However, CAR cell therapy is frequently accompanied by severe side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and the development of target cell resistance. Consequently, further optimization of CARs to obtain greater long-term efficacy and increased safety is urgently needed. Here we high-light the various efforts of adjusting the intracellular signaling domains of CARs to these major requirements to eventually obtain high-level target cell cytotoxicity paralleled by the establishment of longevity of the CAR expressing cell types to guarantee for extended tumor surveillance over prolonged periods of time. We are convinced that it will be crucial to identify the molecular pathways and signaling requirements utilized by such ‘efficient CARs’ in order to provide a rational basis for their further hypothesis-based improvement. Furthermore, we here discuss timely attempts of how to: i) control ‘on-tumor off-target’ effects; ii) introduce Signal 3 (cytokine responsiveness of CAR cells) as an important building-block into the CAR concept; iii) most efficiently eliminate CAR cells once full remission has been obtained. We also argue that universal systems for the variable and pharmacokinetically-controlled attachment of extracellular ligand recognition domains of choice along with the establishment of ‘off-the-shelf’ cell preparations with suitability for all patients in need of a highly-potent cellular therapy may become future mainstays of CAR cell therapy. Such therapies would have the attraction to work independent of the patients’ histo-compatibility make-up and the availability of functionally intact patient’s cells. Finally, we summarize the evidence that CAR cells may obtain a prominent place in the treatment of non-malignant and auto-reactive T and B lymphocyte expansions in the near future, e.g., for the alleviation of autoimmune diseases and allergies. After the introduction of red blood cell transfusions, which were made possible by the landmark discoveries of the ABO blood groups by Karl Landsteiner, and the establishment of bone marrow transplantation by E. Donnall Thomas to exchange the entire hematopoietic system of a patient suffering from leukemia, the introduction of patient-tailored cytotoxic cellular populations to eradicate malignant cell populations in vivo pioneered by Carl H. June, represents the third major and broadly applicable milestone in the development of human cellular therapies within the rapidly developing field of applied biomedical research of the last one hundred years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Zabel
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter A Tauber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Kim TW, Park SS, Lim JY, Min GJ, Park S, Jeon YW, Yahng SA, Shin SH, Lee SE, Yoon JH, Cho BS, Eom KS, Lee S, Kim HJ, Min CK. Predictive Role of Circulating Immune Cell Subtypes Early after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Leukemia. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:73-83. [PMID: 30595008 PMCID: PMC6457701 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Cells of innate immunity normally recover in the first weeks to months after allogenenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Their relevance in terms of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is largely unknown. The predictive role of early recovery in the immune cells on acute GVHD and GVL effect after allo-HSCT was investigated in patients with acute leukemia who achieved the first complete remission. Methods Peripheral blood samples were taken at the median of 14 days (range, 12~29 days) after allo-HSCT. A cohort including 119 samples and characteristics of patients were analyzed. Immune cell populations were identified by flow cytometry. Results The median age was 49.0 years (range, 21~69) at transplantation. Univariate analysis showed that age less than 40 years old, lower frequencies of CD8+ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and higher frequency of immature MDSCs were associated with occurrence of grade III–IV acute GVHD. Multivariate analyses showed that iNKT cells (hazard ratio (HR), 0.453, 95% CI, 0.091~0.844, p=0.024) and M-MDSCs (HR, 0.271, 95% CI, 0.078~0.937, p=0.039) were independent factors. Combination of higher frequencies of both cell subsets was associated with lower incidence of grade III–IV acute GVHD, whereas patients with lower frequency of iNKT cells and higher frequency of M-MDSCs showed significant higher probability of relapse. Conclusions iNKT cells and M-MDSCs could be relevant cell biomarkers for predicting acute GVHD and/or relapse in acute leukemia patients treated with allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi June Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Silvia Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yahng
- Department of Hematology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Shin
- Department of Hematology, Yeoido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yoon
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Seong Eom
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Cortesi F, Delfanti G, Casorati G, Dellabona P. The Pathophysiological Relevance of the iNKT Cell/Mononuclear Phagocyte Crosstalk in Tissues. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2375. [PMID: 30369933 PMCID: PMC6194905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are regarded as sentinels of tissue integrity by sensing local cell stress and damage. This occurs via recognition of CD1d-restricted lipid antigens, generated by stress-related metabolic changes, and stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12 and IL-18. Increasing evidence suggest that this occurs mainly upon NKT cell interaction with CD1d-expressing cells of the Mononuclear Phagocytic System, i.e., monocytes, macrophages and DCs, which patrol parenchymatous organs and mucosae to maintain tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss critical examples of this crosstalk, presenting the known underlying mechanisms and their effects on both cell types and the environment, and suggest that the interaction with CD1d-expressing mononuclear phagocytes in tissues is the fundamental job of NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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28
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Kriegsmann K, Kriegsmann M, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Cremer M, Witzens-Harig M. NKT cells - New players in CAR cell immunotherapy? Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:750-757. [PMID: 30187578 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of peripheral blood natural killer T (NKT) cells in cancer patients and a favorable outcome associated with a high number of tumor-infiltrating NKT cells demonstrated in several studies indicated the important role of these immune cells in the antitumor response. With effective antitumor immunity via direct tumor lysis, cytokine modulation of effector cells and regulation of immunosuppressive cells, type I NKT cells display interesting features/properties for the rapidly developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. Due to their restriction to the monomorphic HLA-like molecule CD1d, but not to the polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA), NKT CAR cells show potential for enabling autologous and allogeneic/off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy. Promising results were obtained in preclinical NKT CAR cell studies, but clinical trials have not yet been conducted. In this review, we summarize the biological features of NKT cells, their role in antitumor immunity and recent advances in the development of NKT CAR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Cremer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Witzens-Harig
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Consonni M, Dellabona P, Casorati G. Potential advantages of CD1-restricted T cell immunotherapy in cancer. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:200-208. [PMID: 30308433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-specific "conventional" MHC-restricted T cells obtained from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or derived ex vivo by either antigen-specific expansion or genetic engineering of polyclonal T cell populations, shows great promise for cancer treatment. However, the wide applicability of this therapy finds limits in the high polymorphism of MHC molecules that restricts the use in the autologous context. CD1 antigen presenting molecules are nonpolymorphic and specialized for lipid antigen presentation to T cells. They are often expressed on malignant cells and, therefore, may represent an attractive target for ACT. We provide a brief overview of the CD1-resticted T cell response in tumor immunity and we discuss the pros and cons of ACT approaches based on unconventional CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Consonni
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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30
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Coman T, Rossignol J, D'Aveni M, Fabiani B, Dussiot M, Rignault R, Babdor J, Bouillé M, Herbelin A, Coté F, Moura IC, Hermine O, Rubio MT. Human CD4- invariant NKT lymphocytes regulate graft versus host disease. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1470735. [PMID: 30377560 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1470735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence for a protective role of invariant (i) NKT cells in the control of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the mechanisms underpinning regulation of the allogeneic immune response in humans are not known. In this study, we evaluated the distinct effects of human in vitro expanded and flow-sorted human CD4+ and CD4- iNKT subsets on human T cell activation in a pre-clinical humanized NSG mouse model of xenogeneic GVHD. We demonstrate that human CD4- but not CD4+ iNKT cells could control xenogeneic GVHD, allowing significantly prolonged overall survival and reduced pathological GVHD scores without impairing human T cell engraftment. Human CD4- iNKT cells reduced the activation of human T cells and their Th1 and Th17 differentiation in vivo. CD4- and CD4+ iNKT cells had distinct effects upon DC maturation and survival. Compared to their CD4+ counterparts, in co-culture experiments in vitro, human CD4- iNKT cells had a higher ability to make contacts and degranulate in the presence of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs, inducing their apoptosis. In vivo we observed that infusion of PBMC and CD4- iNKT cells was associated with decreased numbers of splenic mouse CD11c+ DCs. Similar differential effects of the iNKT cell subsets were observed on the maturation and in the induction of apoptosis of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro. These results highlight the increased immunosuppressive functions of CD4- versus CD4+ human iNKT cells in the context of alloreactivity, and provide a rationale for CD4- iNKT selective expansion or transfer to prevent GVHD in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Coman
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Institute Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maud D'Aveni
- CHRU Nancy, Service d'Hématologie et Médecine Interne, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,IMoPA, CNRS UMR 7365, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bettina Fabiani
- Service d'anotomie pathologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Rignault
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joel Babdor
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Bouillé
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - André Herbelin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Francine Coté
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ivan C Moura
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Rubio
- Département d'Hématologie, Institut Imagine, UMR 8147 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France.,CHRU Nancy, Service d'Hématologie et Médecine Interne, Hôpital Brabois, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,IMoPA, CNRS UMR 7365, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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31
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Ngai H, Tian G, Courtney AN, Ravari SB, Guo L, Liu B, Jin J, Shen ET, Di Pierro EJ, Metelitsa LS. IL-21 Selectively Protects CD62L + NKT Cells and Enhances Their Effector Functions for Adoptive Immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2141-2153. [PMID: 30111631 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cells expressing CD19-specific chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) produce high remission rates in B cell lymphoma, but frequent disease recurrence and challenges in generating sufficient numbers of autologous CAR T cells necessitate the development of alternative therapeutic effectors. Vα24-invariant NKTs have intrinsic antitumor properties and are not alloreactive, allowing for off-the-shelf use of CAR-NKTs from healthy donors. We recently reported that CD62L+ NKTs persist longer and have more potent antilymphoma activity than CD62L- cells. However, the conditions governing preservation of CD62L+ cells during NKT cell expansion remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-21 preserves this crucial central memory-like NKT subset and enhances its antitumor effector functionality. We found that following antigenic stimulation with α-galactosylceramide, CD62L+ NKTs both expressed IL-21R and secreted IL-21, each at significantly higher levels than CD62L- cells. Although IL-21 alone failed to expand stimulated NKTs, combined IL-2/IL-21 treatment produced more NKTs and increased the frequency of CD62L+ cells versus IL-2 alone. Gene expression analysis comparing CD62L+ and CD62L- cells treated with IL-2 alone or IL-2/IL-21 revealed that the latter condition downregulated the proapoptotic protein BIM selectively in CD62L+ NKTs, protecting them from activation-induced cell death. Moreover, IL-2/IL-21-expanded NKTs upregulated granzyme B expression and produced more TH1 cytokines, leading to enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of nontransduced and anti-CD19-CAR-transduced NKTs against CD1d+ and CD19+ lymphoma cells, respectively. Further, IL-2/IL-21-expanded CAR-NKTs dramatically increased the survival of lymphoma-bearing NSG mice compared with IL-2-expanded CAR-NKTs. These findings have immediate translational implications for the development of NKT cell-based immunotherapies targeting lymphoma and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Ngai
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Soodeh B Ravari
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Linjie Guo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bin Liu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jingling Jin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Elise T Shen
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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32
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Chabannon C, Kuball J, Bondanza A, Dazzi F, Pedrazzoli P, Toubert A, Ruggeri A, Fleischhauer K, Bonini C. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in its 60s: A platform for cellular therapies. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/436/eaap9630. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap9630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 60 years, more than a million patients received hematopoietic cell transplantation. Having incorporated multiple changes in clinical practices, it remains a complex procedure facing a dual challenge: cure of the underlying disease and prevention of relapse while controlling potentially severe complications. Improved understanding of underlying biological processes resulted in the design of innovative therapies engineered from defined cell populations and testing of these therapies as addition or substitution at virtually every step of the procedure. This review provides an overview of these developments, many of them now applied outside the historical field of hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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33
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Fallon EA, Chun TT, Young WA, Gray C, Ayala A, Heffernan DS. Program Cell Death Receptor-1-Mediated Invariant Natural Killer T-Cell Control of Peritoneal Macrophage Modulates Survival in Neonatal Sepsis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1469. [PMID: 29209308 PMCID: PMC5701916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate sepsis-induced end-organ changes and immune responses, including macrophage bacterial phagocytosis, a finding regulated by the check point protein program cell death receptor-1 (PD-1). Furthermore, PD-1 mediates mortality in both adult and neonatal murine sepsis as well as in surgical patients. Given our previous findings, we hypothesize that iNKT cells will also modulate neonatal sepsis survival, and that this effect is regulated in part through PD-1. We utilized a polymicrobial intra-peritoneal cecal slurry (CS) sepsis model in wild type (WT), iNKT−/− or PD-1−/− 5–7 day old neonatal pups. Typically, tissues were harvested at 24 h for various bioassays/histology and, in some cases, survival was assessed for up to 7 days. Interestingly, similar to what we recently reported for PD-1−/− mice following CS, iNKT−/−-deficient animals exhibit a markedly improved survival vs. WT. Histologically, minor alterations in liver architectural, which were noted in WT pups, were attenuated in both iNKT−/− and PD-1−/− pups. Following CS, PECAM-1 expression was unchanged in the WT pups but increased in both iNKT−/− and PD-1−/− pups. In WT, following CS the emergence of a Ly6Clow subpopulation was noted among the influxed peritoneal macrophage population. Conversely, within iNKT−/− pups, there were fewer peritoneal macrophages and a greater percentage of Ly6Chigh macrophages. We show not only a key role for iNKT cells in affecting end-organ damage as well as alterations in phagocytes phenotypes in neonatal sepsis but that this iNKT cell mediated effect is driven by the central checkpoint protein PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tristen T Chun
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Whitney A Young
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chyna Gray
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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34
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Lam PY, Nissen MD, Mattarollo SR. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Immune Regulation of Blood Cancers: Harnessing Their Potential in Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1355. [PMID: 29109728 PMCID: PMC5660073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique innate T lymphocyte population that possess cytolytic properties and profound immunoregulatory activities. iNKT cells play an important role in the immune surveillance of blood cancers. They predominantly recognize glycolipid antigens presented on CD1d, but their activation and cytolytic activities are not confined to CD1d expressing cells. iNKT cell stimulation and subsequent production of immunomodulatory cytokines serve to enhance the overall antitumor immune response. Crucially, the activation of iNKT cells in cancer often precedes the activation and priming of other immune effector cells, such as NK cells and T cells, thereby influencing the generation and outcome of the antitumor immune response. Blood cancers can evade or dampen iNKT cell responses by downregulating expression of recognition receptors or by actively suppressing or diverting iNKT cell functions. This review will discuss literature on iNKT cell activity and associated dysregulation in blood cancers as well as highlight some of the strategies designed to harness and enhance iNKT cell functions against blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yeng Lam
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Nissen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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35
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Bollino D, Webb TJ. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer and natural killer T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Transl Res 2017; 187. [PMID: 28651074 PMCID: PMC5604792 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system and natural killer T (NKT) cells, which have roles in both the innate and adaptive responses, are unique lymphocyte subsets that have similarities in their functions and phenotypes. Both cell types can rapidly respond to the presence of tumor cells and participate in immune surveillance and antitumor immune responses. This has incited interest in the development of novel cancer therapeutics based on NK and NKT cell manipulation. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), generated through the fusion of an antigen-binding region of a monoclonal antibody or other ligand to intracellular signaling domains, can enhance lymphocyte targeting and activation toward diverse malignancies. Most of the CAR studies have focused on their expression in T cells; however, the functional heterogeneity of CAR T cells limits their therapeutic potential and is associated with toxicity. CAR-modified NK and NKT cells are becoming more prevalent because they provide a method to direct these cells more specifically to target cancer cells, with less risk of adverse effects. This review will outline current NK and NKT cell CAR constructs and how they compare to conventional CAR T cells, and discuss future modifications that can be explored to advance adoptive cell transfer of NK and NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bollino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Md.
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36
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Mavers M, Maas-Bauer K, Negrin RS. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells As Suppressors of Graft-versus-Host Disease in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:900. [PMID: 28824628 PMCID: PMC5534641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and have been shown to play an important role in immune regulation, defense against pathogens, and cancer immunity. Recent data also suggest that this compartment of the immune system plays a significant role in reducing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Murine studies have shown that boosting iNKT numbers through certain conditioning regimens or adoptive transfer leads to suppression of acute or chronic GVHD. Preclinical work reveals that iNKT cells exert their suppressive function by expanding regulatory T cells in vivo, though the exact mechanism by which this occurs has yet to be fully elucidated. Human studies have demonstrated that a higher number of iNKT cells in the graft or in the peripheral blood of the recipient post-transplantation are associated with a reduction in GVHD risk, importantly without a loss of graft-versus-tumor effect. In two separate analyses of many immune cell subsets in allogeneic grafts, iNKT cell dose was the only parameter associated with a significant improvement in GVHD or in GVHD-free progression-free survival. Failure to reconstitute iNKT cells following allogeneic transplantation has also been associated with an increased risk of relapse. These data demonstrate that iNKT cells hold promise for future clinical application in the prevention of GVHD in allogeneic stem cell transplantation and warrant further study of the immunoregulatory functions of iNKT cells in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mavers
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Maas-Bauer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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37
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Ghinnagow R, Cruz LJ, Macho-Fernandez E, Faveeuw C, Trottein F. Enhancement of Adjuvant Functions of Natural Killer T Cells Using Nanovector Delivery Systems: Application in Anticancer Immune Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:879. [PMID: 28798749 PMCID: PMC5529346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells have gained considerable interest in anticancer immune therapy over the last decade. This “innate-like” T lymphocyte subset has the unique ability to recognize foreign and self-derived glycolipid antigens in association with the CD1d molecule expressed by antigen-presenting cells. An important property of these cells is to bridge innate and acquired immune responses. The adjuvant function of NKT cells might be exploited in the clinics. In this review, we discuss the approaches currently being used to target NKT cells for cancer therapy. In particular, we highlight ongoing strategies utilizing NKT cell-based nanovaccines to optimize immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ghinnagow
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luis Javier Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elodie Macho-Fernandez
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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38
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Harnessing the CD1 restricted T cell response for leukemia adoptive immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 36:117-123. [PMID: 28712863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Disease recurrence following chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the major unmet clinical need of acute leukemia. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with allogeneic T lymphocytes can control recurrences at the cost of inducing detrimental GVHD. Targeting T cell recognition on leukemia cells is therefore needed to overcome the problem and ensure safe and durable disease remission. In this review, we discuss adoptive cells therapy based on CD1-restricted T cells specific for tumor associated self-lipid antigens. CD1 molecules are identical in every individual and expressed essentially on mature hematopoietic cells and leukemia blasts, but not by parenchymatous cells, while lipid antigens are enriched in malignant cells and unlike to mutate upon immune-mediated selective pressure. Redirecting T cells against self-lipids presented by CD1 molecules can thus provide an appealing cell therapy strategy for acute leukemia that is patient-unrestricted and can minimize risks for GVHD, implying potential prognostic improvement for this cancer.
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39
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Invariant NKT cells contribute to chronic lymphocytic leukemia surveillance and prognosis. Blood 2017; 129:3440-3451. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-751065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
iNKT cells control CLL progression in both mice and patients and this inversely correlates with CD1d expression by leukemia cells. Human iNKT cells indirectly hinder CLL survival by restraining proleukemia monocyte-derived nurse-like cells.
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40
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Rubio MT, Bouillié M, Bouazza N, Coman T, Trebeden-Nègre H, Gomez A, Suarez F, Sibon D, Brignier A, Paubelle E, Nguyen-Khoc S, Cavazzana M, Lantz O, Mohty M, Urien S, Hermine O. Pre-transplant donor CD4 - invariant NKT cell expansion capacity predicts the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease. Leukemia 2016; 31:903-912. [PMID: 27740636 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinically useful pre-transplant predictive factors of acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) are lacking. We prospectively analyzed HSC graft content in CD34+, NK, conventional T, regulatory T and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in 117 adult patients before allo-SCT. Results were correlated with occurrence of aGVHD and relapse. In univariate analysis, iNKT cells were the only graft cell populations associated with occurrence of aGVHD. In multivariate analysis, CD4- iNKT/T cell frequency could predict grade II-IV aGVHD in bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts, while CD4- iNKT expansion capacity was predictive in PBSC grafts. Receiver operating characteristic analyses determined the CD4- iNKT expansion factor as the best predictive factor of aGVHD. Incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD was reduced in patients receiving a graft with an expansion factor above versus below 6.83 (9.7 vs 80%, P<0.0001), while relapse incidence at two years was similar (P=0.5).The test reached 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the subgroup of patients transplanted with human leukocyte antigen 10/10 PBSCs without active disease. Analysis of this CD4- iNKT expansion capacity test may represent the first diagnostic tool allowing selection of the best donor to avoid severe aGVHD with preserved graft-versus-leukemia effect after peripheral blood allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-T Rubio
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche de l'hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - M Bouillié
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - N Bouazza
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris Centre Necker Cochin, Hôpital Tarnier, Paris, France
| | - T Coman
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - H Trebeden-Nègre
- Département de Biothérapie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - A Gomez
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche de l'hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France
| | - F Suarez
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - D Sibon
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - A Brignier
- Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - E Paubelle
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - S Nguyen-Khoc
- Service d'Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Cavazzana
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Biotherapy Department, Necker Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Paris, France
| | - O Lantz
- INSERM U932, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CICBT507 IGR/Curie, Paris, France
| | - M Mohty
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,INSERM UMRs 938, Centre de Recherche de l'hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France
| | - S Urien
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris Centre Necker Cochin, Hôpital Tarnier, Paris, France.,INSERM CIC 1419, EAU08 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - O Hermine
- INSERM UMR 1163 and CNRS ERL 8254, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hemathological Disorders and Therapeutic Implication, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
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41
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Strategies before, during, and after hematopoietic cell transplantation to improve T-cell immune reconstitution. Blood 2016; 128:2607-2615. [PMID: 27697775 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-724005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immune reconstitution (IR) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is highly variable between patients and may take several months to even years. Patients with delayed or unbalanced T-cell IR have a higher probability of developing transplantation-related morbidity, mortality, and relapse of disease. Hence, there is a need for strategies to better predict and improve IR to reduce these limitations of allo-HCT. In this review, we provide an update of current and in-near-future clinically relevant strategies before, during, and after transplantation to achieve successful T-cell IR. Potent strategies are choosing the right HCT source (eg, donor-recipient matching, cell dose, graft manipulation), individualized conditioning and serotherapy (eg, antithymocyte globulin), nutritional status, exercise, home care, modulation of microbiota, enhancing homeostatic peripheral expansion, promoting thymopoiesis, and the use of adjuvant-targeted cellular immunotherapies. Strategies to prevent graft-versus-host disease are important as well because this complication and the subsequent need for immunosuppression affects T-cell IR and function. These options aim for personalized precision transplantation, where allo-HCT therapy is designed to boost a well-balanced T-cell IR and limit complications in individual patients, resulting in overall lower morbidity and higher survival chances.
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42
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Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting natural killer T cell responses in cancer. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:623-38. [PMID: 27393665 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells possess a classic αβ T cell receptor (TCR) that is able to recognize self and foreign glycolipid antigens presented by the nonclassical class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, CD1d. Type I NKT cells (referred to as invariant NKT cells) express a semi-invariant Vα14Jα18 TCR in mice and Vα24Jα18 TCR in humans. Type II NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that express a more diverse set of TCR α chains. The two types of NKT cells often exert opposing effects especially in tumor immunity, where type II cells generally suppress tumor immunity while type I NKT cells can enhance anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on the role of NKT cells in cancer. We discuss their effector and suppressive functions, as well as describe preclinical and clinical studies utilizing therapeutic strategies focused on harnessing their potent anti-tumor effector functions, and conclude with a discussion on potential next steps for the utilization of NKT cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer.
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43
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Abstract
CD1- and MHC-related molecule-1 (MR1)-restricted T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens, such as lipids and small metabolites, and account for a major fraction of circulating and tissue-resident T cells. They represent a readily activated, long-lasting population of effector cells and contribute to the early phases of immune response, orchestrating the function of other cells. This review addresses the main aspects of their immunological functions, including antigen and T cell receptor repertoires, mechanisms of nonpeptidic antigen presentation, and the current evidence for their participation in human and experimental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mori
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
| | - Marco Lepore
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
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44
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Tian G, Courtney AN, Jena B, Heczey A, Liu D, Marinova E, Guo L, Xu X, Torikai H, Mo Q, Dotti G, Cooper LJ, Metelitsa LS. CD62L+ NKT cells have prolonged persistence and antitumor activity in vivo. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2341-55. [PMID: 27183388 DOI: 10.1172/jci83476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) localize to tumors and have inherent antitumor properties, making them attractive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) carriers for redirected cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical application of CAR-NKTs has been impeded, as mechanisms responsible for NKT expansion and the in vivo persistence of these cells are unknown. Here, we demonstrated that antigen-induced expansion of primary NKTs in vitro associates with the accumulation of a CD62L+ subset and exhaustion of CD62L- cells. Only CD62L+ NKTs survived and proliferated in response to secondary stimulation. When transferred to immune-deficient NSG mice, CD62L+ NKTs persisted 5 times longer than CD62L- NKTs. Moreover, CD62L+ cells transduced with a CD19-specific CAR achieved sustained tumor regression in a B cell lymphoma model. Proliferating CD62L+ cells downregulated or maintained CD62L expression when activated via T cell receptor alone or in combination with costimulatory receptors. We generated HLAnull K562 cell clones that were engineered to express CD1d and costimulatory ligands. Clone B-8-2 (HLAnullCD1dmedCD86high4-1BBLmedOX40Lhigh) induced the highest rates of NKT expansion and CD62L expression. B-8-2-expanded CAR-NKTs exhibited prolonged in vivo persistence and superior therapeutic activities in models of lymphoma and neuroblastoma. Therefore, we have identified CD62L as a marker of a distinct NKT subset endowed with high proliferative potential and have developed artificial antigen-presenting cells that generate CD62L-enriched NKTs for effective cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- L-Selectin/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Natural Killer T-Cells/classification
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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45
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Larger number of invariant natural killer T cells in PBSC allografts correlates with improved GVHD-free and progression-free survival. Blood 2016; 127:1828-35. [PMID: 26903546 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-688739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the impact of a set of immune cells contained within granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell grafts (naïve and memory T-cell subsets, B cells, regulatory T cells, invariant natural killer T cells [iNKTs], NK cells, and dendritic cell subsets) in patients (n = 80) undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), using the composite end point of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free and progression-free survival (GPFS) as the primary end point. We observed that GPFS incidences in patients receiving iNKT doses above and below the median were 49% vs 22%, respectively (P= .007). In multivariate analysis, the iNKT dose was the only parameter with a significant impact on GPFS (hazard ratio = 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.85;P= .01). The incidences of severe grade III to IV acute GVHD and National Institutes of Health grade 2 to 3 chronic GVHD (12% and 16%, respectively) were low and associated with the use of antithymocyte globulin in 91% of patients. No difference in GVHD incidence was reported according to the iNKT dose. In conclusion, a higher dose of iNKTs within the graft is associated with an improved GPFS. These data may pave the way for prospective and active interventions aiming to manipulate the graft content to improve allo-SCT outcome.
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46
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Invariant natural killer T cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: killer choice for natural suppression. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:629-37. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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de Koning C, Plantinga M, Besseling P, Boelens JJ, Nierkens S. Immune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:195-206. [PMID: 26341398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has evolved into a potent curative treatment option for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. The occurrence of complications and mortality after allo-HCT is, however, still high and is strongly associated with immune reconstitution (IR). Therefore, detailed information on IR through immunomonitoring is crucial to improve survival chances after HCT. To date, information about the reconstituting immune system after allo-HCT in pediatric patients is mostly derived from routine standard-of-care measurements. More profound knowledge on IR may provide tools to better predict and modulate adverse reactions and, subsequently, improve survival chances. Here, we provide an overview of IR (eg, immune cell subsets and circulating chemokines/cytokines) after allo-HCT in children, taking into account different cell sources and serotherapy, and discuss strategies to enhance immunomonitoring. We conclude that available IR data after allo-HCT contain limited information on immune cell families (mostly only generic T, B, and NK cells), which would improve with more detailed information on reconstituting cell subsets or effector cell functionality at earlier time points (<1 month). In addition, secretome data (eg, multiplex cytokine/chemokine profiles) could add to the understanding of IR mechanisms and cell functionality and may even provide (early) biomarkers for individual disease outcome, such as viral reactivity, graft-versus-host disease, or graft-versus-leukemia. The present data and suggestions for more detailed, standardized, and harmonized immunomonitoring in future (pediatric) allo-HCT studies will pave the path to "precision transplantation:" an individualized HCT approach (including conditioning), based on detailed information on IR and biomarkers, aiming to reduce transplantation related mortality and relapse, and subsequently improve survival chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coco de Koning
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Plantinga
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Besseling
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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48
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Sun W, Wang Y, East JE, Kimball AS, Tkaczuk K, Kesmodel S, Strome SE, Webb TJ. Invariant natural killer T cells generated from human adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells are poly-functional. Cytokine 2015; 72:48-57. [PMID: 25569376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an important subset of T cells that can both directly and indirectly mediate anti-tumor immunity. However, cancer patients have a reduction in both iNKT cell number and function, and these deficits limit the potential clinical application of iNKT cells for cancer therapy. To overcome the problem of limited iNKT cell numbers, we investigated whether iNKT cells can be generated in vitro from bone marrow-derived adult hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPC). Our data demonstrate that co-culture of HSPC with OP9-DL1 stromal cells, results in a functional CD3(+) T cell population. These T cells can be further differentiated into iNKT cells by secondary culture with CD1d-Ig-based artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). Importantly, these in vitro-generated iNKT cells are functional, as demonstrated by their ability to proliferate and secrete IFN-γ and GM-CSF following stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - James E East
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Amy S Kimball
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Katherine Tkaczuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Susan Kesmodel
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Scott E Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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49
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Vermijlen D, Prinz I. Ontogeny of Innate T Lymphocytes - Some Innate Lymphocytes are More Innate than Others. Front Immunol 2014; 5:486. [PMID: 25346734 PMCID: PMC4193329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes have recently received a lot of attention. However, there are different ideas about the definition of what is “innate” in lymphocytes. Lymphocytes without V(D)J-rearranged antigen receptors are now termed innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and include cells formerly known as natural killer (NK) cells. Also, lymphocytes that are innate should be able to recognize microbial or stress-induced patterns and react rapidly without prior sensitization, as opposed to adaptive immune responses. Formally, genuine innate lymphocytes would be present before or at birth. Here, we review the ontogeny of human and mouse innate T lymphocyte populations. We focus on γδ T cells, which are prototype lymphocytes that often use their V(D)J rearrangement machinery to generate genetically encoded predetermined recombinations of antigen receptors. We make parallels between the development of γδ T cells with that of innate αβ T cells [invariant (i)NKT and mucosa-associated invariant T cells] and compare this with the ontogeny of innate B cells and ILCs (including NK cells). We conclude that some subsets are more innate than others, i.e., innate lymphocytes that are made primarily early in utero during gestation while others are made after birth. In practice, a ranking of innateness by ontogeny has implications for the reconstitution of innate lymphocyte subsets after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vermijlen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Bruxelles , Belgium
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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50
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Invariant natural killer T cells developing in the human fetus accumulate and mature in the small intestine. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1233-43. [PMID: 24646938 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted immunoregulatory lymphocytes that share characteristics of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although it has been reported that iNKT cells are present in the human fetal thymus, it is currently unknown how they distribute, differentiate, and function in fetal peripheral lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Here, we show that functional human fetal iNKT cells develop and differentiate in a tissue-specific manner during the second trimester. Fetal iNKT cells accumulated in the small intestine, where they gained a mature phenotype and mounted robust interferon (IFN)-γ responses. In contrast, iNKT cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were less frequently detected, less differentiated, mounted poor IFN-γ responses, but proliferated vigorously upon stimulation with α-galactosylceramide. These data demonstrate that fetal iNKT cells can differentiate and acquire potent effector functions in utero before the establishment of the commensal microflora.
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